PeterAleksandrovichSukhodol’skii(1835‐1903):Midday,VillageofZhelny(Желны),Masal’county(uezdуезд),Kalugaprovince(guberniiaгуберния),south‐central‘Black

Soil(chërnozemчëрнозем)’regionofRussia(July1864)StateRussianMuseum,StPetersburg(h`p://www.rusmuseum.ru/)

h`p://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/a`ach/c/0//44/545/44545538_p_a_suhodolskiy.jpg

GardenofEden?:Peasant‐overseer’sC17thmapofVladimirprovinceshowingdifferentlandlords’

arableholdingsamidforestorunclaimedland.h`p://makingmaps.net/2008/02/05/more‐principles‐of‐map‐design/and

ValerieKivelson’sCartographiesofTsardom:TheLandanditsMeaningsinSeventeenth‐CenturyRussia,Ithaca,CornellUniversityPress,2006,plate16,cikngRGADAf.1209.

AdamOlearius(Holstein,1603‐71):PortraitofMuscovitePeasants,1630s.h`p://az.lib.ru/s/sipowskij_w_w/text_0070.shtml.

Ploughing,Sowing,Reaping

(Пахота,Сев,Жатва)

MetropolitanMakarii’s

compilakonofChronicles,LitsevoiSvodЛицевойСвод

mid‐C16th

StateHistoricalMuseum,MoscowГосударственныйИсторическийМузей

h`p://www.nkj.ru/archive/arkcles/8050/or

h`p://www.nkj.ru/upload/iblock/1fd/1fdd907907ab008e147a}61990b5d7a.JPG

AMuscovitePeasantatworkattheTrinity‐StSergiusMonastery

namedforSaintSergiusofRadonezh

C17thMiniaturefromtheLifeofStSergiusofRadonezh(ЖитияСергияРадонежского),C14thfounderoftheMonasteryandFortofZagorskandkeyclericalsupporterofGrand

PrincelyautocrakcpowerinMuscovy.

h`p://annals.xlegio.ru/rus/zimin/rvig_v1.jpg

AMillerisshowngrindinggraininahandmill(bo`om

right)whileVasiliiIIiscaptured(and

blinded)andthenreleased.

LitsevoiSvod(Лицевойсвод),acompilakonofchroniclessponsoredbyMetropolitanMakariiinthemid‐C16th.

h`p://www.nkj.ru/upload/

iblock/d67/d6732e00603a7aff152ff49507a

89415.jpg

HabsburgenvoytoMuscovy(1661‐62):BaronAugusknvonMayerberg(1612‐88)andhisexpedikonarkst,JohanRudolfStorn

Boyar’sestateatNikol’skoe,thelastpost‐horsesta\onbeforetheyenterMoscowinMay1661:envoys’tentsandboyar’scountryhome

h`p://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/mayerb.html@h`p://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/images/mayerb54.jpg©

DanielClarkeWaugh

Dutchdiplomat,NicolaesWitsen(1641‐1717)EmbassytoMuscovyledbyJacobBoreel(1664‐65)totrytosecureamonopolyoverthetartrade,futureMayorof

Amsterdam(1682‐1706),publishingNoordenOostTartarye(1692)portrait(1700)byPetrusSchenk@h`p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nicolaas_Witsen_1674‐1717_by_Petrus_Schenk_1701.jpg

ruralimagefromNoordenOostTartaryeinА.Н.Кирпичников,РоссияXVIIвека(947.048К59r)No.1:Prosperousgentryman’sdomainnearNovgorod;No.2:theVillageandchurch.

2

1

AProsperousPerson’sHouse:Terent’evFamilyHouse,northernEuropeanRussia,C18th

h`p://resba.ru/publ/1‐1‐0‐16.

h`p://parusa.narod.ru/bib/papers/2009/peregudov/index.htm.

Thedaytoleave:StGeorge’sday(Iur’evDen’ЮрьевДень)26NovemberSergeiVasil’evichIvanovimagines(1908)apeasanttakinghisleaveofhislandlord.TherightwasremovedintheeraofBorisGodunov,1590s,andconfirmedasillegalinTsarAleksei

Mikhailovich’stheLawCode(SobornoeUlozhenieСоборноеУложение)of1649.h`p://www.emc.komi.com/02/27/008.htm.

C17thdeedrecordingthepaymentofquitrent

(obrokоброк)byserfstotheirlandlord(pomeshchik

помещик)

h`p://lori.ru/121371.

LeaffromtheC15thorC16thmanuscriptcopyof

GrandPrinceIvanIIIVasil’evich’sLaw

Code(SudebnikСудебник)of

1497

h`p://istorya.ru/forum/index.php?showtopic=393.

ClauseonRunawaySerfs(beglykrest’ianyбеглыкрестьян),per\nentclausesinpurple,

fromtheCompleteLawCode(SobornoeUlozhenieСоборноеУложение)

ofTsarAlekseiMikhailovichof1649h`p://www.emc.komi.com/02/19/030.htm

PrintversiononlineinRussianath`p://www.hist.msu.ru/ER/Etext/1649.htm.

ImageofMuscovitegentryheavy

cavalrymen:onTatarponiesbutwell‐paddedtoresistTatara`ack.

IllustrakoninaSlovenian‐born

Habsburgstatecounselorandenvoy,BaronSigismundvonHerberstein(1486‐1566)’smemoir(Rerum

MoscovitarumCommentarii,1549butdakngfrom1520s&1530s)ofhistwovisitstotheMuscovyofVasiliiIIIin

1517and1526.

h`p://www.nkj.ru/upload/iblock/8fc/8fcf304a1e33640937e9b05c8682902b.jpg

ImageofMuscovitegentryheavycavalry

equipment

IllustrakoninaSlovenian‐bornHabsburgstatecounselorandenvoy,BaronSigismundvon

Herberstein(1486‐1566)’smemoir(RerumMoscovitarum

Commentarii,1549butdakngfrom1520s&1530s)ofhistwovisitstotheMuscovyofVasiliiIIIin1517

and1526.

h`p://www.nkj.ru/upload/iblock/e7e/e7ee367fc2487bb836109856f650ba7b.j

pg

Fiyeenth‐Sixteenthcenturyarmouron

displayintheArmouryMuseumoftheMoscowKremlin(ОружейнаяПалата

МосковскогоКремлья)

h`p://s15.radikal.ru/

i188/1001/8d/4be231e77d67.jpg

ConquestofSiberia

SemënUl’ianovichRemezovofTobol’sk

ShortSiberianManuscriptКраткаяСибирскаяЛетопись

KratkaiaSibirskaiaLetopis’(1690s)

fromValerieKivelson’sCartographiesofTsarism,CornellUniversityPress,2006,p.199and

h`p://makingmaps.net/2008/10/10/map‐symbols‐gibbets‐gallows‐execukon/andtheexhibikonattheRussianHistoricalmuseumin2007:‘YermakandtheTakingofSiberia:h`p://www.shm.ru/ev50926.html.

HabsburgAmbassador,SigismundvonHerberstein’sMapofMuscovyin1549ColleckonoftheUppsalaUniversityLibrary,Sweden

h`p://www.baarnhielm.net/~gorbaa/Kartor/Rysslandskartor/MoscoviaHerberstein1549.jpg

MapofMoscowfromGeorgBraunandFranzHogenburg’satlasofEuropeancikes,publishedin6volsbetween1572and1617:(Civitatesorbisterrarum).Moscowappearedinvol.2,map47,publishedin1575.Themapisnottheirbestandseemsbasedonminimalinformakon,reproducing

Herberstein’smapbutadapknghisimageofMuscovitegentrycavalry.h`p://historic‐cikes.huji.ac.il/russia/moscow/maps/braun_hogenberg_II_47.htmlandthedetail@

h`p://historic‐cikes.huji.ac.il/russia/moscow/moscow.html

MapofMoscowinfirsthalfof

C16th

commissionedbyHolsteinenvoyto

Muscovy,AdamOlearius(1603‐71)

ColleckonoftheNewYorkPublicLibrary

h`p://russia.nypl.org/maps2/17moscow.html

OldMoscow,countrysideinthecity:‘ACourtyardinMoscow(МосковскийДворик)’,nearArbatdistrict’sChurchofthe‘SaviouroftheSands(СпасвПесках)’1878,byVasiliiDmitr’evichPolenov(1844‐1927)

StateTret’iakovGallery,Moscowh`p://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/ru/colleckon/_show/image/_id/2229

Timbertowns:ApollinariiMikhailovichVasnetsov(1853‐1933)imagines(in1900)Kitaigorod(Китайгород),themarketquarterofoldMoscow,earlyC17th.

StateRussianMuseum,StPetersburg@h`p://www.hrionline.ac.uk/rva/images/c0395‐07/c0395‐07x.htmlorh`p://historydoc.edu.ru/catalog.asp?cat_ob_no=13050&ob_no=15794.

Late‐C16th‐EarlyC17thHouseandYardoftheRomanovBoyarsincentralMoscow,justoffRedsquaretotheEast,betweenVarvarkaStreetandtheMoscowRiver(ПалатаиусадьбабоярРомановыхнаулицеВарваркавЗарядне,Москва)builtforMikhailFëdorovichRomanovin1596‐97(brotherofIvanIV’swife,AnastasiiaRomanovna,

grandfatherofTsarMikhailFëdorovich).h`p://www.shm.ru/romanovy.html&h`p://testan.narod.ru/moscow/museum/pal_rom.htm&

h`p://pics.livejournal.com/alsnum/pic/0006p0r6/s320x240&h`p://1.bp.blogspot.com/_MWdwg0XStnk/TMyoVCYSiZI/AAAAAAAAPA8/AKbv‐eEQkUA/s1600/Изображение+123.jpg.

h`p://www.yourmoscow.ru/picture/iddoc/p_varvarka2/$file/varvarka_b2.jpg

h`p://trassa.narod.ru/moscow/varvarka/r003‐013.jpg&

h`p://pl.emissary.ru/up_img/big_zaryad1.jpg

h`p://vlasshole.users.photofile.ru/photo/vlasshole/96417913/xlarge/116616989.jpg

DiningRoom(TrapeznaiaТрапезная)h`p://www.moskva‐group.ru/userdata/1267106031.jpg

Men’sParlour&Kitchen‐Dining(StolovaiaСтоловая)h`p://4.bp.blogspot.com/_MWdwg0XStnk/TMy1r_1qhmI/AAAAAAAAPC0/

Pk0QDcQg7a0/s1600/Изображение+106.jpg&h`p://pics.livejournal.com/alsnum/pic/0006��/s320x240

TiledStove(Муравленнаяпечь)

h`p://ludikmila.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog‐

post_30.html&h`p://www.home‐edu.ru/user/uatml/00000628/

uroki_moskow/imgs2/626.jpg

Woman’sParlour(SvetlitsaСветлица)h`p://pics.livejournal.com/alsnum/pic/00069bqt/s320x240&

h`p://trassa.narod.ru/moscow/varvarka/r002‐034.jpg

Boiar’swife’s(boiarinaбоярина)

domeskca re(sarafanсарафан)

h`p://www.home‐edu.ru/user/uatml/

00000628/uroki_moskow/

imgs2/636.jpg&paintedceiling

h`p://www.home‐edu.ru/user/uatml/

00000628/uroki_moskow/imgs2/607.jpg

TheFamilyofIvanIVarrivesatCourtforaceremonialoccasion.SecludedWomen.SerriedBoyars.

Illustrakonfromacompendiumofbiblestories,churchhistoryandoldchronicle

entriescompiledbymonksatAlexandrovskSlobodaascommissionedbyIvanIVin

1570s

LitsevoiSvodЛицевойСвод

h`p://history.sgu.ru/img/x1‐groz13.jpg.

Baron(Freiherr)SigismundvonHerberstein

(1486‐1566)HabsburgenvoytoMuscovy

(1517and1526)

RerumMoscovitarumCommentarii(1549,andtransinItalian,German,and

Czech1551,1556,1571eds.)h`p://warburg.sas.ac.uk/mnemosyne/word/

slavlit.gif

SledinwhichaMuscovitenoblewomanwouldtravelinMoscowstreetsinseclusion.HabsburgenvoytoMuscovy(1661‐62):BaronAugusknvonMayerberg(1612‐88)ArkstJohanRudolfStorn©DanielClarkeWaughh`p://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/mayerb.html@h`p://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/images/mayerb18.jpg.

WINTERTRANSPORT

TaxcolleckonC16th

Illustrakonfroma

compendiumofbiblestories,churchhistoryand

oldchronicleentriescompiledbymonksat

AlexandrovskSlobodaascommissionedbyIvanIVin

1570s

LitsevoiSvodЛицевойСвод

h`p://www.booksite.ru/trade/main/russian.htm

Prikazofficialssuperintendingthe

colleckonoftributeandtaxesinnewly‐conquered

Siberia(1698?)

SemёnUl’ianovichRemezov(1648‐early1720s),boyarfromTobol’sk

ShortSiberianorKungurskManuscript(КраткаяСибирьская/Кунгурская

Летопись)

LibraryoftheAcademyofSciences,StPetersburg

БиблиотекаАкадемияНаукаh`p://nauka.relis.ru/

02/0401/02401094.htm&h`p://ostrog.ucoz.ru/news/2&

h`p://www.rasl.ru/science/publish/remez_letopis.php.

BoyarsandtheirAssociates,ac\ngasEnvoystoIvanIVtoVienna:InProcessionandatWorshipatRegensburg,18July

1576MichaelPeterle,Bohemianarkst,

VictoriaandAlbertMuseum,Londonh`p://www.vam.ac.uk/item29295describedath`p://colleckons.vam.ac.uk/item/O975464/print/

(BridgemanArtLibrary,UniversalImagesGroup)

Detail1:DressCode:Kayan;Poli\calCode:PeckingOrder:Adepickonofthearrivalin1576ofthefirstdelegakonofRussiandiplomatsintheHabsburg

capital,Vienna:reign(1564‐76)ofHolyRomanEmperorMaximilianII.h`p://photofile.com.ua/photo/semkov/376977/74289635.jpg

Detail2&3:AssociatesoftheEnvoysofIvanIVtoVienna:InProcessionandatWorship

JostArmann,Swissarkst,Bibliothèquedesartsdecora[fs,Paris(h`p://www.lesartsdecorakfs.fr/francais/bibliotheque/)

(BridgemanArtLibrary,UniversalImagesGroup)

Danishenvoy,AdamOlearius’depic\onsofMuscovitedresscodesbasedontwovisitstoMuscovybetween1633and1636

(Le�):imageofaMuscoviteboyarandhissteward(Below):Churchhierarch,boyarfamily,peasant.h`p://1584.allrpg.info/index.php?kind=5&id=2501

DressCode‐‐Ka�an:AndreiPetrovichRiabushkin(1861‐1904)’sreconstruckonofameekngoftheBoyarDumainthepresenceofTsarMikhailFëdorovichRomanov,

h`p://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n‐13025/

PrincePeterSemёnovichProzorovskii,hisdeputy,IvanAfanas’evichZheliabuzhskii,theirchanceryclerk(d’iakдьяк)IvanDavydov,andhistranslator,A.Forot,

membersoftheRussianembassyinLondon,1662

StateHistoricalMuseum,MoscowГосударственныйИсторическийМузей

h`p://www.rulex.ru/rpg/portraits/20/20960.htm&h`p://i‐grappa.livejournal.com/233618.html.

TwoC17thPortraitsofMuscovite

ChancelleryOfficials(DumnyeD’iakiДумныeДьяки):

I.T.Gramokn

h`p://www.emc.komi.com/02/05/091.htm

Afanas’iIvanovichVlas’ev

PolishwoodcutimagefromapanegyricforStanisławGrokowski(Cracow1605).Vlas’evwasatrustedassociateofBorisGodunovandhadservedintheMuscoviteembassytoHolyRomanEmperorRudolfinViennasince1595,thenservedintheDiplomakcOffice(Posol’skiiPrikazПосольскийПриказ)inMoscowfrom1601.A�erabriefspellasGovernorinTula,akeyfortandmunikonscentresouthofMoscow,Vlas’evsoonadjustedtoservingFalseDmitri,andwassentasenvoytoKingSigismundofPoland

toreportontheaccessionofFalseDmitriandtohelparrangehismarriagetoMarinaofMtsensk.WhenVasiliiShuiskiibecameTsarin

1607a�erFalseDmitriwasdeposedandmurdered,Vlas’evwassenttobeGovernorofUfainBashkiria,butwasactuallyimprisonedkll1610.His

careerandfatetherea�erisunknown.h`p://ms‐reenactor.livejournal.com/tag/XVII+%D0%B2.

TheTsardistributesalmsforthepoor:atthecloseofadecadeofcivilwarandforeigninterven\on,thenewTsarofanewdynasty,MikhailFëdorovichRomanovvisitsIpat’evskii

MonasteryinKostromain14March1613.C19thre‐drawncopyofa1672MSКнигиобизбраниинацарствонавысочайшийпрестолвеликогороссийскогоцаряВеликогоГосударяиВеликогоКнязяМихайлаФедоровичавсеявеликияРоссии

Самодержцаh`p://www.hrono.ru/proekty/romanov/kabat10.jpg.