Millimetre-Wave Transmission: Activities of the ETSI ISG ... · Original BW 4096QAM XPIC L2, L3 Compression 400 Mbps 600Mbps Up to 1.2Gbps Up to 2Gbps. 01 0101010101. 12 b i t s

1

Millimetre-Wave Transmission: Activities of the ETSI ISG MWT

WF09

Nader Zein1, Renato Lombardi2

1NEC Europe Ltd; 2Huawei Technologies

[email protected]; [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

17/07/2016

1

© ETSI 2016. All rights reserved

NEC & HuaweiPresented by Nader Zein for 46thEuropean Microwave Conference, London, 7th October 2016

Millimetre-Wave Transmission:

Activities of the ETSI ISG MWT

WF09

NADER ZEIN & RENATO LOMBARDI


ETSI ISG MWT (MILLIMETER WAVE TRANSMISSION)

Introduction and General PresentationPresented by Renato Lombardi Chairman of ISG mWT London, October 7th



WF09

17/07/2016

2

Slide 3of 120© ETSI 2016. All rights reserved

AGENDA

1. ISG mWT Introduction

2. ISG mWT Activities

a) V-Band/E-band technology maturity

b) Applications, use case

c) Spectrum survey and use

Slide 4of 120

ETSI mWT ISG MAIN MILESTONES

01-2015

& 05-2015

12-2014

09-2014Early 2014

ISG mWT Plenary Meeting

#1 & #2 in Sophia Antipolis

Establishment of the new ETSI Industry Specification

Group (ISG) on millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT)

Launch of the mWT forum

@ Layer123 in Dusseldorf by founding

members

Early discussions, founding members,

preliminary agreements

09-201509-2015

ISG mWT Plenary

Meeting #3 in London

09-201509-2015

ISG mWT Plenary

Meeting #4, 5 in

Sophia Antipolis

4

17/07/2016

3

Slide 5of 120

ISG mWT MEMBERS AND PARTICPANTS

SYSTEM VENDORS

Alcatel-Lucent (FR)*

Aviat Networks (UK) Ltd

Blu Wireless Technology Ltd (GB)

Ceragon Networks AS (NO)

DragonWave S.a.r.l (LU)

E-Blink s.a. (FR)

Ericsson LM (SE)*

Fastback Networks (US)

Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd (GB)*

NEC Europe LTD (GB)*

Nokia Solutions and Networks Gmbh & Co. KG (DE)

Samsung Electronics (UK)

SIAE Microelettronica SpA (IT)

Siklu Communication Ltd. (IL)

ANTENNA, COMPONENTS,

INSTRUMENTS SUPPLIERS

Andrew AG (CH)*

BROADCOM CORPORATION (US)

HUBER+SUHNER AG (CH)

INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES (DE)*

Intel Deutschland GmbH (DE)

InterDigital Communications (US)

JDSU Deutschland GmbH (DE)

ROBERT BOSCH GmbH (DE)

Filtronic Broadband Ltd (GB)

Plasma Antennas Ltd (GB)

STMicroelectronics (CH)

OPERATORS

Deutsche Telekom AG (DE)*

DOCOMO Communications Laboratories

Europe GmbH (DE)

EE Limited (GB)*

SK Telekom (KR)

TELECOM ITALIA S.p.A. (IT)

VODAFONE Group Plc (GB)*

INSTITUTES,

GOVERNMENT

Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et

aux énergies alternatives (FR)

FBConsulting S.A.R.L. (LU)

French Ministry of Economy, Industry

and Digital Affairs (FR)

IMEC

Layer123 (GB)

National Physical Laboratory (GB)

Xona Partners* Founding Members

5

Slide 6of 120

MOTIVATION OF ETSI ISG mWT

The ISG mWT aims to facilitate the use of

� V-band (57-66 GHz)

� E-band (71-76 & 81-86 GHz)

� and in the future higher frequency bands (from 90 GHz up to 300 GHz )

for large volume applications in the back-hauling and front-hauling to support mobile network implementation, wireless local loop and any other service benefitting from high speed wireless transmission.

The mWT ISG aims to be a worldwide initiative with global reach

FDD

10010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

6 11 13 15 18 23 26 38 71 – 86 GHz7/8 42 GHz 50 55 57 – 66 GHz28 32 92 – 95 GHz

110

Millimetre Wave(50GHz~300GHz)

Traditional Bands

(6~42GHz)

[ ITU-R Frequency Channel Arrangements]

6

17/07/2016

4

Slide 7of 120

TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE ISGmWT (1)

ISG mWT intends to address the whole industry value chain with emphasis on:

• Current and future regulations and licensing schemes for the use of suitable

spectrum in different countries

• Putting in communication the whole industry chain to share and circulate

public information regarding the applications in field in order to favor faster

and more effective decisions on investments needed to provide new

technologies, features and equipment

• Influencing standards for the deployment of the products

• Enhancing the confidence of all stakeholders and the general public in the use

of millimetre wave technologies

7

Slide 8of 120

The purpose of the ISG mWT is to provide a platform and opportunity for

companies, organizations and any other stakeholder involved in the microwave and

millimetre wave industry chain to exchange technical information as follows:

• Sharing pure technical information (i.e. on trials aimed at propagation channel

model verification, interference simulation,..) in order to prepare White Papers

and Presentations to increase the level of confidence by the operators worldwide

in the use of millimeter-waves and

• Making it possible for all stakeholders involved in the industry to obtain the latest

technical information including latest research results, promoting cooperation

and technical progress but always avoiding commercial issues and always under

compliance with the relevant competition laws.

TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE ISG mWT (2)

8

17/07/2016

5

Slide 9of 120

ISG mWT Completed Activities

� Maturity and field proven experience of millimetre- wave transmission Ericsson

� Applications and use cases of millimetre-wave trans mission DT

� Overview on V-band and E-band worldwide regulations Nokia

� V-band street level interference analysis Huawei(products compliant with ETSI TM4 Fixed Services Ha rmonized standards)

� Millimetre-wave semiconductor Industry technology s tatus and evolution Infineon

� Antennas RFS

� 5G spectrum usage ISG mWT

9

Slide 10of 120

ISG mWT - PUBLICATIONS

10

17/07/2016

6

Slide 11of 120

ISG mWT Activities

� Study of new frequency bands above 90 GHz Huawei

� Active Antennas, beam moving antennas Commscope

� V-band street level interference analysis Huawei (new standards as compromise between Fixed Services and Short Range Devices used for outdoor backhaul)

� ISG mWT view on V/E-band regulations Vodafone

� Band and Carrier Aggregation NokiaHolistic view on how to use the spectrum for backha ul and front-haul

� SDN Huawei Applications and use cases of Software Defined Netw orking (SDN) as related to millimetre Wave Transmission

11

Slide 12

of 120

Area Traffic

Capacity

10 Mbps/m2

Ultra DenseTera Cell

Connections

1,000KConnections

/ Km2

Mobility

500km/hHigh-speed

railway

Throughput

10Gbps/ connection

Latency

1 msE2E

Latency

5G

100Mbps 10K 350Km/h30~50ms Small Cells

LTEG

AP 30~50x 100x 100x 1.5x Densification

DIVERSIFIED CHALLENGES AND GAPS FOR 5G

17/07/2016

7

Slide 13of 120

Original BW 4096QAM XPIC L2, L3 Compression

400 Mbps

600Mbps

Up to 1.2Gbps

Up to 2Gbps

010101010101

12

b

i

t

s

01010101

8 bits

4096QAMPayloadID

PayloadFrame headFrame head

Compression

XPIC

Up to 4Gbps

MIMO

or

Channel Aggregation

Improve spectrum efficiency

• Increase modulation schemes (Adaptive Coding Modulation, Adaptive bandwidth)

• L2, L3 Header compression

• Cross polarization

• Line of Sight MIMO

How to meet the demand of the capacity increase

� Limited benefits by increasing modulations

� Installation complexity for MIMO

Tradional frequency bands

• 7 to 23 GHz, hop length >5 km

• Crowded spectrum

• Channels max 55 MHz

(in practice less, i.e. 28 MHz in Inda)

• 26 to 42 GHz, hop length <5 km

13

Slide 14of 120

How to meet the demand of the capacity increase

Increase channel width• Traditional microwave bands

• Band and Carrier aggregation

(i.e. 18 or 23 GHz + e-band)

• 112/224 MHz

• Go to millimeter-wave

• E-band (10 Gbit/s per carrier NOW)

• D-Band

� In order to use larger channels it is necessary to improve

spectrum efficiency at geographical level for higher channel

re-usability (antenna directivity, null-forming, ATPC, ..)

� Faster and cheaper way to increase capacity, coping with

hop length limitations

� Technology innovation to increase distances

Source : Huawei

46%

24%

20%

10%

0-3km 3-5km 5-10km >10km

90% of distances is less than 10km Network topology change• Network densification

• RAN sharing and operators consolidation

• Fiber penetration from core to edge

‘’Shorter networks’’ and shorter hops

• wireless backhaul pushed at the periphery

• Star topologies from the fiber aggregation point

New network

topology drive

backhaul to the

higher part of

the spectrum

14

17/07/2016

8

Slide 15of 120

Network Densification

Millimeter-wave in Urban Environment

Small Cell Backhaul

� Macro to Street-Level

� Form factor must be suitable for Small Cell

� Traffic from a few Small Cells may be aggregated

� Street-Level to Street-Level� Links will often be almost parallel to each other

� LoS may be challenging in urban environment

Macro Backhaul and Aggregation

� Roof-top to Roof-top� Traditional planning, co-located with Macro

� Part of Macro Backhaul

E-band (71 to 76 - 81 to 86 GHz)

V-band (57 to 66 GHz)

15

Slide 16of 120

Backhaul - MW and mmW Frequency Bands use

� 7/8 and 15 GHz decreasing, 18/23 GHz increasing,very strong regional variation and cyclic effect

� 38 GHz stable, replaceable by e-band and/or other near-by band

� Low volumes in 28, 32 and 42 GHz

� V-Band negligible volume so far (<15 M$),E-band volume fast increasing (>130 M$)

� Total worldwide number of links currently in operation at more than 4.5 Million

Source SkyLight Research

6 GHz, 6.4%

7/8 GHz,

16.6%

10/11 GHz,

6.7%

13 GHz, 7.4%15 GHz,

19.4%

18 GHz,

13.5%

23 GHz,

13.5%24/25 GHz,

0.3%

26 GHz,

3.0%

28/32 GHz ,

1.5%

38/42 GHz,

8.7%

V-Band,

0.2%

E-Band,

1.1%

Millimeter-wave around 4% of total market in 2015

FDD

10010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

6 11 13 15 18 23 26 38 71 – 86 GHz7/8 42 GHz 50 55 57 – 66 GHz28 32 92 – 95 GHz

Existingdeployments

Forecastdeployments

6 (5925-7125) MEDIUM MEDIUM7/8 (7125-8500) HIGH HIGH

10 (10-10.68) LOW UNCERTAIN11 (10.7-11.7) MEDIUM MEDIUM

13 (12.75-13.25) MEDIUM MEDIUM15 (14.4-15.35) HIGH HIGH18 (17.7-19.7) HIGH HIGH23 (21.2-23.6) HIGH HIGH26 (24.5-26.5) MEDIUM MEDIUM28 (27.5-29.5) LOW UNCERTAIN32 (31.8-33.4) LOW UNCERTAIN38 (37-39.5) HIGH MEDIUM

42 (40.5-43.5) VERY LOW UNCERTAIN48 (48.5-50.2) NOTHING NOTHING52 (51.4-52.6) NOTHING NOTHING55 (55.78-57) NOTHING NOTHING

V-band (57-66) VERY LOW HIGHE-band (71-76, 81-86) LOW HIGH

16

17/07/2016

9

Slide 17of 120

E-band & V-band Licensing Worldwide

V-band

V-BAND LICENSES

Individual

Licensing

Light

Licensing

Block

Assignment

License

Exempt

Current

Desired

Work in

progress in

ISG mWT

Green �Open

Red � Closed

Blue �Under Review

Grey �No info

E-band

E-BAND LICENSES

Individual

Licensing

Light

Licensing

Block

Assignment

License

Exempt

Current

Desired

17

Slide 18of 120

Above 90 GHz

� Very high capacity backhaul / Front-haul� Fixed Wireless Access

H2O

O2

O2

H2O

6L/6U

Traditional Radio Link

10010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

11 13 15 18 23 26 38 71GHz - 86GHz7/8 40 - 43 52 55 57 - 64 (TDD)

28 32

200110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 300210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290

191.8GHz - 275GHz92 GHz – 114.5 GHz 130 GHz – 174.8 GHz

Frequency Bands

92-94

94.1-95

95-100

102-109.5

111.8-114.25

122,25 - 123

130-134

141-148.5

151.5-164

167-174.8

191.8-200

209-226

231.5-235

W-Band

D-Band

18

17/07/2016

10

Slide 19of 120

Backhaul Spectrum considerations

Need for a holistic and more modern approach

� All discussions about allocation of spectrum for 5G must consider the needs of the

operators for backhaul, current (3 and 4G) and future (5G) from rural to dense urban

� Self-backhaul, the same radio access technology for both access and backhaul with dynamic sharing of the

spectrum resources

� Backhaul with a separated network

� The allocation of spectrum for 5G cannot be separated by the allocation of sufficient

and suitable spectrum to deploy the backhaul network

� Operators when awarded spectrum for access should get enough spectrum to deploy the backahul network

� Regulations to favor spectrum efficiency, control of interference, easy planning

� Necessity of new, holistic approach to backhaul spectrum

� Bands and Channels Aggregation (i.e. 18/23 GHz + e-band)

Aggregation of licenced and license-exempt bands

� Wider channels (>200 MHz) at centimeter-wave

19

Slide 20

of 120

PRIMARY AND COMPLEMENTARY BANDS FOR 5G

Cell SizeMacro Small Ultra Small

WRC19

10 50403020 60 8070 90 GHz

Different channel characteristics from sub 6GHz

1 542 63

Cellular

Bands

Complementary bands for additional capacityPrimary bands

Group 30

• 24.25 - 27.5 GHz• 31.8 - 33.4 GHz

Group 40

• 37.0 - 40.5 GHz• 40.5 - 42.5 GHz• 42.5 - 43.5 GHz

Group 50

• 45.5 - 47 GHz• 47.0 - 47.2 GHz• 47.2 - 50.2 GHz• 50.4 - 52.6 GHz

Group 80

• 66 - 76 GHz• 81 - 86 GHz

17/07/2016

11

Slide 21

of 120

5G CM/MMW TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES

Research challenges

� Propagation channel model

� Architecture complexity vs performance to

properly fit application scenarios

High Speed Mobility

Multi User-Massive MIMO

� Antenna array technologies

� Integrated multi-channel mmw

components

� Phase-shifters, RF filters

� Digital beam-forming, channel

estimation and tracking

algorithms

� Power efficient ADC/DAC

Slide 22of 120

BAND AND CARRIER AGGREGATION

� Combine the advantages of two bands

with significant differences in propagation

characteristics and licensing approaches

� Extend coverage of E-Band applications

� Service and capacity aware planning

Dual Band Link 15/18/23 GHz + E-Band

“in all Vodafone Countries we have limited spectrum assets in

some specific Microwave bands (6-42 GHz): such limitations

prevent Vodafone to deploy links with channels larger than 28

MHz. Such limitation has been solved for short urban links

(below 2 km) by moving to E-band spectrum but this is not

sufficient to address limitations we have on microwave bands

below 30 GHz.

We see BCA applied to 1 microwave band + E-band as a perfect

solution to address spectrum limitations for links in the range 2

to 6-7 km”

Industry discussion

on dual band

antenna to save

tower costs

22

17/07/2016

12

Slide 23of 120

E-Band maturity – Technology and Industry

� Planning and engineering

� E-band links to be RF-planned (availability) with the same tools and methods used in the

traditional microwave bands

� Confirmed by several recorded trials around the world in different rain regions ITU-R

prediction models are accurate at e-band

� Not affected by other atmospheric phenomema (fog, hail, snow)

� same considerations valid for the traditional microwave frequencies

� Network deployments

� Many massive deployments around the world for the 4G backhaul

� E-band advantages

� Reduced interference for high density (links/km2) with high frequency re-use

� Very high capacity (up to 10 Gbit/s)

� Hop lenghts similar to 38 GHz (99.995%)

� New concepts available to increase hop lengths23

Slide 24of 120

mmW maturity – Technology and Industry

E-band very rich technology and

industry ecosystem

� mm-wave components

� Antenna

� Modem, ADC/DAC

� System / products

<2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Only one chipset(GaAs early foundry process)

Several GaAs vendors(improved foundry processes)

GaAs performance improvement

SiGe SoC introduction

Parabolic antennas Flat antennasFPGA, ADC/DAC(limited speed)

ASIC, ADC/DAC(very fast speed)

1st Generation<1Gbit/s, BPSK

Low performance

2nd Generation2Gbit/s, 64 QAM4Gbit/s, 128 QAM

High performance

3rd Generation 10Gbit/s, 256 QAM

improved performance

What’s next?

V-band benefitting from the mass

volume market of HDMI Wireless

and WiGig (802.11ad, ay)

� RFCMOS components/Antenna

� Baseband processing

24

17/07/2016

13

Slide 25of 120

Dense urban environments

� clear LOS conditions are not always found because of obstacles

or could be time-variable

� Installation exploiting non carrier grade infrastructure

(i.e. lamposts, urban furniture, ..)

� Easy and fast rollout (self-alignment, self-configuration,

self-optimization,..)

mmW – What’s next?

New Systems and new features

� near/Non-Line of Sight (n/NLoS) @mmW (i.e V-band)

� MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint Self Organized Networks

� Antenna, Beam-steering/Beam-forming

� Automatic beam alignment to reduce TCO

� Automatic beam tracking (overcome swaying of poles)

� n/NLoS coordinated multipoint systems in v-band

h1

h2

h

Direct ray is oftentotally shadowed(non-LoS propagation)(Multiple ) reflectedInterferes are possible

Diffracted ‘main’ ray

Diffracted/reflectedinterferer

D1D

Potential impacts on standards and regulations

� Standards for active, re-configurable antennas

� Co-existence (outdoor) between Fixed Services

and Short Range Devices in the V-band

� Proper licensing schemes to better fit

applications 25

Slide 26of 120

V-Band Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul

Coexistence between FS and SRD

System Parameters:� PtP (FS) only

� 200 link/km2 density

� 64-QAM (1 Gbps in 200 MHz)

� Antenna� GAnt = 32 & 38 dBi

� Class 2

� ATPC and DFS ON

� Simulation tool SEAMCAT®

Systems compliant with ETSI Standards for Fixed Services

(EN 302 217-3 and EN 302 217-4-2) can be deployed in

urban environment at street level with very high density up

to 200 links/ km2, under license exempt regime

� 10 RF Channels are enough to keep the average link below an

acceptable 1% probability of being interfered

7.53

%

3.71

%

1.73

%

0.85

%

0.35

%

0.29

%

1.01

%

0.58

%

0.21

%

0.11

%

0.06

%

0.04

%

-1.0%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

1 2 5 10 35 45

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

Inte

rfe

ren

ce

ab

ov

e C

/I f

igu

re

Number of RF Channels

64-QAM - 32dBi

The analysis, in progress, shows that

interference is quite sensitive to

� Antenna specs (gain and RPE mask)

� Numbers of channels and Dynamic

Frequency Selection (DFS)

� EIRP and Automatic Transmit Power Control

(ATPC)

� Spectral mask limits and NFD (Net Filter

Discrimination)

Necessity to find compromise

between FS and SRD

standards in order to exploit

WiGig RF components

26

17/07/2016

14


APPLICATIONS AND USE CASES OF MM-WAVE TRANSMISSIONPresented by Dimitris Siomos

Wireless Backhaul Expert

DT TAI-MAC BACKHAUL STRATEGY|COSMOTE

For the ETSI mWT ISG Workshop

@ EuMW 2016 Conference, WF09

Friday, 7th of October 2016, London, UK



WF09

Mobile & Fixed Broadband Landscape

Additional Transmission Applications

Millimetre Wave Spectrum Properties & Benefits

Enablers for Millimetre Wave Transmission

Moving to Millimetre Wave Spectrum

Innovative Millimetre Wave Transmission

Application

Future Millimetre Wave Applications

Summary

CONTENTS

Slide 28

of 120

17/07/2016

15

Slide 29of 120

Constant Increase of User Traffic – Increasing number of connected

Devices

Mobile Market Forecast @ 20211

9.1 billion mobile subscriptions (5% CAGR vs. 2015)

6.4 billion smartphone subscriptions (10% CAGR vs. 2015)

51 EB/month mobile data traffic (45% CAGR vs. 2015)

70% of all mobile data traffic from video

15 billion out of a total forecast of 28 billion connected devices will be M2M &

consumer electronic devices

1Based on Ericsson Mobility Report November 2015

Slide 30of 120

RAN evolution (lTE-A/LTE-A PRO)

Carrier Aggregation

Small Cells

Dual Connectivity HO MIMO

CoMPeICIC/FeICIC

Key Considerations

• High RAN capacity demands (nxGbps)

• Low packet delay (a few ms, e.g. for cell site-to-site connectivity)

• Network synchronization• Increasing network density• In-clutter deployment, faster TTM,

difficult radio propagation conditions (e.g. for small cell layer)

• Improve TCO

17/07/2016

16

Slide 31of 120

Envisioned Usage Scenarios for 2020+1

1Based on Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0 (09/2015)

Key Considerations

• Ultra-high RAN capacity demands (>10Gbps)2

• Ultra-low packet delay (e.g. <1ms for e2e connectivity)2

• Network synchronization• Very high network density• Network agility• Optimum TCO

Slide 32of 120

Fixed broadband

Fixed Market Forecast @ 20211

150 EB/month fixed data traffic (20%

CAGR vs. 2015)

Key Considerations

• Lack of fiber/right of way (esp. last hop)

• Rising capacity demands (Gigabit level)

• In-clutter deployment• nLOS/NLOS radio propagation

conditions• Rapid TTM (w.r.t. Gigabit

capacity)• Very competitive TCO

1Based on Ericsson Mobility Report November 2015

17/07/2016

17

Slide 33of 120

Additional TRANSMISSION Applications1

1Based on the ETSI ISG mWT WI2 GS paper (DGS/mWT-002)

TV Signal Relay

Redundant NetworkSpecial Events, Public Safety

Video Surveillance Backhaul

…the list is

limitless

TRANSMISSION APPLICATIONS PANORAMA1

Capacity Form Factor TTM Spectrum Fee2

Rooftop-to-

Rooftop

LOS PtP

Rooftop-to-

Street

LOS/nLOS/NLOS

PtP/MPtMP

Street-to-Street

LOS/nLOS/NLOS

PtP/MPtMP

Macro-Cell BH nx Gbps Baseline Baseline Important X

Small-Cell BH GbpsVery

ImportantVery Important Very Important X X

FBB-WttH GbpsVery

ImportantVery Important Very Important X

FBB-WttC 10Gbps Important Baseline Important X

5G

Transmissionnx 10Gbps

w.r.t. to

deployment

layer

Very Important

(w.r.t. business

case)

Important

(w.r.t. to

business case)

X X X

1Based on the ETSI ISG mWT WI2 GS paper (DGS/mWT-002)2This is part of TCO and varies per country and frequency band

17/07/2016

18

Slide 35of 120

TRANSMISSIOn APPLICATIONS REQUIREMENTS & EXPECTATIONS

High Performanc

e

Network Densificatio

n

Fast TTM

Easy Deployment & Operation

Minimum TCO

Synergies

APPLICATIONS CO-

EXISTENCE

35

Slide 36of 120

Millimetre Wave Spectrum Properties & Benefits

36

17/07/2016

19

Slide 37of 120

Enablers for Millimetre Wave Spectrum

Technology

Multi-Gigabit Capacity Sub-ms Latency Network Density

TCO

TTM & TCO are mWT enablers w.r.t.:Local spectrum licensing (regulation, fees)No fibre or too costly/time consuming to deployInadequate/too expensive spectrum at MW bands

GenericEnablers

TTM

LocalEnablers

Spectrum De-

Congestion

37

Slide 38of 120

Moving to Millimetre Wave Spectrum

MW & mmW technologies are used to serve urban (short-haul), sub-urban (medium-haul) & rural (long-haul) transmission applicationsBy leveraging E-band technology advantages, LTE-A backhaul requirements are satisfied:

• In urban environment (esp. in aggregation sites), enough MW BW is sometimes difficult to be licensed

• There are cases, where E-band link provides 1Gbps BH capacity at significantly lower spectrum cost vs. MW 2+0 (56MHz) link

V-band technology (where spectrum is licensed) fits perfect in high-speed, very short-range applications (incl. street-level transmission), benefiting also from zero spectrum fees (in certain countries)

38

17/07/2016

20

INNOVATIVE MILLIMETRE WAVE TRANSMISSION

APPLICATION

DT Group completed frequency bands aggregation field PoC for multi-

gigabit backhaul (Athens, Greece, February 2016)

E-band high-speed transmission and traditional MW link carrier grade

availability at “stretched” ranges, namely beyond typical E-band reach

Boost capacity & increase coverage: >[email protected]

Extend E-Band scope of applicability: Sub-urban deployment scenarios

Typical alignment time

1st E-band +

18GHz BCA PoC

in the world

Slide 40of 120

FUTURE MWT Applications

5G wireless transmission technologies will have to satisfy the unprecedented mobile traffic growth (>10Gbps) & increased network capacity/deployment density (10Mbps/km2)1

Frequency bands >90GHz look further promising to fulfill the aforementioned targets (ITU has allocated spectrum up to 200GHz for Fixed Services)

W-band (92-114.5 GHz, >17GHz BW) & D-band (130-174.8 GHz, >31GHz BW) seem now the most prominent ones to serve future ultra high-capacity & highly dense backhaul (under study in ETSI mWT ISG, as well)

1Based on Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0 (09/2015)40

17/07/2016

21

SUMMARY

As world becomes more digital, transmission applications will co-

exist, hence top-class performance transmission technologies

that favour efficiently dense architectures are vital

E-band & V-band spectrum technologies are mature enough to

provide multi-Gigabit throughput, low latency, dense & scalable

network deployment

Innovative mWT solutions (e.g. frequency BCA) & development of

frequency bands above >90GHz (W-band, D-band, etc.) shall

further serve future applications demands

Slide 41

of 120

Slide 42of 120

”Applications & USE CASES of mwt”

ETSI GS Paper (DTAG rapporteur)

Available for download from the ETSI mWT

portal (DGS/mWT-002) :

http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/mWT/001_0

99/002/01.01.01_60/gs_mWT002v010101p.pdf

42

17/07/2016

22

© ETSI 2016. All rights reservedPresented by Pietro Nava Huawei London, Friday 7th October 2016

MILLIMETRE-WAVE TRANSMISSIONV-BAND STREET LEVEL INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS



WF09

Current presentation is extracted from the Group

Specification on white paper

ETSI GS mWT 004 V1.1.1 (2016-06) - millimetre Wave

Transmission (mWT); V-band street level interference

analysis

prepared by the ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) on

millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT).

V-BAND STREET LEVEL INTERFERENCE

Slide 44

of 120

17/07/2016

23

HIGHLIGHTS

The use of 57-66 GHz band (so called V-band ), due to

characteristics propagation (high specific attenuation) and

licensing regime (generally unlicensed ) is felt attractive for

several applications, but implies specific considerations for

planning and use.

In particular, the possibility to use this band for backhaul with

sufficient performance level needs to be investigated.

The present document is intended to provide general

considerations and guidance in relation with this application.


Slide 45

of 120

Generic considerations for V-band

High oxygen absorption (attenuation / length) reduces level

of interference facilitating frequency reuse.

Licensing regimes (not link-by-link based) imply that it is not

generally possible to guarantee interference free links, since

nature and characteristics of interferers can be unknown.

Even in the case of block license for FS use, proper

interference analyzes cannot be guaranteed, since other

unknown services may use the band in same locations.

In relation with the block size, there is a need to evaluate

possible exploitable link density to guarantee expected

performance level.


Slide 46

of 120

17/07/2016

24

Technical characterization

Link calculation has been executed for equipment with different

modulation schemes :QPSK, 16 QAM and 64QAM .

Equipment characteristics based on Standard ETSI EN 302 217:

Transmitter (Tx) power = +10 dBm

Channel size: 200 MHz Channels.

Availability 99.9 ; 99.99%

Rain rate : 30, 42, 60 mm/h

Antenna gain : 32 and 38 dBi, ETSI RPE classes 1 - 2


Rx Thr

dBm

C/I

1 dB degr

C/I

3 dB degr

QPSK -65,5 31 15

64 QAM -52,5 38 29

Slide 47

of 120

Slide 48of 120

V-Band street level interference

Link planning examples

:depending on system parameter and requirements , different link length can be achieved

Fig.1 : Examples for different availability are shown (99.9%, 99.99%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Fade

Marg

in (d

B)

Max length (km)

Necessary Fade Margin vs Hop Length

Avail.FM (Case 1): 200 MHz Ch. - QPSK - TX: 4 dBm - Ant.: 32/32 dB -Losses: 0 dB - Thr.: -65.5 dBm

Avail.FM (Case 2): 200 MHz Ch. - 16 QAM - TX: 4 dBm - Ant.: 32/32 dB -Losses: 0 dB - Thr.: -58.5 dBm


Nec.FM (Case 2) - Freq.: 65 GHz - Rain: 42 mm/h - Pol.: V - Obj.: 99.9 % - Gas Attenuation : 4.1 dB/km



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 400 500

Fade

Marg

in (d

B)

Max length (km)








48

17/07/2016

25

Slide 49of 120


Link planning examples :depending on system parameter and requirements ,

different link length can be achieved

Fig.2 : Examples for different antenna gains are shown, 32 dB and 38 dBi

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Fade

Marg

in (d

B)

Max length (km)








0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Fade

Marg

in (d

B)

Max length (km)








Slide 50of 120


example of link length calculations vs

modulation, rain rate, antenna diameter,

frequency and availability

17/07/2016

26

Slide 51of 120


Interference

Depending on antenna RPE and gain, different interference areas and protection

distances can be derived

Fig.3 : Examples for different antenna gains are shown : 32 dB and 38 dBi

Slide 52of 120


Road geometry: interference analyses was undertaken, using same RF CH for interference and victim

Fig.4 : Different road geometries used : crossing and no crossing links

βα

DELTA

Wid

th H

P1

P2

InterferenceI

A

DC

B

17/07/2016

27

Conclusions on the geometrical approach

The results of simulations based on road geometry with one

interferer and one victim links, using both the same RF

channel, shows that difficulties can be expected, especially

for using high modulation schemes (higher than 64QAM),

due to the insufficient level of C/I values in relation with road

geometry.

Sufficient level of performance can be reached, in general, on

condition that more channels are available, possibly with

some migration mechanism in place, like Dynamic Frequency

Selection (DFS) and/or Adaptive Transmitter Power Control

(ATPC) to help to reduce interference level.


Slide 53

of 120

Slide 54of 120


Interference for generic case : calculations made by SEAMCAT

Percentage of links affected by high interference (based on C/I) for a specified network density was

computed for different cases, with random distribution of links for length, directions , center frequencies

Network density : 200 links/km2, leading to 8 interferers in 113m radius area around a victim

Equipment and antennas ; same as for geometric calculations

For each computed value, 20000 single simulated trials

have been used, giving interference percentage

estimation over about 160000 cases; resulting values

should be understood as worst cases.

Figure 5 : example of one (of 20 000) simulated trial,

showing the victim link and the disposition of the 8

interferer links, with Tx placed around victim Rx (yellow

diamond)

17/07/2016

28

Example of results

Figure 6 : Probability

of interference

computed vs

available number of

channels

In general, probability of interference decreases with:

- high number of available channels

- low modulation index

- higher antenna gain

-higher antenna class


Slide 55

of 120

Summary of results – antenna class 2


Slide 56

of 120

17/07/2016

29

Summary of results – antenna class 2 /class 1 comparison


Slide 57

of 120

Slide 58of 120


Conclusions- Increasing the number of available channels allows to quickly reduce interference (increase links density): with 200 links / km2, transmission of 1 Gbit/s in a 200/400 MHz Channel with small antennas, (≈ 20 cm -32 dBi gain), can be supported if 1- 2 GHz BW are available.- In same conditions, 2% interference target is met with some margin with adoption of DFS;interference control mechanisms, like ATPC, allow achieving further improvements.- Use of a bigger antenna (38 dBi gain) reduces the interference to about 0,2 %, while use of ETSI class 1 antennas (instead of class 2) increases by about 3 times the required spectrum for same interference.

The analysis confirms that ETSI requirements for equipment and antennas are appropriate to allow high transmission capacity with low probability of interference even in unlicensed regime, with the expected network density for today and in next mid future. On condition that other systems intending to use same band could adopt similar solutions, coexistence of different systems appear possible up to relatively high link densities.

17/07/2016

30

© ETSI 2016. All rights reservedPresented by Jyri Putkonen Nokia Bell Labs London, Friday 7th October 2016

GLOBAL REGULATIONS STATUS OF THE 60 AND 80 GHZ BANDS



WF09

Slide 60of 120

Slide 60of 120

Introduction

Spectrum Regulation is a fundamental aspect enabling

technology deployments

V-band and E-band technologies have been available

since some years

V-band and E-band spectrum Regulations are not in place

everywhere and present a fragmented approach

worldwide

This presentation provides ETSI Industry Specification

Group on millimetre Wave Transmission (ISG mWT) view

on most suitable V-band and E-band regulations.

60

17/07/2016

31

Slide 61of 120

SPECTRUM REGULATION

Definitions & current status

61

Slide 62of 120

There are 4 possible Licensing regimes (*)

Coordination (Interference check)

License regime

Coordinated (by Admin)

Self-coordinated(by Licensee)

Uncoordinated(Nobody)

Individuallicensing

This is the conventional link-by-link coordination. This is currently the most used method for P-P links networks

Light licensing

This refers to a link-by-link coordination, under Licensee responsibility. This model has a “first come first served” approach.

Block allocation

Block assignment might be made through licensing or

through public auction. This is most common when FWA

(P-MP) is concerned

License exempt

No frequency planning / coordination. No registration nor notification

(*) According to ECC Report 80

62

17/07/2016

32

Slide 63of 120

Each Licensing regime has its pros & cons

License regime

Pros Cons

Individuallicensing

• Interference-management is guaranteed

• Limits overbooking and abuse of spectrum (due to spectrum costs)

• Typically more expensive• Longer time for spectrum acquisition

Light licensing

• Typically low-cost spectrum fees• Shorter time for spectrum acquisition

• Interference-management is not guaranteed in case of misuse

• Efficient spectrum usage is not guaranteed in case of abuse

Block allocation

• Coordination of spectrum not needed

• No “wait” time for spectrum acquisition

• Cost can only be attractive with large deployments

• Inefficient use of spectrum resource• Cost can be unaffordable with limited

deployment

License exempt

• No spectrum fees• No “wait” time for spectrum

acquisition

• Interference-management is not guaranteed

63

Slide 64of 120

V-band Regulation is super fragmented (*)

(*) Information from ETSI ISG mWT White Paper “E-Band and V-Band - Survey on status of worldwide regulation” – June 2015, ISBN No. 979-10-92620-06-1

V-band spectrum framework

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

57-66 GHz - Frequency band fragmentation- # Cases

#2

# 11

#2

# 19

#9

#3

#10

#3

#17

#3

#1

#1

#1

#1

V-band allocation is fragmented around the World

• Spectrum is not open in several countries• Band allocation is fragmented• All possible licensing regimes are used

• Regulation is threatening V-band usage

Global Licensing Schemes Distribution of V-band

Licensed

Individual licensing

Light licensing

Block assignment

Block or individual

Unlicensed

Unknown

All 4 Licensing regimes are widely used

64

17/07/2016

33

Slide 65of 120

E-band Regulation is quite consistent (*)

E-band spectrum framework E-band spectrum is accessi ble worldwide

FCC

ECC

Open ClosedUnder review

• Spectrum is open in several countries• Band allocation is quite similar• Individual & Light licensing regimes are

typically adopted

• Regulation is quite consistent worldwide, with spectrum fee issues in certain Countries

2 Licensing regimes are widely used

Individual licensing

Light licensing

Block assignment

Unlicensed

Block or individual

Unknown

(*) Information from ETSI ISG mWT White Paper “E-Band and V-Band - Survey on status of worldwide regulation” – June 2015, ISBN No. 979-10-92620-06-1

65

Slide 66of 120

ISG MWT VIEW ON E-BAND

Most suitable Spectrum Regulations

66

17/07/2016

34

Slide 67of 120

View for E-band

Coordination

License regime




Individuallicensing YES

Light licensing YES

Block allocation NOLicense exempt NO

This is in line with “Coordinated” spectrum approach

• defined by ECC and FCC regulations worldwide

• already implemented by majority of National Regulations

67

Slide 68of 120

Why Individual or Light Licensing?

Baseline is the need to guarantee coordination among

Operators for applications delivering “basic connectivity

service”

This is traditionally achieved with Individual Licensing

However Light Licensing is a good alternative

• Allowing lower spectrum fees & shorter time for spectrum

acquisition

“Individual” and “Light” licensing could also coexist in

different portions of the band

68

17/07/2016

35

Slide 69of 120

ISG MWT VIEW ON V-BAND

Most suitable Spectrum Regulations

69

Slide 70of 120

View for V-band

Coordination

License regime




Individuallicensing NO

Light licensing NO

Block allocation YESLicense exempt YES

This is in line with “Un-Coordinated” approach in case of

“License exempt”

“Block allocation” is recommended to properly address

new applications and technologies

70

17/07/2016

36

Slide 71of 120

Why License exempt or Block allocation?

License exempt is recommended because fully uncoordinated approach could be sustainable in the long term

• V-band applications have a business case very sensitive to license fees

Block allocation is instead recommended in case of

• FCC scenario (no minimum antenna gain requirement) and wider channel size – high risk of interference

• NLOS connectivity application – interference scattering polluting a wide area

• Wide angle of view beam steering antennas for self organizing meshed networks – higher interference due to higher side lobes and large steering range

• Operators applications that need to control the risk of interference

71

Slide 72of 120

How Block allocation should look like?

Block allocation sounds contradictory in a unlicensed band

However a portion of the V-band (overall 7…9 GHz or even

wider in the future) could be assigned for block allocation

• Provided that an affordable license fee regime is in place

“Light Block assignment” could be one possible way

forward

72

17/07/2016

37

Slide 73of 120

CONCLUSIONS

73

Slide 74of 120

Key aspects for identifying best Regulation

Stakeholder Key Expectation

National Administrations Efficient and effective use of the spectrum

Operators Right performances at the lowest TCO

ManufacturersApplicable everywhere with a feasible and valid

business

Application Requirements

Technology Capabilities

These are the key aspects considered by ISG mWT for identifying recommended Regulations for E-band and V-band

Hop reach Speed (Gbps) Form Factor

LOS/NLOSRooftop/Street

PtP

PtMP

MPtMP Beam steering

Beam forming NLOS

SISOMIMO

SON

SDN

1

2

3

74

17/07/2016

38

Slide 75of 120

Thank you!

75

Slide 76of 120

Authors and contributors

Rapporteur

• Mr. Paolo Agabio, Vodafone Group Plc. , [email protected]

Other Contributors

• Deutsche Telekom AG

• Ericsson AB

• Huawei Technologies

• SIAE Microelettronica SpA

• Siklu Communication Ltd.

• Nokia

76

17/07/2016

39

Slide 77

of 120© ETSI 2016. All rights reservedPresented by Jonas Hansryd Ericsson London, Friday 7th October 2016

FIELD PROVEN EXPERIENCE OF MILLIMETRE-WAVE

TRANSMISSION



WF09

Slide 78

of 120© ETSI 2016. All rights reserved

BACKGROUND

Main contributors:

•Ericsson (rapporteur)

•Nokia Networks Oy

•Alcatel-Lucent

•NEC Corporation

•Huawei Technologies

•Dragonwave

•Siklu Communication Ltd.

•Vodafone Group Plc

•Deutsche Telekom AG

•EE

•TI

http://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp10_field_proven_experience_of_mwt_20150923.pdf

The current presentation is extracted from the white paper Maturity and field

proven experience of millimetre wave transmission prepared by the ETSI Industry

Specification Group (ISG) on millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT),

17/07/2016

40

Slide 79


Extensive number of E-band and V-band field and

product trials since 2010

ETSI whitepaper describes 14 gigabit E-band and

V-band trials in different parts of the world

Takeaway: trials confirm ITU-R models for gigabit

point-to-point links up to 90 GHz under varying

weather conditions including tropical rain.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS PRESENTATION

Slide 80


Path attenuation and precipitation was

measured for two E-band links in

Sweden over five years. The results were

compared with ITU-R models

E-BAND: LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS ERICSSON

17/07/2016

41

Slide 81


E-BAND: LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS ERICSSON

Additional attenuation caused by wind/hail/snow/fog etc. was at any time less than 5dB

Strong agreement between ITU-R models and five years measured E-band path attenuation

Rain rate Fade distribution link #1 Fade distribution link #2

Slide 82


E-BAND: MONSOON TRIAL IN MUMBAI, INDIA

SIKLU

Targets:• Ease of installation

• High capacity

• Small footprint (most links deployed on

rooftops)

• Interference free band

• 99.95% availability target for the highest

capacity (1Gbps).

“Indian operator”

Da

ily r

ain

(m

m)

Ava

ila

bil

ity

“Actual performance matched the design goals, keeping ≥90% daily availability for

the 1400m link and ≥98% daily availability for the 750m link, even at the season’s

heaviest rains periods.”

17/07/2016

42

Slide 83


E-BAND: AVAILABILITY PREDICTIONS IN UK – VODAFONE & HUAWEI

• Hops with Adaptive Modulation (AM); link budgets for QPSK as

reference mode, 64QAM as nominal mode.

• 0.3 m antenna with 43.5 dBi gain

• Assumed rain intensity R0.01% (exceeded for 0.01% of the time)

35 mm/h

Measured availability

Link 3

2.15 km

2.6 km3.4 km

Link 1

Link 2

Ra

in m

m/h

Rx

pw

r, d

Bm

0

14

-68

-34

Example: March 13th-18th, 2013

Predicted Rx power

Measured Rx power

Slide 84


E-BAND: RADIO PERFORMANCE WITH ACM IN JAPAN – NEC

The maximum capacity of the link is 3.2Gbps

Rx pwr (dBm)

Rain (mm/h)

Wind (m/s)

High priority traffic was maintained also under intense rain conditions

17/07/2016

43

Slide 85


V-BAND: TRIALS IN UK - EE AND NEC

• The link path passes directly over a flat roof , with

transmission characteristics comparable to a street level

deployment (multiple reflections from flat surfaces)

• A significant percentage (32%) of fading events >9dB occurred

on days with zero rain

Even on “no rain” days, a considerable daily variation

between maximum and minimum RSL was recorded

Slide 86


V-BAND: AVAILABILITY PREDICTIONS IN UK – VODAFONE AND ERICSSON

TRIAL SETUP: 50MHz channel spacing and

modulation from 4QAM up to 256QAM

Mounting in lighting poles

• Link planning based on ITU-R P530-14 or later provided good accuracy

• Additional attenuation for surface water on the radome (e.g. 3dB loss), humidity/fog,

and wind is taken into account

14/08/2014-05/09/2014 25/09/2014-23/10/2014

Rain

Wind

Link#1

Link#2

Planned and measured availability over 273m hop:

Planned availability: 99.86%

Measured availability: 98.844%

17/07/2016

44

Slide 87


V-BAND: MAST SWAY TRIAL ERICSSON

Example: lighting pole deployment

Standard for lighting columns, EN 40-3-2:2013:

max 4% deviation of the pole height at

”maximum wind load” (3º)

Typical resonance is a few Hz for the

fundamental mode (10º/sec)

No need for mast sway compensation for

antenna gains less than 35 dBi.

1EN 40-3-2:2013, “Lighting columns - Part 3-2: Design and verification - Verification by testing”,2D. Zuo and C. Letchford, “Investigation of Wind-Induced Highway Lightning Pole Vibration Using Full-Scale Measurements”, 2008,

Slide 88


V-BAND: MAST SWAY TRIAL ERICSSON

170 m link at 60 GHz

High robustness to mast sway

17/07/2016

45

Slide 89


E-BAND MATURITYPLANNING AND DEPLOYMENTS - EXAMPLE 1

E-band links are availability planned with the

same methods as in the traditional microwave

bands.

280 Mbps, 99.975%

4475 Mbps, 99.98%

Average capacity: 4474.7 Mbps

O2 arena

ExCeL

Slide 90


E-BAND MATURITYPLANNING AND DEPLOYMENTS - EXAMPLE 2

280 Mbps, 99.975%

4197 Mbps, 99.3%

Average capacity: 4188 Mbps

Tower Bridge ExCeL7.1 km

E-band links are availability planned with the

same methods as in the traditional microwave

bands.

17/07/2016

46

Slide 91


CONCLUSIONS

Slide 92


Planning and engineering

• E-band links to be RF-planned (availability) with the same tools and methods used in the traditional

microwave bands

• ITU-R prediction models are accurate at E-band and V-band

• Not affected by fog, hail, or snow, same considerations valid as for the traditional microwave

frequencies

Network deployments

• Massive deployments around the world for 4G backhaul

• A number of product trials has been done in India

• E-band advantages

• Very high capacity (up to 10 Gbit/s)

• Hop lenghts similar to 38 GHz (99.995%)

• New concepts are available to increase hop lengths and use the spectrum more efficiently e.g.

dual band aggregation

CONCLUSIONS

17/07/2016

47


Template to be used for ETSI external presentations in format 16/9 – please modify red text and delete this text box

Presented by Nader Zein Vice Chair ETSI mWT and NEC Europe Ltd London,



WF09

ABOVE 90GHZ SPECTRUM ALLOCATION AND APPLICATIONS SCENARIOS


Slide 94

of 120

Background and Motivation

Spectrum above 90 GHz allocation & Regulation

Characteristics of the D-Band

Use Cases examples and applications

Requirements for future applications in the W-

band D-band

Example Channel arrangements plan under

consideration

Conclusion

OUTLINE

17/07/2016

48


BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION


Slide 96

of 120

WHY ABOVE 90 GHZ BANDS?

Transport of capacities in the order of 1 to more than 10 Gbit/s (40 Gbit/s can be found), depending on section of network,

are often referred to in literature, and are expected to represent a reasonable target.

Possibility of allowing more than 1 operator (3 – 4) in same geographical context is also desirable, at least in most real

situations.

Due to this high capacity demand, need of proper modulation schemes have to be considered as a priority, to allow that

available BW is sufficient.

Efficient use of spectrum should be pursued, according to the RED directive.

Current technology allows transport of 1Gbit/s in a Channel size of about 250 MHz, with modulation in the order of 128

QAM. Capacity demand can require aggregating channels for at least 500MHz to a 2GHz BW.

Current High capacity commercial systems in the E-band have the following specifications and capabilities:

• Capacity up to 6Gbps using Dual Polarization Multiplexing

• Modulation up to 256QAM

• Channel Separation 250MHz / 500MHz

• Efficiency up to 12bps/Hz

• Link Distance up to 1.5km (Depends on the antenna size and required availability)

These do not meet the requirements for the foreseen future applications and use cases. Hence the systems in the D-band must

be able to support the new use cases requirements as we will see later

17/07/2016

49


SPECTRUM ABOVE 90 GHZ ALLOCATION & REGULATION


Slide 98

of 120

FUTURE MMWAVE SPECTRUM ABOVE 90 GHZ

� Very high capacity backhaul / Front-haul

� Fixed Wireless Access

H2O

O2

O2

H2O

6L/6U

Traditional Radio Link

10010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

11 13 15 18 23 26 38 71GHz - 86GHz7/8 40 - 43 52 55 57 - 64

(TDD)

28 32

200110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 300210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290

191.8GHz - 275GHz92 GHz – 114.5 GHz 130 GHz – 174.8 GHz

Frequency Bands

92-94

94.1-95

95-100

102-109.5

111.8-114.25

122,25 - 123

130-134

141-148.5

151.5-164

167-174.8

191.8-200

209-226

231.5-235

W-Band

D-Band

17/07/2016

50


Slide 99

of 120

REGULATORY STATE OF THE ART (1)

W and D band, are already considered in the Table of Frequency Allocations issued by the ITU

Current bands allocation between 92 and 200GHz, is common for all the three ITU regions

This aspect will facilitate the market penetration of any solution made available on the market covering

these bands

There are 10 different portions of spectrum (when considered aggregated some contiguous portions), from

92 to 200GHz, allocated to Fixed service, covering almost 54% of the whole band under consideration (92-

200GHz). Our current focus is up to 175GHz.

More than one portion of spectrum might

be considered as a single band, similarly

to E-band approach where 71-76 and 81-

86 GHz were considered together

One of the scope of the work in mWT is to

properly identify portions of spectrum

and how to arrange into new bands

One waveguide can cover each frequency

rangeAccording to ITU-R footnote RR No 5.340 “All emissions are prohibited” in the frequency ranges 100-102 GHz,109.5-111.8 GHz, 114.25-116 GHz, 148.5-151.5 GHz,164-167 GHz.


Slide 100

of 120

REGULATORY STATE OF THE ART (2)

Two WI has been opened in CEPT ECC SE19

• New Work Item on W-band � ECC Recommendations with guidelines on deployment of fixed services operating in the allocated

bands 92 – 94 GHz, 94.1 – 95 GHz, 95 – 100 GHz, 102 – 109.5 GHz and 111.8 – 114.5 GHz. Revision of ECC/REC (14)01 might also

be necessary

• New Work Item on D-band � ECC Recommendations with guidelines on deployment of fixed services operating in the allocated

bands 130 – 134 GHz, 141 – 148.5 GHz, 151.5 - 164 GHz and 167 – 174.7 GHz

ITU-R recommendations have recently extended the range of validity, from 50 GHz to up to 100 GHz

In this green field today, effort should be spent to identify a different and more convenient license method

than those currently in use and probably a more flexible and efficient method of assignment of spectrum

Possibility of co-sharing some spectrum portion among different approaches/applications/services, at

least when they belong to one single operator

A new or different approach could open the door to new and evolutionary systems, beyond the most

common FDD or TDD approaches and even beyond the Adaptive and Code Modulation (ACM) itself

17/07/2016

51


CHARACTERISTICS OF THE D-BAND


Slide 102

of 120

RAIN ATTENUATION (ITU-R REC. P.838-3)

The rain and gas attenuation can be

calculated by ITU-R Rec.

The availability calculation formula provided

in ITU-R Rec. is available up to 100GHz.

We can estimate the availability in D-band by

using the formula tentatively.

However, we shall update the formula for

adaptation to D-band.

The rain attenuation of D-band is around 2dB

larger than E-band.

The rain attenuation in D-band is almost flat.

17/07/2016

52


Slide 103

of 120

GAS ATTENUATION (ITU-R REC. P.676-10)

The gas attenuation is 1 to

2dB/km. This is not a dominant

factor for the link distance

limitation.

The gas attenuation in D-band

is almost flat.

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Attenuation [dB

/km

]

Frequency [GHz]

Dry Air

Water vapour

Total


Slide 104

of 120

EXAMPLE OF AVAILABILITY CALCULATION (ITU-R

REC. P.530-15)

Conditions

RF Frequency 150GHz

Antenna Gain 50dBi

Rain Zone K

Gas Attenuation 1.25dB/km

CS 500MHz

Modulation 16QAM

(Required CNR 20dB)

Tx PWR +5dBm

NF 14dB

99.99

99.992

99.994

99.996

99.998

100

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Availability [%]

Fade M

argin [dB

]

Distance [km]

150GHz 16QAM CS=500MHz

Ant 50dBi R=42mm/h

Fade Margin

Availability

17/07/2016

53


USE CASES EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS


Slide 106

of 120

5G MOBILE BACKHAUL TAIL LINK

Requirements

• Capacity

> 10Gbps

• Link Distanc

< 200m

17/07/2016

54


Slide 107

of 120

INTERNAL CONNECTION OF A DATA CENTER (INTER-SERVER)

Current System

• Media Optical Fiber 10GbE (Indoor)

• Link Distance several tens of meters (Direct Distance)

Planning Wireless Solution

• IEEE802.15WPAN TG3 WPAN High Rate (100Gbps), 60GHz

• IBM Proposed System 60GHz, 1Gbps / 100MHz BW

GatewayThe Internet

Source of the above picture:

K. Ramachandran, R. Kokku, R. Mahindra, and S. Rangarajan,

“60 GHz Data-Center Networking: Wireless)Worry less?”


Slide 108

of 120

SHORT RANGE INSTANTANEOUS HIGH RATE TRANSMISSION

High rate data transmission, for example, video delivery at Kiosk.

Current System (under development)

• Capacity < 10Gbps higher capacity is desired.

• RF band 60GHz

Kiosk

17/07/2016

55


REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS IN THE W-

BAND D-BAND


Slide 110

of 120

REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS IN MMWAVE RADIO

Examples of use cases and deployment scenarios for using links in the D-band are presented.

It is expected that more new applications and deployment scenarios will emerge in the future.

Requirements for radio links operating in the D-band to fulfil future applications must support high

Capacity of over 10Gbps. The Target Capacity is 40Gbps considering 40GbE for a inter-server connections in

data-centres.

Medium Link Distance is up to several hundreds of meters. Short range need to be covered as well.

High Availability is required up to 99.999% in order to consider the radio links as an alternative to Fibre

Cable.

Indoor use is free from rain attenuation and such availability will be possible.

Dual-Directional Communication is required for both Symmetrical / Asymmetrical and for FDD / TDD

duplexing.

17/07/2016

56


EXAMPLE CHANNEL ARRANGEMENTS PLAN UNDER

CONSIDERATION


Slide 112

of 120

Any channel plan must target the most efficient use of the spectrum.

In order to limit impairments due to local interference and facilitate frequency reuse,

transmitters in same sub-band (go or return) are used a in same station, such as “go” and

“return” locations can be identified.

Channel raster must allow for all duplexing technologies including FDD and TDD (noting that

Full duplexing can be accommodated in TDD blocks).

In both the W-band and D-band the available spectrum is fragmented and should be

combined to form paired and unpaired bands such as in the E-band.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

17/07/2016

57


Slide 113

of 120

EXAMPLE OF CHANNEL PLAN IN W-BAND

W-band is very much to the E-band and similar use cases and deployment scenarios are expected.

Example of channel plan for the W-Band is showing below

NOTE 1: Common Duplex separation 9500 MHz

NOTE 2: the odd number of 19 x 250 MHz slots are not the optimum if minimum channel size 500 MHz would be preferred.

95 - 114.25 GHz: Arrangement with 27 paired and 2 unpaired channels

GO (RET): 19 x 250 MHz RET (GO): 8 + 19 x 250 MHz GO (RET): 8 x 250 MHz

DS=

DS=

92

.0 G

Hz

ECC/REC(14)01

EESS

(5.340)

100.00

9.500 GHz

EESS

(5.340)

EESS

(5.340)

EESS

(5.340)

11

' a

12

' a

13

' a

14

' a

15

' a

16

' a

17

' a

18

' a

19

' a

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

9' a

9.500 GHz

104.750 GHz

Gu

ard

ban

d (

32

5 M

Hz)

1 b

2 b

3 b

4 b

5 b

6 b

7 b

8 b

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

10

' a

5' a

6' a

7' a

6' b

7' b

8' b

1' a

2' a

8' a

17

a

5' b

19

a

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

1 u

2 u

1' b

2' b

3' b

4' b

3' a

4' a6 a

11

4.2

5 G

Hz

95

.0 G

Hz

10

0.0

GH

z

10

2.0

GH

z

10

9.5

GH

z

7 a

8 a

9 a

10

a

11

a

12

a

15

a

16

a

109.5 114.25

102.750 GHz 112.250 GHz

95.250 GHz

11

1.8

GH

z

5 a

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

1 a

13

a

14

a

2 a

3 a

4 a

18

a

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 42 4 3 44 4 5 46 4 7 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

(1 ') (2') (3 ') (4') (5 ') (6') (7') ( 8') (9') (1 2') (13') (1 4') (15') (16 ') ( 17') (18 ') ( 19') (20 ') ( 21') (22 ') ( 23') (24') (2 5') (26') (2 7') (28')

29

(4') (7 ') (8 ') (9 ') (1 0')

1 9 22 23 24 25 26

(1 1') (1 2') (13 ')14 15

(1') (2') (3')

16 1 7 1 8

No

te

1

1 2 3 4 5 11 12 138 9 106 7

4 5 6 7 22 23 2 4121110 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 218 91

(4')Note 2

8

(1 ')

35

(2')

10 11

No

te 1

30292 8272 6

No

te 19

(2' )

252 3

95

.0 G

Hz

Note 2

No

te 1

No

te 14

(1' )

(5') (6') (7')

No

te 1

Note 3(2 ') (3 ')

Note 3

Gu

ard

ba

nd

6

(3')

1 2 1 3

(14 ')No

te

1 27 28

92

.0 G

Hz

94

.0 G

Hz

94

.1 G

Hz

Note 2

Note 2 Note 3

5

No

te 1

Note 2

5 6 7

1

Gu

ard

ba

nd

1 2 3 4

7 81 3 4

6

(1')Note 3

2

2

2 a2 b2 u

Block “a” (19 x 250 MHz) paired channels

Block “b” (8 x 250 MHz) paired channels

Unpaired channels


Slide 114

of 120

ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF CHANNEL PLAN IN W-BAND

NOTE 1: Common Duplex separation 9550 MHz

NOTE 2: the addition of band 94.1-95 GHz permits to an even number of both 250 and 500 MHz paired channels.

2 a2 b2 u

Block “a” (21 x 250 MHz) paired channels

Block “b” (8 x 250 MHz) paired channels

Unpaired channels

GO (RET): 21 x 250 MHz RET (GO): 8 + 21 x 250 MHz GO (RET): 8 x 250 MHz

DS=

DS=

EESS

(5.340)

1 a

94

.1 G

Hz

94

.0 G

Hz

ECC

/REC

(14

)01

(lo

we

r p

art)

to b

e r

ev

iew

ed

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

92

GH

z

9.800 GHz

94.450 GHz 104.250 GHz

9.800 GHz

102.250 GHz 112.050 GHz

Gu

ard

ban

d (

32

5 M

Hz)

EESS

(5.340)

EESS

(5.340)

EESS

(5.340)

5' b

6' b

7' b

8' b

21

a

10

a

11

a

12

a

13

a

14

a

16

a

17

a

18

a

19

a

20

a

3' b

4' b

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

1' b

2' b

15

a

4 a

5 a

6 a

7 a

8 a

9 a

3 a

Gu

ard

ban

d (

12

5 M

Hz)

1' b

2' b

3' b

4' b

5' b

6' b

7' b

8' b 1 a

2 a

20

a

21

a

1 u

Gu

ard

ban

d (

17

5 M

Hz)

10

0.0

GH

z

10

2.0

GH

z

3 a

4 a

5 a

6 a

2 a

Gu

ard

ban

d (

22

5 M

Hz)

15

a

16

a

17

a

18

a

19

a

94.1 - 114.25 GHz:

Arrangement with 29 x 250 MHz paired and 1 x 250 MHz unpaired channels or

14 x 500 MHz, 1 x 250 paired and 1 x 250 MHz unpaired

95.25 109.5 114.25

13

a

11

1.8

GH

z

11

4.2

5 G

Hz

7 a

10

9.5

GH

z

8 a

9 a

10

a

11

a

12

a

14

a

17/07/2016

58


Slide 115

of 120

USE OF THE RANGE D-BAND (130-174.7 GHZ)

According to RR and ECA Tables, in this range six formally separate bands are available to FS:

1. 130-134 GHz (total 4000 MHz)

2. 141-148.5 GHz (total 7500 MHz)

3. 151.5-155.5 GHz (total 4000 MHz)

4. 155.5-158.5 GHz (total 3000 MHz)

5. 158.5-164 GHz (total 5500 MHz)

6. 167 - 174.78 GHz (total 7700 MHz)

It is argued that commercial current mm wave RF technology, given suitable investment for its extension to

higher bands, might manage up to about 160 GHz. Going above could imply a completely new technology.


Slide 116

of 120

EXAMPLE OF CHANNEL ARRANGEMENT PLAN FOR D-BAND

Considering difficulty of duplexer, the duplex separation should be greater than 20GHz (twice of E-band).

• For FDD, a set usage of the low-band(141 to 148.5GHz) and the high-band(167 to 174.8GHz) is the

simplest way.

• In this case, the mid-band(151.5 to 164GHz) is applied to TDD.

In order to achieve larger capacity than E-band, the minimum CS should be 500MHz. In terms of phase

noise suppression, twice bandwidth is also desired.

167 to 174.8GHz

(7.8GHz)

141 to 148.5GHz

(7.5GHz)

151.5 to 164GHz

(12.5GHz)

CH nCH1

DS=26GHz Not used

for TDDFor East For West

CHn'CH1'

17/07/2016

59


Slide 117

of 120

ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF CHANNEL ARRANGEMENT PLAN

FOR D-BAND

If relatively narrow DS could be allowed, it might be possible to increase the

number of FDD channels.

• The guard band might be necessary in the mid-band.

• The rest of the high-band can be applied to TDD.

• The possibility of this plan shall be investigated precisely.

167 to 174.8GHz

(7.8GHz)

141 to 148.5GHz

(7.5GHz)

151.5 to 164GHz

(12.5GHz)

CH1 CH l

For East

DS=15.5GHz

DS=15.5GHz

CHm CHn

CH1' CHl'

CHｍ' CHn'

For WestFor East For West For TDD

Other plans are being proposed and considered.

These slides will be updated according to latest developments in CEPT SE19


SUMMARY

17/07/2016

60


Slide 119

of 120

Traffic in the access is expected to increase 1000x in future networks. Transport

of capacities in the order of 1 to more than 10 Gbit/s (40 Gbit/s can be found),

depending on section of network, are often referred to in literature, and are

expected to represent a reasonable target.

Many new applications will also emerge requiring higher capacity higher

density deployment in the transport network.

Allocated Spectrum for transport applications above 90 GHz can provide ~ 30

times the spectrum available in the E-band.

CEPT is currently developing deployment guidelines and channel plans for the

bands allocated for fixed services above 90 GHz up to 175GHz.

ETSI ISG is also working on the development of systems in the bands above 90

GHz assisting CEPT on the technology and system requirements.

The W-Band is very similar to the E-band and is likely follow same principle but

with more flexibility to allow new technologies.

Some preliminary channel plans are being considered for D-band.

SUMMARY


Slide 120

of 120

Dr Nader Zein

e-mail: [email protected]

Contact Details:

Thank you!

Documents

Millimetre-Wave Transmission: Activities of the ETSI ISG ... · Original BW 4096QAM XPIC L2, L3 Compression 400 Mbps 600Mbps Up to 1.2Gbps Up to 2Gbps. 01 0101010101. 12 b i t s