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Page 1: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the
Page 2: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

La fin de la dictature des Duvalier en 1986 a vu l’émergence en Haïti, émanant de la société civile, de revendications manifestes et de discours publics portant sur la justice, la démocratie, les droits de la personne, la reconstruction, et plus tard, sur la réconciliation. Mais c’est avec le retour de Jean-Claude Duvalier en Haïti, 25 ans plus tard, en janvier 2011, que s’initie, à partir de plaintes individuelles d’abord et plus tard avec la création du Collectif contre l’Impunité, le processus de recours formel en justice contre la personne du dictateur déchu, et à travers lui, contre la dictature. Le caractère inédit même en Haïti de ce recours en justice contre un ancien chef d’état constitue déjà sujet à débat. L’impossibilité par contre et dans la société civile et pour les pouvoirs constitués d’arriver à un consensus sur l’opportunité, et la recevabilité de ce recours, le fait, par ailleurs, que le décès de Duvalier ait pu susciter, sans opposition contraire ferme, la question de la caducité ou de l’opérationnalité de toute action juridique contre son régime, interpellent l’attention et imposent ce débat. Le colloque « Impunité, Responsabilité et Citoyenneté- Haïti » pose le prérequis de la récurrence d'une impunité de règle en Haïti et, de fait, de son institutionnalisation. Précédant le cas conjoncturel de la dictature Duvalier, Haïti accuse en effet d’une liste appréciable d’exactions d’état et de crimes de tout ordre demeurés impunis. A signaler, des plus notables, l'assassinat de Dessalines, premier chef d'état haïtien, héros de la Révolution et de l'indépendance haïtiennes n'ayant fait, même pour la forme, l'objet d'aucune enquête judiciaire, l'absence de toute investigation véritable dans la disparition de personnalités emblématiques telles l'écrivain Jacques Stephen Alexis, l'assassinat du journaliste Jean Dominique, auxquels on pourrait ajouter, par exemple, le dossier brulant et actuel de l’épidémie de choléra. Le Colloque invite à entamer une discussion sur les tenants historiques de cette impunité, sur son implication dans les concepts de responsabilité d'état et de responsabilité civile et civique dans le contexte haïtien, sur son incidence sur le vécu et le discours communs, et sur la production littéraire et artistique en Haïti. Nous proposons d’explorer ainsi la corrélation entre des épisodes apparemment isolés historiquement, la constitution du tissu social haïtien, la normalisation et la pérennisation de l’impunité. Les interventions aborderont et traiteront soit dans leur aspect théorique soit dans leur applicabilité, et sans forcément s’y limiter, les questions suivantes: * Impunité en Haïti. Définitions et contours. Perspectives historiques et philosophiques. * Impunité, droits humains et droit pénal : applications en Haïti. * Impunité et entre-soi. Pour une économie de l’impunité. * Impunité et exceptionnalité. Questions d’éthique. * Responsabilité citoyenne : La quête et l’exigence de justice n’implique-t-elle que les victimes ? Pourquoi l’impunité ne s’applique-t-elle pas qu’aux politiques? * L’impasse de la vengeance. * Impunité au quotidien. Rapport aux institutions. Rapport aux autres et projections de soi. * Comptes rendus/ réglés ? Voix et voies de justice et catharsis dans les arts et les lettres haïtiennes. Revue de littérature.

Appel à Contributions

Page 3: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

With the end of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986, Haiti witnessed the emergence of public demands and discourses addressing justice, democracy, individual rights, reconstruction, and later on, reconciliation. It was, however, 25 years later, after the return of Jean-Claude Duvalier to Haiti in January 2011, that the formal process of filing lawsuits against the person of the fallen dictator, and through him, against the dictatorship itself began, first on the basis of individual complaints, and later with the founding of the Collectif contre l’Impunité. The character of such recourse to justice against a former head of state, completely new to Haiti, is already the matter of much debate. Further, the impossibility of reaching a consensus within civil society and of overcoming obstacles from the authorities on the appropriateness and the feasibility of such a recourse, and the very fact that Duvalier’s death could elicit questions regarding the statute of limitations or the practical modalities of any judicial action against his regime, call for public attention and underscore the crucial importance of this debate. The premise of the conference « Impunity, Responsibility et Citizenship- Haiti » is that there is a constant recurrence of an expected impunity in Haiti, and, in fact, of its institutionalization. Even before the historically specific case of the Duvalier dictatorship, Haïti has been marked by a long list of violent acts by the state and of crimes that have remained unpunished. Among the most notable, the assassination in 1806 of Dessalines, the first Haitian head of state, hero of the Revolution and of Haitian independence, which was never, even pro forma, the object of any judicial inquiry, the absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the journalist Jean Dominique. To these one might add the urgent state of legal actions undertaken by Haitian citizens without government support in response to the ongoing cholera epidemic that began in October 2010. The conference calls on its participants to begin a conversation on the historical components of this impunity, on its implications for the concepts of state responsibility and of civil and citizen responsibility in the Haitian context, on its impact on lived experience and common experience, and on the literary and artistic production of Haiti. We thus propose to explore the correlation between seemingly historically isolated moments, the constitution of the Haitian social fabric and the normalization and reproduction of impunity. Presentations will address the following questions, whether in their theoretical dimension or in their application, but are not limited to them: * Impunity in Haiti. Definitions and contours. Historical and philosophical perspectives. * Impunity, human rights and the law: applications in Haiti. * Impunity and interpersonal relations. Towards an economy of impunity. * Citizens and responsibility: do the quest and demand for justice implicate victims only? Why does impunity not only concern the political class? * Revenge as dead end. * Impunity on a daily basis. Relations with institutions. Relations with others and self-projection. * Giving/Settling accounts? Voices and paths towards justice and catharsis through Haitian arts and letters.

Call For Papers

Page 4: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

09:30 Welcome

10:00 Overture

Introduction Francesca Canadé Sautman, Director, Henri Peyre French Institute

Opening Speech

Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis, President, FOKAL

10:30 Panel 1.- Impunité et Histoire, Histoire de l'Impunité/ Impunity and History, Impunity in History Moderator: Francesca Canadé Sautman

Florence Gauthier

Comment prendre en compte l’exclusion du peuple dans l’histoire de l’Indépendance haïtienne? Laënnec Hurbon

Les sources historiques et anthropologiques de l’impunité en Haïti Vertus Saint-Louis

Autour de l'assassinat de Dessalines: un document révélateur

12:00 Lunch

13:30 Panel 2 - Impunité, Agir politiquement/ Impunity, Acting politically Moderator: Michèle Montas

Nathalie Lamaute-Brisson

De l´impunité à la lutte contre l'impunité. Pour l´instauration de nouveaux rapports au passé Danièle Magloire

Libérer Haïti de l'impunité Jocelyn McCalla

“Koupe tèt boule kay” and “Rache manyòk bay tè a blanch”: Haiti’s guiding principles Alrich Nicolas

Figures de l’impunité, oblitération de la mémoire et mise en scène de la réconciliation dans l’Haïti contemporaine

15:00 The Forum On Impunity/ Le forum sur l’Impunité en Haiti

Michèle Montas & Jasmine Claude Narcisse Impunité en Haïti et opinion publique. État des lieux ?

15 :30 Book Presentation and Signing Michèle Pierre-Louis & Etienne Tassin

De la Dictature à la Démocratie ? http://goo.gl/IdrcGI Proceedings of the colloquium of the same title held in Port-au-Prince, Haiti in June 2014

16:00 Break

16:30 Screening & Discussion

Jacques Stephen Alexis: Mort Sans-sépulture A documentary by Arnold Antonin

Panel 3: Arnold Antonin, Thomas Spear, J-Pierre Richard Narcisse

Program Thursday March 17, 2016

25 Broadway, 7th Floor NY, NYC 10004

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9:30 Welcome

10:00 Panel 4- Impunité, Agir politiquement/ Impunity, Acting politically Le dossier de la République Dominicaine/ The DR Dossier

Moderator: Kiran Jayaram

Sophia Cantave “Se Mѐt Kò ki Veye Kò:” Resisting the Terror of Statelessness in the Dominican Republic and on the Haitian

Border. Sophie Marinez

The Perejil Massacre in the Dominican Republic and its Sequel in the 21st Century: Impunity and Responsibility

11:00 Panel 5- Impunité, Droits de la personne et procès en justice Impunity, Human Rights and Procedurial Justice

Moderator: William O’Neill

Allen Kim Between Reformism and Repression: The History of the Local Human Rights Movement in Haïti

Michèle Montas

Opinion publique, volonté politique et les procès de l’après Duvalier/ Public opinion, political will and some post Duvalier trials.

Pascal Paradis

The Duvalier Case: Emblematic, Indispensable and Far From Over / Le cas Duvalier: emblématique, indispensable et loin d’être terminé.

12:30 Lunch

14:00 Keynote panel

Moderator & Respondent: Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis

William O'Neill Ending Impunity in Haiti: how can international law help?

Etienne Tassin

Responsabilité personnelle et dictature

15:30 Break

15:45 Panel 6. Dire (contre) l'impunité / Speaking (Against) Impunity. Narratives Moderator: Jasmine Claude Narcisse

Nathan Dize

Acting Political/Political Action: Antoine Innocent, Fin-de-Siècle Haitian Theater, and Nord Alexis

Katia Gottin Paroles déchues: crise du processus testimonial en Haïti.

Régine Joseph

Paradoxes of the Responsible Citizen: Impunity in Roumain, Alexis and Chauvet

Program Friday March 18, 2016

365 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10016

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17:15 Panel 7 - Impunity et Mémoire / Impunity and Memory Moderator: Domna Stanton

Kesler Bien-Aimé

Les régimes mémoriels du duvaliérisme

Yvanne Joseph Talking Back: Narrative Expressions of Life under Papa Doc’s Reign

Ayanna Legros

Radio Song: Haitian Exiles, Political Activism, and the Fight for Human Rights

Célia Romulus & Yasmine Djerbal Rumour and Artistic Performances as Forms of Testimony - Between Disciplining the Body and Collective

Healing in Algeria and Haiti.

18:15 Closing Remarks

18:30 Reception

Around the Impunity Colloquium

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Online Forum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

March 2016: http://goo.gl/OujnSD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Film Festival in collaboration with

The School of Liberal Studies and Education, The Foreign Languages Department, the Caribbean Research Center, The Center for Black Literature and The Film and Culture Series of Medgar Evers College

Haiti Cultural Exchange

Medgar Evers College The Edison O Jackson Auditorium

1638 Bedford Avenue Brooklyn NY

March 22, 2016 19:00

Jacques Stephen Alexis: Mort Sans-sépulture by Arnold Antonin

May 4, 2016

18:30 Storming Papa Doc by Mario Delatour

Program Friday March 18, 2016

365 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10016

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Since returning to Haiti in 1976 after studying abroad and obtaining an M.A. in Economics from Queens College of The City University of New York, Michèle D. Pierre-Louis has devoted special attention to education, access to information and culture. She has also served in the banking sector and in government agencies. In 1986 she became a national trainer in a major literacy campaign, Mission Alpha. In 1991, President Jean-Bertrand Aristide called on her to serve as a member of his private cabinet. In 1995 she created Fondation Connaissance et Liberté (FOKAL, Knowledge and Freedom Foundation, www.fokal.org), a member of the Open Society Institute – Soros Foundation’s network – which she directed for 13 years. FOKAL focuses on education, culture, community development, environment, gender equity, and civil society endeavors.

From 1989 through 2006, Michèle D. Pierre-Louis was a member of the CheminsCritiques review for which she wrote articles on politics, economics, arts and culture. In September 2008, she became Prime Minister of Haiti, while also serving as Minister of Justice and Public Security. Upon leaving office in November 2009, she returned to FOKAL as President, coordinating special projects related to Haiti’s post-earthquake reconstruction efforts. Pierre-Louis is also a University teacher and often lectures in foreign universities. She holds a Doctorate Honoris Causa in Humanities from Saint Michael College in Vermont. From September through December 2010, she was a Resident Fellow at Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government/Institute of Politics. In 2011, President Zapatero of Spain invited her to become a member of the International Commission against the Death Penalty.

Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis

President of Fondasyon Konesans Ak Libète (FOKAL) Honorary President of the Spring 2016 Colloquium

Impunity, Responsibility And Citizenship - HAITI

Notes

Keynote Panel

Page 8: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

William O'Neill is a lawyer specializing in humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. He was Senior Advisor on Human Rights in the UN Mission in Kosovo, Chief of the UN Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda and led the Legal Department of the UN/OAS Mission in

Haiti. He has worked on judicial, police and prison reform in Burundi, Liberia, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Timor Leste, Nepal and Bosnia-Herzegovina. He investigated mass

killings in Afghanistan for the High Commissioner for Human Rights. He also conducted an assessment of the human rights situation in Darfur and trained the UN's human rights

monitors stationed there. At the request of the UN's Executive Committee on Peace and Security, he chaired a Task Force on Developing Rule of Law Strategies in Peace

Operation. He has created and delivered courses on human rights, rule of law and peacekeeping for several peacekeeping training centers whose participants have

included senior military, police and humanitarian officials from dozens of countries. He has published widely on rule of law, human rights and peacekeeping, including, Kosovo:

An Unfinished Peace and Protecting Two Million Displaced: The Successes and Shortcomings of the African Union in Darfur. In the spring of 2008, O'Neill was visiting

professor of law and international relations at the Scuola Sant'Anna in Pisa, Italy.

William O'Neill Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum (CPPF) Guest Speaker

Ending Impunity in Haiti: how can international law help?"

Notes

Keynote Panel

Page 9: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

Ancien élève de l’ENS, agrégé, docteur en philosophie, titulaire d’une habilitation à diriger des recherches en lettres et sciences humaines, Etienne Tassin est professeur

de philosophie politique à l’université Paris Diderot (UFR de Sciences sociales). Il enseigne la philosophie politique dans le Master « Sociologie et anthropologie politique : politique, culture, migrations » dont il est responsable de la filière «

Sociologie et philosophie politique ». Directeur de l’école doctorale « Economies, Espaces, Sociétés, Civilisation : Pensée critique, politique et pratiques sociales » (ED

382), il assure l’encadrement doctoral du Doctorat de science politique, spécialité Philosophie politique. Chercheur au CSPRP (Centre de Sociologie des Pratiques et

Représentations Politiques), il est membre du conseil d’administration de l’Institut des Humanités de Paris (IHP). Spécialiste de la philosophie de Hannah Arendt à l’œuvre de laquelle il a consacré plusieurs ouvrages, ses travaux de recherche portent aujourd’hui prioritairement sur l’action politique, les formes contemporaines du cosmopolitisme et

les expériences de subjectivation politique qu’elles suscitent.

Etienne Tassin Université Paris Diderot Guest Speaker

Responsabilité personnelle et dictature

Etienne Tassin se propose de traiter de la question de l'impunité et de la responsabilité citoyenne sur un plan philosophique et pas en relation seulement avec la situation haïtienne, tout en ne s’écartant pas de celle-ci. Il considère cette responsabilité relativement aux temps de la dictature mais aussi aux temps d'après, dits démocratiques, où cette responsabilité concerne aussi bien la mémoire ou l'oubli des crimes commis que l'impunité dans laquelle on les tient.

Notes

Keynote Panel

Page 10: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

Jacques Stephen Alexis is certainly one of the most prominent writers of Haiti and the Caribbean. Coming back to Haiti in 1961 after a long journey abroad, the author of "General Sun, My Brother" and "In the Blink of an Eyelid" is kidnapped on François Duvalier's orders and has been missing since then as well as 4 of his companions. This film shows the efforts to find records and decipher the mystery of his disappearance. At the same time, it makes us discover the revolutionary, the thinker, the man of science, the loving father and the great writer. 2015, 95 min

Haitian filmmaker Arnold Antonin has made some of the best films about Haitian art, Haitian

Culture and Haitian History. He is known at home and abroad for his social, political, and cultural commitment. He was honored for his

work with the Djibril Diop Mambety award at the International Film Festival in Cannes in 2002. He

has received many awards including the Paul Robeson best film award three consecutive times at the African Diaspora FESPACO in Ouagadougou

in 2007, 2009, and 2011.

Arnold Antonin

Jacques Stephen Alexis: Mort Sans Sépulture

Notes

Panelists

Page 11: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

Depuis la chute du l’État duvaliériste, sa représentation « imagique » c’est-à-dire, sa présence visible connait des replis et des rebondissements suivant la conjoncture politique. Du constat de cette inconstance à la nécessité d’expliciter les stratégies de ruptures et de contrecoups engagés, faut-il reconnaître que la longévité d’un régime politique de vingt-neuf ans de règne ne saurait s’arrêter seulement à la date de son écroulement. Dans les récits de représentation du duvaliérisme, nous relevons, des repères qui sont indicatifs de schématisations suffisamment fortes pour perdurer dans le temps. Et de fait, les images créées par ce pouvoir politique ont la vie dure. Elles survivent subtilement dans les pratiques sociales, culturelles et politiques. Or, toujours depuis février 1986, le régime d’«imagéité » du duvaliérisme est banni de toute forme de commémoration collective. Pourtant, au-delà du culte l’oubli, il y a lieu de souligner ceci - assumer une politique publique de sa mémoire ne restera pas, semble-t-il, sans conséquence. À travers des positions politiques antagoniques, nous chercherons les mobiles de la convocation de sa présence dans l’activité politique haïtienne. Les contentieux générés entre (1957-1986) étant loin d’être vidés, comment le présentisme de ce régime dans la gestion du pouvoir post 1986, peut-elle, en même temps, susciter le besoin de transmettre sa mémoire et l’appréhension de commémorer ce « mort politique » dans l’espace publique?

Kesler BIEN-AIMÉ est doctorant au LADIREP / Laboratoire habilité du Collège doctoral d’Haïti (CDH). Sociologue et photographe, il est consultant en

conservation et en gestion du patrimoine culturel. Ces recherches actuelles portent sur la sémiologie de la mémoire politique du duvaliérisme. Il est

détenteur d’une maîtrise interdisciplinaire en Sciences sociales et Humaines de l’Université d’État d’Haïti (UEH) et de l’Université Laval. Professeur d'histoire de

la photographie et du cinéma à l'Université d'État d'Haïti, Kesler BIEN-AIMÉ travaille aussi comme spécialiste de programme culture à la Commission

nationale haïtienne de coopération avec l’UNESCO.

Kesler BIEN-AIMÉ LADIREP

Régimes mémoriels du duvaliérisme

Notes

Panelists

Page 12: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

The Haitian saying, Se Mѐt Kò ki Veye Kò , places the responsibility of protecting the body on the owner of the body in question. This saying encapsulates the dissonance between the Haitian state and the Haitian Individual. Each Haitian is responsible for him or self. The government does not protect, does not defend, and does not provide. The long history of Haitians crossing the border into the Dominican Republic, to cut sugarcane in Dominican bateys, has led to the creation of a group of people that no government on the island of Hispaniola feels legally bound to protect or respect. Calling for justice for denationalized Dominicans of Haitian descent and Haitian migrants has largely fallen on those affected and those in the Haitian diaspora and not the Haitian government. In this paper, “Se Mѐt Kò ki Veye Kò : Resisting the Terror of Statelessness in the Dominican Republic and on the Haitian Border,” I will explore the challenges faced by Dominican born children of Haitians living and working under the impunity of Dominican state-sponsored violence and terror. As descendants of Haitian batey workers, Dominicans of Haitian descent speak fluent Spanish, not Kreyol or French, and live in a Dominican cultural reality without any of the legal protections or certainties conferred at birth by the state. As Dominican Haitians, they cannot just go “home” to Haiti when their government, the DR government, decides to reinterpret the Dominican Constitution and deny them their rights as Dominican citizens. Using the short film Birthright Crisis (2013), directed by Miriam Neptune and produced by Haitian Women for Haitian Refugees as well General Sun, My Brother (trans, 1999) by Jacques Stephen Alexis, I will also examine the anti-Haitianism at the heart of Resolution 168-13, and the history of impunity leading up to that ruling.

Sophia Cantave has a PhD in English from Tufts University. She specializes in the study of Black Diaspora Literature and Culture of the Americas. She

is currently an adjunct professor at Bronx Community College.

Sophia Cantave Bronx Community College, CUNY

“Se Mѐt Kò ki Veye Kò:” Resisting the Terror of Statelessness in the Dominican Republic and on

the Haitian Border

Notes

Panelists

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In February 1901, Antoine Innocent and Henriette Biamby took to the stage as Jean-Jacques and Célimène Dessalines as they re-enacted Liautaud Éthéart’s play La Fille de l’Empereur (1860). Nearly two years later, in December 1902, General Nord Alexis declared himself president of Haiti and reigned over a sanguinary period of six years before he fled to Jamaica in 1908. Innocent and Alexis would cross paths, at least indirectly, in October 1906 when Innocent interpreted, once again, the role of Dessalines to commemorate the one hundred year anniversary of the revolutionary’s assassination at the Pont-Rouge. This time, the play was written by Massillon Coicou who Alexis would later have murdered along with his two brothers and a dozen others for supposedly plotting a coup d’état alongside Anténor Firmin. In this presentation, I analyze Antoine Innocent’s two roles as Dessalines in order to suggest that actors and playwrights used the centenary of major events in Haitian history as a way to subvert the tumult of Nord Alexis’s repressive state. In investigating this hypothesis, I seek to address the following questions: How does the commemoration of Jean-Jacques Dessalines serve as a manner of subverting Nord Alexis? How can theater operate as a type of civic engagement and activism against a history of state violence? In what ways does acting operate as a form of resistance against unjust political action?

Nathan H. Dize is in the Masters program in Modern French Studies at the University of Maryland, College Park. Nathan is also translator and editor of a peer-

reviewed Digital Humanities project from the University of Maryland Libraries in partnership with the Department of French and Italian entitled: A Colony in Crisis:

The Saint-Domingue Grain Shortage of 1789. Nathan's current thesis project explores representations of Haitian revolutionaries in Haitian theater from 1818-

1907. In fall 2016, Nathan will join the Department of French and Italian at Vanderbilt University as doctoral student.

Nathan Dize University of Maryland

Acting Political/ Political Action: Antoine Innocent, Fin-de-Siècle Haitian Theater,

and Nord Alexis

Notes

Panelists

Page 14: Appel à Contributions · absence of any serious investigation into the disappearance of emblematic figures such as the writer Jacques-Stephen Alexis, and the assassination of the

The unsettled political climates of Algeria’s Civil War (1990-2002) and Duvalierism in Haiti (1957-1986) produced conditions for violent formations both real and performed. This paper will look at rumour as a form of testimony and will uncover how it came to play a pivotal role in the everyday life of people. Based on the Algerian experience, we will analyze how embedding instability and fear, narratives of violence rooted in rumour and the unseen, contributed to disciplining the body into acting and performing as conditioned. Conversations about what might have happened, or what might happen, filled in the gaps and the silences left by the media and government yet also, paradoxically, served as unverifiable information. We will uncover the employment of rumour as unverifiable data within the context of the Algerian civil war, but also a combination of memory, trauma, government discourse, empirical information, and disciplinary apparatus dominating social relations. This paper will also link specific postcolonial geographies and histories as well as academia and practice. In contemporary Haiti, rumour, silences and fragmented narratives of trauma originating from family stories, testimonies and recent academic work are at the center of artistic approaches to testimony aiming to co-construct memory and allow collective healing. This paper will thus focus on the ways in which a selection of artistic performances have become practices of testimony and have allowed individuals to confront their own subjectivity as a first step in the long process of untangling the knots of memory, trauma and truth surrounding the Duvalierist dictatorship in Haiti. Ultimately, these practices constitute individual and collective resistance strategies to oblivion, state and social processes silencing history.

Yasmine Djerbal is a PhD. student in the program of Cultural Studies at Queen’s University. Her research is located at the intersection of identity politics, postcolonial/decolonial theories and race studies and engages with questions of immigration and the politics of race, gender and religion in discourses of citizenship. Her previous works focused on Gender Violence, Algerian Citizenship and the Family Code; North African Feminist Activism; the Algerian Civil War; Resistance; Political Comic Strips and Islam.

Yasmine Djerbal & Célia Romulus Queen’s University

Rumour and Artistic Performances as Forms of Testimony Between Disciplining the Body and Collective Healing in Algeria and Haiti

Celia Romulus is a PhD candidate and instructor in the department of Political Studies at Queen’s University. Her research focuses on gender and the state, gender and political violence, migration studies, inter-generational trauma and citizenship. She focuses on the normalization of gendered state repression under the Duvalier dictatorship; how these systematized forms of violence shaped movements of population out of Haiti; and the notion of citizenship as experienced by multiple generations of migrants.

Notes

Panelists

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Dans cette discussion sur les tenants historiques des thématiques de l’impunité, de la responsabilité et de la citoyenneté en Haïti, je propose un coup de projecteur sur le rejet des propositions « faites » par ce Nouveau peuple, qui s’est créé en Révolution depuis 1789/1791/1804, sans être entendu ni pris en compte dans ses créations par les classes qui ont finalement pris le pouvoir en l’écartant. - Les opprimés de la colonie ont commencé à se créer en tant que peuple, qui s’est nommé lui-même « le Nouveau peuple de Saint-Domingue », lorsque les premiers maquis de « libres de couleur », depuis 1790, ont été suivis de l’insurrection des esclaves depuis les 22/23 août 1791. - Une grande partie des esclaves insurgés est partie défricher les mornes et inventer sa propre «voie paysanne » autour d’une unité de production capable de conjuguer droits individuels et droits collectifs. Ils inventaient par là leur propre conception du droit, de l’économie et des relations sociales, fondée sur la réciprocité du droit. Ils se gouvernaient eux-mêmes dans une forme de démocratie locale qui ne demandait qu’à être reconnue dans la nouvelle société. Mais les classes qui, finalement dominèrent, croyant échapper au mépris des puissances occidentales, alors triomphantes et affairées à remplacer l’esclavage par le racisme, les ont en partie imitées en tenant ce peuple-pays « en dehors », pour fonder une aristocratie des riches qui a peu à envier à celle de ces « libéraux » du XIXe siècle.

Florence Gauthier est historienne des révolutions des droits naturels de l’homme et du citoyen du XVIIIe siècle. Ses publications incluent:

- La Voie paysanne dans la Révolution française. L’exemple picard, Paris, Maspero, 1977.

- Avec Guy IKNI, La Guerre du blé au XVIIIe siècle. Critiques populaires et savantes de la liberté illimitée du commerce des subsistances, en France, Paris, Passion/Verdier, 1988.

- Triomphe et mort du droit naturel en révolution, 1789-1795-1802, (1992) Syllepse, 2013.

- Ed. de Périssent les colonies plutôt qu’un principe ! Contributions à l’histoire de l’abolition de l’esclavage, 1789-1804, Paris, 2002.

- L’Aristocratie de l’épiderme. Le combat des Citoyens de couleur, 1789-1791, CNRS, 2007.

- Ed. de “Le droit naturel”, in Corpus, n° 64, Paris, 2013.

http://revolution-francaise.net/?q=florence+gauthier

Florence Gauthier Université Paris-Diderot

Comment prendre en compte l’exclusion du peuple dans l’histoire de l’Indépendance haïtienne ?

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Le témoin est le pivot dans toute démarche visant à mettre en accusation et condamner ceux et celles ayant commis des exactions à l’encontre de l’autre. Or, en Haïti, les quarante dernières années n’ont fait que confirmer l’oblitération de sa voix en dépit d’une plus grande visibilité dans les médias et dans les arts. Aussi l’absence des bourreaux dans le processus testimonial met en avant non seulement l’impossible témoignage mais aussi un projet d’exorcisation et de réconciliation voué à l’échec. La présence d’anciens bourreaux dans le gouvernement et l’oppression insidieuse qui en découlent expliquent l’absence de structures nationales facilitant l’acte de témoignage et perpétuent une tradition d’impunité. L’expérience audacieuse de la Commission Nationale de Vérité et de Justice en 1995 à la suite du coup d’État de 1991 n’a pas permis la remise en question des pratiques corrompues du gouvernement haïtien. Cette communication est une étude des conditions du déni de ces nombreuses voix cherchant à témoigner d’actes commis pendant la dictature de Jean-Claude Duvalier et une réflexion sur la forme du témoignage. L’analyse de trois œuvres montre deux stratégies créatives opposées qui répondent à la dégradation du statut de témoin. Les films documentaires d’Arnold Antonin, Le règne de l’impunité en 2013 et Témoignages pour l’histoire de l’impunité en Haiti en 2014, sont une représentation de ce rejet de non-visibilité du témoin. À l’opposé, écrit en 1973 dans un autre contexte, l’ouvrage Ultravocal présente une écriture spiraliste hermétique et redéfinit le témoignage comme une “œuvre ouverte”.

Dr Katia Gottin a obtenu son doctorat en littérature francophone en 2014 à Northwestern University. Sa thèse de doctorat s’intitule “Bearing Witness to

Haitian History: Trauma, Testimonial Narrative and Madness.” Ses publications sont parues dans International Journal of Francophone Studies

et Nouvelles études francophones. Actuellement, elle bénéficie d’une bourse postdoctorale dans le départment de français et d’études

francophones à Wits University à Johannesburg où elle poursuit ses recherches sur le processus testimonial.

Katia Gottin Wits University

Paroles déchues: Crise du processus testimonial en Haïti

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L’impunité en Haïti a un rapport étroit avec la nature du pouvoir politique  instauré dès les premières années de l‘indépendance. Si la nation se définit comme une communauté politique de citoyens égaux, producteurs des lois sous lesquelles ils vivent, Haïti a un problème particulier , puisqu’il existe  et a existé des citoyens de seconde zone considérés comme en dehors du système de justice officiel et donc qui seraient sous des pratiques clairement d’exception, c’est-à-dire  sous un régime de justice dit « à part ». Si cela est vrai, la pratique de l’impunité devient naturelle, puisque la confiance dans les institutions de justice fera automatiquement défaut. D’autre part,  ces institutions de justice ne peuvent plus logiquement que servir d’idéologie pour la reproduction et le maintien au pouvoir de la classe dirigeante. Dans ce cas, celle-ci se comprend toujours déjà en dehors ou au- dessus des lois, l’impunité  devenant en toute rigueur  presque comme une norme. Pour les classes de paysans et d’habitants de bidonvilles, l’automaticité de sanctions contre les crimes semble fondée dans les lois de la nature et non pas dans les lois positives, et alors dans l’ici-bas  l’espoir de sortir de l’impunité apparait purement aléatoire. On tachera de surprendre la problématique de l’impunité sous le double registre, d’abord au niveau historique en rappelant certains cas de crimes commis depuis le pouvoir exécutif et restés impunis, ensuite au niveau anthropologique en nous penchant sur le mode de fonctionnement de la vengeance dans les couches populaires du pays.

Laënnec Hurbon, directeur de recherche honoraire au CNRS, professeur à la faculté des sciences humaines de l’Université d’Etat d’Haïti et président du Conseil scientifique du Collège doctoral de l’Université en Haïti. Thème de

recherche : religions, cultures et politique en Haïti et dans la Caraïbe. Derniers ouvrages parus sous sa direction : Catastrophe et environnement :

Haïti, séisme 2010, Editions de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en sciences sociales, Paris, 2014 ; Les partis politiques dans la construction de la

démocratie, Publication IDEA, Port-au-Prince, 2014 ( en collaboration avec F. Midy et A. Gilles).

Laennec Hurbon CNRS et Collège doctoral Université d’Etat d’Haiti

Les sources historiques et anthropologiques de l’impunité en

Haiti

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Edwidge Danticat once described Jacques Roumain, Jacques Stéphen Alexis and Marie Vieux- Chauvet as a multigenerational triad whose works rank highly among the cornerstones of Haitian literature. Indeed, their novels are lauded, not only, for their formal achievements and nuanced narrative, but also, for their evocative representation of and meditation on the lived dimensions of socio-political crises. Indeed, these authors actively meditate on the role and responsibility of the writer and the citizen. For instance, Roumain’s call for literary activism in “Poésie comme arme,” Alexis’s bold but tragic insurrection against Duvalier and Chauvet’s correspondence to France about her exile are all examples of a shared commitment to justice and socio-political. It seems fitting to turn, then, to this triumvirate in order to consider how impunity – the exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action1 – operates in mid-twentieth century Haitian literature. Curiously, in Roumain’s Gouverneurs de la rosée, Alexis’s Compère général soleil and Chauvet’s Amour, colère et folie, impunity is a fait accompli. Each novel features high profile assassinations of its protagonists: Roumain’s Manuel, Alexis’s Hilarion, as well as Chauvet’s Normil family in “Colère” and the poets of “Folie.” In each instance, although their assassins are named - Gervilen, Dominican soldiers, the Gorille, the Commandant – they remain exempt from punishment and freed from legal action. If one seeks to identify a judicial corrective to impunity within mid-twentieth century Haitian literature, one may argue, Roumain, Alexis and Chauvet do not offer satisfying models. This paper considers what is at stake when a novel that takes its inspiration from an ethic of citizenship and responsibility normalizes impunity? What work does the framing of impunity in Roumain, Alexis and Chauvet achieve? How might this representation amount to a commentary on Haiti’s legal institutions and the distrust they inspire? How might it reflect in other words a faith in the nation over the state? 1. Oxford English Dictionary. http://www.oed.com

Dr. Joseph holds a PhD in French Literature from New York University. She specializes in francophone literature, postcolonial studies, feminism, and the political histories of the French Caribbean. She is presently finishing a book

manuscript that focuses on the literary responses to the rising suppression of radical politics in mid-20th-century Haiti. Her second book project – derived from her archival work on Marie Vieux Chauvet and Simone de Beauvoir (Yale French

Studies, 128) – examines the politics of the literary market and the publication of French and Francophone women writers.

Régine Joseph Queens College, CUNY

Paradoxes of the Responsible Citizen: Impunity in Roumain, Alexis and

Chauvet

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Within the discipline of psychology, life narratives have emerged as an important mode of inquiry for understanding how the individual interprets the social and historical context within which his or her life unfolds. Psychologist Phillip Hammack (2008), for example, explains that in constructing a life story, the individual constructs a personal narrative that fuses elements of daily experiences with the stories of national identity—struggle, suffering and resilience. Outside of the discipline of psychology, personal narratives have been a strong medium for making the self heard, taking a stand, and calling for change. In this paper, I present parts of a life story narrated by a Haitian U.S. immigrant who grew up under Papa Doc’s reign of terror and repression. Focusing in on his interpretations and understandings of this social and historical period, and his life’s trajectory, I argue that his use of story-telling through writing, music and art developed as a result of him having experienced "silence and repression" during this period. Furthermore, I argue that for this individual, and many other members of this generation, their narrative expressions of resistance were most vocalized through stories, music and art. Therefore, documenting, analyzing and discussing the life histories of members of this cohort can provide researchers and political scholars with a more nuanced understanding of the different strategies Haitian citizens and immigrants use to gain an audience for hearing their cries for justice and equality at home and abroad.

Yvanne Joseph is a lecturer in both the Department of Special Programs/SEEK and the Department of Education and Social and

Behavioral Sciences at Medgar Evers College, City University of New York. She teaches introductory psychology and group counseling courses. She earned a Ph.D. in Critical/Social-Personality Psychology May, 2015 at

the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Her research focus is on Black immigrant racial and cultural identity development,

acculturation and narrative study of lives.

Yvanne Joseph Medgar Evers College, CUNY

Talking Back: Narrative Expressions of Life Under Papa

Doc’s Reign

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I examine the local foundations of the human rights movement in Haiti. In the 1970’s and 1980’s, a dedicated group of organizations such as the Ligue haïtienne des droits humains, contested the authoritarianism of the Francois (1957-1971) and Jean Claude (1971-1986) Duvalier dictatorships through non-violent action ranging from written petitions to legal action. Their activism sought to redefine the relation between state and society as well as the practice of Haitian citizenship itself. They grounded their opposition to the Duvalier regime appealing to the democratic content of the Haitian Constitution as well as the principle of universal and foundational human rights. Much of the previous historical scholarship on late 20 th century Haiti has only glossed over the complex local history in which a progressive group of Haitians, predominantly middle class professionals and intellectuals, attempted to translate the universalism of the 1970’s global human rights movement into a national political vernacular. I examine the vernacularization of the language and organizational impetus of Haitian human rights as a dialectical process which engaged both the potentially reformist elements of the Jean-Claude Duvalier regime and its civic opposition.

Allen Kim is a history doctoral candidate at Princeton University specializing in Caribbean and Latin American history. He is currently

working on a thesis on political thought and social mobilizations during the Francois and Jean-Claude Duvalier dictatorships (1957-1986)

Allen Kim Princeton University

Between Universalism and Haitianité : The History of the Haitian Human Rights

Movement during the Duvalier Era

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Le constat d´une récurrence sur la longue durée de l´impunité en Haïti et l´hypothèse de son institutionnalisation à l´origine de l´appel à communications sur le thème “Impunité, responsabilité et citoyenneté” sont évidents et problématiques. De quelle(s) impunité(s) parle-t-on sur deux siècles d´histoire? L´impunité est un phénomène historique en ce qu´elle est d´abord le produit d´une histoire de rapports de force quasi-bruts où les vainqueurs imposent le silence ou l´amnistie. Il importe dès lors de reconstituer les configurations qui disent les référentiels, les ressorts, les objets et les formes de l´impunité et des résistances à celle-ci dans des contextes historiques précis. comme la “longue période” 1986-2016, celle des multiples refus inaboutis de l´impunité politique. Aujourd´hui, la lutte contre l´impunité politique centrée sur la violence exterminatrice de la dictature duvaliérienne se déroule dans un contexte marqué, d´un côté, par un horizon temporel court. Responsables, victimes et témoins sont en effet pour beaucoup quasiment en fin de cycle de vie. D´un autre côté, c´est la prédominance de la focalisation sur le présent d´une population jeune, sans perspectives et plongée dans la survie, dans le cadre du tout-marchand de la globalisation. L´enjeu est alors, pour les partisans d´une citoyenneté active, de construire un nouveau régime d´historicité sur la question de l´impunité, avec un nouveau rapport au passé qui informe sur les divers ordres de violence physique et symbolique d´hier et d´aujourd´hui associés tant aux pratiques répressives situées qu´aux morphogenèses des rapports économiques et sociaux et de l´économie politique de la domination en Haïti.

.

Nathalie Lamaute-Brisson

De l´impunité à la lutte contre l'impunité. Pour l´instauration de nouveaux rapports au passé

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The father and son dictatorships of Francois and Jean-Claude Duvalier caused an exodus of Haitian exiles that remained active politically around the globe. These Haitian exiles, thought to rid Haiti of their political dissidents, in turn became a larger problem for the Duvalier family, as they found ways to engage Haitian politics from the ground and transnationally. Ultimately, Haitian exiles found multiple platforms in which to address the human rights crisis in Haiti and their demands rarely fell upon deaf ears. This paper showcases how media networks, particularly Haitian Creole/Kreyol radio stations (such as L’Heurre Haitienne) allowed for the Haitian exile community to mobilize for social change transnationally. New York City became a huge base for these Haitian exiles and would lead to prominent black presses, letter writing campaigns, protests, rallies, and a strong radio culture. These platforms allowed for Haitians to establish a collective identity as exiles, migrants, and responsible citizens, both here and at home. Utilizing archival research and oral histories, this paper analyzes the ways in which Haitian exiles utilized radio networks to challenge the Duvalier politically, locate family members across the diaspora, and demand justice for victims of atrocities.

Ayanna Jessica Legros New York University

Radio Song: Haitian Exiles, Political Activism, and the Fight for Human Rights

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A la chute de la dictature des Duvalier, la question de justice a été une des exigences majeures des populations haïtiennes qui avaient été livrées, pendant 29 ans, à l’arbitraire. Cette exigence de justice continue, encore aujourd’hui, à marquer le paysage sociopolitique en faisant corps avec des aspirations et revendications fondamentales pour la construction de la démocratie. Ainsi, la demande de justice se décline-t-elle de différentes manières : quête d’inclusion sociale, réclamation d’une effective égalité des citoyennes et citoyens, capacité d’exercer des recours, adoption et application de lois ancrées dans les valeurs de droits humains, changement du système de justice, etc. L’impunité est en outre apparue comme une question centrale. Force est cependant de constater que cette question cruciale ne retient pas l’attention des autorités, ne mobilise pas les cercles de juristes et d’avocats, ne fait pas l’objet de débats dans les milieux universitaires, ni de réflexion chez les législateurs et législatrices; la tendance étant plutôt de s’attacher à des épiphénomènes. Tout se passe comme si la lutte contre l’impunité n’incombait qu’aux organisations de défense des droits de la personne et aux victimes qui osent porter plainte. Qu’est-ce qui explique cette attitude de la société? Pourquoi la mise en cause des personnes en position d’autorité, ou liées au pouvoir, est-elle est-il si difficile et peu soutenue? Pourquoi la communauté internationale, friande du crédo de l’État de droit, s’accommode-t-elle si bien du règne de l’impunité?

De formation en sciences sociales, ses interventions s’attachent en particulier aux droits des femmes et des groupes vulnérables, aux demandes de justice, au

développement démocratique et aux démarches de plaidoyer. Féministe active, Magloire a contribué à la création d’organisations de défense des droits des

femmes et de groupes féminins. Elle milite notamment à Kay Fanm (Maison des femmes), à la Concertation Nationale contre les violences faites aux femmes et

dans les plateformes du mouvement des femmes. Elle intervient également auprès d’autres organisations citoyennes dans différents milieux. Elle coordonne le

Collectif contre l’impunité, une structure dédiée à l’affaire Duvalier et consorts.

Danièle Magloire

Libérer Haïti de l'impunité

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Human rights in Haiti gained new urgency and converts both within and outside of the country with the downfall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986. Haitians placed much hope in a new era that would herald concern for their fellow man, precious attention to the collective welfare, the ability to weigh in on national affairs and to compete peacefully for the hearts and minds of the new man and woman of the democratic nation. Civil and political rights have gained much currency in Haiti since then. It appears unlikely that they will be rolled back. Yet Koupe tèt boule kay, the clarion call that set off the 1791 Saint-Domingue insurrection and kept the slave rebellion alive until freedom was sealed with Haiti's declaration of independence remains the key principle used by Haitians to resolve disputes. Its corollary is "rache manyòk, bay tè a blanch," slash and burn or the zero sum game. They both undermine efforts to anchor human rights, establish a fair judicial system in Haiti and strengthen political stability in Haiti. For there to be real, irreversible progress in developing a human rights and democratic culture in Haiti, Haitians must first and foremost resolve to abandon the principles mentioned above in favor of the principles of active non-violent advocacy. Given that Koupe tèt boule kay has been passed from one generation to the next, setting off on a new course will take nothing less than a national campaign that penetrates every sphere of Haitian life. Jocelyn McCalla served as Executive Director of the National Coalition for Haitian

Rights, and of the New Jersey Immigration Policy Network. He is a founder of the Haitian Studies Association and has served on the Board of the National Immigration

Forum, the NY Immigration Coalition, and the Advisory Board of Human Rights Watch/Americas. Mr. McCalla has long written on and campaigned in favor of human

rights, democracy and the rule of law in Haiti, and for the rights of Haitians abroad. He consults regularly with a wide range of leaders, governmental, intergovernmental and

non-governmental organizations. Mr. McCalla was born in Haiti and resides in the United States.

Jocelyn McCalla JMC Strategies

“Koupe tèt boule kay” and “Rache manyòk bay tè a blanch”: Haiti’s

guiding principles

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This paper focuses on the 1937 massacre perpetrated by Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo against tens of thousands of Haitians and Dominican-Haitians residing in the Dominican Republic at the time, a carnage later on know as the the Perejil Massacre for its use of the Spanish term “perejil” (parsley), a particularly difficult word to pronounce by non-Spanish speakers, to identify Haitians from Dominicans before their execution. After briefly reviewing its possible causes, it explores the question of responsibility and impunity by focusing on novels that deal with the genocide, including Jacques Stephen Alexis’ Compère Général Soleil (1955), Freddy Prestol Castillo’s El Masacre se pasa a pie (1973), and Edwidge Danticat ’s The Farming of Bones (1998). While Alexis’s lens emphasizes solidarity by a section of the Dominican population that helped protect Haitians the best they could under the dictatorship, Danticat’s approach suggests a visceral anti-Haitian racism among Dominicans as a whole. Dominican Prestol Castillo, on the other hand, uses his work to purge his own guilt with an ambiguous account of the events. To be sure, while much attention has been placed on the responsibility that the Dominican population may have had, the question remains: what role did the Haitian state play in exacting justice and participating in leaving these crimes unpunished? As the Haitian population currently residing in the Dominican Republic is, again, the target of xenophobic, racist discourses and practices, a similar question arises concerning the position of the Haitian government: how can it play a more effective role in pressuring the neighboring state to implement policies that protect the human rights of Haitian immigrants and their descendants?

Dr. Sophie Maríñez was born in France and raised in the Dominican Republic. She holds a Ph.D. in French from The Graduate Center (CUNY), and a M.A. in Liberal

Studies with a focus on Dominican-American Identity and Literature from Empire State College (SUNY). She is an Assistant Professor of French and Spanish at BMCC, (CUNY). Her current scholarship focuses on Dominican-Haitian relations and their manifestation in history, literature, and other forms of cultural productions. Using her scholarship as a form of activism, she is deeply motivated by the current state

of the human rights of Haitians and Dominican-Haitians in the Dominican Republic.

Sophie Marinez Borough of Manhattan Commuity College, CUNY

The Perejil Massacre in the Dominican Republic and its Sequel in the 21st

Century: Impunity and Responsibility

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Ce papier replace certains procès de l'après Duvalier dans le contexte des exigences de justice du peuple haïtien,et de la mobilisation de l’opinion publique autour de cas emblématiques précis . Il tente d’analyser d’autre part les succès relatifs et les échecs de ces cas judiciaires en fonction de la volonté politique des dirigeants, et de l'apathie ou de la dépendance des structures judiciaires. Quel procès ont avancé au cours des trente dernières années? Pourquoi? Comment? This paper places some of the trials held in the post Duvalier era in the context of the popular demands for justice and the mobilization of public opinion around some emblematic cases. It also attempts to analyze the relative success or setbacks of some judicial cases in the light of the political will of governments, and the apathy or dependency of the judicial system. What are the trials that have progressed or even succeeded in the last thirty years? Why? How?

Journaliste depuis une quarantaine d’années, Michèle Montas est devenue en 2000 directrice de Radio Haït, après l’assassinat de son mari, le journaliste Jean Dominique. Elle a été nommée en 2007 Porte Parole du Secrétaire général des Nations Unies a New York. Elle est récipiendaire du

prix Cabot d’Excellence en journalisme (2002) et du Prix Reporters sans Frontières pour la Défense de la Liberté de la Presse (2003). Sa publication la plus récente est un essai “A la

recherche de la mémoire enterrée d’Haiti” dans le recueil “Reflections sur Mémoire et Democratie” (Presses de l’Universite Harvard, 2016).

A journalist for the last forty years, Michèle Montas became the Director of Radio Haiti in 2000, after her husband Jean Dominique was assassinated. She was later, in 2007, chosen to be

Spokesperson for the United Nations Secretary General in New York. She is a recipient of the 2002 Cabot Award for Excellence in journalism from Columbia University in New York and of the Reporters without Borders International Prize for the Defense of Freedom of the Press. Her most recent publication is an essay: ”Unearthing Haiti’s Buried Memories” in “Reflections on Memory

and Democracy” (Harvard University Press, 2016).

Michèle Montas Collectif contre l’Impunité

Opinion publique, volonté politique et les procès de l’après Duvalier/ Public opinion, political will and some post Duvalier

trials.

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Poet, playwriter, novelist. J-P Richard Narcisse has published an extensive monograph on the investigation about the execution of the Coicou brothers by the

government of Nord Alexis (Dans l’ombre d’une exécution, [2010] 2014). His forthcoming non-fiction novel, Autour de la disparition de Jacques Stephen Alexis,

2016 investigates the disappearance of the Haitian writer Jacques Stephen Alexis in 1961 under the Duvalier regime.

www.narcisseenvol.com

.

J-P. Richard Narcisse Author

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Les dernières années en Haïti ont été marquées par une exaspération des luttes mémorielles et une forte présence dans les débats publics de la problématique de la mémoire, de l’impunité et de la réconciliation. Plusieurs facteurs expliquent cet état de fait. Premièrement, l’arrivée au pouvoir d’un nouveau régime qui semble marquer sinon la fin du cycle politique ouvert en 1986 la résurgence d’une certaine apologie du duvaliérisme. Des thuriféraires de l’ancien régime ont repris du service et se sont mobilisés pour violenter, salir la mémoire des victimes et perpétuer l’impunité. Deuxièmement, le retour au pays de l’héritier du duvaliérisme historique, Jean Claude Duvalier, sa présence imposée dans l'espace public comme une tentative de le réhabiliter en douceur. Troisièmement, sa mort et les débats qu’elle a provoqués quant au degré de solennité officielle à conférer à ses funérailles. Quatrièmement, la courageuse bataille juridique menée par les victimes du duvaliérisme contre l’impunité et les stratégies d’oblitération de la mémoire et, conséquemment le développement de nouveaux espaces d’information et de débats sur les conséquences de la dictature sur le tissu social haïtien. On se propose d’analyser ce contexte particulier et de montrer comment la problématique de la mémoire, de l’impunité et de la réconciliation imprègne la construction de la démocratie en Haïti et la maitrise de son avenir.

Dr. Alrich Nicolas est sociologue et économiste. Il est actuellement professeur à l’Université d’Etat d’Haïti et Directeur du CHERIES (Centre

Haïtien d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Economiques et Sociales) qu’il a fondé en 2012.

Alrich Nicolas CHERIES

Figures de l’impunité, oblitération de la mémoire et mise en scène de la réconciliation dans l’Haiti contemporaine

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Dans sa présentation, Me Pascal Paradis, directeur général d’ASFC, dessinera les grandes lignes des tenants et aboutissants juridiques de ce cas emblématique, brossera un portrait de l’évolution du dossier devant les tribunaux nationaux et expliquera en quoi cette affaire revêt encore aujourd’hui une importance historique pour l’avenir du pays. Il reviendra entre autres sur la décision rendue par la Cour d’appel de Port-au-Prince en 2013, une première brèche dans le mur d’impunité qu’a connu jusqu’ici le pays en ce qui concerne les années de dictature. Il rappellera en quoi le dossier est toujours ouvert et doit le demeurer contre d’autres hauts placés du régime Duvalier. Il réitérera l’importance de l’utilisation des mécanismes internationaux disponibles en vertu du principe de complémentarité et tracera un parallèle avec des cas emblématiques de la même nature dans d’autres pays, en insistant sur les leçons apprises et les meilleures pratiques dont Haïti peut s’inspirer dans sa quête de justice.

Grâce à l’appui de Fokal et des Fondations Soros, Avocats sans frontières Canada (ASFC) est depuis 2011 le principal partenaire du Collectif contre l’impunité en Haïti pour la

partie juridique et judiciaire de l’affaire Jean-Claude Duvalier.

Pascal Paradis is one of the three founding members of Lawyers Without Borders Canada (LWBC), an international NGO whose mission is to support the defence of human rights

for the most vulnerable through the reinforcement of access to justice and legal representation.

Pascal Paradis Avocats sans frontières Canada (ASFC)

Lawyers Without Borders Canada (LWBC)

The Duvalier Case: Emblematic, Indispensable and Far From Over

Le cas Duvalier: emblématique, indispensable et loin d’être terminé

Notes

Panelists

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Le 8 octobre 1843, le médecin William George Smith, publie le témoignage d’un fonctionnaire, dont il ne cite pas le nom, et que Dessalines avait chargé en septembre 1806 de faire payer le négociant américain Macintosh, trafiquant aux Cayes, les taxes qu’il devait à l’Etat. La table de Macintosh était ouverte matin et soir aux autorités et gens bien placés dans la ville. Il obtenait ce qu’il voulait, ne payait de taxes ni à l’entrée ni à la sortie de ses marchandises. Lorsque la révolte éclate contre Dessalines, Mackintosh offre 1 200 gourdes à un militaire pour tuer ce fonctionnaire et lui enlever son portefeuille. Au cours de la révolte contre Dessalines aux Cayes, les livres de la trésorerie de cette ville sont « arrachés » en partie et un grand nombre de papiers et pièces comptables sont « arrachés » sans que l’on puisse dire par qui. A la mort de Dessalines, James Both, commerçant américain, ami de Mackintosh, offre à ce fonctionnaire d’opérer une transaction sur un certificat comptable que Mackintosh avait délivré, et que ce fonctionnaire recevrait en récompense un pot de vin de dix-mille gourdes. Depuis lors, Hérard Dumelse, futur député constituant, ne cesse d’inviter ce fonctionnaire à entrer dans le jeu. Ce dernier ayant refusé, Dumesle lui coupe son amitié. Le retard de 37 ans avant de rendre public ce rare témoignage sur un événement d’importance soulève un problème d’enquête historique et judiciaire qui nous préoccupe encore et que nous nous proposons d’aborder.

Né en Haïti en 1940, Vertus Saint Louis a étudié la médecine avant de s'adonner à des recherches en histoire. Docteur en histoire et spécialiste de la

période coloniale haïtienne, professeur à l'Université d'État d'Haïti, Vertus Saint-Louis a publié plusieurs ouvrages sur la période coloniale et la période du

18ème siècle conduisant à la révolution en Haïti.

Il travaille maintenant sur le thème science et colonisation

Vertus Saint-Louis

Université d'État d'Haïti

Autour de l'assassinat de Dessalines: un document révélateur

Notes

Panelists

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Thomas C. Spear is Professor of French at the Graduate Center and Lehman College, CUNY. Author of numerous articles, translations, and critical editions, his literary research focuses particularly on forms of autofiction. His publications include Une journée haitienne (2007) and La culture francaise vue d’ici et d’ailleurs (2002) and , as co-editor, Paroles et silences chez Marie-Célie Agnant; l’oublieuse mémoire d’Haiti (2013) and Céline and the Politics of Difference (1995). Since 1998, he has been the editor of Île en Île, an archive featuring the

literature of French-speaking island and their diasporas.

.

Thomas Spear The Graduate Center & Lehman College, CUNY

Notes

Panelists

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Francesca Canadé Sautman Director of the Henri Peyre French Institute Professor of French Hunter College & The Graduate Center, CUNY

Moderators

Domna Stanton Distinguished Professor of French The Graduate Center, CUNY

Michèle Montas Collectif contre l’Impunité

William O’Neill Program Director, Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum (CPPF)

Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis President of FOKAL Honorary President of the Impunity Colloquium

Kiran Jarayam Assisstant Professor of Anthropology and Black Studies at York College, CUNY Postdoctoral Fellow at the Université d’Etat d’Haïti.

Jasmine Claude Narcisse PhD Candidate, The Graduate Center Curator of the Impunity Seminar Broad Member HPFI Queens Community College, CUNY

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To Promote the structures necessary to establish a just and durable democratic society, based on individual and collective autonomy and responsibility; To Support the autonomy of individuals, critical spirit, clear judgment, sense of responsibility, initiative, creativity and free cooperation through education, training and communication; To Reinforce the organizational processes which promote within groups the power of discrimination, the acquiring, sharing and comparing of knowledge and know-how necessary for an active participation in the democratic administration of public affairs and the flourishing of social, cultural and community life. Since 2011, FOKAL has offered significant support to events and initiatives that contribute to local action promoting the power and importance of memory and the fight against Impunity. The foundation partners with a wide range of civil society, including artists, journalists, students and scholars of all disciplines and supports various activities organized on the topics of remembrance and dictatorship.

______________________________________________________

Support and Partnership

Th e Henri Peyre French Institute extends its gratitude to : Alessandra Benedicty-Kokken David Bruchon Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis Parfait Kouassi Lorraine Mangonès Margarita Bazan Maria Luisa Ruiz Marguerite Van Cook Ninoshka woods Cecile Anne Zaugg (Poster Design) Special thanks to: Dean Juan Carlos Mercado, Division of Interdisciplinary Studies at the Center for Worker Education at the City College of New York The Foreign Languages Department of Medgar Evers College, CUNY Haiti Cultural Exchange

The Spring 2016 Colloquium on Impunity in Haiti is organized with the support of FOKAL. FOKAL is an independent foundation in Haiti supported by the Open Society Institute and other international and local organizations. Since 1995 FOKAL provides a range of educational, human development and economic activities to the local communities and community civil society organizations in the country and has become the leading independent organization shaping the future of Haiti. Its mission is to:

Thank you to Michèle Voltaire Marcelin who graciously offered her painting “Portrait de famille” as illustration of the Colloquium. For her: “This painting explores the other side of an idyllic official family portrait. Is it a "before" or an "after" snapshot the photographer captured while the family was unaware? Backstage before a performance? It depicts a real life scene where frustration, chaos and violence seem the ordinary fare of the family. The characters are all naked to show their vulnerability. The bright yellow of the background and the glowing sun add to the intensity of the scene.” Michèle Voltaire Marcelin: "Portrait de Famille" - Acrylic/Mixed media-36X60

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Founders: Distinguished Professor Mary Ann Caws, Graduate Center Professor Emeritus John W. Kneller (1916-2009) Founded in 1980, the Henri Peyre French Institute is named in honor of the late Henri Peyre, internationally renowned scholar and critic, formerly Distinguished Professor and Executive Officer of the Ph.D Program in French at The Graduate Center, CUNY. The Henri Peyre French Institute presents a wide range of special events that are free to the public and open to everyone who values and enjoys French and Francophone cultures. These events include exhibits, artistic performances, readings, seminars and lectures on literature, philosophy, politics, art, theatre, film and music

Other Current Events :

• The Seminar of Food, Power and Exchange

• March 4, 2016: A Centennial Celebration of Marie Vieux Chauvet

• March 11 2016 (support to) French Doctoral Student Annual Conference, “Mapping Memory”

• April 4 Brigitte Bedos-Rezak (NYU) “Mobility and Replication: A Medieval Technology for the Management of Urban Identity” with the Pearl Kibre Medieval Study

• April 15 End-Year Translation Event

• May 2016 (TBA) Impunity Postscript with Michèle Montas

The Institute

The Henri Peyre French Institute Board of Directors: Dr. Jane Vasiliou (Chair) French Doctoral Candidate Jasmine Narcisse Professor (emerita) Jeanine Parisier Plottel Professor Francesca Canadé Sautman, (Director) Professor Julia Przybos, (Executive Officer, Ph.D. Program in French, Graduate Center).

The Graduate Center, CUNY 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016

www.henripeyrefrenchinstitute.org [email protected]

212-817 8365 212 817-8366