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CAD (Computer Aided Design)

CAD is an electronic tool that enables you tomake quick and accurate drawings with theuse of a computer.

CAD involves creating computer modelsdefined by geometrical parameters. Thesemodels typically appear on a computer

monitor as a three dimensionalrepresentation of a part or a system of parts,which can be readily altered by changingrelevant parameters.

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CAD systems enable designers to viewobjects under a wide variety of 

representations and to test theseobjects by simulating real-worldconditions.

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CIM

CIM is the integration of  

Computer in Product design Computer in process design

Computer in Electronic design

Computer aided process planning Numerical control Group technology

Automated storage retrieval and handling Computer aided testing and inspection Computer aided factory management Flexible manufacturing system

CAD

CAM

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What is CAD…?

Computer in the process design Model that express the system behavior

(dynamic)

Differential equation (physically based) Statistically models Time series models: output is function of 

the output previous values as well as theinput present and previous values.

Parameters of the system are changed untilthe system gives the appropriate response.

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CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Design phase Required CAD tools

Design conceptualization Geometric modeling techniques; Graphicsaids; manipulations; and visualization

Designmodeling and simulation

Same as above; animation; assemblies;special modeling packages.

Design

analysis

Analysis packages; customized programsand packages.

Designoptimization

Customized applications; structuraloptimization.

Designevaluation

Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.

Designcommunication and documentation

Drafting and detailing…

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Computer-Aided Design Process

Two types of activities:synthesis and analysis

Synthesis is largelyqualitative and hard to

capture on computer Analysis can be greatly

enhanced withcomputers

Once analysis is

complete, designevaluation- rapidprototyping

Software packages fordesign optimization

Design modeling,

Simulation & Animation

Design Analysis

Design Documentation

Design Evaluation

Prototyping

Design Optimization

Size & Shape

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Scope of CAD

Presentations Flexibility Units and Accuracy levels

Storage and access for drawings Sharing CAD drawings Project Reporting Engineering analysis CAM Add –on programmes

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CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAM is the use of computer based softwaretools that assists engineers and machins inmanufacturing or prototyping product

components. CAM is a programming toolthat makes it possible to manufacturephysical models using computer aideddesign programs.

CAM was first used in 1971 for car bodydesign

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What is CAM…?

Computer aided process planning

Numerical control (NC)

Group technology

Automated storage retrieval and handling

Computer aided testing and inspection

Computer aided factory management

Flexible manufacturing system

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CAM uses geometrical design data tocontrol automated machinery. CAM

system was associated with computernumerical control (CNC) or directnumerical control (DNC) systems.

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The Manufacturing Process (CAM)

Process Planning

Design & Procurement

of new ToolsProduction Planning Material Selection CNC Programming

Production

Packaging

Quality Control

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CAD/CAM in an engineeringenvironment and identify existing andfuture related tools, a study of atypical product cycle is necessary. Thefollowing Figure shows a flowchart of such a cycle

The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM

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The CAM Process

Design

needs

Design

definitions,

specifications, and

requirements

Collecting

relevant design

information and

feasibility study

Design

conceptualization

Design

modeling and

simulation

Design

analysis

Design

optimization

Design

evaluation

Design

documentation and

communication

Process

 planning

Order materials

Design and

 procurement of 

new tools

Production

 planning

 NC, CNC, DNC

 programming

ProductionQuality

control

Packaging

Marketing

Shipping

Typical Product Life Cycle

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Implementation of a Typical CAM Processon a CAD/CAM system

Geometric model

Interfacealgorithms

Process planning

Inspection

Assembly

Packaging

To shipping and marketing

 NC programs

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Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on

Their Constituents

Mfg tools

 Networking

Design tools

Geometric

modeling

Computer 

graphics

concepts

CAD/CAM

tools

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Advantages of CAD/CAM systems

Greater flexibility. Reduced lead times.

Reduced inventories. Increased Productivity. Improved customer service. Improved quality.

Improved communications with suppliers.

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• Better product design.

• Greater manufacturing control.

• Supported integration.• Reduced costs.

• Increased utilization.

• Reduction of machine tools.• Less floor space.

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Continuous flow processes

Example: oil refineries and chemical plantsautomation has reached a very high stateof development.

Sensors measure critical process variables inreal time and feed the measurement back to thecontrol computer.

The computer exercises an on-line optimizationto determine any needed adjustments in thecontrolled process components.

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Human interaction in continuousflow processes.

The process is fullyautomated withhuman monitoring

the process in acontrol roomcontainingreadouts of the

process variablesand parametersettings.

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Mass Production of discrete items

Ex: Automobile components.

Usually called flow lines or transfer lines.

Many special machines arranged sequentially. Workparts are transferred automatically from one machinesto another. The machine performs their operationsautomatically.

Ex: Robot welding, painting, parts handling and so on.

Automated flow lines are flexible Through the use of computer and flexible manufacturing system

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Software Providers Today

•The largest CAM software companies (by revenue 2005) are

UGS Corp (now owned by Siemens and called Siemens PLMSoftware, Inc) and Dassault Systèmes, both with over 10%of the market.

•CAMWorks (From Geometric Ltd) is the first CAM package

with Automatic Feature Recognition Technology,PTC, HitachiZosen and Delcam have over 5% each.

• while Planit-Edgecam, Tebis, TopSolid, CATIA,CNC (Mastercam), SolidCAM, DP Technology's ESPRIT,

OneCNC, and Sescoi between 2.5% and 5% each.

•The remaining 35% is accounted for by other nichesuppliers like T-FLEX,Dolphin CAD/CAM, MecSoft Corporation, SurfCAM, BobCAD, Metamation, GibbsCAM,and SUM3D .

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

   P  e  r  c  e  n   t  o   f   R  e  s  p  o  n   d  e  n   t  s

   l  o  w  e  r  m   f  g .  c  o  s   t

   h   i  g   h  e  r  p  r  o   d  u  c   t

  q  u  a   l   i   t  y

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  c  o  n   t  r  o   l

   b  e   t   t  e  r

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  r  e   d  u  c  e   d

   i  n  v  e  n   t  o  r  y

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  o   t   h  e  r

Expected Benefits of CIM

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CIM Wheel - 1985

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  Some picture 

related to 

CAD and CAM 

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Queries Please………?????

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Thanks for ………………………