Lec 4 oraganization

WELCOME

MIS – 104:

Computing Fundamentals

BBA Department of MISUniversity of Dhaka

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Books

1. Introduction to Computer Peter Norton

2. Computer Fundamentals Dr. M Lutfar Rahman

3. Computer Fundamentals Pradeep K. Sinha

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Last Class1. Computer:

Introduction Characteristics

Use (Specially in Business)HistoryGeneration

2. Classification of Computer: • Size & volume of data processing

– Micro, mini, mainframe, super• Working principle

– Analog, digital, hybrid• Purpose of use

– Special purpose, general purpose

Today’s Class

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Outline

3. Basic Organization of Computer: Input Unit Output Unit Memory Unit Control Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)

CPU = ALU + CU

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Organization

CPUInput Unit Output UnitALU

Control Unit

Memory Unit

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Outline

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Input unit

• Trough input devices command/problem/ instructions are passed to the CPU.

• Command as Electric signal moves to CPU or Preserved in the memory for further execution

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Input unit

Examples- – Keyboard– Mouse– Scanner– OMR– OCR – MICR– Barcode reader – Microphone – Joystick – Digital Camera – Light Pen – Track Ball – Card reader– Punch card – Webcam

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Output unit

• Processed data or result is displayed in an understable way through output unit

• Example:– Monitor– Printer– Speaker– Plotter – Microfilm, etc

• There are two types of output-– Hard copy:

• Printed papers, can be carried, touches– Soft copy:

• Result displayed in the monitor, can be viewed

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CPU

• Most important part of computer

• Known as the “Brain of computer”

• CPU is used for processing data & problems

• All types of calculation and decision making is done by CPU

• Collects the data from input, prepare result as per command and shows output

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CPU

• There are two main units of CPU, – Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)– Control unit (CU)

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ALU

• Known as `Arithmetic Logic Unit`• Solves all types of problems• Data analysis• All types of calculation like Addition, Subtraction,

Multiplication, Division following the “Binary Rule”

• Perform logical operations Like: AND OR NOT, >, >=, <, <=, <> etc

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Control unit

• Controls & balances all the activities of the Computer

• Control the computer as per instructions like Data input, When/Where/How it will go? etc. are determined by control unit

• Transfers control to the next instruction

• Controls all the Hardware & software

• Determine` where the next instruction is located? & How it will be executed?`

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Memory unit

• One of the most important part of computer that preserves data, instructions,results etc

• Examples: – RAM, ROM– Hard disk, Floppy disk, Optical Disk, – Cache, Virtual Memory etc

• There are three types of memory- 01. Processor Memory 02. Primary Memory 03. Secondary Memory

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Processor Memory

• Also known as `Built-in Memory`

• There are some `Resisters` in the ALU whose acts as processor memory

• Used as a working memory of temporary storage of instructions & data

• Another built in memory to support resisters is called `CACHE`

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Primary memory

• Also known as `Main memory`

• The memory in which CPU access directly & rapidly is called primary memory

• When any programme runs the CPU has a direct access with memory for processing

• Technology based on `SEMICONDUCTOR`• Example:

– RAM– ROM

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Secondary memory

• Also known as Auxiliary Memory,

• permanent

• Only stores data & system program

• Generally two types-– Magnetic:

• HDD, FDD, Magnetic disk, Magnetic tape etc– Optical:

• CD-ROM/DVD-ROM, Optical disk etc

Question...???

Next Class

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Course Outline

4. Input UnitKeyboard, Mouse, Scanner, OMR, OCR, MICRBarcode readerMicrophoneJoystickDigital CameraLight PenTrack Ball

Thank You