50 Years of the Laser in the City of Light Wednesday, June 23, 2010

Ecole Polytechniquey qPalaiseau

High Field Science:High Field Science:A Second Wave of Laser

G MToshiki Tajima

Blaise Pascal Chair, Fondation Ecole Normale Supérieure

G. Mourou,

Fondation Ecole Normale SupérieureInstitut de Lumière Extrême

andQ GLMU,MPQ, Garching

Acknowledgments for collaboration and advice: G. Mourou, F. Krausz, D. Habs. K. Homma, M. Kando, A. Suzuki, F. Takasaki, M. Teshima, W. Leemans, E. Esarey, S. Karsch, F. Gruener, W. Sandner R Heuer A Caldwell E Moses T Esirkepov S Bulanov C Labaune M Gross J

1

Sandner, R. Heuer, A. Caldwell, E. Moses, T. Esirkepov, S. Bulanov, C. Labaune, M. Gross, J. Urakawa, H. Gies, T. Heinzl, R. Schuetzhold, G. Dunne, K. Kondo, S. Iso, X. Yan, R. Assmann, C. Barty, M. Nozaki, A. Chao, W. Chou, N. Naumova, J. Chambaret, C. Keitel, P. Chomaz, D. Normand, P. Martin, P. Chen, M Downer, A. Caldwell

Laser probing nonlinearities in matter

vs

meEx 2

px ~

p

Rutherford’s (accelerator) approach vs Laser approachdiscover particles (colliders) nonlinear optics, spectroscopydiscover particles (colliders) nonlinear optics, spectroscopy

EQ=mpc2

NL Optics

Chirped Pulse Amplification did it!

100fs100fs

D. Strickland and G. Mourou 1985

4

Nonlinearities in atom, plasma, and vacuum

Atomicnonlinear potential

Plasma electron nonlinear relativistic motion

Vacuum nonlinearitynonlinear potential relativistic motion

vs.

Keldysh field forlaser atomic

Schwinger field forvacuum breakdownLaser wakefield

ionization

Compact high energy collidersCompact accelerator applicationsPeV acceleration for quantum gravity

Nonlinear QED fieldsGeneral relativistic effectsVacuum probe (s a Dark energy)PeV acceleration for quantum gravity Vacuum probe (s.a. Dark energy)

Relativistic nonlinearity under intense laser

Plasma free of binding potential , but its electron responses:

a) a) ClassicalClassical optics : optics : v<<c, v<<c, b) b) RelativisticRelativistic optics: optics: v~cv~caa00<<1:<<1: xx onlyonly aa >>1:>>1: z >>z >> xxaa00<<1: <<1: x x onlyonly aa00>>1: >>1: z >> z >> xx

eA0 eE0a0

eA0

mc2

eE0

mc 2

nonlinearnonlinear z~az~aoo22

linearlinear x~ax~aoo

Wakefield䠖Nonlinearity-driven, Collective

Collective phenomenon = all particles in medium participate

Kelvin wake

Wave breaks at v䠘cNo wave breaks and wake peaks at v cNonlinearities of plasma and water waves

(Wave-head hard to overtake trough.density cusp singularity)

(Wave-head overtakes trough)

Thousand-fold CompactificationLaser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA): 103-4 fold gradient

Laser pulse0 03

- --

--

-----

-----

- -----------

Laser pulse

plasma

~0.03mm

-

-- -

--

-- -

----

-

-- -

---------

--

---

-----

---- -

---

---

- +++

+++ +

+++

++

++++

++ ++--

-- - -- - -

---- - --

S d ti li f t b

(gas tube)Superconducting linacrf- tube㸦Fermilab㸧

~40cm

Emax~32MV/mEmax~100,000MV/m

GeV electrons from a centimeter LWFA( a slide given to me by S. Karsch)

310- m-diameter channel capillary

( g y )

p y

P = 40 TW

d 4 3 1018 3 density 4.3㽢1018 cm 3. Leemans et al., Nature Physics, september 2006 laser intensity 1018 W/cm2

(emphasis by S. Karsch)

Table-top Brilliant Undulator X-ray Radiation from LWFAo

( F. Gruener, S. Karsch, et al., Nature Phys., 2009)

Observed undulatorradiation spectrum

LWFA

Livingston Chart and Recent Saturation(S

uzuuki,

2009)

(http://tesla.desy.de/~rasmus/media/Accelerator%20physics/slides/Livingston%20Plot%202.html)

World Lab goal =Put SLAC on a football fieldInitiatives considered emerging: French; CERN; KEK; LBLInitiatives considered, emerging: French; CERN; KEK; LBL

SLAC’s 2 mile linac

Laser acceleration = 䞉 no material breakdown ( 3/4 orders

higher gradient); however:SLAC’s 2 mile linac(50GeV)

g g );䞉 3 orders finer accuracy, and

2 orders more efficient laser needed

Laser driven collider concept

a TeV collider

Leemans and Esarey (Phys. Today, 09)ICFA-ICUIL Joint Task Force on Laser Acceleration(Darmstadt,10)

1000 times 1000 times 1 PeV=1015 eVA. Suzuki (KEK)1000 times higher energy1000 times higher energy

䇾䇾 New paradigm”New paradigm”

1 PeV=10 eV

New paradigmNew paradigm

LeptogenesisLeptogenesis

PeV Accelerator

p gp g

SUSY breakingSUSY breaking LaserAcceleration

Extra dimensionExtra dimension

AccelerationTechnology

Extra dimensionExtra dimensionDark matterDark matter

SupersymmetrySupersymmetry

1 TeV=101 TeV=101212 eVeV䇾Standard model�”

14

HiggsHiggsQuarksQuarksLeptonsLeptons

Theory of wakefield toward extreme energy

2 2 2 2 20 0 0 02 2 ,cr

phn

E m c a m c a (when 1D theory applies)0 0 0 0 ,ph

en

In order to avoid wavebreak,106

107

V) 1 TeV In order to avoid wavebreak,

a0 < ph1/2 ,

where104

105

nerg

y (M

eV

whereph = (ncr / ne )1/2

101

102

103

Ele

ctro

n en 1 GeV

experimental

theoretical

100

10E

1017 1018 1019 1020

(-3) Adopt:20

2 ,crd p

nL a0

1 ,crnL a

Plasma density (cm-3) Adopt:NIF laser (3MJ)

0 7P V0 ,d pen 0 ,

3p pe

L an

dephasing length pump depletion length 0.7PeV

(with Kando, Teshima)

-ray signal from primordial GRB

(Abdo,

Energy-dependent photon speed ?Observation of primordial

et al,

2009 Observation of primordial

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB)(limit is pushed up

09)

low (limit is pushed up close to Planck mass)

wer energ

Lab PeV (from e-)

gy

can explore thiswith control

higheer

Feel vacuum texture: PeV energy

Laser acceleration controlled laboratory test to see quantum gravity textureon photon propagation (Special Theory of Relativity: c0)on photon propagation (Special Theory of Relativity: c0)

Coarser,llower energytexture

Finer,higher energy

c < c0

(0 1P V)

g gytexture

PeV (converted from e- )(1PeV : fs behind)

(0.1PeV)1km

What is vacuum?

St fi ld b kcrystalAn observer (bug) in crystal

looks at vacuumPhonon : excitation of vacuum

Strong field breaks vacuum

vacuum produces e+e- pairvacuum

౦=(ช)૬ ૬=(ช)౦ઌ(true)૬(nothing) Photon : distortion of vacuumvacuum produces e e pair vacuum

Strong laser fieldCompton lengthQED vacuum breakdown

Laser wavelength(Naumova

Mourou)

Intense laser probes matter /vacuum nonlinearity

Crystal nonlinearity second harmonic generation (Franken et al)

Learn from Nonlinear Optics of matter for vacuum:Learn from Nonlinear Optics of matter for vacuum:

V li it b li htQED nonlinearity

Vacuum nonlinearity by light- mass field (dark energy, axion,..)

second harmonic

QED vacuum probe by intense laserHeisenberg-Euler Langrangian: tiny nonlinearity, never observed

intense laser needed; sensitive probe, avoid blinding laserPhase contrast imaging(refractive index diffraction, noise reduction)

(with Homma, Habs)

Learning from laser parametric scattering: low energy (meV - neV) fields (vacua)

Proposed scheme of co-parallel intense laser probe of vacuum

(with Homma, Habs)

gy ( ) ( )

intense laser probe of vacuumMany orders of magnitude gain in resonant coupling andin resonant coupling and sensitivity over long interaction:

Nonlinearity of vacuum+ 2 (SHG a la Franken)+ 2 (SHG a la Franken)

cf. Brillouin forward scattering beat / optical parametric excitation = phonon mediating

(Nambu-Goldston boson)

Mass of light fields(dark energy fields, axion-like fields) resonates with specific crossing angle of co-propagating lasers

Scope of Scope of High Field ScienceHigh Field Sciencevsvs traditional approachestraditional approachesvsvs traditional approachestraditional approaches

telescope

llide

r co

l

(with Homma, Habs)

Conclusions�• Laser: intensity sees no plateau/ceiling since 1990

N li iti f tt b L li ti ( t i lid�• Nonlinearities of matter by Laser: nonlinear optics (atomic or solid nonlinearity) : Rutherford method vs Laser method

�• Nonlinearity of relativistic plasma laser wakefield y p�• Laser wakefield acceleration: experimentally well established; unique

properties getting known/applications spawn outGeV electrons 10 GeV soon 100GeV orld lab s ggested�• GeV electrons; 10 GeV soon; 100GeV world lab suggested;TeV laser collider contemplated; PeV frontier (primordial GRBs in the lab)

�• Vacuum nonlinearities: Heisenberg QED vacuum probed by intense laser byVacuum nonlinearities: Heisenberg QED vacuum probed by intense laser by phase contrast imaging

�• Vacuum nonlinearities with weakly coupling light energy fields (meV- neV): co propagating intense lasers to find beat resonance axion like particlesco-propagating intense lasers to find beat resonance axion-like particles, dark energy fields

�• High Fields Science: emerging, carves out new frontier, horizon yet to be

23seen --------a second wave of laser revolution------------

Centaurus A:

cosmic wakefieldlinac?

Merci Beaucoup!