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Research Center ALTERNATIVE

ALTERNATIVE Quarterly Journal

Editorial Board:

Tatoul Manasserian – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor(Editor in chief)

Samvel Avetisyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), ProfessorVardan Bostanjyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Ara Gyurjyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), ProfessorBenjamin Yeghiazaryan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Toros Torosyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), ProfessorSergey Kalenchyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Mamikon Hayrapetyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), ProfessorVladimir Harutyunyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Grisha Gharibyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), ProfessorNorayr Manaseryan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Maxim Sargsyan – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Исследовательский Центр АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА

АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА Квартальный Журнал

Редакционный Совет:

Татул Манасерян – доктор экономических наук, профессор(Главный редактор)

Самвел Аветисян – доктор экономических наук, профессорВардан Бостанджян – доктор экономических наук, профессор

Ара Гюрджян – доктор экономических наук, профессорБениамин Егиазарян – доктор экономических наук, профессор

Торос Торосян – доктор экономических наук, профессорСергей Каленчян – доктор экономических наук, профессор

Мамикон Айрапетян – доктор экономических наук, профессорВладимир Арутюнян – доктор экономических наук, профессор

Гриша Гарибян – доктор экономических наук, профессорНорайр Манасерян – доктор экономических наук, профессор

Максим Саргсян – доктор экономических наук, профессор

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L. CuyversP. De LombaerdeS. Verherstraeten

From AFTA towards an ASEAN Economic Community … and beyond

1. Introduction

This paper gives an overview of recent developments in the process of Asianeconomic integration. A large part will focus on the integration initiatives under-taken within the framework of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).ASEAN was not only the first regional integration arrangement in Asia, it also re-mains the centre for current and future economic integration initiatives in the widerEast Asian region. The progress that has been made by ASEAN’s member countriesin establishing an ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) will be analysed. Given the im-portant and reasonably successful integration initiatives in other parts of the world,such as the EU and NAFTA, academics and politicians have devoted much attentionto the possibilities of both deepening and widening economic collaboration in the(East) Asian region. Ten ASEAN countries already decided to establish an ASEANEconomic Community by the year 2020 and some other countries seem eager tojoin. We will have a closer look at the recent initiatives taken in this direction. Wealso devote attention to the role ASEAN plays in the regional monetary integrationand co-operation schemes adopted in the region. Empirical tests, using the optimumcurrency area (OCA) theory, will be reviewed to determine whether a common cur-rency would be beneficial for certain groups or sub-groups of Asian countries. Thepaper concludes with the authors’ thoughts on the viability of a wider East AsianFree Trade Area and East Asian monetary union in the long term and on the roleASEAN would have to play in its establishment.

2. From ASEAN towards AFTA

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 Au-gust 1967, when the 5 original members –Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sin-gapore and Thailand– signed the Bangkok Declaration. The association now consistsof 10 member states, as successively Brunei Darussalam (1984), Vietnam (1995),Laos (1997), Myanmar (1997) and Cambodia (1999) joined. It is interesting to pointout that the ASEAN Secretariat was only established in 1976, right after the end ofthe Vietnam war and almost ten years after the establishment of ASEAN itself

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(Pasadilla, 2004:2). The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.The Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme was introduced to

implement the AFTA Agreement in practice. The CEPT Scheme encompassed man-ufactured and semi-manufactured products, including capital goods and processedagricultural products. The liberalisation process was carried out at different speedsaccording to the product group: distinction was made between a “fast track” schemeand a “normal track” scheme. Products in the Inclusion List (IL) had to be imme-diately liberalised through a reduction of the CEPT tariff rates to a maximum of 5% by 2002. The ASEAN-CLMV countries were allowed to apply less stringentdeadlines: Vietnam has to meet this objective by 2006, Laos and Myanmar by 2008and Cambodia by 2010. The AFTA Agreement also allowed for the exclusion ofcertain “sensitive” products from tariff reduction under the normal or fast trackscheme. Therefore, Temporary Exclusion Lists (TEL), Sensitive Lists (SL) and Gen-eral Exception Lists (GE) were drawn up by all ASEAN members. (ASEAN Secre-tariat, 1999)

Products in the Temporary Exclusion List (TEL) can be excluded from tradeliberalisation for a limited period of time. In the end, all products in the TEL haveto be transferred to the Inclusion List (IL) in order to bring tariffs down to a maxi-mum of 5%. The Sensitive List (SL) primarily contains raw (unprocessed) agricul-tural products. Trade in these products has to be liberalised by 2010 for theASEAN-6, while the new members get an even more extensive time frame. Productsin the General Exceptions List (GE) are permanently excluded from trade liberali-sation on grounds of protection of national security, public morals, public health,environmental protection and protection of articles of artistic, historic or archaeo-logical value. (ASEAN Secretariat, 1999)

More than 99% of the products in the CEPT Inclusion List (IL) of ASEAN-6now have tariffs of no more than 5%. The small number of products that still havetariffs of above 5%, are mainly products that have been transferred from the Sensi-tive Lists (SL) and the General Exceptions Lists (GE) in 2003. Moreover, almostall products traded by ASEAN-6 in the region are part of the IL. For ASEAN-CLMV, tariffs on 66.57% of the products in the IL have been reduced to a maximumof 5%. It must be noted, however, that no more than 80% of the products traded bythese countries in the region are part of the IL. This all means, that the IL of ASEAN-10 (total ASEAN) now contains about 90% of total tariff lines and that 90.17% oftariff lines in the IL have tariffs ranging from 0-5%. (ASEAN Secretariat, 2004h:16-17; AFTA Council, 2003)

Table 1 reproduces the scheme that was applied for the gradual reduction of theaverage CEPT tariff rates. The average tariff rate under the CEPT Scheme for

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ASEAN-10 was at 2.63% in 2003, and ranged from 0% in Singapore to 7.96% inCambodia, ASEAN’s youngest member state. In 2004, the average tariff forASEAN-6 further decreased to 1.51%, compared to 12.76% in 1993 when AFTAstarted off. (ASEAN Secretariat, 2004h:17)

Table 1: Average AFTA/CEPT Tariff Rates by Country (%)

Note: the average CEPT tariff rates for ASEAN as a whole are weighted aver-ages, with the number of tarifflines in the Inclusion List for 1999 used as the weights.Source: ASEAN Secretariat

Although the ASEAN Secretariat claims that AFTA is now virtually established,this statement might somewhat disguise the truth. Rice, considered as a highly sen-sitive product for the region, is still excluded from the AFTA agreement. Moreover,several members are still very unresponsive when they have to lower tariffs on cer-tain other critical product groups. Malaysia, for example, refused to comply withthe AFTA deadlines and kept on levying tariffs on completely built up (CBUs) andcompletely knocked down (CKDs) automotive units. By doing so, Malaysia un-doubtedly wanted to protect its state-controlled carmaker Proton. Only very recently,automotive CBUs and CKDs have finally been transferred to Malaysia’s InclusionList. It goes without saying that Thailand, having a fast-growing automotive indus-try itself, was not really pleased with this significant delay in Malaysia’s liberalisa-

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tion efforts. (Economist, 2004; AFTA Council, 2004)

3. From AFTA towards an ASEAN Economic Community

Asia is not different from other regions in the world. The increase in regionalismin Asia should be viewed from the perspective of a widespread tendency towardsregional collaboration initiatives on a world scale. The general deception with theslow pace of liberalisation within the WTO-framework and the idea that regionalintegration agreements are “building” rather than “stumbling blocks” to global freetrade (Bhagwati, 1991:77), has led to a proliferation in the number of regional FTAagreements. Many regional FTAs go even further than what is stipulated by theWTO and are therefore denoted as WTO-plus agreements (Sampson & Woolcock,2002). It is noteworthy that this movement towards regionalism has already madeway in Europe and America, but for Asia it started very recently. (Naya, 2004:4-5)

Even before AFTA was officially implemented in 2003, ASEAN membersstarted talks about further economic integration initiatives. Today, one cannot pos-sibly neglect the manifest regionalism in the East Asian region, as the number of bi-lateral and plurilateral trading arrangements is increasing month after month.

The 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis is often regarded as the direct cause forthe rise in regionalism in Asia. The crisis painfully showed that the East Asianeconomies were closely related and that de-facto integration in the region had al-ready started much earlier: since the second half of the 1980s, production networkshad emerged in the East Asian region, with multinational enterprises splitting upproduction over the different countries in the region. Multinationals from Japan,and later on also from the Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs), moved some oftheir production activities to Southeast Asia to take advantage of the cheap laboursupply. (Chia, 2004:2; Pasadilla, 2004:5)

As ASEAN wants to achieve the AEC, it is not sufficient to merely liberalisetrade in goods and services. Huge challenges remain before ASEAN meets the otherobjectives of free movement of investment and skilled labour, and a freer flow ofcapital. Foreign investors who built up a successful business and consequently wantto repatriate their profits, are still disadvantaged by national laws in ASEAN memberstates that favour domestic investors. It should be clear that other countries likeChina, are eager to receive these foreign investors. Therefore a profound change inpublic mindset within the ASEAN region is urgently needed, as foreign investmentswill benefit ASEAN’s consumers in the long run. Some scholars consequently pleadfor national treatment of foreign investors, both from within and outside ASEAN.As the AEC also envisages free movement of skilled labour, ASEAN leaders willhave to come up with clear-cut definitions of skilled labour for each of the 11 priority

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sectors. Only by using common criteria, national borders for skilled labour will dis-appear in ASEAN. (see e.g., Reyes, 2004)

In spite of the similar sounding, the structural differences between the proposedASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and the European Economic Community,which evolved into the European Union (EU), should not be neglected. As the in-dividual ASEAN countries are reluctant to give up national economic policies vis-a-vis non-members, the AEC set-up will not include a common external tariff. Thisshould not be too surprising as one knows that there are huge discrepancies betweenthe member states in average external tariff levels (Economist, 2004). Singaporefor example, basically is a free port and does not levy import tariffs. To arrive at acommon external tariff, Singapore would consequently have to start levying tariffsor the other nine ASEAN member countries would have to eliminate their tariffs(Reyes, 2004). Moreover, a forced convergence of external tariffs in the short runwould not be wise as the development gap between ASEAN-6 and ASEAN-CLMVis still too large. In the long run convergence would seem desirable, but is seriouslyhampered by lacking supranational institutional and structural mechanisms(Cuyvers, 2002).

All this implies that ASEAN is not following the example of the EU and ratherendeavours to establish a single market without having installed a customs union orhaving created some supranational authority. This is not really surprising as ASEANmembers have always been reluctant to delegate power to some supranational body.In this respect it is interesting to note that ASEAN was established by a declarationand not by a treaty, meaning that ASEAN completely lacks legal personality. TheEU on the other hand, does have legal personality and disposes of a powerful Com-mission to implement and enforce decisions (Cuyvers, 2002; Reyes, 2004). TheASEAN Secretariat in turn, was only established ten years after ASEAN’s foundingand has been under-powered ever since. Consequently, strong doubts remainwhether the ASEAN Secretariat will be able to streamline the integration processtowards the AEC (Economist, 2004; Naya, 2004:11-12). It remains to be seenwhether the national authorities will enforce compliance with the adopted roadmapsfor the 11 priority sectors in practice, given the limited authority of the ASEAN Sec-retariat (Reyes, 2004).

4. Wider East Asian Economic Integration

ASEAN countries have traditionally been outward looking and they still aretoday, in spite of the establishment of AFTA. As a result, ASEAN and the ASEANmember states are readily taking part in the recent current of regionalism in the widerEast Asian region. Thus ASEAN countries are not only involved in a deepening

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economic integration process, but also in a widening one. As a first initiative towards wider economic integration with important involve-

ment of some East Asian countries, the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation forum(APEC) should be mentioned here. APEC grew out of an Australian proposal toenhance co-operation in the Asia-Pacific rim and was formally established in 1989.APEC consists of 21 member countries, spanning four continents and uniting morethan one third of the world’s population1. The so called “Bogor goals” expressAPEC’s intentions to achieve free trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific rim by2010 for industrialised countries and by 2020 for developing countries. APEC pur-sues trade liberalisation on a voluntary basis, making use of the “open regionalism”concept. This means that reductions of import tariffs are not restricted to APECmember countries, but are granted to all countries world-wide on a most favourednation basis. (APEC, 2004) Although APEC received a lot of attention in the firsthalf of the 1990s, the attention has faded away and has not revived up to now. Theapparent stand-still is due to the large membership, which entails diverging opinionson the pace of trade liberalisation and on the means to get there (Naya, 2004:6).

A negative atmosphere built up around APEC in the aftermath of the Asian fi-nancial crisis, as the forum proved unable to manage the crisis and to mobilise decentsupport for the crisis-hit countries. East Asian countries were disappointed byAPEC’s impotence and as a result they switched their attention back to the initiativeswithin the ASEAN and ASEAN+3 (ASEAN + China, Japan and South Korea)framework (Naya, 2004:7). In October 2002, the United States announced the “USEnterprise for ASEAN Initiative”, as a framework to negotiate bilateral and pluri-lateral trade agreements with ASEAN and ASEAN member states. This renewedinterest of the United States for the Southeast Asian economies might well give anew boost to APEC’s role in managing the international economic relations in theAsia-Pacific rim (Naya, 2004:14).

The ASEAN+3 framework currently seems to be more promising for East Asiathan APEC. ASEAN+3 is a more popular name to designate the East Asian Eco-nomic Caucus (EAEC), an initiative taken by Malaysia’s Prime Minister Mahathirin 1990 to bring together all ASEAN members on the one hand, and China, Japanand South Korea on the other hand.2 The ASEAN+3 concept gathered momentumwhen ASEAN countries wanted to intensify their economic co-operation with Eu-rope in the middle of the 1990s. At that time, the EU proposed to include other EastAsian countries in the negotiations, which evidently brought China, Japan and SouthKorea into the picture. In March 1996, the first Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was

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1 These member countries are Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, In-donesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Rus-sia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States and Vietnam.

held in Bangkok. One year later, the first informal summit of ASEAN+3 leaderswas held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Naya, 2004:5-6). The ASEAN+3 frameworkbooked significant results in the monetary field, when the ASEAN+3 Finance Min-isters decided to extend the ASEAN Swap Agreement to China, Japan and SouthKorea3. This new agreement, concluded in May 2000 and better known as the “Chi-ang Mai Initiative”, of which more in the next section, was an important step towardsmore financial stability in the region. (Asami, 2001:1)

Despite the Chiang Mai Initiative as a collective ASEAN+3 initiative, it is note-worthy that current negotiations on potential free trade agreements are simultane-ously conducted on a bilateral and a plurilateral basis by the countries involved. Itwas remarkable that China made the first proposal to establish a FTA with ASEANin 2000. Two years later, in November 2002, the “Framework Agreement onASEAN-China Comprehensive Economic Co-operation” was signed in PhnomPenh, Cambodia. This agreement envisions a FTA with free movement of goods,services and investments. Tariff reductions on certain agricultural goods have al-ready been started with the implementation of the “Early Harvest Programme”. Tar-iff reduction for products on the normal track will start in January 2005 and have tobe completed by 2010 for ASEAN-6 and China, and by 2015 for ASEAN-CLMV.Tariff reduction for products on the sensitive list will be achieved by mutual agree-ment. (Chia, 2004:11; ASEAN Secretariat, 2004e)

Both ASEAN and China hope to take full advantage of the new FTA. ASEANleaders believe that China can play a leading role in boosting economic growth forthe East Asian region, which could revitalise the flying geese pattern of economicgrowth. However, China will remain a formidable competitor for the poorer ASEANcountries in the near future with its relatively abundant supply of cheap labour. Itis unlikely that China will soon start making huge investments in Southeast Asiaand will become a supplier of official development aid for the poorest countries inthe region. Therefore, China is not ready yet to completely take over the role thatJapan has played in the past. (Naya, 2004:8) By means of the ASEAN-China FTA,China hopes to ease ASEAN leaders’ concerns of China becoming the single dom-inating attraction pole of foreign direct investment in the region. Moreover, ASEANis a promising market with more than half a billion consumers and holds various in-puts for further processing in China. (Chia, 2004:11)

Japan quickly followed China’s example and proposed a collaboration agree-ment with ASEAN in 2002. The “Framework Agreement for Comprehensive Eco-

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2 The original name for the initiative was the East Asian Economic Grouping (EAEG), but was soonrenamed into EAEC to get a softer tone.3 The ASEAN Swap Agreement dates from 1977 and was established to support fellow ASEANmembers in case of balance of payments problems. See further below.

nomic Partnership” between ASEAN and Japan was signed in October 2003 in Bali,Indonesia. It is important to note that before its 2002 proposal, Japan seemed moreinclined to follow the route of bilateral agreements. A bilateral agreement with Sin-gapore had already been signed in January 2002. (Naya, 2004:9) Bilateral agree-ments with other East-Asian countries such as Malaysia, the Philippines, SouthKorea and Thailand are still under negotiation. The fact that Japan suddenly alsowanted to reach a plurilateral trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole, can thereforereflect Japan’s intention to counterbalance China’s growing economic and politicalimportance in the East Asian region. Japan now endeavours to integrate its bilateralagreements with the Framework Agreement for Comprehensive Economic Partner-ship (CEP). Negotiations about the specific articles in the CEP Agreement will startoff in April 2005 and are planned to be concluded in two years. (Chia, 2004:12;ASEAN Secretariat, 2004f)

Some ASEAN members are frustrated with ASEAN’s slowness in signing dealswith China, Japan and other main trading partners. Consequently, they have beenpursuing bilateral trade agreements during the last couple of years (Chia, 2004:5;Naya, 2004:11). This evolution fits into the trend of emerging regionalism whichcan be observed in all parts of the world. Singapore, to only name the champion ofbilateralism in the region, has signed bilateral trade agreements with Japan, Australia,New Zealand, EFTA and the US and is negotiating agreements with half a dozenother countries. The current situation seems to reflect the enormous gap that existswithin ASEAN, between members wanting to negotiate collectively (using theASEAN or the ASEAN+3 framework) and other members aiming at quickerprogress and thus switching to bilateral trade agreements. The more developedmembers, such as e.g., Thailand and Singapore, already are relatively openeconomies and they actually hoped that ASEAN (AFTA) could enhance their globalcompetitive position through further specialisation and increased FDI inflows. Other(less developed) members are quick to remind the more developed ones that ASEANshould primarily focus on enhancing intra-ASEAN trade and on closing the devel-opment gap within ASEAN. These less developed member countries still block theintroduction of a “national treatment” rule for foreign investment. It is clear thatthe views of the more developed countries on the one hand and the poor memberstates on the other hand cannot be easily reconciled. It is unlikely that the differencesof opinion will disappear with the introduction of the ASEAN Economic Commu-nity. Thailand and Singapore have therefore turned to the more flexible bilateralagreements, as they can tailor these agreements to open up at the pace they prefer.If the apparent disparities within ASEAN deteriorate, the integration momentummight turn away from ASEAN … leaving the poorer member states disillusioned.(Economist, 2004)

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The question is of course, whether all these bilateral initiatives by individualASEAN members are undermining the relevance of ASEAN. Two main issues comeup. Firstly, if individual ASEAN members all negotiate separate agreements withexternal partners, it should be clear that the negotiating power of the individual mem-ber will be limited. ASEAN as a whole risks to loose the so called “hub-advantages”and the individual countries will gradually become “spokes” (Chia, 2004:12). Sec-ondly, the bilateral agreements could be an obstacle in the evolution towards a re-gion-wide free trade agreement in East-Asia because of the so called “spaghettibowl” effect (Bhagwati & Panagariya, 1996). This means that in the individual bi-lateral agreements with non-ASEAN members, diverging rules of origin, productstandards and conformance requirements are likely to be applied, thus forming ahighly complex structure. This “spaghetti bowl” also makes life more difficult formultinational enterprises, as they have to pay attention to the different regulationsin every country. (Chia, 2004:7 and 12)

Up to now, the rules of origin employed within the AFTA framework have beenquite liberal, compared with the rules used in agreements of the EU and NAFTA.The 40% ASEAN content requirement is the general principle applied to all productseligible for tariff reduction under the CEPT Scheme, meaning that there are no com-plex product by product rules of origin. The recent bilateral agreements concludedby individual ASEAN members with external trading partners (such as e.g. the Sin-gapore-US FTA), tend to follow the administrative models of these external partners,thus leading to more restrictive rules of origin. This is exactly the evolution that al-ready took place in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) (Garay& De Lombaerde, 2004). As the rules of origin start to differ across products andmember states, it becomes more complex and costly for companies to make use ofthe preferential trading arrangements. In that way, the rules of origin might becomea hindrance to ASEAN’s trade facilitation efforts. (Brenton, 2003:15)

It seems essential to us that the bilateral integration initiatives of ASEAN mem-ber states with external partners should be designed to fit into a general ASEANframework. Only if this condition is fulfilled, bilateral agreements can act as realbuilding blocks for wider East Asian regional integration (Soesastro, 2003:8-9;Pasadilla, 2004:17). The actual idea for a region-wide free trade agreement in East-Asia was put forward by South-Korea during the second ASEAN+3 Summit, whichtook place in Hanoi, Vietnam in December 1998. The idea led to the formation ofthe East Asian Vision Group (EAVG), made up of distinguished intellectuals andexperts from ASEAN countries, China, Japan and South Korea. The group wastasked to work out proposals on future co-operation in East Asia. In 2001, the EAVGsubmitted its recommendations in a substantial report, entitled “Towards an EastAsian Community: Region of Peace, Prosperity and Progress”. The report argued

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that East Asian countries should strive to establish an East Asian Free Trade Agree-ment (EAFTA) in the long term. To arrive at this final goal, the ASEAN+3 summitwould first have to be transformed into an East Asian Summit. In a next stage, somekind of a new regional institution should arise to guide the integration process to-wards EAFTA. (EAVG, 2001; Chia, 2004:14; Pasadilla, 2004:6)

In the meantime, the East Asian Study Group (EASG) was formed as a high-level officials committee to assess the EAVG report. The EASG adopted 26 concretemeasures on the basis of the report in order to guide the broadening and deepeningeconomic integration process. The short term measures mainly seek to prime generalcollaboration in East Asia: examples are the development of East Asian think tanks,the promotion of East Asian studies, the establishment of an East Asian Forum andBusiness Council etc. The long term measures mainly focus on the evolution to-wards EAFTA. ASEAN leaders already agreed to hold the first East Asia Summit(EAS) in Malaysia in 2005 and also established an expert group to carry out a fea-sibility study on EAFTA. (ASEAN Secretariat, 2004b and 2004g; EASG, 2002)

5. ASEAN as an engine of monetary integration and co-operationin Asia

Monetary co-operation in Asia has been changing rapidly since the Asian crisis,which started in Thailand on July 2, in 1997, and which triggered severe economicturmoil throughout the region. At that time, the only available monetary co-opera-tion scheme was the ASEAN Swap Agreement (ASA).

In 1977, the central banks and monetary authorities of the ASEAN countries atthat time4 established the ASEAN Swap Agreement (ASA). The aim of the ASAwas to provide the member countries with sufficient international liquidity in caseof balance of payments problems. US dollars were sold against domestic currencyof the requesting participant accompanied by a forward purchase of the same amountof domestic currency by that participant against US dollars. Each participating coun-try agreed to contribute 20 million US dollars, thus providing together 100 millionUS dollars. The maximum outstanding amount of US dollars received by any par-ticipant was not allowed to exceed 40 million US dollars. The original ASA wasfor a one year period, but was extended in 1978, 1981, 1987 and 1992. In the 1992ASA (Fifth Supplementary Agreement to the Memorandum of Understanding onthe ASEAN Swap Arrangement), the maximum contribution of each participatingcountry was brought to 40 million US dollars, and the maximum outstanding amountreceived by any participant to 80 million US dollars. In 1997, Laos and Myanmaracceded to the ASA. This was the monetary co-operation framework at the outbreak

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4 In 1977 these were Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines and Indonesia.

of the Asian crisis. At the end of September 1997, and for most observers unexpectedly, Japan pro-

posed the creation of an Asian Monetary Fund (AMF). The largest part of the na-tional contributions to the AMF would come from Japan, but also Hong Kong,Taiwan and Singapore were prepared to contribute, and it was envisaged to reach atotal of 100 billion US dollars. In spite of enthusiastic reactions from the Asiancountries, the Japanese proposal was blocked by the adverse reactions from majorWestern countries and from the IMF (see e.g. Lipscy, 2003).

A compromise was sought in the so-called Manila Framework, with a financingagreement that would supplement the IMF financing, but without the institutionalcomponent of the AMF. This Framework was developed by the Manila FrameworkGroup in November 1997, which consists of 14 Asia-Pacific nations.

On May 6, 2000, on the occasion of a meeting of the ASEAN+3 Finance Min-isters, it was agreed to extend the ASEAN Swap Arrangement to all ASEAN membercountries (ASEAN-10) and to China, Japan and South Korea. This agreement ispopularly labelled the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI). It consists of a network of bi-lateral swap agreements (BSA) between the 13 countries, with the same purpose asthe ASA. It was agreed to increase the initial total amount of 200 million US dollarsup to 1 billion US dollars. It should be noted however, that this amount is still in-sufficient to cope with a major financial crisis in the future. Moreover, the use ofthe currencies of the countries involved in bilateral trade is seriously hampered sincethe BSA is only adopted by four ASEAN countries, whereas international tradersprefer to use the dollar (Tenorio, 2003). The CMI is also more complex than theASA, due to the multitude of sometimes diverging provisions in the bilateral agree-ments (Asami, 2001).

In order not to get the same adverse reaction from the USA and the IMF, theBSA is complementary to the IMF, as it was agreed with IMF that at most 10 pct. ofa bilateral swap could be done without any link to the IMF, which evidently severelylimits the efficiency of the BSA both in terms of timing and conditions attached tosupport. However, by doing so, the total amount which can be made available forsupport within ASEAN+3 by the BSA and the IMF is 10 billion US dollars.

In June 2003, the central banks of Australia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia,Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Thai-land (the eleven members of the Executive’s Meeting of East Asia Pacific CentralBanks) announced the establishment of the Asian Bond Fund (ABF). It aims at man-aging a fund of approximately 1 billion US dollars, which will come from Asianand Pacific countries5, and invest this fund in a basket of liquid dollar denominated

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5 It is noteworthy that India alone pledged to contribute 1 billion US dollars; see Yam, 2003.

Asian government bonds (Yam, 2003). The Bank for International Settlements’s in-vestment management unit, BIS Asset Management, will manage the ABF withteams based in its Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific and in the BIS headoffice. The ABF will facilitate the re-investment of a small portion of Asia’s inter-national reserves back into the region while at the same time aiding the developmentof regional capital markets. It is clear that the ABF is too small to prevent a newAsian financial crisis, taking into account that the Asian market for dollar denomi-nated bonds is estimated at 200 billion US dollars (Bloomberg, 2003).

The issue whether groups and sub-groups of Asian countries could establish acommon currency, is much debated in the academic literature, especially since the1997 crisis, but in spite of some initiatives within ASEAN, hardly of relevance inactual regional politics.

The academic discussion is intimately related to the question which, if any, coun-tries in Asia can be considered as a group as an optimal currency area (OCA). Op-timum currency area (OCA) theory is the mainstream theoretical framework foranalysing the structural economic factors that determine the net (positive or negative)effect of forming a currency area among countries.6 Empirical tests based on OCAtheory are therefore a good starting point for evaluating the objective economic con-ditions for monetary integration in (South)East Asia. Whereas in the short run, po-litical considerations and events, alongside other economic circumstances, mightwell condition or even impose exchange rate choices, OCA theory is particularlyrelevant in the medium and long run. The predictive power of OCA theory has beenempirically demonstrated by authors like Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1998) and Pa-paioannou (2003). However, Cohen (1998) and others emphasise that the presenceof a regional hegemon committed to monetary integration and the presence of a net-work of linkages and commitments that make the cost of a dependent monetary pol-icy acceptable to all members are also necessary conditions for successful monetaryintegration. He goes even further stating that the combination of these two condi-tions might even be a sufficient condition. According to the same author, historicalanalysis shows that economic linkages are insufficient to sustain the necessary com-mitment beyond the short run.

What do the empirical tests of the OCA conditions that are available for(South)East Asia tell us? An answer to this question should allow us to understandthe economic fundamentals that will shape exchange rate policies and, possibly, theformation of currency unions in the region in the near or farther future, recognisingthat the institutional framing and, even more importantly, Chinese and Japanese at-titudes and leadership will be equally important factors.

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6 For recent overviews of OCA theory, see e.g. Lafrance and St-Amant (1999), Mongelli (2002) orHorvath (2003).

According to Bayoumi and Mauro (1999) and Ng (2002), indicators of the de-gree of shock symmetry show that ASEAN members are less suited than those ofthe EU, a few years before the Maastricht Treaty, for forming a currency union.Deeper economic integration and a firm political commitment in the region are nec-essary pre-conditions. According to Ng, shocks in Southeast Asia are more stronglycorrelated than in the EU and external shocks are more strongly correlated than inNAFTA. Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia show a relatively high degree of cor-relation of shocks. According to Cohen (2003), the lack of political integration andsolidarity, necessary to sustain the needed degree of commitment, is the main ob-stacle to monetary integration.

The policy debate on monetary integration in Asia, seems to be restricted to theASEAN countries, however. Taking into account the dominant position of the Japan-ese economy and its currency in East and Southeast Asia, as well as that of China,this is hardly surprising. At the ASEAN Summit on 15-16 December 1998 in Hanoi,Vietnam, one of the proposals endorsed was to conduct a study into the feasibilityof establishing an ASEAN common currency. In 2000 an ASEAN Central BankForum Task Force was established, which completed the study in September 2003(Kuang and Singh, 2003). Due to various delays, we had to wait until August 2003when at its Finance Ministers’ Meeting in Manila, the ASEAN countries adoptedthe Roadmap for Integration of ASEAN regarding capital market development, cap-ital account liberalisation, financial services liberalisation and ASEAN currency co-operation, with a common currency being pursued as a long term objective (ASEANSecretariat, 2003b). The roadmap for integration of the monetary sector is part ofthe measures taken to realise the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2020.Many observers and policy makers are, however, sceptical whether it will be possibleto reach a common currency by then (see e.g. Tenorio, 2003).

6. Conclusions

ASEAN has made significant progress in liberalizing its trade since its inceptionin 1967. In spite of the great cultural, political, religious and other diversities withinthe region, AFTA has been virtually completed in 2003. However, it was pointedout in the previous pages that several sensitive products are still not included in theAFTA arrangement. Further liberalisation efforts are required for ASEAN-CLMVcountries in particular, as a significant proportion of products they trade is still notpart of the Inclusion Lists.

ASEAN countries have always been very sensitive for possible interventions intheir internal affairs, but it seems essential that the ASEAN Secretariat is finallystrengthened, especially now the member states envision to establish the ASEAN

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Economic Community (AEC). It remains doubtful whether ASEAN members willpush ahead with the necessary reforms to deepen regional economic integrationwithin the AEC scope, if there is no central body in place which can enforce thesereforms in some way. Nevertheless, ASEAN members plan to establish the AECby 2020 as a single market and production base, with a free flow of goods, services,investment, skilled labour and a freer flow of capital.

The emerging Asian regionalism has led to a sharp increase in the number ofbilateral and plurilateral trading arrangements during the last couple of years. It isimportant to remember that such agreements will always remain a “second best so-lution” to multilateralism in the evolution towards global free trade. In order toavoid that these regional trading arrangements become “stumbling blocks” (Bhag-wati, 1991) in the process to wider free trade, it seems advisable to develop a com-mon ASEAN framework for the bilateral trading arrangements pursued by individualASEAN members. The multiple rules of origin of the different bilateral arrange-ments might otherwise easily end up as an unfathomable “spaghetti bowl” (Bhagwati& Panagariya, 1996). The abundance of bilateral trading arrangements might in thatway hinder the conclusion of the East Asia Free Trade Agreement (EAFTA), includ-ing ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea. The ongoing talks about EAFTA indi-cate that ASEAN is not only involved in a deepening economic integration process,but also in a broadening one. As the political will is certainly present in the regionand as the first East Asia Summit is already scheduled to take place this year, EAFTAmight indeed become reality in the longer term despite some possible set-backs onthe way.

The ASEAN countries have also played a major role in several regional mone-tary integration initiatives, particularly since the 1997-1998 Asian crisis. The orig-inal ASEAN Swap Arrangement was deepened and widened towards the newASEAN members, as well as to Japan, South Korea and China, to become a complexnetwork of bilateral swap agreements between 13 countries. Also the Asian BondFund, originally an initiative of Thailand, has further increased both scale and scopefor monetary co-operation. However, at present, all talks about a common currencyin the region should not be taken too seriously. The policy debate is still restrictedto ASEAN, while the regional financial hegemons Japan and China, are not inclinedto follow (or take the lead). Viewed from this perspective, as well as judged fromthe empirical research on optimal currency areas, it is highly doubtful whetherASEAN alone can reach by 2020 a level of monetary integration, comparable to thatof the European Union today. Also in this field, the reluctance (if not the plain ob-stinacy) of the governments in the region to abandon some of their national sover-eignty, is bound to remain one of the major stumbling blocks.

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References

Asami, T. (2001), After the Chiang Mai Initiative, Newsletter no.5, Institute forInternational Monetary Affairs, Tokyo.

Bhagwati, J. (1991), The World Trading System at Risk, Harvester Wheatsheaf,Hertfordshire.

Cohen, B.J. (1998), The Geography of Money, Cornell University Press, IthacaNY.

Dee, P. and Gali, J. (2003), The trade and investment effects of preferential trad-ing arrangements, NBER working paper, No. 10160.

Elliot, R.J.R. and Ikemoto, K. (2004), AFTA and the Asian Crisis: Help or Hin-drance to ASEAN Intra-Regional Trade?, Asian Economic Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1,March 2004, 1.

Gosh, S. and Yamarik, S. (2002), Are regional trading arrangements trade cre-ating? An application of extreme bounds analysis, Journal of International Econom-ics, Vol. 63, No. 2 , July 2004, 369-395.

Horvath, J. (2003), Optimum Currency Area Theory: A Selective Review, BOFIT(Bank of Finland) Discussion Papers, No. 15.

Krugman, P.R. (1991), Is Bilateralism bad?, In: Helpman, E. and Razin, A.(1991), International Trade and Policy, MIT Press, Cambridge/London.

Naya, S.F. (2004), Japan in Emerging East Asian Regionalism, East Asian Eco-nomic Perspectives, Vol. 15, No. 2, August 2004, 1-16.

Pasadilla, G.O. (2004), East Asian Co-operation: The ASEAN View, PhilippineInstitute for Development Studies, Discussion Paper Series, No. 2004-27, August2004.

Reyes, R.A. (2004), The ASEAN Model of Economic Integration, The JakartaPost, 19 July 2004.

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¾¹ÙáÝ¹ ØÇù³Û»ÉÛ³Ý

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19


¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý ëó»Ý³ñÇ ß³Ñ»Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ûëûñ ·Çï³ÏóíáõÙ ¿å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí, áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹áõÝÙ³Ý ÇÙ³ëïáí ÏáÝÏñ»ïù³ÛÉ»ñ »Ý å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ:1 Î³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ë»É ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ëÙÇ³Ý·³Ù³ÛÝ µ³ñ»Ýå³ëï »Ý µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ: Ð³ñÏ ¿ ß»ßï»É, áñ ³Ûë áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ Ù»Í³å»ëß³Ñ³·ñ·Çé »Ý Ý³¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÁ.Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, Ð³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÁ å³ïñ³ëï ¿ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ³Ûë µÝ³·³í³éÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÏáÝÏñ»ï Íñ³·ñ»ñÇÝ:Î³ñ¨áñ ¿ ÝÏ³ï»É Ý³¨, áñ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ ÇÝùÝÇÝ ³é³ç³ï³ñÇ ¹»ñ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ë³Õ³É ÑÇÙÝ³ÛÇÝ, µ³ñÓñï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ Ýáñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:7 Æ í»ñçá,Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÉáõñçÑÇÙù»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É »ñÏñÇ ³ÙµáÕç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñáÕáõ-ÃÛáõÝÁ Ó¨³íáñ»ÉÇë:

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î»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ µÝ³·³í³éáõÙ ³Ûëûñ ½µ³Õí³Í»Ý µ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï³íáñáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ Ùáï 500 Íñ³·ñ³íáñáÕÝ»ñ: ´³óÇ ³Û¹,Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ã³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ë 6000Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÝ»ñ, áíù»ñ í»ñ³áñ³Ï³íáñí»Éáí Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáÕ Íñ³·ñ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É: Ð³ßíÇ³éÝ»Éáí áÉáñïÇ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁÑéã³Ïí»É ¿ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ: ÜÏ³ïÇ »Ý ³éÝí»É ÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñùÇÝ,³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ³ñï³ùÇÝ µÝáõÛÃÇ µ³ñ»Ýå³ëï µ³½Ù³ÃÇí Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ:

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7 ÐÐ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Û»ó³Ï³ñ·, ÐÐ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÃÇí 18 áñáßáõÙ, 3 Ù³ÛÇëÇ, 2001

ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ Éáõñç ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÝ»Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ: Ü³Ë, ßñç³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙÝå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ùÇã ÝÛáõÃ³ï³ñ, ùÇã¿Ý»ñ·³ï³ñ áõ ³ßË³ï³ï³ñ ×ÛáõÕ»ñÁ: ́ ³óÇ ³Û¹, Ý»ñùÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ ÷áùñÍ³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí å»ïù ¿ Ýå³ëï»É ³é³í»É³å»ë³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ áõÕÕí³Í ·Çï³ï³ñ áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ:²ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ å³Ñ³Ýç ¿ ¹³ñÓ»É Ý³¨ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý áÉá-ñïÝ»ñÁ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ: Æ í»ñçá, ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá-·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ Ù³ë³Ùµ Ï³ÝË»É Ùï³íáñ Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛ³Ý³ñï³·³ÕÃÁ:

Ü»ñÏ³ÛáõÙë Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝíáõÙ ¿ ²ØÜ, Î³Ý³¹³, ¶¸Ð, è¸, ä³ÏÇëï³Ý,ÈÇµ³Ý³Ý ̈ ³ÛÉ »ñÏñÝ»ñ: ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ³éÙ³Ùµ Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³ÝÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ÉË³íáñ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Çñ»Ýó ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Çñ³óÙ³ÝßáõÏ³Ý»ñ ·ïÝ»ÉÝ ¿: Þ³ï ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ó³ËáÕáõÙ »Ý Ï³Ùëå³ëí³ÍÇó Ýí³½ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ »Ý ³ñÓ³Ý³·ñáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ-áñ ã»ÝïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ ßáõÏ³Û³í³ñÙ³Ý ·ñ³·»ï é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÇÝ:

Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ áÉáñïÇ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ, µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, Ù»Í³å»ë å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í ¿ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³ÝíÇ×³Ïáí: ²Ûëï»Õ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, Éáõñç ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ Ï³Ý: Ü³Ë, Í³Ûñ³Ñ»Õó³Íñ ¿ Ñ³Ýñ³ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáóÇ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³·»ó³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ: àõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ó³Íñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ, ¹åñáóÝ»ñÇí³ï Ï³Ñ³íáñÙ³Ý áõ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ýí³½ ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÑ»ï¨³Ýùáí ³Ûëûñ ¹»é¨ë ÉáõÍí³Í ã¿ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Ñ³ÙÁÝ¹Ñ³ÝáõñÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ã³ÛÇÝ ·ñ³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ: ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËáãÁÝ¹áïÝ»ñÇóÙ»ÏÁ, ÇÑ³ñÏ», áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý íÇ×³ÏÇ í³ïÃ³ñ³óáõÙÝ ¿:Ø³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ãÝãÇÝ Ù³ëÁ ÙÇ³ÛÝ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ ÙÇ³Ý³ÉÇÝï»ñÝ»ïÇÝ: ä»ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÝ áõ ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ¹»é¨ë Ñ»éáõ »Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇó: ä»ï³Ï³Ý µáõÑ»ñÁ,³Û¹áõÑ³Ý¹»ñÓ, Ý»ñÏ³ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ »ÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ã³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇÝ ³éÝãíáÕ 300 Ù³ëÝ³·»ï:

ä³ñ½íáõÙ ¿, áñ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ½áõï Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ·»ñ³ÏßÇé Ù³ëÁ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ Ï³ñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ¿ëï³Ý³É ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý »Ï³ÙïÇ 15%-Çó áã ³í»ÉÇÝ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª ³Û¹åÇëÇÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í³×³é³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¿èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ ̧ ³ßÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÁ ëÏ½µáõÝùáñ»Ý ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝ ßáõÏ³ ¿ ¹Çïí-áõÙ: ØÇÝã¹»é, Ï³ï³ñí³Í áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ,³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Ï³åÇï³Éáí Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ýï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÏáÕÝáñáßí³Í »Ý µ³ó³é³å»ë

21


²ñ¨ÙáõïùÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇÝ: ²Û¹áõÑ³Ý¹»ñÓ, ÐÐ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ýï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ áÉáñïÁ Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛ-áõÝÇó áõÝÇ ÙÇ ß³ñù Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ³ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ¹³ñÓÝ»ÉÑ³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ³Û¹ Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ ·áñÍáõÝ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ áõ Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÛáõÝ ï»Õ ³å³Ñáí»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ»ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ²ØÜ-Á, Ø»Í ́ ñÇï³ÝÇ³Ý, è¸-Á, ÐáõÝ³ëï³ÝÁ,ÐÝ¹Ï³ëï³ÝÁ, ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: Üß»Ýù ³Û¹ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.

ØÇ³Ý·³Ù³ÛÝ Çñ³ï»ë³Ï³Ý ¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³ÝáõÙ ³ÛÝ åÝ¹áõÙÁ, áñ µ³ñÓñï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ÇíÇ×³ÏÇ ¿ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç áñ³Ï³å»ë Ýáñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñ ³é³ç³óÝ»É:ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ³é³í»É³å»ë ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í ¿ ½³ñ·³ó³Í »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ¿ÉÇï³ñ ËÙµ»ñÇëå³éÙ³ÝÁ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ÝÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¹ÇÙ³ó ëå³éáÕÝ»ñÇïíÛ³É ËÙµ»ñÁ å³ïñ³ëï »Ý ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ ·ÇÝ í×³ñ»É: ²Ûë ï»ë³Ï»ïÁÏÇëáõÙ »Ý Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇóï»ë³µ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ß³ï»ñÁ: Àëï ³Û¹Ù, Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»çÙñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ÉË³íáñ³å»ë Ó»éù ¿ µ»ñíáõÙ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ýíñ³:

àñ¨¿ »ñÏñÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ÑÇÙùÇ íñ³Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇóï»ë³µ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¹ÇïáõÙ »Ý Çµñ¨ ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃ Ý³Ë³å³ÛÙ³Ý: Â»‘ï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ã»‘ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ÷áñÓÁ íÏ³ÛáõÙ »Ý, áñ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ áõ Ýáñ³·áõÛÝï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ·»ñ³å³ïí»ÉÇ ¿ ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³é³ïáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³ÍÙñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó:8 àñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ, µ³ñÓñï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇëÏ½µáõÝùáñ»Ý Ýáñ ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝó ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ µ»ñ»ÉÑ³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ Í³í³Éáí ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý áõÅÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñí»ñ³µ³ßËáõÙÝ»ñÇ: ²Ûë å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÙÇçÇÝ ̈ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ÃáõÛÉ ½³ñ·³ó³Íáñáß »ñÏñÝ»ñ, û·ïí»Éáí å³ï»Ñ ³éÇÃÇó, Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý ßïÏ»ÉÇñ»Ýó ï»ÕÝ áõ ¹»ñÁ Ñ³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÅ»ã³÷»ñÇÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ: Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ ¨ë ³Û¹ ³éáõÙáí Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Éáõñç Ñ³í³ÏÝáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³É, ù³ÝÇ áñ ïÝûñÇÝáõÙ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáõÅÇ: àñ¨¿ »ñÏñáõÙ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³ÝÁ ÙÇïí³Í ëÏ½µáõÝùáñ»Ý Ýáñ

22


8 Michael E. Porter, Competetive Strategi,Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors,The free press. New York 1998.

³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³óáõÙÁ ß³ï¹»åù»ñáõÙ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ áñ³Ï³å»ë ÷áË»É ïíÛ³É »ñÏñÇ ï»ÕÝ áõ ¹»ñÁ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ µ³Å³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ:9 ´³ñÓñï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ Ç ½áñáõ ¿ Ó¨³íáñ»É µ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï³íáñáõÙáõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ Ý³¨ Ñ³ñ³ÏÇó µÝ³·³í³éÝ»ñáõÙ,³é³ç³¹ñ»É ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ¨³é³í»É³å»ë ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³ÝÁ ÙÇïí³Í ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³é³ñÏ³Û³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³Ýç: Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ, áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁå»ïù ¿ Ý»ñ¹³ßÝ³Ï»óíÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ ×ÛáõÕ»ñáõÙ Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý, Ý»ñùÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñáõÙ¹ñ³Ýó ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Çñ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

Øñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Çñ³óÝ»Éáõå³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ñ³í³ÏÝ»É ³é³çÇÏ³ ï³ëÁï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ³ßË³ñÑáõÙ É³í³·áõÛÝ µÇ½Ý»ë ÙÇç³í³Ûñ ³å³ÑáíáÕ³é³çÇÝ 20-30 »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ Ñ³ÛïÝí»É, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ¹³ ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É Ñ»ßïã¿ ¨ ß³ï Éáõñç Ù³ñï³Ññ³í»ñ ¿: ¸ñ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³çå»ïù ¿ Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³É ½³ñ·³ó³Í »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý³Ýçñå»ïÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É: ²ßË³ï³í³ñÓ»ñÁ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù µ³ñÓñ³Ý³É ã¿ÇÝÏ³ñáÕ, ù³ÝÇ áñ áõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý Ï³Ëí³Í »Ý ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³×Çóáõ »ñÏñÇ ³ÙµáÕç »Ï³ÙïÇ ³×Çó։ ²Ûëûñ Ù»ñ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ËÝ¹ÇñÁ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý։ ØÇçÇÝ Ñ³Û ·áñÍ³ñ³ñÇ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³Ý·³Ù ó³Íñ ¿ ÙÇçÇÝ »íñáå³Ï³ÝÇó,áñÁ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ Ý³Ëáñ¹ ïÝï»ë³Ï³ñ·Çó Å³é³Ý·³Í ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¿,µ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ îî áÉáñïÇ: ´³Ûó, ³Ûëï»Õ ¿É, »Ã» ³ÙµáÕç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ-áõÝÇó ³é³ÝÓÝ³óí³Í ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñíÇ, Ý³Ë ÐÜ²-áõÙ Ýñ³ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÝ ¿ ÷áùñ, ÇëÏ áÉáñïáõÙ Ï³é³ç³Ý³ ³ßË³ï³í³ñÓ»ñÇµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý éÇëÏ։ àñáíÑ»ï¨ îî áÉáñïáõÙ ³ßË³ï³í³ñÓÁï³ï³ÝíáõÙ ¿ 500-5000 ²ØÜ ¹áÉ³ñÇ ÙÇç¨: ²Ûë »ñ¨áõÛÃÁ ÏáãíáõÙ ¿Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ éáõÙµ: ¸³ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÁ ³Û¹ Ù»Í ï³ñµ»ñáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ ß³ï Ï³ñ× Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáóáõÙ։ä»ïù ¿ Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³É ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ë³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ÇÙåáõÉëÁ ï³É, ÃáÕ ß³ñÅáõÙÁ·Ý³, áñ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óí»Éáõ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍíÇ։ Ø»ñ »ñÏñáõÙîî ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ åÇïÇ Çñ»Ýó Ùáï áõÅ»Õ³óÝ»Ý Ï³ÝËÇÏÇÏ³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³éáõÛÃÁ ̈ áñáß³ÏÇ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÝÝ³¨ Ý»ñùÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛáõÙ îî ³åñ³Ýù í³×³é»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ։ Øß³ÏíáÕÑ³Û»ó³Ï³ñ·Ç Ý»ñùá å»ïù ¿ ÷áñÓ»É å»ï³Ï³Ý-Ù³ëÝ³íáñ

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9 Michael E. Porter, Competetive Advantage of Nations, The free press. New York 1998.

Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ßï ëï»ÕÍ»É, »Ã» ¹³ Ñ³çáÕíÇ, ³å³ Ý³¨Ù³ëÝ³íáñ Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ ë³ï³ñ ÏÏ³Ý·ÝÇ ³Ûë Ñ³ñóáõÙ։ úñÇÝ³Ï,Ñ»é³Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý É³ÛÝ³ß»ñï ó³Ýó /Basebone/ Ï³éáõó»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñå»ïù ã¿, áñ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Í³Ëë ³ÝÇ, å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ï»Ý¹»ñÇÇñ³íáõÝùÁ Ñ³Ý»É, ¨ Ù³ëÝ³íáñÁ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ ³Ý»É, áñÁ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇÝ µÇ½Ý»ë ¿։ ä»ï³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ¿É»ÏïñáÝ³ÛÇÝÏ³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¿É»ÏïñáÝ³ÛÇÝ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ,ëñ³Ýù µáÉáñÁ Ù³ëÝ³íáñ Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÇ³ÛÇ ̈ Ï³ÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ùí»ñóÝ»Éáõ, µÇ½Ý»ëÁ ¹»åÇ Ý»ñë ï³Ý»Éáõ, ûýßáñÇó ûÝßáñ µ»ñ»Éáõ ù³ÛÉ»ñ»Ý, áñáÝù ÏÑ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»Ý ÷áË³ñÅ»ù³ÛÇÝ ï³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨,í»ñç³å»ë, ÏÏ³ÝáÝ³Ï³ñ·íÇ ³Ûë ËÝ¹ÇñÁ, Ïµ³ñ»É³ííÇ ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ։ Î³ÝËÇÏÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙÁ åÇïÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ¹³ñÓÝ»É,áñáß Ï³ÝËÇÏ å³Ñ»É µÇ½Ý»ëÇ ßáÏ»ñÁ Ï³é³í³ñ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ։ ´áÉáñÝ³ßË³ïáõÙ »Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÝËÇÏ Ñáëù»ñÇ íñ³, áñÝ ³Ûëûñ ëáõñËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ¿ ³é³ç³óÝáõÙ: ¸ñëÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý³¨ Ëáßáñ Ï³ÝËÇÏÏ³é³í³ñáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý: ´Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ ³Ûë ³Ù»ÝÝÇñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ ·Çï»ÉÇù ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ։ ²Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ËÝ¹ÇñÝ ³ÛÝ¿, áñ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ó³ÍñÑ³í³ÏÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï×³éáí, »Õ³Í »Ï³ÙáõïÁ ëå³éáõÙ ¿, ÷áË³Ý³ÏÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ó¨áí ËÝ³ÛÇ ¨ Ù»Ï óÇÏÉ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí ³ÛÝí»ñ³ÍÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ, áñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ¿É³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×»ÕùÁ Ïí»ñ³Ý³։ ºÃ» ³Û¹ ×»ÕùÁ í»ñ³Ý³,ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ Ï³í»É³Ý³Ý, ÇëÏ ¹áÉ³ñÝ»ñÁ ³µëáñµóÇ³ÛÇÏ»ÝÃ³ñÏí»Ý, áã Ã» ÏëÏë»Ý ëÕ³×³ÛÇÝ ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñ ³Ý»É, áñÁ »ñÏÁÝïñ³ÝùÇ³é³ç ¿ Ï³Ý·Ý»óÝáõÙ Î»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý µ³ÝÏÇÝ` ÇÝãÁ Ï³é³í³ñ»É. ëÕ³×Á,Ã» ÷áË³ñÅ»ùÁ: êÕ³×Ý ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñ¹ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñ áõÝÇ։´Ç½Ý»ëÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ¹³ Éáõñç ËÝ¹Çñ ¿, áñÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ áñáßÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÷³ÏÙ³Ý íï³Ý· ³é³ç³óÝ»É։ ä»ïù ¿ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ë »ñÏñÇ ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É ̈ »ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ïù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³É ¹Çí»ëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí Ýáñ,³í»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ ³ñÅ»ù ëï»ÕÍáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ çñÇ »ñ»ëÇÝ å³Ñ»É։²é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ å»ïù ¿ ëï»ÕÍ»É íÇ×³Ï³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñå»ë½ÇÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³ÉÇ ¹³éÝ³ ¨ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ÉÇÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É:

ä»ïù ¿ ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñóÁ ¹Çï³ñÏ»É ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝã³÷³ÝÇß»ñáí։ ºñµ ÙÇçÇÝ »íñáå³óÇÝ µáÉáñÇÝ Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³ÉÇ Ù»Ï ¿ç³ÝáóÝ³Ù³ÏÁ ·ñáõÙ ¿ 15 ñáå»áõÙ, ÇëÏ Ù»ñ ÙÇçÇÝ ãÇÝáíÝÇÏÁ` »ñ»ù ûñáõÙ,Ï³ñáÕ »ë ³ÏÝÑ³Ûï Ï³ñÍÇù áõÝ»Ý³É ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ýï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ։ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ñµ»ñ³µ³ñ å»ïù ¿

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Ñ³ßí»ïáõ ÉÇÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨Ñ³ëÝ»É µÇ½Ý»ë ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ å³ñ½»óÙ³Ý:10

´³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³ÝËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõëÙ³Ý ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ áõÓ·ïáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ å»ïù ¿ ÷Ýïñ»É: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë,å»ïù ¿ µÇ½Ý»ë ¹åñáóÝ»ñ ¨ Ó»éÝ»ñ»óáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É։ÎÉÇÝ»Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ï»ËÝáå³ñÏ»ñ, Ã» ¹ñ³Ýù Ï·áñÍ»Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ óáõÛó Ïï³: È³í Ù»Ý»ç»ñÝ»ñÁ µ³ñÓñ³ñÅ»ùåñáý»ëÇáÝ³ÉÝ»ñÝ »Ý, áñáÝù Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ³ñÅ»ù ³ñï³Ñ³Ý»É: ´³óÇ ³Û¹,å»ïù ¿ Ó·ï»É ÷áùñ ¨ ÙÇçÇÝ µÇ½Ý»ëÁ ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É,Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ·Éáµ³É ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³éÝ³Éáõ Ñ³í³ÏÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ µÇ½Ý»ëÝ»ñÁ:ÆëÏ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇóÏ³ñáÕ ¿ Ï³ï³ñ»Ý:

Ü»ñÏ³ÛÇë ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙù»ñÁ Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ÙñóáõÝ³Ï ÙÇç³í³Ûñ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ì»ñçÇÝë, Ç íÝ³ë ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, Ó»éù ¿µ»ñí»É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ÑëÏ³Ý»ñÇ ¨ ÏáÙµÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨`µáÉáñ ³é³ç³ï³ñ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÙ³ëÝ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ, áñÁ Ñ³×³Ë Ñ³Ý·»óñ»É ¿ ÷áùñ ¨ ÙÇçÇÝ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ³é³ç³óÙ³ÝÁ:

1998Ã. û·áëïáëÇ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ 2008Ã. ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ×·Ý³Å³Ù»ñÁëïÇå»óÇÝ Ùï³Í»É ³ÛÝ Ñ³ñóÇ ßáõñç, Ã» ÇÝãå»ë ÏÁÝÃ³Ý³Ý ÃáõÉ³ó³Í³åñ³Ýù ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ»ñÁ »ñÏñÇó ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ Ï³åÇï³ÉÇÑ»ï³·³ ³ñï³ÑáëùÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: Ü»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ¨ Ï³åÇï³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝáõÙÝ ³í»ÉÇ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ÏÉÇÝ»ñ, »Ã» ³ÛÝ ¹ñ¹»ñ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝÙ»Í³óÝ»É ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ` Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ ³Ý»Éáí É³í³·áõÛÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ ¨ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨` ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝÏ³éáõÛóÇ ¨ Ý»ñùÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³Ùñ³åÝ¹Ù³Ý Ù»ç: Ð³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ̈ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ëå³éáõÙÁËÃ³Ý»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, è¸ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ 2009Ã.ÑáõÝí³ñÇó µ³ñÓñ³óñ»ó ³ñï»ñÏñÇó Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇÙ³ùë³ïáõñùÁ ÙÇÝã¨ 80%: ò³íáù, ¹³ áõÕ»ÏóíáõÙ ¿ áã ÙÇ³ÛÝÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÏáõÙáí, ³ÛÉ¨ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý É×³óÙ³Ùµ,¹»½ÇÝï»·ñ³óÇ³ÛÇ ³×áí, Ý³¨ Ï³ËáõÙ ¿ ëï»ÕÍíáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ýáñ³ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý åáï»ÝóÇ³ÉÇó: Î³ñ× ³ë³Í, ÝÙ³ÝÇñ³íÇ×³ÏÁ µÝáñáß ¿ ³Õù³ï³óáÕ å»ïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ` µ³ñÓñ Ñ³ñÏ»ñáí,

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10 “¾ÏáÝáÙÇÏ³” Ñ³Ý¹»ë, 2007Ã., N6, ¿ç12.

³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Ñ³Ï³Ù»Ý³ßÝáñÑ³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, »ñµ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇ Ã»ñýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñáõÙÁ ÙÇ³ÛÝ ³í»ÉÇ ¿ µ³ñ¹³óÝáõÙÇñ³íÇ×³ÏÁ:

²ßË³ï³ÝùÁ Ã»Ã¨³óÝ»Éáõ Ñ³ñóáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÁ ãÇ ËÃ³ÝáõÙ Ý³¨³ßË³ïáõÅÇ ¿Å³Ý ·ÇÝÁ, ¹ñ³ áñ³ÏÇ ³ÝÏáõÙÁ, ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ýÇ½ÇÏ³Ï³Ý ¨Ùï³íáñ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³Ñé»ÉÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñáí ³ñ³· í³ïÝáõÙÁ`ãÍ³Ýñ³µ»éÝí³Í Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ´³ó³ë³Ï³Ý³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÏïñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÝ³Ë³¹»å Ñ½áñ ·Çï³Ñ»ï³½áï³Ï³Ý ¨ ÏáÝëï-ñáõÏïáñ³Ï³Ý µ³½³ÛÇó, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ëáßáñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý¹»½ÇÝï»·ñ³óáõÙÝ áõ Ù³ëÝ³ïáõÙÁ, Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝÏ³åÇï³ÉÇ ÏáÝëáÉÇ¹³óÇ³ÛÇ, ÑáÉ¹ÇÝ·³ÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ ÙñóáõÝ³Ï ·»ñ-ÙÇ³íá-ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Ò»éÝ³ñÏ³ï»ñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ Ý³¨ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ýá-õÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÝ áõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝáõÙ ¿ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇÝ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ó»éÝ³ñÏ³ï»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ãÃ³ùóÝ»É Çñ»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ ¹»åë ³ÛÝ ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í»Ý Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë Ñ³ñóáõÙ û·ï³Ï³ñ ÏÉÇÝ»ñ ·áõÛùÇ í×³ñÙ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·áõÙÁ Ï³Ù ¹ñ³ Ýí³½»óáõÙÁ` Ýáñ ¨ ÑÇÙÝáíÇÝ Ýáñ³óíáÕ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ñ½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ì»ñ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³ÝÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³é³ç³ñÏ³Í Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ é»ÅÇÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ã»½áù³óí»ÉÏ³Ù ÷á÷áËí»É, »ñµ µ³ñ»É³ííÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÁ ¨³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝùÝ³½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Éáõñç Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñëï»ÕÍí»Ý` Ç ÃÇíë Ý³¨ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝÇ:

¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý µÛáõç»Ý ¨ Ù³ëÝ³·Çï³óí³Í µ³ÝÏÁ å»ïù ¿ ¿³Ï³Ý, »Ã»áã í×é³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ Ë³Õ³Ý` Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ÇÝÝáí³óÇáÝ áõ³ÝÏ³Ë ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

àñáß³ÏÇáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ` ·Çï³Ñ»ï³½áï³Ï³Ý ̈ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ýíñ³ Ï³ï³ñí³Í Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝù Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ »Ýß³Ñ³·ñ·éí³Í áã å»ï³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí: ²Ûë Í³Ëë»ñÁ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëá-õñëÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý å»ïù ¿ í×³ñí»Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó,ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ` ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ: ì»ñçÇÝë³éÝãíáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇÝ,áñáÝù í×³ñíáõÙ »Ý ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇÏáÕÙÇó: ò³ÝÏ³ÉÇ ¿ Ý³¨ ï»ÕÛ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³½ÙÇÙ³ëÇÝ,áñÁ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÙ ¿ Ýáñ ¨ »ñÏ³ñ³ï¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý áõÙß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨` ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ Ù³ëÝ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ,³ÛÝ É³µáñ³ïáñÇ³Ý»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ ã³÷ëÇ ¨ áñ³ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñáÝù

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Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáõÙ »Ý ÝÙ³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñ Ï³Ù ¹ñ³ÝáõÙ Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í »Ý:ä»ïù ¿ Çñ³½»Ï ÉÇÝ»É Ý³¨ ³ÛÝ ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ áñ³ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ,áñáÝù Ñ³í³ÏÝáõÙ »Ý ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ ¨ Ñ»é³ÝÏ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇÏ³ï³ñÙ³ÝÁ: úµÛ»ÏïÇíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ ÃáÕ³ñÏí³Í Ï³Ù Ùß³Ïí³Í ÝáñáõÛÃÁ Ï³Ù ³ÛÝ,áñÁëå³ëíáõÙ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇó (¹³ áñáß³ÏÇÅ³ÙÏ»ïáõÙ ³ßË³ñÑÇ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÝÙáõßÝ»ñÇÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý»É, Ï³Ù ÝÙ³ÝûñÇÝ³ÏÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ µ³ó³Ï³Û»É): Î³ñ¨áñ¿ Ñ³ßí³ñÏ»É ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í Í³Ëë»ñÁ, å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ³éáõÙáí Ó»éùµ»ñí³Í Ï³Ù Ùß³Ï³Í »ñÏ³ñ³ï¨áõÃÛ³Ý ¨ û·ï³í»ïáõÃÛ³ÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ, Ý³¨ ³ÛÝ, áñ ³Û¹ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í ¹»ñ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ ¨ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý¹»åùáõÙ Ïµ»ñÇ µ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ:Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ Ý³¨ áñáß³ÏÇ³óÝ»É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ýï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï»ñÇ ¨ ÉÇó»Ý½Ç³Ý»ñÇ ãáñë-ÑÇÝ· ï³ñí³Ñ»é³ÝÏ³ñÝ»ñÁ: ì»ñçÇÝë Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³Ý³É Ý³¨ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ,¨å»ïù ¿ ïáÏáë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ñ³ßí³ñÏ»É Ùáï³Ï³ 10 ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ïíÛ³É áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁë»÷³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñáí ¨ ¹ñ³ Ñ»ï³·³ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ:

²ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ í»ñÑ³Ý»É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÁ` ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ̈ ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇáõ Ýñ³Ýó Ù³ëÝ³×ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ï³ï³ñíáÕ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ³Ë³å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ý, ÇÝÅ»Ý»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ¨ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÍ³Ëë»ñÁ, Ý³Ë³ï»ëíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ½áñá-õÃÛáõÝÁ` Áëï ïíÛ³É ÑÇÙùÇ íñ³ ÃáÕ³ñÏí³Í Ýáñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ, ³Û¹ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÁ, áñáÝù Çñ³óíáõÙ»Ý Ýáñ ³ñï³¹ñáÕáõÃÛ³Ý áã å»ï³Ï³Ý å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó,å»ï³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ, ³ñï»ñÏñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí, Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ íñ³ Ï³ï³ñí³Í Í³Ëë»ñÁ, áñÝ ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ ¿ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ½ÇÝí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, í»ñ³Ï³½Ù³íáñáõÙÝ áõ ·áñÍáÕÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝáõÙÁ ¨ ßÇÝ³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁå³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»çÏ³åÇï³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ì»ñçÇÝë Ï³ñáÕ ¿ í»ñ³µ»ñ»Éí³é»É³ÝÛáõÃÇ ¨ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ, ÑáõÙùÇ, ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ, ÏÇë³ý³µñÇÏ³ïÝ»ñÇ,³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Í³Ëë»ñÇÝ:

Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ Ñ³ßí³é»É Ù³ñÏ»ïÇÝ·Ç ¨ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ·áí³½¹Ç íñ³ Í³ËëíáÕ ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñÁ, ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ñï»ñÏñÇó

27


ëå³ëíáÕ Éñ³í×³ñÝ»ñÁ, å³ñ½»É Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÛÝ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇù³Ý³ÏÁ, áñáÝù å³ïñ³ëï »Ý Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ïí»ñÁÏ³ï³ñ»É Ï³Ù ëï³ÝÓÝ»É ¹ñ³Ýó ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý éÇëÏÁ, »Ã»Ýñ³Ýó ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»Ý Ï³Ù í³×³é»Ý ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃ»ñÁ ¨Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ý³¨ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÝ»ñùÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛáõÙ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ³éÝãíáÕ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ: äºïù ¿ ÇÙ³Ý³É, Ã»Ó»éÝ³ñÏ³ï»ñ»ñÝ áõ ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ïëË³Ý Ý»ñùÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛÇáñ µ³ÅÇÝÝ »Ý ó³ÝÏ³ÝáõÙ Ñ³Ý»É Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ûáõñ³óÙ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, »ñµ ¹³ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ¨³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Ùñó³ÏÇó ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ: ̧ ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñå³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »Ý ³ñï³¹ñáÕ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÇ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨`Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ »ÝÃ³¹ñíáÕ ·Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ³åñ³ÝùÇ ·Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ñ³ßí³ñÏí³Í ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ Ù³ëÇÝíÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: àñáßáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ`ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í³óÝáÕ Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í³×³éùÇÑ»é³ÝÏ³ñÝ»ñÁ` »ñÏñáõÙ ¨ ³ñï»ñÏñáõÙ ³éÏ³ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÁ, Éñ³óáõóÇãÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÁ, áñáÝù ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÁµ³í³ñ³ñ»Éáõ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñ·³íáñ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

Üáñ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ áñ³ÏÁ ë³ÑÙ³ÝíáõÙ ¿³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ, ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý, ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ, Ï³åÇï³É ¨ Í³Ëë»ñÇËÝ³ÛáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñáí: Ð³ßíÇ ¿ ³éÝíáõÙ Ý³¨ ³é³ÝÓÇÝë³ñù³íáñÙ³Ý ³×Á, ³íïáÙ³ï³óÙ³Ý, Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ã³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý,Ñ³Ù³åÇï³ÝÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ, ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÁ,Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÕÙáõÏÇ Ïñ×³ïáõÙÁ,Ñáõë³ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý, »ñÏ³ñ³ï¨áõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙÁ, ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ,ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏ³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙÁ, ëÏ½µáõÝù³ÛÇÝ Ýáñáñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ, ·»Õ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÷áùñ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ,ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßéÇ Ýí³½áõÙÁ, Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ,³åñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ åÇï³ÏÁ, Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²ñ¹»Ý ³éÏ³ Ï³Ù ÑÝ³ñ³íáñå³ïí»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ÇÙ³Ý³É ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ¨Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ù³ïáõóáÕ Ó»éÝ³ñÏ³ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ` Ýáñ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ` ³ñ¹»Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ¨ åáï»ÝóÇ³É å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÁ,å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Û¹ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ó»éù µ»ñí³Í Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñ³ÏÇ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í ¿ ¹ñ³ ÑÇÙùÇí³ñ Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÝ áõ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ: Î³ñ¨áñ ¿ Ý³¨ Ý»ñùÇÝßáõÏ³ÛáõÙ ³Û¹ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇñùÁ:

²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ï³ÝË³ï»ë»É å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ

28


³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñÁ` Ý»ñùÇÝßáõÏ³ÛáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¨ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, áñÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ¨³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Ùñó³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛÇó ¹áõñë ÙÕÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ: ²×Çï»Ùå»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É Ý³¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñáõÙ:

¸ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ë³ÑÙ³ÝíáõÙ »Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏÁ,áñáÝó ß³Ñ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý` Ùß³ÏíáõÙ ¨ Ûáõñ³óíáõÙ »Ý Ýáñ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ýáñ³óÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³ï»ëíáÕ ï»Ùå»ñÁ: ì»ñ»Ý Ñ³ÝíáõÙ Ý³¨ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïí³Í ¨ ³ñÙ³ï³íáñí³ÍÍñ³·ñ»ñÁ` Ùáï³Ï³ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ýáñ Ùß³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ñ»ïÏ³åí³Í å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÝ»ñÁ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ` Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáíÑ³Ý¹»ë »ÏáÕ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ (ýÇÝ³Ýë³-³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ËÙµ»ñÁ, ÑáÉ¹ÇÝ·Ý»ñÁ, ÏáÝó»éÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ),å»ï³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ, ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ: Ð³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ µÝáõÛÃÁ, áñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ó»éù Ïµ»ñ»Ý Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨Íñ³·ñí³Í ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ, ³Û¹ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁÏ³ñáÕ »Ý µ³ßËí»É í³é»ÉÇùÇ, ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ, ÑáõÙùÇ, ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ,ÏÇë³ý³µñÇÏ³ïÝ»ñÇ, Ù³ëÝ³·Çï³óí³Í Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÝß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ, Ñ³Ù³åÇï³ÝÇ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ,³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ï³ñíáÕÍ³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ¸ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ë³ÑÙ³ÝíáõÙ»Ý å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ ¨ Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍíáÕ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ áñ³Ï³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÇñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ »Ý Ýáñ Çñ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÝ áõ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙÁ` Çñ»ÝóïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý,ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý ¨ ß³Ñ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏ³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ, ·»Õ³·Çï³Ï³Ý,¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñÇ íñ³: ì»ñ »Ý Ñ³ÝíáõÙ Ý³¨ í³é»ÉÇùÇ, ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ,ÑáõÙùÇ, ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ, ÏÇë³ý³µñÇÏ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ÉñáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ÷³ëï³óÇ Í³Ëë»ñÁ, å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ó»éÝ³ñÏ³ï»ñ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÍ³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ñï»ñÏñÇó Ý»ñÏñÙ³Ý ³Û¹åÇëÇ Í³Ëë»ñÇÙ³ëÝ³µ³ÅÇÝÁ, ³Û¹ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷³ëï³óÇ ß³ÑáõÃ³µ»ñáÃÛáõÝÁ:

´³óÇ ³Û¹, å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³í»ÉÛ³É ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³ÝÍñ³·ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: ¸³ ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ ¿ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³Ñ³ÝáÕÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³ñï³¹ñáÕ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ ³ñÅ»ÃÕÃ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙÁ, Ï³ÝË³ï»ëÙ³ÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍáõÙ ÇÝÝáí³óÇáÝ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ (³ßË³ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÁ), Ýáñ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý áõ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý

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û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ:Î³ñ¨áñ ¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÝ³µ³ÅÇÝÁ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³Ñ³ÝáÕ

Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ¨ å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÝáÝ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³ÉáõÙ,³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ,Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ ·áõÙ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ïñ³ëï³ÛÇÝ (íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ÑÇÙÝí³Í) Ù³ëÝ³íáñ»óáõÙÁ:

Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É ³ÛÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ,É³µáñ³ïáñÇ³Ý»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÏÙ³ëÝ³Ïó»Ý Ýáñ ë»ñáõÝ¹Ý»ñÇ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇÙß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ å³ñ½»É` ³ñ¹Ûáù¹ñ³Ýù áõÝ»Ý ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù, ÙÇ³íáñí³Í »Ý ³ñï³¹ñáÕÏ³Ù å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ, Ã» ³ÛÝ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÑ»ï »Ý ³éÝãíáõÙ, áñáÝù ã»Ý Ûáõñ³óÝáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ¨ ã»Ý ·áñÍ³ÍáõÙïíÛ³É Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ, Ï³Ù ³ñ¹Ûáù ¹ñ³Ýù ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ,ÑáÉ¹ÇÝ·Ý»ñÇ, ÏáÝó»éÝ»ñÇ Ï³½ÙáõÙ:

²ñ¹ÛáõÝ³Ñ³ÝáÕ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ¨å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ »ñµ»ÙÝ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ÉÇÝ»É ÙÇ¨ÝáõÛÝïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÇ Ù³ëÝ³×ÛáõÕ»ñ: ¸³ ãÇ ËáãÁÝ¹áïáõÙ µ³ñÓñï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óáõÙ ï³ñ³Ýç³ï»É Ýñ³ÝóýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÁ: ºÃ» å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáõÙ¿ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÇÝÝáí³óÇáÝ Íñ³·Çñ, Ýáñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý ë»÷³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ÉáõÍ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ ·ÝáõÙ ¿³é³ç³ï³ñ ï»ËÝÇÏ³ ¨ §Ýááõ-Ñ³áõ¦, ·ÝáõÙ ¿ ÝÛáõÃ»ñ, Ñ³Ù³ÉñáÕë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ÝáõÛÝå»ë Ùß³Ïí³Í »Ý Ñ³ïáõÏ Íñ³·ñ»ñáí, ³Û¹¹»åùáõÙ ëï»ÕÍíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÝáí³óÇáÝ ßÕÃ³, áñï»Õ å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÝ Ñ³Ý¹»ë¿ ·³ÉÇë Ý³¨ áñå»ë ³ñï³¹ñáÕ:

ê³ÑÙ³Ý»Éáí µáÉáñ µ»ñí³Í óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ã³÷Ù³Ý ¨ Ïßé³¹³ïÙ³ÝÙ»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý µÛáõç»Ç Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ñ»ÝíáõÙ»Ý Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÏÇ íñ³, Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ëï³Ý³É ³Ù»Ý³ËáëïáõÙÝ³ÉÇó ³ÛÝÍñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ, áñáÝù ÏÝå³ëï»Ý »ñÏñÇ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý, Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ³ÝÏ³ËáõÃÛ³ÝÁ,Ý»ñùÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³åñ³Ýù³ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇ Ûáõñ³óÙ³ÝÁ:

¸ñ³ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÁ, áñáÝó Ñ»ïÑ³Ûñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³åñ³Ýù ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ ÏÏ³ñáÕ³Ý³Ý ¨ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³çáÕÙñó³Ïó»Ý: ¸³ å»ïù ¿ ³ñíÇ ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨Ñ³ñÏ³íáñ ¿ ³ñ¹»Ý ¹áõñë ·³É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝßáõÏ³: ¸ñ³Ýó íñ³ å»ïù ¿ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³óÝ»É Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý ¨ ÇÝÝáí³óÇáÝ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñáõÙ, µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÓ¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ, ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ µ³½Ù³½· Ñ½áñ³·áõÛÝÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ

30


å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Üáñ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ýá-õÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñÏ³ ÷áõÉáõÙ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³í»ÉÇ ¿³Ï³Ý ¨³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñÏñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ, Ñ½áñ ¨ÙñóáõÝ³Ï ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ: ²ÛÅÙ Ï³ñ¨áñ¿ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý³½¹»óÇÏ ¨ é³óÇáÝ³É Ó¨»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ` ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý,³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ×·Ý³Å³ÙÝ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ³·Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ¸ñ³Ý Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ýå³ëï»É ß³ñ³¹ñí³ÍÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ, áñå»ë½Ç ³ßËáõÅ³Ý³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏ³ïÇñ³Ï³Ý·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³µ³ñ¹ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ` Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ áõ ÇÝÝáí³óÇ³Ý:

ÆÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É í»ñ³÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÏ³åÇï³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÏáÝëáÉÇ¹³óÇ³ÛÇ ³ÏïÇí³óáõÙÁ »ñÏñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÇÝù-ÝáõñáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ, ¹ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ Ñ³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ³ñÅ³Ý³å³ïÇí ï»Õ Ýí³×»Éáõ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÕÇÝ ¿:

²ñï³ùÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñáõÙ Í³í³Éí³Í ëáõñ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ýå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ·Ý³Éáí Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý¹Çí³Ý³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛ³Ý ¹»ñÁ:ÀÝ¹ëÙÇÝ, Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³ÝÑ³Ï³é³Ïáñ¹Ç ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ, áñÇ Ý»ñùá ³é³çÇÝÑ»ñÃÇÝ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³É ·Çï»ÉÇù »õ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñ ÏñáÕ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó:Ð³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¿, áñ ÙÝ³ó³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ (µ³Ý³Ï, ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· »õ ³ÛÉÝ) ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅÇ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ »Ý: ²½·³ÛÇÝ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ÉË³íáñ³å»ëå³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í ¿ ïíÛ³É Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ½³ñ·³Ý³ÉáõáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ÞÝáñÑÇí µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý՝ ³Ù»ÝÇÝã ß³ï ³ñ³· ¿ ÷á÷áËíáõÙ, Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ “ë»ÕÙí»É ¿”, »õ ¹³, Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáÕ ².ÂáýÉ»ñÇ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ,ëáõµÛ»ÏïÇí ½·³óáõÙ ã¿1: Æñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ՝ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ³å³Ñáí»ÉÙÇÙÇ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ, Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ³ÛÝ é»ëáõñëÁ, áñ áõÝÇ ïíÛ³É Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛáõÝÁ,³ÛëÇÝùÝ` ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ é»ëáõñëÇ ³ÛÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ, áñ Ùï³íáñ ·Çï»ÉÇùáõ Ñá·»õáñ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ ÏñáÕ ¿: Ð»ï»õ³µ³ñ՝ ·ÇïÝ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ·Çï³Ï³ÝÑ³ÝñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ËÇëï Ï³ñ»õáñ »Ý ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ՝³é³í»É »õë Ýñ³ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ³éáõÙáí: ²ÝÑÝ³ñ ¿å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É ³Ýíï³Ý· å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ՝ ³é³Ýó ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý: ²Û¹ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ýñ³ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁÙÇ³Ý·³Ù³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï»ÉÇ »Ý µ³Ý³ÏÇ Ñ»ï: ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ

31


11 Tofflin, Alvin, Revolutionary Wealth , New York, 2006, pp.32-33.

ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝ»Ý é³½Ù³Ï³Ý »õ ·Çï³Ï³ÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, áõ »Ã» ³é³çÇÝÁ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ Ï³Û³ó»É ¿, ³å³»ñÏñáñ¹Ç ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ áõÝ»Ýù µ³½áõÙ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ:

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ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ Ýáñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛÇÝï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ÇÝï»·ñÙ³ÝÝ, ³å³ ³ÛÝ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ µ³ñÓñï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÙ³ëÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ »ñÏñÇ Ùï³íáñë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñ·³íáñáÕ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ »õ ÏÇñ³ñÏáõÙ: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ »ñÏñÇÙï³íáñ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ »õ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÷áË³Ý³ÏÙ³Ý ¨ Ñ³Ù³ï»ÕÑ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ¨ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

33


¶ñÇ·áñ Ü»ñëÇëÛ³Ý

²ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³ÍÏ³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý

µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý áñáßáõÙÁ

Ü»ñÏ³ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ Ù³ëÇÝÏáõï³Ïí»É ¿ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏÇ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: î³ñµ»ñÑ»ï³½áïáÕÝ»ñ ³ÛÝ ¹Çï³ñÏáõÙ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ýñ³Ýó »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝí³ñù³·ÍÇ å³ï×³éÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝµ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³Ï³ë³Ï³Ý »Ý: ¸ñ³Ýáí ¿ áñáßíáõÙ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý·áñÍáõÝ»áõ ÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ýá-õÃÛáõÝÁ:

Þ³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáÕ ï»ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ áãÙÇ³Ýß³Ý³ ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõÝÏÝ¹Çñ-Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇó å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ¹ñ³ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¸ñ³Ýó ÃíÇÝ »Ýå³ïÏ³ÝáõÙ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ` §ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙ¦,§³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙ¦, §å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù¦, §¹ñ¹³å³ï×³é¦,§³ñÅ»ù¦, §ËÃ³Ý¦, §í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ¦, §³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÇÍ¦:êñ³Ýó Í³ÝáÃ³Ý³Éáõó Ñ»ïá ÙÇ³ÛÝ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ÝóÝ»É ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ù³ëÝ³íáñ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñÙ³ÝÁ:

Ø»ñ Ï³ñÍÇùáí` Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõ ÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ýµáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ÉÇÝÇ Ù³ñ¹áõ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ í³ñù³·ÍÇ å³ï×³éÝ»ñÇ »ñÏáõ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³:²é³çÇÝÁ ³ßË³ïáÕÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÁ µ³ó³ïñáõÙ ¿å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ºñÏñáñ¹Á »ÉÝáõÙ¿ Ýñ³ÝÇó, áñ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ³ßË³ïáÕÇÝ ßñç³å³ïáÕ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ, ¨ Ýñ³ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝí³ñù³·ÍÇ Ùá¹»ÉÁ ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý Ë³Ëïí³Í ¿ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ßñç³å³ïÇó:²ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ³é³çÇÝ Ùáï»óÙ³Ýå³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÏáãíáõÙ »Ý µáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÛÇÝ, »ñÏñáñ¹Ùáï»óÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ` ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó³ÛÇÝ:

´³óÇ ³Û¹` ÑÇÙÝí»Éáí Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³ÝëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³` ¹ñ³ µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï, »Ã» Ñ³ßíÇ ¿ ³éÝí»É ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñá-õÃÛáõÝÁ, ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ÝáñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÁ ¨

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Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÇùÁ ¹ñ³ÝóáõÙ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ Ýáñï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõ ÃÛáõÝ Í³é³ÛáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë Éñ³óáõÙ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹»ÝáõÝ»ó³Í å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù, áñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ, Ó¨³íáñíáõÙ »Ýï³ñ»ñ³ÛÝáñ»Ý: ´³óÇ ³Û¹` ³Û¹ Ýáñ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³×³ËÑ³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ¿ ÙïÝáõÙ ³ñ¹»Ý »Õ³Í Ï³ñÍñ³ ïÇåå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ÆÝãå»ë Ýß»É ¿ ². ´á·¹³ÝáíÁ12, Çï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ýí³½ ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ÙÇç³í³Ûñ»ñÇ, áñï»Õ Ï³ñÍñ³ïÇåå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ µ³ó³ïñíáõÙ »Ý³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñù³·Íáí, Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó áã Ï³ÛáõÝ³ÏïÇíáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñáõÙ Ýñ³Ýó í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ½³ñ·³Ý³ÉÝ³Ëáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ûñÇÝ³Ïáí: Æ ¹»å, ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ³Ýï»ë»É Ý³¨ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñ -Å³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³½ÙÇ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÏ³ñÍñ³ïÇå å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹ñ³Ýù ëï»ÕÍí»É »Ý Çñ³Ï³ÝÏ³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, ¨ ³ÛÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ í»ñÉáõÍ»É:àõëáõóÙ³Ý ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ áõÝÏÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ å³ï³ëË³ÝÝ»ñÁ »ÝÃ³ñÏ»Éáíáñ³Ï³Ï³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ¹Çï³ñÏ»Éáí Ýñ³Ýó í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ` Ù»Ýù³é³ÝÓÝ³óñ»É »Ýù Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï³ñÍñ³ïÇå å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

ä³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý³é³ç³ï³ñ ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³éÁ í³ËÝ ¿, ¨ ³Û¹ å³ï×³éáí, Ëáõë³÷»Éáíå³ïÇÅÝ»ñÇó áõ ùÝÝ³¹³ ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó, Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÝ ³ßË³ïáõÙ»Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï: ê³ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë Ë³ÝáõÙ ¿ ³ßË³ïáÕÇ` áñå»ëé³óÇáÝ³É ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÓÇ Ù³ëÇÝ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ¸. Ø³ù-¶ñ»·áñÇ §X¦ ï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ áñÇ` ³ÝÓÁ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹íáõÙ ¿ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ýÇ½ÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ¨ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñáí:

ä³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ í³ñù³·ÍÇíñ³ ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý ËÃ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³éÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: Ð³ßíÇ³éÝ»Éáí áõëáõóÇã Ý»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ù³ÛÇÝ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙÝ»ñÁ ̈ ³ñ¹Ç Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ` ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, ãÇ ÁÝ¹áõÝáõÙ ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³ÝËÃ³ÝÝ»ñÁ áñå»ë Ï³ñ¨áñ ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³é:

ä³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ µ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ,áñÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë µ³í³ñ³ñ»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³Éå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ` Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ ×³Ý³ãáõÙÁ, Ï³ñ·³íÇ×³ÏÁ,å³ïÏ³Ý»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ÆÝãå»ë ÝßáõÙ »Ý áõÝÏÝ¹Çñ-

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12 î»°ë Áîãäàíîâ À. À.,Âñåîáùàÿ îðãàíèçàöèîííàÿ íàóêà. (Òåêòîëîãèÿ). Ì.-Ë-ä,Êíèãà, 1925, ÷.1, 300 ñ.

Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝ Ñ³×³Ë ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ ¿ ßÝáñÑ³Ï³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý,Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ ·áí³½¹Ç, Ï³ñ·»ñÇ, ÏáãáõÙÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý Ó¨»ñáí ¨µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Ó¨ ¿ ß³ï»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇíñ³ ³½¹»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ áã µáÉáñÇ:

ä³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ»ñÇÝÙ³ëÝ³ÏÇó ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³éÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿, áñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ,ÏáÉ»ÏïÇíÇ½ÙÇ ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ê³Ï³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ù»ñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ`áõÝÏÝ¹Çñ-Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³ÛÝ ãÝãÇÝ Ù³ëÝ ¿ ÝßáõÙ ¹ñ³ µ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇµÝáõÛÃÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ µ³ó³ïñ»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ³ÝÑ³ï³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃáí:

ÆÝùÝ³½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý, ëï»ÕÍ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³×Ç, å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ïÏ³åí³Í Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ýå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ: ²ÛÝ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿ áõëáõóãÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ³ÛÝÏ³ñÍÇùÇ íñ³, áñ Ýñ³Ýù Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ »Ý, áñáÝó ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ï³ñ¨áñå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÁ ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: àñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ` ÝÙ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁÏÇëáõÙ »Ý ³ÛÝ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ¸. Ø³ù-¶ñ»·áñÇ §Y¦ ï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³Ù³ËáÑÝ»ñÝ »Ý:

²Ûë å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ùáï »Ý ². Ø³ëÉááõÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ýï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³ÛÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»É áñå»ëÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³½ÙÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÏ³é³í³ñã³ Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³Ý µáí³Ý ¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ÕÏ³óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ¹ñ³Ýáí ãÇ ³í³ñïíáõÙ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ -Ý»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Ï³ñÍñ³ïÇåå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ Ý»ñÇ ó³ÝÏÁ: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ýß»É Ý³¨ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÏ³ñÍñ³ïÇå å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ áñáßáÕÝí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÁ: ä³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ áõÝÏÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ, ÁÝ¹áõÝáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýó Ùáï ÝÙ³Ýå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ, »Ã» ÝÙ³Ý Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÙÁï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É, ³å³ ËáëùÁ Ñ³×³Ë ³ÙµáÕç Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³ÝÝí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¿, áã Ã» Ýñ³ ³é³çÇÝ ¹»Ùù»ñÇ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ¹³ë³í³Ý¹áÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙÕ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ½·³ÉÇ Ù³ëÁ ÝßáõÙ »Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ µ³ñÓñ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝãå»ë Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ,³ÛÝå»ë ¿É í³ñã³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

²½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³Éáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ µ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ³½¹»óáõ-ÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý í³ñù³·ÍÇ íñ³: ̧ ñ³ Ù³ëÇÝáõÝÏÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ËÙµáõÙ å³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ã»ÝËáëáõÙ` Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÙáõÝùÁ

36


ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó·ïáÕ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ñ³Ý¹»å: ê³Ï³ÛÝ Ýñ³Ýù ÝßáõÙ »Ý, áñÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇÝ Ó·ïáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ýù, áõÙ Ùáï ³Ûëå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý ¿:

Ô»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ³Ûë Ï³ñÍñ³ïÇå å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙµÁ·»ñ³¹³ëáõÙ ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³í³ñã³ Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý·áñÍáõÙ ÏÇñ³é»É ¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ç ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

ê³Ï³ÛÝ ÙÇ ß³ñù Ï³ñÍñ³ïÇå å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³Ý ã»Ý³ßË³ï³Ý ù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: àõëïÇ³é³ç³ñÏí»É »Ý ¨ë ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ: ¸ñ³Ýù »Ý.

ä³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ç³Ýù»ñÝ áõÕÕí³Í »ÝÙ³Ý Ï³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ¨ ÙÇç³ÝÓÝ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÑ³Ù³ñ É³í å³ÛÙ³Ý Ý»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÝ áõ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÁ, Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó ³Ýµ³í³ ñ³ñ í³Íáõ ÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙÇ Ýí³½»óÙ³ÝÁ ¨Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³ í»ïáõ ÃÛ³Ý ³×ÇÝ: ²Ûëå³ïÏ»ñ³óÙ³ÝÝ ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ü. Ð»ñóµ»ñ·Ç ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ íñ³ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý³½¹» óáõÃÛ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇáõÃÛ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÁ: ÀÝ¹ áñáõÙ` áñå»ëí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ñ³Ý¹»ë ·³ÉÕ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñí³Í ï³ñµ»ñ Ëñ³Ëáõë³ÝùÝ»ñÁ,³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ, ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇ, ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ̈ ßñç³å³ïÇ ³ÛÉ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõ-óÇãÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ Ó¨»ñÁ: ØÇ¨ÝáõÛÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï áã µáÉáñ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÝ »Ý áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ï³å ·ïÝáõÙí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹³ñ µ³ßËÙ³Ý ̈ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ÙÇç¨, »Ã»Ñ³ßíÇ ãÇ ³éÝíáõÙ, Ã» áñù³Ýáí ¿ ïíÛ³É í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñÅ»ù³íáñÏáÝÏñ»ï ³ßË³ïáÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÙ ¿, áñ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ñ³Ù³Éñ»É Ý³¨·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó³ÛÇÝ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñáí, ûñÇÝ³Ï` ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¨³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:

îíÛ³É ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í ¿ ³ÛÝ ¹ñáõÛÃÁ, áñ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇß³Ñ³ ¹ñ¹Ù³Ý íñ³ ³½¹áõÙ »Ý áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³ùÇÝ ¨ Ý»ñùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ ï³ñµ»ñ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ:

Üßí³Í ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ï³ÉÇë áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ µ³ó³ïñ»ÉÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÉÝñ³Ýó ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙÁ: ²Ûëå»ë` ². Ø³ëÉááõÇå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñ, áñáÝùÕ»Ï³í³ñÇÝ ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ï³ÉÇë µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ïñ³Ù³µ³Ýá-õÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñ -

37


Ù³Ý íñ³: Àëï ². Ø³ëÉááõÇ` ³é³ç³ï³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÁ áñáßáõÙ ¿Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó Ñ»ï³åÝ¹áõÙ ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ Çñ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ: ²Û¹ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõÛÉ¿ ï³ÉÇë Õ»Ï³í³ñÇÝ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÁ ̈ ÁÝïñ»É ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý³ÛÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ï³ñáÕ »Ý, ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, µ³í³ñ³ñ»É Ýñ³ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ýå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó` ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõ ÃÛ³ÝÝå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó Ýñ³ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÁ ¹³ñÓÝ»É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï:ºÃ» ³Ûë Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ãÇ Ñ³çáÕíáõÙÑ³ëÝ»É ó³ÝÏ³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ, ³å³ Õ»Ï³í³ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ÝáñÇó í»ñÉáõÍÇÝñ³ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÇ ³ÛÉ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù ¨Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ýñ³ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:

úñÇÝ³Ï` ³ÛÝ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÁ, áíù»ñ ³ßË³ïáõÙ »Ý ÙÇ³ÛÝýÇ½ÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ùÇã »ÝÑ»ï³ùñùñíáõÙ Çñ»Ýó ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ: Üñ³Ýù³é³ÝÓÝ³Ý³Ñ³ïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³, Ëáõë³÷áõÙ »ÝÑá·Ý»óÝáÕ ¨ µ³ñ¹ ³é³ç³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇó: ÜÙ³Ý ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÁó³ÝÏ³ÝáõÙ »Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ëï³Ý³É Éñ³óáõóÇã³ßË³ï³í³ñÓ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ` Ý³¨ ¹åñáóÇó ¹áõñë, µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ »Ý Çñ»ÝóÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý íÇ×³ÏÁ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ: ²ñ¹Ç³Ï³ÝýÇ½ÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇÏ³é³í³ñáõ ÙÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³Ýó ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï³ßË³ï³í³ñÓÇ ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ̈ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ µ³ñ»Ýå³ëï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ù»ç:

Æñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ` ³ÛÝ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÁ, áíù»ñ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹í³Í »ÝÇÝùÝ³³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³ó Ù³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùáí, Ñ³Ïí³Í »Ý ÇÝùÝ³í»ñÉá-õÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨, áñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ, ³ñ³ñù Ý» ñáõÙ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý »Ý, ÁÝ¹áõÝáõÙ »Ýáã ëï³Ý¹³ñï áñáßáõÙÝ»ñ, ëÇñáõÙ »Ý ÝáñÁ ³ßË³ï³ÝùáõÙ ¨Ï³ñáÕ³ÝáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÙÝí»É ë»÷³Ï³Ý ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ, ÷áñÓÇ ¨ ½·³ó -ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³: Üñ³Ýù Ùï³Ñá·í³Í »Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáí,å³ïñ³ëï »Ý ÁÝ¹áõÝ»Éáõ áã Ñ³Ýñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñ,ùÝÝ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝÃ³ñÏí»É ßñç³å³ïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, ãËáõë³÷»Éå³ï³ëË³Ý³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó: ÜÙ³Ý ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÝå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ëï»ÕÍ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³é³ç³ -¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ, ëï»ÕÍ»É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ýñ³Ýó áñ³Ï³íáñáõÙÁ µ³ñÓñ³óÝ»ÉáõÑ³Ù³ñ: îñ³Ù³¹ñ»Éáí ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Í ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ` Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿³é³ç³¹ñ»É µ³ñ¹ ¨ å³ï³ëË³ Ý³ïáõ ·áñÍ»ñ, áñáÝù Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇóå³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »Ý ÉÇ³Ï³ï³ñ Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ:

Ä³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó Ï³é³í³ñÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ ². Ø³ëÉááõÇ ³ÛÝ

38


¹ñáõÛÃÁ, áñ áñáß ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý áõÝ»Ý³É å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇë»÷³Ï³Ý ëïáñ³Ï³ñ ·áõÃÛáõÝÁ: Î³ñ¨áñ ¿ Ý³¨ Î. ²É¹»ñý»ñÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÝ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ëïáñ³Ï³ñ·áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ß³ñÅí»ÉÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñù¨Çó í»ñ¨, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É í»ñ¨Çó Ý»ñù¨13: ¸³ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇëÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ·ïÝ»É Ù³ÝÏ³ í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ÝáñÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: úñÇÝ³Ï` »Ã» ¹åñáóÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÝ³ñ³íá-ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ µ³í³ñ³ñ»Éáõ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ëïáñÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ, Ý³Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÝÙ³Ý íÇ×³ÏÁ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É í»ñÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇµ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ç³Ýù»ñáí:

¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ»É ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙ, áñï»Õ ¹Çï³ñÏíáõÙ »Ý ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: Àëï Çñ»Ýó¹Çñù³¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³Ý` å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ µ³ñÓñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï áõÝ»óáÕ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÁ ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³ÝóÇó, áíù»ñ Ëáõë³÷áõÙ »Ý ³ÝÑ³çá-ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó14:

Î³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ß³ï Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇÝí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÁ, áñÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë áñáß»É Çñ»Ýó·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ûåïÇÙ³É µáí³Ý¹³ ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³ïÏ³óí³Í·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ ¨ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý å³Ñå³ÝáõÙÁ, ÇëÏ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇÙáï Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿ ³ÙµáÕçÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³×ÇÝ ¨Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ15:

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇÑ³Ý¹»å áñáß³ÏÇ ÇßË³Ý³Ï³Ý ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ,ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óÇÏ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³í»ÉÇÉ³ÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É ¨ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ íñ³³½¹»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: Î³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý·áñÍÁÝÃ³óáõÙ ¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ç ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõÛÉ¿ ï³ÉÇë ·Çï³Ïó»É, áñ ¹³ ÝáñÙ³É »ñ¨áõÛÃ ¿, ¨ ¹ñ³ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÝ ÁÝÏ³Í»Ý Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ³ÝÓÝ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý µÝáõÛÃÇ Ù»ç, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ µÝáñáß »Ý³½¹»óÇÏ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý »ñÏáõ µ¨»é`

39


13 î»°ë Alderfer C., Existence, Relatedness and Growth /Human needs in organizationalsettings. New York: The Free Press, 1972, 415 p.14 Õåêõàóçåí X., Ìîòèâàöèÿ è äåÿòåëüíîñòü. Ì., �Ïåäàãîãèêà�, 1986, ò.1, 408ñ, ò. 2, 398 ñ.15 Ïàòðóøåâ Â. Ä., Êàëìûêàí Í. À., Óäîâëåòâîðåííîñòü òðóäîì: ñîöèàëüíî-ýêî íîìè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû. Ì., �Íàóêà�, 1993, 112 ñ.

ßñç³å³ïÇÝ í»ñ³ÑëÏ»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨, ¹ñ³Ý Ñ³Ï³é³Ï, ³Ù»Ý ÙÇÇßË³Ý³Ï³Ý ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ëáõë³÷»ÉÁ:

²ÛÝ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ, áíù»ñ áõÝ»Ý ³½¹»óÇÏ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù,å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³ Ýáñ»Ý µ³Å³ÝíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ ËÙµÇ: ²é³çÇÝÝ»ñÁ Ó·ïáõÙ »ÝÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ³ÛÝ ÇßË³Ýáõ ÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ, »ñÏñáñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõ ÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù ËÙµÇÝå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ýí³×Ù³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ßË³ï³ÝùÝ ³ÛÝ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï,áñáÝó Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³çÝ³ÛÇÝ ¿ ³½¹»óÇÏ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÁ,µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñ¹ ¿, ù³ÝÇ ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÁ áã³ÝÑÇÙÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ íï³Ý· ½·³É, áñ Ýñ³Ýù Ó·ïáõÙ »Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ëï»ÕÍ»Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ -ï³ëË³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, áñå»ë½Ç ÝÙ³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù áõÝ»óáÕÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÝ ³ÛÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Ý ³ÝÑ³ï³Ï³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ, µ³óÇ ³Û¹`¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ç ï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝ³É áã ÙÇ³ÛÝÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ ³ÛÝ Ã»Ù³Ý»ñÇáõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, áñáÝù Ï³åí³Í »Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÇ ÇßË³Ý³Ï³ÝÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ»ï:

¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ç ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ù³ëÝ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝÇñ ¿áõÃÛ³Ùµ Ùáï ¿ ². Ø³ëÉááõÇ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝ-ùÇÝ: ́ ³í³ñ³ ñ»Éáí ³ÛÝ` áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇÝí³×Ù³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ß³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï »Ý Í³ËëáõÙ ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïß÷Ù³Ý íñ³, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ÝÙ³Ý ß÷Ù³Ý ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙÏ³ñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ³½³ï ÷áË³Ý³ÏáõÙ, áñÁ Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿ Ýáñ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ¨ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ýáñ Ó¨»ñÇ ³é³ç³óÙ³ÝÁ:

Ô»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÑ»ï³½áïÙ³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó ùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝí»Ý Ý³¨ Ñ³ÛÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝùÏ³Ëí³Í »Ý ³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇó ¨ ã»Ý ³ñï³óáÉí³Í Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇóÙ»Ý»çÙ»ÝÃáõÙ. ¹ñ³Ýù »Ý` ³ÉïñáõÇëï³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝùÓ¨³íáñáõÙ »Ý ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ï³ëË³Ý³ïáõ ÉÇÝ»Éáõó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ë»ñÁ ¹»åÇ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ, Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇÙ³ëÝ³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý ·Çï³ÏóáõÙÁ:Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ íñ³ ¹ñ³ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ó³ñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ß³ï ï³ñ³Íí³ÍÏ³ñÍñ³ïÇå ¿: ²ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý ³ÉïñáõÇëï³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñáíÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÁ ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ýáí, áñ Ýñ³Ýó ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÇÍÝ ³é³í»É³å»ë ëï»ÕÍíáõÙ ¿ áã Ã»ËÃ³ÝÝ»ñáí, ³ÛÉ Ý»ñùÇÝ ¹ñ¹áõÙÝ»ñáí: Üßí³Í ËÙµÇ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ

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ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÁ, áñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ, ùÇãç³Ýù»ñ »Ý Í³ËëáõÙ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³Û¹ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»ÉáõÑ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ùñ³åÝ¹áõÙÝ»ñ, áñå»ë½Ç å³Ñå³ÝíÇÙÇïáõÙÇ ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

ÎñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ã³÷³½³Ýó Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ ³ÛÝ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ, áñÁ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ í³ñù³·ÍÇ íñ³ ³½¹áõÙ ¿ áñå»ëß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áÕ ¨ Ñ³Ï³ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áÕ: Àëï ü. Ð»ñóµ»ñ·Ç16` Ñ³çáÕß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÁ Ýå³ëïáÕ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ ¿³å»ë ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ »Ý ³ÛÝ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝù Ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ý ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó.ù³ÝÇ áñ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ³Û¹ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó ã»Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÙ, ³å³ Ýñ³Ýù ½·³ÉÇ ç³Ýù»ñ »Ý Í³ËëáõÙÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ý»ÉáõÑ³Ù³ñ` ÑáõÛë áõÝ»Ý³Éáí, Ã» ¹³ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³×Ç, áñÝ Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ãÇáõÝ»ÝáõÙ:

ÎñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý åñ³ÏïÇÏ³ÛáõÙÏ³ñáÕ ¿ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³É ¨ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï »ñ¨áõÛÃÁ, »ñµ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝå³ï³ÏÁ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ` ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ýí»ñ³óáõÙÝ ¿: ²Ûëï»Õ ü. Ð»ñóµ»ñ·Ç Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝí³ñù³·ÍÇ ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇÝ ¹³éÝáõÙ »Ý ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³ÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

Ô»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ ü. Ð»ñóµ»ñ·Ç ³ÛÝ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ,áñ Ï³½ Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³Ý Ññ³Å»ßï ¿ ³å³Ñáí»É ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áÕ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, »Ã» Ù³ÝÏ³ í³ñÅÝ»ñÁ ÏáÝÏñ»ïÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ½·³ÉÇ ³ëïÇ×³ÝÇ ³Ýµ³í³ ñ³ñí³Í »Ý³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó, ³å³ ¹ñ³ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ å»ïù ¿ Ó·ïÇí»ñ³óÝ»É ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝáÕ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÙÇ³ÛÝ¹ñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ïá µ¨»éÇ Çñ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áÕ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇáõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý íñ³` ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ ùáõÙ ³å³Ñáí»Éáí Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ³ßË³ï³ÝùÁ µ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íÇ×³ÏÇ ÙÇçáóáí:Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ ËÇëï Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ÏáÝÏñ»ï áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõ ÃÛ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ÑÇ·Ç»ÝÇÏ ¨ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇµ³ó³Ñ³Û ïáõÙÁ, áñÁ ¹³éÝ³Éáõ ¿ Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý µáí³Ý¹³ ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²ÛëåÇ ëáí` ëï»ÕÍíáõÙ »Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ,áñáÝù ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ï³ÉÇë áõÅ»Õ³óÝ»É ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³é-·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõ-ÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ íñ³:

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16 Herzberg F., One more time: how do you motivate emploees? //Harvard Business Review,

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝáõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ïí»É ÙÇ³ÛÝ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ýå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ ¨ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ¹ñ¹³å³ï ×³éÝ»ñÇáõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÙïóÝ»É Ý³¨ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý íñ³³½¹áÕ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÁ:²ßË³ïáÕÇÝ ßñç³å³ïáÕ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí áÉáñïÝ»ñÝ Çñ»ÝóÇóÝ»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ »Ý ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó³ÛÇÝ ï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝáõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñÏ³: îíÛ³É ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ »ÉÝáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³ÝÇó,áñ ³ßË³ïáÕÁ ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ ¿ Çñ ³é³ç ¹ñí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ¨ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿,áñ Ñ³çáÕ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ý³ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É:Î³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ëï»ÕÍí³Í Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÁ ³ßË³ïáÕÁÑ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÙ ¿ Çñ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:¸³ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë Ýñ³Ý Ùß³Ï»É áñáß³ÏÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÇÍ,áñÁ å»ïù ¿ áõÕÕí³Í ÉÇÝÇ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ½·³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Ýí³×Ù³ÝÁ: ²Ûë-åÇëáí` ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó³ÛÇÝ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ãÅËï»Éáíå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝù Ý»ñÇ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñáßáõÙ »Ý, áñ³ßË³ïáÕÇ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ Ý³¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý íÇ×³ÏÇ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó:

ºÉÝ»Éáí ì. ìéáõÙÇ ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó17` ³ßË³ïáÕÇß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙÁ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ Ýñ³ Ï³ï³ñ³Í ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÇó: îíÛ³É ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿·»¹»áÝÇ½ÙÇ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ². ²¹É»ñÇ, Î. È¨ÇÝÇ, ¸. èáïï»ñÇ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñá·»µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³18, áñáÝùÇñ»ÝóÇó Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ »Ý áñáß³ÏÇ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛ³Ý ëáõµÛ»ÏïÇíÑ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Ì³Ëë»Éáí áñáß³ÏÇ ç³Ýù»ñ` Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÁ ÑáõÛë ¿ ¹ÝáõÙ ëï³Ý³Éó³ÝÏ³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, ¨ áñù³Ý ß³ï ¿ Ý³ ÑáõÛë ¹ÝáõÙ ¹ñ³ íñ³, ³ÛÝù³ÝáõÅ»Õ ¿ Ýñ³ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙÁ: ºÃ» Ý³ ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ ¿, áñ Çñ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ç³Ýù»ñÇ ¨ Ýí³×³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ï³åãÏ³, ³å³ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙÁ ÃáõÉ³ÝáõÙ ¿: Î³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óáõÙ ïíÛ³É Ï³åÇ µ³ó³Ï³Ûáõ ÃÛ³Ý å³ï×³éÝ»ñÇí»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë Õ»Ï³í³ñÇÝ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇÇÝùÝ³·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñÅ»ùáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ýñ³ Ù³ëÝ³·Çï³Ï³Ý

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1968, vol. 46, p. 53-62.17 Vroom V., Work and motivation. New York: Willey, 1963, 331 p.18 Àäëåð À., Ïðàêòèêà è òåîðèÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíîé ïñèõîëîãèè /Ïåð. ñ íåì.Ì., Ôîíä «Çà ýêîíîìè÷åñêóþ ãðàìîòíîñòü», 1995, 291 ñ; 3åéãàðíèê Á. Â., Òåîðèÿëè÷íîñòè Êóðòà Ëåâèíà. Ì., Èçä-âî ÌÃÓ, 1981, 147 ñ.; Rotter J., Applications of a so-

å³ïñ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý áã µ³í³ñ³ñ ³ëïÇ×³ÝÁ ¨ Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ³ÛÝù³Õ³ù³Ï³ ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÁ Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇÝ ½·³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùëï³Ý³Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ19:

Ð³ëÝ»Éáí ó³ÝÏ³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ` Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÁ ÑáõÛë áõÝÇ ¹ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñëï³Ý³É áñáß³ÏÇ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ: ²Û¹åÇëáí` §Í³Ëë»ñÁ Ïµ»ñ»Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ¦ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹³Ï³Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³í»É³ÝáõÙ ¿ ¨ë Ù»ÏÏ³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ` §³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ ÏÑ³Ý·»óÝÇ í³ñÓ³ ïñáõÃÛ³Ý¦:Ô»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù³ëÝ³·Çïáñ»Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿, áñ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝí³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹áõÙÁ ÃáõÉ³ÝáõÙ ¿, »ñµ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ ¿ Ï³åÁ ëï³ó³Í³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ ¨ ¹ñ³ Ëñ³ËáõëÙ³Ý ÙÇç¨: ÀÝ¹ áñáõÙ` ï³ñµ»ñ ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÝáõÛÝ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁÝÏ³ÉáõÙ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ Ó¨áí: ÐÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿Çñ³íÇ×³Ï, »ñµ ÙÇ Ù³ñ¹áõ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÇÝã-áñ ÙÇ µ³Ý í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿, ÇëÏÙÛáõëÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ` å³ïÇÅ: ì³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÁ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ ÏáÕÙÇóå»ïù ¿ ÁÝÏ³ÉíÇ áñå»ë Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ç³Ýù»ñÇÝ: ²Ûëï»ÕÇó³ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ í³ñÓ³ ïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë»ñï Ï³åí³Í ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ²ëí³ÍÇó ì. ìéáõÙÁ ¹áõñë ¿ µ»ñáõÙ »ññáñ¹·áñÍáÝÁ, áñÝ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï. ¹³ ³ßË³ïáÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÝ ¿:

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõ ÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ å»ïù¿ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³Ý Ý³¨ ïíÛ³É ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¨ ÏÇñ³é»Ý ³ÛÝ` Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ë³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ: Î³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝ Ã³óáõÙ ÇÙ³ëï áõÝÇ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙÁ ¹Çï³ñÏ»É ². Ø³ëÉááõÇ ¨ ¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ç ÝÏ³ñ³·ñ³Í å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ýï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó` Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí, áñ ÙÇ¨ÝáõÛÝ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿Ýå³ëï»É ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ:ºÉÝ»Éáí ¹ñ³ÝÇó` Ù»Ýù ³é³ÝÓÝ³óÝáõÙ »Ýù í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉËÙµ»ñÁ.

Ï³åí³Í ÇÝùÝ³Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï.í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ýå³ëïáõÙ »Ý Ï³ñ·³íÇ×³ÏÇ

µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÁ.í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ï³ÉÇë Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É

ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ.í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ³í»É³óÝáõÙ »Ý áõëáõóãÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñ

ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ³ßË³ï»Éáõ »ñ³ßËÇùÝ»ñÁ.

43


cial learning theory of personality. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1972, 624 p.

ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý ¨ áñ ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý, áñáÝù ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ï³ÉÇëµ³í³ñ³ñ»É ýÇ½ÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³ÝáñáßáõÙÝ»ñ ÁÝ¹áõÝ»Éáõ, ÇßË³Ý³Ï³Ý ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³ÉáõÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ.

í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ` Ï³åí³Í Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñÇ ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý Ñ»ï.í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ` Ï³åí³Í Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý

Ï³ñ¨á ñáõ ÃÛ³Ý ·Çï³ÏóÙ³Ý Ñ»ï:ì»ñÉáõÍ»Éáí í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ` ê. ìÇÏ»ñëï³ýÁ

Ñ³Ý·áõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý, áñ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÙ³Ùµ`Ýå³ï³ÏÁ ¹³ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙÝ ¿, ÇëÏ»ÝÃ³Ï³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÙ³Ùµ` ³ßË³ïáÕ Ý»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇµ³í³ñ³ñáõÙÁ20: ²Ûë »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ Ý³¨ Ù»ñÑ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñáõÙ ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇí³ñÓ³ïñáõ ÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óáõÙ ̈ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇÏ³ñÍÇùÝ»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñáõ ÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáÕí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ÙïóÝ»É ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ßïÏáõÙÝ»ñ:

Î³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇáõß³¹ñáõ ÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý íñ³³½¹áÕ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ÇÝãÁ ì. ìéáõÙÝ Çñ ï»ëáõÃÛáõ-ÝáõÙ ³Ýï»ëáõÙ ¿: àõëáõóãÇ í³ñù³ ·ÇÍÁ ÏáÝÏñ»ï Çñ³íÇ×³ÏáõÙ Ó¨³íá-ñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³ß³Ï»ñï Ý»ñÇ, Ýñ³Ýó ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇ, ¹åñáóÇÕ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñÁ:

²ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÏ³ñ¨áñ »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.

³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ñ³ëï³ï»É ËÇëïÏ³å ëï³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ñÅ»ù³íáñí³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñÇ ÙÇç¨.

Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý¹»åå³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ å»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝÇ µ³ñÓñ ¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³Ý³ÉÇ.

³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇÝ Ý»ñßÝã»É, áñ Ýñ³Ýù Ï³ñáÕ »ÝÑ³ëÝ»É ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇÝ, »Ã» Ý»ñ¹Ý»Ý áñáß³ÏÇ ç³Ýù»ñ.

Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ÏÝÏ³ÉíáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñÝå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇÝ å³ï·³Ù³íáñ»ÉÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñáß³ÏÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï.

²ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇÝ ³ÛÉ

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19 Vroom V., Work and motivation. New York: Willey, 1963, 331 p.20 î»°ëÂèêåðñòàô Ñ., Ãåð÷èêîâ Â., Óïðàâëåíèå ïåðñîíàëîì. Íîâîñèáèðñê,

µ³ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ¸ñ³ ÑÇÙÝ³¹ÇñÝ ¿ê. ²¹³ÙëÁ21, ãÝ³Û³Í Ù³ñ¹áõ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ µ³ñÓñ³óí»É »Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ éáõë Ñ³ÛïÝÇ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³Ý»ñÇ ¨ ëáóÇáÉá·Ý»ñÇ ·áñÍ»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý Ü. ´»ñ¹Û³¨Á22,ì. êáÉáíÛáíÁ23, ä. êáñáÏÇÝÁ24: îíÛ³É ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÛÃÝ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ³ßË³ïáÕÇ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿¹ñ³ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ÇÝãÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ëáõµÛ»ÏïÇí ¿: Ü³·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ ¿ Çñ Í³Ëë³Í ç³Ýù»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï³óí³Í í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝÇñ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ëï³ó³Í í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ýß»É, áñ³½·³ÛÇÝ Ù»ÝÃ³ÉÇï»ïÁ, áñÇÝ µÝáñáß ¿ ÏáÉ»ÏïÇíÇ½ÙÇ ½·³óáõÙÁ,Ó·ïáõÙÁ ¹»åÇ ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù»Í ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý íñ³:

Üßí³Í Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ç Ñ³Ûï ¿ ·³ÉÇë ÝáñÙ»ñÇ »ñÏáõÓ¨` ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ÝáñÙÁ, áñÝ Çñ»ÝÇó Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ ¿ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ» ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ¨ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ÝáñÙÁ, áñÁÝ»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³Ýó í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ïóáõ-ÃÛáõÝÁ: ºÃ» ¹ñ³Ýù Ñ³í³ë³ñ »Ý, ³å³ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÁ ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ ¿, áñÇñ»Ýó í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÉÇáíÇÝ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ¿: ¸³ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ Ý³¨³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ ³ßË³ïáÕÝ ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï³ÝáõÙ,ù³Ý Çñ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÁ, áñÁ Í³ËëáõÙ ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ç³Ýù»ñ: ºÃ» ³ßË³ïáÕÇÝáñÙÁ µ³ñÓñ ¿ ó³ÝÏ³ÉÇÇó, ³å³ Ý³ Ñ³Ù³ñáõÙ ¿, áñ ÇÝùÁ Ã»ñÇ ¿í³ñÓ³ïñíáõÙ ̈ Ñ»ï¨³µ³ñ ½·áõÙ ¿ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ Ùáï»óáõÙ Çñ Ñ³Ý¹»å:ÜáñÙ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë µ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³Éë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó ¨, ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë Ù»ñÑ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÏ³ñ¨áñ ·áñÍáÝ Ý»ñÇó »Ý25: ê³Ï³ÛÝ »ñµ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ó³Íñ ¿, ÝÙ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ µ³í³ñ³ñ»É Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÛÝÑ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ ïíÛ³É Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÁ:

Ô»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ ÇÙ³Ý³É, áñ ³ßË³ïáÕÁ,Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï»Éáí Çñ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÁ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ Ñ»ï,·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ ¿ Çñ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÛÉ áã Ã»³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ, ÇëÏ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»Éáí ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáç

45


�ÈÝÈÎÏÏ�, 1996, 117 ñ.21 Adams J., Toward an undestanding of Equity. //Journal of Abnormal and Social Pfychology,1963, November, p. 245-259.22 Áåðäÿåâ Í. À., Ôèëîñîôèÿ íåðàâåíñòâà. Ì., �ÈÌÀ-ïðåññ�, 1990, 285 ñ.23 Ñîëîâüåâ Â. Ñ., Îïðàâäàíèå äîáðà. Ì., �Ðåñïóáëèêà�, 1996, 478 ñ.24 Ñîðîêèí Ï. À., ×åëîâåê. Öèâèëèçàöèÿ. Îáùåñòâî. Ì., �Ïîëèòèçäàò�, 1992,542 ñ.

³ßË³ï³ÝùÁ` ³ßË³ïáÕÁ ¹³ïáõÙ ¿ ¹ñ³ Ù³ëÇÝ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñáí, áã Ã» ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇ ã³÷áí: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁÕ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ Ã»É³¹ñáõÙ ¿ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»ÉÇñ»Ýó ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÛÉ¨ Ýñ³Ýó Çñ³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇÙ³ëÇÝ:

Î³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÏ³ñ¨áñ ¿, áñ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ ·Çï³Ïó»Ý ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ Çñ»Ýóå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹³ñ Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝÏ³ñáÕ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñí»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý³ïÇå å³ï-Ï»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇó: úñÇÝ³Ï` µáÉáñ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å ïÝûñ»ÝÇ ËÇëï·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ »Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝå³ï³ÏÝ» ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ, Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó¹Çï³ñÏí»É áñå»ë ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ, ÇëÏ Õ»Ï³í³ñÇÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ãí³É, áñ ÇÝùÁÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ¿: ºí ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ï³é³ÏÁ` Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ýï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó Õ»Ï³í³ñÇ ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõëáõóÇãÝ» ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇÝÏ³ñáÕ ¿ Ýñ³Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó ¹Çï³ñÏí»É áñå»ë Ñ³Ï³ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Çã, ù³ÝÇ áñÝÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³ßË³ïáÕ Çñ»Ýó ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÁ ÝÙ³ÝÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ ã»Ý ½·áõÙ: Ô»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ÛÝ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇµ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÁ, áñáÝù Ýå³ëïáõÙ Ï³Ù ËáãÁÝ¹áïáõÙ »Ý ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ,Çñ»ÝóÇó Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ »Ý ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïÙ³ÝÏ³ñ¨áñ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ:

²ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³-í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõ Ý»áõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó³ÛÇÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³½áïÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ù»Ýù¹Çï³ñÏ»É »Ýù Ý³¨ È. äáñï»ñÇ, ¨ ¾. Èááõ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ß³Ñ³-¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÁ26, áñÁ Ñ³Ù³ËÙµáõÙ ¿ ¨° ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ, ¨° ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ýï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ: îíÛ³É Ùá¹»ÉÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»ÉÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ ó³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ áñáß»É ¹ñ³Ýó Çñ³-Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ: ¸ñ³Ýó ó³ÝÏÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É ¿ Ü. Ü»Ùáí³Ý27, áñÁÝ»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÁ.

Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ³ÏÝÏ³ÉíáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ñëï³Ï áñáßí³Í»Ý ¨ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ »Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ.

³Û¹ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ »Ý Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ

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25 Âèõàíñêèé Î. Ñ, Íàóìîâ À. È. Ìåíåäæìåíò: ÷åëîâåê, ñòðàòåãèÿ, îðãàí-èçàöèÿ, ïðîöåññ. Ì., �Ãàð äà ðèêà�, 1996, 416 ñ.26 Lawler E., Porter L., The effect of performance on job satisfaction //Industrial Relations,1967, vol. 7, p. 20-28.

ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù ã»Ý Ï³ëÏ³ÍáõÙ Çñ»Ýó áõÅ»ñÇÝ.ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï

Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå ã³Ï³Ý, ÝÛáõÃ³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝùµ³í³Ï³Ý »Ý ³ÏÝÏ³ÉíáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñÇÝÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ï³ëÏ³ÍáõÙ.

³ÏÝÏ³ÉíáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇó ãÇå³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ã³÷³½³Ýó É³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.

Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý µáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Í³ÝáÃ µ³ñÓñ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ.

í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñÅ»ù »Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ Ï³ï³ñáÕ Ý»ñÇÑ³Ù³ñ.

í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ûµÛ»ÏïÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ, ¨ ¹ñ³ÝáõÙ Ñ³Ùá½í³Í ¿Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅ.

Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÏáÉ»ÏïÇíáõÙ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ »Ý.Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÇ Ï³ñ·³íÇ×³ÏÁ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ Ýñ³ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó.Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ï³ëÏ³ÍáõÙ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ßËÙ³Ý

³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ»Ýó ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ:

Î³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝï-ñáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, áñÕ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ùáï Ï³ ³ÛÝ ëË³É Ï³ñÍÇùÁ, áñ Çñ»ÝóÑ³Ù³ñ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³éÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝã³÷ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý »Ý Ý³¨Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ÜÙ³Ý Ùáï»óÙ³Ý µ³ó³éÙ³Ý å³ï×³éáíï³ñµ»ñ í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí å»ïù ¿ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»ÉÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³é -Ý»ñÁ ¨ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ýå³ëïáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ¸³ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å ÏÇñ³é»Éß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ³ÛÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù »Ý Ýñ³Ýóå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ:

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÑ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ïíÛ³É Ã»Ù³Ûáíå³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï: Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿, áñ ³ÛÝÇñ³Ï³Ý³óíÇ Ý³¨ §Î³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¹åñáó. Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇÏ³é³í³ñáõÙ¦ ³é³ñÏ³ÛÇ ³ÛÉ Ã»Ù³Ý»ñÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³ -Ý³Ï, ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹ñ³Ýù ë»ñï Ï³åí³Í »Ý ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

§ÂÇÙ»ñÁ áñå»ë Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûµÛ»Ïï¦ Ã»Ù³ÛÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛ³ÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï28 ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ³é³ÝÓÝ³óÝ»É ÃÇÙ³ÛÇÝ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ

47


ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹ÇãÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É »ñÏáõ ËÙµ»ñáõÙ.³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý í³ñù³·ÍÇ

³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù áñáßíáõÙ »Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï³ßË³ï³ÝùÇÝ Ýå³ëïáÕ Ï³Ù ËáãÁÝ¹áïáÕ ÃÇÙ³ÛÇÝ ¹»ñ»ñáí.

Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõ-ÃÛáõÝÁ ÃÇÙ³ÛÇÝ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ íñ³:

²Û¹ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ ³ñÅ³ÝÇ Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ÙáïÙ³ëÝ³ÏÇó ÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³ ¹ñ¹ñ Ù³Ý ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÑ»ï³½áïáõÙÁ ÃÇÙÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ÷áõÉ»ñáõÙ29:

Ø³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÑ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñÁ ÑÇÙù »Ý ¹³éÝáõÙ ³ÙµáÕç ÏñÃ³Ï³ÝÑ³ëï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ30, ù³ÝÇ áñ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇó å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝåÇëÇÏ³éáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÇ ¿áõÃÛ³Ý ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý å³Ñ³Ýç -ÙáõÝùÁ, ¹ñ¹³å³ï×³éÁ, ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ, ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:²Ûë-åÇëáí` Ù³ÝÏ³ í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝáõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ËÃ³ÝÙ³Ý µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝáñáßÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, Ù»ñ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ å³Ñå³Ý»É Ñ»ï¨Û³Éå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ`

ïíÛ³É µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝÇ ³ßË³ïáÕÇ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇ íñ³ ³½¹áÕ` ¨° Ýñ³ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, ¨°ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ.

³ÛÝ å»ïù ¿ å³ñáõÝ³ÏÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÍñ³ïÇåå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÍÇå³ï×³éÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñå»ë½Ç ¹ñ³Ýó ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ó¨³íáñí»ÝÙ³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Çñ³Ï³Ýå³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ.

³é³ç³ñÏí³Í µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ÃáõÛÉ ï³ Õ»Ï³í³ñÇÝ áãÙÇ³ÛÝ µ³ó³ïñ»É Ù³ÝÏ³í³ñÅÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ, ³ÛÉ¨Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É ¹ñ³ ß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍá-ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:

48


27 Íåìîâà Í. Â., Óïðàâëåíèå ìåòîäè÷åñêîé ðàáîòîé â øêîëå. Ì., Ñåíòÿáðü,1999, 176 ñ.28 Óøàêîâ Ê. Ì. Ïîäãîòîâêà óïðàâëåí÷åñêèõ êàäðîâ îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Ì., Ñåíòÿ-áðü, 1997, 176 ñ.29 Äåðçêîâà Í. Ï., Êîìàíäà: ýòàïû ñòàíîâëåíèÿ è ïîâåäåíèå ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ//Äè ðåêòîð øêîëû. 1996, N 1, ñ. 30-35.30 Ñåëåêòîð Ñ. Ñ., Îðãàíèçàöèîííûé êëèìàò: «çàêòðûòûé» è «îòêðûòûé» //Äè -ðåêòîð øêîëû, 1997, ñïåöâûïóñê N1, ñ. 25-32; Óøàêîâ Ê. Ì, Ñåëåêòîð Ñ. Ñ., Äèí-

ºÉÝ»Éáí Ýßí³ÍÇó` Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ áõëáõóÙ³Ý ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï³Ýµáí³Ý¹³ Ïáõ ÃÛáõÝÝ ¿` ². Ø³ëÉááõÇ, ¸. Ø³ù-øÉ»ÉÉ³Ý¹Ç, ü. Ð»ñóµ»ñ·Çß³Ñ³¹ñ¹Ù³Ý µáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÛÇÝ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³ÏÝÏ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¨³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó³ÛÇÝ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ»óáõÙÁÑ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ:

49


È¨áÝ Ø³ñïÇñáëÛ³Ý

î³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ¨½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ»é³ÝÏ³ñÝ»ñÁ ÐÐ-áõÙ

ÐÐ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³í³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³ÝÑ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃ ËÝ¹Çñ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïÙ»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ, áñáÝù Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ýå³ëï»ÉÁÝïñ»Éáõ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³ÝÑÇÙÝ³íáñÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ï³ñ·³íáñ»Éï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³ÝÙÇçï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ µ³ßËáõÙÁ, ¹ñ³Ýó Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ ¨³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ̈ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»Ýï-ñáÝáõÙ å³Ñ»É ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ¨ å»ï³Ï³Ý ß³Ñ»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóáõÙÁ ¨ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ,ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙ»ñÇÙ³ëÝ³·Çï³óÙ³Ý ¨ ÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÝ áõ ¹ñ³Ýó Ý»ñáõÅÇû·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ:

Ð»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ å³ñ½í»É ¿, áñ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ÝÏ³ïÇáõÝ»Ý³É Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ, áñáí å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¿³Û¹ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñáõÙÁå³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ¹ñ³Ýó ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý³ñï³¹ñ³ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáÕ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÇ ¨³é³ç³ñÏÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó ïÝï»ë³Ï³ÝÏ³å»ñÇ Ý»ñáõÅÁ ¨ ¹ñ³ ûåïÇÙ³É û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ:

ÐÐ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³É Ý³¨¹ñ³Ýó ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ¨Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý Ï³½ÙáõÙ ¨ áñáß»É Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³ÝáõñÏ³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÏ³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¾ ¹ñ³Ýó é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÁ Çñ»Ýó í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñáõÙ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ³Û¹ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ ËÇëï ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ »ÝÇÝãå»ë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ýáÝ¹»ñÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¾É ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³Ýí³Ý³ó³ÝÏÇí»ñ³Ï³½Ù³Ý ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:

²Ûë ³éáõÙáí ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³ÝÑ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ áõ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÝ »Ý` »ñ³ßË³íáñ»É ¹ñ³Ýó

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Ñ³Ù³ñ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝóëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÑÇÝ· ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ:

²é³çÇÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÃáõÛÉ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³ÛÝ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝó Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕÑ³Ù³Ë³éÝ Ý»ñùÇÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ ·ñ»Ã» ù³éáñ¹ ã³÷áí ó³Íñ ¿Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó:

ºñÏñáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ï³ñ³Íßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝù áõÝ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñ:

ºññáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ »ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ áñå»ë ã³÷³ÝÇßÑ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¾ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ÷ÝïñáõÙÁª ÙÇÝã¨ 25 ï³ñÇ Ñ³ë³Ï³ÛÇÝÏ³½ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:

âáññáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¾ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ 25ï³ñ»Ï³ÝÇ Ñ³ë³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³½ÙÇ ½µ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙÁ:

ÐÇÝ·»ñáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¾ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ é»ýáñÙÇ³ÝóÏ³óÙ³Ý Ù»ç, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¾ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý

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ËÃ³ÝáõÙÁ:î³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ »Ý

Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÙµ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ:²é³çÇÝ ËÙµÇ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇó ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ

½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³ÙÝ ¿: ºñÏñáñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ»Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³ÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝóÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÝå³ï³Ïáí: ºññáñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ »Ý í³ñÏ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³ÝûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³·ÍÇ »Ï³Ùï³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó: âáññáñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ»Ý Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýßí³Í ·áñÍ-ÇùÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ ¹ñ³ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝáõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ, ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÙ»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ̈ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ Ë³éÁÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÝ áõ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇáõÅ»Õ³óáõÙÁ, ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ µ³ßËÙ³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÙÁ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇµ³½Çë³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨,ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ó¨»ñÇ Ñëï³Ï»óáõÙÁ ̈ ÙÇ-çáóÝ»ñÇ é³óÇáÝ³É µ³ßËáõÙÁ å»ï³Ï³Ý ¨ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:

ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓÁ óáõÛó ¾ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¾ ï³ñµ»ñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñáí,³Ûëï»ÕÇó ¾É ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ¾ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéÙ³Ý³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝª ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ µ³½Çë³ÛÇÝ »ÝÃ³Ï³ááõóí³ÍùÇ ¨³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:

î³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Õ-Ã³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó »Ý Ý³¨ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ: Üß»Ýù, áñ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÏ³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³½³Ý»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ¿³Ï³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙÁ ÏÝå³ëïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ÝÑñ³-Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¾ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ »Ï³Ùï³ÛÇÝ µ³½³,ÁÝ¹·ñÏ»Éáí ÇÝãå»ë ë»÷³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ»ñÁ,ï³ñÇýÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛëåÇëáí,ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý³Ý

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ë»÷³Ï³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³½³:î³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñáõÙÁ

å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ µ³ßËáõÙÁÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨: ¸ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ëï»ÕÍ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·, áñÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ»ñÁ ̈ Ýå³ëï»É ÙÇ³ëÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³ÝÁ, Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÝ»É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ý»ñÁ ̈ å³Ñå³Ý»ÉëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÙ ï³ñ³ÍËñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³íá-ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï µ³ßË»É áõ û·ï³·áñÍ»É³ñï³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ýå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ»Éï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ýµ³½³Ý ¨ Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»É Ñ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ºñÏñáñ¹,Ñëï³Ï»óÝ»É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ µÛáõç»Ç »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ: ºññáñ¹, ³å³Ñáí»É ³ñï³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ýáÝ¹»ñÇëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ:

î³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ¨áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ å³ñ½í»É ¿, áñ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï×³éÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇí»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ¹ñ³Ýó µ³ßËÙ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ²Û¹ µ³ó»ñÇ í»ñ³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É áã ÙÇ³ÛÝù³Ý³Ï³Ï³Ý, ³ÛÉ¨ áñ³Ï³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí,³ÛëÇÝùÝ`û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:

î³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »ÝµÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ, ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ýáÝ¹»ñÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõ-ñëÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ï³½ÙáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅÁ:Üß³Ý³ÏáõÙ ¿ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñáí å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¿ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ó¨³íáñíáõÙ »Ýï³ñµ»ñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝùÝ»ñ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇÓ¨³íáñÙ³Ý íñ³: Ü»ñùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿í»ñÉáõÍ»É ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñáõÅÁ ¨ ßáõÏ³ÛÇÏ³éáõóí³ÍùÁ ¨ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ýé³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²Ûë ÇÙ³ëïáí, Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ »Ýù Ñ³Ù³ñáõÙÑ³ïÏ³å»ë í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ:Ü»ñÏ³ÛáõÙë »ñÏñÇ ÙÇ ß³ñù ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³éÏ³ ¿

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í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù»Í Ý»ñáõÅ. ÑÇ¹ñá¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³,³ñ¨³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³ ̈ ÑáÕÙ³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³: Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ÑáÕÙ³ÛÇÝ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ëï³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ»é³ÝÏ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ·áïÇÝ»ñÝ Ù»Í³Ù³ë³ÙµÑ»é³íáñ É»éÝ³ÝóùÝ»ñáõÙ, áñáÝó Ý»ñÑ³ïáõÏ ¿ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ëÇó½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ (2000Ù ¨ ³í»ÉÇ): Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇÐ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¦¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³ÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ûñ»ÝùÁ§ Ñ³ÝÓÝ³ñ³ñ»É ¿ó³ÝóÇ ûå»ñ³ïáñÇÝ (³ÝÑ³ï ·Ýáñ¹ÇÝ) ·Ý»Éáõ ì¾ ³ÕµÛáõñÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³Í³ÙµáÕç ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³Ýª ÐÐ ÐÌÎÐ-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÉÇó»Ý½Ç³Ýëï³Ý³Éáõó Ñ»ïá 15 ï³ñí³ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ: Ü»ñÏ³ ë³Ï³·ÇÝÁÑáÕÙ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ¿ 35 ¹ñ³Ù/ÏìïÅ ÐÐÐÌÎÐ-Ç í»ñçÇÝ áñáßáõÙáí31, ³Ûë ë³Ï³·ÇÝÁ å»ïù ¿ í»ñ³Ñ³ßí³ñÏíÇ³Ù»Ý ï³ñÇª ëÕ³×Ç ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³ÙÇ »íñáÛÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ÷áË³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÏáõñëÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ï³ñ·³íáñ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ØÇ ß³ñùÝ³Ë³·ÍáÕÝ»ñ ¶»ñÙ³ÝÇ³ÛÇó, Æï³ÉÇ³ÛÇó, ÐáÉ³Ý¹Ç³ÛÇó, ÐáõÝ³ëï³ÝÇó,Æñ³ÝÇó ¨ èáõë³ëï³ÝÇó Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý Ñ³Ý¹»ë µ»ñ»ÉÐ³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³ñ³í³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñáõÙÑáÕÙ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý ÙáÝÇïáñÇÝ· Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝÃ³ñÏí³Í ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙÑáÕÙ³¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ý»ñáõÅÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÏ»ñå` 495 Øìï32 ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ ó³ÝóÇÝ ÙÇ³Ïóí³ÍÑáÕÙ³¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ Ñ½áñáõÃÛáõÝ` Ùáï 1.3 ÙÇÉÇ³ñ¹ Îìï ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Í³í³Éáí: Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ áÉáñïÇé³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑáÕÙ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³Ý ¹Çï³ñÏáõÙ ¿ áñå»ëÑ»Ý³ëÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ` »ñÏñÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ë»ÏïáñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ï»ùëïáõÙ: úñÇÝ³Ï` 2005Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇÝ ÐÐ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇóÁÝ¹áõÝí³Í ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÇ³ÛÇ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ ¿ÑáÕÙ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ áÉáñïáõÙ ³½·³ÛÇÝ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ýå³ï³ÏÁ. ³ÛÝ ¿` ÙÇÝã¨2025Ã.33 ³å³Ñáí»É 500Øìï ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í Ñ½áñáõÃÛ³ÙµÑáÕÙ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍí³Í ÑáÕÙ³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí:

ÐÇßÛ³É Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÑáÕÙ³ÛÇÝ ïáõñµÇÝÝ»ñÇ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³ßí³ñÏí³Í Í³Ëë»ñÁ` í»ñáÑÇßÛ³ÉÝ»ñáõÅÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ïå³Ñ³ÝçíÇ 650-800 ÙÉÝ »íñáÛÇ ã³÷áíÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ:34

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àìèêà ïðåäñòàâëåíèé è äåéñòâèé èëè ñóòü è ñìûñë òåðìèíà «îðãàíèçàö-èîííûé êëèìàò» //Äèðåêòîð øêîëû, 1997, N1, ñ. 14-20.31 ÐÐ ÐÌÎÐ –Ç No 353-N áñáßáõÙ ³é 31 û·áëïáëÇ 2007Ã.32 Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ì»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³ÛÇ ¨ ¾Ý»ñ·³ËÝ³ÛáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÐÇÙÝ³¹ñ³Ù,ìºð²Î²Ü¶ÜìàÔ ¾Üºð¶ºîÆÎ²ÚÆ Ìð²¶Æð, Ð. Ø³ñç³ÝÛ³Ý, ºñ¨³Ý 2008Ã. ¿ç 12:33 ÐÐ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý 2005Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇ 23-Ç ÃÇí 24/ 1 ³ñÓ³Ý³·ñ³ÛÇÝ áñáßáõÙ` ¦ÐÐ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ë»ÏïáñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý

²ÛëåÇëáí` ÑáÕÙ³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³ÛÇ ½³ñ³óáõÙÁ ËÃ³Ý ¨ ß³ñÅÇã áõÅÏ³ñáÕ ¿ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³É ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý, Ýáñ³ßË³ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇÙáõïù»ñÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ýáñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ Ý»¹ñÙ³Ý ³éáõÙÝ»ñáí:Ð³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí í»ñÁ Ýßí³ÍÁ ·ïÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ëáõÛÝ áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ùß³Ï»É ¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, û·³·áñÍ»Éáí ³ñïáÝÛ³É í³ñÏ»ñ¨ ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ áñáß ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ`ÏËÃ³Ý»Éáõ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³ÛÇ ¨ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ:

î³ñ³ÍùÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ íñ³ Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³ÝáõñïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý, ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ: î³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ »ÝÃ³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ ÙÇß³ñù ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý, áñÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ ³ßË³ñÑ³·ñ³Ï³Ý,ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ, ÅáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý, ïñÝ³ëåáñï³ÛÇÝ ³ÛÉ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï å»ïù ¿ ÝÏ³ïÇáõÝ»Ý³É áã Ã» §Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óáõÙ¦, ³ÛÉ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝõÃÛáõÝ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³ÛÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý³ÛÝ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ, áñáÝù ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ »Ýï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏó-ÇáÝ³É ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ:

î³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ ³ñÅ»ÃÕÃ»ñÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙÁ, áñÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇÉáõÍÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÷áË³ïí³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÓ¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝå³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙÁ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³½³ï¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ, å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ,Å³ÙÏ»ïÝ»ñÁ, ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý ó³Íñ éÇëÏÁ, å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇï»Õ³µ³ßËÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÁ ¨ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³ÉÏ³éáõÛóÝ»ñÁ: Ð³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ Ï³Û³óáõÙÁÏ³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ ¹»ýÇóÇïÇýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñÙ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿ÉÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ-÷áË³ïí³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²ÛëÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ Ý»ñ³éíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µáÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ³ñÅ»ÃÕÃ»ñÁ,Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ

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Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ²Ûëï»ÕÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁÑ³Ý¹Çë³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÉÍ³Ï, áñÇ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½·³óíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏáíýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ù Éñ³óáõóÇã ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇÓ¨³íáñÙ³Ý ̈ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó: ²ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É³ßË³ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝÝå³ï³Ïáí ¨ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ·áñÍ»É Éñ³óáõóÇã Ï³åÇï³ÉÇëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ¨ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÝ»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, Å³ÙÏ»ïÝ»ñÁ ¨ í»ñ³¹³ñÓ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É Ý³Ë ³Û¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñáëù»ñÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÁ, ÃáÕ³ñÏíáÕÝ»ñÇ¨ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ºñÏñáñ¹Á, Ï³ñ·³íáñ»ÉÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïñíáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ ¨ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ë³·Í»ñÇ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÛÝÁ: ºññáñ¹Á,³ëïÇ×³Ý³µ³ñ Ïñ×³ï»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

²Û¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ¨·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë ³å³Ñáí»É ¹ñ³ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý ÇÝëï-ÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ßï, Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½Ù ̈ å»ï³Ï³Ý³ç³ÏóáõÙ: ºñÏñáñ¹Á, Ùß³Ï»É ³Û¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÑ³Û»ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÙÇç³í³Ûñ»ñÁ: ºññáñ¹Á, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÙÇ³íáñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇû·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõ-ñëÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ¨ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:

Ø»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ³é³ç³ñÏíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏñÇ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇÙß³ÏÙ³Ý áõ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇó, Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇó,ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó, ë»÷³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³ÝÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇó, µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñáõÙÇó ¨ ï³ñµ»ñ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó: Ø³ñ½Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ áñáßíáõÙ ¿ ¹ñ³ µÛáõç»ÇÍ³í³Éáí, Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ Ù³ëáí, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ÐÜ²-Ç Ï³½ÙáõÙ Çñï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ Ïßéáí: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Ñ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ

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Ñ³ïÏ³óáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ Áëï Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáÕ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇ µÛáõç»ÇÓ¨³íáñáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ³Ùñ³·ñ»É Ý»ñùÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñáí, áñáÝù å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñí»Ý Ù³ñ½ÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÝ»ñáí, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»ÉáíýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÇï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ýå³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ áñå»ë Ï³ñ¨áñ Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³É å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»ÉÑ³Ýù³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ, ¹ñ³ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ¨û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÁ, Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇóëï³óíáÕ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí å»ïù ¿ ÏÇñ³é»É ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù»Ù³ï³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÁ, áñÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³Ù³ã³÷½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ïÏ³Ýßí»Ý¹ñ³ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ,ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ:

Ø³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùáõÙ ÏÇñ³éíáÕëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ýù³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÏ³ÝË³ï»ëáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñÙ³ÝÁ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ,áñ µáÉáñ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ³å³Ñáíí»Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ¶ïÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ³Û¹ ÑÝ³ñ³íá-ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ÑÇÙùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ ¹ñí»Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ³å³ÑáíáõÙÁ, ÇëÏ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³ÝË³ï»ëÙ³Ý ̈ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ ÑÇÙù ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É Ý³Ë ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³ñÏÙ³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ,¹ñáõÛùÇ ̈ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:ºñÏñáñ¹, Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇÝÑ³ïÏ³óíáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ºññáñ¹, Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝµÛáõç»Ý»ñÇó Ï³ï³ñíáÕ Í³Ëë»ñÇ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÝ, Áëï ¹ñ³Ýó½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ï³ÙÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý: âáññáñ¹, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×Çßï ÁÝï-ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙù ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ:

57


ÐÇÝ·»ñáñ¹, Ñ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »ÝÇÝãå»ë Ñ³ñÏÙ³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ, ¹ñáõÛù³ã³÷Ç, Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ³ñïáÝáõÃÛ³Ý,Ñ³ñÏÇ í»ñ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³ÝÁ,³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÙ »Ýù ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ý³¨ ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ýóáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí:

üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇó »ÝýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ×·Ý³Å³Ù³ÛÇÝíÇ×³ÏÁ:

Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ »Ýù ·ïÝáõÙ, áñ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³ÉÇÑ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ µ³ñÓñ ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ Ïßéáí, í×³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨Çñ³óí»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñáí: ÖÇßï ¿, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïñíáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁÏ³ï³ñí»É »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ïñí»Ý³ÛÉ »É³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ ëÏ½µáõÝùáí, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ Éñ³óáõóÇã ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ å»ïù¿ Ñ³ïÏ³óí»Ý ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù Ñ³ñÏáõÝ³Ï ã»Ý ¨ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ»Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝª »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñÙ³ÝÏ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ÙÇç¨: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáíÑ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùµ ³å³ÑáíÇ Ñ³ñÏÙ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ß»ñï³íá-ñáõÙÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨, Ï³ñ·³íáñÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÑ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÐÜ²-Ç Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, ³é³ç³ñÏáõÙ »Ýù ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÙ³ÝÇñ³óí»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó.

Ý³Ë, å»ïù ¿ áñáß»É ýÇÝ³Ýë³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõ»ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝ³ÏïÇí Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ, áñÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ ËÃ³Ý»É µáÉáñï»ë³ÏÇ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ,

»ñÏñáñ¹Á Ñ³ñÏ³íáñ ¿ áñáß»É ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ í³×³éùÇó ëï³óíáÕ·áõÙ³ñÇ ã³÷Á, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí, áñ Çñ³í»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ëÏ³åí³Í ¿ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ í³×³éùÇ ¨ µáÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÇ í×³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÏ³ï³ñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ï³½ÙáõÙ Ù»Í »Ý ¹³Ý¹³Õ ¨¹Åí³ñ Çñ³óí»ÉÇ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûëï»ÕÇó ¿É, ïÝï»ëí³ñáÕ ëáõµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ Çñ³óí»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ý¹»ë ¿ ·³ÉÇë áñå»ë ëÝ³ÝÏ³óÙ³Ýå³ï×³é, Ï³Ù Ñ³Ï³é³ÏÁª ëÝ³ÝÏ³óÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ïÝï»ëí³ñáÕëáõµÛ»ÏïÁ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ³å³Ñáí»É Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ¨ í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ í×³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨í×³ñ»É ³ßË³ï³í³ñÓÁ: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É

58


ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ.³é³çÇÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÃáõÛÉ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý

Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝó Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ÐÜ²-Á 25%-áíó³Íñ ¿ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó,

»ñÏñáñ¹Á í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝù áõÝ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñ,

»ññáñ¹Á í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ »ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ,

ãáññáñ¹Á í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇÓ¨³íáñÙ³ÝÁ:

Ø»ñ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝÙáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ ¹ñíÇ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇû·³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙÝ»ñÙáõÍí³Í ¨ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇó ëï³óí³ÍÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ:

²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ »Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³ÝáõñÏ³éáõóí³ÍùÇ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í »Ý ³½³ïßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³Ýçáí, áñÇµ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ë³Ã³ñíáõÙ ¿ ³½³ï Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨Ýí³½áõÙ ¿ ·áñÍ³ñ³ñ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ: ²ÛÅÙ ÐÐ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇí»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ¨ ÉÇ³ñÅ»ù ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ»Ý ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ·áñÍáõÙ áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ÙµáÕç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÛÉ¨Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÏ»Ýë³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý íñ³: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí ¿É Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ»Ý í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇí»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý áõ ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿.

·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ,³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ, µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ,

Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É Áëïï³ñµ»ñ ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·Ù³ÝÏÇñ³é»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñáÕ Ï³ñ¨áñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ,

Ùß³Ï»É ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý, ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý

59


µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ, Ï³ñ¨áñ»Éáí ÃáÕ³ñÏíáÕ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇÙá¹»ñÝ³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ,

µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ ³é³ÝÓÝ³å»ë Ï³ñ¨áñ»ÉáíÝáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ·Çï³Ñ»ï³½áï³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ,

ÑÇÙÝ³íáñ»É í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÉáõÍáõÙÁÏ³åí³Í ¿ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ïááå»ñ³óÙ³Ý ̈ ÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ëÝ³¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ¹ñ³ óáõóÝÇßÝ»ñÇ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ»ï,

»ÉÝ»Éáí Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó, ÁÝïñ»É Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý É³ÛÝ³Í³í³É·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ¹ñ³Ýó Ï»Ýë³·áñÍÙ³Ýï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÝ áõ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³ÉÝ»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:

ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ë, í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³ÍÙáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³ Ý³Ë³ÑÇÙùªÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý, ¹ñ³Ýóí»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý áõ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝùÏ³ï³ñíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý, Ã»Ã¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý¨ ³ÛÉ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ÐÐ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ Ñ³ïí³ÍÇÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ß³ï ½·³ÛáõÝ »Ý, ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇóª Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ³ñï³ùÇÝßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇóª ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇÙß³ÏÙ³Ý óÇÏÉ»ñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý áõ Ññ³ï³å ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙÙß³ÏÙ³Ý óÇÏÉ³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇµ³ñÓñ³óáõÙÁ, áñÁ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ý Ï³åí³Í ¿ Ùß³ÏáÕ ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇýÇ½ÇÏ³ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý, ÃáÕ³ñÏíáÕ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ùá¹»ñÝ³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ýáñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ»ï:

²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³éÏ³ »Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇóÏ³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³é³ÝÓÝ³óÝ»É ³ÛÝ, áñ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ»ñÁ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ã»Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ëå³éÙ³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý ß³ï÷áùñ ¿, ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï ¿, µ³ñÓñ »Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ·Ý»ñÁ, ³ÝÑ³ë³Ý»ÉÇ ¿ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇó ëï³óí³Í

60


ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁª Ùß³ÏáÕ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:²ÛëåÇëáí, Ýßí³Í Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í

³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ë³ñëËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý.Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ ë»ñÝ¹Ç

ï»ËÝÇÏ³ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¨ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³Éµ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ¨é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý,Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý, ·ÉË³íáñáõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³íá-ñáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý óÇÏÉ³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇÏ³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ áõ ï³ñµ»ñÍ³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ»ÝñÇ Ïááå»ñ³óÙ³ÝÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý, Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ýé³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇµ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ µ³½³ÛÇëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÏ³ÝË³ï»ëáõÙÝ»ñÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³ÝÑ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ̈ ýÇÝ³Ýë³í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÓ»éáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³Ýí³Ý³ó³ÝÏ»ñÇ Ýáñ³óÙ³Ý, Çñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³íãáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ûáõñ³óÙ³ÝÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÏÝå³ëï»Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç ³å³ÑáíÙ³ÝÁ:

ÐÐ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñå»ëÏ³ñ¨áñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É Ñ³í³ùÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙÁ (Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë, Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ï»ÕÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ), áñï»Õ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÏááå»ñ³óÇ³Ý, ÇÝï»·ñ³óÇ³Ý ¨ Ñ³í³ùÙ³Ý »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ýã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñÙáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ` Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÏ³ÝË³ï»ëÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, Ù³ñ½Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝ³ÛÇÝÏ³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ¨

61


Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇó ¨ Ù³ñ½Ç Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÙ»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ: Æ í»ñçá, ³ÛÝ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ Ý³¨Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É Ù³ñ½Ç »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ù³ñ½Ç ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³ÝáõÕÕí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

62


Î³ñ»Ý ÔáõÉáÛ³Ý

Ð³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁÐ³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ

Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý ëÏÇ½µÁ, Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É 1996Ãí³Ï³ÝÁ, »ñµ ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ó¨³íáñí»óÇÝ 47ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ, 12 Ã³Õ³ÛÇÝ ¨ 871 ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñå»ë áõÝÇï³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó¨³íáñ»ó ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ñÏûÕ³Ï Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ªÏ»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ (²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáí), ·áñÍ³¹Çñ(Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ) ¨ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý Ã¨»ñáí, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª Ç¹»Ùë ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ (ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ` Ã³Õ³ÛÇÝ) ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÕ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ áõ ³í³·³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ:

Ð³ñÏ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ýáñ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÙÝ³ó»É »Ý ¹»é¨ë ãÉáõÍí³Í ï³ñµ»ñ Ñ³ñó»ñ, áñáÝù÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÙÇ³Ýß³Ý³Ï ã»Ý Ù»ÏÝ³µ³ÝíáõÙ:35

Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ¹ñ³ÝóÇó Ñ³ïÏ³Ýß³Ï³ÝÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, Ã» ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ å»ïù ¿ÉÇÝ»Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý áõ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ÷áËÑ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁÓ·ï»Éáõ ¿ Çñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõÝ»Ý³É ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ, ÇëÏ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ó·ï»Éáõ »Ýáñù³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ áõÝ»Ý³É ³ÝÏ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:Î»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»Õ»ñáõÙ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁÇñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí, áñáÝó Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ³å³ñ³ïÁ(Ù³ñ½å»ïÁ ¨ Ýñ³ ³ßË³ï³Ï³½ÙÁ), Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»Õ»ñáõÙ:

²ÛÉ Ëáëùáí, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí ³éÏ³ ¿ »ñÏáõÏ³éáõÛó, áñáÝóÇó Ù»ÏÁ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ ¿, áñÝÁÝïñáíÇ Ï³éáõÛó ¿, ÇëÏ »ñÏñáñ¹Áª Ù³ñ½å»ïÁ ¨ Ýñ³ ³å³ñ³ïÁ, áñÁÝß³Ý³ÏáíÇ ¿ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇóª áñå»ë ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝÏ³é³í³ñÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝ: ²é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó ÃíáõÙ ¿, áñ

63


½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ï»ùëïáõÙ§ 34 ÜáõÛÝ ï»ÕÇó, ¿ç 7:

35 Ð³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ: Æ.·.¹., åñáý»ëáñ ². Þ. Ð³ñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³ÝÇ ̈ ï.·.¹.,

ëï»ÕÍí»ó ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý áã Ã» »ñÏáõ, ³ÛÉ »ñ»ù ûÕ³Ï:ê³Ï³ÛÝ ³Û¹ ÇñáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ×Çßï å³ï³ëË³Ý ï³Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï¿ ¹Çï³ñÏ»É, Ã» ¹ñ³ÝóÇó áñÇÝ ÇÝã ·áñÍ³éáõÛÃÝ»ñ »Ý Ñ³ïÏ³óíáõÙïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý áõ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ ¹ñ³Ýù³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï é»ëáõñëÝ»ñáí ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ·áñÍáõÙ: ²Ûë ÇÙ³ëïáí, »Ã»Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ µ³ÅÇÝ ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ å»ï³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇÇñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁª ÑÇÙùáõÙ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ³óí³Íë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ¹ñ³ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í å»ï³Ï³Ý ýÇÝ³ÝëÝ»ñÁ, ³å³ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ µ³ÅÇÝ »Ý ÁÝÏÝáõÙï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ¹ñ³ ÑÇÙùÇíñ³ Ó¨³íáñí³Í ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ýÇÝ³ÝëÝ»ñÁ: ØÇÝã¹»é ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝÏ³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁª Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ãáõÝ»Ý áãë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ áã ¿É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù:

²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ` áñå»ë Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³ÝÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñ,ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ áõÝ»Ý áñáß³ÏÇ ¹»ñ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇ Ù»çÁÝ¹·ñÏí»óÇÝ 47 ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ, 871 ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ¨ ºñ¨³Ý ù³Õ³ùÇ 12Ã³Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñ: Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý 11 Ù³ñ½»ñÁ, Áëïûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý, å»ïù ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ³óí³Í ÇßË³ÝáõÃÛ³Ýå»ï³Ï³Ý ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ³éáõÛÃÝ»ñ` ãáõÝ»Ý³Éáí ÏáÝÏñ»ïýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÉÍ³ÏÝ»ñ ̈ µÛáõç»: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½ÇÙ»ç ÁÝ¹·ñÏí»óÇÝ Ý³ËÏÇÝ 5 ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ` Çñ»Ýó 5 ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝÏ»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñáí (ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñáí) ¨ 87 ·ÛáõÕ»ñáí, 278.6 Ñ³½³ñ µÝ³Ïãáí:Ø³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝ ÁÝïñí»ó ¶³í³é ù³Õ³ùÁ: Ø³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÇÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÝ »Ý.

Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·»É Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ³¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:

Æñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝå³ëï»É ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ï³Û³óÙ³ÝÝ áõ Ñ»ï³·³½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ:

²Ýó³Í ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÷áñÓÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ, ¹ñ³Ï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ÙÇ³ëÇÝ,Í³·»óÇÝ µ³½áõÙ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ, áñáÝù å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýó ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ:¸ñ³ÝóÇó Ýß»Ýù Ý³Ë ³ÛÝ, áñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ñ ³é³í»É ×ß·ñÇï Ñ³ßíÇ³éÝ»É Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý é»ÉÇ»ý³ÛÇÝ µ³ñ¹ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ, ÷áùñï³ñ³ÍùÇ íñ³ ÏÉÇÙ³Û³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ,ïñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ Ó¨³íáñí³Í Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ:Ð»ï¨³ÝùÁ »Õ³í ³ÛÝ, áñ Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇó ¿³å»ë ï³ñµ»ñíáÕµÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÁ ÙÇ³íáñí»óÇÝ ÝáõÛÝ Ù³ñ½Ç Ù»ç, áñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ËÇëï¹Åí³ñ³ó³Ý ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ áõ ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ï³éáõóíáÕ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñÇ áõ

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µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ: ²ëí³ÍÁ ÉÇáíÇÝí»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ Ý³¨ ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½ÇÝ, »ñµ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝ¶³í³é Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ³ÝóÝ»É µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ »ñÏ³ñ³Ýµ³ñ»Ï³ñ· ×³Ý³å³ñÑ` ÙÇ ÷áùñ Ñ³ñó ÉáõÍ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñª Ï³ï³ñ»ÉáíÙ»Í Í³Ëë»ñ: àõëïÇ, Ññ³Ù³Û³Ï³Ý ¿ ³ÛÅÙ í»ñ³Ý³Û»É Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ýï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý (Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ²ÛëÑ³ñóÁ ùÝÝ³ñÏí»É ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ ³ïÛ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ·Çï³Ï³ÝÝëï³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ù³ëÝ³·»ï ·ÇïÝ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, ¨Ï³ï³ñí»É »Ý áõß³·ñ³í ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ¸ñ³Ýù Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ËÙµ³íáñ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå: ØÇ Ù³ëÁ ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ·Ý³ÉÑ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ÷áùñ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí` Ñ³ßíÇ³éÝ»Éáí Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ÝáõÛÝ³ïÇå µÝ³Ï³Ýå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ïñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²é³ç³ñÏíáõÙ¿, ûñÇÝ³Ï, Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÁ µ³Å³Ý»É 18 Ù³ñ½»ñÇ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý¿, áñ ³Ûë ù³ÛÉáí ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ Ï³í»É³Ý³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ, µ³Ûó,ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, Ïµ³ñ»É³ííÇ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÙÁ,µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ûå»ñ³ïÇí ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙÁ:

Î³ Ý³¨ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ¸³ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ºíñáå³Ï³Ý Ê³ñïÇ³ÛÇ ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇÏÇñ³éáõÙÝ ¿: Ü³Ë, Ýß»Ýù, áñ ³ñ¨Ùï³»íñáå³Ï³Ý »ñÏñÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏÑ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ Ý³¨ ²ØÜ-Ý áõ Î³Ý³¹³Ý ßáõñç 200 ï³ñÇ ÇÝï»ÝëÇí Ï»ñåáí³ßË³ïáõÙ »Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ, ¹ñ³ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý,ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý, µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ,ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñÏ³ Ïáõï³Ïí³Í ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ, Ùß³Ïí»É ̈ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç »Ý ¹ñí»ÉÑ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ, Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñ áõ ÝáñÙ»ñ,áñáÝù ¿³Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý Ù»ñ ïÇåÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë³éáõÙáí ã³÷³½³Ýó Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ êïñ³ëµáõñ·áõÙ ÁÝ¹áõÝí³Í §î»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ºíñáå³Ï³Ý Ê³ñïÇ³¦ ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ, áñáõÙïñí³Í »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ,Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÁ, ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³½³ïáõÙÝ»ñÇå³Ñå³ÝáõÙÁ, ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ,·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ, ÙÇ³íáñ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ,Çñ³í³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý,í³ñã³Ï³Ý ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ̈ ³ÛÉ Ï³ñ¨áñÑ³ñó»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ: Ø»ñ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³éÝãíáõÙ ¿ ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇÝ:àõëïÇ ëïáñ¨ ÏÝ»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ë³ñïÇ³ÛÇ §î»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ¦ Ù³ëÇÝÑá¹í³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³éáï ß³ñ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ` å³Ñå³Ý»Éáí µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨

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Ýå³ï³Ï áõÝ»Ý³Éáí Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇÐ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íÇ×³ÏÇ Ñ»ï: ²ÛëåÇëÇ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ, Ù»ñÏ³ñÍÇùáí, ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ïï³ áõÝ»Ý³É »É³Ï»ïÑ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ï³ï³ñ»ÉÇë:

Àëï Ýßí³Í ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃ»ñÇ` î»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý

³½·³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, ïÝûñÇÝ»Éáõµ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝù Ýñ³Ýù³½³ïáñ»Ý Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ·áñÍ³éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³ÝÁ:

î»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ÉÇÝ»Ý ê³ÑÙ³Ý³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ï³Ù ûñ»Ýùáíïñí³Í Çñ»Ýó ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ:

î»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ³éÝí³½Ý ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ å»ïù ¿ ·áÛ³Ý³ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ»ñÇÑ³í³ù³·ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ, áñáÝó ã³÷»ñÁ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûñ»ÝùÇßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ:

²ÛÝ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, áñáÝó íñ³ Ñ»ÝíáõÙ »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ, å»ïù ¿ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³½Ù³½³Ý ¨ ×ÏáõÝ ÉÇÝ»Ý,áñå»ë½Ç, áñù³Ýáí ¹³ Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿, Ñ»ï¨»Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù Í³·áõÙ »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÇñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÉÇë:

üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³éáõÙáí ³é³í»É ÃáõÛÉ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙ Ï³Ù Ñ³í³ë³ñ³½áñÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñ, áñáÝù áõÕÕí³Í »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ åáï»ÝóÇ³ÉýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷ µ³ßËÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨Ýñ³Ýó áõÝ»ó³Í Í³Ëë»ñÇ ×ß·ñïÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ Ï³ÙÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÁ ãå»ïù ¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï»Ý ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ` Çñ»ÝóÇñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ:

ì»ñ³µ³ßËíáÕ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ Ñ³ïÏ³óÝ»Éáõ Ï³ñ·Á ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿å³ïß³× Ï»ñåáí Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ»óÝ»É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

î»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ ïñíáÕ ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñÁÑÝ³ñ³íáñÇÝ ã³÷áí ãå»ïù ¿ Ý³Ë³ï»ëí»Ý áñáß³ÏÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: êáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñ ÁÝÓ»éÝ»ÉÁ ãå»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝÇ Ç íÝ³ëï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ:

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Î³åÇï³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Í³Ëë»ñÁ ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ å»ïù ¿, Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ÉÇÝÇí³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ Ï³åÇï³ÉÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý` ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»Éáí:

Ø»ñ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ³Ûëûñ ³é³çÝ³ÛÇÝ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇËáßáñ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Û»ó³Ï³ñ·Ç Ùß³ÏáõÙÝ áõ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ: Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇÐ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõÝÇ 930 Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù: Æ ¹»å, ºíñáå³ÛáõÙÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ëáßáñ³óÙ³Ý ÙÇïáõÙÝ»ñ ÝÏ³ïíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ¹»é¨ë XX ¹³ñÇ60-³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇó: ¶»ñÙ³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ 1965-1975 Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇµ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍáõÙ ³ñ¨Ùï³·»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý µáÉáñÑáÕ»ñáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÝå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ñ Ù»Í ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³×áÕ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ýå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³í»ÉÇ É³ÛÝ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÁÝÓ»é»ÉÁ¨ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÙÝáõÅ»Õ³óÝ»ÉÁ: ²Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍáõÙ ³ñ¨Ùï³·»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³ÝÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ 24.000-Çó Ýí³½»óÇÝ ÙÇÝã¨ 8.500-Ç: ²Ù»Ý³³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ýµ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ ³Ûë ³éáõÙáí Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»óÇÝ ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ Ðé»Ýáë-ì»ëïý³ÉÇ³ »ñÏñ³Ù³ëáõÙ, áñï»Õ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ Ýí³½»ó 1/6-áí:17 ÙÇÉÇáÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ³Ûë »ñÏñ³Ù³ëáõÙ ³åñáõÙ »Ý ÁÝ¹³Ù»ÝÁ396 Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ (ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí Ù»Ï Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùáõÙ µÝ³ÏíáõÙ ¿ 43.000Ù³ñ¹):

Þí»¹Ç³ÛáõÙ 1951 Ã. ëÏë³Í ÙÇÝã¨ 1999 Ã. Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ 2498-Çó Ïñ×³ïí»É ¿ ÙÇÝã¨ 289-Ç` 1952 Ã. Ï³½Ù»Éáí 1037, 1971-ÇÝ` 464Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù: Þí»¹³Ï³Ý ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ áõÝÇ 3.000, ÇëÏ³Ù»Ý³Ù»ÍÁ` êïáÏÑáÉÙÁ` 700.000 µÝ³ÏÇã36:

¾ëïáÝÇ³ÛáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ 1890Ã.-ÇÝ 1000-Çó Ýí³½»ó 387-Ç,ÇëÏ 1938-39 ÃÃ. ¹³ñÓ³í ÁÝ¹³Ù»ÝÁ 28137:

ØÛáõë »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÷áñÓÁ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñ»Éáõó Ñ»ïá Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ åÝ¹»É, áñÐ³Û³ëï³ÝÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ 930 Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ, áãÝå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ í³ñã³ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ µ³Å³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨³Ýù ¿ :ÊáñÑñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³×³Ë ¿ ùÝÝ³ñÏíáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇËáßáñ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóÁ, áñÁ, Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ï»ë³Ï³Ý ¨·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ: ÀÝ¹ áñáõÙ, ³Û¹áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý »ÝÃ³Ï³ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ »ÉÝ»É Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ßË³ñÑ³ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý¹ÇñùÇó, ëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÇó, é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨, áñ

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åñáý»ëáñ Úáõ. Ø. êáõí³ñÛ³ÝÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ËÙµ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ: º., ä» ï³ Ï³Ý Í³ é³ ÛáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ññ³ ï³ -ñ³Ï ãáõÃ ÛáõÝ, 2005, ¿ç 107; Соловьев А.И., Политическая теория, политические теxнологии: Учеб-ник для студентов вузов – М.: Аспект Пресс, 2001, ст. 74 :

³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñ¨áñÝ ¿, »ÝÃ³¹ñí»ÉÇù í³ñã³ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÇµÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ãí³ù³Ý³ÏÇó ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÑ»é³ÝÏ³ñÝ»ñÇó:

î»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ßË³ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáõÙ »ÝÑ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÁÝ¹É³ÛÝÙ³Ý ¨ Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÙ³Ý, å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý áõ ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÷áËÑ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇµ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÁ:

ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÷áËÑ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝÝß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñ Ñ³ïÏ³óÝ»ÉáõËÝ¹ÇñÁ: ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³éç¨ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ñó»ñÇó ¿`å³ñ½»É Çñ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÝ ³Ûë áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É ¹ñ³ÝóïÇå»ñÁ, Ñ³ïÏ³óÝ»Éáõ ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ: ¸ñ³ÝÇóÏ³Ëí³Í ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ¨µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïÍ³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïáõóáõÙÁ:

î³ñµ»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñ ï³ñµ»ñ Ó¨áí »Ý ÉáõÍ»É ̈ ÉáõÍáõÙ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇÑ»ï Ï³åí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁª »ÉÝ»Éáí å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇó,ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ ïñí³ÍÇñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÇÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó:

²ñ¨ÙáõïùÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³ÝÙ»ç å»ï³Ï³Ý ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñÝ áõ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇ ï»Õ»Ý ·ñ³íáõÙ: Æï³ÉÇ³ÛáõÙ, Ç Ñ³ßÇí å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çí»ñ³µ³ßËÙ³Ý, Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ ëï³ÝáõÙ »Ý µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇÝã¨ 80 %, ´»É·Ç³ÛáõÙ ¨ Ø»Í ´ñÇï³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙå»ï³Ï³Ý ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñÇÝ µ³ÅÇÝ ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 50, ¶»ñÙ³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ, ¸³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ ¨Ö³åáÝÇ³ÛáõÙª 40-45, üñ³ÝëÇ³ÛáõÙ 30, ²ØÜ-áõÙª 25%38:

²ñ¨ÙáõïùÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³ÝËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí, Ó·ïáõÙ »Ý å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ëï³Ý³ÉëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñ` ³é³í»É³å»ë ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ï»ëùáí, áñáÝù, ¹ñ³Ýó û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó,ùÇã ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ »Ý å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ: ÜÙ³Ý ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñÁ

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36 Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ ³Ûëûñ, Ù³ëÝ³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý í×éáñáß ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÝáõ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ (ë»ÙÇÝ³ñÇ ÝÛáõÃ»ñ), ºñ¨³Ý, 2003, ¿ç 48:

ïñíáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ å³Ï³ëáõñ¹ÁÍ³ÍÏ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ßË³ñÑÇ ß³ï »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçµÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝÑ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ ¹ñí³Í ¿ »Ý Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÁ,áñáÝù Ñ³ßí³ñÏíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ »Õ³Ý³Ïáí `

Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇ÷áñÓ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ùµ,

Áëï ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ` Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝí³½³·áõÛÝ Í³í³ÉÇ Í³Ëë»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÙ³Ùµ:

ºñÏñáñ¹ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ É³ÛÝ ÏÇñ³éáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï³ó»É ²íëïñ³ÉÇ³ÛáõÙ`Ýå³ëï»Éáí ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½»óÙ³ÝÁ: ²íëïñ³ÉÇ³ÛáõÙÍ³Ëë³ÛÇÝ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í »Ý Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ 11áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Íáí, áñáÝó ÑÇÙùáõÙ ¹ñí³Í ¿ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ³ÙµáÕçËáõÙµ`, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë

ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÇ ·Íáí Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÙ³Ý·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÃÇíÁ, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ë»é³ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝÏ³½ÙÁ, ÙÇ·ñ³óÇ³Ý, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ýå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, áõëÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ, ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ·Ý»ñÁ, áõñµ³ÝÇ½³óÇ³ÛÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ;

µ³ñ»Ï³ñ·áõÙÁ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ, áñáÝó ·Íáí Ýí³½³·áõÛÝÍ³Ëë»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ·Ý»ñÁ, ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ̈ µ³ñ»Ï³ñ·Ù³ÝÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ,Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ ¨ Ñ³Ý·ÇëïÁ, áñáÝó ·Íáí Ýí³½³·áõÛÝÍ³Ëë»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý ÙÇ·ñ³óÇ³Ý, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ýóñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ëñµ³í³Ûñ»ñÇ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ,µÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:

Î³Ý³¹³ÛáõÙ Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³ñÏÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå. ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý áõ ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáíïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ ïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÁ Ñ³ßí³ñÏíáõÙ »Ý ïíÛ³ÉÍ³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Íáí 1 ßÝãÇ Ñ³ßíáí Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³:

Ø»Í ´ñÇï³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÇÑ³ßí³ñÏÙ³Ý é»·ñ»ëÇáÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á, áñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³ÙµáñáßíáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÇ íñ³ ³½¹áÕ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ é»·ñ»ëÇ³ÛÇ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý áñå»ëÏßÇéÝ»ñ:

¸³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÁ Ñ³í³ë³ñ»óíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏñÇ

69


Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³ßí³ñÏí³Í ÝÙ³Ý³ïÇå Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇÝ:¸ñ³Ýó Ñ³ßí³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñ,áñáÝó ÏßÇéÝ»ñÝ ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³×³Ë áñáßíáõÙ »Ý é»·ñ»ëÇáÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³ÝÙÇçáóáí:

Þí»¹Ç³ÛáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÑ³ßí³ñÏÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÙ³ïáõóÙ³Ý ³ñÅ»ù³ÛÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñï³óáÉáÕ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñ:úñÇÝ³Ï` áñ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùáõÙ ß³ï »Ý Í»ñ»ñÁ, ³Ûëï»Õ Ù»Í ÏÉÇÝÇ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÁ, ÇëÏ áñï»Õ ß³ï»Ý ¹åñáó³Ñ³ë³Ï »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ, ³Ûëï»Õ Ù»Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ:

äáñïáõ·³ÉÇ³ÛáõÙ Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý ÙÇ³ÙµáÕç ß³ñù ³ñÅ»ù³ÛÇÝ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³` ïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÇ45%-Á Ñ³ïÏ³óíáõÙ ¿ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÃíÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí, 15% -Á Ñ³í³ë³ñ³å»ëµ³Å³ÝíáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨,15% -Á Ñ³ïÏ³óíáõÙ ¿Áëï Ù³Ï»ñ»ëÇ, 5 % -Á` Áëï »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ÃíÇ, ÇëÏ 5% -Á` Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ÃáõÛÉµ³½³ áõÝ»óáÕ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ²ñ¨ÙáõïùÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ ÏñáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ µÝáõÛÃ ¨ áõÕÕí³Í ¿ ÇÝãå»ëÑ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ ·Íáí Í³Ëë»ñÇ Í³ÍÏÙ³ÝÁª »ÉÝ»Éáí áñáß³ÏÇëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇó, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³ÝÁ.: ²é³ç³íáñ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ ïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÇïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ ¿ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝå³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, áñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ ¿Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí: ÜÙ³Ý³ïÇå Ùáï»óáõÙÁ Ýå³ëïáõÙ¿ Ñ³ïÏ³óíáÕ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³ÝÁ:

Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ýïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ïÏ³óáõÙÁ Ï³ï³ñíáõÙ ¿ áõÝÇï³ñ å»ïáõ-ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ïáõÏ Ó¨áíª ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ¨ ëáõµí»ÝóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ï»ëùáí: Ø»ñ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõ-ÃÛáõÝáõÙ ³Ûë áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³Ýó³Í ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ áñáß³ÏÇ ÷áñÓ ¿Ïáõï³Ïí»É ¨ Ï³ï³ñí»É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³ÝÏ³ñ·³íáñáõÙ: àõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë, áñÑ³ïÏ³å»ë Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó Ñ³ïÏ³óíáÕ ¹áï³-óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ã³÷Ç Ñ³ñóÁ, áñÁ å³ñï³¹Çñ ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÏ³ï³ñÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛ³Ýßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ ³Ù»Ý ï³ñÇ ³Ûë Ï³Ù ³ÛÝ Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½Ùáíµ³ßËí»Éáõ ¿ ¹ñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨:

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²ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ³Ûëï»Õ å»ïù ¿ ï³ñí»Ý å³ñï³¹ÇñÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇ /ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇ/ ¨¹ñ³Ýó ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÙ³ÝáõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³é³Ýó áñÇ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³½Çí Ã» Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ùÇã Ã» ß³ï ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ¹áï³óÇáÝù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É :

Ð³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ 1997Ã. ïñí»óÇÝ Ïñ×³ïáõÙÝ»ñáí ¨ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ï³ñí³ í»ñçÇÝ: ÆëÏ 1998Ã., »ÉÝ»Éáí §´Ûáõç»ï³ÛÇÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÇÝ¦ ÐÐ ûñ»ÝùÇ 20-ñ¹ Ñá¹í³ÍÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇó,÷áËí»óÇÝ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ïÏ³óÙ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ µ³ßËÙ³ÝÏ³ñ·Á: Àëï ¹ñ³` ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ïÏ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÑÇÙù ÁÝ¹áõÝí»ó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ å³Ï³ëáõñ¹ÁÑ³Ù³Ù³ëÝáñ»Ý Í³ÍÏ»Éáõ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ³é³ÝÓÇÝÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ·áõÛù³Ñ³ñÏÇ ¨ ÑáÕÇÑ³ñÏÇ ·Íáí Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñáõÅÇ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃáõÙÁ:

ÐÐ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ µ³ßËÙ³Ý 1998Ã. Ï³ñ·ÁÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ³éÙ³Ùµ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É áñå»ë ³é³çÁÝÃ³ó ù³ÛÉÝ³Ëáñ¹ ï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï: ²ÛÝ, ûñ·³Ý³å»ë Ï³åí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉáíÝ³Ëáñ¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ, Ñ³Ý¹Çë³ÝáõÙ ¿ñ ¹ñ³ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ:ä³Ñå³Ý»Éáí µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÇÝ ûñ»ÝùáõÙ³Ùñ³·ñí³Í` å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ñï³¹ÇñÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ñï³¹Çñ ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ù»çÏ³ï³ñÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ` ³ÛÝ Ñ³ñëï³ó»É ¿ Ï³ñ¨áñÙÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ Ï»Ýë³·áñÍÙ³Ùµª Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹³ßÝ³Ï½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃÙ³ÝÙÇçáóáí: ÀÝ¹ áñáõÙ, û·ï³Ï³ñÁ ³Ûëï»Õ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇµ³ßËÙ³Ý Ýßí³Í Ù»Ë³ÙÇ½ÙÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ñ ÇÝãå»ë å³Ï³ëáõñ¹ÇÍ³ÍÏÙ³Ý ¹áï³óÇ³ ëï³óáÕ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ³ÛÝ ãëï³óáÕ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÑ³Ù³ñ: ²ÛëÇÝùÝ, Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùáí å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³ÍÉñ³óáõóÇã »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ áõÕÕáñ¹áõÙÁ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç» Ï³ñáÕ ¿ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³É ³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ Ù»Ï ßÝãÇ Ñ³ßíáí ¹ñ³Ýó Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ó³Íñ ¿ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó:

¶»ñÙ³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ, áñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÁ ÝÙ³Ý¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙá¹»ÉÇÝ, Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñ ëï³ÝáõÙ »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÏ³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÝÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇó, ëáõµëÇ¹Ç³Ý»ñÁ Ñ³Ý¹»ë »Ý ·³ÉÇëÑ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ Ùáõïù»ñÇ ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áËÑ³ïáõóáÕÇ ¹»ñáõÙ:

ÐÐ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý

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Ï³ñ·Á ¿³å»ë ÷áËí»ó 1999Ã.: Ð³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ¹áï³óÇ³ÛÇÑ³ïÏ³óáõÙÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»ó §üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³ÝÙ³ëÇÝ¦ ÐÐ ûñ»Ýùáí: Àëï ûñ»ÝùÇ ¹áï³óÇ³ÛÇ ã³÷Á áñáßíáõÙ ¿ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý íÇ×³ÏÁ µÝáõÃ³·ñáÕ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñáí: ¸ñ³Ýù »Ýª

³/ Ð³Ù³ÛÝùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ÑáÕÇ Ñ³ñÏÇ ¨·áõÛù³Ñ³ñÏÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ: ²Ûë ·áñÍáÝáí ¹áï³óÇ³ ¿ Ñ³ïÏ³óíáõÙÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝó µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕÑáÕÇ Ñ³ñÏÇ ¨ ·áõÛù³Ñ³ñÏÇ ·Íáí »Ï³ÙïÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ó³Íñ ¿Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó:

µ/ Ð³Ù³ÛÝùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ãí³ù³Ý³ÏÁ: ²Ûë ·áñÍáÝáí ¹áï³óÇ³¿ Ñ³ïÏ³óíáõÙ µáÉáñ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝª ïíÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÃÇíÁ µ³½Ù³å³ïÏ»Éáí Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³ÛÇ Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ:

·/ ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇÝ ³é³çÝ³ÛÇÝ ûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝóáõó³µ»ñ»Éáõ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Üßí³Í ·áñÍáÝáí Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í¹áï³óÇ³ÛÇ ·áõÙ³ñÁ µ³ßËíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý³Í ó³ÝÏáí:

´³ßËÙ³Ý ÁÝ¹áõÝí³Í Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÁ Ñ³ßíÇ ãÇ ³éÝáõÙ ³ÛÝÑ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, áñ Ù»Ï µÝ³ÏãÇ Ñ³ßíáí ËÙ»Éáõ çñÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÙÁ,áñå»ë Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ å³ñï³¹Çñ ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ, ï³ñµ»ñÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ Í³Ëë»ñ: Üßí³Í ¨ ³ÛÉËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ ëïÇåí³Í »Ý ÉÇÝáõÙ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ áã ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñÇ: ²Ûëå»ë, ß³ï ·ÛáõÕ»ñáõÙ Ñ³ñóÁÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï»Õ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñëï»ÕÍ»Éáí, ÇëÏ ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñáõÙ çñ³ÛÇÝ ó³ÝóÇ ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨¹ñ³ ù³Ûù³Ûí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ çñ³å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨çñû·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý Ù»Í·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñ: ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ³Ûë Ñ³ñóáõÙ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿, Ã» åÉ³Ý³ÛÇÝÅ³ÙÏ»ïáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ ïíÛ³É ËÝ¹ñÇ ·Íáí å³ñï³¹Çñ ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÇÝã Ùá¹»É »Ý ÁÝïñ»É, ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáù å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ç íÇ×³ÏÇÏÉÇÝÇ ûÅ³Ý¹³Ï»É ïíÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇÝ:

ì»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ Í³ÍÏ»É ïíÛ³É ï³ñí³å³ñï³¹Çñ ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ×»Õùí³ÍùÁ, ÙÇÝã¹»é ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ýûñ»Ýùáí Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ ¹ñíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ³í³·³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ñ³ëï³ïí³Í Ý³Ëáñ¹ µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ï³ñí³Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ: ¸³ ¨ë ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÇ íÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿,áñ å³ñ½áõÝ³Ï Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÇ ÙÇçáóáí ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ ³éÏ³ ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñÇÙÇçÇÝ³óí³Í µ³ßËáõÙ, ³ÛÉ áã Ã» ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ýå³ï³Ï³áõÕÕí³Í

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Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, §ÐÐ ´Ûáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÙ³ëÇÝ¦ ÐÐ ûñ»Ýùáí å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»áõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ·áõÙ³ñÁ Ñ³ßí³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ñ` ÑÇÙù ÁÝ¹áõÝ»Éáí Ý³Ëáñ¹ï³ñáõÙ »Ï³Ùï³Ñ³ñÏÇ, ÑáÕÇ Ñ³ñÏÇ ¨ ·áõÛù³Ñ³ñÏÇ ÷³ëï³óÇÙáõïù»ñÇ áã å³Ï³ë, ù³Ý 25%-Á: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ å³ñ½»É, Ã» ³ñ¹Ûáù³Û¹ ·áõÙ³ñÁ Ïµ³í³ñ³ñÇ å³ñï³¹Çñ ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÇñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ÜáõÛÝ ûñ»Ýùáí Ý³Ë³ï»ëíáõÙ ¿ Ý³¨, áñå»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³ÝëÏ½µáõÝùáí ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÑ³ßíÇ »Ý ³éÝíáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÏáÕÙÇó ûñ»Ýùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í Ï³ñ·áí ïñí³Í Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãÁ Çñ ³ñï³óáÉáõÙÁ ãÇ ·ï»É ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ûñ»ÝùáõÙ: ä»ïù ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ³Ûë Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÁ ³Ýï³ñµ»ñ ¿ µáÉáñ ³ÛÝýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñáëù»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ, áñáÝù å»ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñáí³éÝãíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å³ñï³¹ÇñÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕ Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÇÃ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¿, áñ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É ³ÛÝ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù Ï³åí³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ å³ñï³¹ÇñÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï:

üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ûñ»ÝùÇ ·áñÍ³¹ñÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÁÏ³ñÇù áõÝÇ ¿³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»É³íáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÇÝãå»ë µáõÝ Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³ÝÇÙ³ëï³íáñÙ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ïÏ³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÇÏ³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óáõÙÁÙÇ³ÛÝ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ý»Õ³óÝáõÙ ¿ µáõÝÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ:

Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ í»ñ³Ý³Û»É §üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³ÝÙ³ëÇÝ¦ ÐÐ ûñ»ÝùÁ` ¹ñ³ÝáõÙ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ëáõµí»ÝóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ï»ëùáí å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÇÑ³ïÏ³óÙ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñ³é»Éáõ ³éáõÙáí: ÜÙ³ÝÓ¨áí í»ñ³Ï³éáõóí³Í ûñ»ÝùÁ ÏÝ»ñ³éÇ ̈ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý, ̈ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ` Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³Í»ÉáíÑ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý:

²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ ïíÛ³É å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ áõÕÕ»É Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ñ»ï ÙÝ³óáÕ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ`¹ñ³ÝóáõÙ Ï»Ýë³å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»É³íáõÙÁ

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Çñ³·áñÍ»Éáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáíªÐ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ñï³¹Çñ ÉÇ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ

áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ ³éÏ³ ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ (çñ³å³ÑáíáõÙ, çñ³Ñ»é³óáõÙ,ç»éáõóáõÙ, ×³Ý³å³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó, ·³½ÇýÇÏ³óáõÙ, µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ïÏ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ(ëáõµí»ÝóÇ³Ý»ñÇ) ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙ:

²ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù áõÝ»Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ó³ÍñÏ»Ýë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï ³é³çÝ³ÛÇÝ ûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÇù ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»ÉÉñ³óáõóÇã ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñ, áñÁ Ï³å³ÑáíÇ Ýñ³ Ï³ÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ:

Ð³ñÏ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝÉñ³óáõóÇã ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñáõÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ÛÝ¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ ¹ñ³ Ñ»ï Ï³åí³Í Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõÝ»Ý³ÝÇñ³í³Ï³Ý áõÅ ¨ ³Ùñ³·ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý³ÏïáõÙ: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ó³Íñ Ï»Ýë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï,³é³çÝ³ÛÇÝ ûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëáõµí»ÝóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»óáÕÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Éñ³óáõóÇã ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ ³ñï³óáÉáõÙÁëï³Ý³ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ï³ñí³ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ç Ý³Ë³·ÍáõÙ: ÀÝ¹áñáõÙ, ³Û¹åÇëÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý³Ý ÁÝ¹·Íí³ÍÑ³ëó»³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ µ³ßËí»Ý Áëï Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ,³Ýßáõßï, Ñ»ï³åÝ¹áõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³Ùñ³åÝ¹Ù³ÝÝå³ï³Ï, áñÝ ¿É, Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÷áËÑ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ½³ñ·³óí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÇó: Üßí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ»ïÏ³åí³Í Ñ³ñó»ñÁ Ï¹Çï³ñÏí»Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³çáñ¹ µ³ÅÝáõÙ:

²ÛÅÙ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¨ ³é³çÇÝ åÉ³Ý »Ý ÙÕíáõÙ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³ÝËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ: ¸ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹³ñÓ»É ¿ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ÕÏ³óáõóÇãÙ³ëÁ, áñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ ¿ ýÇÝ³Ýë³-µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝÑ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ ¨ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ:²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿, áñå»ë½Ç Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ·³ÝÓí³Í »Ï³Ùï³Ñ³ñÏÇ ¨ ß³ÑáõÃ³Ñ³ñÏÇ áñáß³ÏÇ Ù³ëÁ ïñ³Ù³¹ñíÇï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÙ³Ý µÛáõç»ÇÝ: Ð³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ, áñå»ëÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ, Í³í³ÉÁ ¹»é¨ë÷áùñ ¿ ̈ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ·áñÍ»É áñå»ë ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÇù:

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²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1. Ð³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ Í³Ëë»ñÁ39

î³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ»Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÁ, Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ »ÝÃ³Ï³ Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ, å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ç ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ,ïñ³Ýëý»ñïÝ»ñÁ, ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:

ä»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»áí Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁÏ³½Ù»É »Ý 2000Ã. 7.6420 ÙÉÝ ¹ñ³Ù, 2004Ã. 10.696,0 ÙÉÝ ¹ñ³Ù, ÇëÏ÷³ëï³óÇ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ï³½Ù»É »Ýª 11.571,7 ¨10695.0 ÙÉÝ ¹ñ³Ù: 2010 Ãí³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇÝýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùáí Ñ³ïÏ³óí»É ¿ é»Ïáñ¹³ÛÇÝ`32,421,8 ÙÉÝ ¹ñ³Ù40: ä»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïñíáÕ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ Ï³ï³ñí»É »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí: Ø»ñ Ï³ñÍÇùáí,¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ïñí»Ý ³ÛÉ »É³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ ëÏ½µáõÝùáí,³ñï³óáÉí»Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ Éñ³óáõóÇã ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ïÏ³óí»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù Ñ³ñÏáõÝ³Ï ã»Ý ¨ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝª »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñÙ³Ý Ï³ñá-ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:

75


37 ÜáõÛÝ ï»ÕáõÙ38 Игнатов В., Бутов В. “Зарубежный опыт местного самоуправления и российская

¸³íÇÃ Ø³ÝáõÏÛ³Ý

Ð³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ¨ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ»é³ÝÏ³ñÝ»ñÁ ÐÐ-áõÙ

ÐÐ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃ ËÝ¹Çñ ¿Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ³Û¹ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ,áñáÝù Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ýå³ëï»É ÁÝïñ»Éáõ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³íáñÙ³ÝÁ41: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ÐØ¼²Ð-Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ï³ñ·³íáñ»É.

ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³ÝÙÇçï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ µ³ßËáõÙÁ, ¹ñ³Ýó Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ ¨³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ.

ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ¨ å»ï³Ï³Ý ß³Ñ»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóáõÙÁ ¨ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ.

ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝáõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.

ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙ»ñÇ Ù³ëÝ³·Çï³óÙ³Ý ¨ ÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³ÝÝ³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÝ áõ ¹ñ³Ýó Ý»ñáõÅÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ,

ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÇÝ¹»ùëÝ»ñÁ:

Ð»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûïí»ó, áñ ÐØ¼²Ð-ÝÑ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³É ³Û¹åÇëÇ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ,áñáí å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³í³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñáõÙÁå³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ¹ñ³Ýó ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý³ñï³¹ñ³ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáÕ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÇ ¨³é³ç³ñÏÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó ïÝï»ë³Ï³ÝÏ³å»ñÇ Ý»ñáõÅÁ ¨ ¹ñ³ ûåïÇÙ³É û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ: ÐÐ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³É Ý³¨ ¹ñ³Ýóï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³ÝÏ³½ÙáõÙ ¨ áñáß»É Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÏ³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¾ ¹ñ³Ýó é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÁ Çñ»Ýó í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñáõÙ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ³Û¹ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ ËÇëï ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ »ÝÇÝãå»ë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ýáÝ¹»ñÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¾É ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³Ýí³Ý³ó³ÝÏÇ

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практика”, Ростов н/ Дону, 1999, c. 5839 ÐÐ ü¿ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ:

í»ñ³Ï³½Ù³Ý ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë³éáõÙáí ÐØ¼²Ð-Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÁ ¨ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ »Ý »ñ³ßË³íáñ»É¹ñ³Ýó Ñ³Ù³ñ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ,áñáÝó ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¾ ÉáõÍ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÑÇÝ· ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ:²é³çÇÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¾ ÃáõÛÉ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³ÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³ÝÏ³éáõóí³ÍùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝó Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ÐÜ²-Á 25%-áíó³Íñ ¾ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó: ºñÏñáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁí»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¾ ³ÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ,áñáÝù áõÝ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ̈ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÝí³½³·áõÛÝ ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñ: ºññáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¾ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ»ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ áñå»ëã³÷³ÝÇß Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¾ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ÷ÝïñáõÙÁª ÙÇÝã¨ 25 ï³ñÇÑ³ë³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³½ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: âáññáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¾ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇÙÇç¨ 25 ï³ñ»Ï³ÝÇ Ñ³ë³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³½ÙÇ ½µ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙÁ:ÐÇÝ·»ñáñ¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¾ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ é»ýáñÙÇ ³ÝóÏ³óÙ³Ý Ù»ç, ÁÝ¹áñáõÙ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¾ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ùá¹»ñÝ³óáõÙÁ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³ÝÑ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý ËÃ³ÝáõÙÁ:

î³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ »ÝÑ»ï¨Û³É ËÙµ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ: ²é³çÇÝËÙµÇ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇó ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝÁ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³ÙÝ ¿: ºñÏñáñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ »ÝýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñ³ÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁÏ³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ºññáñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ`í³ñÏ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ûÅ³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁÏ³Ëí³Í ¿ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³·ÍÇ »Ï³Ùï³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó:âáññáñ¹ ËÙµáõÙ` Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ: î³ñ³ÍùÇýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýßí³Í ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿¹ñ³ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: î³ñ³ÍùÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ µ»ñí³Í ³ÕÛáõë³ÏÇïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ³é³çÇÝ »ñ»ù áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ µ³ÅÇÝÁ Ï³½ÙáõÙ ¿ 58%, áñÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙÁ Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¿áñå»ë ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý áõÕÇ:

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Î³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¿Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ¨ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ²ÛÅÙ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³ÝÑ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ, áñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³é³ÝÓÇÝÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝçáñÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿.

Ë³éÁ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÝ áõ

78


Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ áõÅ»Õ³óáõÙÁ.ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ µ³ßËÙ³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÙÁ ¿ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ µ³½Çë³ÛÇÝ

Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨.ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñÍ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ó¨»ñÇ

ÏáÝÏñ»ï³óáõÙÁ.ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ é³óÇáÝ³É µ³ßËáõÙÁ å»ï³Ï³Ý ¨ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ

Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓÁ óáõÛó ¾ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷

½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¾ ï³ñµ»ñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñáí, ³Ûëï»ÕÇó ¾É³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ¾ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝªï³ñ³ÍùÇ µ³½Çë³ÛÇÝ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨: Ð³Ù³ï»Õ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙµ³½Çë³ÛÇÝ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõÛóÇÝ ïñíáõÙ ¾ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ 58%-Á: ²ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³å³ÑáíÙ³ÝÁ ïñíáõÙ ¾ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ 20%:

î³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÏ³ñ¨áñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó »Ý Ý³¨ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ: Üß»Ýù, áñï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ýµ³½³Ý»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ ¾³Ï³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙÁÏÝå³ëïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¾ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É ï³ñ³ÍùÇ»Ï³Ùï³ÛÇÝ µ³½³, ÁÝ¹·ñÏ»Éáí ÇÝãå»ë ë»÷³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ,ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ»ñÁ, ï³ñÇýÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¾É å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛëåÇëáí, ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁå»ïù ¾ áõÝ»Ý³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³½³:42

î³ñ³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñáõÙÁå³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ µ³ßËáõÙÁÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨: ¸ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿.

ëï»ÕÍ»É ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·, áñÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»Éï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ³íáñáõÙÁ ̈ Ýå³ëï»É ÙÇ³ëÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñÇÝ»ñ¹ñÙ³ÝÁ,

Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÝ»É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ý»ñÁ ¨ å³Ñå³Ý»É ëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÙ ï³ñ³ÍËñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇÙÇç¨,

ëï»ÕÍ»É Çñ³í³ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·, áñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÑÇÙùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ ¹ñíÇ ³ñï³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ µ³ßËáõÙÝ áõû·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ:

79


40 “2010Ã. å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ç Ù³ëÇÝ” ÐÐ úñ»ÝùÁ, www.parliament.am

²ÛëåÇëáí ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ»É ï»Õ³Ï³ÝÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³½³ ¨Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»É Ñ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ºñÏñáñ¹,Ñëï³Ï»óÝ»É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ç»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ: ºññáñ¹, ³å³Ñáí»É³ñï³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ýáÝ¹»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ:

î³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý, Ï³ÙÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÑ»ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ å³ñ½í»ó, áñ ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï×³éÁ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇå³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ¹ñ³Ýó µ³ßËÙ³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ²Û¹ µ³ó»ñÇ í»ñ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ù³Ý³Ï³Ï³Ý, ³ÛÉ¨áñ³Ï³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí (û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ):

î³ñ³ÍùÇ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »Ý µÝ³Ï³Ýé»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ, ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ýáÝ¹»ñÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ,áñáÝù Ï³½ÙáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅÁ: Üß³Ý³ÏáõÙ¿ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñáí å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ó¨³íáñíáõÙ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝùÝ»ñ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ýíñ³: Ü»ñùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ í»ñÉáõÍ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù µÝáõÃ³·ñáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝÝ»ñáõÅÝ áõ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ßáõÏ³ÛÇÓ¨³íáñáõÙÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

î³ñ³ÍùÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ íñ³ Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³ÝáõñïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý, ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ: î³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ »ÝÃ³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ ÙÇß³ñù ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý, áñÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ ³ßË³ñÑ³·ñ³Ï³Ý,ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ, ÅáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý, ïñÝ³ëåáñï³ÛÇÝ ³ÛÉ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï å»ïù ¿ ÝÏ³ïÇáõÝ»Ý³É áã Ã» §Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óáõÙ¦, ³ÛÉ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³ÛÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý³ÛÝ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ, áñáÝù ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ »Ýï³ñ³ÍùÇ ëáóÇ³É-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É

80


·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ:î³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ

ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ ³ñÅ»ÃÕÃ»ñÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙÁ, áñÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇÉáõÍÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÷áË³ïí³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç (ÜöÐ)Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝå³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙÁ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³½³ï¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ, å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ,Å³ÙÏ»ïÝ»ñÁ, ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý ó³Íñ éÇëÏÁ, å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇï»Õ³µ³ßËÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý»ñÁ ¨ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³ÉÏ³éáõÛóÝ»ñÁ: Ð³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ßáõÏ³ÛÇ Ï³Û³óáõÙÁÏ³ñ¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇ ¹»ýÇóÇïÇýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñÙ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿ÉÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ-÷áË³ïí³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç (ÜöÐ) Ó¨³íáñÙ³ÝÝå³ï³Ïáí: ²Ûë Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ Ý»ñ³éíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ µáÉáñï»ë³ÏÇ ³ñÅ»ÃÕÃ»ñÁ, Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ²Ûëï»ÕÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ ÜöÐ-Ç ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÉÍ³Ï, áñÇ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½·³óíáõÙ ¿Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÙÉñ³óáõóÇã ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó:ÜöÐ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¿ »ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ¨µÇ½Ý»ë Ý³Ë³·Í»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ù»ç: ÐÐ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇÜöÐ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ó¨³íáñí»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñáí.

ÜöÐ-Ç ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ³ßË³ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ³í»É³óÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí,

ÜöÐ-Á Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ·áñÍ»É Éñ³óáõóÇã Ï³åÇï³ÉÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ¨û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ýå³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, Å³ÙÏ»ïÝ»ñÁ ¨ í»ñ³¹³ñÓ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, ÜöÐ-Ç Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý áõ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É Ý³Ë ³Û¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ñáëù»ñÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³ÝÙ»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÁ, ÃáÕ³ñÏíáÕÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:ºñÏñáñ¹Á, Ï³ñ·³íáñ»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïñíáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ ¨Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ë³·Í»ñÇ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÛÝÁ: ºññáñ¹Á, ³ëïÇ×³Ý³µ³ñ Ïñ×³ï»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

²Û¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ÜöÐ-Ç ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ¨·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë ³å³Ñáí»É ¹ñ³ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý

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ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ßï, Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½Ù ¨å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÙ: ºñÏñáñ¹Á, Ùß³Ï»É ³Û¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Û»ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÙÇç³í³Ûñ»ñÁ:ºññáñ¹Á, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ ÙÇ³íáñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇû·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý, ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý¨ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:

Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇÑ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»Õ³Ï³ÝµÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý áõ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇó,Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇó, ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó, ë»÷³Ï³Ý ¨³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇó, µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñáõÙÇó ¨ï³ñµ»ñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó: Ø³ñ½Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ áñáßíáõÙ ¿ ¹ñ³µÛáõç»Ç Í³í³Éáí, Í³Ëë³ÛÇÝ Ù³ëáí, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ÐÜ²-Ç Ï³½ÙáõÙ Çñï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ Ïßéáí: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ¿ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Ñ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÑ³ïÏ³óáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ Áëï Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáÕ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇ µÛáõç»ÇÓ¨³íáñáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ³Ùñ³·ñ»É Ý»ñùÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñáí, áñáÝù å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñí»Ý Ù³ñ½ÇýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÝ»ñáí, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»ÉáíýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÇï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ýå³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ áñå»ë Ï³ñ¨áñ Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³É å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»ÉÑ³Ýù³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ, ¹ñ³ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ¨û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÁ, Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇóëï³óíáÕ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ: Ø³ñ½»ñÇÑ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí å»ïù ¿ ÏÇñ³é»É ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù»Ù³ï³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÁ, áñÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³Ù³ã³÷½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³ïÏ³Ýßí»Ý¹ñ³ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ,ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ:

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Ø³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùáõÙ ÏÇñ³éíáÕëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ýù³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÏ³ÝË³ï»ëáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñÙ³ÝÁ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ,áñ µáÉáñ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ³å³Ñáí»Ý Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ¶ïÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ³Û¹ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ÑÇÙùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ ¹ñí»Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙÁ, ÇëÏÙ³ñ½»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³ÝË³ï»ëÙ³Ý ¨ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ÑÇÙùÁÝ¹áõÝ»É Ý³Ë ÐØ¼²Ð Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³ñÙ³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ, ¹ñáõÛùÇ ¨³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ºñÏñáñ¹,Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇÝ Ñ³ïÏ³óíáÕ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ºññáñ¹, Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ µÛáõç»Ý»ñÇóÏ³ï³ñíáÕ Í³Ëë»ñÇ ÝáñÙ³ïÇíÝ»ñÝ, Áëï ¹ñ³Ýó ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ Ï³Ù Ñ³Ù³ã³÷½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý: âáññáñ¹, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÇßïÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙù ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ:ÐÇÝ·»ñáñ¹, Ñ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »ÝÇÝãå»ë Ñ³ñÏÙ³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ, ¹ñáõÛù³ã³÷Ç, Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ³ñïáÝáõÃÛ³Ý,Ñ³ñÏÇ í»ñ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³ÝÁ,³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÙ »Ýù ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ý³¨ ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ýóáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí:

üÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇó »ÝýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ×·Ý³Å³Ù³ÛÇÝíÇ×³ÏÁ: Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ »Ýù ·ïÝáõÙ, áñ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³ÉÇÑ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ µ³ñÓñ ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ Ïßéáí, í×³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨Çñ³óí»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñáí: ÖÇßï ¿, ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³Ù³ñ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïñíáÕ ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁÏ³ï³ñí»É »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÑ³Ù³Ñ³ñÃ»óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ïñí»Ý³ÛÉ »É³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ ëÏ½µáõÝùáí, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ Éñ³óáõóÇã ¹áï³óÇ³Ý»ñÁ å»ïù¿ Ñ³ïÏ³óí»Ý ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù Ñ³ñÏáõÝ³Ï ã»Ý ¨ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ»Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝª »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñÙ³ÝÏ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ÙÇç¨: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáíÑ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É

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·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùµ ³å³ÑáíÇ Ñ³ñÏÙ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇß»ñï³íáñáõÙÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨, Ï³ñ·³íáñÇï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÐÜ²-ÇÑ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, ³é³ç³ñÏáõÙ »Ýù ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÙ³ÝÇñ³óí»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó.

Ý³Ë, å»ïù ¿ áñáß»É ýÇÝ³Ýë³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõ»ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝ³ÏïÇí Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ, áñÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ ËÃ³Ý»É µáÉáñï»ë³ÏÇ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ,

»ñÏñáñ¹Á Ñ³ñÏ³íáñ ¿ áñáß»É ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ í³×³éùÇó ëï³óíáÕ·áõÙ³ñÇ ã³÷Á, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí, áñ Çñ³í»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ëÏ³åí³Í ¿ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ í³×³éùÇ ¨ µáÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÇ í×³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÏ³ï³ñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²ÏïÇíÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ï³½ÙáõÙ Ù»Í »Ý ¹³Ý¹³Õ ¨¹Åí³ñ Çñ³óí»ÉÇ ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûëï»ÕÇó ¿É, ïÝï»ëí³ñáÕ ëáõµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ Çñ³óí»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ý¹»ë ¿ ·³ÉÇë áñå»ë ëÝ³ÝÏ³óÙ³Ýå³ï×³é, Ï³Ù Ñ³Ï³é³ÏÁª ëÝ³ÝÏ³óÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ïÝï»ëí³ñáÕëáõµÛ»ÏïÁ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ³å³Ñáí»É Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ¨ í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ í×³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨í×³ñ»É ³ßË³ï³í³ñÓÁ: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ.

³é³çÇÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÃáõÛÉ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³ÝÏ³éáõóí³ÍùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝó Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ÐÜ²-Á 25%-áíó³Íñ ¿ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó,

»ñÏñáñ¹Á í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³ÝÑ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝù áõÝ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñ,

»ññáñ¹Á í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ »ñÏ³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï·áñÍ³½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³ÝÁ,

ãáññáñ¹Á í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³íáñÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇÓ¨³íáñÙ³ÝÁ:43

Ø»ñ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝÙáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ å»ïù ¿ ¹ñíÇ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇû·³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙÝ»ñÙáõÍí³Í ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇó ëï³óí³ÍÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ:

²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ »Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ

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41 James E. Anderson: PUBLIC POLICY MAKING, Third Edition.Houghton Mifflin Company, Bos-

Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í »Ý ³½³ïßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³Ýçáí, áñÇµ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ë³Ã³ñíáõÙ ¿ ³½³ï Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨Ýí³½áõÙ ¿ ·áñÍ³ñ³ñ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÙ³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ: ²ÛÅÙ ÐÐ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇí»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ¨ ÉÇ³ñÅ»ù ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ»Ý ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ·áñÍáõÙ áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ÙµáÕç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÛÉ¨Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÏ»Ýë³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý íñ³: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí ¾É³ßË³ï³ÝùáõÙ Ã»Ù³ÛáõÙ, ÏÝ»ñÏ³Û³óí»Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ (Ø²Ò) í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý áõ ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³ÝÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¾.

·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ,³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ, µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ,

Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É Áëïï³ñµ»ñ ã³÷áñáßÇãÝ»ñÇ, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·Ù³ÝÏÇñ³é»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙÝ³íáñáÕ Ï³ñ¨áñ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ,

Ùß³Ï»É Ø²Ò-Ç ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý, ÙñóáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ýµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ, Ï³ñ¨áñ»Éáí ÃáÕ³ñÏíáÕ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ,

µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É Ø²Ò-Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ ³é³ÝÓÝ³å»ëÏ³ñ¨áñ»Éáí Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¶ÐöÎ²-Ç ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ,

ÑÇÙÝ³íáñ»É Ø²Ò-Ç ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÏááå»ñ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ¹ñ³ óáõóÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ»ï,

»ÉÝ»Éáí Ø²Ò-Ç Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇµ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó, ÁÝïñ»É Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛ³ÝÉ³ÛÝ³Í³í³É ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ¹ñ³ÝóÏ»Ýë³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ¨ ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÝ áõÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:

ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ë, Ø²Ò-Ç ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³ÍÙáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³ Ý³Ë³ÑÇÙùªÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý, ¹ñ³Ýóí»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý áõ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝù

85


Ï³ï³ñíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý, Ã»Ã¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý¨ ³ÛÉ Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ÐÐ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ Ñ³ïí³ÍÇÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ß³ï ½·³ÛáõÝ »Ý, ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇóª Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë ³ñï³ùÇÝßáõÏ³Ý»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇóª ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇÙß³ÏÙ³Ý óÇÏÉ»ñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý áõ Ññ³ï³å ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙÙß³ÏÙ³Ý óÇÏÉ³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇµ³ñÓñ³óáõÙÁ, áñÁ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ý Ï³åí³Í ¿ Ùß³ÏáÕ ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇýÇ½ÇÏ³ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý, ÃáÕ³ñÏíáÕ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ùá¹»ñÝ³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ýáñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ»ï:

²Ûë ³éáõÙáí, Ø²Ò-Ç ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³éÏ³ »Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇó Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³é³ÝÓÝ³óÝ»É ³ÛÝ, áñ Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ»ñÁ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ã»Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇëå³éÙ³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý ß³ï ÷áùñ ¿, ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï ¿, µ³ñÓñ»Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ ·Ý»ñÁ, ³ÝÑ³ë³Ý»ÉÇ ¿ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ýé»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇó ëï³óí³Í ÝÛáõÃ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁª Ùß³ÏáÕÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, Ýßí³Í Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ë³ñëËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý.

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ ë»ñÝ¹Çï»ËÝÇÏ³ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¨ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³Éµ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ³é³çÝ³Ñ»ñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ¨é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý,Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý, ·ÉË³íáñáõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³ÝÑÇÙÝ³íáñáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý óÇÏÉ³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇÏ³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ áõ ï³ñµ»ñÍ³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ»ÝñÇ Ïááå»ñ³óÙ³ÝÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý, Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ýé³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇµ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ µ³½³ÛÇëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÏ³ÝË³ï»ëáõÙÝ»ñÁ,

Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å»ï³Ï³ÝÑ³ñÏ³µÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ ̈ ýÇÝ³Ýë³í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÓ»éáõÙÁ,

86


Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇýÇÝ³Ýë³íáñÙ³Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³Ýí³Ý³ó³ÝÏ»ñÇ Ýáñ³óÙ³Ý, Çñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³íãáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ûáõñ³óÙ³ÝÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÏÝå³ëï»Ý Ùß³ÏáÕ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇÏ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç ³å³ÑáíÙ³ÝÁ:

ÐÐ Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñå»ë Ï³ñ¨áñáõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É Ñ³í³ùÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÏ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙÁ (Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë, Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ï»ÕÓ»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ), áñï»Õ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³ÝÏááå»ñ³óÇ³Ý, ÇÝï»·ñ³óÇ³Ý ¨ Ñ³í³ùÙ³Ý »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ: 44

´»ñí³Í »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÁ µÝáõÃ³·ñíáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýóóáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí, áñáÝó ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óáõÙÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë Ñ³í³ùíáÕ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ, µ³óÇ¹ñ³ÝÇó Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³Íù Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ é»ÛïÇÝ·Ç Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ:45

Ð³ í³ù Ù³Ý ³ñ ï³¹ ñáõÃ Û³Ý »Ý Ã³ Ï³ éáõó í³Íù Ý» ñÇ é»Û ïÇÝ ·Ç Ù³ -Ï³ñ ¹³Ï Ý» ñÇ á ñáß Ù³Ý Ù» Ãá¹ Ý» ñÇ ̈ ·Ý³ Ñ³ï Ù³Ý óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÇ Ùß³ Ïáõ -ÙÁ, ÇÝã å»ë Ý³¨ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÇ µÝáõ Ã³· ñáõ ÙÁ ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ï³ ÉÇëÏáÕÙ Ýá ñáß í»É, Ý³Ë, Ýßí³Í »Ý Ã³ Ï³ éáõó í³Íù Ý» ñÇ Ó ̈ ³ íáñ Ù³Ý ³ é³ÝÓ -Ý³ Ñ³ï ÏáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ý» ñÇ µ³ ó³ Ñ³Ûï Ù³Ý, ÷á ÷á ËáõÃ Û³Ý, Ï³ é³ í³ñ Ù³Ý ¨Ùñóáõ Ý³ ÏáõÃ Û³Ý Ó ̈ ³ íáñ Ù³Ý áõÕ ÕáõÃ Û³Ùµ, »ñÏ ñáñ¹, Ñ³ß í³ñ Ï»É ³ÛÝ ÇÝ -ï»· ñ³É óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÁ, á ñáÝù µÝáõ Ã³· ñáõÙ »Ý Ù³ñ ½» ñÇ ïÝï» ë³ Ï³Ý Ý» -ñáõ ÅÇ µ³ Õ³¹ ñ³ Ù³ ë» ñÇ Ó ̈ ³ íáñ Ù³Ý ³ é³ÝÓ Ý³ Ñ³ï ÏáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ý» ñÁ:

²ÛÅÙ ùÝÝ³ñ Ï»Ýù ³ÛÝ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÇ Ýß³ Ý³ ÏáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ, á ñáÝù Ý»ñ Ï³ -Û³ó ÝáõÙ »Ý ï³ ñ³Í ù³ ÛÇÝ ÙÇ³ íáñ Ý» ñÇ ïÝï» ë³ Ï³Ý Ý» ñáõ ÅÇ µÝáõ Ã³· -ñáõ ÙÁ: ²Û¹ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÁ Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ ¹³ ë³ Ï³ñ ·»É 7 ÑÇÙ Ý³ Ï³ÝËÙµ» ñÇ ÙÇç¨.

ËÙµÇ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÇÝ í» ñ³ µ» ñáõÙ »Ý ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ ³ñ ï³ Ñ³Ý Ù³Ýµ³ ÅÇ ÝÁ, ÑÇÙ Ý³ Ï³Ý ýáÝ ¹» ñÇ ýÇ ½Ç Ï³ Ï³Ý Ù³ß í³Í ùÁ, µ³ñÓñ ï»Ë Ýá Éá -·Ç³ Ûáí ³ñ ï³¹ñ í³Í ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ µ³ ÅÇ ÝÁ, Ï³ ñá ÕáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ý» ñÇ µ»éÝ í³ -ÍáõÃ Û³Ý ³ë ïÇ ×³ ÝÁ, ·»ñ×ß· ñÇï ë³ñ ù³ íá ñáõÙ Ý» ñÇ ï» ë³ Ï³ ñ³ñ ÏßÇ éÁ¨ ·Ç ï³ ï³ñ ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ µ³ ÅÇ ÝÁ,

ËÙµÇ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÇó »Ý` ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³ Ï³Ý ¨ áã ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³ Ï³Ý á Éáñï -Ý» ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ ñáõÙ Ý» ñÇ Ñ³ ñ³ µ» ñ³Ï óáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ, Ý»ñ¹ ñáõÙ Ý» ñÇ µ³ ÅÇ ÝÁ ³Ï ïÇíýáÝ ¹» ñÇ Ï³½ ÙáõÙ, µÛáõ ç» ï³ ÛÇÝ Ý»ñ¹ ñáõÙ Ý» ñÇ µ³ ÅÇÝÝ ÁÝ¹ Ñ³ Ýáõñ Ý»ñ¹ -ñáõÙ Ý» ñÇ Ï³½ ÙáõÙ ¨ Ý»ñ¹ ñáõ Ù³ ÛÇÝ » Ï³Ù ï³ µ» ñáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ,

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ton, New York, 2005, p.56.42 www.parliament.am

ËÙµáõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ »Ý ÷á Ë³ éáõ ¨ ë» ÷³ Ï³Ý Ï³ åÇ ï³ ÉÇ Ñ³ ñ³ µ» ñ³Ï -óáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ, ýÇ Ý³Ý ë³ Ï³Ý ·áñ Í³ ÏÇó Ý» ñÇ Ù³ Ï³ñ ¹³ ÏÁ, Ù³ñ ½Ç µ³ ÅÇ ÝÁÐÜ²-áõÙ, Ï³ åÇ ï³ ÉÇ ¨ Í³Ë ë» ñÇ ß³ Ñáõ Ã³ µ» ñáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ ß³ Ñáõ Ã³ µ³Å ÝÇ ¨ãµ³ßË í³Í ß³ ÑáõÛ ÃÇ µ³ ÅÇÝ Ý» ñÁ` ½áõï ß³ ÑáõÛ ÃáõÙ, ½áõï ¹ñ³ Ù³ Ï³Ý Ñáë -ù» ñÇ Ù» ÍáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ, í×³ ñáõ Ý³ ÏáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ ¨ Ç ñ³ó í» ÉÇáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ,

ËÙµáõÙ ÙïÝáõÙ »Ý Ù³ñ ½Ç Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏ ÝáÕ ÐÜ²-Ç µ³ ÅÇ ÝÁ, ³ ½³ï ³ß -Ë³ ï³Ý ù³ ÛÇÝ é» ëáõñë Ý» ñÇ ½µ³Õ í³ ÍáõÃ Û³Ý, ëá óÇ³ É³ Ï³Ý á Éáñ ïÇ µÛáõ -ç» ï³ ÛÇÝ å³ñ ï³ íá ñáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ý» ñÇ µ³ ÅÇÝ µÛáõ ç»Ç Í³Ë ë» ñÇ Ù³ ëáõÙ ¨³Ý ·áñ ÍáõÃ Û³Ý Ù³ Ï³ñ ¹³ ÏÁ,

ËÙµÇ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÁ ³ñ ï³ óá ÉáõÙ »Ý µ³ñÓñ ï»Ë Ýá Éá ·Ç³ Ý» ñÇ µ³ -ÅÇÝÝ ÁÝ¹ Ñ³ Ýáõñ ï»Ë Ýá Éá ·Ç³ Ý» ñáõÙ, ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ å³ï ñ³ëï Ù³Ý óÇÏ -É³ ÛÇÝ ï ̈ á ÕáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ ¨ Ï³ éáõó í³Í ùÁ, ÝÛáõ ÃÇ Ùß³Ï Ù³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝÁÝ¹ Ñ³ Ýáõñ Å³ Ù³ Ý³ ÏáõÙ,

ËÙµÇ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÁ ³ñ ï³ Ñ³Û ïáõÙ »Ý ·Ç ï³ Ñ» ï³ ½á ï³ Ï³Ý, ÷áñ -Ó³ ÏáÝëï ñáõÏ ïá ñ³ Ï³Ý ³ß Ë³ ï³Ýù Ý» ñÇ Í³ í³ ÉÁ, Ýá ñ³ Ùáõ ÍáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ý» -ñÇ µ³ ÅÇÝÝ ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ Í³ í³ ÉáõÙ, Ýáñ ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ ³ñ ï³ Ñ³Ý Ù³Ýµ³ ÅÇ ÝÁ, Ýáñ ³ñ ï³¹ ñ³Ý ùÇ ÷áñ Ó³ñÏ Ù³Ý Å³ Ù³ Ý³ ÏÇ ï ̈ á ÕáõÃ Ûáõ ÝÁ,

ËÙµÇ óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÁ ³ñ ï³ óá ÉáõÙ »Ý Ù³ñ ½» ñÇ ÁÝ Ï» ñáõÃ ÛáõÝ Ý» ñÇ ·áñ -Íáõ Ý»áõÃ Û³Ý ÁÝ¹ É³Û ÝáõÙÝ ³ñ Å»ÃÕ Ã» ñÇ ßáõ Ï³ ÛáõÙ, µ³Å Ý» ïáÙ ë» ñÇ é»Û -ïÇÝ ·Á ¨ ß³ Ñáõ Ã³ µ³Å ÝÇ í×³ ñáõ ÙÁ:

²Ûë åÇ ëáí, ÐÐ Ù³ñ ½» ñÇ Ñ³ Ù³ ã³÷ ½³ñ ·³ó Ù³Ý ÑÇÙ Ý³ íá ñáõÙÝ, Áëï¿áõÃ Û³Ý, Ç ñ» ÝÇó Ý»ñ Ï³ Û³ó ÝáõÙ ¿ µ»ñ í³Í óáõ ó³ ÝÇß Ý» ñÇ ËÙµ» ñÇ ÷áË -Ý»ñ ·áñ ÍáõÃ ÛáõÝ ¨ ³Ù µáÕ çáõÃ ÛáõÝ, á ñÇ Ï»Ý ë³ ·áñ Íáõ ÙÁ å³ Ñ³Ý çáõÙ ¿ û· -ï³ ·áñ Í»É ½³ñ ·³ó Ù³Ý Ù» Ë³ ÝÇ½Ù Ý» ñÇ ¨ Ù» Ãá ¹Ý»ñÇ ÏÇ ñ³é Ù³ÝÑ³ Ù³ Ï³ñ ·³ ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ùá ï» óáõÙ Ý»ñÁ.

Ù³ñ½Ç ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ, áñÁ·Ý³Ñ³ïíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí.

Ù³ñ½Ç ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ »ñÏñÇ ÐÜ²-Ç Ï³½ÙáõÙ,Ù³ñ½Ç µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý

³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÙÃ»ñùÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÁ,µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ,Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÁ:Ø³ñ½Ç Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ ½ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ,

ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ Ï³ñ¨áñíáõÙ »Ý.ßÇÝ³ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ãí³ù³Ý³ÏÁ, ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÁ,ýáÝ¹³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³åñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ µáñë³Ý»ñÇ ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ,Ãñ»Û¹³ÛÇÝ ¨ µñáù»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ:Ø³ñ½Ç ÅáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃÁ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ ³é³ÝÓÝ³óíáõÙ »Ý.

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Ù³ñ½Ç µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ` »ñÏñÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÏ³½ÙáõÙ,

ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ,³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ½µ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ:Ø³ñ½Ç ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ

ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ ¿.áã å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ µ³ÅÇÝÁ` Ù³ñ½Ç Ó»éÝ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ

ù³Ý³ÏáõÙ,áã å»ï³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ` Ù³ñ½Ç

ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ` Ù³ñ½Ç ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³½ÙáõÙ,

Ù³ñ½Ç Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ,Ù³ñ½Ç ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ¨ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ:Ø³ñ½Ç Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÁ,

áñáÝóÇó »Ý.Ù³ñ½Ç íÝ³ë³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý

Ñáëù»ñÁ,Ù³ñ½Ç Ñ³ë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ` µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý

ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ, ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙÁ` Ù³ñ½Ç ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý

Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ, Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ̈ í³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙÁ,³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÁ` ³ñï³ùÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý»ñ:²ÛëåÇëáí, Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý

ÇÝï»·ñ³É ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»É.Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ` Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í

½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ï³ÝË³ï»ëÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ,Ù³ñ½Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÝ³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ÑáõÙù³ÝÛáõÃ³ÛÇÝ

ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇó,Ù³ñ½Ç Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝÇ½ÙÝ»ñÇ ̈ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ

ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ,Ù³ñ½Ç »ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ,Ù³ñ½Ç ýÇÝ³Ýë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñë³ÛÇÝ ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨

»ÝÃ³Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý áõÕÕí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

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Ðà¶º´²Ü²Î²Ü ØàîºòàôØÜºðÆ ²¼¸ºòàôÂÚàôÜÀ êîìºð²ÚÆÜîÜîºêàôÂÚ²Ü ÎðÖ²îØ²Ü ºì îÜîºê²Î²Ü ²è²æÀÜÂ²òÆ ÊÂ²ÜØ²Ü

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îÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïáõÏ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿Ó»éù µ»ñáõÙ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùÇ ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹³ñ³óí³Íëå³ëáõÙÁ` å»ï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ²Ûë ëÏ½µáõÝùÇÑ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ÉÇÝ»É Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇ, »Ã»Ï³é³í³ñíáÕ ûµÛ»ÏïÁ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇó ¹³éÝ³ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³Û³óÙ³Ý·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇÝ ¨ Ñá·»µ³Ýáñ»Ý ÁÝÏ³ÉÇ áõ ÁÝ¹áõÝÇ ³ÛÝ: Î³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ »Ý, áñ ³ßË³ïáÕÁ³ÏïÇíáñ»Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏóáõÙ ¿ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÁ, ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ ¨ ÏÇëáõÙ ¿Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÝ áõ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÁ:

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íÇ×³Ï³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÐÜ²-Ç áã Ý³íÃ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ Ù³ëÝ³µ³ÅÇÝÁ 35ïáÏáë ¿ Ï³½ÙáõÙ: ²Û¹ ï³ñÇ ÐÜ²-áõÙ 26,8 ÙÉñ¹-Ç 9,5 ÙÉñ¹-Á áã Ý³íÃ³ÛÇÝÑ³ïí³ÍÇÝ ¿ µ³ÅÇÝ ÁÝÏ»É: ¸³ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ »õ ìñ³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ïÑ³Ù»Ù³ï³Í` ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ óáõó³ÝÇß ¿: ²ÛÝå»ë ¿ ëï³óíáõÙ, áñ»Ã» Ý³íÃÁ ãÉÇÝ»ñ, ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ ÐÜ²-Ý ÏÏ³½Ù»ñ Ùáï 10 ÙÉñ¹: Üß³Ý³ÏáõÙ¿` ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝáõÙ Ù»Í ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³: ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇÏ³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ã³ùóÝáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë Ý³íÃ³ÛÇÝ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É áã Ý³íÃ³ÛÇÝÑ³ïí³ÍáõÙ ïÇñáÕ ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ü»ñÏ³ÛáõÙ »ñÏñÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ëï»ÕÍí³Í ¿ Ý³íÃÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ íñ³: ÆëÏ ³Û¹ áÉáñïÁÃ³ùóíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó: âÝ³Û³Í ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇÝ, áñ Ü³íÃÇå»ï³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, ³ÛÝáã ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù ¹»é ³áõ¹Çï ãÇ ³Ýó»É:

ÜÏ³ñ 1. Ð³Ù³ßË³ñÑ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Í³í³ÉáõÙ

ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ýï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßéÇÝ, ³å³ ³ÛÝ, ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÛïÝÇí»ñÉáõÍ³µ³Ý üñ»¹»ñÇ ÞÝ³Û¹»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ùµ ÐÜ²-Ç Ùáï Ï»ëÝ ¿Ï³½ÙáõÙ:48 ÆëÏ ìñ³ëï³ÝáõÙ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ 2008-2010ÃÃ.

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áñáß³ÏÇ ³ÝÏÙ³Ý ÙÇïáõÙ ¿ ³ñÓ³Ý³·ñ»É: ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ³éÙ³Ùµ,å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý íÇ×³Ï³·ñ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ íÏ³ÛáõÙ »Ý, áñ µáÉáñ »ñ»ùå»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ¿É ³éÏ³ »Ý ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÑ³Ù³¹ñ»ÉÇ ÙÇïáõÙÝ»ñ:

ÜÏ³ñ 2. êïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁ Ð³ñ³í³ÛÇÝÎáíÏ³ëÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ49

Â»¨ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇéÁÙÝáõÙ ¿ µ³ñÓñ, Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÛÝ ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ Ïñ×³ï»É Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝí³ñã³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ëëï³óÙ³Ùµ ¨ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇÃ³÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñáí: ´³óÇ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³ÝÁÑ³ÛïÝÇ ÉÍ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÇó, Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á Ï³ñ·³íáñíáõÙ ¿Ý³¨ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí Ñá·»µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÁ, áñÁ ¹ñë¨áñíáõÙ ¿³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÁ Ï³Ù Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: ²Ûë Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÁ³éÝãíáõÙ ¿ éÇëÏÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ Ñ»ï: ÆÝãå»ë µáÉáñ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ,Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ¨ë Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ï³ï³ñáõÙ »Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ³ßË³ï³Ýùª ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý, í»ñ³ÑëÏÙ³Ý¨ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ: Üñ³Ýù Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáõÙ »Ý ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÙ³ùë³ïáõñù»ñÇ ¨ Ñ³ñÏ»ñÇ ×Çßï Ñ³ßí³ñÏÙ³Ý, Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ³·ñÇÝ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý»óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí

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³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ áõÕ»ÏóáÕ ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÕ»ñÁ ¨ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇïëïáõ·íáõÙ »Ý: âÝ³Û³Í ýÇÝ³Ýë³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ×·Ý³Å³ÙÇÝ` 2009Ã. ÐÐå»ï»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï»Ý Ï³ñáÕ³ó»É ¿ ³å³Ñáí»É Ñ³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ ¨Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ùáõïù»ñÁ, áñÁ Ï³½Ù»É ¿ 520 ÙÉñ¹, ëáóí×³ñÝ»ñÇÝÁ` 103 ÙÉñ¹¹ñ³Ù:50 ÆëÏ 2010Ã. ³é³çÇÝ 10 ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇ Ïïñí³ÍùáíÑ³í³ù³·ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É »Ý 2009Ã. ÝáõÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇóáõó³ÝÇßÁ 77.9 ÙÉñ¹ ¹ñ³Ùáí ³í»ÉÇ, ÇëÏ ëáóí×³ñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëáí` 7.9ÙÉñ¹¹ñ³Ùáí:

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ÜÏ³ñ 3. ÐÐ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ý 1996 - 2011ÃÃ. (ÙÉñ¹. ¹ñ³Ù)

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ANNOTATIONS OF ARTICLES

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Ð²²ºØ²²¶ - Æò ¸ºäÆ Ð²²ºØ îÜîºê²Î²Ü Ð²Ø²ÚÜø… ºì ²ìºÈÆÜ(²Ü¶ÈºðºÜ)

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EDMOND MIKAELYAN

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OFNATIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

The role of high technologies is frequently mentioned while analyzing the state ofaffairs in local markets. Recent developments in Armenian economy clearlydemonstrate the need to speed up the reforms in science and technologies and pro-vide adequate incentives for their growth. Moreover, in order to build a knowl-edge based economy and to raise the level of competitiveness, Armenia can findits niche in the global markets of information and high technologies. Given thequality of labor and favorable environment in mentioned industry, country may re-duce current level of outsourcing information technologies and become a regionalcenter for their development and growth. This, in turn, requires to meeting thebasic prerequisites of Michael Porter’s national competitive advantage theory:

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form a local demand for the services and have free and fair competition amonglocal companies producing high technologies. In addition anticipated growth inmentioned industry requires adequate legislation to protect intellectual propertyrights and keep truck on latest developments in global markets.

GRIGOR NERSISYAN

DETERMINATION OF MODERN CONTENT OF ENCOURAGING MANA-GERIAL ACTIVITIES FOR PROPER MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYMENTBEHAVIOR

Based on studies and theories developed by various experts such as C.Alderfer,F.Hertzberg, V.Vroom, and others, this article aimes to work out conceptual approachfor determining the modern content of encouraging managerial activities to improvethe quality of work and choose proper incentives in a workplace. One of the basicapproaches commonly used is to look at financial incentives, particularly offeringbonuses aside from monthly salaries and wages. It usually increases the motivationand interest of the employee for more efficient work. However, moral incentivesshall not be underestimated for the same purpose. In addition, incentives by andlarge are based on internal wroking environment, whereas external factors need tobe considered well. People hold various interests outside the company and carefulexamination of the whole range of conditions may help to choose efficient incen-tives. Management team may also pay attention to the cultural diversities and dif-ferences in employees mentality before offering certain incentives for better work.

LEVON MARTIROSYAN

PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING AND IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCYOF TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

Issues relate to macroeconomic growth can never be successfully solved without re-ducing existing gaps between the rates of growth in different territories of the coun-try. First, the interests of the state and local communities need to be balanced andcoordinated. Second, local natural resources distribution and use need to be efficientwithout causing any damage to the environment. Also, local demand for consumergoods and services is essential for setting up new industrial production or expandingthe existing ones. This may lead to the growth of the export potential of each terri-tory contributing to the overall macroeconomic growth of the nation. Based on deep

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analysis of mentioned and related factors new methods and mechanisms to reduceexisting discrepancies are developed and suggested in this article.

KAREN GHULOYAN

ISSUES RELATED TO THE EFFICIENCY OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRA-TION IN ARMENIA

Current mechanism of municipal administration was launched in Armenia in 1996.Municipal governments for 47 cities, 12 administrative districts (in cities) and 871villages were formed. Currently the number of municipal governments tend to de-crease in accordance with the overal concept of reforms aimed to make larger exis-ting small communities and save financial resources on municipal administration.Financial resources always play major role in solving mentioned issues. Local com-munity budgets are not sufficient to meet the basic needs of communities, thereforecentral government budget subsidies and subventions strongly support social projectsand other vital programs. In order to improve current state of affairs in municipaladministration, international experience need to be analyzed and certain success sto-ries, particularly from Denmark, United Kingdom and Canada are suggested to belocalized in Armenia.

DAVID MANUKYAN

PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC ADMI-NISTRATION AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLICOF ARMENIA

Currently Armenia faces a number of challenges associated with the overallprocess of transition from centrally planned to a market based economy. One ofthe key challenges is considered to be the efficiency of public administration andterritorial growth in Armenia. One of the possible solutions to overcome the prob-lem is to discover the major competitive advantages of each region concentratingneeded resources for their production and making an effort to utilize the in localand foreign markets. Also, well designed and well structured strategy is requiredto develop a new and more competitive regional market with advanced methodsof municipal government supporting pro-active economic policies. Special em-phasis is paid to the improvement of existing investment climate in different re-gions of Armenia.

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VARDAN KARAPETYAN

THE IMPACT OF PSYCOLOGICAL APPROACHES ON REDUCING SHA-DOW ECONOMY AND STIMUL ATING ECONOMIC PROGRESS

Justified principle of partnership is expected to be prevailing in internal policy ofthe government. All decisions made by the government may be feasible for im-plementation if those who will be responsible for them on daily basis take part indecision making process. Modern technologies of management presumes the par-ticipation of all levels in decision making process and encourages employees towork on new initiatives, share and support new projects. It is proven that all casesof “economic miracles”, including those in Japan and South Korea are based onmentioned principles and related methods. The same is true for involving the em-ployees and consumers in the process of reducing the “shadow economy”. One ofthe main aspects is to make taxation more efficient and transparent, as well as toencourage consumers to control the entire chain starting from production processto the supermarkets and the after sales services. More recently Armenian tax au-thorities launched a new project where certain incentives were given to consumersto demand receipts for their shopping items and use all receipts numbers for amonthly lottery. As a result, the share of the “shadow economy” had been essen-tially decreased in the country.

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