2
&% b]lv *) lbgdf kfSg] kf}li6s kmfObf g]kfndf d'+u v]tLsf nflu cfjZos hfgsf/Lx? cfDbfgLsf] >f]t df6f]sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmdf ;'wf/ cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t !) d'+usf] bfgfdf Unf]a'lng k|f]l6g x'G5 h'g ;lhn};Fu kRg] x'gfn] afnaflnsf, la/fdL JolQm tyf h]i7 gful/sx?sf nflu clt g} /fd|f] x'G5 . d'+usf] lk7f] ld;fPsf] afnef]hg jf tof/L kf}li6s cfxf/ d'+u l6lk;s]kl5sf] afFsL emfD6fnfO{ df6f]df ldnfpFbf df6f]sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ NofpF5 / kl5NNff] afnLsf] pTkfbg a9fpF5 . Ps la3f hldgdf nufOPsf] afnLaf6 &% b]lv *) lbgd} sl/a *) xhf/;Dd cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 . !) !) d'+u 5f]6f] cjlwdf tof/ x'g] afnL xf], h;sf] v]tL g]kfndf d'Vo ul/ lxFpb]afnL h:t}M tf]/L, cfn', ux'F, d;'/f], rgf cflb afnL sfl6 ;s]kl5 jif]{ wfg nufpg'eGbf cufl8sf] vfnL ;dodf ul/G5 . d'+uafnLaf6 dgUu] cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 . Ps la3fdf sl/a @) b]lv @% s]hL gfO6«f]hg l:y/Ls/0f ul/ df6f]df ldnfpF5 h'g $# b]lv %% s]hL o'l/of a/fa/ xf] . ;/b/ pTkfbg lbPsf] d'+uafnLdf Ps la3fdf !) b]lv !@ d]l6«s 6g emfD6f lg:sG5 h;nfO{ hf]Tg] qmddf ;lhn} df6f]df ldnfpg ;lsG5 . o;n] df6f]df /x]sf] gfO6«f]hgsf] dfqf a9fO kl5NNff] afnLsf nflu df6f]nfO{ dlnnf] agfpF5 . d'+usf] ;Dk"0f{ bfgfdf @$ k|f]l6g kf}li6s kmfObf d'+udf dflg;n] ;lhn};Fu krfpg ;Sg] Unf]a'lng k|f]l6g x'G5M d'+usf] bfgfnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf vfBj:t' pTkfbg ug{ k|of]u ul/G5 : d'+u au{/ nufotsf zfsfxf/L vfgf agfpg k|of]u ul/G5 . bfndf]7 bfn e'lhof ;nfb au{/ 6';f ?= *),))) &%-*) lbgdf d'+uafnL Ps ! kmfObf cg]s !!! d+'usf] e'lhof bfndf]7 d'+usf] h/fdf x'g] luvf{x?n] jfo'd08ndf ePsf] gfO6«f]hgnfO{ df6f]df NofpF5 / df6f] dlnnf] agfpF5 . d'+usf] 6';f d'+u v]tL k|ljlw r}q ! !) h]7 @) h]7 pGgt tl/sf ckgfO Ps la3fdf nufOPsf] d'+uaf6 ?= *),))) ;Dd cfDbfgL = ! la3f = ?=!),))) d'+u bfnsf] k"0f{ bfgfsf ;fy} d'+u ldl>t ljleGGf vfB pTkfbgx? h:t}M bfndf]7, e'lhof, c+s'l/t 6';f, ;nfb, xn'jf, e]h au{/ cflb ;a} pd]/;d"xsf nflu pkof]uL x'G5 . k|d'v kmfObfx? M gf= gf= gf= gf gf= sf]zf l6lk;s]kl5sf] d'+usf] emfD6fnfO{ df6f]df ldnfpFbf df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ / gfO6«f]hgsf] dfqf a9fpF5 . o'l/of @)-@% s]hL gfO6«f]hg $#-%% s]hL o'l/of 1 @ # ! @ # sf]zf l6kfO o'l/of;Fu t'ngf ubf{ Partners Funded by d'+usf] c+s'l/t 6';fdf @* k|f]l6g

d'+uafnL Ps kmfObf cg]s · Wofg /fvf}+ ! L o r e m hldgsf] 5gf]6 d'+usf] hft aLp b/ / nufpg] ;do d'+u v]tLaf/] hfgsf/L hldg s:tf] x'g'k5{ < dlnnf] l;+rfO tyf hnlgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: d'+uafnL Ps kmfObf cg]s · Wofg /fvf}+ ! L o r e m hldgsf] 5gf]6 d'+usf] hft aLp b/ / nufpg] ;do d'+u v]tLaf/] hfgsf/L hldg s:tf] x'g'k5{ < dlnnf] l;+rfO tyf hnlgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]

&% b]lv *) lbgdf kfSg]kf}li6s kmfObf

g]kfndf d'+u v]tLsf nflu cfjZos hfgsf/Lx?

cfDbfgLsf] >f]t

df6f]sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/

df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmdf ;'wf/

cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t

!)d'+usf] bfgfdf Unf]a'lng k|f]l6g x'G5 h'g ;lhn};Fu kRg] x'gfn] afnaflnsf, la/fdL JolQm tyf h]i7 gful/sx?sf nflu clt g} /fd|f] x'G5 .

d'+usf] lk7f] ld;fPsf] afnef]hg jf tof/L kf}li6s cfxf/

d'+u l6lk;s]kl5sf] afFsL emfD6fnfO{ df6f]df ldnfpFbf df6f]sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ NofpF5 / kl5NNff] afnLsf] pTkfbg a9fpF5 .

Ps la3f hldgdf nufOPsf]

afnLaf6 &% b]lv *) lbgd}

sl/a *) xhf/;Dd cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 .

!)!)d'+u 5f]6f] cjlwdf tof/ x'g] afnL xf], h;sf] v]tL g]kfndf d'Vo ul/ lxFpb]afnL h:t}M tf]/L, cfn', ux'F, d;'/f], rgf cflb afnL sfl6 ;s]kl5 jif]{ wfg nufpg'eGbf cufl8sf] vfnL ;dodf ul/G5 .

d'+uafnLaf6 dgUu] cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 .

Ps la3fdf sl/a @) b]lv @% s]hL gfO6«f]hg l:y/Ls/0f ul/ df6f]df ldnfpF5 h'g $# b]lv %% s]hL o'l/of a/fa/ xf] .

;/b/ pTkfbg lbPsf] d'+uafnLdfPs la3fdf !) b]lv !@ d]l6«s 6g emfD6f lg:sG5 h;nfO{ hf]Tg] qmddf ;lhn} df6f]df

ldnfpg ;lsG5 .

o;n] df6f]df /x]sf] gfO6«f]hgsf] dfqf a9fO kl5NNff] afnLsf nflu df6f]nfO{

dlnnf] agfpF5 .

d'+usf] ;Dk"0f{

bfgfdf

@$�k|f]l6g

kf}li6s kmfObfd'+udf dflg;n] ;lhn};Fu krfpg ;Sg] Unf]a'lng k|f]l6g x'G5M

d'+usf] bfgfnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf vfBj:t' pTkfbg ug{ k|of]u ul/G5 :d'+u au{/ nufotsf

zfsfxf/L vfgf agfpg k|of]u ul/G5 .

bfndf]7bfne'lhof

;nfbau{/6';f

?=*),)))

&%-*)lbgdf

d'+uafnL Ps ! kmfObf cg]s !!!

d+'usf] e'lhof bfndf]7

d'+usf] h/fdf x'g] luvf{x?n] jfo'd08ndf ePsf] gfO6«f]hgnfO{ df6f]df NofpF5 / df6f] dlnnf] agfpF5 .

d'+usf] 6';f

d'+u v]tL k|ljlw

r}q ! !)h]7 @)h]7

pGgt tl/sf ckgfO Ps la3fdf nufOPsf] d'+uaf6 ?= *),))) ;Dd cfDbfgL

=! la3f

= ?=!),)))

d'+u bfnsf] k"0f{ bfgfsf ;fy} d'+u ldl>t ljleGGf vfB pTkfbgx? h:t}M bfndf]7, e'lhof, c+s'l/t 6';f, ;nfb, xn'jf, e]h au{/ cflb ;a} pd]/;d"xsf nflu pkof]uL x'G5 .

k|d'v kmfObfx? M

gf=

gf=

gf=

gf

gf=

sf]zf l6lk;s]kl5sf] d'+usf] emfD6fnfO{ df6f]df ldnfpFbf df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ / gfO6«f]hgsf] dfqf a9fpF5 .

o'l/of

@)-@% s]hLgfO6«f]hg

$#-%% s]hLo'l/of

1

@

#

!

@

#

sf]zf l6kfO o'l/of;Fu t'ngf ubf{

PartnersFunded by

d'+usf] c+s'l/t

6';fdf

@*�k|f]l6g

Page 2: d'+uafnL Ps kmfObf cg]s · Wofg /fvf}+ ! L o r e m hldgsf] 5gf]6 d'+usf] hft aLp b/ / nufpg] ;do d'+u v]tLaf/] hfgsf/L hldg s:tf] x'g'k5{ < dlnnf] l;+rfO tyf hnlgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]

Wofg /fvf}+ !

Lo

rem

hldgsf] 5gf]6

d'+usf] hft

aLp b/ / nufpg] ;do

d'+u v]tLaf/] hfgsf/L

hldg s:tf] x'g'k5{ <

dlnnf] l;+rfO tyf hnlgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]

sNof0fk|ltIffk|lt1f

xn'sf df6f] eP /fd|f]

df6f]df cfjZos

lk=Pr=sf] dfg ^=@-&=@

l;kmfl/; ePsf l;kmfl/; pGd'v

;d'Gb|

!))) ld6/ prfO;Dd ;txb]lv sl/a

af/L d'+uP;PdPn ^^*kGt d'+u-%

aLp b/:

^))-*)) u|fd

=

aLp 5g]{ ;do

v]tL k|ljlw

Ps la3f

!^-!& lsnf] aLp

! la3fdf

d'+usf] v]tL t/fO{ / dWo kxf8df ;d]t ug{ ;lsG5

v]t hf]t]/ kf6f nufO;s]kl5 lgDg tl/sfn] d'+u 5g{ ;lsG5 Mxftn] Psgfz x'g] ul/ 5g]{

aLp 5g]{ emf]n] d]lzg k|of]u ug]{

aLp dn 5g]{ l;8 l8«n d]lzg k|of]u ug]{

of] d]lzgn] lagf vghf]t klg 5g{ ;lsG5 .

/fOhf]ljod lhjf0f'n] aLp pkrf/ ubf{ h/fdf luvf{x? a9fpF5 / df6f]df gfO6«f]hg l:y/Ls/0f ug{ ;xof]u u5{ .

d'+u 5g]{ a]nfdf df6f]df kof{Kt lr:ofg x'g' clgjfo{ 5 .

nfOgdf d'+u 5bf{ sd aLp nfU5 ;fy} uf]8d]n ug{, ljifflb 5g{ / sf]zf l6Kg ;lhnf] x'G5 .

aLp 5g]{ ulx/fO # b]lv % ;]ld x'g'k5{ . lr:ofg sd ePsf] df6f]df # ;]ld / lr:ofg a9L ePsf] df6f]df % ;]ldsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5g'{kb{5 .

aLpd'+u bfnsf]

# b]lv% ;]ld

dnvfb Joj:yfkg l;FrfO

sL/f tyf /f]u Joj:yfkg

sf]zf l6kfO, pTkfbg / e08f/0f

Ps s7\7f d'+u nufpFbf cfjZos kg]{ dnsf] dfqf M

@))-#)) lsnf] uf]7]dn jf sDkf]i6

# lsnf] l8PkL

8]9 lsnf] kf]6f;dn

k|f+ufl/s jf /f;folgs dn xfNbf /fd|f];Fu df6f]df ldnfpg'k5{ .

klxnf]pd|]sf] !% b]lv @) lbgdf

bf]>f] km"n km"n]sf] a]nfdf

d'+uafnLdf km"n nfUf]sf] a]nf ;s];Dd /f;folgs ljifflb g5/f}+ .

k+x]nf] df]hfOs efO/;, kftsf] l;Gb'/] / kftsf] 89'jf /f]u d'+uafnLdf nfUg] d'Vo /f]ux? x'g\ . olb oL /f]ux? b]lvPdf tTsfn} /f]uu|:t af]6x? pv]n]/ hnfpg] jf hldgd'lg ufl8lbg] ug'{kb{5 .

olb afnLdf /f]u a9L g} b]lvPdf a]leli6g &) 8An'lk -sfj]{G8flhd_ @ u|fdsf nflu Ps ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO 5g'{kb{5 . ofb ug'{xf];\, of] lg0f{o lng' cufl8 s[lif k|fljlws;Fu ;Nnfx lng' pko'Qm x'g]5 .

klxnf] l6kfO d'+u 5/]sf] %) b]lv ^) lbgkl5 ;'? x'G5 .

bf]>f] l6kfO d'+u 5/]sf] &) lbgkl5 ;'? x'G5 .

pGgt tl/sfn] u/]sf] d'+u v]tLdf Ps s7\7fd} sl/a #) b]lv $) lsnf] cyf{t\ Ps la3fdf ^)) b]lv *)) lsnf]] d'+u pTkfbg x'G5 .

bfgfdf lr:ofgsf] dfqf !@ b]lv !$ k|ltzt ;Dd x'g'kb{5 . o;sf] cy{ d'+usf] bfgfnfO{ ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug{sf] nflu bfgfnfO{ bfFtn] 6f]Sbf lsl6Ss cfjfh cfpg] x'g'kb{5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofsf] cGgafnL k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ Nofpg l;;f kl/of]hgf (CSISA Project) ;g\ @))( df ;'? ePsf] xf] . of] kl/of]hgf cGt/f{li6«o ds} tyf ux'FafnL ;'wf/ s]Gb|n] cGt/f{li6«o vfB gLlt cg';Gwfg ;+:yfg / cGt/f{li6«o wfgafnL cg';Gwfg ;++:yfg;Fusf] ;xsfo{

/ nlIft b]zsf s[lif cg';Gwfg / k|;f/df sfo{/t lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;Grfng ub{5 . o; OGkmf]u|flkmS;df ePsf ljj/0f tyf ljrf/x?n] lan P08 d]ln08f u]6\; kmfpG8];g, o'P;P8 / ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf ljrf/x?nfO{ k|ltlalDjt ub}{gg\ / o;nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf]

lj1fkg jf pTkflbt j:t'sf] ;dy{g jf k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu k|of]u ul/g] 5}g . ;xL p¢/0fM vgfn, Pg=kL, ;fksf]6f, Pd=, e6\6, Pd=, 9'+ufgf, Pr=, b/fO{, cf/=, sfˆn], P;=, qm'lKgs, l6=h]=, @)!(= d'+uafnL Ps kmfObf cg]s . l;dL6 / l;;f kl/of]hgf, sf7df08f}, g]kfn .

www.csisa.org

! $ %

%

&

@

#

ljifflb 5bf{ ;'/Iffsf nflu clgjfo{ ?kdf df:s, kGhf, Pk|f]g / a'6h'Qf nufpg'xf];\ .

km"n km"Ng ;'? x'g' cl3 dfq ljifflb 5g{'xf];\ . km"n km"ln;s]kl5 ljifflb 5bf{ vr{ dfq a9\g] / pTkfbgdf vf;} km/s gkg]{ x'g ;S5 .

aLp 5g]{ d]lzg xftn] 5bf{{

gf]6M

nueu ;a} sf]zf nflu;s]kl5 l;FrfO glbg], h;n] ubf{ sf]zfx? Psgfzn] kfSg dbt ub{5 .

xl/of] sf]zfx? kfs]/ v}/f] sfnf] x'g yfn]kl5 l6Kg'kb{5 / y|]l;ª ug'{ eGbf cufl8 # b]lv % lbg;Dd ;'sfpg' k5{ .

$) s]hL #) s]hL

nfebfos sL/fx? / dfs'/fx?n] xflgsf/s sL/fx? lgoGq0f ug{ dbt ub{5g\ . glhssf] s[lif zfvf, s[lif 1fg s]Gb|, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb jf l;dL6sf s[lif k|fljlws;Fu ;Nnfx lnP/ /f;folgs ljifflbaf/] lg0f{o lng'xf];\ .

sL/f lgoGq0f ug{ ljifflb k|of]u ubf{ nfUg] vr{ pQm sL/fn] afnLdf Iflt ubf{ x'g] gf]S;fg eGbf sd eP dfq kmfObf x'G5 .

ljifflbn] nfebfos hLjnfO{ klg dfg]{ x'gfn] k|of]u ubf{ xf]l;of/L ckgfpg'xf];\

ljifflb :k|] ubf{ glhsdf c? JolQm jf afnaRrf gePsf] lglZrt ug'{xf];\ .

%)�^)

&)

lbgdf

lbgdf

!@�!$�

bf]>f]

klxnf]

dfs'/fn] xflgsf/s sL/fx? vfG5 .

af?nfn] sL/fsf] z/L/df km'n kf5{-h;n] pQm sL/fnfO{ dfl/lbG5 .

cGo s]xL lzsf/L sL/fn] klg zq'sL/f vfG5g\ .

Ps s7\7fdf ^)) u|fd ! s7\7fdf *)) u|fd

! s7\7f

kmfu'g r}q

a;Gt] d'+u v]tL

pko'Qm ;doM kmfu'g bf]>f] xKtfkl5 r}q clGtd;Dd -dfr{ klxnf] xKtfb]lv clk|n bf]>f] xKtf;Dd_