Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Study 90 Haileybury Area_NOEGTS090

8/12/2019 Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Study 90 Haileybury Area_NOEGTS090

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Ontario Geological Survey

Northern OntarioEngineering Geology Terrain Study 90

HAILEYBURYAREA

b y

M.A. Roed


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OMNR-OGS 1979Printed in Canada

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BYTHE ONTARIOMINISTRYOF NORTHERNAFFAIR S

AND IS MANAGEDBYTHE ONTARIOMINISTRYOF NATURALRESOURCES

Every possible effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this report, but the Ministry of Natural Resources does not assume anyliability for errors that may occur. Source references are included in the reportand users may wish to verify critical information.

Publications of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and price list areavailable through the Map Unit, Public Service Centre, Room 6404, hitneyBlock, Queen's Park, Toronto, and the Ontario Government Bookstore, 880Bay Street, Toronto.

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order payable to the Treasurer of Ontario.

ISSN 0709-4671ISBN 0-7743-4366-4


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CONTENTS

Page

1.0 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . l1.1 Terrain Mapping Program . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 21.2 Previous Work. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . 2

2.0 Geologic Setting . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . 32.1 Bedrock Geology. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . 32.2 QuaternaryGeology. . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

2.3 Physiography. .

. .. . .

.. .

. .. .

.. . . . .

. . ..

. . .. . . . . 5

3.0 EngineeringTerrain Units . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . 63.1 Bedrock. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 63.2 Moraine. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 Glaciofluvial. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . 143.4 Glaciolacustrine . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 143.5 Organic . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. 163.6 Alluvial . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 163.7 Eolian . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . . 17

4.0 References . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 18

TABLE

l Summary of terrain unit characteristicsand engineeringsignificance . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 10

FIGURE

l Diagrammaticsketches showing typical terrain types andtheir representativeletter symbols . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 8


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Northern Ontario

Engineering Geology Terrain Study 90

HAILEYBURY AREA

NTS31M/SW)

Districts of Nipissing and Timiskaming

b y

M. A. Roed

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

This report contains an inventory of regional engineeringterrain conditions in the Haileybury area, Districts of Nipissing and Timiskaming. It

forms part of a series of publications which provide similar terrain datafor some 370 000 km 2 of northern Ontario.

The area, which covers NTS block 31M/SW, lies between Latitudes47000'N and 47 030'N and Longitudes 79020'W and 800 00'W . Theeconomy of the area is based on mining, some agriculture and forestry,hydroelectricity, and tourism. Mining has been carried on since thebeginning of the century. Cobalt, long known as the silver capital of


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2

1.1 TERRAIN MAPPING PROGRAM:

The purpose of the mapping is to provide a guide for engineering andresource planningfunctions at a level of detail consistent witha scale of1:100,000. The terrain information is contained on the Data Base Map(OGS Map5024, accompanying thisreport).

Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs, at a scale of approximately 1:50,000, was the primary method of obtaining this terraindata. The interpretation includes information from relevant publishedliterature, and the main roads in the area were traversed during thesummer of 1977 to provide spot checks on the photogeologic interpretation. Thus, the map represents a reconnaissance overview of theengineering conditions of the terrain.

A n engineering terrain legend was developed to facilitate the mapping

and to provide a common information base for the entire map series.This legend is shown on the accompanying Data Base Map. Furtherinformation on the mapping techniques, legend format, and possibleuses of this data is available in the Ontario Engineering GeologyTerrainStudy Users' Manual (Gartner, Mollard and Roed, in preparation), acompanion publication to this series of maps and reports.

1.2 PREVIOUSWORK:

The surficial deposits have been mapped or considered on a reconnaissance basis by Boissonneau (1965, 1968), Prest (1969, 1970), Prestet al. 1967), Hughes (1965), Hume 1925), the Ontario Land Inventory(1976), Skinner 1969), Dean (1956), and the Canada Land Inventory


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2.0 GEOLOGIC SETTING:

In a general sense, terrain in the map-area is composed of two funda

mentally different materials: bedrock of Precambrian or Paleozoic ageand unconsolidated surficial material comprising glacial and nonglacialdeposits of Quaternary age. These materials, alone or in combination,constitute the basic landform element of the engineeringgeology terrainunits that are to be described in detail. Brief summariesof the bedrockgeology, Quaternarygeology, and physiographyare given below.

2.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY:

The Haileybury area is underlain by bedrock of Precambrian age, withan outlier of Paleozoic limestone and shale occurring in the northernpart, immediately north of North Cobalt. The southwestern quarter ofthe area contains a small belt of Early Precambrianmetavolcanics, interspersed with several granitic and migmatitic bodies of the same age. Theremainder of the Precambrian terrain is composed of sedimentary rocksbelonging to the Middle Precambrian CobaltGroup. Middle Precambriangabbroic intrusives (the Nipissing Diabase) are widespread (Card andLumbers 1977).

The Paleozoic rocks are commonly referred tocollectively as the LakeTimiskaming outlier and have received some study (e.g. Hume 1925;Sinclair 1965; Bolton 1970; Lovell and Frey 1976).

Four formations of Ordovician age are recognized and referred to as the

Liskeard Group (Sinclair 1965). The units are, from oldest to youngest:d h h


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Mineral potential is high for silver-cobalt around Cobalt in the northernpart of the area and in the immediate vicinity of Silver Centre on LakeTimiskaming. In the southwestern part of the area, potential is highfor gold-silver and polymetallic base metal sulphide bodies. Elsewherethroughout the area, mineral potential is medium to low (Springer 1977).

2.2 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY:

Quaternary deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin occur throughoutthe area. Glacial deposits consist of sandy bouldery till in ground moraine and hummocky moraine; glaciofluvial sand and gravel in eskers,kames, outwash plains, and deltas; and glaciolacustrine clay. Nonglacialdeposits include alluvial sand and silt, colluvium, and organic depositsof peat.

Northern Ontario was glaciated by continental ice sheets at least fourtimes during the Pleistocene Period. However, only the deposits of thelast glaciation, the Laurentide of W isconsinan age, are preserved in theHaileybury area.

The Keewatin lobe of the Laurentide glacier advanced southward into

the area approximately 100 000 years ago at the beginningof the Wisconsinan (Prest 1970). Itground its way across the rugged Precambrianterrain and over the Paleozoic outlier, deepening pre-existing valleysand disrupting normal drainage. After having advanced as far southas Minnesota, the glacial front had receded to the Haileybury areaby late W isconsinan time (approximately 11 000 years ago). It mayhave disappeared completely fromthe area and then readvanced to theposition presentlymarked by the Sultan Scarp (Roed 1979) to the west,


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of approximately 320m, 140 m above the present level of Lake Timiskaming. Deglaciationof the land to the north of the map-area proceededby mass disintegration of theice and the entire region is believed to havebecome ice-freeapproximately 10 000 years ago. Meltwater flowed downthe Montreal River valley and entered Lake Barlow in the southeasternpart of the map-area. Somemeltwater also flowed southward along LakeTemagami.

By approximately 9 500 years ago, the glacier had receded well to the

north of the map-area, and, at this time, Lake Barlow joined with LakeOjibway to form Lake Barlow-Ojibway.Meltwater from the Elk Lakevalley to the west emptied into this lake through the northern partof the map-area. Then, approximately 8 700 years ago, the obstructions along the Lake Timiskamingvalley were breached and Lake Barlow-Ojibway drained in several stages, one of which may have involved

catastrophicerosion.

Modern Lake Timiskaming cameinto existence shortly after theseevents, and the Ottawa River system and other drainage coursesbecameestablished. Some post-glacial uplift in the area has resulted in the incision of the Montreal River and some creeks, and landslides haveaffected a few clay slopes. Otherwise, the land surface has been littlemodified since the disappearanceof the ice sheet.

2.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY:

The Haileybury map-area is situated in a physiographic division of theCanadian Shieldknown as the Cobalt Plain (Bostock 1970). The domin


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and morainal terrain characterizethe western part. Extensive rollingmorainal terrain partly drumlinized,occurs in the northwestern partof the area. Elevations range from 178 m at Lake Timiskaming to ap

proximately 520m near Cliff Lake in the centralpart

of the area.

3.0 ENGINEERING TERRAIN UNITS:

Engineering terrain units are composed of a combination of variousmaterials unconsolidated and/or bedrock) which form recognizablelandforms with certain engineering characteristics. Major terrain unitgroups, and the engineering significance of each, are discussed in detail.These include bedrock terrain (RN), moraine (MG,MH), glaciofluvialoutwash (GO), eskers (GE), and kames (GK), and glaciolacustrineplains (LP). Less significant terrain units include a glaciolacustrinedelta (GD), organic deposits (OT), alluvial plains (AP), and eolian

deposits (ED). Diagrammatic sketches of typical terrain settings aregiven in Figure 1. Table l summarizes the composition, topography,and drainage of all major terrain units and rates each unit in termsof important soil characteristics according to engineering criteria andin terms of suitability for principal engineering uses.

3.1 BEDROCK:

Examples:

RN(tMG) RN(tMG)

Hjn-D Mj-D


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10

TABLE S U M M A RYOF TERRAIN UNIT CHARACTERISTICS A N DENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE.

s i- DRock

Terrain (R)HummockyMoraine (MH)

GroundMoraine (MG)

Eskers (GE)Kame (GK)

Outwash (GO)Delta (GD)

GlaciolacustrinePlain (LP)

GlaciolacustrineBeach (LB )

Alluvium (AP)

PrincipalMaterials

rocktill, sandboulders

till, sandboulders

sandgravel

sand,gravel

clay, siltfine sand

sand

sand, silt

clay

t* ,

fi* *t)

iME?Q

irregular

dryhummockydry

knobbydry

kettled 4 ridgeddry

hummocky-planardry

planardry

planardry

channelled

mixed

Workabilitys

onstructionaterial

Permeability

not applicable

medium (fracture)goodmedium

goodmedium

excellenthigh

excellenthighpoorlow

goodhigh

fair

medium

S -So.

'S f Sw 8 -3j3 4 3 Q ) BC O C O C Q

excellent

excellentgoodgood

goodgood

excellentexcellent

excellentexcellent

fairfair

goodgood

good

poor

Compact ionompressibilit

not applicable

not applicablegoodlow

goodlow

excellentlow

excellentlow

poornigh

goodlow

fair

medium


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S l o p etability

Frostusceptibility

good (some talus)not applicablegoodlowgoodlowexcellentlowexcellentlowpoornigh

excellentlowfairmedium

ggregateupp ly

Foundations

not applicableexcellentfairgoodfairgoodexcellentexcellentexcellentexcellentpoorfairgoodgoodpoorpoor

HighwayubgradeRouteocation

poor

fairgoodgoodgoodgoodexcellentexcellentexcellentexcellentpoorgoodgoodgoodpoorpoor

H y d r oasementsPipel ineoutes

fairpoorgoodgoodfairfair

goodgoodexcellentexcellentgoodgoodgoodgoodpoorpoor

Sep t i ca n kuitabilitySol idasteandfil l

poorpoorexcellentexcellent

excellentgoodpoorpoor

poorpoor

fairfairpoorpoor

poorpoor

Domesticroundwaterotential

L a r g eroundwaterupplies

goodpoorexcellentgoodgoodfair

excellentexcellentexcellentexcellentfairpoor

goodpoor

goodfair

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4 m. Hummocky moraine is also composed of sandy bouldery till, asmuch as 50 m in thickness, but relief is commonly in the order of 10 to20 m; the unit is characterized by knobs (n), kettles and kettle lakes(k), and irregular groupings of hills. Gradations from groundmoraineto hummocky moraine occur, so that contacts on the maps are approximate.

Ground moraine (GM) composed of stoney till (t) occurs in a broad,poorly defined belt betweenMcLean Lake and Rib Lake in the westernpart of the area, and to the north of Bay Lake in the northwest corner

of the area where the unit is drumlinized. A thin blanket of wave-washed(w) till mantles flat-lying Paleozoic bedrock (RP) west of Haileybury.Rock knobs (RN) occur throughout the unit. Relief varies from low(L) to moderate (M), and the topography may be hilly (h) or rugged(j) where there is abundant outcrop. Ground moraine is well drained,but may contain wet depressions of local extent. Numerous patchesof

ground moraine occuras a subordinate landform in other terrain units.

Hummocky moraine (MH), which is restricted to the northwesternportion of the map-area, is composed of stoney till (t). Bedrock knobs(RN) and organic terrain composed of peat (pOT) are subordinatelandforms in this unit. A small patch of hummocky moraine which

occursaround

TheNotch

onthe west

shore ofLake

Timiskaming hasbeen utilized for earth embankments at a nearby dam site. Sandy bouldery till, ranging from 5 to 30 m in thickness, is the principal materialin this unit, but stratified sand (s) and gravel (g), pockets of silt (m)and sand (s), and local concentrations of large boulders (b) also occurlocally. Eskers and kames are commonly associated with hummockymoraine and depressions in the unit contain organic material (pOT).Topography in hummocky moraine is irregular and knobby or hilly

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material may be scarce, but the till itself is amenable to beneficiation insome localities. Groundwater potential in the till is generally fair,especially at the contact between bedrock anda till layer of adequate

thickness. Also, where the till is greater than 1.5 m in thickness, groundmoraine is considered to be one of the best landforms for attenuationof leachate from septic drain tile fields.

Sampling of the basal till for mineral exploration is most easily andefficiently accomplished in areas of ground moraine. Tracing ofmineralized float could be most rewarding in ground moraine. Geochemical anomalies in associated organic and alluvial landforms withinthe ground moraine unit may be of local origin, and follow-up exploration procedures should be easier than in other glacial landforms, suchas hummockymoraine, and glaciolacustrineplains.

The engineering significanceof hummocky moraine is substantial.The texture of the till makes the unit ideal for use in the large earth embankments required for dams and roads. Also, the chance of finding asizeable source of granular materialswithin hummocky terrain is good.Although conventionalconstruction techniques can normally be usedthroughout, the irregular relief of the unit is far from ideal for routelocation and the possibility of bedrock outcrops exists. Due to the

inherent heterogeneous composition of hummockymoraine, sporadicpockets of silt, loose sand, and clay can be expected. Some localitiesmay have an abundance of very large boulders.

Hummocky moraine is probably the best material in the map-area forattenuation of leachate from municipal landfills and septic drain tile

fields. Groundwater potential is excellent, and springs are common atth base f l g morainal hills especially during wet periods of th

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3.3 GLACIOFLUVIAL:

Examples:

sGO sgGQ(RN) sgGE sgGKLp-M Lp-D Lnp-D Lt-D

Glaciofluvial outwash deposits (GO) occur as an extensive plain (p)or terrace adjacent to the MontrealRiver, and in scattered localitiesthroughout the map-area. A kame (GK) composed of sand and gravel

(sg) is situated south of Grassy Lake in an area marked by small eskers.Rock knobs (RN) occur in association with many of the glaciofluvialdeposits. Glaciofluvial terrain is generally dry (D), but some depressions are periodically wet (M).

Glaciofluvial terrain is one of the best sources of sand and gravel aggre

gate in the map-area. Potential reserves appear large, although there hasbeen a considerable amount of material extracted from the MontrealRiver deposit. The terrain also provides excellent foundation conditions for construction of access roads and buildings, although the steeptopography associated with the kames and eskers can cause problems.

Subsurface sand and gravel deposits provide one of the best aquifersin the area for very large supplies of good quality water, but are notsuitable for waste disposal due to their poor attenuation capacity. Thepotential for pollution in glaciofluvialterrain is high.

3.4 GLACIOLACUSTRINE:

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well-drained (D) terraces (t) or dissected plains (dp) adjacent to streamswith steep banks. The clay consists of an upper massive unit and a lowervarved unit, which together have been defined as the Barlow-OjibwayFormation (Hughes 1965). The clay ranges in colour from grey throughbuff to red. Rock knobs (RN) occur in places and some small slumpsalong Lake Timiskaming expose striking sequencesof varved clay. Threeprominent terraces occur in the clay on Ile Mann in Lac Temiscaminque,Quebec. Only one prominent raised shoreline was mapped near Hailey-bury.

Deltaic deposits (GD) include a large delta adjacent to Spring Creek inthe northern part of the map-area. The unit has a thickness in excess of10m, consists mainly of gravelly sand (sg), and is well drained.

Aggregate potential in clay terrain is generally poor; however, largegravel deposits may occur at depth in some locations and the deltaic

deposits offer considerable potential. The expense of highway construction in clay terrain is moderate, since aggregate is necessary to improve the road bed but expensive excavations are not necessary. Thegullied nature of the clay in major valleys can pose serious alignmentproblems.

Groundwater potential in clay terrain is poor, but sufficient water fordomestic use can be obtained from gravel and bedrock u nitswhich occurbeneath the clay. Clay terrain is quite well suited to the installation ofseptic drain tile fields. The impermeable nature of the clay effectivelylimits the migration of effluent so that tile fields are usually raised whereinfiltration is slow. The suitability of clay for solid waste disposal canbe considered as fair. Leachate migration is limited due to the impermeability of the clay; however, the occurrence ground wa terponding

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3.5 ORGANIC:

Examples:

pOT pOTLp-M Lp-W

Organic terrain (OT) composed of peat (p) is widespread in the Hailey-bury area, but does not occur in large bodies. Most of those shown arelocated along seepage paths or poorly developed streams, but many

more, too small to be mapped, occur in small local depressions. Theunit is commonly wet throughout the year (W) or periodically (M).

Organic terrain possesses the worst foundation conditions for engineering structures and roads. The unit is very compressible, has low shearstrength, and is water-saturated most of the time. It is commonly classified as hazard land for planning purposes.Groundwater quality is verypoor in organic terrain, and the unit is unsuitable for the location ofseptic drain tile fields.

The success of geochemical prospecting in organic terrain dependslargely on the setting of the unit. A greater number of geochemicalanomalies would probably be found in organic terrain associated withbedrock and ground moraine units than in organic terrain associatedwith hummocky moraine or extensive glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrineplains.

3.6 ALLUVIAL:

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consists mainly of sand and gravel. The landform has low (L), planar(p) relief and g ood drainage(D).

Gravel bars in alluvial plains provide local aggregate deposits. The unithas potential for groundwater. Alluvial terrain is unsuitable for septicdrain tile fields and waste disposal, and may be subject to flooding.

3.7 EOLIAN:

Example:

sED(pOT)(sAP)Lp-M

Eolian (ED) deposits are not common in the map-area, but a small one

occurs in the extreme northwest corner. The unit consists of fine-grainedsand derived by wind erosion of glaciofluvial deposits. It is associatedwith alluvial deposits (AP) and organic bogs (OT). Relief is low (L) anddrainage is mixed (M).

Eolian wind-blown sand in the Haileybury map-area is of little engineer

ing importance and is not suitable as a foundation material nor as awaste disposal site.

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4.0 REFERENCES:

Baer, A . J., Poole, W . H., and Sanford, B. V.1978: Riviere Gatineau, Quebec-Ontario; Geological Survey of

Canada, Map 1334A, scale 1:1 000 000. Sheet 31 of theGeologicalAtlas of Canada.

Boissonneau,A . N.1965: Surficial Geology, Algoma, Sudbury, Timiskaming and Nipis

sing; Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Map S465,scale 1:506 880 or l inch to 8 miles. Surficial geology 1962,1963.

1968: Glacial History of Northeastern Ontario II. The Timiskaming-Algoma Area; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.5,No.l,p.97-109.

Bolton, ThomasE.1970: Echinodermata from the Ordovician Pleurocystites, Crema-

crinus) and Silurian Hemi cystites, Protaxocrinus, Macnamara-tylus of Lake Timiskaming Region, Ontario and Quebec;p.59-66 in Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, GeologicalSurvey of Canada, Bulletin187, 123p.

Bostock, H. S.1970: Physiographic Subdivisionsof Canada; p.9-30 in Geology and

Economic Minerals of Canada, edited by R. J. W . Douglas,Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology ReportNo.l, 5th edition, 838p.

C d L d I

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Cassidy, G. L.1976: Arrow North-TheStory of Timiskaming;Highway BookShop,

Cobalt, 398p.

Dean, W . G.1956: Glacial Features of the Hearst-CochraneMap-Sheet Area, A n

Aerial Photograph Reconnaissance;The Canadian G eographer,No.8, p.35-45.

Gartner, John F., Mollard, J. D., and Roed, M. A .in preparation: Ontario Engineering GeologyTerrain Study Users'

Manual; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario EngineeringGeologyTerrain Study l.

Guillet, G. R.1967: The Clay Products Industry of Ontario; Ontario Department

of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report 22, 206p. Accompaniedby Maps 2130, 2131, scale l inch to 16 miles.

1977: Clay and Shale Deposits of Ontario, OntarioGeological Survey, Mineral Deposits Circular 15, 117p. Accompanied byMap 2358, scale 1:2 000 000.

Hughes, O. L.1965: Surficial Geologyof Part of the Cochrane Districts, Ontario,Canada; p.535-565 in International Studies on the Quaternary(collected papers of 7th INQUA Congress,Boulder, Colorado,1965), edited by H. E. W right and David G. Frey, GeologicalSociety of America, SpecialPaper 84, 565p.

Hume G S

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Lovell, H. L. and Frey, E. D.1976: Geology of the New Liskeard Area; Ontario Division of Mines,

Geoscience Report 144, 34p. Accompanied by Maps 2300,2301, scale 1:31 680 or l inch to V mile.

Ontario Land Inventory1976: Land Classification, Haileybury, 31M, Edition l ASE, Series

A501; Ontario Centre for Remote Sensing, Ministry of NaturalResources.

Prest, V . K.1969: Retreat of W isconsin and Recent Ice in North America;

Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1257A, scale 1:5 000 000.Compiled 1969.

1970: Quaternary Geology of Canada; p.675-764 in Geology andEconomic Minerals of Canada, edited by R. J. W . Douglas,

Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology ReportNo.l, 5th edition, 838p.

Prest, V . K., Grant, D. R. and Rampton, V . N.1967: Glacial Map of Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, Map

1253A, scale 1:5 000 000. Compilation 1964-1966.

Roed, M. A .1979: Elk Lake Area (NTS 41P/NE), District of Timiskaming;

Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario EngineeringGeology Terrain Study 83, 18p. Accompanied by Map 5020,scale 1:100000.

Sinclair G W inston

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Springer, Janet1977: Ontario Mineral Potential, Gogama Sheet and part of Ville-

Marie Sheet, Districts of Sudbury and Timiskaming;OntarioGeological Survey,Preliminary Map P.1514, Mineral DepositsSeries, scale 1:250 000. Compilation1976, 1977.


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Ontario Geological Survey

Northern OntarioEngineering Geology Terrain Study 90

HAILEYBURYAREA

b y

M.A. Roed


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OMNR-OGS 1979Printed in Canada

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BYTHE ONTARIOMINISTRYOF NORTHERNAFFAIR S

AND IS MANAGEDBYTHE ONTARIOMINISTRYOF NATURALRESOURCES

Every possible effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this report, but the Ministry of Natural Resources does not assume anyliability for errors that may occur. Source references are included in the reportand users may wish to verify critical information.

Publications of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and price list areavailable through the Map Unit, Public Service Centre, Room 6404, hitneyBlock, Queen's Park, Toronto, and the Ontario Government Bookstore, 880Bay Street, Toronto.

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order payable to the Treasurer of Ontario.

ISSN 0709-4671ISBN 0-7743-4366-4


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CONTENTS

Page1.0 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . l

1.1 Terrain Mapping Program . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 21.2 Previous Work. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . 2

2.0 Geologic Setting . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . 32.1 Bedrock Geology. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . 32.2 QuaternaryGeology. . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 42.3 Physiography . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . 5

3.0 EngineeringTerrain Units . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . 63.1 Bedrock. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 63.2 Moraine. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 Glaciofluvial. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . 143.4 Glaciolacustrine . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 143.5 Organic . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. 16

3.6 Alluvial . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 163.7 Eolian . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . . 17

4.0 References . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 18

TABLE

l Summary of terrain unit characteristicsand engineeringsignificance . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 10

FIGURE

l Diagrammaticsketches showing typical terrain types and

their representativeletter symbols . . . . . 8


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Northern Ontario

Engineering Geology Terrain Study 90

HAILEYBURY AREA

NTS31M/SW)

Districts of Nipissing and Timiskaming

b y

M. A. Roed

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

This report contains an inventory of regional engineeringterrain conditions in the Haileybury area, Districts of Nipissing and Timiskaming. Itforms part of a series of publications which provide similar terrain datafor some 370 000 km 2 of northern Ontario.

The area, which covers NTS block 31M/SW, lies between Latitudes47000'N and 47 030'N and Longitudes 79020'W and 800 00'W . Theeconomy of the area is based on mining, some agriculture and forestry,hydroelectricity, and tourism. Mining has been carried on since the

beginning of the century Cobalt long known as the silver capital of

2


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1.1 TERRAIN MAPPING PROGRAM:

The purpose of the mapping is to provide a guide for engineering andresource planningfunctions at a level of detail consistent witha scale of1:100,000. The terrain information is contained on the Data Base Map(OGS Map5024, accompanying thisreport).

Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs, at a scale of approximately 1:50,000, was the primary method of obtaining this terraindata. The interpretation includes information from relevant published

literature, and the main roads in the area were traversed during thesummer of 1977 to provide spot checks on the photogeologic interpretation. Thus, the map represents a reconnaissance overview of theengineering conditions of the terrain.

A n engineering terrain legend was developed to facilitate the mappingand to provide a common information base for the entire map series.This legend is shown on the accompanying Data Base Map. Furtherinformation on the mapping techniques, legend format, and possibleuses of this data is available in the Ontario Engineering GeologyTerrainStudy Users' Manual (Gartner, Mollard and Roed, in preparation), acompanion publication to this series of maps and reports.

1.2 PREVIOUSWORK:

The surficial deposits have been mapped or considered on a reconnaissance basis by Boissonneau (1965, 1968), Prest (1969, 1970), Prestet al. 1967), Hughes (1965), Hume 1925), the Ontario Land Inventory

(1976) Skinner 1969) Dean (1956) and the Canada Land Inventory


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2.0 GEOLOGIC SETTING:

In a general sense, terrain in the map-area is composed of two fundamentally different materials: bedrock of Precambrian or Paleozoic ageand unconsolidated surficial material comprising glacial and nonglacialdeposits of Quaternary age. These materials, alone or in combination,constitute the basic landform element of the engineeringgeology terrainunits that are to be described in detail. Brief summariesof the bedrockgeology, Quaternarygeology, and physiographyare given below.

2.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY:

The Haileybury area is underlain by bedrock of Precambrian age, withan outlier of Paleozoic limestone and shale occurring in the northernpart, immediately north of North Cobalt. The southwestern quarter ofthe area contains a small belt of Early Precambrianmetavolcanics, interspersed with several granitic and migmatitic bodies of the same age. Theremainder of the Precambrian terrain is composed of sedimentary rocksbelonging to the Middle Precambrian CobaltGroup. Middle Precambriangabbroic intrusives (the Nipissing Diabase) are widespread (Card andLumbers 1977).

The Paleozoic rocks are commonly referred tocollectively as the LakeTimiskaming outlier and have received some study (e.g. Hume 1925;Sinclair 1965; Bolton 1970; Lovell and Frey 1976).

Four formations of Ordovician age are recognized and referred to as the

Liskeard Group (Sinclair 1965) The units are from oldest to youngest:d h h

Mineral potential is high for silver cobalt around Cobalt in the northern


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Mineral potential is high for silver-cobalt around Cobalt in the northernpart of the area and in the immediate vicinity of Silver Centre on LakeTimiskaming. In the southwestern part of the area, potential is highfor gold-silver and polymetallic base metal sulphide bodies. Elsewherethroughout the area, mineral potential is medium to low (Springer 1977).

2.2 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY:

Quaternary deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin occur throughout

the area. Glacial deposits consist of sandy bouldery till in ground moraine and hummocky moraine; glaciofluvial sand and gravel in eskers,kames, outwash plains, and deltas; and glaciolacustrine clay. Nonglacialdeposits include alluvial sand and silt, colluvium, and organic depositsof peat.

Northern Ontario was glaciated by continental ice sheets at least fourtimes during the Pleistocene Period. However, only the deposits of thelast glaciation, the Laurentide of W isconsinan age, are preserved in theHaileybury area.

The Keewatin lobe of the Laurentide glacier advanced southward intothe area approximately 100 000 years ago at the beginningof the Wisconsinan (Prest 1970). Itground its way across the rugged Precambrianterrain and over the Paleozoic outlier, deepening pre-existing valleysand disrupting normal drainage. After having advanced as far southas Minnesota, the glacial front had receded to the Haileybury areaby late W isconsinan time (approximately 11 000 years ago). It mayhave disappeared completely fromthe area and then readvanced to theposition presentlymarked by the Sultan Scarp (Roed 1979) to the west


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of approximately 320m, 140 m above the present level of Lake Timiskaming. Deglaciationof the land to the north of the map-area proceededby mass disintegration of theice and the entire region is believed to have

become ice-freeapproximately 10 000 years ago. Meltwater flowed downthe Montreal River valley and entered Lake Barlow in the southeasternpart of the map-area. Somemeltwater also flowed southward along LakeTemagami.

By approximately 9 500 years ago, the glacier had receded well to thenorth of the map-area, and, at this time, Lake Barlow joined with LakeOjibway to form Lake Barlow-Ojibway.Meltwater from the Elk Lakevalley to the west emptied into this lake through the northern partof the map-area. Then, approximately 8 700 years ago, the obstructions along the Lake Timiskamingvalley were breached and Lake Barlow-Ojibway drained in several stages, one of which may have involvedcatastrophicerosion.

Modern Lake Timiskaming cameinto existence shortly after theseevents, and the Ottawa River system and other drainage coursesbecameestablished. Some post-glacial uplift in the area has resulted in the incision of the Montreal River and some creeks, and landslides haveaffected a few clay slopes. Otherwise, the land surface has been little

modified since the disappearanceof the ice sheet.

2.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY:

The Haileybury map-area is situated in a physiographic division of the

Canadian Shieldknown as the Cobalt Plain (Bostock 1970) The domin

and morainal terrain characteri ethe estern part E tensi e lli g


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and morainal terrain characterizethe western part. Extensive rollingmorainal terrain partly drumlinized,occurs in the northwestern partof the area. Elevations range from 178 m at Lake Timiskaming to approximately 520m near Cliff Lake in the central part of the area.

3.0 ENGINEERING TERRAIN UNITS:

Engineering terrain units are composed of a combination of variousmaterials unconsolidated and/or bedrock) which form recognizable

landforms with certain engineering characteristics. Major terrain unitgroups, and the engineering significance of each, are discussed in detail.These include bedrock terrain (RN), moraine (MG,MH), glaciofluvialoutwash (GO), eskers (GE), and kames (GK), and glaciolacustrineplains (LP). Less significant terrain units include a glaciolacustrinedelta (GD), organic deposits (OT), alluvial plains (AP), and eolian

deposits (ED). Diagrammatic sketches of typical terrain settings aregiven in Figure 1. Table l summarizes the composition, topography,and drainage of all major terrain units and rates each unit in termsof important soil characteristics according to engineering criteria andin terms of suitability for principal engineering uses.

3.1 BEDROCK:

Examples:

RN(tMG) RN(tMG)Hjn-D Mj-D

S ll l ti f t l A ) i ti g f b d k bbl


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Small accumulations of talus A ) consisting of bedrock rubble are common at the base of bedrock scarps. A few deposits have been shown onthe maps, but generally talus deposits cannot be easily recognized ontheair photos.

The principal engineering significance of bedrock terrain is that it isdifficult and expensive to excavate. In terms of access routes, numerousbridges or stream crossings may be required in rugged terrain. On theother hand, bedrock terrain provides excellent foundation conditions inareas that are unaffected by faults andweak clay zones around joints and

faults, and where fracture or joint density is low. The unit possessespotential for aggregate obtained in rock quarry operations; for rip-rapin talus piles at the base of scarps; and for sand and gravel in scatteredglaciofluvial deposits and occasionally in the thin sandy boundery tillmantle.

Groundwaterpotential is

generallypoor

in Precambrianbedrock terrain,but sufficient for scattered domestic demand. However, considerablegroundwater production can be expected in fractured localities or alongthe fault zones. Bedrock terrain is unsuitable for placement of septicdrain tile fields, except where a thick layer (at least 1.5 m) of soil material is present.

Reconnaissance boulder tracing of float mineral occurrences is mosteasily accomplished in bedrock terrain. Stream and lake sediment geochemical sampling in the organic and alluvial units associated with bedrock terrain is capable of outlining anomalies which reflect mineralization in the underlyingrock units.


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10


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TABLE S U M M A RYOF TERRAIN UNIT CHARACTERISTICS A N DENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE.

s i- DRockTerrain (R)

HummockyMoraine (MH)

GroundMoraine (MG)

Eskers (GE)Kame (GK)

Outwash (GO)Delta (GD)

GlaciolacustrinePlain (LP)

GlaciolacustrineBeach (LB )

Alluvium (AP)

PrincipalMaterials

rock

till, sandboulders

till, sandboulders

sandgravel

sand,gravel

clay, siltfine sand

sand

sand, siltclay

t* ,

fi* *t)

iME?Q

irregulardry

hummockydry

knobbydry

kettled 4 ridgeddry

hummocky-planardry

planardry

planardry

channelledmixed

Workabilitys

onstructionaterial

Permeability

not applicablemedium (fracture)

goodmedium

goodmedium

excellenthigh

excellenthigh

poorlow

goodhigh

fairmedium

S -So.

'S f Sw 8 -3j3 4 3 Q ) BC O C O C Q

excellentexcellent

goodgood

goodgood

excellentexcellent

excellentexcellent

fairfair

goodgood

goodpoor

Compact ionompressibilit

not applicablenot applicable

goodlow

goodlow

excellentlow

excellentlow

poornigh

goodlow

fairmedium

11


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S l o p etability

Frostusceptibility

good (some talus)not

applicablegoodlowgoodlowexcellentlow

excellentlowpoornigh

excellentlowfair

medium

ggregateupp lyFoundations

not applicable

excellentfairgoodfairgoodexcellentexcellent

excellentexcellentpoorfairgoodgoodpoor

poor

HighwayubgradeRouteocation

poorfairgoodgoodgoodgoodexcellentexcellent

excellentexcellentpoorgoodgoodgoodpoor

poor

H y d r oasementsPipel ineoutes

fairpoor

goodgoodfairfair

goodgood

excellentexcellentgoodgoodgoodgoodpoor

poor

Sep t i ca n kuitabilitySol idasteandfil l

poorpoor

excellentexcellent

excellentgoodpoorpoor

poorpoor

fairfairpoorpoor

poor

poor

Domesticroundwaterotential

L a r g eroundwaterupplies

goodpoor

excellentgoodgoodfair

excellentexcellent

excellentexcellentfairpoor

goodpoor

good

fair

12

4 m. Hummocky moraine is also composed of sandy bouldery till, as


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much as 50 m in thickness, but relief is commonly in the order of 10 to20 m; the unit is characterized by knobs (n), kettles and kettle lakes(k), and irregular groupings of hills. Gradations from groundmoraine

to hummocky moraine occur, so that contacts on the maps are approximate.

Ground moraine (GM) composed of stoney till (t) occurs in a broad,poorly defined belt betweenMcLean Lake and Rib Lake in the westernpart of the area, and to the north of Bay Lake in the northwest cornerof the

area wherethe unit

is drumlinized. Athin blanket of

wave-washed(w) till mantles flat-lying Paleozoic bedrock (RP) west of Haileybury.Rock knobs (RN) occur throughout the unit. Relief varies from low(L) to moderate (M), and the topography may be hilly (h) or rugged(j) where there is abundant outcrop. Ground moraine is well drained,but may contain wet depressions of local extent. Numerous patchesofground moraine occuras a subordinate landform in other terrain units.

Hummocky moraine (MH), which is restricted to the northwesternportion of the map-area, is composed of stoney till (t). Bedrock knobs(RN) and organic terrain composed of peat (pOT) are subordinatelandforms in this unit. A small patch of hummocky moraine whichoccurs around The Notch on the west shore of Lake Timiskaming hasbeen utilized for earth embankments at a nearby dam site. Sandy bouldery till, ranging from 5 to 30 m in thickness, is the principal materialin this unit, but stratified sand (s) and gravel (g), pockets of silt (m)and sand (s), and local concentrations of large boulders (b) also occurlocally. Eskers and kames are commonly associated with hummockymoraine and depressions in the unit contain organic material (pOT).

Topograph in hummocky moraine is irregular and knobby or hilly

13

material may be scarce, but the till itself is amenable to beneficiation in


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some localities. Groundwater potential in the till is generally fair,especially at the contact between bedrock anda till layer of adequatethickness. Also, where the till is greater than 1.5 m in thickness, groundmoraine is considered to be one of the best landforms for attenuationof leachate from septic drain tile fields.

Sampling of the basal till for mineral exploration is most easily andefficiently accomplished in areas of ground moraine. Tracing ofmineralized float could be most rewarding in ground moraine. Geo

chemical anomalies in associated organic and alluvial landforms withinthe ground moraine unit may be of local origin, and follow-up exploration procedures should be easier than in other glacial landforms, suchas hummockymoraine, and glaciolacustrineplains.

The engineering significanceof hummocky moraine is substantial.

The texture of the till makes the unit ideal for use in the large earth embankments required for dams and roads. Also, the chance of finding asizeable source of granular materialswithin hummocky terrain is good.Although conventionalconstruction techniques can normally be usedthroughout, the irregular relief of the unit is far from ideal for routelocation and the possibility of bedrock outcrops exists. Due to theinherent heterogeneous composition of hummockymoraine, sporadicpockets of silt, loose sand, and clay can be expected. Some localitiesmay have an abundance of very large boulders.

Hummocky moraine is probably the best material in the map-area forattenuation of leachate from municipal landfills and septic drain tilefields. Groundwater potential is excellent, and springs are common atth b f l g i l hill i ll d i g t i d f th

14

3.3 GLACIOFLUVIAL:


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Examples:

sGO sgGQ(RN) sgGE sgGKLp-M Lp-D Lnp-D Lt-D

Glaciofluvial outwash deposits (GO) occur as an extensive plain (p)or terrace adjacent to the MontrealRiver, and in scattered localitiesthroughout the map-area. A kame (GK) composed of sand and gravel

(sg) is situated south of Grassy Lake in an area marked by small eskers.Rock knobs (RN) occur in association with many of the glaciofluvialdeposits. Glaciofluvial terrain is generally dry (D), but some depressions are periodically wet (M).

Glaciofluvial terrain is one of the best sources of sand and gravel aggregate in the map-area. Potential reserves appear large, although there hasbeen a considerable amount of material extracted from the MontrealRiver deposit. The terrain also provides excellent foundation conditions for construction of access roads and buildings, although the steeptopography associated with the kames and eskers can cause problems.

Subsurface sand and gravel deposits provide one of the best aquifersin the area for very large supplies of good quality water, but are notsuitable for waste disposal due to their poor attenuation capacity. Thepotential for pollution in glaciofluvialterrain is high.

3.4 GLACIOLACUSTRINE:

15

well-drained (D) terraces (t) or dissected plains (dp) adjacent to streams


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with steep banks. The clay consists of an upper massive unit and a lowervarved unit, which together have been defined as the Barlow-OjibwayFormation (Hughes 1965). The clay ranges in colour from grey throughbuff to red. Rock knobs (RN) occur in places and some small slumpsalong Lake Timiskaming expose striking sequencesof varved clay. Threeprominent terraces occur in the clay on Ile Mann in Lac Temiscaminque,Quebec. Only one prominent raised shoreline was mapped near Hailey-bury.

Deltaic deposits (GD) include a large delta adjacent to Spring Creek inthe northern part of the map-area. The unit has a thickness in excess of10m, consists mainly of gravelly sand (sg), and is well drained.

Aggregate potential in clay terrain is generally poor; however, largegravel deposits may occur at depth in some locations and the deltaicdeposits offer considerable potential. The expense of highway construction in clay terrain is moderate, since aggregate is necessary to improve the road bed but expensive excavations are not necessary. Thegullied nature of the clay in major valleys can pose serious alignmentproblems.

Groundwater potential in clay terrain is poor, but sufficient water fordomestic use can be obtained from gravel and bedrock u nitswhich occurbeneath the clay. Clay terrain is quite well suited to the installation ofseptic drain tile fields. The impermeable nature of the clay effectivelylimits the migration of effluent so that tile fields are usually raised whereinfiltration is slow. The suitability of clay for solid waste disposal canbe considered as fair. Leachate migration is limited due to the imper

bilit f th l h th g d t di

26

3.5 ORGANIC:


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Examples:

pOT pOTLp-M Lp-W

Organic terrain (OT) composed of peat (p) is widespread in the Hailey-bury area, but does not occur in large bodies. Most of those shown arelocated along seepage paths or poorly developed streams, but manymore, too small to be mapped, occur in small local depressions. Theunit is commonly wet throughout the year (W) or periodically (M).

Organic terrain possesses the worst foundation conditions for engineering structures and roads. The unit is very compressible, has low shearstrength, and is water-saturated most of the time. It is commonly classified as hazard land for planning purposes.Groundwater quality is verypoor in organic terrain, and the unit is unsuitable for the location ofseptic drain tile fields.

The success of geochemical prospecting in organic terrain dependslargely on the setting of the unit. A greater number of geochemicalanomalies would probably be found in organic terrain associated with

bedrock and ground moraine units than in organic terrain associatedwith hummocky moraine or extensive glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrineplains.

3.6 ALLUVIAL:

17

consists mainly of sand and gravel. The landform has low (L), planar( ) li f d d d i (D)


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(p) relief and g ood drainage(D).

Gravel bars in alluvial plains provide local aggregate deposits. The unit

has potential for groundwater. Alluvial terrain is unsuitable for septicdrain tile fields and waste disposal, and may be subject to flooding.

3.7 EOLIAN:

Example:

sED(pOT)(sAP)Lp-M

Eolian (ED) deposits are not common in the map-area, but a small oneoccurs in the extreme northwest corner. The unit consists of fine-grainedsand derived by wind erosion of glaciofluvial deposits. It is associatedwith alluvial deposits (AP) and organic bogs (OT). Relief is low (L) anddrainage is mixed (M).

Eolian wind-blown sand in the Haileybury map-area is of little engineering importance and is not suitable as a foundation material nor as awaste disposal site.

18

4.0 REFERENCES:


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Baer, A . J., Poole, W . H., and Sanford, B. V.1978: Riviere Gatineau, Quebec-Ontario; Geological Survey of

Canada, Map 1334A, scale 1:1 000 000. Sheet 31 of theGeologicalAtlas of Canada.

Boissonneau,A . N.1965: Surficial Geology, Algoma, Sudbury, Timiskaming and Nipis

sing; Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Map S465,

scale 1:506 880 or l inch to 8 miles. Surficial geology 1962,1963.1968: Glacial History of Northeastern Ontario II. The Timiskaming-

Algoma Area; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.5,No.l,p.97-109.

Bolton, ThomasE.1970: Echinodermata from the Ordovician Pleurocystites, Crema-crinus) and Silurian Hemi cystites, Protaxocrinus, Macnamara-tylus of Lake Timiskaming Region, Ontario and Quebec;p.59-66 in Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, GeologicalSurvey of Canada, Bulletin187, 123p.

Bostock, H. S.1970: Physiographic Subdivisionsof Canada; p.9-30 in Geology and

Economic Minerals of Canada, edited by R. J. W . Douglas,Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology ReportNo.l, 5th edition, 838p.

C d L d I

19

Cassidy, G. L.1976: Arrow North TheSt f Timiskaming;Highway BookShop


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1976: Arrow North-TheStory of Timiskaming;Highway BookShop,Cobalt, 398p.

Dean, W . G.1956: Glacial Features of the Hearst-CochraneMap-Sheet Area, A n

Aerial Photograph Reconnaissance;The Canadian G eographer,No.8, p.35-45.

Gartner, John F., Mollard, J. D., and Roed, M. A .

in preparation: Ontario Engineering GeologyTerrain Study Users'Manual; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario EngineeringGeologyTerrain Study l.

Guillet, G. R.1967: The Clay Products Industry of Ontario; Ontario Department

of Mines, Industrial Mineral Report 22, 206p. Accompaniedby Maps 2130, 2131, scale l inch to 16 miles.

1977: Clay and Shale Deposits of Ontario, OntarioGeological Survey, Mineral Deposits Circular 15, 117p. Accompanied byMap 2358, scale 1:2 000 000.

Hughes, O. L.1965: Surficial Geologyof Part of the Cochrane Districts, Ontario,

Canada; p.535-565 in International Studies on the Quaternary(collected papers of 7th INQUA Congress,Boulder, Colorado,1965), edited by H. E. W right and David G. Frey, GeologicalSociety of America, SpecialPaper 84, 565p.

H G S

20

Lovell, H. L. and Frey, E. D.1976: Geology of the New Liskeard Area; Ontario Division of Mines


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1976: Geology of the New Liskeard Area; Ontario Division of Mines,Geoscience Report 144, 34p. Accompanied by Maps 2300,2301, scale 1:31 680 or l inch to V mile.

Ontario Land Inventory1976: Land Classification, Haileybury, 31M, Edition l ASE, Series

A501; Ontario Centre for Remote Sensing, Ministry of NaturalResources.

Prest, V . K.1969: Retreat of W isconsin and Recent Ice in North America;Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1257A, scale 1:5 000 000.Compiled 1969.

1970: Quaternary Geology of Canada; p.675-764 in Geology andEconomic Minerals of Canada, edited by R. J. W . Douglas,Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology ReportNo.l, 5th edition, 838p.

Prest, V . K., Grant, D. R. and Rampton, V . N.1967: Glacial Map of Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, Map

1253A, scale 1:5 000 000. Compilation 1964-1966.

Roed, M. A .1979: Elk Lake Area (NTS 41P/NE), District of Timiskaming;

Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario EngineeringGeology Terrain Study 83, 18p. Accompanied by Map 5020,scale 1:100000.

Si l i G W i

21

Springer, Janet1977: Ontario Mineral Potential Gogama Sheet and part of Ville


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1977: Ontario Mineral Potential, Gogama Sheet and part of Ville-Marie Sheet, Districts of Sudbury and Timiskaming;OntarioGeological Survey,Preliminary Map P.1514, Mineral Deposits

Series, scale 1:250 000. Compilation1976, 1977.


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C OR P O F T HE T WP O F HUDSON

Saint Bcttno, de Gui

PQ

Ministry of ^on a m e sA c. Aul dMnser

Natural ^ ^ ^Dr. J. K.ReynodsDeputy Minister

Ontario

Ontario Geological SurveyMap 5024

Northern Ontario EngineeringGeology Terrain Study

Data Base Map

HAILEYBURYNTS 31 M/SW

4830 ' 83W82'00'

B OC


55/55

tMHpOJfRN

Mn-D W)

VINE \\ t V iA M a r i e l ILL

\a m pFort l \

lemscamfceue ' Mifsion\ LPomt\ t

Pone QMe^

B NTING

LpM D/

Kanichee RN tMG)

Branch, M n s r y o Natural Resources

48-QO'

4730

4700

4830'

V410/NE

R I D O U T

^ ^kRamsey

r

Metagama

42ASW

\kenagam

4 1 P / N 1

G J J u A M Ai (Gusama

URXw cr i J j4 ip ; s \

l W E S T R E EOnapng \

\cfi 1i;

B A R RL A K EGOGAMA L

83 00 S2 00 8TOO 90'00'

INDEX TO ADJOINING SHEETS

1:100000

1 2 4

79-00

One cenmere represents one knmnrr

ENGINEERING TERRAIN LEGEND

The legendcomprises four man components arranged as folows:

MATERIAL

TOPOGRAPHY

LANDFORM

DRAINAGE

xamples dominant landorm

material subordnate landorm

drainage

reliefof subordnae landorm

topographic variety of dominant land orm

pOT/sSo

-sash indcates a veneerofonelandorm overlying asecond landorm

Lp-W

LETTER SYMBOLSMATERIAL

b bouders,boulderyc cay,cayeyg g a v e , grave yp pea,muck

MORAINAL

LANDFORMS

ME E nd moraineMG GoundmoraineMHHummocky moraine

GD Ice contact dela, eskerdela, kame d e la , d e l amoraine

G E Esker, eskercomplex, c r evasse f i ln g

GK Ka me , k a me fied, k a meterrace, k a me moraine

GO Outwash p a n v a eytrain

GLACIOLACUSTRINELB Raised (abandoned) beach

ridgeIDGaco acusr ne deltaLP Gacoacusrne plain

TOPOGRAPHYLOCAL RELIEF

H Mainly high locare eM Mainly moderate loca re

lefL Mainly l o w loc a r e e

VARIETY

c channeleddd sseced, g u le dj jagged,rugged,cl ffedj* clffy volcanic rocksigna

turek k e e d, pttedn knobby,hummocky

DRANAGES U R FA C ECONDTION

W We tD DryM Mxed wet and dry

r rubbes sand,sandym s i l , s i l y

til

ALLUVIAL

AP Aluval plain

COLLUVIAL

CS SopefailureCT Taus pleCW Sopewash and debris

creepshee, minor taus

EOLAN

ED Sanddunes

ORGANIC

OT Organicterrain

BEDROCK

RL Bedrock plateaufN Bedrock knobRP Be d r o c kplainR R Be d r o c krdge/R Bedrock beow a drift

p p a inr ridgeds slopngt terracedu undulating to r o ln gwwashed, reworked

h Su s p e c t e dhgh waer table

GRAPHIC SYMBOLSMao end moraine (symbollocaed ove rdge cres ipresent)

Well expressed rirumlms anddrumnod ridges

All other l near ice-fow features

Esker ridge (contnuous, discontnuous; the symbo d o e sno indcaedrecdon of How)

Abandonedshore ne(conn-**| uous, dscon nuous)

Local dune area type and locaon of indv dual dunes noindcaed)

Abandoned river channel,splway, or ice margnalchannes

Escarpment

THI S PROJ ECT WAS FUNDEDBY THE ONTARI OMINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAI RS.

Small landsdescar

Q u ar r y o r m n e w o r k n gs evident from airphotos or fieldobservation (crossedpcks areshown in the area of openexcava on)

Other man-made features(rock dumps, ta ings, lagoons, landils, ec type ofeature mentioned whereidentifiabe)

Se e p -w a le d v a l e ys , o f t enbedrock-controled features(continuous, dscontinuous)

Talus (deined, inferred b a s eof talus triangle indcatesdownslope side of escarpmen)

Lne joining thesame terrainunits

NOTE l:

This map is intended to b e an inventory o regonal engneeringterrain condtions. Itspurpose is to provde a guide for engneering and resource panning functions. T heboundaries o theterrain units shown on themap are approximate ony, consistent w th a1100,000 scae Se specific investigations are requred in order to obain de ailedinformation for a particular area. Themapusershouldreer to theaccompanying report fora fuler descripion of terrain in the study area

N O T E 2;

Colour is used toenhance what is consideredto be the dominant engneeringcondtion insmpe, compex or layered terrain units

NOT 3:

No all leter and graphc symbos shown in the legend necessarily appearon this maps h e e t .

Inormaton Irom thispubcaton ma y b e quoed if approprate credt is given.Re f e r e n c eto hs map is recommended as fo ows:

Roed, M A and Ha e , D R.

979 NorthernOntaro Engineering GeologyTerrain Study,Data Base Ma p , Haileybury.OnaroGeoogca Survey, Map 5024 Scale 1100 000

Documents

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Study 90 Haileybury Area_NOEGTS090