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© AKa11eMHK HsaH Pa11es, CbCTas1nen, 2013 © AsrnpcK11 KOJieKrns, 2013 © YHttsepc11TeTcKo H31\aTeJicTBO "Cs. cs. KttpHJI 11Mern11ttll",2013 BeJIHKO TbpHoBo, yn. "T. TbpHOBCKtt" N2 2
ISBN 978-954-524-900-6
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IlAHCHALIA (1762-2012)
IOliH/IEEH CliOPHMK
CncTaBHTen: aKaJleMHK Msau PALIEB
YuueepcHTeTcKo ua11aTeJICTBO "Ce. ce. KupnJI n MeT011nii" BeJIHKOTnpnoeo, 2013
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TiaHc11H XttneHnapcKH - KbM MHTOBeTe 3a HerosoTo .ueno c ,nHeIIIHa 11arn (eMecrn npe11roeop) ............................................................................................... 7
BACR BEJ1!1HOBA, L\l1Ml1TbP ITEEB - ll(pHXH KbM fll14HOCTTa H )leJIOTO Ha OTeu. IlaHCHH , .............................................................................................. 19
L\)KEHMC <I>. KJJAPK- 0Tel( ITanrnii H 6bnrapcKarn ncrnpHH ................................ 44
Cl1MEOH A. Cl1MEOHOB - TiapanenH Ha ITpoceemett11ern: ,,I1cTop1u1 cnaBHH06bnrapcKa" Ha IlaHcttH X1u1eHL1,apcKH cpemy ,,311paBHHT p33yM" tta ToMac ITeiiH .............................................................................. 68
l1BAH PAL\EB - ,,l1cTOpttHrn" H tteiittme npo4HTH cpen 6bJirapHTe-npeceJIHttUH B Eecapa6ttH ............... ., ······································ 81
TATRHA Hl1KOJJOBA-XIOCTbH -):lo Oxaiio 11 tta3a11: no cneJlHTe Ha Eorrrpa.ucKHH c6opHHK OT X11JJett.n.apcK1u1 u.ettTbp ............................. 127
Ml1JlA KPbCTEBA- 3a (He)3H3HHOTO B (ncttxo)611orpa<jmHT3 Ha Mottaxa TaKCHJlHOT XapttTOH P11neu, .......................................................................... 139
fEOPfl1H K. BEHEL\l1KTOB - He113secTeH npenHc Ha ,,I1CTOpH51 cnaBHH06bnrapcKa" Ha nattcHH XHJJeH)l.apcKH .......................................... 157
MAP!1AHA M. <I>POJJOBA- KbM Bbnpoca 33 npott3XOlla Ha qepTKOBCKl-HI (MocKOBCKH51) npenHc Ha "l1CTOpH51 CJ1aB51H06bJ1rapcKa" Ha DaHcHH XHJteH.uapCKH ........................................................................................... 164
HEBEHA Ml1XOBA - ITeTKO P. Cnaeei1KOB H ,,l1CTOpH51 CJ1aB51H06bJ1rapcKa" B penHrH03HO-peTOpH4HH51 KOHTeKCT Ha 40-Te rO.UHHH Ha xx B ........................................................................... 175
Hl1R PA):\EBA - ITpen11c11Te Ha ,,l1cTOpHH cnasHtto6bnrapcKa" -no.uxo.n npH tt3cne.nsatte Ha e3HKa ..... , ............................................................... ,, ...... 189
EJll1CABETA CTOHlJEBA - Cs. TiaHCHH XHneH)lapcKH H TpoHH ......................... 216
Eene)J(KH 3a asTopttTe ................................................................................................. 225
5
WPMXM Kl>M !IMt..fHOCTT A M llEIIOTO
HA OTEU nAMCMH
Baca Be11HHOBa, llnMHTbp neeB1
B nocJie;::i;HttTe ro.ll,HHH aBTopHTe Ha HacTO.HllI.OTO H3JIO)f<eHtte ttMaxa yJJ.o
soncTBHeTO H Bb3MO)KH0CTTa- BCeKH OT CB051 rne.uHa TOl.fKa H 33 pa3IIHYHM HCTOpH
'!eCK11 nep1101111 - 11a ce 3aHttMaBaT c npoy'IBaHe Ha crnpo6bnrapcK11Te npeso11H11 xpOHHKH. Bo.IJ,eHH OT y6e)K)],eHHeTo, qe K3KTO CaMaTa HCTOpHSI, TaKa H n11catteTo Ha
HCTOpH.SI e e)J,HHeH npou.ec c o6w.tt npas1111a H 33KOHOMepHOCTH, CMeTH3XMe, LJ:e
e,UHH norne,JJ, Bbpxy I1a11c11H OT nepcneKTHBaTa Ha TpaAHUilHTa 11 ttenpeKbCHaTHJI
HCTOpHorparjJCKH KOHTHH)'HTeT 611 CTIOMOrHaJl 3a TIO-a)leKB3THOTO Bb3TipHeMaHe Ha
T03H TOJlKOBa TI03HaT H B CbW.OTO speMe He)J,OCTa'Thl.fHO TI03HaT TeKCT.
l HcTopna c11aBHH06n11rapcKa na rpannaara Me;f(f(J! CpennoBeKOBHero H HoBoTo BpeMe
Tsop6aTa, c KO.HTC IlattcttH Xttnett.napCKH nocTaB.H ttat.IasroTo Ha npexo.1l,a KDM
MonepttaTa JlHTeparypHOCT, e ,,I1cTOpH51 cnaB5IH06bJlrapcKa". T5I e TeKCT, MapKHpaH
OT Ky1nypH11Te KOl\OBe Ha 11se enox11 - Cpe11HoBeKos11e 11 Bb3paJK11aHe. 113a11a ce BHHKHe B HeHHH5I cneu11¢11t.teH )KaHpOB MO.UeJl, e He06XO.UHMO .ua ce n03HaBa npe.u
XOJK)1al!1aTa H Tpa111111HH, 0Harne11eHa CbC cpe11HoBeKOBH11Te 11cTop11orpacpcK11 TBop611 - cseTOBH11Te xpoH11K112. Csoeo6pa3eH KnlO'I KbM pa36ttpaHeTO Ha cji11noco¢1151Ta Ha HCTOpH5ITa B Te3H TBOp6H H B xpHCTH5IHCKaTa Tpa.UHUH.H KaTO U51JIO e
611611ei1cK11HT pa3Ka3 3a npopoK ,[(aHHHll 11 Herosorn npopo'leCTBO 3a pe11ysaHeTO Ha t.J:CTHpHTe uapcTsa: BaBHJIOHCKOTO uapCTBO, M11.uo-CTepc11ficKOTO, rpbUKOTO H
PHMCKOTO, KOHTO CbCTaBJI5IBaT MaTpHUaTa Ha HCTOpH4eCKH5I npouec3• I1CTOpH51Ta
1 YBOAHHTe nyMH 11 qacT IV ca nHcaHH OT nsaMaTa asTOpH, qacT I e nHcaHa OT B. BenHHOBa, a 4acrn 11 H IJI - OT ):\. 11eeB.
2 3a reHe3Hca Ha cpenHoBeKOBHaTa xpHCTlUIHCKa xpottHKa BJK. Scott 1981: 61-73; Croke 1983: 116-131.
3 01ne B XpOHHKaTa Ha feoprH CHttKen, KOHTO Cb)lbpJKa t.IaCTH OT no-paHHaTa TBOpfia
Ha IOnHH AcflpHKaH en1130JlHTe c npopot.IeCTBOTO Ha ,ZJ.aHHHJI HMaT OTHornett11e He caMO KbM
OCMI1CJI»HeTO Ha HCTOpHHTa K3TO npouec, HO 11 KbM HRKOH acneKTH Ha neTo6poeHeTo. OcseH
TOBa HHKOH OT THX ca no6aseHH Ha cnaBHHCKa TlOt.IBa, sepOHTHO 3a ,ua ce nO.[l,l-IepTae saiKHa
pom Ha T03tt 6tt6nei1cKH nepcoHaJK. BJK. TornMaHOBa 2008: 456-457, 60-461. <l>myparn
19
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He ce cnyI..JBa KaTO nopeLI.HU,a OT Cb6HTHJI, Me)J<)l.y KOHTO CbI.UeCTByBa nptt4HHHO
cne.UCTBeHa Bpb3Ka, a KaTo peantt3aU,HJI Ha eLI,HH npe.LJ;sapHTeJlHO tt3pa6oTeH H npo
MttcneH MOLI.CJl.
0¢opMeHa Ha T0311 npttHu,11n, CBCTOBHaTa xpOHHKa CTaBa csemeHa 11CTOp1151
Ha 60)l<HH Hapo.u Ha 3eMHTa. B OCHOBHH JlHHHH TOBa onpeLI.eJlJI CIQ)J(CTa H KOMn0311-
U.HHTa Ha BCHKa OT)],CJlHa TBop6a (BbnpeKH 4e Te3H TepMHHH noHHKOra CbBCCM yc
JlOBHO ca npHJlO)J(HMH KbM HCTOpHLICCKHH HapaTttB), KOHTO 3aTI04Ba CbC CbTBO
peHHeTo Ha cseTa, npepa3Ka3Ba 6H6JleHcKaTa 11cTopttJ1 H LI.OCTttra no cbspervteHHaTa
Ha BCeKH asTop enoxa. HI-OaHCHTe B TbJTKysaHeTo Ha OT,UCJlHH Cb.Ubp)J(aTeJlHH eJle
MCHTH ca CBbp3aHH c KOHKpeTHH 00JlHTH4eCKH CHTyaU,HH 11 nopb411TCJlH.
BbnpocbT 3a peu,enQHJITa Ha s113aHT11HcKttTe xpoHHK11 B bb1lraptt51, 3a nptt
YHHHTe, 06yc110BHJ1H rIO.LJ;6opa Ha TBOp6ttTe, KOHTO ce npese)l(,[l;aT, 11 33 OTCbCTBHeTO Ha
opttrHHaJIHl1 TCKCTOBe, Ha TOBa HHBO Ha 11ne11re, BCbI.UHOCT HaMttpa OTrosop B caMaTa
TpaJ111L\11R. 3a 6h11rapcK0To o6llleCTBO npe3 srnparn no11os11Ha Ha IX 11 npe3 X B., Korarn
ce H3BbpWBa o¢ttU.HaJIHO xpHCTl1HHH33U,H5l.Ta, nbpsocreneHHa 3a,na4a e 6HJTo Ha6aBJIHCTO
Ha TeKCTOBe, KOHTO LI.a ¢opMttpaT pe11HfH03HH5I xpttCTHJIHCKH M11porne.LJ;.
Cs<111eTe11cTBaTa Ha 6h11rapcKaTa cpe11HoBeKosHa pbKon11cHa Tpa11HL\l1"
rIOKa3BaT, Ye HHTepecbT Ha crapo6bJirapcKHTe npeBOLI.3411 c 611JI CbCpeLI.OT04eH rJJaB
HO KbM CBeTOBHHTe xpoHHKH. Or U,JIJIOTO MHOroo6pa311e Ha BH3aHTHHCKH HCTOpH-
4CCKH Cb411HeHttJI s cpeLI.HOBeKOBHa Eb11rap11JI ca npese)K)l,aHH caMO xpoHttKHTe Ha
HoaH Ma.na11a (Kpa• Ha IX - HaY. Ha Xs.)4, Ha reoprn MoHaX AMaprn11, HO B pa3-
w11peHaTa sepCHH, KbM KOJITO e np116aBeH JJeTOTIHCCH pa3Ka3 Ha 6a3aTa Ha xpOHH
KaTa Ha CHMCOH JloroTeT 3a Cb6HTH•Ta 110 948 r.' (npes. c11e11 cp. Ha x B. 11 BTOpH
npeB0)1 OKOJlO cpe11aTa Ha XJV B.), Ha feoprn CHHKCJl (npeB. Kp. lia]X- Ha4. Ha X B.)6, KOJITO C'hLI.bp)Ka YacT11 OT He.LJ;ocr11rHa11a-ra LI.O Hae xpott11Ka Ha IOnttH A¢p11KaH, tta
CwMeOH JloroTeT (npes. XIV s.) H HoaH 3oHapa7 H KoHcTaHTHH MaHaC11i1 (XIV s.)8•
Ta3H H36HpaTCJ1HOCT e caMa no ce6e CH TIOKa3aTeJJHa 3a OTHOCHTCJTHaTa Cal\10CTOJl
TeJlHOCT Ha )KaHpa Ha CBCTOBHffra xpOHttKa 11 3a TOBa, Ye o6oco6.HBaHeTo Ha Tsop611re
B TeopeTH4CH rIJl3H HMa CBOeTO OCHOBaHHC. TJI 6tt Morna LI.a orrosopH 11 Ha Bbnpoca
Ha KaKBH noTpe6ttoCTH B 6bnrapcKOTO o6mecTBO ca orrosap51JJH TC3H reKCTOBe.
Bb3nptteMai1KH 11LI.eJ1ra Ha Btt3aHTHJI 3a s11aLI.eTe11cK0To ceMeHcTso 11 c11ttos
HaTa 004HT KbM saCHJJeBca9, 6b11rapCKHTe BJJaLI.CTCJIH ca Bb3TiptteM3J111 KOCBCHO 11
11)1,CHTa 3a YHHBepcaJIHaTa CBCil.(CHa TCOKpaTH4Ha ttMnepttJI, KbM KOJITO TC LI.yXOBHO
Ha npopoK ).:(aHHH11 Karo reHeparop Ha "11cropttqecK11 peanHoCTtt" e npencTaseHa 11 B anoKp11¢HaTa Tpa)lHU,1151, KOeTO CbIUO e KOCBeHo CBH)leTeJ1CTB0 3a 3Ha'-IeHHero Ha 11erOBHTe npe)lCKa3BaHHJI. B>K. TbnKOBa-3anMosa, MttnTeHosa 1996: 37-47.
4 H3!l. HcTpHH 1994. 5 H.3ll.. MaTseeHKO, llJ,eronesa 2006. 6 BJK. TomMaHoBa 2008. 7 BJK. Jacobc 1970. 8 Cpe)lHe6onrapcK11i1 nepeBO!l, 1988. 9 ITo T03H Bbnpoc CbIUeCTBysa 11311epnaTe11Ha 61161111orpa<f>HH. TyK 6ttxMe nocO'-IHJIH
caMo KJ1acHYecKOTO tt3C11enBaHe Ha KapaHHorry11oc 1990 H UHTHpaHaTa raM nttreparypa.
20
npttHa)J,JTe)KaT. HeHHaTa HCTOpHH e H TJIXHa csern.eHa HCTOpH51 B Kal.leCTBOTO HM Ha
xpttCTHJIHCKH sna.ueTeJTH. Ho 3a 11,neoJiorHJI Ha o6w.ecTBOTO e 611JI0 H)f)KHO He caMo
)l.a ce Bb3nptteMe MaTpHttaTa Ha CBeTOBHaTa HCTOpH51. Hy)KHO e 611110 TJI na ce oc
MHCJTH H npeBbpHe B HHCTpyMeHT, KOHTO na oc11rypH Bb3MO)KHOCTH 3a BMewa
TeJICTBO, 3a BrIHCBaHe H JTerHTHMHpaHe Ha npHCbCTBHeTO Ha HOBH Hapo,UH, CTHra Te
)l.a HMaT OCHOBaHHe 3a TOBa.
TibpBa e Bb3MO)KHOCTTa Cb6HTH51 OT co6CTBeHOTO MHH3Jl0 )],ace ,,BnttwaT" B
rrptteTaTa 3a e,UHHCTBeHO JTCfHTHMHa HCTOpH51. IlpHMepH OTT03H pon HH npe,UCTaB5IT
noBe4eTO npeBO)lHH xpoHHKH. ,l\o6aBKH, CBbp3aHH c 6bJJrapCK3Ta HCTOpHH, MaKap
11 LJeCTO CbBCeM KpaTKH, HMa s npeso,nHH51 TeKCT Ha XpoHHKHTe Ha feopr11 AMapTon
H Ha HoaH Manana. Oco6eHo OTLieTJTHBO e 3acTbneH T03H npouec Ha nerttTHMttpaHe
Ha 6bnrapcKaTa HCTOpHH s npeso)l.HaTa xpoHttKa Ha KoHcTaHTHH MaHacttH, Kb,UeTo
no6aBKHTe ca eKcueprr11paHH OT C3MOCTOHTeJlHO neTOrIHCHO CbLIHHeHHC H )J.OrIHCaHH
KbM OCHOBHH51 npeBO)l.eH TeKCT10• TaKa CBCTOBHaTa xpoHHKa H3ribJTH51Ba ¢YHKUH51Ta
Ha HHCTpyMeHT 3a nptt!l06HBaHe Ha onpe)leJJeH CTaTYT cpe!l L1apcrnarn " aJJa)le
TeJlHTe. TJI ce npeocMHCJTJI H npttno6ttsa 3HaLieHtteTo Ha ,,KBa3tt'~ 611611eHcKo LICTHBO,
33 KOCTO CBH)J.eTeJTCTBa H CJlaBHHCKOTO H33BaHHe Ha TeKCTOBCTC - QapocTaBHHK 11 , T.
e. HMnJJHL\Hpa ce Bpb3KaTa HM c 6116neliCKHTe KHHrn l_\apcrna.
HoaH Manana KottcTaHTHH Manacuii naucuil ll,o6pe H nOJTCJHO e ;:i:a p:u- I1 Tbi1 KaTO TH, KOH.To ce 3HaHHCTO 3a nemaTa, CTa
Ka)f{a H 33 OllOBa, KOCTO npe- !'PH)f{HlU 3a 11pouDtjlT5JBa11c- IHUH1 OTJl.aBHa Ha T03H CB51T,
JlH MeHe B MoHceesttTe xpo- TO Ha CJJoBoTo, no)KeJTa Jta H 3a Jle51HH51Ta Ha JKHBCJlttTe
HorpacflH e JanHCaHO, B TBOp- HMaW .upeBHHTC 11HCaJHl51 - Ha 3CMHTa c He caMO 110JIC3-
6HTC Ha AtjlpHKaH, EBcCBHH HO no6pe no;:i:pcncH11, pa.3611- HO, 110 H TBbpJl.e no-rpc6Ho,
H nas3aHHi1, ll,HJ.lHM H Teo- paCMH H 51CHO H3Jl0)J{CHH - 3a _ruo60MbJlpH ~IHTaTCJlfO. . ..
qi11n, KJlHMCHT H ll,Honop H Hpe1u1wHHTC BJlailCTCJIH H 0TKbJle we 11pHno611c1u 3Ha
M11oro Jl.pyrH xpOHHCTH. llH- TCXHHTC 3aBOCBa!IH51, KOH ca HHC Ja HewaTa, aKO He OT
CaJIH npCJlH MCHC. l1 a3 n~e TC H KOJIKO J'OllHllH ca uapy- OHC3H, KOHTO O!lHCaxa )1C51-
pa3Ka)J{a 33 neHCTBHTCJIHO
cJ1y'-ltt1n1 ce He111a, 33 y•1acrra
H BpCMCTO Ha uapere - HC
K3M na KmKa 3a Cb6HTH51Ta OT
A.naM no 3HHOH H uapysaJIH
Tc cJICJl Hero. Xy6aso 6H 611-
JJO, aKO H CJlCJl MCH ce 3an11-
1.naT CJlY'-IHJH:ITC ce 110-KbCHO
neJia. VI TaKa cnopen 11HcaJ111-
TC 11pCJlH MCHC CBCTOBHOTO
6ttTHC c CJIC)lHOTO (UHT. cno
pe)l H3)laHHCTO Ha TCKCTa Ha
XpoH11KaTa OT VlcTpHH 1994: 5).
BaJIH, HHC npHCXMe Te)J{CC
THTC Ha Ta3H pa6oTa, Bbnpe
KH '-IC T51 c 6aBHa H Tpynua.
CT11caHOTO OT MH03HHa aBTO
pH H JICTOTIHCl!H, npeilCTaB51-
WH ce 3a .uo6pH noJHaBa'-IH,
HC ce CbrJJacyBa noMCIKJlY CH
H HC OTrOBap51 Ha HCTHHaTa,
3aTOBa cnope;1 CHJIHTC CH we
HanpaBHM 33 Te6 C)lllO TO'-IHO
H npaB)lHBO 011HC3HHC Ha MH
HaJIOTO (UHT. cnopcn CHII0-
11aJIHH51 npcn11c Ha xpo11tt
KaTa OT 1344-45 r., H3.ll.
CpeiJue60.T12apcKuii nepeaoiJ, 106).
'° Kai1MaKaMoBa 1983: 123-178.
HH51Ta Ha T03H CB51T. I1 Bb
npeKH '-IC HC )J{HB}!Xa llbJlro,
3ail(OTO HHKOMY He ce .uap51Ba
JlbJJbr JKHBOT, Ja JlbJlrO spe
Me OCTaBHXa nHCaHJ.151 3a TH}!
He111a. ... [ETo 3awo J CMC
npHHYJlCHH Jla TIOllbJIBaMe
llC.UOCTHra Ha co6CTBCHHTC
CH J'O)lHHH c ~ICTCHC Ha npes
HH JieTOilHCH H .na o6oraT51Ba
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3HaHHC (UHT. cnope11 KpHTH
'-ICCKOTO H3,IlaHHe Ha DaHCHC
BaTa HCTOpH51 - !1CJ16, 1 a).
11 TaKa e HapeYetta Hanp. XpottttKaTa Ha KoHcTaHTHH MaHacHH s 6enemKa KbM cpb6-
CKlUt npenHc Ha cpe.utto6bnrapcKH51 npeBoll,. Bm. Cpe.utte6onrapcKttH nepeson. 1988: 95.
21
BTopoTo c11e;::i:cTs11e OT 3aJJO:iKeHHTe s xpoHHKaTa Bb3MO)KHOCTH e cflyHKUHO
HaJJHOTO H H3JJ.HraHe s HepapxH»Ta Ha cpeJl.HOBeKOBHttTe )l{aHpose s Eb11rap1151 Jl.O
TOJJKOsa, 4e )],ace Bb3npHeMe KaTo HapaTHBett aHaJJor Ha CTap11s 3aser, ocso6o;::i:eH
OT CTpOrHTe KaHOHH4HH H3HCKBaHHJI KbM OCHOBHHH XHnepTeKCT Ha xpHCTHHHCKaTa
KyJJrypa H 3aTOBa IJO-M06HJJeH, HO comespeMeHHO nocTaTbl.fHO KOHCepsaTHBeH, 3a
,11a Cbxpa1111 11cT1111arn 3a qosewKarn 11cTop11H. HeKa ,1106as11M KbM rnsa 11 o6-CT051TencTBOTo, 4e Cb6HTH51Ta B xpOHHKttTe ce KOHCTpyHpaT BHHartt OKOJIO J1H4HOCITa
Ha BJia)l.eTeJ151 KaTo HaMeCTHHK Ha Eor Ha 3eMHTa H llJ,e HMaMe IlbJIHaTa KapTHHa Ha
e)],HH MOll{eH Jl.HJl.aKTI-11IeH HHCTpyMeHT, KOi1TO OHar11en51sa BH)lHMHTe npOHBJieHHH
Ha HeBHJl.HMaTa BOJIH Ha Cb3,UaTeJIH H H MaTepHaJIH3Hpa B o6pa3HTe Ha xpHCTHHHCKHTe
s11aL1,eTen11.
B KOHTeKcTa Ha H3JIO)KeHHTe Jl.O TYK Ha6nIO,neHitH CbsceM HCHO ce OYepTasaT
0He3H )KaHpOBH 6eJie3H, KOHTO ca CbXpatteHH B HaTIHCaHaTa OT TiattcHM HCTOpHH H
KOHTO 51 o6sbp3BaT c TpanttUHHTe Ha cseTOBHHTe cpe,UHOBeKOBHH xpOHHKH.
Ha nbpso MHCTO, rnsa e p11rnp114HllHT yso,11, no11y41111 rpaJK,11a11crnettocT c npHBHeceHOTO OT CbBpeMeHHHTe npeso.n.aYH 3ar11as11e ,,3a nOJJ3aTa OT HCTOpH51Ta".
Tio,11061111 Ha ,1106pe 06y'!elll!Te 8 oparnpCKll WKOJlll CBOll npe,11wecrneHlll.\H, KOllTO 3a,[l,bJI)KHTeJlHO o651CHJIBaT H MOTHBHpaT pewetttteTO CH )],3 pa3Ka)K3T HCTOpHHTa Ha
cseTa, CTaHcttH o6»CHHBa s eMOUHOHaJieH, p11Top1-rYeCKH yKpacett 11 cbmespeMeHHO
Jl.OCTbneH TOH CBOJI H36op (TYK HHMa na ce attaJlH3Hpa BbllpOCbT 3a BJIHJIHHeTO Ha
H3BOpttTe, £10Jl3BaHH OT TiaHcttH):
CbwespeMeHHO owe s yso1111arn '!aCT ce pa3BHsa cpe,11HoseKosHaTa 11,11eH 3a Jl.BttraTeJIJI Ha HCTopHYeCKHTe cn6HTHJI - Eo)l{ttJIT npoMHCbJI, KOHTo e e;:i;HHCTBeHaTa
H BbpXOBHa C3HKUHH 3a JierHTHMHOCITa Ha BCJIKO Cb6HTHe:
).J;HBHH ca Eo)KHHTe cb.n6H H HeH3cne.nHMa 6e3.nHa e HerosaTa BOJIH (no P11M
11 :33, cps. flc 35:7, 11c 28:29 12) np11 ynpaBJlOHllOTO Ha T03H CBHT H npo
MHCbJibT, c KOHTO pbKOBO.IlH uapcTsaTa B Hero - pa3.nasa rH, npoMeHH r11,
npe.nasa rH [OT pbKa Ha pbKa]; KoraTO HCKa, rH nory6sa l1 OTHOBO r11 Bb3-
CTaHOBHBa." (lfCJ16, 26)
U:ttTaTbT pa3Kpttsa THIJHYHH51 MOHaweCKH Bb3fJJeJl. 3a MexaHH3MHTe, KOHTO
)J;BH)l{aT CBeTOBHaTa HCTOpH51 H TOH HaIJbJIHO cpo.n;Hsa TiattcHH c HeroBHTe npen
weCTBeHHUH, KJiaCHYeCKH cpe,n;HOBeKOBHH HCTOpttorpacfltt.
Brnp11HT MoMeHT, pa3KpHsaw re11ern'!Harn Bpb3Ka Ha TiaHcHeBaTa 11cTop11H
CbC cpe,llHOBeKOBHaTa xpOHHKa e H36paHllHT OT XHJ1eH,11apCKllH MOHaX ornpaBeH
MOMeHT 3a HCTOptt4eCKHTe Cb6HTH5::1. Tsop6aTa 3an0Ysa OT BceMttpHHJI noron H
Cb6HTH51Ta cnen KaTo Hott 11 CHHosere MY cTasaT rocno.n;ap11 Ha 06e311IO,IJ.eHaTa or
Eo)l{tteTo ttaK33atttte 3eMJI. KaKTO seYe cnoMettaxMe, s KJiac114ecKHJ1 c11 sapHaHT
cseTOBHaTa xpottttKa 3anoqsa c pa3Ka3 3a CbTBopeHHeTo, npe)l,a,IJ.eH nose4e HJIH no
MaJlKO no,11po6Ho, npeM11Hasa npe3 HCTopHHTa 3a rpexona,11eHHern Ha A11aM 11 Esa,
12 ll,HTaTttTe OT E116111111Ta ce JJ.aBaT cnope.n H3JI,atttteTo Ha Ce. CttHO.Il tta EDU, OT
1925 r.
22
6parny611iiCTBOTO Ha Ka11H 11 .uenarn Ha npapo111<Ten• Ha Hoii - C11T. To311 .upeseH
nJiaCT Ha HCTOpHJITa e rrponycHaT OT CTattcHM H Hei1HOTO HaY.aJIO e nocTaBeHO B
MOMeHTa c T.Hap. )J.HaMepH3MOC-pa3rrpeJJ,eJUIHe Ha TepttTOpttttTe Ha Il03HaTHH Torasa
CBHT MelK.lly c11HoseTe Ha Hoii -C11M, XaM, J!cjieT, KaTO ce .uasaT no11po6H11 on11caH11H
Ha BJia,UeHHHTa HM (T03H errH30JJ. e xapaKTepeH 3a Hai1-paHHHTe CBeTOBHH xpoHH
Kl1 - AneKcaH11p11iicKaTa, VI s. 11 Ha i1.oaH Manana, VI s. 13). Cne.usa pa3Ka3bT 3a BaBH
noHcKoTo CThnnornopeH11e 11 pa311enHHeTO Ha e3111.111Te. C .upyrn 11yM11, ome s Ha'!a-
110To ctt HcTopttHTa Ha CTa11c11i1 CKHU.ttpa Ha MaKpOHHBO KOMfl03HUHOHHaTa cxeMa
Ha cseTOBHaTa xpoHHKa. E11611ei1cKHHT pa3Ka3 e no3so111111 Ha asTopa ,r:i;a tt3se.ne
po11ocnos11em Ha 6nnrap11Te OT Haii-.upeBHH speMeHa speMeHa 11 no T0311 Ha'!11H .ua
o6octtose H nerttTHMttpa npttcocTBHeTo HM Ha ttcToptt4ecKaTa cuetta. CseTOBHaTa
HCTOpH51 e H3ITOJI3BaHa KaTO HHCTpyMeHT no CbllJ.HH HaYHH, no KOi1TO ca 51 ITOJI3BaJIH
cpe)IHOBeKOBHl1Te 6nnrapCKl1 KHl1lKOBHl11.111 - ry KaTO onpe.uenHT 6nnrap1-1Te 3a no
TOMUH Ha BOi1HHTe Ha AxttJl, TY KaTO 3anttCBaT CBOHTe no6e)J.H B CbOTBeTHHTe HC
TOpH4eCKH MOMeHTH.
Pa3Ka3aHHTe cne.u TOBa 11CTOpH'leCKH Cn611Tl1H B I1a11c11esarn 11CTOpHH O'lep
TaBaT .upyra nOCOKa - TOBa e nnTHT Ha co6crneHO 6nnrapcKaTa 11crnp11•, HO npeg
CTaBeHa TaKa, KaKTO ce e npe.JJ.CTaBHJia e)J,HHCTBeHO Bb3M0)1(HaTa HCTOpH51 - Ha xpHc
TH51HCKHH CBHT. BcomHocT cJie.JJ. Kpaa Ha enH30.JJ.a coc CTu11noTsopett11eTo H pa.JMec
saHeTo Ha e3HIJ,HTe flaHcHH H3WJJ10 npoMeHH KOHUenryaJIHHH CH MO)J,eJT 3a HCTOpHHTa.
Ha MHCTOTO Ha Mo.uena Ha pe11ysam11Te ce 1.1apcrna 3acrnsa 11crnp11•rn Ha 6nn
rapcKoTO 1.1apcrno 11 110 Kpa• Ha rnop6arn He HanycKa 11cTop11qecKarn c1.1eHa. TaKa, 3ana3sa!1K11 cjiopManHo lKaHpos11• Mo.uen Ha cpe11HoseKOBHarn xpoH11Ka,
flaHCHH ro H3rTbJIBa c HOBO Cb.JJ.bp)f(aHHe, 3a )l,a peaJIH3Hpa e)l,Ha OCHOBHa cnopeJ],
Hae H)l,eH -TO Bae IlbJIHOTO eMaHUHrIHpaHe Ha 6b11rapcKaTa HCTOpHH OT oneKaTa Ha
H!{eHTa 3a TeoKpaTH4HaTa HMrrepHH H 0Cb3HaBaHeTO Ha CTOHHOCTTa Ha co6CTBeHOTO
11cTop114ecKo 611T11e. B pe3y11TaT cseTOBHaTa xpott11Ka CTasa 6onrapcKa, aKT, KoHTo
611 611n HeM11cn11M npe3 Cpe11HoseKos11ern. Pe11111.1a 6ene311 Ha asrnpcKOTO nosecTsosattHe CBHJJ,eTeJicTBaT 3a Ta.JH npoMHHa Ha )Kattpa rro comecTBO, npH 3ana.JBaHe
Ha cjiopManH11Te MY oco6eHocT11: ocseH en11M11H11paHeTO Ha 1111e•rn 3a pe11ysal.l.(11Te
ce u.apCTBa, flaHCHH HCHO pa3J].eJIH CBeTCKaTa HCTOpHH OT UbpKOBHaTa - OT!{eJIHO e
pa3Ka3aHa non11T11'1eCKaTa HCTOpHH, B OT)lenHa '!aCT ca 1136poeHl1 6nnrapCKHTe
CBeTu,H; .n.o6aBH BTOpHH CH npeJJ,rosop KbM 4HTaTeJIJI, KOH.TO noMeCTBa U,HJIOTO
Cb4HHeHHe B KOHKpeTeH HCTOpH4eCKH H ITOJTHTHLJeCKH KOHTeKCT. EJIHMHHHpaHeTO
u Cpe. HcTpHH 1994: 6-7. Pa3611pa ce, 11 l)'K comecrsetto 3HaYeHHe HMa 113non3ea
Hi-u1r OT Tia11cttH ocHoeeH tt3eop - HcTopHHTa Ha cJiaBJIHHTe OT Maepo Op6HHtt. He 6Hea
o6aYe .ua ce npette6perea KYJITYPHOHCTopttYecKttHT $aKT, Ye ttMeHHO 6116JieI1cKH}IT pa3Ka3
3a pa3,UeJIHHeTO Ha 3eM.HTa Me:>KJlY HoeBHTe CHHOBe (T.Hap. Jl,ttaMepH3MOC) OCTaea B OCHO
BaTa Ha 3ana.uHoeeponeHcKOTO e3ttK03HaHHe or PettecaHca noYTH JlO cpe.uaTa Ha XIX e.,
T.e . .uo Cb3JJ,aeaHeTo Ha IIIKOJittTe Ha cTpyKrypaJIHOTO e3HK03Hatt11e. Bm. OJiaH.uep 2006: 24-89.
23
Ha ttaL£a11HHJI pa3Ka3 3a CbTBopeHHeTo Ha cseTa cnope.u Hae CblUO e o6ycnosetto OT
cxsaw:aHeTo Ha aBTopa, LJ:e Ta3H LJ:aCT OT CBeTOBHaTa HCTOpHH e CBbp3aHa c 6oro
cnyMeHHeTo (,II,OKOJIKOTO OTKbCHTe OT KHHra £HTHe ce LfeTaT no speMe Ha 6oro
cJiy)KeHtteTo npe3 _BeJIHKHH OOCT) H He orrosapH Ha nocnaHHHTa, 3aJIO)I(CHH B He
roBaTa HCTOpHH. Open Hae e HaJittu;e e.r:tHH npouec Ha npeocMHCJIHHe Ha cpenttose
KOBHH51 )KaHp, HO Ha 3ana3BaHe Ha Kynryptttt51 MY KO,II,, KOHTO sep051THO ce e
Bb3IlptteMaJI KaTO aBTOpHTeTeH cpe.n; LfHT3TCJ1HTe Ha Ta3H KHttra H Bee ome e HOCeJI
CBoero OOCJI3HHe - C)lHHCTBCHO tt36paHHTC OT 6ora Hapo;::i:H HMaT csoe co6crse1-10
HCTOpH'!eCKO 611T11e. Il01l06H11 np11Mep116bJirapcKaTa JIHTeparypHa HCTOpHH Il03Hasa
Oil\e npe3 XVI s. c >IUITHHTa Ha cseTl\HTe OT Cocp11ttcKOTO cpe1111ll1e, KaKTO H npe3
XVII 11 XVIII crnneT11e, Korarn TpallHl\HOHHH JKaHpose Ha l\npKOBHOTO KpacHope'!He
HaBJIH3aT B 611ra Ha xopara L£pe3 .n.aMacKHHHTe; Koraro B copu,esttttara Ha ar11orpa
¢11•rn ce pruK11a cBeTcKaTa 611orpacp11»; KOraTO anoKpHcjJHH TeKCTOBe, HerJIHJKHpaHH
or LI;bpKsaTa, np11.n.0611BaT npe3 Bo3pa)f()],aHero asTopttreTHOCT H nony11Rpttocr, KaK
BaTo He ca HMaJIH HHKOra npe,uH TOBa.
II. IlaHcHii, npoHryMeH xm1eHL1apcKH
BnnpOCbT KaKbB e 6HJI na11c11i1 H OTKb)1e e p0!10M OT)1aBHa e npe11MeT Ha
CBbp3aHHTC C Hero HayL£HH ,Ll.HpeHHH y Hae. CTo 0080)]. Ha pO)lHOTO MHCTO CMJITaM, LJ:e
npH HaJIHLfHHTe .n.aHHH KaKTO H3BOpOBe,II,CKH, TaKa H JlHHfBHCTHLJ:eCKH, He MO)KC ,ua
ce na,a,e C.[(H03HaLJ:eH OTrOBOp Ha T03H Bbnpoc14. ,[{pyrHHT BaJKCH Bbnpoc, CBbp33H c
JlHLJ:HOCITa Ha naHCtti1, Kacae 3HaL£eHHCTO Ha OOHHTHCTO npouzyMell H Ha Hero me
ce cnpa no-no11po6Ho . .[(11M11np Map11Hos, I.111THpai1K11 nereH.uapHOTO csernropcKo
rrpenatttte 3a fiaHcttH, nttwe cne.[(HOTO: ,,CJ1i3Jlb OTJIHLIHOTO CBbprnsaHe tta Y4HJ1H
il1eTO ( cTasa .uyMa 3a ArnHcKarn aKa)lCMHH Ha E. Bynrap11c - cse.ueH11eTO e nreH.uapHo
- 6en. ,[{.IT.), ITattcH 6HJTb pNiKOOOJJO)KCHb HepO./lHKOHb, a CKOpo no rosa, Karo nOL£H
HaJib .uoTorasawHH» ynpasHTeJih Ha X1-rneH.uapn (HryMeHn H'EMano), crnpl\HT'E H3-
6pan11 3a TaKbBb IlaHCHCBHH 6pan JiaspeHnrn, a IlaHCHH 3a npo11ryMCHb HflH BTOpH
en11Tponn." ('-111T. no l1BaHOB 1914: XVII). CaMHHT Hop.uaH l1saHos no noso.u Ha
npouzyMeH nttwe: ,,Tttrnara ObKb ,,npoHf)'MCHb" rosoptt 3a rorasawttara ( 1761 r.) HJlH
no-paHwHa 1136opHa en11TponcKa .UJibJKHOCTb Ha Ila11cH». Bn X11neH.uapn, rnrasa
MOHacrnpb H)l110p11TbMb, KaKbBTO e H cera (1914 - 6eJI . .[(.Il.), Cb60pbTb Ha CTap
IJ,HT'B BC'BKa ro.u11Ha ctt e 1136ttpa11b ynpasHre11Ho TilJIO OTb no rp11Ma enttrpona,
C,IJ,HHb OTb KOHTO ,,H3CT051TeJJbTb" e H30bJIH51B3Jlb .IJ.Jlb)KHOCTbTa Ha ,,HryMeHb", 6e3b
o6aqe 0¢11u;11anHo ,IJ,a ce e TttrynyBa110 TaKa, KaKTo ryH crasa Bb o6w:e)KHTeJJHHTi3
(KHHOBHaJIHH) MOHacrnp11. En11Tpon11T'E 3anaesan11 Cil'EJ:lb orrerJIHHeTO c11on11JlblK
HOCTb J:lO)!(HBOTHa rnrna npo11ryMeHb." (l1BaHoB 1914: XXVI, cps. 11 CHerapos 1962: 420, M11nes 1962: 405). Cnil\HHT o6pnil\a BHHMaH11e H Ha cjlaKTa, Ye Ila11c11i1 ce e
"nocJICllHO no Bbnpoca Bl!(. ,[lewosa 2012, cps. 11 CHerapos 1962, Kosayes 1962 11
nocolleHaTa raM 6116n11orpacfJ11JI.
24
nOJI3BaJI c rOJIHMO nosepHe H ysmKeHHe cpen 6paTCTBOTO, Th:H KaTO MY e noBepeHo
na nonyYH Hacne.ucTBOTO Ha noYHHaJIHH B CpeMCKH KapnOBUH x1111eH.uapcK11 11ryMeH
repacHM (HsaHOB 1914: XXIV H Cll.). nocne)\eH YiBaH Pa11eB o6bpHa BHMMaHHe,
'le B XttneH11ap npe3 XVIII H XIX B. HMa TBbpl\e MHOro 3acstt11eTencrnaHtt B 110-
KyMeHTHTe npo11ryMeHH H H3Ka3a MHeHtteTO, ye e,n,Ba ITH npottryMeHHTe ca 6111111 Ha
H3KJll04HTeJTHa 004HT, KaKTO o6HKHOBeHO ce ThJlKyBa THTJlaTa B CBbp3aHttTe c
CTattcttii mcne11saHtt• (Pa11es 2012: 66-72). H36poeHHTe MHeHH•, KOHTO B ocHosarn
CH He CH npOTHBOpeqaT, TI04HBa'r Ha pa3npocTpaHeHOTO MHeHHe, qe B H.[.(HO
pHTMHYHHTe MaHaCTHPH ttryMeHbT e HOMHH8JTHa )J,Jlb)l{HOCT H ce H36ttpa 3a KpaTbK
neptto.D,, c11en KOCTO HfyMeHbT CTaBa npoHryMeH. _np11 TOBa TOH e HaCT051TeJT H
ocjlHUHanHo He ce Tm-ynysa 11ryMeH. OT 11pyra cTpaHa o6a4e HMaMe cse11eH11• 3a
x11nettnapcKH 11ryMeHH npe3 nocoLieHHH nep11on, caMHHT na11c11H n11we np•i 11r~1nfHd
11drtpfH·1'id &pd'l'd Mofro e,A,11t10Mdrr1lp~HdPO 11 C'l'd\HlllUdro it1ft1e. IloY11HaJitt5IT B CpeMCKH
KapllOB!jH repacttM CblI.lO e XHJleH11apCKH HryMeH (HsaHOB 1914: XXlll). BCblI.lHOCT
He e Bb3MO)l<HO B enHa Tpat:u1UHOHHa cTpyKrypa, KaKBaTo ca CseToropcKttTe Ma
HaCTttp11, .D,OpH 11 BbB BpeMeHa Ha H)J,HOpHTMH51, JJ,a H51Ma OTKOJTeWHa JJ,peBHa 11 YTBbp
)\eHa OT 11peBHHTe MOHawecKH ycrnsH THTJla Karn HryMeH. He Tp•6sa 11a 3a6pas•Me
Cbll.lO H ycJTOBHOCTTa Ha TO Ba KaKBO ce e CM51T8J10 38 oc}lttUHaJIHO TOfaBa H B OHC3H
yCJ10BH51 H KaKBO HHe B MOMeHTa onpeJJ,eJI51Me KaTO TaKOBa. Ha:H-JlOfH4HO H3rJTe)l{)J,8
o651CHeHtteTO, Ye THTJlaTa e HOMHHaJIHa, KOeTO o6aYe He 03HaYaBa, l.fe Ha ttryMeHHTe
Hee 61111a 3acs11JJ,eTe11CTBaHa cpopMantta nol.fHT 11 yBa)KeHtte. 3a TO Ba KOH e JJ,bp)l{aJI
peanHaTa BJiaCT B MaHacTttpa, Ille cTatte JJ,yMa no-,noJiy. Bcbw,HocT cseJJ,eHHHTa Ha
H. HsaHoB 11 ,[I. MapHHOB ca no4HBaJlH Ha peanHarn cHryaui-rn B X11neH11ap B Ha4a
J10TO Ha xx B. H BepoHTHO Ha CTIOMCHHTe Ha rIO-CTapttTe MOHaCH. <DaKT e o6a4e, qe
MelK,!\y speMeTO Ha CTaHCJ.lH H Ha'laJlOTO Ha xx B. HMa 6JlH30 CTO H neT11eceT fO)\HHH.
Do-MepoJJ,aBHH B Haw1151 c11yYaH ca TibTHHTe 6eJie)l{KH Ha pycKH51 asaHTIOp11cT 11
nbTewecTBeHHK BacHllHH fpHroposHY-EapcKH, OTpa3HBawH c11ryauH•rn BbB BenH
Karn Jlaspa npe3 J 745 r.: 2) HryMeHH TaMO Hi> cyTb scer;::i:awHH, 5IKO)f(e 6Hxy .npesHe, HO t:JaCTo
npeMi>IH51IOTC5I: HHHbitl: 60 Bb J.J.Ba 111111 TPH Mi3C51Uhl, HHHb!tl: )f(e Bb n5ITh, weCTb
HJlH OCMb, MaJlO w:e KTO 6b!Baen Ha 11ryMeHCTBi3 r0J.J.b. Ce w:e 6bJBaeTh TaKOBOtl:
pa;::i:H BhJHH. 06bI4atl: HMYTb Hal.faJlHiH MOHaCTHpa, ame KTO OTh iepOMOHaXOBb
MOHaCTHpCKHXb H3iHJ.J.eTh Bb MHpb TPHW:J.J.H HJlH l.feTHpH)l(J.J.H, H nocJiy)l(HTh
MOHaCTHpesi> BilpHO l1 TW.aJIHBO, CH ecn npHHeCeTb Bb MOHaCTblpb MH
JIOCTHHlO J.J.0BOJ1Hy, TaKOBaro BCH co6opoMb nocTaBn5IIOTb HryMeHOMb, Bb
6naro.napcTsie Tpy.nosb ero, .n:a npot:JiH, JKe11aIOW,H TaKosoH l.feCThI, TW,aTC»
KopHCTh noJ.J.06ey10 TBOpHTH 0611Te11i3. Er.n:a )Ke, no nocTasneHiH HryMeHa, no
c11yYaIO HHHhlii TaKO)l():(e Cb noJ.J.06Hh!Mb KOJlHLieCTBOMb MHJIOCTHHhl npiH.n:e,
TOfJ].a, no J.J.BOIO HJIH Ypiexb Mi>CHUetl:, npe1K11.H51f0 HH3JlaraIOTh, H Hosaro Ha
CTaBJifllOTh, Hw:e TaKO)l(J.J.e CTOHTh .n:o speMeHH, llOHeJli>)l(e npitl:J].eTb naKH
HHHhiif TaKO)l(J.J.e H npeMi>HHTh era. EhIBWiH w:e HryMeHH HMeHyIDTCfl OTh HHXb
npOHryMeHhl, H TaKOBhl Bb MOHaCTHpi> cyn MHOrhI, H BH13 MOHaCTHpa, Bb
pa3JIH4HHXb rpa,ni3Xb, o6al.fe HMb Bb MOHaCTHpi> eCTb l.feCTb 6onwa.H BHi>illHan,
25
He)KeJIH HryMeHy. MryMeHb 60 HH '-IHMb He sna.u'EeTb, TOLfiJo rrepBeHCTByen
Bb uepKB'E Ha ITi>HiH l1 Bb Tpane31J TaKO)KJle, Bb co6op1> )Ke H C0Bi3T11 HXb
CJIOBO neps"ttiwoe, l1 noeJIHKY KTO ecTb Bb MOHaCTHpi>, nOTOJIHKy Bb co6op1>
H CJIOBO ero 4eCTHO. I1po11ryMeHOBb )Ke y)Ke CHJIO!O BH'B MOHaCTHpi> Ha no
cnywaHie He nocHJiaIOTh, tto MonettieMb, arn,e ecTb ern,e MJia.Ilb 11 CHJiettb, awe
)Ke HH, Tor.ua .IlO CMepTH C"E.IlHTb Bb MOHaCTHpi3, Cb l.feCTilo H .IlOBOJICTBOMb
H)')K.IlHbTXb Ti311-tcttbrxo. C11ue )Ke TBOpHTb 11 Bb BCi3Xb CBHTOropcKHXn MO
ttacT11paxo. 3) On npottryMettosb s"tpHi>rlwaro H 611cTpoyMHi>i1waro no
CTaBJIHI-OTh CKesoQn111aKOMb, I1 eMy BC'B Tai1ttil1 I1 .upari11 BeWbl MOHaCTHpcKiH
spy4a10Tb, H see COKpOBHllle H .ueHrbI, I1 TOH sna.u"EeTb BCi>Mb MOHaCTHpeMb
Bb BHi3wtteH s11acTb1: cTpottTb, noseniisaeTO, onpaBJJHeTh, Ha nocnywattie
noc1111aeTb, Kb .Ili>JlaMb BCi>Xb npHH)')K.IlaeTb pa60THHKOBb, ne4eTCH 0 O.Ilii)l{.Ile
nocnywttHKOBb y6orb1Xn (npo4iH )Ke caMhI BCHKb OTb csoero JsattiH HJitt
pyKO.Il'BJiiH neqeTc». Htt4TO)Ke 60 TaMo 6paTi11 He .uaeTc» Bb ro.un, TOlfiI-O
caH.IlaJliH l1 MaJIO nnaTHa Ha XHTOHb ); fJel!eTC5I 0 .uattexn TypeUKHXb, 0 .IlOXO.IlaXb
11 pacxo.uaxb MOHaCTHpCKHXb, Kb pa3JIH4Hb!Mb JIHU.aMb Bb BCH cTpaHHbl
oTBi>TCTsyeTh 11 o sc"Exb HY:m:.IlHbIXh semexo rrone4ettie HMaTh. C11os0Mn peuu1,
BJlaCTb Bb MOHaCTHpi3 6onwaH BCi>Xb, HO I1 TPY.Ilb TaKO)KJlC 6onrni11 BCi>Xb.
Cero y6o awe o6pnwyn MHOrbIMH Jii>TH qenoseKa si3ptta, Tman11sa H no11-
3y1owa 0611TeJ1b, OCTaBJIHI-OTb ero Ha CHU.eBOMb 3BaHiH .ua)Ke .IlO CMepTbI (pa3Bi3
awe CaMb He CXOlll,eTb), awe iKe HH, HO np0Tl1BHO, Tor.ua SCH co6opoMb
HH3JiaraI-OTb H HHaro ITOCTaBJIHI-OTb. C11ue )Ke TBOp5ITb H Bb npo4iHXb 6oJIIIIl1Xb
MOHaCTHpnxb; Bb MaJiblXb )Ke 4aCTOe npi3MeHettie Jll1Ub 6b1saeTh, pallH
tteTIOCTOHHCTBa HXb, 11 orry,n,y MOHaCTHpCMb y6ttTOKb Ii nary6a ITOCJTil)lyeTb.
Ame )Ke no CJIYlfaI-O HryMeHb yMpeTh, un11 tta o.rrpii HeMowetto Jie)KHTb, TorLJ,a,
ynpasJieHin pall,H 4l1HY uepKOBHaro, OTb npottryMeHOBb IIOCTasnneTCH llHKeH,
.no speMeHbl, )1.0HeJii3)Ke I1Jll1 HryMeHb 031{pasieTh, l1Jll111HHbIH, OTb MI1JIOCTl1Hl1
nospaTHBIIIiHcH ITOCTaBHTCH. (EapcKU, 66--67)
Tosa on11caH11e o651cHnsa MHoro no-T04HO 11 HenpoTHBOpe4HBO HaJIH4HHTe
cse,o;eHHR 3a cttryaQH51Ta no speMeTo Ha ITaHc11H. BcbW,HOCT HalllH5IT HCTopHK e
CTaHaJl XHJieH)J.apcKH npo11ryMeH Bep051THO OKOJIO neTHa,UeCeTHHa fOJ];HHH cne,o;
nocememiern Ha EapcKH Ha Csern ropa. OnHcaHHeTO Ha pycKHR TibTewecTBeHHK
ofocHRBa H ro11RMOTO KOJlHYecTBo npoHryMeHH Ha Arntt npe3 XVlll s. BcbmHOCT
MaHaCTHpCKH51T Cb6op, CbCT0511U ce OCHOBHO OT npoHryMeHH, ,o;ei1CTBHTeJIHO ce H36H
pa BC51Ka rOJJ;HHa, HO TOBa He MO)l(e ,o;a 6b,o;e 3a.QOBOJ1HTeJIHO o6HCHeHtte 3a roJieMH51
6poii Ha npoHryMeHHTe npe3 OTIHCBamrn nepllOA, ThH KaTO npH ll36opa Cb6opbT He
ce rrpoMeH51 H3U.HJIO, HanpoTHB, o6ttKHOBeHo ce cMeHRT e,o;HH ,o;o ;:i;BaMa AYlllH, a
qecTo nbTH CbcTaBbT MY ocTasa ttenpoMeHeH. ITorne,o;HaTa OT Ta3H nepcneKTHBa,
J1H4HOCTTa Ha ilaHCHi1 np11,o;o611sa nJibT H peaJIHH OYepTaHH51. OT OITHCaHHeTO Ha
EapcK11 npoll3THYaT HRKOJlKO salKH11 ll3BOAa: 1) Ila1Jc11ii e 61111TaKc1111110T11 npeAH
1761 H e Ha6aB51J1 3Ha"4HTeJIHH npHXO.UH 3a MaHaCTHpa CH, KaTo C'bOTBeTHO rrpe,o;H
Ta31111arn e CTaHaJl 11ryMeH, peen. 11 npo11ryMett; 2) npe3 1761 r., KoraTo IlaHc11ii e
s CpeMCKll Kap110BL\H, HerosHRT 6paT JiaspeHn1i1 e 61111 Ha ro11RMO TaKCHl\HOTCKO
nbTysaHe, nottecno cepH03HH npttxo,o;H Ha XHJieHnap, scJie.ncTBHe Ha KOeTo npe3
26
J 762 nocJie11mrnT crnsa - Bb3MO)l(HO He 3a npbB nbT - myMeH; 3) perurnarn cjrn
HaHcosa BJiacT B CBeToropCKHTe MaHaCTHpH no TOBa speMe e .UbpfIGlJI CKeBocflHnaKCbT,
KOeTO ce flOTBbp)l(.uasa HOT no.unHCHTe Ha flbJIHOMOI.UHOTO, ,ll.a)J,eHO Ha TiaHcHH 3a
ype)J()J,aHeTo Ha MaHaCTHpCKHTe nena cne.u CMbprra Ha apXHMaH)lpHT repaCHM - B
Hero Ha nbpBQ M51CTO CTOH rronnHCbT Ha CKesoQlHJTaKCa ,I.(aHaHJI, KaTO npH TOBa
HHMa nonnttc Ha ttryMeH, KaKbBTO sep051THO e HMaJIO H TOBa He e 61111 JlaspeHTHH;
4) no,unttCHTe Ha flbJlHOMOUJ.HOTo nOTBbp)KnasaT Ka3aHOTO OT EapcKH, Ye npo-
11ryMeH11 ca Monrn 11a 6bl1aT caMo iiepoMoHac<ne (1111ocera HryMeHbT TpH6sa 11a e
HepoMottax)-noeyMeHTbT e rronnttcaH OT YJlettosere Ha MattacT11pcKH5I co6op- neseT
Ha 6poH, KaTo caMO TPHMa He ca npottryMeHH - eJJJ1HH51T OT T51X e ,,MOHax CTapeu,",
,apyrHSIT, sep051THO Cblll.0 o6HKHOBeH MOHaX, e KJH1Cap51T H 3a TpeTl151. Hee nOCOL!eHo
HHIUO (11saHOB 1914: XXIV).
B MOMettTa Ha CBeTa ropa THTJTaTa npouc:yrweu He CbW:eCTBysa. CbspeMeHHOTO
ycTHo cseToropcKo npe;::i;atttte o6aLJe 51. o651.CH51.Ba no cne;::i;HH51. ttaYHH - sceKH He
poMOttax B MHHaJlOTO, KOHTo e CTaBaJl npoHCTaMeH - YJleH Ha MaHaCTHpCKH51.
Cb60p- e 6m1 HHTpOHl13HpaH cjiopMaJJHO 3a 11ryMeH, HO ome CbIUHH 11eH e npe11asan
CHMBOJlHTe Ha 11ryMeHCKaTa BJJaCT He CTaBaJI npottryMeH. TttTJTaTa e HMana noLJeTeH
xapaKTep 11 e noKa3sana BHCOKOTO nOJIO)KeHHe Ha OH3H, KOHTo 51. HOCeJI. BCbW:HOCT
TI011 HHKaKBa cjiopMa Tpa11HL\HHTa e OL(enHna TIO'ITH )10 KpaH Ha xx B., TbH Karn 11op11
s MOMeHTa ( cemeMsp11, 2012) B MaHaCT11pa IfottpoH Ha Csern ropa HMa 11saMa
)KHBH npottryMeHH, npOH3Be.ueHH no T03H 4HH.
BCbll\HOCT npe3 XVIll 11110 OK. cpe11arn 11a XIX s. HHCTHTYThT Ha npo11ryMe
HHTe ynpaBJlHBa csernropcKHTe MaHacrnp11 H nbpBHHT 6i,nrapcKH HCTOpHK e 611n
qacT OT T03H HHCTHryT, nptt TOBa cpe;::i; HaH-H3TbKHaTHTe MY XHJTCH;::i;apCKH npe.u
CTaBHTeJlH.
III. lUpuxH KbM TBOp'leCTBOTO Ha naucuii
III. I. Cne11 OTKp11saHeTO Ha T.Hap. Ee!loea B pe1111L1a ny6nttKal.(HH ce OT6enH3Ba
6nmocTTa Mell<J\Y Eeweama (Hl1M, HHB. N2 39646) H CaMOKOBCKHH npen11c (ll,11Al1 137) Ha Ila11rnesarn 11cTop11", KaTO 3a ni,psarn ce no11qeprnsa 11 no-ronHMarn it 6n113ocT (s cpasHeH11e c 11pyniTe apxaH'IHH npenttcH) cbc 3orpacjicKaTa 'lepHosa
(XpHCTOBa 1998: 367, J!CJ16, 32) 15 • Ilo speMe Ha pa6oTaTa MH Bbpxy KpHrn'leCKOTO
H311am1e Ha JfcmopUR cJ1aea1106011zapcKa (J!CJ16) 16 3a6enH3•X, 'le B EeJ1oeama 'lacTTa
Ja 6MzapcKwne ceeml{u 3ano'lsa Han. I 02r 6e3 KHHOsapHo 3arnastte, KaKTo e YI B
4epHosarn, KbAeTO n. 57r HHMa 11op11 H o6H'laiiHH• MapKep, YKa3BaIU, 'le B 6enosarn
15 Cps. H KapanJKosa 1997. 16 CTaBa JlYMa 3a TOKy-lllO H3JIH3JIOTo KPHTHl!eCKH tt3)laHtte tta HcTopttH cJ1aBH
H06bnrapcKa, nO)lfOTBeHO OT ,Il,HMHTbp DeeB, MaprapeT ,Il,ttMHTposa 11 TieTKO TieTKOB.
Ha6optttt»T TeKcT e npH.llPYJKeH OT napaJieJieH npeso.u Ha cbspeMeHeH 6bJirapCKH e3HK,
HanpaseH OT ,Il,ttMHTbp flees, CHa6.n.eH c 06w11peH HCTOpHKO-c}lHJIOJlOfHL!eH KOMeHTap, )leJio
Ha AileKcaH.ll.Dp HttKOJlOB 11 ,Il,HMHThp Ilees. lJ,HTHpaHHHTa Ha HcTopttHTa B H3CTOHJl.laTa
CTaTH» ca no TOBa H3)l3Htte.
27
TpH6sa ):(a HMa qepseHocnos. Han. 102r s Ee!loGama ca l13rmcaH11 caMo 5 pe):(a OT
TeKCTa Ha yKa3aHaTa rnasa, cne):( KOeTO fll1CTbT ):\0 KpaH e OCTaBeH npa3eH (OK. 1/3)
H Ha o6paTHaTa CTpaHa e 3anOYHaTo OTHOBO, KaTo Be4e e H3nHCaHa 3arnasKa c KHHO
BapeH HHHU.HaJI H rnaBHH 6yKBH, noBTOpeHH ca nerre Ha4aJTHH pe,a;a OT npe)J,HlllHaTa CTpaHttU.a H e npO)J,bJDKeHO HaTaTbK. OcBeH TOBa B Ha)]. oceMneceT npoueHTa OT
c11yYaHTe ,,Yepsettoc110BHTe" OT qepttosaTa CbBna,a;aT 6yKBaJIHO c Te3tt OT Eenoeama. KaKTo e H3BeCTHO, B qepHoBaTa .ll,0 JI. 40r ca OOCTaBeHH KHHOBapHH MapKepH Kb)J,e
B 6eJTOBaTa Tp516Ba .na HMa 'llepseHOCJJOBH, KaTo HeBHHarH Te3H MapKepH o6xsa~aT
[1Hna norn'leCKH 113!:\bp~rnHa CHHTarMarn. Hanp11Mep Han. l 6r B 4ep1<0sarn OT '111-
TttpaHHJI TeKCT e MapKHpaH CaMO TeKCTbT B n/qep: rroro pd.AH fi~rHdllH· fro. w KpJ
~· BC'PBd· Ii ivHH·I Ml· crnl K'oAd· d«kHd· n·kAHKoro (J!CJ16, l 6r 6-8). B EeJ106ama e
.uaneHa c '-lepBeHOCJlOB caMO MapKttpaHaTa B 4epHOBaTa 43CT OT TeKCTa, .UOKaTo B
OCTaHaJIHTe npenHCH 4epseHOCJ10BbT o6xBaII{a JlOfH4eCKH 3aBbprneHa CHHTarMa:
H oyYiulH11H cf EE Kp.\11~ dc·lti., lH11KJro (no TibpBH KOTJleHCKH nperrHc, HEKM 368). TaKHBa
CJlyLJ:aH HMa MHOro, HO CTbJlHOTO HM npe,ll,CTaB51He l1 aHaJlH3 H3JlH3a H3BbH paMKHTe
Ha HaCT051LQOTO H3CJle,LJ,BaHe H UJ,e 6b)J.e npOBe)J.eHO B OT,D;eJlHa CTaTH51. nocJle,D;HHTe
,o;se Ha6JlJO,UCHH51 MH ,o;aBaT OCHOBaH11e ,o;a CM51TaM, LJ:e EellOGama e JJ:HpeKTeH anorpa¢
OT 3orpacjicKarn qepHosa (J!CJ16, 32)"- Tosa e ):(OnbnH11TeneH apryMeHT s noma Ha
TBbp):(eH11ern, 'le npen11cbT s HHM (11HB. Jlfo 39646) e e):(HH OT ila11c11es11Te 6enos11
eK3eMnJJ»pH Ha HcniopURma. lll.2. YT04HeHHH KbM noHHTHHHHH anapaT Ha JfcmopUflma.
lll.2. l. Pe"u u CJl06G 11anucax. 3a e311Ka Ha na11c11i\ e n11caHO MHOro 11 ca
3aCTbITBaHH MHOro IlOI151pH11 MHeHH51. I1pe3 COIJ,HaJlHCTH4eCKH51 nepHO,U 6ewe
11.n:eoJlOfHLJ:eCKH KOpeKTHO ,ll,a ce TBbp,D;H, 4e e3HKbT Ha Tia11c11H e HOB06bJlrapCKH,
T.e. LJ:e XHJleHJJ.apcKHJIT MOHaX CbC CBOeTo npOH3Be)J.eHHe e.n:sa JlH He CKbCBa c Ubp
KOBHOCJlaBSIHCKaTa Tpa)J,HUHH H nocTaB51 OCHOBHTe Ha Hoso6bnrapCKH51 e3HK 18 .
8Cbll(HOCT npbB ilHKl10 (1993: 645--{55 l) o6pbll(a BHl1Mam1e Ha cjiaKTa, 'le 3a ilaHCHH
e311KbT cjiyHKljl10H11pa Ha ):(Be paBHH!l(a: 1) pe411, KOeTO e rosopHMl1HT e311K 11 2) CJlOBa, OTrosap51W.H Ha BHCOKH51 UbpKOBHOCJ13B51HCKH CTHJl Ha 6oroc11y)f(e6HaTa
n11Teparypa.
no OHOBa speMe xopaTa He 6HJ1H lf3KYCHH B TOBa )lCJlO l1 neLJ:aTa1111 npocTO l1
peqnTe, 11 CJTOsarn ... (l1CJ16, 47a).
A3, I1a11c1111, 11epoM0Hax H npo11ryMeH XHJlCHJlapcKH, cb6pax 11 ttan11cax [Ta3H
HCTop11Hu.a, KaTo] OT npOCTH pequ pyCKH o6bpHax [H3TOLJ:Hl1U.HTC CH] Ha
npocTtt peqn 6bnrapcKtt 11 Ha cnasHHCKH. (HCn6, KoTn., 82a).
17 11. To11opoe ( 1981: 20-21) 11onycKa, qe npenHCbT cera cbxpaH•BaH B H11M (11HB. N2 39646) (no Heroao speMe ce e CM51Tan 3a 113ry6eH) e npen11catt OT 6enos1111 eKJeMn1151p tta
I1a11c11H. Xp11cTosa (1998: 367) Ka3sa, LJ:e TOBa e ttaH-6JTH3KHHT JlO Y:epttoBaTa npen11c.
,JJ;parosa JlHPCKTHO TBbpll,H, lJC TOBa e 6enOBH5IT CK3CMnnnp Ha 11cTOpI1HTa l1 ITbpBa cnoMettaBa
3a '-ICpBCHOCJlOBHTC, HO HC )laBa npttMep11, nopaLl,H KOCTO T8.3H '-13CT OT Ll,OKa3aTCJICTBaTa ti ocrnaa ttepa36paHa (L(paroea 2004: 35-36).
l8 BlK. ttanp11Mep reoprtteea 962, I 962a: ,dssim.
28
Han11cax [ ro] c pequ [ npOCTH] H CDC [ KHH)KHH] CJ1083 - He 6Rx y•u-111 HHTO
rpaMaTHKa, HHTO nDK HRK3KBa HayKa, HO 33 npoCTHTe 6D11rap11 npocTO H
Ha1rncax. (l1CA6, Korn., 826).
OT CbBpeMeHHa rne.utta T0'4Ka e3HK'hT Ha fia11c11H MO*e .ua ce oxapaKTeptt3Hpa
KaTO KOM6HHaUHH OT U.bpKOBHOCJiaBjJHCKH H nHCMeH (KHH)K:eH) e3HK Ha Hapo.utta
ocHosa c pewasam npesec Ha L\bpKOBHocnasHHCKHH (ITHKHo 1993: 645-651 ). Bcbm
HOCT He MO)Ke H .ua 60.ue no )lpyr Hal..fHH, TbH KaTO Hcn1opzmma pa.3Ka3Ba 3a u.apCKH
Cb6HTHH H U,bpKOBHH )l,eHHHjJ, KOHTO ca '4aCT OT HCTOpHYeCKOTO 6HTHe Ha Hapo.ua,
npOTHYaU(O B paMKHTe Ha CBeU(eHaTa xpHCTHjJHCKa HCTOpttYeCKa napa.uttrMa, H
T51XHOTO npe)l.CTaB5IHe H3HCKBa cneu,HaJlHO OTHOWeHHe H nO-BHCOKa o6pa6oTeHOCT
Ha H3pa3HHTe cpe.ucrsa, Heu~o, KOeTO o6HKHOBeHH5IT pa3rOBOpeH e3HK He e cnoco6eH
)],a npe.uocTaBH. ITopaJJ.H TOBa 3a CTHJia Ha H3JlO)KeHHeTo ca xapaKTepHH pe.uttu.a
e3HKOBH noxBaTH, CBOHCTBeHH 3a CTapaTa KaHOHH'-IHa H 6116neHcKo-pe1111rH03Ha
JJHTeparypa (B'"· I!HEKE, 58). Cne11saiiKH Tpa11HL\HHTa Ha cpe11HoseKoBHHTe MoHa
weCKH xpoHHKH (3apo11HnH ce npe3 VI s. Karn HH3osa nHTeparypa), s 'lHHTo e3HK,
3a p33I1HKa OT e3HKa Ha 6orocny*e6HaTa nttTepaTypa, ce BKJIJOYBaT noH.HTHH H ene
MeHTH OT a.uMHHHCTpaTHBHO-Kattu,enapcKH51 CTHJl H ce )lonycKaT nopH npOCTopeYHH
<jlopMH, ITaHcHii Cbl.l.\O BKJlIO'lBa Hapo11Ho-pa3rosopHH eneMeHTH c 1~eJl Cb3)1asaHe
Ha e3HK, no-6JlH3bK H no-pa3611paeM 3a Bb3npHeMaTCJ1H ( CJJywaTen H B no-pe)1KHTC
cny%H 'lHTaTen) oT XVIll s.
III.2.2. IT011umuKa. Oco6eHH TPYAHOCTH npH 11erniinHoTO pa36HpaHe H npeso11a
Ha CbBpeMeHeH e3HK Ha TeKCTa Ha I1aHCHH BHHarH e npenH3BHKBana )lyMaTa
noJtumuKa. AneKC3H)lbp M11nes Ka3Ba, Ye no)]. noJlumuKa cseToropcKH5IT MOHax e
pa36ttpan ,,XHTpOCT, nyKaBCTBO", K3TO H3TbKBa, Ye npH npeBO)l, Tp»6Ba na ce npe
Be)l(Jla cnopen KOHTeKCTa, a He CbC e)J.HO H Cblll.O IlQHjJTHe, K3KTO nocTbnBaT MH03HH3
oT npeso11a'l1ne (MHnes 1962: 403-404). B CTaTHHTa CH TOH npas11 H ofoop Ha
Cbl.l.(ecrnysamHTe 110 1962 ro11HHa npeso)1H. PaiiKoB 19 B npeso11a CH oT 1972 s pe11Hna
cJJy'laH ocrnsH no!lumuKa 6e3 npeso11 (PaiiKos 1972: 23, 24, 129). BcbmHocT s
e3HKa Ha ilaHCHH nof/UfflUKG H noJiu1nutteH CbOTBeTCTBaT Harp. noHHTHjJ rroAtTtKCTS
'rpa)l,CKH, rpIDKJJ.3HCKH, o6u~eCTBeH' H rroAtTtcrµas 'tt3HCK3HOCT, H3TbHYeHOCT, Be)K:
JlHBOCT; cbo6pa3HTenttoCT, ttaxo.n.YHBOCT, XHTpocT, 0611rpattocr' (no Lampe), B
CbBpeMeHHH51 rpbu,KH cbc 3HaYeHtte Kyflmypa, Ky.nmypeH. B MHoro cny'4aH Te3H noHH
THH CT051T no-6JlH3KO no OHOBa, KOeTO HHe )].Hee Haptt'4aMe OunJIOMamUl/HOCffl H
2b6Kaeoc1n 11 KOeTo cpeJJ. ttaweTo cencKo 11ace11ett11e H nocera ce xapaKTep11311pa c
np11naraTeJlHOTO Kynez.uKu, T.e. 'YY*A, npHBHeceH OTBbH, HecsoHcTBett'. BcbW.HOCT
19 B HacTOHW,aTa cTaTHH npHBJIHLJaM sapHaHTH caMo OT npeeoJJ,HTe Ha E. PaHKOB
(1972) H n. ,[{HHeKOB, Tbti KaTO npe3 nocJieJJ,HHTe 50 rOJJ,HHH TOBa ca OCHOBHHTe n03HaTH H
UJITHpaHH npeBOJJ,H y Hae. HcTOpHHTa e npeBe)l(JJ.atta MHOroKpaTHO Ha CbBpeMeHeH 6h11rapCKH
e3HK. Dpe.u11 1955 no-pa3npocTpaHeHH ca 61111tt npeso.u11Te Ha H. <I>111111nos, CT. I111LJeB 11 ,[{.
)KenHJKOB (BlK. Mwnes 1962: 404, 6en. 5 w 6).
29
1T
y ITaHcHH ttMa npoTttBonocTaBHHe Ha 6e3XHTpocTHaTa cencKa eynrypa Ha 6bJirapttTe
c HeHHHTe OBYaptt, opaYH H KOITaLJH M rpa)J,CKaTa K)'Jirypa, 0JlHIJ,eTBOp51BaHa OT rpbU
KaTa TbproscKa HHTeJJttreHUH51. I1pe3 paHHOTO Bo3pruK,ll,aHe rpa,ll,oBeTe no HawttTe
3eMH ca 6HJIH HaCeJIHBaHH OCHOBHO OT TbpfOBUH - ropUH 11 ropyeemtt ce BJlaCH 11
6bJirapH. B oHe3H speMeHa B e3HKa HH e HRMaJio 11YMH Karn Kynmypa, Kynmype11, OunJJoJ1,:1amut1eH, rropa,ll,tt KOeTo s KHH)f<OBHHTe rraMeTHHUH ca ce yn0Tpe6.Hsan11
fl03HaTHTe Ha BCHYKH rpbUK11 ITOHHTHJI, a B pa3rOBOpH3Ta pe4 Te ca ce cxsamaJIH
Karn nyKaecmeo, xumpocm 11 nu11eMepue. l1MeHHO nopa11H TOBa npH npeso11 BbB
BCeKl1 OT)1eJieH CJiy'laH TpR6Ba 11a ce no)1XOlK.Qa 11H/111Bl1/1Y3JIHO. ilo-aoJiy 11asaM 11
HJIKOH OT npe,ll,JIO)KeHHTe OT MeH sapttaHTH:
1925.
A [Ha otte3H], KOHTO He HCKaT .ua 3HaJIT CBOJI po.n. 6bJirapCKH, HO Ce o6pbUlaT
KbM LIYlK.lla KyJ1Typa (t10 CE Wspd4JdfO'l"b. Hd vSa>Ad no11.ttTHKd) H YYJKA e3HK,
KOHTO He MHJieJIT 3a CBOJI e3HK 6bnrapCKH, a Ce yYaT .n:a 4eTaT H n;a rOBOpHT Ha
rpbUKH 11 ce cpaMyBaT na ce HapeKaT 6bJirapH [lll,e peKa]: 0, uepa3yM11e u 1opoOe, nopaOu U{O ce cpa1Wum Oa ce 11ape11em 6b112apu11 H He YeTeW, 11 He
rosopHrn Ha cso• e3HK (J1CJ16, 36).
Ka3saw, Ye npuHTe ca no-MbAPH 11 nO-U3TbHtteuu, a 6b11rap11Te ca npocT11
H r.nynas11 H HJIM3T H3HCK3HH JlYMH ... (Ho Cd pEYf rpu,H no MSApH Hno no11.HTHYH'I·
d &Oi\Pdpf Cd npocTH ti f't1SndB'i H HE ittt.4\'l''h pEYH no11HTHYHi) (J1CJT6, 4a)
fbpUHTe CMHT3JIH 6b11rapHTe 33 npocTH H rnynaBH H fH xy11e1111 OT BHCOTaTa
Ha CBOHTa Mb)J,pOCT H H3HCK'3HOCT ... (Ppu,H li1H.4\i\H BOi\Pdptt npocTll H r11SndBH H SKopSRdil.-H-X'h c flHXHd MSApOc'l''h H no11UTHKd) (l1Cll6, 516)
ED11rap11Te o6aYe, ~tKO H )la 6111111 npocTH 11 r11ynas11 s cpasHeHHe c rpDUKaTa
Mb)lpOCT H o6nrpauocT ... (tto EOtlf'dpH dKO H npoc'l'H &Hi\H H r11.SndB.ti w rpYKd
111SApOcT'h H no11H'T'HKd) (11CJ?6, 52a)
He 6Hx yYl111 HHTO rpaMaT11Ka, HHTO nDK HRKaKsa HayKa (tH Svt-ix cf t1H rpdMd'Pt-i1\d
tttt no11.ttTt-iKd Ht-iKdKo) (l!Cll6, KoTn., 826).
III.2.3. ciAB'hl. C'hR'k'l''h. l111seTe noH•nrn ce cpell1aT s cJie/1HHH KOHTeKcT:
,il;HBHH ca EomHHTe c1.L1,6n 11 tteH3CJie)J,ttMa 6e3)lHa e HerosaTa BOJIH (AtlBHH
cSMA'h(!), cSARrkl sIBi'tt. H~ttEHc11.'kAHM.4\ BfAt~Hd c'hR'~'PH frO) (no PHM 11 :33, cps.
Tic 35:7, He 28:29 20) npH ynpasnettHeTo Ha T03H csnT H npoMHCbJ1bT, c KOHTo
pbKOBO)lH uapcTBaTa B Hero - p33L1,aBa fH, npoMeHH rH, npeJJ,aBa fH [OT pbKa
Ha pbKa]; KOraTO l1CKa, fl1 nory6sa H OTHOBO rtt Bb3CTaHOBHBa (11CJl6, 26).
Ho KOH me nocTHrHe )'Ma focnoaeH (no I Kop 2: 16, PHM 11 :34, He 40: 13)
HJIH KOH w.e npo)'Mee BOJIHT3 My! (tt11H. K'PO HCi!.'liAHT'b COR'itTEX'h Er0) (no
20 1J,11TaTttTe OT E116J1HHTa ce .uasaT cnope.n: H3JJ;aHtteTo Ha Cs. CHHO)l Ha ETIU, OT
30
f11M 11 :33, Ilp 9: 17) T0Ky-s1DK naK BD3.llHrtte 11 co6epe pa3npbCHaTHTe 11
113ue1111 CbKpyweHme (no Tic 146:2, 3, Ylc 61: 1) no HaYHH, no Kolirn CaM To>l
3Hae B cseTHTe CsoH cbn6H (cT'hfM'I, cRoHA1'i c~MARdMH) (HCJ16, 26).
B pa3nwrn11Te npeB01111 ce npe11aBa pa3JJllLfHO. TieTbp ,l\11HeKOB Hanp11Mep
npeBeJK11a CIA""'' c npucbi!u 11 OCTaBH cb6em HenpeBe)leHo ( 'lepHoea, 153). EmK1111ap PaiiKOB Ha Cbllll1Te MeCTa npeBelK11a c npucoi!u 11110.MepeHUR cpe!lly c'h"'k'l''h (PaliKOB 1972: 21 ). OT cjm11011or114ecKa me11Ha TOLfKa no-1131\bplKaH e npeBO/lbT Ha Pai1KOB.
B T03H KOHTeKCT 611x HCKaJl, ,rJ,a 0T6e11e)l{a, Ye CTattcHH H3nOJ13Ba ,rJ,yMaTa C'b.H-trrch. B
HaH-,rJ,peBHOTO i1 3Ha4eHHe- ,,peweHHe, 801151, HaMepeHHe". l1 npH )J,BaTa p33rJle)],aHH
npeB011a 06a4e ce ry6BT ammmne c 611611ei1cK11H TeKcT, nopa1111 Koern CMHTaM 3a
no-y11aLfeH Bap11aHTa, B KOHTO 611611ei1CKOTO di!6u OCTaBa, HO c y11apeH11e Bbpxy b,
3a 11a ce no114eprne Bpb3KaTa c omcwici!a11e (B E116m-rnrn coi!6a e CbC CblIIOTO 3Ha
LieHHe ). CbOTBeTHO ocTasa 11 611611ei1cKH5IT sapHaHT BO!lJt 3a c'b.H'kT'b.. EnHHCTBeHo
nono6eH npeso.u 6H MOTPJl na 3ana3H KOHTeKCT)'3JlH3Ta XOMoreHHOCT Ha TeKCTa c
npOH3THLiaW,HTe OT TOBa a.Jll03HH H KOHOT3U.HH,
111.2.4. Tio OTHOWeH11e Ha KOHTeKcryallHOTO cjlyHKljllOHl!paHe Ha TeKcTa oco-
6eHO BHHM3HHe 3ac11y)l{aBa c11eL1,HH5IT cpparMeHT OT 4acrra 3a 60112apcKun1e ceenn1u,
CBbp3aHa CbC CB. ,l\HMHTbp HoB11 Eacap60BcK11:
29-rn - cBeT11 l\11M11Tbp HoB11. [TipecTaB1111 ce] npe3 1685 rDl\HHa. lKHBHll
npocTo, 6HJI '-IOBeK MHp51HHH, HO Ll,yXbT .liomHH, Kb.llCTO menae, T3M .unwa
11 npe611Basa (no Ho 3 :8) (HC,6, Korn., 79a).
To3H OTKbC e THilH4eH npHMep 33 TOBa K3K npH np51Ka CMHCJIOBa Bpb3Ka H
11op11 npenpaTKa KbM fo.16JJHHTa ce ry611 opttrttHaJJHHBT CMl!Cbll "MHOronnacTOBOCT
Ha TeKCTa, KOeTO ce )],bJI)l{H Ha Heno6paTa CbrJiacysaHOCT Me)l{)],y pa3J1Hl.JHHTe
npeB01111 11 3ary6arn Ha Bpb3KaTa c Tpa1111u11Hrn. ,,,l\yxbT EoJK11i1, Kb)leTO JKenae,
TaM 1111wa 11 npe611BaBa" e nep11cjlpa3a Ha EsaHren11e OT HoaHa 3:8. B c11Ho11aJJHHH
npeso.u Ha E11611HHTa pa3rJie)l{)],aHH51T CTHX 3sy1-111 no c11enH115I Ha411H: ,,BHTbpbT .uyxa,
neTO HCKa ... ". CbI.I.J,OTO LJeTeM H B nonpaBeHOTO 113)],aHHe Ha CHHO)laJIHHH npeBO)l, OT
1990 r. B En113aseT11HcKarn 61161111" OT 1751 r. (peB11311paHo m11aH11e Ha OcTpolKKarn
61161111H (1581 r.)- nbpBOTO nbllHO H3)1aH11e Ha fo.1611HHTa Ha [jbpKOBHOCJlaBHHCKll)
LJeTeM: A~X'b., HAime x04-1eT'b., ArhlWfT'b. ... , KOeTO e H3IlbJ1HO B YHHCOH c nepHcppa-
3aTa Ha o. TiaHcHH. KaKTO e H3BeCTHO s cTapttTe e3HUH nOH51THH KaTo Oyx, Obx, Ouxauue, OyxaJW, Ouiumt H no)l. ca OT e)lHH KopeH, KaTo Oyx HMa H 3HaLJeHtte Ha
eftnlop. J.136poeH11Te 11eKceM11 ce OTllHYaBaT c 6oraTCTBo 11 pa3Hoo6pa311e Ha ceMaH
TllLfHl!Te II KOHOTaTllBHll HIOaHCl1. ToBa ce OTHaCH KaKTO 3a crnpo6bnrapCKll (AOYX'h,
A"''X"""'' A'hlWO'l'H), rnKa H 3a rpbuKH (rrveuµa, rrveoi) - op11rnH811HllHT e3HK, Ha
Koi1To ca HanttcaHH esaHre11H5ITa. Eo11rapcKHHT CHHO)],aJieH npeso)l e cpaBH51BaH H
nonpaBHH no pycKllH CHHO)laJleH npeBO)I (B}l(, MapKOBCKll s.a.), HO T0311 CTMX OT
EsaHreJIHeTo OT I1oaHa HBHO e y6HrHaJJ OT BHHM3HHeTo Ha pe)laKTOpHTe, TbH KaTO
31
F'l
PYCKHHT CHHO.ll,aJieH npeBO)J. Ha TOBa M.SICTO He ry6H Bpb3KaTa CH CbC CTapH51
CJJaBJIHCKH npeso.n: ,,).:\yx )J.blllIHT, r)J.e XOLJeT ... ".
III.2.5. I.{ap- Kecap- KpG!l. ,[(pyr BalKeH MOMeHT e BbnpocbT 3a iiepapx1rnrn
Ha pa311Ht:IHHTe BJla)leTeJICKH THTJIH B Hcn1opuR CJlQ6RH06bJl2apcKa. no speMeTO Ha
ilattcHH THTJiaTa XGH ome Hee 61-u1a H3BeCTHa. BonpeKH TOBa TOH 51CHO pa3rpaHHYasa e3HYeCKHTe H paHHHTe xpHCTHRHCKH 6bnrapCKH BnaAeTeflH (cnopeA HerosaTa
xpoHonorna TpHsenHii, MyprnroH-EopHc H T.H.), Ha3oBaBaiiKH rn KpG!le, no-p»AKO
KHR3e, OT nO-KbCHHTe, KOHTO ca ljape, T.e. paBHH no paHr Ha BH3aHTHi1CKHTe HM
nepaTOpH:
OT T03H KpaJI EaTo» B ttcTop1-u1Ta ce Ha3osasaT no.upen BCHLJKH 6bnrapcKH
uape, KOHTO ca U,apyBMH CJieA Hero, a KpaJJeTe, KOHTO ca 6uJnt OTH3'-13JIO, He
ca snttcaHH ecttlJKH e neTonttca (ffCJf6, 136). To311 6namett H seJIHK ll3p Mttxa11n BCbLUHOCT ce Hap111-Jan I1oaH Mttxa11JI. I1 110 HeroBOTO HMe 6bnrapCKHTe U,ape, KOHTO 6HJ1H OT HeroBOTO KOJH1HO, 11MaJUI
raKaBa Tl1TJia: rrbpBO n11weJI11 HoaH, a CJie)l, TOBa HMeTo Cl1, KaKTO HM 611JI021
(l1Cll6, 51 a).
BCbllJ.HOCT B HarnaTa TIOH51THi1Ha CHCTeMa, OTHeceHo KbM 6bJirapcKHTe BJia
AeTenH, K[JG!l e paBH03HaYHO Ha XWI. I1aHCHH ynoTPe6HBa KpG!l CblllO H 3a cpb6CKHTe BJTa,UeTeJTH, Kb)l.eTo THTJTaTa e B CBOH ecTeCTBeH KOHTeKCT Ha EanKaHHTe H 3a Hero
Te CTOHT nO-HHCKO no paHr OT 6bJTrapcK11Te u.ape H BH3aHTHi1CKHTe HMnepaTOpH.
3a o6o3Ha4aBaHe Ha poMeHCKHTe HMnepaTopH, KOHTO HOC HT THTJlaTa Bac1,u1esc
(rp. pacnAED<;), HalllHHT HCTOpHK 113nOmBa Kecap HllH 11ap, Karn noCTaBH 3HaK 3a
paseHCTBO Me)Kny .useTe. Ho aKo lfGP MO)Ke ,r:i;a ce OTHac» KaKTO 3a 6bnrapCKHTe,
TaKa H 3a BH3aHTHHCKHTe BJia)];eTeJJH, TO Kecap ce ynoTpe6JIBa caMo 3a BH3aHTHHCKHTe
HMnepaTOpH H HMnepaTOpHTe Ha CsellleHaTa pHMCKa 11MnepttH. BCblllHOCT Kecap e
BTopaTa THTJJa B l1MnepHHTa cnen Ta3H tta asrycTa-HMnepaTop HJTH sacttnesca ow.e
OT BpeMeTO Ha pecpopMHTe Ha HMnepaTOp ,[(HOKfle1.1HaH (284-305) (Ostr9gorsky
1963: 28). B KbCHOBH3aHTHHCKHH nepttoA Tttrnarn Kecap ry6H csoeTO 3HaYeHHe H
nona,r:i;a B no-noJTHHTe 4acT11 Ha BH3aHTttHcKaTa Hepapxtt4ecKa cTb11611u.a. KbM Kecap Bb3X0lKAa eTHMOflOrnYeCKH H 6bnrapcKaTa THTfla 11ap (Ha crnpo6bnrapcKH u;kc•r•) OT JTaT. caesar, npe3 rp. Kalcrap. no )J;OCTOHHCTBO TH e paBHa Ha THTJiaTa Ha BH-
3aHTHHCKHH BGCWleec (PacrtAED<;) H Ta3H Ha UMnepamopa (imperator) B 3anaA
HOeBponeiicKaTa TPaAHl.\HH22 . TaKoBa e H pa36ttpaHern Ha I1attcttii. I1bpBHHT peaneH
21 B cnyqa51 ce HMa rrpeJl.BH.ll npeJJ.CTaBKaTa HW (OT CT6, HBatt), KOHTO ce cpema H npeJJ.
HMeHaTa Ha BJlaIIIKHTe BOiiBOJJ.H B flO)l,flHCaHttTe HM BbB BJ1axo6bJirapcKHTe rpaMOTH Hanp.
""' MHpYd, llW BOr AdH'b., npe)l,asatta B npeBO)l,HTe Karo JIHl!HO MMe - I1oa11 Mupl/a, ffoaH 5020au. BCbUJ,HOCT T51 e HMaJia xapaKrep Ha sJia.uereJICKa THTJia flO.ll06tto Ha THTJIHTe uap H
Kparr, Bb3XOJK.Uarutt eTHMOJIOfHlfeCKH KbM ttMettara Ha JOJIHH, l(e3ap H KapJI BeJIHKH.
On11cattara rpa.llttUHH rpbrsa OT Broporo 6bnrapcKo uapcrso, sepOHTHO or HMeTo tta uap
Hoatt AceH II. 22 3a THTyJiarypara tta s113attr11HcK11re HMneparoptt BJK. no.upo6tto Ostrogorsky 1963~
90 nocoqeHaTa TaM 6H6mwrpa<jl11H.
32
BJia)J.eTen, HOCHJI THTJlaTa B Ta3H H tjJopMa - lfGp, a He BbB ¢opMaTa BQCU!le6C HJlH
UMnepamop, e CHMeOH I BenHKH (893-927). CneA XIV B. HMeHHO B 6"hnrapcKHH CH
o6nHK - 71ap - THTJlaTa npeMHHasa B Cbp6HH, a cneA XV B. - H s PycttH.
KpaJI OT CB051 CTpaHa e THTJla H3U51Jl0 CbC 3ana)J.eH npOH3XO.U, 6e3 np51KO CbOT
BeTCTBHe B H3TOLIHonpasocnaBHaTa TpaJJ.HUH51, noJiy4HJia pa3npOCTpaHeHtte B npa
BOCJlaBeH KOHTeKcT e):(HHCTBeHo B Cbp6HH. B 3ana):(HOesponeiicKaTa TpaAHUHH Kp(Jfl oTroBap• Ha konung!koniglking. AKO TpH6Ba see naK ):(ace onpe):(emi TOLfHOTO MHCTO
Ha Kpa!l B HepapxttLIHaTa CTbJI611ua Ha cpe.LJ.HOBeKOBHHTe EanKaHtt, T51 611 Tp»6sano
)J.a 3aeMe Me)J()].ttHHO nOJlO)KeHHe Me)K.uy lfap H KUR3.
lll.2.6. !Ipu"mu. DattcHii ynoTpe6HBa npu"mu, 3a ):(a o6mHaLfH 2ep6oeeme OT
CTeMarorpacji1rnra Ha Xpttcrncjiop JKecjlapoBHLf. B UbpKoBHocnaBHHCKH npttYb'l''h
03Ha4aBa cnUCbK, pe2UC!nbp, 'IUH, pa112, OmJIU"ue; Cb6op, K!lUp. y ,[(11HeKOB ( lfepHOBa, 216) H PaiiKoB ( 1972: 77-78) - HenpaBHJlHO npum•1u. KaKTo crasa HCHo OT
UHTttpatttt51 no-.LJ.oJiy TeKcT, npu1anu 611 Tp»6BaJio .LJ.a 03Ha4asa 2ep6oee HJIH on111u
ttumefl11u U306jJQ:J/CeHUR, aKO HCKaMe .n,a CMe no-6JIH30 )].0 H3KOHHOTO 3Hat.teHHe Ha
CT6. npHYb'l''h. KaKTo cnoMeHaxMe, ryK Da11cHii BH3Hpa CmeMamo2paijJunma Ha
XpHcrncjiop JKecjlapoBH4, m):(a):(eHa BbB BHeHa npe3 1741 (npeBOA Ha CmeMamo-2paijJUH JfJzupuKyM Ha XbpBaTmia Dasen P11Tep-BHTC30BH4 OT 1701 r.), H no-T04HO
e):(Ha OT THTY!lHHTe cTpaHHUH, Kb):(eTo no 3ana):(eH 06pa3eu e mo6pa3eH anoTe03 Ha
CTecjlaH ,[(yrnaH, Bb3Ce):(Han npenycKalll KOH. HaA Hero ca HapttcyBaHH ):(Ba aHrena,
e)].HHH51T ,Ubp)KH uapcKa KOpOHa H Betteua Ha CJlaBaTa, a .LJ.pyrtt5IT - KJlOHKaTa Ha
MHpa. HaA rnasarn MY ce LfeTe Ha):(nttc GHi\HlH GT6C!J!IH'h. 0Kono Hero ca H3o6-
pa3eH11 B Ma!lKH Me):(a!lbOHH 56-Te rep6a OT CTeMarnrpacjJHHTa, B T.4. H rep6oseTe
Ha 6bJirapcKttTe o6naCTH. I1Jittptt4eCKaTa H)].e51 3a o6e)].HHRBaHe no)]. e)].HH CKHilThp
Ha BCH1..J:KH CJiaB.sIHH, )KHBeew.H B AscTpo-YHrapcKaTa HMneptt51, OTpa3eHa B KHttraTa
Ha JKecjiapOBHY, JlHra B OCHOBaTa Ha cpb6cKaTa HaUHOHa!lHa H):(eH H npHA06HBa
oco6ena nonynHpHOCT npe3 40-Te fO):(. Ha XVIII B. no BpeMeTO Ha DaHCHH o6aLfe,
20-HHa fO):(HHH nO-KbCHO, TH Be4e e B pa3pe3 CbC 3apIDK):(alllaTa ce 6bnrapcKa Hau110-
HanHa 11AeH. CpB.:
npeBb3HeCJ1H CTe¢aH noseqe OT HerOBH51 11.5111.0 MHJIYTHH H MY npHTIHCaJlH
Ll.51JiaTa cpb6CKa cnasa H OTJIHl.JHTCJlHHTe HJo6paiKeHHH (n CRd CjJGCKd Cl1dBd H
npHYTn HfM8 np11nHcd1111). HaKaKbBJlaTHHCKH ¢11nococJ>23 CbCTaBHJJ OTJI11tt11Te11Htt
HJ06pa1KeHttH H KpaTKH 113peLieHHH 3a ttapoJJ,HTe no Espona (HeKcon 11dTHHcK11
$Hl10(1· CCOB'h. (!) HdnllCd1\'h. npH~'11H H 'T'll'T'l111 HdPOAtlHf no fl!jJOnd) H KOJIKOTO HapOJJ,H
H HMeHa Ha CTpaHH H 0611aCTI1 [HMa], fH 11306pa3HJI c rep6oee (n~coEpd~ltl1'h
np11vT11<} (11Cn6, 376).
lJJ .2. 7. !IpWluKa e Apyr npenbHHKaMbK np11 pa36Hpattero Ha Da11cHes11H TeKcT:
CaMHHT Maspy611p e ttanHcan, qe npUHTe pa3Ka3BaTTaKa nopaAH 3as11crra H
HeHaBHCTTa, K051TO HMaJIH cpew:y 6bJirapHTe. He ca OTIHCaJIH xpa6p11Te
23 CTaBa JJ,yMa 3a XbpBaTHHa naee11 PHTep-BHTe30BHLI.
33
nocThnKtt 11 CJ1aBHl1Te ,lle51HIUI Ha u.apeTe l1 Ha 6onrapCKl151 Hapoa, HO HaKpaTKO
l1 1130naYeHO ca onHcan11, K3KT0 Ha THX HM e 611no H3rQ,llHO (n'icdtl.H Kd/\0 E
H0
IAl'h. BHl10 npHt1H4HO), 33 L(a He 6epaT cpaM, 3alll,OTO MHOro flbTtt 6b11rapHTe ca
r11 no6e1KAaBarr11 l1 ca B3eMa1111 .uattoK oT THX. OT T03H Maspy611p HOT Mttoro
,llpyrtt l1CTOp1111 L{bJlro speMe co611pax oTrOBapHIUOTO [Ha HCTHHaTaJ,
nopa3wttp11X [ro] Jf CbCTaBHX T331111CTOp11Hu.a cw 'T'OPO AidRp8BHpd H w MNOro
AP8rH'Jc'T'opHHcdBpdX'h :;;" MHoro 1~pEMf no npHAHKd H nopdcnpoc'T'pd11°r'X'"h H C'h.R'hKSn'iX'h
ClllO .,.,,,,opifHl\i) (HCn6, 56).
H He B51pBaT, aKo He e n11catto np11 T51X24, a Han11caHOTO npH THX e cnope.u
TSIXH3 H3ro)l,a ( O'{ HHX'"h HHCd'T'O no HHXHd fljJHAHKd). B MHoro HallIH pbKOnHCHH
KHHfH H rpaMOTH OT Hai1-cTapH BpeMeHa ce cpelll,a HanHCaHO TaKa,
KaKTO 11 [ HHe] TyK B Ha4aJJOTO 01111caxMe (J!Cn6, 516).
,[{HHeKOB B KOHTeKcTa, OTHacJIW, ce ..QO 6bJirapHTe, ro npese)K)J,a CbC ,,CbW,e
CTBeHOTO", a PaHKoB c ,,rro..QXO..Q.SIW,ero", ..QOKaro B csbp3aHH51 c rpbUKHTe HCTOPHUH
KOHTeKCT - CbC CXO.IIHHTe ,,y.I106Ho" 11 ,,yro)IHO" ( 'lep11oea, 161; PaiiKOB 1972: 26).
B cT6. "P""""• 6yKB. o3Ha4aBa 'npHMep, o6pa3el('. J13xmK.I1al1K11 OT 11pe)IXOJIHOTO H3peLJeHtte B fTaHCHeBH.SI TeKCT, Kb..QeTo KdKO f H'iM'b.. HHl\0 npHt1HYHO (oT e,[(HH KOpeH
CbC npWluKa) 03HaLJasa 'KaKTO Ha THX HM e 6HJIO H3rO..QHO', MO)J(eM ..Qa 3aKJUOLfHM,
LJe cTasa nyMa 3a aHTHTe3a. Or e..QHa cTpatta, HMaMe o6pa3elfa HJTH ucmuH11ocm1na
Ha zbp1Jume, a OT .Ilpyra- 06pme11a HJJH ucmu11ama 110 11pttH!.(Hl1. BcbiljHOCT TiaHCHH
He )lonycKa np11cTpacTHocT 3a co6cTBeHorn CH 11osecTBosam1e. BrnpttJIT l(HTttpaH
np11Mep CblU,O ITOTBbp)I<..QaBa HaillHTe Ha6JTIO,UeHHH, T.e. ,ll,peBHHTe ..QOMaillHH H3BOpH
ce cxo>l<.11aT c .Ilpyrme H3T04HH!.(H Ha Tia11c11i1, B T.4. 11 c MaBpy6up. l1 B )IBarn cJJyYaR
npHJTHKa KOpecnOH,UHpa c HCTOpHLJeCKaTa o6eKTHBHOCT, HOB e..QHHH51 c11yLJaH T51 e
rrpe3 npel(y6enett11.si: nornen tta rbpUHTe, a B ,n;pyrttJI - c ,,o6eKTHBHH51" norJTe)l. Ha
TiaHCHH.
III.2.8. JlIO.IICKHTe H MHpCKH cnasocJIOBHR.
3a Te3l1 LJeTHp11M3 CBeTH nperroL(o6HH HaWH OTUli- rasp1111JI, flpoxop, HoaKHM
H HoaHHKHH ce Ka3ea 11 nttwe e JHOJlCKHTe tt MupcKtt cnasocJIOBHH, lfe ca
6111111 yYeHHUH Ha npeno.n.o6ttH51 Haw OTeu. Hoatt P1111cKH (HCJI6, KoT11,, 766).
EmKH.Ilap Pai1KOB TbJJKysa TOBa MJICTO Karn CBbp3Batte Ha arnorpacjlcKH H
XHMHOJIO)l(KH naMeTHH!.(H (PattKOB 1972: 172, 6eJJ. 293), KaTO npe11pailja KbM )!{11-
THeTO Ha raspHHJT JiecHOBCKH, ny6JIHKysaHo B ,,EbJTrapCKH CTapHHH H3 MaKe,[(O
HHH". Mopl(aH I1saHoB HaHCTHHa Ka3Ba, Ye B ar11orpacp11.si:Ta TpttMaTa 3ana..QH06bJJ
rapcKH attaxopeTH ce cJTaBHT 3ae,[(HO cbc cs. HoaH PttJTCKH, HO raM He HaM11paMe
HMeTo Ha cs. HoaHHKHH ,[(eBH4eCKH (HsaHOB 1931: 394 ). Bcbil1HOCT no.II n10ocKu u
MUpCKU CJlG60Cll06UR flaHCHi1: HMa npe,ll,BH)J, T.Hap. ,,cJiaBtt", KOHTO Ca 6ttJIH pa3npO
CTpaHeHH 113 qacT OT 3ana)IH06bnrapCKHTe 11H3cpb6CKlffe3eMtt. B Cpb6CKaTa l(bpK-
24 T.e. e zpol{Kume KHUZU. - Ee11. rrpee.
34
sa 11 no ,a:Hec Te ce H3BbpwsaT, cnen KaTo npHKJlI-OYH n11ryprH5ITa, KaTo B cnaso
CJlOBHeTo B3eMaT yYaCTHe H MHp51HH. ,UoKaTO csemeHHKbT YeTe ,,cJlaBaTa", B K051TO
ce H3pe)K)l,aT BCHYKH YHHOBe H BH,[{OBe CBeTLiH, KaTO oco6eHO ce cnoMeHaBaT HMeHaTa
Ha YeCTBaHHTe B naneHaTa noMeCTHa UbpKBa, HaH-H3TbKHaTHTe Mb)Ke OT MHp51HHTe
.l\bp11<aT s ueHnpa Ha xpaMa ptt'rya.neH x1rn6 (rrttTKa). TI0,l\06H11 ,,cnas11" ca ce rrpa
se1111 11 B YaCTHH noMose. B MOMeHTa Ta.3H npaKTHKa ce e 3ana.3HIIa caMo B cpo6cKaTa
LI;bpKsa25 . y Hae HMa cse)J.eHH51 {npe)J.HMHO ycTHH), 11e TaKHBa CJiaBOCJ10BH51 ca npa
seHH s TpbHCKO 11 MottTaHCKo npe)J.H EaJIKaHcKaTa soHtta. B no)J.o6tto cnasocnos11e
3ae)J.HO c TPH!\-raTa 3ana,n;Ho6011rapcKH aHaxopeTH e cnoMeHaT H cs. tfoaHHKHH B
c6opH11K HEKM 1068 (n. 112) OT xvm B., ITHCaH OT H11Kmpop P11neu rrpe3 1763 r.: ~ , " ~ , , , l , •• , , '
C'JldrO Wl.ld IWdHHd p'b!/\CKdrO, tWdKHMd WCOrOBCKdrO, PdEp1H/\d 1HCHOBh.CKdP01 npoxopd
nw11'HcKdro, HwdHHK'id AHIHYECKdro, u npOYHXb. c°T'hi npfiBH'blX'b., Wqb., H/Kf Mo11HrrROl\'I 11
n¢crr\'IM'b. er~ c11Po~rOAHRW1i. B nono6Ho o6Kpb)KeHHe e cnoMeHaT CB. tfoaHHKHH H B
Tpe6HHK HEKM 1000, (n. 47v) OT CbLUOTO speMe: s•1isA' npoc"iiiBWf •' EOM'dpCKOMH
SHMAH, HAdpYoHd MErAfHcKdro lwdHHd pHAcKdr\'I Md~iMd cpEA\'ln\'IACKdro, npox0pd nwHHcKdro
fdRpiiiAd 11·kciHcKdro DPrpJ. KopHrrcKdro IwdHHHK.IH AEBHYECKdro, 11 M11dAdr'\'l l(pH oyp0wd
// 11 iri B HEPOAH "'"'k cirOnovHRWHX'b. R\'I c11dR~ 11 Y~'b.26 . J1J-06onHTHO e, Ye B nocne,n;HaTa
cnasa cpb6CKHH Kpa.n CTecjlaH Ypow II M 11nyr11H, 41111rn MOLUH IT04J.IBaT B UbpKsarn
,,CB. Henen51"' B Co¢115I, e cnoMeHaT KaTO ,,npoctt51JI s 6onrapcKaTa 3eM5I".
III.3. YroYHeHH5I KbM JIHYHH 11MeHa, eTHOHHMH 11 TOnOHHMH.
111.3.1. ByKH4 11 ,[(parn4. Tipott3XO.l\bT 11 eTJ.IMOJIOrHRTa Ha HMeHarn ByKH4 J.I
,[(parn4 ca KOMeHTHpaHH rro,l\po6Ho OT Konerarn AneKcaH.l\bp HHKOJIOB27, nopa.l\H
KOeTO TYK HHMa ,l\a ce cn11paMe no1ipo6Ho Ha nx'.
III.3.2. C11MeoH Jia6ac. KaKTO e msecTHO, c rnsa 11Me Tia11c11?i Hap114a uap
C11MeoH BenHKH (893-927). ,[(ocera npo3BHLUeTo Jla6ac BHHarn ce e nnKysano
KaTO He51CHO, KaTO o6HKHOBCHO ce OT6eJU13Ba, Ye HaWH5IT HCTOpHK ro e B3eJT OT
TeKCTa Ha Op611H11 - Labasso. B cny<JaH Op611H11 HerrpasttJIHO e pa36pa.n csoH
H3T011HHK - BH3aHTHHCKH51 xpoHHCT OT XII a. tloaH 3ottapa, KOHTo n11rne 10D't"o 'TQl a1nwv iipzovn :EuµEwv A.a@&.£ l;11~oiivn 10\J Kma Pwµaiwv rroA.Eµov iipacrm
£(~ rrp6<pacr1v ~pKEGE [Ha Texmrn KHH3 C11MeoH, KOHTO c11 npcewe nosOAH ,l\a
3ano4He so?iHa cpemy poMeHTe, Tosa MY crnrawe 3a rrpe,l\nor.] (Tio,l\4eprnsaHeTo
Moe - ,[(.IT.) (Epitome historiarum, 40, 4--6). BcbLUHOCT A.a~ac; e cjlopMa 3a BJ.IH. rr.
MH. 4. OT CbLU. A.a~~' KOeTo 03Ha4asa noeoi!, npei!1102, yi!o6e11 c11y~au. ITbpBoTO
3HaYeH11e Ha TOBa CbW.eCTBttTentto o6aI.Je e OpbJICKa, pbKoxeamKa, erjJec, OTKb,IJ,eTo
TO HMa H 3Ha4eH11eTo xeau1au1. npueMau1 (Karn nern 3Ha4em1e s pe4HHKa Ha Liddell
25 3a "cJJaBttTe" BlK. CeJJttwes 1929: 222-227, 229-240 tt no-cneurraJJHO pa3npoCTpaHeHHeTo Ha Ta3H npaKTHKa H3 3ananH06b11rapCKHTe 3eMH - c. 276-278.
26 BlK. Tonoposa 1997: 272, 6eJJ. 261; CTOHHOB, Konos 1964: 157, 369. 27 BiK. HHKOJIOB 2013.
35
& Scott). Op6HHH RBHO ro e Bb3npHen Karn enHTeT Ha CHMeoH cbc 3Ha•ieH11e
'B3eMaWJUI', T.e. 3aeoeeamellfl. KoMeHTHpaHHJIT rpbU.KH TeKCT e nocoYeH 3a nopBH
nbT OT H. PaH11os, HO 6e3 rrpenpaTKH H TbJlKysaHe Ha rjiopMaTa (Randow 1984:
153).
III.3.3. <DHJlHITOnOJl. B CBOHTa HCTOp11H naHCHH Ha TPH MeCTa cnoMeHaBa
ct>111111norro11, HO 00,[I, TOBa Ha3BaHHe TOH pa36Hpa aHTHLfHH.sJT rpa.n. <l>HJIHITH HeJJ;aJieLf
OT Kasana, a He nnos11Hs. nnos1111s HaumRT HCTOpHK HapHYa c rypcKOTO MY
H33B3Htte cfJwzu6e' CbOTBeTHO rjJUJiu6eJIUUCKU. HeaHKO BH)l,lUT, qe He MOJKe .ua MY npOTHBOCTOH 11 H}IKaK CH c XHTpOCT H36HraJI
3ae)lHO c 6paT»Ta CH H OTHWbJl npH rpbUKH.II uap. 0H3H ro nptteJI H MHOfO MY
6naro.nap11n 3a y611ti.CTBOTO Ha uap Acett, ttapeKbJI ro csoti 6aLUa, nan MY 3a JKeHa CTapaTa CH Mai1:Ka, B,L{OBHUaTa Atttta, H ro Ha3H8l.fHJI 38 rettepaJI tta CTapHH
<D11nttnonon H ,[(paMa (l1Cn6, 316).
YI )l.OCera HMa 6e3JlIOlJ.Hl1 OT THX - OTTOraea OKOHalJaTeJIHO ca 3arrycTe1111
<I:>1111ttnorro11 11 Mapy11, a Jipyr11 Textt11 rpanose [ KaTo] ,QpaMa, Cepec, Kasana, ,ll,eMHp Heap, HeHo, OpsaH, Taco H MHoro 11pyrn OTTaTbK HHcHH [6HnH]
pa3opeH11. (J!CJ16, 326).
[Toi.\] npecensan rnp11H B EbJlrap11• 116bnrapH s rpbl\Karn 3eMH - s ,ll,paMa.
To3H rpa11 e [11eHTbp Ha] MaKel\OHHH, HCTHHCKHRT npecTOneH rpa11 Ha
<DHnHn (J!CJ16, 556).
OT TPHTe npHse11eHH 1\HTarn oco6eHo BHHMaHHe 3acny11<aBa nbpBHHT. HsaHKO,
cne.u KaTo 6.Hra BbB Btt3aHTH51, e HapeLieH AneKCHH H JJ.eHcTBHTeJIHO nonyYaBa 3a
ynpasneHHe nnos1111s 11 np11neJKau1arn MY o6nacT. B cnyYaH o6aYe Haw11.r HCTOpHK
5IBHO e no.use.ueH OT H3T04HHK3 CH, Kb.UCTO CbBCeM pe30HHO e CT051J10 Ha3B3HHCTO
<DHJlHnonon, o6mHaYasawo 0JlOBl\HB (Orbini, 453). na11CHH, KOHTO roe Bb3npHeJl
KaTO o603HaYeHHe Ha <f>HJlHOH, e no6aBHJ1 H /(pOMa, 3a )J,a nO)J.YepTae MCCTOOO
JlO)KCHHCTO Ha rpa.ua.
III.3 .4. H11cHH. To3H TOnOHllM ce cpewa BbB BTOpHR OT m6poeHHTe BbB Bpb3Ka
c <l>HJIHDOOOJl LI,HTaTH B KOHTCKCTa Ha MHOro Apyr11 KpenoCTH H rpa.uose H3
EenoMopHeTO, npes3ern OT qap Ace11 Cmapu. Toi.\ e nponycHaT s ofoopa Ha An. MHnes 3a rpb!IKHTe H naTllHCKH llYMH B JlcmopuR CJ1aBR1106bllwpcKa (M11nes 1962).
ETHMonornYeCKH Ha3saHHeTO Bb3XOJKl\a KbM rp. Vl'JCTU'!, 6yKB. ocmpoeume. TyK
na11rni1 Hai.\-sepOHTHO HMa npel\Bll):l l\HeWHHTe CTHJlHapcKH OCTpOBH - MaJlbK
apx11nenar, cflopMHpaLQ Hai1-H3TOYHaTa T01.{Ka Ha ATOHCKHH nonyocTpOB, Kb)].CTO HMa
rjiap. OcTpoBHTe ce HaMHpaT cesepo113T04HO OT X11neH11apcKHR MaHacrnp H 11011Hec
ca YaCT OT HeroBOTO 3eMJ1Hwe. B e11Ha pycKa Kaprn Ha Csern ropa OT XIX B., ny6-
Jl11KYBaHa Ha rjiop3a11a Ha penpHHTHOTO 1131\aHHe Ha nbTewecTBH•rn Ha B. fpHro
poBH4-EapcKH, ocTpOBHTe ca o6o3HaLieHH KaTo ,,OcTp. CTaKJiapa Httccu1". Bepo5ITHO pa3rosopHarn rjiopMa 3a o6mHaYasaHeTO Ha Tpme MHHHanopHH ocTpOBYern cpe11
x11neH11apcK0To MOHawecrno no speMeTO Ha DaHCllH, a 11npe311en11• XIX s. e 6Hna
36
npocrn HucWl. Bc'hll\HOCT s CJl)"laJI, aKO np11eMeM 1a ompasHa TO'IK!l XH.IleHAap, K'bAeTO
Da11c11H nHllie cso51Ta lfcn1opWl, ommambK HucWI 03Ha4aBa U3 EeII0Mopuen10.
111.3.5. TbpHoso- 3 rpaAa ... Cpema ce s cneAHl1• KOHTeKcT: ToH npbB Cbrpa.uHn TbpHoso -3 rpa.na Me)l(.uy [tt3BHBKHTe Ha] peKa 51HTpa H
nocTaBIUl TaM uapcKMJ:I npecTon (rrolt npBo C'b.PjJdAHA'b. TpHOBO f'- f'jldAJ. Mf1KA'6
jlfKI) raHTpa H T8 nocTdBHJ\'b. npfCTOA'b. LjdcKH) (lfC116, 546).
)J,1rneKoB ryK npeselK)\a ,, ... Tp11 KpenocT11 MelKAy peKarn 5iHTpa" ('-lepuoea, 243), a PaiiKoB - ,, ... 1arpaAI1Jl TbpHoso c Tp11 cTeH11 MelKAy Hero 11 5iHTpa ... " (PaiiKos 1972: 101). ITpoT11sope411eTO B cny'la• 11):\Ba OT 1Ha'leH11eTo Ha AyMaTa 2pao. B crnpo6'bnrapcK11 rp•g" MOJKe Aa o3Ha'laBa KaKTo 2pao s C'bBpeMeHHOTO 1Ha'leH11e Ha ,!l,yMaTa, TaKa 11 Kpenocn1, H KpenocmHa cmeHa, KaMeHeH 2paiJeJ1C, Ja2pa::HciJeHue. BcblUHOCT y f1a11c11H cTaBa JJ,yMa 3a TPHTe XbJJMa, cbcTaBJ151BaJ1H HCTop11Y:eCKOTO
•APO Ha rpaA T'bpHoso - IJ,apese11, Tpane11111a 11 MoM11Ha KpenocT ()J,es11HrpaA). ITpe3 CpeAHOBeKos11ern sceK11 OT rnx e 611n orpa11eH c OTAeJlHa cTeHa 11 e npeA
cTaBn.HsaJI caMOCTOHTenHa KpenocT, peen. rpa.u28 .
lll.4. KanK11 OT rp'b!1Kl1 11 Henpese11eH11 rp'b!1KH noH•rn•. JJI.4.1. Hc<ropHKH. Cpema ce s cneAHI1H KOHTeKcT:
AKo HaBHKHew 'l.feCTo .n;a YeTew 3a THX, me ce o6oraTHW c pa3yM
H HHMa Aa CH Heno11roTBeH H 6e3 OTfOBOp npeA MaJlKH ):\elja 11 npenpocm xopa, KOfaTO cnyYaHHO Te 3anHTaT 3a CTaHaJIHTe H.SIKOra no CBeTa
l\'bpKOBHfl ACHHH• 1111apCKH C'b6HTI1• (4pK°i• HC'1'¢p'iKH) (HCI16, la).
HC'1'¢p'iKH e AHpeKTHa KaJlKa OT rp. 1a imoptK<i ( cy6CTaHTI1B11paHo OT rnwptK6<;) 'ttcTOpHR, HCTOpttYeCKH pa3Ka3' (6yKB. 'ttcToptt4eCKHTe noseCTBOBaHH5IICb6HTH5I,
HCTOpHHTe, pa3Ka3HTe'). )J;wHeKOB npeBe)K)J.a TOBa M5ICTO c ,,rpa)K)J.aHCKaTa HCT0pH5I"
('-lepHo6a, 15 I), a PaiiKoB - c ,,11apcK11 HCTop1111" (PaiiKoB 1972: 19). ITpesoA'bT Ha )J,11HeKOB onpeAeJleHo He e C'bo6pa3eH c KOHTeKCTa 11 speMeTO Ha ITa11c1-1ii. P'bKOBO.JJ,eHKH Ce OT ¢opMaTa, H300JI3BaHa y ilaHCHH. H JIOrHKaTa Ha 6b11rapCKH5I e3HK,
CM5ITaMe B cnyYa5I 3a no-a)J,eKBaTeH npeBO)J, c MH. 11. (iJeRHUR), a He c e)J,. 1-J. KaKTO
npeAnonara rp'bl1KaTa cy6crnHTHBHpaHa cjlopMa- ucmopWl, T'bH Karn no T03H Ha4HH ce 3ana3sa napane11H3MbT B MHOTu:eCTBeHOTO 1-JHCJlO- iJeRHUR-Cb6UmUR (ucmopUKU). OcBeH TOBa CM5ITaMe 3a no-y.uaYeH npeBO)J,a CbC Cb6UmUR OTKOJIKOTO c ucmopuu, 3a
)J,a ce H36erHaT CbW.eCTBysaw.11Te B 6b11rapCKH5I e3HK KOHOTaUHH c HepeanHaTa
npHKa3HOCT, 3a110Tu:eHH s MHOTu:eCTBeHOTo YHcno - ucmopuu. HttTepectto e, ye
.JJ,pyrOTO, H 3acera e)J,HHCTBeHO H3BeCTHO MH, M.SICTO B 6bJJrapcKaTa HCTOp1111ecKa
KHH)f{HHHa, Kb)J,eTO ce cpew.a Tosa noH.SITHe, e KpaTKH.SIT 11eTon11ceu,, 3asopwsaw.
28 XbJIMbT MoMttHa KpenocT/,[1,es11ttrpa,u/Kb3Tene e ttaH-cna6o npoyqeHHHT OT TpH
Te KpenoCTH CbCTaBJIHBaJIH HCTOpHlleCKOTO H.UpO Ha cpe,UHOBeKOBHaTa frhnrapcKa CTOJlHU,a.
TibpBttTe pa3KOTIKH tta XbJIMa ca HarrpasettH OT K. illKopnttn. CneA Tosa apxeonor11tiecKtt
npoytisaHHH ca npasetttt npe3 1942-43 r., 1963 H npe3 nocneAHHTe HHKOJIKO rOAHHtt. Tiose-
4e BJK. y 0B40pOB 2006 H nasnOB 3.0.
37
,..,I
Y4HTenHOTO esattreJI11e Ha KoHcTaHTHH IlpecnascK11 OT KpaH Ha IX BeK, 03arnaseH
HcrropHKHH ~d Bord R'b. KpdT'b.lf'k, T.e. 'HcTopHHTa 3a Eora, T.e. cJTyY1111a ce no Eo)KH51
ITpoMHCbJI, pa3Ka3aHa HaKpaTKO'. Tia11c11H ecTecTsetto Hee no3HaB3Jl T03H H3Bop; H
B n:saTa cnyYaH CTaBa .n;yMa 3a He3aBHCHMa KaJIKa Ha e)l,HO H C'blU,O rpbU,KO nOHHTHe
c pa3CTOHHl1e OT oceM BeKa.
lll.4.2. XP"~"'· Cpel11a ce B cJJeAHHH KOHTeKCT: Te ce OTnpaBttJUf [BKynoM] c roJUIMa cwna cpew.y I1oaH I{anttMaH, HO Toti 6HJI or.ue no-6naronony4eH OT CBOH 6ama- xpa6bp (ndYE Wu,d cBoErO s11Jro11011l>vEH'h
ti XPH~'h) H H3KyceH B 6mKa (HCn6, 32a).
Mm1eB TbJJKyBa XP"~"' Karn xpucUM (MttJJeB 1962: 404). ,Ll)·IHeKoB H PaiiKOB npeselKABT Cbc UfOCl11llUB H ~ecmum ( '!ep11oea, 208; PaiiKOB 1972: 69), OT'IHTBHKH HBHO KJJaCtt'leCKHTe 3HB'leHHH Harp. xp~cnµos. CnopeA Hae TYK no-BepoJITHO e o6a'le na11c11ii Aa e OCTBBHJI 6e3 npeBOA He rp. xp~cnµos, a XPTJOTOS B 3Ha'!eHHe CMeJl,
xpa6op (Bll<. PAIITH tt ITAMATAKOY). IIl.4.3. MMIHHf. CpeU1a ce B CJJei:(HHJ! KOHTeKcT: 3aTosa Te OOBHKaJIH Mypa.n c fOJUJMa Mon6a ;::i:a rH 33W:HTH (tt1011EHHEM'b.
BMllKll .. 'h) OT 6bnrapttTe (HCn6, 45a).
H .[(ttHeKOB, H PaiiKOB npeBelK):(aTryK c 20RJ1Ma,11on6a ( 'Iepuoea, 227; PaiiKOB 1972: 87). CnopeA Hae no-JJom'IHO e ryK Aa npe):(nOJJOJKHM, 'le crnsa AYMB He npocrn 3a MOJlfia. B CJiyLJaJI 3Hat.teHHeTo Ha CT6. MOJ\fHHf ce noKpHBa CbC 3Hal..feHtteTo Harp.
ixEa{a - MOfl6a 3a noMOUJ u 3au1uma.
lll.4.4. HAlfHOBd'l'H CA Cpel11a ce B CJJei:(HHH KOHTeKCT: CseTHTe 6bnrapcKH MbLJ:eHHU.H, npocnas111111 ce (Ko11H·Ko HAHHSi--0'1" cE) npe)ltt
BpeMe B Csern fopa AmttcKa, B Mattacrnpa 3orpacjJ (HCn6, Korn., 796).
Y ,ll;ttHeKOB ,, ... KOJIKOTo ce tt36poasaT ... ", y PaHKoB ,, ... KOHTO Hai1-HanpeL1. ce
cnoMeHaBaT ... " ('Iep11oea, 268; PaiiKOB 1972: 124). Bcbl11HOCT Haii-sepoHTHO TYK cTasa ,n:yMa 3a KaJIKa OT rpbU,Ktt. EbJirapCKHJIT rnaro11 HMEHOBdTH chi e npaKo CbOT
BeTCTBtte Ha rp. Cxvoµci~oµat, KOHTO B e.ll,HO OT 3HaLJ:eHHJITa CH ce npese)K,n:a KaTO
npoCRaBJU11 ce, cmaeOM U3eecmrn (no l{BopelJKU). Ill.4.5. ttoYOAHbH'h.. Cpel11a ce B cne):(HHJI KOHTeKcT: TaKa 25-MaTa Mbl.!ettHU:tt npe.n.a1111 cso11re cseTH )lywH s Eo*HHTe pbU,e. [Ero]
H rexHHTe HMetta no craprnttttcrso ( 1lttlfHd Hxh 11 n.iv~11HH) (J1Cn6, Korn., 80a).
,llttHeKoB ocTaBJI CbI.I.J:aTa .QyMa ,,TexHttTe HaqaJIHH HMeHa ca", Pai1KoB npe-
BeJKAa c ,,TexHttTe nbpBH HMeHa ca" ('Iep11oea, 269; PaiiKOB 1972: 124). Tbii KaTO CTaBa ,n:yMa 3a MOHaCH, KOHTO npHHIJ.HilHO HJIMaT ITbpBH HMeHa, rro-sepOJITHO e 11a
l/aJJHU B CJT)'t.faJI .n:a e KanKa Harp. Hapeqtte UxtKffiS on1caM01no11al/a110 H .ua 03HaI.Jasa
no 2Jlaee11cmeo, no cmaptuuucmeo.
Ill.5. lpelUKH B 'IJJeHeHHeTO Ha TeKCTa.
Ill .5 .1 . EAHHCTBeHOTO Hepa36HpaHe OT CTpaHa HB npenHCBB'IHTe Ha HCTOpttna Ha nbpBoo6pa3a HJJH '!epHOBaTa, e cneAHOTo:
38
Ho uap AJTeKCHH OTHOBO cb6paJI roJTHMa soHcKa 11 113npaT1111 cpemy AceH
Bac111111H H KocTaHTHH (H npd'l'HA'h Hd 11c1'Hd c BdCHAHd H KOC'l'dH'l'HHd), rpbUKH
soeHaLiaJIHI1UH H rettepa1111, c 270 XHJT511U1, HO no EOJKH51 BOJUI 6b11rap11Te fl1 no6eJJ.11JTJ1 11 fH nopo6111111 H HHKOH OT TibJIKOBOJJ.UHTe He ce Bbpttan np11 uap
AneKCHH (HCJ16, 296).
CbYeTaH11eTo BacWiuit u KoHcmaHmUH ce YeTe eJJ.HHCTBeHo B 4-epHoBaTa. B ocTaHaJH1Te npenHCH BM. c 8dCHAHJ\\ H ce Il051B51Ba He51CHOTO CHi1Hd. Cb., sepOHTHO IlJIO,[I, Ha
rpeIJJHO pa3YHTaHe HJlH CJTOBOpa3)J.eJT.HHe OT CTpaHa Ha npenHCBaYa Ha 6eJTOBH51,
peen. 6e110BHTe eK3eMnIT.HpH Ha Hcn1opuama. BCblll.HOCT He e a:cHo KaKBO 11 Koro
11Ma ryK npeJJ.BHA TiaHcHH. MopJJ.aH I1saHoB, HBHO nOJJ. BJlH51HHe Ha npenHCHTe,
pa34!1Ta 1)'K CBd CHAHd (l!!saHOB 1914: 38) BM. c BdCHAtfd29 . <l>aKT e, Ye el(HHCTBeHO
YeTeHeTO Bacwiuu u Ko11cma11mu11 He Hapywasa CbrJiacysaHeTO Ha cjlpa3arn. l!! sa
pttaHTHTe OT npenHcttTe, H YeTeHeTo Ha H. HsaHoB ca s p33pe3 c norHKaTa Ha TeKcTa.
l!!MeHarn Ha Bacwrnii 11 KoHCTaHTHH BbB Bpb3Ka c uap AceH He cjl11ryp11paT y Mas po
Op611H11, HO MaJIKO npel\11 TOBa B HeroBHH TeKCT ce rosop11 3a ffMnepamop BacUJ1uu (Orbini, 445). BepOHTHO TOBa e cnoMornano B cny'la• 3a no•sarn Ha T0311 aHa
xpoHH3bM. B H3TOYHHUHTe Bac111111H bbnrapoy611eu ce cnoMettasa 3aentto cbc CBOH
6paT 11 CbHMneparnp KoHCTaHTHH VIII (uapysan caMOCTOHTeJJHO s nepttol(a 1025-1028) HMeHHO B CbYeTaHHeTo BacUJiuii u Ko11cma11mu11. Tosa CbYeTatt11e e BJT513JlO
KaTo TOnoc H B I1aHCHeBH51 TeKCT.
lll.6. i'(pyrn e311KOBl1 YT04HeHHH.
III.6.1. sMlOB'kAdTH. Cpewa ce B CJJel(HHH KOHTeKcT:
EaT051, KpaJI c1111ett H xpa6bp B 6HTKHTe, B3eJI 3eMH OT H11ll1KaTa enapxHH,
CKOTICK8Ta 11 lVIJTaTa oxpHJJ.CKa 3eM51 11 BnaneHH51T8 (KOAHKO ~dl10B'kAd) Ha naTp11apllIH51:Ta30 11 nocTaB1111 npecT011a [c11] B OxpHJJ., rpa.na IOcTHHHattos
(HC;16, 11 a).
I1HTepecttoTo TYK e, Ye rnaroJTbT ~d.nOB'kAdTH e H3nOJ13BaH B 3HaYett11e 3ae;1aiJRBGM, BJiaiJea. TaKOBa 3Hal.leHHe Ha rnarona He e per11cTpHpaHO B HHTO e)J,HH OT
CTapo6bJirapCKHTe HJTH UbpKOBHOCJTaBHHCKHT~ pel.IHHUH.
III.6.2. ""'"'L\'h c'h Hdnttc.H.i<M'h THTM L\P"'"'· Cpewa ce B cJJel\HHH KOHTeKcT: To311 Acett Tibps1161111 6b11rapcK11 uap, a n.pu11Te OT 3as11cT ro HapeKJIH XacattKacatt. Tio ottosa speMe JlbB Mcasbp BOLl,eJT rOJI51Ma soHtta c apa6CKH51 uap
Ka<1>11na 11 HHKaK He MOJKeJI JJ,a ro no6eJJ,J1. f1opaJJ,l1 TOBa TIOBHKaJI Ha noMOlll
Kpan Acett 11 JJ.an ll)'Ma .na MY JJ.aJJ,e uap~Ka THTJia 11 KopoHa (H w~liHiJdli'b.· Ad'T'H·
E111S· B'kttfU/h· c'b. ttdnHcdH.iEM'b.· 'l'H'l'Ad u,pKdh\.), KaKBaTo IOcTHHHaH no-npeJJ.H
61111 o6eman .na .na.ne Ha Tp11se1111H, HO cneJJ, TOBa, KaTo no11yLI11n Tpotta c11,
He6naro;::i;apHHKbT H3Jibran, KaKTO ce Ka3a 11 no-paHo. (HC!l6, 16a--6).
l!! i'(11HeKoB, 11 PaiiKOB npeBeJKl(aT 6yKsanHo - ,,BeHel1 c Hal(nttc !{apCKa mum11a" (lfep1106a, 177; PaiiKoB 1972: 41 ). BcbwHOCT l\YMarn "'"""""' OTrosap•
19 y f1a11c11H H51Ma pa3JIHKa MeJKllY 33TIHCBaHeTO Hau l1 H.
3° CTasa AYMa 3a OxpHJJ.CKaTa apx11en11cKon11H.
39
Ha rpDUKOTO ypacpi] H MO)f(e )].a 03HaYaBa KaITTO nUCMO, HanucaHue' TaKa H HaiJnuc,
mumHa. BepoHTHO B cny4a• crnsa 11yMa 3a 1.1apCKa Kopotta H 110KyMeHT, y11ocrn
sepJ1sarn; uapcKaTa THTJia.
III.6.3. "''¥.'"'"' HOBHHd ,; KH'l'd'l''b. itc'l'opH• it pEYH np•~Hit. Cpellla ce B cne11HHH
KOHTeKCT:
KoJIKOTO TeXHH KHHfH HMa 3a KpaneTe HM, BbB BCHKa n11rne pa3JJl14HO H
HecornacyBaHo. KoH KaKTO HCKaJl H KaKTO 4YJI OT npOCTHTe xopa, TaKa H
ttanucan. 3aTosa nopaAtt HecorJJacysattttTe 11M 113secTH» He MO)J(e ZJ;a ce pa36epe
If OHOBa, KOeTO e BHpHO 11 e HCTHHa. 11 JJ,ocera HHKOH OT THX s.uuraT rnyM 11
peAHT HCTOpHH If peY:H npaJHH ( R'¥,dT'h HORHHd fl KHTd'T"b HcTopttd H pEYH npd~ttH. ),
HO HHM8T HHTO eJJ,HO crapHHHO CBHJJ,eTeJICTBO 38 CBOH POA, KaKBlfTO HMaT
fibnrapHTe OT rpb!.1KHTe H JlBTHHCKHTe HCTOpHH (HCn6, 406).
y )J;HHeKOB ,, ... Ba)].JIT HOBH Hema H HaTbKMHBaT HCTOpHH H npa3HH peYH ... ", y
PailKOB ,, ... nmuaT MHoro H yKpacasaT HCTOpHH H npa3HH pe4H ... " ( 'fep1wea, 221; PafiKOB 1972: 82). CT6. KH'l'd'l'H e OT e11HH KOpeH cbc Kumrn CbC 3Ha4em1e 'cb611paM
Ha KHTKH, pe)].51, no)].pe)l()].aM, np11611paM' orraM H 'cTbKM51BaM, TbKM51'. OT Cbll.l,HJI
KOpeH e H npHll. KUmeu, )].OKaTO Cb4eTaHtteTO eaiJa1n H08Ulla CbM CKJlOHeH )].a
pa3rJle)f()].aM B CMHCbJla Ha npeiJcmaeflm 20 Kama HOBuHa, eiJuzam tuy;w.
IV. /IHTeparypen HnH HcTopHqecKH naMeTHHK e HcTopHH cnaBHH06bnrapcKa?
Tipe3 1.1emrn XX seK npoH3se11eHHeTo Ha Tia11c11il e pa3rneJK11aHo H3KJJID4H
TenHo KaTo JIHTeparypeH naMeTHHK 6e3 HHK8KBa HCT0pH4eCKa CTOi1HOCT. AKO
norne)].HeM o6aYe HcmopURn1a OT HCTopttYecKa nepcneKTHBa, me ycTaHOBHM, Ye
KaTo H3KJTJOLJHM H51KOJ1KOTO aHaxpoHH3bMa, KaTO HanpttMep AceH Be11ttKH H Kpan
EopHC B 30paTa Ha 6bnrapcKaTa HCTOp11H HJIH KOHTaMHHHpaHHTe HCTOpw4eCKH
JJH4HOCTH (KoHCTaHTHH illHlllMaH - KOHTaMHHa!.1HH MelK!ly MHxaHJJ illH!llMaH H
KoHCTaHTHH AceH THx - HJIH AceH Bem1KH - KOHTaMHHa1.111• c Tepsen), Ille
ycTaHOBHM, ye CTattCHii e HMaJI )].OCTa CXO,UHH C H8lUHTe Il03H8HH51 no 6b11rapcKa
HCT0pH51 H npOH3Be)].eHtteTO MY no HHll.l,O He OTCTbnBa Ha Haii-)].o6pttTe HCTOpHO
rpac}JcKH o6pa3UH Ha HerosaTa enoxa. Bcbll.l,HOCT CTa11c11eBHJ1T TeKCT e npe)].11 BCHYKO
HCToptt51. HauttoHaJTHHJIT naToc npastt Ta3H ttcToptt51 ycnewHa H » Hanara B ycllo
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40
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