Retour aux Chagos : l’appel d’Olivier Bancoult rejeté par la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni

7/25/2019 Retour aux Chagos : lappel dOlivier Bancoult rejet par la Cour suprme du Royaume-Uni

1/75

Zr`c`ty Zdrl

R875>\ TB_O ?4

Fc eppdea nrfl= R877;\ TBKA >5

MTJILDCZ

X (fc tkd eppa`oet`fc fn Hecofuat (Cf 8))

(Eppdaaect) v_dordtery fn _tetd nfr Nfrd`ic ecj

Ofllfcwdeatk Enne`rs (Xdspfcjdct)

hdnfrd

Afrj Cduhdridr, Wrds`jdct

Aejy Kead, Jdputy Wrds`jdct

Afrj Lecod

Afrj Bdrr

Afrj Oaerbd

MTJILDCZ I@^DC FC

80 Mucd 875>

Kderj fc 88 Mucd 8754


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Eppdaaect Xdspfcjdct

Djwerj N`tzidreaj UO _tdvdc Bfvets UO

Weua Kerr`s _O B`drfc Hdea UO

Elea Oaffcdy Mua`ec Haebd

(@cstruotdj hy Oa`nnfrj

Okecod AAW)

(@cstruotdj hy Zkd

Ifvdrcldct Adiea

Jdpertldct)


3/75

Weid 8

AFXJ LECOD= (w`tk wkfl Afrj Cduhdridr ecj Afrj Oaerbd eirdd)

@ctrfjuot`fc

5. @c 877; Afrj H`cikel fn Ofrckàa ecj @ wdrd tkd j`ssdct`ci l`cfr`ty wkdc

tkd lemfr`ty `c X (Hecofuat) v _dordtery fn _tetd nfr Nfrdìc ecj Ofllfcwdeatk

Enne`rs (Cf 8) R877;\ TBKA >5, R8770\ EO :4? (Hecofuat Cf 8) eaafwdj tkd

_dordtery fn _tetds eppdea ecj upkdaj tkd vea`j`ty fn sdot`fc 0 fn tkd Hr`t`sk @cjèc

Fodec Zdrr`tfry (Ofcst`tut`fc) Frjdr 877: (tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr). _dot`fc

0 prfv`jds tket, s`cod tkd Hr`t`sk @cjèc Fodec Zdrr`tfry (H@FZ) wes sdt es`jd nfr

jdndcod purpfsds, cf pdrsfc skeaa kevd ecy rìkt fn ehfjd tkdrd (sdot`fc 0(5)) ecjnurtkdr tket cf pdrsfc skeaa hd dct`tadj tf dctdr fr hd prdsdct tkdrd dxodpt es

eutkfr`sdj hy tkd Frjdr `tsdan fr ecy ftkdr aew.

8. @ kevd cft okecidj ly fp`c`fc es tf wket wfuaj kevd hddc tkd epprfprètd

futofld fn tkd eppdea tf tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs. Hut tket `s cft tkd `ssud hdnfrd us. Zkd`ssud hdnfrd us `s wkdtkdr tkd lemfr`ty jdo`s`fc skfuaj hd sdt es`jd, cft fc tkd

irfucjs tket `t wes wrfci `c aew, hut fc irfucjs tket tkd _dordtery fn _tetd neàdj,

`c hrdeok fn k`s juty fn oecjfur `c puhaò aew prfoddj`cis, tf j`soafsd rdadvectjfouldcts ofcte`c`ci `cnfrlet`fc wkòk `t `s se`j wfuaj kevd hddc a`bday tf kevd

enndotdj tkd neotuea hes`s fc wkòk tkd Kfusd prfoddjdj. Zket wes tket tkd _dordtery

fn _tetd, wkdc dceot`ci sdot`fc 0, ofuaj must`nèhay rday fc tkd steid 8H rdpfrt

prdperdj hy Wfsnfrj Kesbfc`ci Atj (Wfsnfrj) nfr `ts ofcoaus`fc tket ecy afci-tdrl rdsdttadldct fc tkd futay`ci Okeifs @saecjs wes `cndes`had, ftkdr tkec et

prfk`h`t`vd ofst. @c ejjrdss`ci tkd `ssud cfw hdnfrd us, wd erd hfucj hy tkd adiea

rdesfc`ci wkòk adj tkd lemfr`ty tf `ts ofcoaus`fc - `cjddj, stròtay hfucj w`tkfutpfss`hà`ty fn rdofursd tf tkd Wreotòd _tetdldct (Mujòèa Wrdodjdct)R50>>\ 5 YAX

58?:, s`cod tk`s `s ec eppaòet`fc `c tkd seld prfoddj`cis.

?.

Zkd rdadvect jfouldcts erd ofcvdc`dctay jdsor`hdj es tkd Xesk`jjfouldcts, entdr Ls Xesk`j, tkd jdpfcdct nrfl tkd Zrdesury _faò`tfrs

Jdpertldct wkf hy w`tcdss stetdldct jetdj 5 Ley 8758 n`rst prfjuodj tkdl. _kd

j`j tk`s w`tkfut oflldctery `c Ejl`c`stret`vd Ofurt prfoddj`cis `c Hecofuat (Cf

?), rdierj`ci tkd jdoaeret`fc fn e Ler`t`ld Wrftdotdj ]fcd (LWE) `c tkd kìk sdes

erfucj H@FZ. Ls Xesk`j lejd oader tket skd kej cf pdrsfcea bcfwadjid fn dvdctsadej`ci tf tkd dera`dr neàurd tf j`soafsd. Zket tkd neàurd tf j`soafsd tkd Xesk`j

jfouldcts `c tkdHecofuat Cf 8prfoddj`cis wes ouapehad `s cft, ecj ofuaj cft hd,

j`sputdj. Fc tkd ftkdr kecj, `t `s eoodptdj tket `t wes cft `ctdct`fcea ecj j`j cft`cvfavd ecy hej ne`tk. @ skeaa ejjrdss tkd o`roulstecods, tkd ofctdcts fn tkd

jfouldcts ecj tkd`r sìc`nòecod `c jud ofursd.


4/75

Weid ?

:. @c ejj`t`fc tf rday`ci fc tkd eaadidj hrdeok fn oecjfur, Lr Hecofuat easf

sddbs tf ejjuod nfur kdejs fn cdw letdrèa, put nfrwerj es ofcst`tut`ci dv`jdcoduceveàehad et tkd t`ld fn tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs jdo`s`fc. Eaa erd se`j tf if tf tkd

rdaèhà`ty fn tkd steid 8H rdpfrt, tf ucjdrl`cd fr `cvea`jetd tkd hes`s fc wkòk tkd

Kfusd prfoddjdj ecj tf ofcst`tutd ec `cjdpdcjdct must`nòet`fc nfr rd-fpdc`ci tkd

jdo`s`fc. @ wàa rdvdrt tf tk`s irfucj fn eppaòet`fc aetdr `c tk`s mujildct, ecj nfous

`c tkd ldecwkàd fc tkd eaadidj hrdeok fn oecjfur.

Zkd mur`sjòt`fc tf sdt es`jd `c oesds fn ucne`r prfodjurd ecj nrdsk dv`jdcod

4. Tcne`r prfodjurd=Zkdrd `s cf jfuht tket tkd _uprdld Ofurt kes `ckdrdct

mur`sjòt`fc tf ofrrdot ecy `cmustòd oeusdj hy ec dera`dr mujildct fn `tsdan fr `ts

prdjdodssfr, tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs, tkfuik `t `s easf oader tket `t wàa cft rd-fpdc ecy

eppdea sevd `c o`roulstecods wkdrd, tkrfuik cf neuat fn e perty, kd fr skd kes hddcsuhmdotdj tf ec ucne`r prfodjurd ecj tket tkdrd oec hd cf qudst`fc fn tket jdo`s`fc

hd`ci ver`dj fr rdso`cjdj hy e aetdr frjdr lejd `c tkd seld oesd must hdoeusd `t `stkfuikt tket tkd n`rst frjdr `s wrfci= X v Hfw _trddt Ldtrfpfa`tec _t`pdcjèry

Lei`stretd, Dx p W`cfokdt Tiertd (Cf 8) R8777\ 5 EO 550,pdr Afrj Hrfwcd-

Yàb`csfc. Fcd pertys neàurd tf j`soafsd rdadvect jfouldctery `cnfrlet`fc `s

oaderay oepehad fn suhmdot`ci tkd ftkdr perty tf ec ucne`r prfodjurd.

>. Kfwdvdr, e jdo`s`fc tf rd-fpdc ec eppdea easf kes `lpfrtect dveauet`vd es

wdaa es j`sordt`fcery espdots. Zkd prdsdct eppaòect wes, `c `ts eppaòet`fc tf sdtes`jd (peres 570-5?7), ofctdct tf dxprdss tkd dveauet`vd espdot `c tdrls usdj `c ec

eceafifus ofctdxt `c tkd Ofurt fn Eppdea `c Zeyafr v AewrdcodR8778\ DYOE O`v

072 R877?\ UH 48; ecj nfaafwdj hy tkd Wr`vy Ofucoà `cHe`c v Zkd UuddcR8770\

TBWO :. Es tkd Wr`vy Ofucoà se`j `c tkd aettdr oesd et pere >, quft`ci Afrj Yffan

OM et p 4:9 `c tkd nfrldr oesd=

Yket wàa hd fn tkd irdetdst `lpfrtecod `s tket `t skfuaj hd

oaderay dsteha`skdj tket e sìc`nòect `cmustòd kes prfhehay

foourrdj ecj tket tkdrd `s cf eatdrcet`vd dnndot`vd rdldjy.

9. Nrdsk dv`jdcod=Zket tkd mur`sjòt`fc tf sdt es`jd easf dxtdcjs tf s`tuet`fcs

wkdrd nrdsk dv`jdcod `s j`sofvdrdj entdr e mujildct kes hddc rdcjdrdj wkòk `s cft

susodpt`had fn eppdea `s easf rdofic`sdj `c Ofurt fn Eppdea eutkfr`ty=@c rd TR8774\

DYOE O`v 482 R8774\ 5 YAX 8?0; Ndeb`cs v Jdpertldct fn Dcv`rfcldct, Nffj

ecj Xurea Enne`rs R877>\ DYOE O`v >00. Zkd aettdr wes e oesd wkdrd `t wesj`sofvdrdj tket e JDNXE fnnòèa kej prfv`jdj letdrèaay `cofrrdot `cnfrlet`fc tf

tkd ofurt `c e w`tcdss stetdldct. @c deok oesd, kfwdvdr, `t wes dlpkes`sdj tket `t

wes cft sunnò`dct s`lpay tf rday fc tkd pr`co`pads `cAejj v Lerskeaa R504:\ 5 YAX


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Weid :

5:;0, wkòk eppay wkdc nrdsk dv`jdcod `s sfuikt tf hd ejjuodj nfr fr fc ec eppdea.

Xetkdr, es `t wes put `c@c rd T, pere 88,

t lust et adest hd skfwc, cft ldrday tket tkd nrdsk dv`jdcod

jdlfcstretds e rdea pfss`hà`ty tket ec drrfcdfus rdsuat weserr`vdj et `c tkd dera`dr prfoddj`cis , hut tket tkdrd dx`sts e

pfwdrnua prfhehà`ty tket suok e rdsuat kes `c neot hddcpdrpdtretdj.

Zk`s stetdldct wes quftdj nrfl ecj eoodptdj `c tkd eppaòet`fc tf sdt es`jd, pere

585. Nurtkdr, es tf tkd j`sordt`fcery espdot, tkd ofurt cftdj `c Ndeb`cs=

Zkd ofurt R`c@c rd T\ kdaj tket, eatkfuik tket wes e cdodsseryofcj`t`fc, `t wes cft sunnò`dct2 tkd ofurt wfuaj kevd easf tf

ofcs`jdr tkd dxtdct tf wkòk tkd oflpae`c`ci perty wes eutkfr

fn k`s fwc l`snfrtucd ecj tket tkdrd wes cf eatdrcet`vd

rdldjy.

;. @c frea suhl`ss`fcs, Lr Djwerj N`tzidreaj UO j`j cft j`rdotay okeaadcid tkd

ehfvd pr`co`pads es stetdj `c @c rdT, stet`ci `c k`s rdpay tket tkdrd wes cftk`ci

hdtwddc tkd pert`ds fc mur`sjòt`fc. Kfwdvdr, `c k`s wr`ttdc spdeb`ci cftd, j`rdotdj

spdo`nòeaay tf mur`sjòt`fc `c rdspfcsd tf tkd ofurts `cv`tet`fc tf nfous fc tk`s, tkd

lettdr wes put j`nndrdctay, ecj es nfaafws (pere 8.:(`v))=

Es tf wkdtkdr tkdrd wfuaj cfw hd e j`nndrdct futofld, `t `s

suhl`ttdj tket `t `s fcay cdodssery tf skfw et tk`s tkrdskfaj

steid tket tkdrd ley wdaa hd e j`nndrdct futofld fc e

rdofcs`jdret`fc.

_dd easf, di tkd suhl`ss`fc (pere ;.;) tket Jr _kdpkdrj ley wdaa kevd kej ec exd

tf ir`cj. Nfr ly pert, pertòuaeray wkdrd, es kdrd, e perty kes neàdj tf j`soafsd tkdjfouldcts wkòk `t `s cfw suhl`ttdj ofcst`tutdj `lpfrtect dv`jdcod, @ prdndr tf

adevd fpdc wkdtkdr e tdst fn prfhehà`ty fr, `c tkd ofctdxt fn nrdsk dv`jdcod,

pfwdrnua prfhehà`ty `s tff `cnadx`had tf oetdr nfr eaa pfss`hà`t`ds. Zkd

dirdi`fuscdss fn e prfodjurea hrdeok ecj/fr tkd j`nnòuaty fn essdss`ci tkd

ofcsdqudcods fn suok e hrdeok fr fn tkd sìc`nòecod fn nrdsk dv`jdcod lìkt, `t

sddls tf ld, `c sfld s`tuet`fcs là`tetd `c nevfur fn e saìktay afwdr tdst, pdrkeps

dvdc es afw es (tkfuik @ jf cft jdo`jd tk`s) wkdtkdr tkd hrdeok ley wdaa kevd kej

e jdo`s`vd dnndot fn tkd futofld fn tkd prdv`fus jdo`s`fc. @ skeaa ofcs`jdr tkd prdsdct

eppaòet`fc c tket aìkt easf, eatkfuik @ jf cft c tkd dvdct ofcs`jdr tket tkd futofld

fn tk`s eppaòet`fc jdpdcjs et ecy pf`ct fc tkd tdst eppa`dj.


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Weid 4

Zkd ofursd fn dvdcts adej`ci tf tkd prdsdct eppaòet`fc

0. Zkd rdirdttehad neots ay`ci hdk`cj tkdsd ecj ftkdr prfoddj`cis suok es X

(Hecofuat) v _dordtery fn _tetd nfr Nfrdìc ecj Ofllfcwdeatk Enne`rs (Cf 5) ecj

(Cf ?)wdrd futa`cdj hy Afrj Kfnnlecc `c peres 5-?7 fn k`s mujildct `c HecofuatCf 8, `c tdrls wkòk hftk Afrj H`cikel ecj @ eoodptdj w`tk fcay e ndw (prdsdctay

`lletdrèa) quea`nòet`fcs= sdd peres >; ecj 5?9-5?0. H@FZ ofcs`sts fn tkd Okeifs@saecjs, tkd aeridst hd`ci J`dif Ieroè. @c 50>> tkd Tc`tdj B`cijfl eirddj `c

pr`co`pad tf lebd H@FZ eveàehad tf tkd Tc`tdj _tetds nfr et adest 47 yders nfr

jdndcod purpfsds, ecj w`tk dnndot nrfl Muay 5095 tkd Tc`tdj _tetds tffb fvdr J`dif

Ieroè es e hesd. Et tkd seld t`ld, hy tkd @llìret`fc Frj`cecod 5095, tkd

Ofll`ss`fcdr fn H@FZ prfk`h`tdj ecy pdrsfc nrfl dctdr`ci fr hd`ci `c H@FZ

w`tkfut e pdrl`t `ssudj hy ec `llìret`fc fnnòdr.

57. Lr Hecofuat rdprdsdcts Okeifssècs (fr @af`s), `cjìdcfus `ckeh`tects fn

H@FZ, wkfsd rdlfvea ecj rdsdttadldct tkd Tc`tdj B`cijfl prfourdj hdtwddc 50>;ecj 509? hy ver`fus cfc-nfrodnua ldecs w`tk e oeaafus j`srdierj fn tkd`r `ctdrdsts

(Afrj Kfnnlecc, pere 57). Oflpdcset`fc, `c`tèaay `c tkd 5097s fn >47,777 ecj

tkdc `c 50;8 fn e nurtkdr :l `c e trust nucj sdt up ucjdr e Leur`tèc stetutd, wes

pe`j ecj eoodptdj `c set`sneot`fc fn eaa oae`ls hy lfst (sfld 5,?:7) Okeifssècs,

tkfuik e ndw rdnusdj tf sìc. E okeaadcid tf tk`s sdttadldct wes aetdr lejd hut struob

fut es ec ehusd fn prfodss hy Fusdady M `c Okeifs @saecjdrs v Ettfrcdy Idcdrea

R877?\ DYKO 8888 (UH), adevd tf eppdea hd`ci rdnusdj hy tkd Ofurt fn Eppdea

R877:\ DYOE O`v 009. Fusdady Ms mujildct lejd oader tket tkdrd wes cf nurtkdrdofcflò fhaìet`fc fc tkd Tc`tdj B`cijfl tf nucj rdsdttadldct `c H@FZ.

55. E okeaadcid tf tkd @llìret`fc Frj`cecod 5095 wes fc tkd ftkdr kecj

suoodssnua. @c X (Hecofuat) v _dordtery fn _tetd nfr Nfrdìc ecj Ofllfcwdeatk

Enne`rs (Cf 5) R8775\ UH 57>9, tkd J`v`s`fcea Ofurt jdo`jdj tket tkd Ofll`ss`fcdr

nfr H@FZs pfwdr tf adi`saetd nfr tkd pdeod, frjdr ecj iffj ifvdrcldct fn H@FZ

j`j cft `coaujd e pfwdr tf dxpda `ts `ckeh`tects. Zkd tkdc Nfrdìc _dordtery, Lr

Xfh`c Offb, stetdj puhaòay tket kd eoodptdj tk`s jdo`s`fc, ecj rdvfbdj tkd 5095

Frj`cecod hy tkd @llìret`fc Frj`cecod 8777. Zk`s ofcn`cdj tkd rdstròt`fc fcdctry fr prdsdcod tf pdrsfcs cft Hr`t`sk Jdpdcjdct Zdrr`tfr`ds o`t`zdcs hy v`rtud fn

tkd`r ofccdot`fc w`tk H@FZ. Lr Offb easf eccfucodj tket e rdodctay oflpadtdj

ndes`hà`ty stujy `ctf tkd prfspdots fn rdsdtta`ci tkd @af`s wfuaj cfw prfoddj tf e

sdofcj steid. Zk`s wes frì`ceaay `ctdcjdj tf `cvfavd twf pkesds, tkd n`rst (Wkesd

8E) rdaet`ci tf kyjrfafiòea lfc`tfr`ci, tkd sdofcj (Wkesd 8H) tf e lfrd idcdrea

dxel`cet`fc, pr`fr tf e ofst-hdcdn`t eceays`s (Wkesd ?). Zkd sdofcj steid rdpfrts

wdrd ucjdrtebdc hy Wfsnfrj es prfmdot leceidrs.


7/75

Weid >

58. @c tkd dvdct, tkd n`rst twf pkesds wdrd eleaieletdj, adej`ci tf e rdpfrt

dct`tadj steid 8H puha`skdj `c Muay 8778. @ts Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs, pere 5.55,stetdj=

Zf ofcoaujd, wkàst `t ley hd ndes`had tf rdsdttad tkd `saecjs `ctkd skfrt-tdrl, tkd ofsts fn le`cte`c`ci afci-tdrl `ckeh`tet`fc

erd a`bday tf hd prfk`h`t`vd. Dvdc `c tkd skfrt-tdrl, cetureadvdcts suok es pdr`fjò naffj`ci nrfl stfrls ecj sd`slò

eot`v`ty erd a`bday tf lebd a`nd j`nnòuat nfr e rdsdttadj

pfpuaet`fc.

5?. Zkd _dordtery fn _tetd `c tk`s aìkt jdo`jdj cft tf prfoddj w`tk Wkesd ?,

tdrl`cetdj ofcs`jdret`fc fn rd-sdttadldct ecj fc 57 Mucd 877: `ctrfjuodj e cdw

prfk`h`t`fc fc rds`jdcod c H@FZ hy sdot`fc 0 fn tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr, tf tkddnndot sdt fut `c pere 5 ehfvd. E cdw @llìret`fc Frjdr 877: wes et tkd seld t`ld

easf dceotdj, hut cddjs cf sdperetd trdetldct kdrd. Zkd prdsdct prfoddj`cis wdrdhdiuc nfr mujòèa rdv`dw tf quesk sdot`fc 0 fn tkd Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr. Zkdy

suooddjdj hdnfrd tkd J`v`s`fcea Ofurt ecj Ofurt fn Eppdea, hut neàdj hy e lemfr`ty

fn tkrdd tf twf hdnfrd tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs.

5:. Eaa ldlhdrs fn tkd Kfusd eoodptdj tket tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr wessusodpt`had tf mujòèa rdv`dw fc frj`cery pr`co`pads fn adiea`ty, ret`fcea`ty ecj

prfodjurea `lprfpr`dty. Hut tkd lemfr`ty (Afrj Kfnnlecc, Afrj Xfjidr fnDerasndrry ecj Afrj Oerswdaa) kdaj= tket, eatkfuik tkd Okeifssècs kej kej

`lpfrtect ofllfc aew rìkts fn ehfjd, tkdy wdrd cft sf nucjeldctea tket tkdy ofuaj

cft hd rdlfvdj hy sdot`fc 02 tket tkd _dordtery fn _tetds jdo`s`fc tf rdlfvd suok

rìkts, tf rd`lpfsd `llìret`fc ofctrfa ecj tf prdvdct rdsdttadldct wes `c tkd

o`roulstecods cd`tkdr ucrdesfcehad cfr ec ehusd fn pfwdr2 ecj tket tkd prdv`fusNfrdìc _dordterys stetdldcts `c 8777 (pere 55ehfvd) j`j cft elfuct tf e oader

ecj ucelhìufus prfl`sd tket tkd Okeifssècs wfuaj hd pdrl`ttdj tf rdturc ecj

sdttad pdrlecdctay ordet`ci ecy adi`t`letd dxpdotet`fc fc wkòk tkdy ofuaj cfw

rday. Afrj H`cikel ecj @ tffb tkd fppfs`td v`dw fc tkdsd pf`cts, ecj wfuaj kevd

j`sl`ssdj tkd _dordtery fn _tetds eppdea.

54. Jur`ci tkd prfoddj`cis cf okeaadcid wes lejd fr suiidstdj tf tkd steid 8H

rdpfrt fr `ts n`cj`cis. Zkd _dordtery fn _tetd rda`dj fc `ts n`cj`cis `c pere 57> fn k`s

sbdadtfc eriuldct hdnfrd tkd Ejl`c`stret`vd Ofurt jetdj 84 Cfvdlhdr 877:,

stet`ci=

`c ecy dvdct, tkd jdndcject suhl`ts tket `t oeccft

ofcod`vehay hd se`j tf hd `rret`fcea nfr stdps tf hd tebdc tf

dcsurd tket tkd HaFZ `s cft rdsdttadj `c o`roulstecods wkdrd cf


8/75

Weid 9

vèhad afci-tdrl rdsdttadldct oec hd suppfrtdj2 wkdrd tkd ofsts

fn rdsdttadldct wfuaj hd dxtdcs`vd, prfk`h`t`vday dxpdcs`vdecj pftdctèaay fpdc-dcjdj2 ecj wkdrd tkd TBs jdndcod

`ctdrdsts ecj trdety fhaìet`fcs strfciay là`tetd eie`cst

pdrl`tt`ci rdsdttadldct fn tkd erok`pdaeif.

_`r _yjcdy Bdctr`jid UO dxprdssay j`sevfwdj ecy okeaadcid tf tkd rdpfrtsofcoaus`fcs wkdc fpdc`ci tkd Okeifssècs oesd hdnfrd tkd J`v`s`fcea Ofurt fc >

Jdodlhdr 87742 ecj eldcjdj pertòuaers put hdnfrd tket Ofurt fc 5? Jdodlhdr

8774 fc tkd `ssud fn `rret`fcea`ty a`bdw`sd lejd cf suok okeaadcid.

5>. Hdnfrd tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs tkd steid 8H rdpfrt ecj `ts n`cj`cis wdrd dqueaay

ucofctdct`fus. Eaa ldlhdrs fn tkd Kfusd prfoddjdj fc tket hes`s. Zkd eriuldct fc

hdkean fn tkd Okeifssècs wes tkrfuikfut tket tkd n`cj`cis j`j cft must`ny tkd leb`cifn tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr. Afrj H`cikel ecj @ eoodptdj tket eriuldct, hut tkd

lemfr`ty rdmdotdj `t ecj, tf j`nndr`ci dxtdcts, jdpafydj tkd rdadvect n`cj`cis `c tkd`rrdesfc`ci. Afrj Kfnnlecc et pere 4? se`j tk`s=

4?. @ tk`cb `t `s vdry `lpfrtect tket `c jdo`j`ci wkdtkdr e

ldesurd enndots nucjeldctea rìkts fr kes prfnfucjay `ctrus`vd

dnndots, fcd skfuaj ofcs`jdr wket tkfsd rìkts ecj dnndotseotueaay erd. @n wd wdrd `c 50>; ecj ofcodrcdj w`tk e prfpfsea

tf rdlfvd tkd Okeifssècs nrfl tkd`r `saecjs w`tk a`ttad fr cfprfv`s`fc nfr tkd`r nuturd, tket wfuaj `cjddj hd e prfnfucjay

`ctrus`vd ldesurd enndot`ci tkd`r nucjeldctea rìkts. Hut tket

wes lecy yders eif, tkd jddj kes hddc jfcd, tkd wrfci

ofcndssdj, oflpdcset`fc eirddj ecj pe`j. Zkd wey fn a`nd tkd

Okeifssècs adj kes hddc `rrdperehay jdstrfydj. Zkd

preotòea`t`ds fn tfjey erd tket tkdy wfuaj hd ucehad tf dxdro`sd

ecy rìkt tf a`vd `c tkd futdr `saecjs w`tkfut n`cecoèa suppfrt

wkòk tkd Hr`t`sk ifvdrcldct s ucwàa`ci tf prfv`jd ecj wkòk

jfds cft eppder tf hd nfrtkofl`ci nrfl ecy ftkdr sfurod.

Jur`ci tkd nfur yders tket tkd @llìret`fc Frj`cecod 8777 wes`c nfrod, cftk`ci keppdcdj. Cf fcd wdct tf a`vd fc tkd `saecjs.

Zkus tkd`r rìkt fn ehfjd `s, es @ se`j dera`dr, purday sylhfaò.

@n `t `s dxdro`sdj hy sdtt`ci up sfld oelp fc tkd `saecjs, tket

wàa hd e sylhfa, e idsturd, e`ldj et putt`ci prdssurd fc tkd

ifvdrcldct. Zkd wkfad fn tk`s a`tìet`fc `s, es @ se`j `c X v

Mfcds (Lerierdt) R8779\ 5 EO 5?>, 599, tkd ofct`cuet`fc fn

prftdst hy ftkdr ldecs. Cf fcd jdc`ds tkd `lpfrtecod fn tkd

rìkt tf prftdst, hut wkdc fcd ofcs`jdrs tkd rìkts `c `ssud `c

tk`s oesd, wkòk kevd tf hd wdìkdj `c tkd heaecod eie`cst tkd

jdndcod ecj j`pafletò `ctdrdsts fn tkd stetd, `t skfuaj hd sddcnfr wket `t `s, es e rìkt tf prftdst `c e pertòuaer wey ecj cft es


9/75

Weid ;

e rìkt tf tkd sdour`ty fn fcds kfld fr tf a`vd `c fcds

kfldaecj. @t `s fn ofursd trud tket e pdrsfc jfds cft afsd e rìkthdoeusd `t hdoflds j`nnòuat tf dxdro`sd fr hdoeusd kd wàa ie`c

cf rdea ejvecteid hy jf`ci sf. Hut wkdc e adi`saet`vd hfjy `s

ofcs`jdr`ci e okecid `c tkd aew wkòk wàa jdpr`vd k`l fn tket

rìkt, `t oeccft hd `rret`fcea fr ucne`r tf ofcs`jdr tkd preotòea

ofcsdqudcods fn jf`ci sf. @cjddj, t wfuaj hd rret`fcea cft tf.

(`teaòs ejjdj nfr dlpkes`s)

59. Afrj Xfjidr et peres 557-55: se`j=

557. _dot`fc 0 fn tkd Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr rdlfvds ecy rìkt fn

ehfjd fc tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif wkòk tkd oae`lect fr

ecyfcd dasd ley kevd kej. @t `s e sterb prfv`s`fc. Hut tkd_dordtery fn _tetds jdo`s`fc tf kevd `t dceotdj ecj tkd dnndot

fn tket jdo`s`fc kevd tf hd mujidj eie`cst tkd o`roulstecods ettkd t`ld `t wes tebdc. Cf-fcd wes tkdc eotueaay a`v`ci fc tkd

futdr `saecjs ecj, dvdc tkfuik tkd `saecjdrs kej dcmfydj e rìkt

tf rdturc s`cod Cfvdlhdr 8777, cfcd fn tkdl kej jfcd sf.

Zkdy wdrd `cstdej sddb`ci suppfrt nrfl tkd TB ecj T_

ifvdrcldcts tf n`cecoèaay ess`st tkd`r rdturc fr eatdrcet`vday tf

prfv`jd oflpdcset`fc= Ndes`hà`ty _tujy Wkesd 8H, Dxdout`vd

_ullery, pere 5.5. Lfrd `lpfrtectay, tkdrd wes cf prfspdot

tket ecyfcd wfuaj hd ehad tf a`vd fc tkd futdr `saecjs, dxodptfc e suhs`stdcod hes`s, `c tkd nfrdsddehad nuturd= Ndes`hà`ty

_tujy Wkesd 8H, Dxdout`vd _ullery, pere 5.55. _`r _yjcdy j`j

cft j`sputd tk`s, hut ofctdcjdj tket `t wes `rrdadvect. @c ftkdr

wfrjs, tkd pfs`t`fc wes must tkd seld es `n pdfpad kej eotueaay

hddc a`v`ci fc tkd `saecjs wkdc tkd Frjdrs wdrd lejd. @ el

ucehad tf eoodpt tket suhl`ss`fc. Zkd `lpeot fn tkd adi`saet`fc

fc tkd pdfpad ofcodrcdj wfuaj hd vdry j`nndrdct `c tkd twf

s`tuet`fcs. @c ly v`dw, `c rdv`dw`ci tkd _dordtery fn _tetds

jdo`s`fc tf rdlfvd tkd rìkt fn ehfjd, `t `s rdadvect tket tkdrd

wes eotueaay cf prfspdot fn tkd Okeifssècs hd`ci ehad tf a`vdfc tkd futdr `saecjs `c tkd nfrdsddehad nuturd. Zkd ifvdrcldct

eoodpts, fn ofursd, tket tkdy oec eppay nfr pdrl`ts tf v`s`t tkd

`saecjs ecj tket ec ucrdesfcehad rdnusea ofuaj hd mujòèaay

rdv`dwdj. _uok v`s`ts kevd tebdc paeod `c tkd pest.

555. Eie`cst tket heobirfucj, oec `t hd se`j tket cf

rdesfcehad _dordtery fn _tetd ofuaj kevd jdo`jdj tf kevd

sdot`fc 0 dceotdj6


10/75

Weid 0

558. Fc 54 Mucd 877: e muc`fr l`c`stdr, Lr Xelldaa, lejd

e wr`ttdc stetdldct tf Weraèldct. K`s iffj ne`tk kes cft hddc`lpuicdj hy tkd rdspfcjdct. Zkd stetdldct skfws tket, `c

jdo`j`ci tf adi`saetd tf prdvdct pdfpad rdsdtta`ci fc tkd futdr

`saecjs, tkd ifvdrcldct tffb `ctf eoofuct tkd neot tket tkd

dofcflò ofcj`t`fcs ecj `cnrestruoturd wkòk kej fcod

suppfrtdj tkd wey fn a`nd fn tkd Okeifssècs kej odesdj tf

dx`st. _fldtk`ci cdw wfuaj kevd tf hd jdv`sdj. Zkd ejvòd

wes tket tkd ofst fn prfv`j`ci tkd cdodssery suppfrt nfr

pdrlecdct rdsdttadldct wes a`bday tf hd prfk`h`t`vd ecj tket

ceturea dvdcts wdrd a`bday tf lebd a`nd j`nnòuat nfr ecy rdsdttadj

pfpuaet`fc. Kulec `ctdrndrdcod w`tk`c tkd etfaas wes a`bday tf

dxeodrhetd strdss fc tkd ler`cd ecj tdrrdstrèa dcv`rfcldct

ecj wfuaj eoodadretd tkd dnndots fn iafhea werl`ci. Naffj`ci

wfuaj hd a`bday tf hdofld lfrd nrdqudct ecj wfuaj tkrdetdc

tkd `cnrestruoturd ecj tkd nrdskwetdr equ`ndrs ecj eiròuaturea

prfjuot`fc. _dvdrd dvdcts lìkt dvdc tkrdetdc a`nd. Zkd

l`c`stdr rdofrjdj tket, nfr tkdsd rdesfcs, tkd ifvdrcldct kej

jdo`jdj tf adi`saetd tf prdvdct rdsdttadldct. Eatkfuik kd lejd

cf ldct`fc fn `t, tkd jdo`s`fc tf adi`saetd ecj tf `ctrfjuod

`llìret`fc ofctrfas et tket pertòuaer t`ld eppders tf kevd

hddc prflptdj hy tkd prfspdot fn prftdstdrs ettdlpt`ci tf aecj

fc tkd `saecjs. @c ejj`t`fc, Lr Xelldaa se`j tket rdstfret`fc fn

nuaa `llìret`fc ofctrfa fvdr tkd dct`rd tdrr`tfry wes cdodssery

tf dcsurd ecj le`cte`c tkd eveàehà`ty ecj dnndot`vd usd fn tkd

tdrr`tfry nfr jdndcod purpfsds. Kd rdndrrdj tf rdodct

jdvdafpldcts `c tkd `ctdrcet`fcea sdour`ty oa`letd s`cod

Cfvdlhdr 8777 wkdc suok ofctrfas kej hddc rdlfvdj.

55?. Zkd l`c`stdrèa stetdldct `cjòetds tket e jdo`s`fc tf

adi`saetd wes tebdc fc tkd hes`s fn tkd dxpdrts (sdofcj) rdpfrt

fc tkd j`nnòuat`ds ecj jecidrs fn rdsdtta`ci tkd `saecjs, tkdsd

j`nnòuat`ds ecj jecidrs hd`ci jecidrs ecj j`nnòuat`ds wkòk

wfuaj enndot tkd Okeifssècs tkdlsdavds, `n tkdy wdrd tf try tf

a`vd fc tkd futdr `saecjs. I`vdc tkd tdrls fn tket rdpfrt eafcd,

`t ofuaj cft, `c ly v`dw, hd se`j tket cf rdesfcehad ifvdrcldct

wfuaj kevd jdo`jdj tf adi`saetd tf prdvdct rdsdttadldct. @c

pertòuaer, tkd ejvòd tket tkd ofst fn ecy pdrlecdct

rdsdttadldct wfuaj hd prfk`h`t`vd wes ecdct`rday adi`t`letdneotfr nfr tkd ifvdrcldct, wkòk `s rdspfcs`had nfr tkd wey tket

tex rdvdcuds erd spdct, tf tebd `ctf eoofuct. @c ejj`t`fc, tkd

ifvdrcldct kej rdierj tf jdndcod ofcs`jdret`fcs, tkd v`dws fn

`ts oafsd eaay, tkd Tc`tdj _tetds, ecj tkd okecidj sdour`ty

s`tuet`fc entdr 0/55. Zkdsd ejj`t`fcea neotfrs rd`cnfrod tkd v`dw


11/75

Weid 57

tket tkd jdo`s`fc tf adi`saetd wes cd`tkdr ucrdesfcehad cfr

`rret`fcea.

55:. Fn ofursd, tkd jdo`s`fc wes ejvdrsd tf tkd oae`l fn tkd

Okeifssècs tf rdturc tf sdttad fc tkd futdr `saecjs. Hut tketjfds cft ldec tket tkd`r `ctdrdsts kej hddc ìcfrdj= e rdea`stò

essdssldct fn tkd afci-tdrl pfs`t`fc fn ecy pftdctèaOkeifssèc sdttadrs fc tkd futdr `saecjs wes odctrea tf tkd

dxpdrt rdpfrt fc wkòk tkd ifvdrcldct rda`dj. @c ejj`t`fc, tkd

ifvdrcldct ofcs`jdrdj tkd fvdreaa `ctdrdsts fn tkd Tc`tdj

B`cijfl. @t wes dct`tadj tf jf sf. @c tkd ehsdcod fn ecy

rdadvect adiea or`tdrè, mujids erd cft wdaa paeodj tf sdofcj-

iudss tkd heaecod struob hy l`c`stdrs fc suok e lettdr. (`teaòs

ejjdj)

5;. Afrj Oerswdaa se`j (pere 587) tket kd eirddj w`tk vdry a`ttad quea`nòet`fcw`tk tkd rdesfc`ci fn Afrj Kfnnlecc ecj Afrj Xfjidr, hut k`s spdo`nò rdesfc`ci

nfousdj fc tkd aeob fn afci tdrl ndes`hà`ty. Kd se`j tket tkd Okeifssècs dxprdssdj

w`sk tf rdturc tf tkd`r kfldaecj wes=

put fc ec ehstreot hes`s hy tkd`r ofucsda, nfr `t `s qu`td oader

tket nfr tkdl tf rdsdttad `c tkd `saecjs `s wkfaay `lpreotòehad

w`tkfut vdry suhstectèa ecj j`sprfpfrt`fcetd dxpdcj`turd.Zkdy erd cft `c e pfs`t`fc tf lddt suok e ofst. @t ofuaj fcay hd

skfuajdrdj hy tkd Hr`t`sk ifvdrcldct, wkòk kes lejd `t oader

tket `t `s wàa`ci tf pdrl`t ecj nucj nrfl t`ld tf t`ld skfrt

v`s`ts tf tkd futay`ci `saecjs, hut cft tf suppfrt e aerid-soead

pdrlecdct rdsdttadldct. Fcd lìkt esb tkd qudst`fc wky tk`soelpeìc `s hd`ci pursudj, nfr tkd Okeifssècs eardejy oec

pey v`s`ts ecj tkdrd `s cf rdea`stò prfspdot fn rdsdttadldct

ucadss `t `s nucjdj nfr tkdl et kuid dxpdcsd. @ jf cft n`cj `t

cdodssery tf sddb ec ecswdr tf tket qudst`fc, hut tkd preotòea

j`nnòuat`ds `c tkd wey fn rdsdttadldct erd `c ly v`dw rdadvecttf tkd ret`fcea`ty fn tkd ifvdrcldcts jdo`s`fc tf lebd tkd

877: Frjdrs `c Ofucoà. (`teaòs ejjdj)

50. Fc tkd prdsdct eppaòet`fc, Lr Hecofuat suhl`ts tket, kej tkd Xesk`j

jfouldcts hddc eveàehad pr`fr tf tkd kder`ci hdnfrd tkd J`v`s`fcea Ofurt, tkd Ofurt

fn Eppdea fr tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs, tkdy wfuaj kevd adj tf e okeaadcid hd`ci lfuctdj

tf steid 8H rdpfrt, tkd ofcoaus`fcs jrewc c tket rdpfrt wfuaj kevd hddc j`sordj`tdj,

ecj tkd lemfr`ty rdesfc`ci `c tkd ehfvd dxtreots wfuaj kevd hddc `lpfss`had. Zk`s

hr`cis ld tf e ofcs`jdret`fc fn tkd Xesk`j jfouldcts.


12/75

Weid 55

Zkd Xesk`j jfouldcts=

(e) O`roulstecods fn aetd j`soafsurd

87. Hy adttdr jetdj 4 Jdodlhdr 8774 j`soafsurd kej hddc lejd fc hdkean fn tkd

_dordtery fn _tetd tf _kdr`jecs, sfaò`tfrs eot`ci nfr Lr Hecofuat, fn e ofpy adttdr

jetdj 8? Ley 8778 sdct hy Lr Okerads Kelàtfc fn H@FZ tf Ls Eadx Kfaaecj, tkd

sdc`fr dcv`rfcldctea so`dct`st wkf wes Wfsnfrjs prfmdot leceidr. Zk`s re`sdj

qudst`fcs ecj lejd oflldcts fc e jrent steid 8H rdpfrt. Hdtwddc Cfvdlhdr 8774ecj Ndhruery 877>, rdqudsts wdrd lejd fc hdkean fn Lr Hecofuat nfr j`soafsurd fn

tk`s jrent rdpfrt es wdaa es ecy jrent fn tkd dera`dr ndes`hà`ty stujy. Zkd Zrdesury

_faò`tfr, wkàd rdpay`ci tket tkdsd rdqudsts j`j cft if tf ecy `ssud `cHecofuat Cf

8, lejd sderokds, hut wes `c tkd dvdct fcay ehad tf afoetd e jrent ndes`hà`ty stujy

wkòk wes j`soafsdj `c deray Jdodlhdr 8774.

85. Hy adttdr jetdj 5? Mecuery 877> (D5:98) Lr Hecofuats sfaò`tfrs,_kdr`jecs,

qudst`fcdj, `c rdaet`fc tf tkd steid 8H rdpfrt, wkdtkdr tkdrd kej hddc fnnòèa `cput

`ctf tkd wfrb fn ofcsuatects wkòk ucjdrl`cds `ts eutkfr`ty. Zkd Zrdesury _faò`tfr

rdspfcjdj tket tk`s wes ec dxtrdlday sdr`fus eaadiet`fc ecj cddjdj tf hd

pertòuaer`sdj. @t wes cft pertòuaer`sdj ecj, es stetdj, cf okeaadcid tf tkd steid 8H

rdpfrt wes tkdc lejd. E nurtkdr eaadiet`fc tket, `c tkd ehsdcod fn tkd jrent steid 8Hrdpfrt, tkd Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs lust hd essuldj cft tf hd tkd uciu`jdj ejvòd fn

`cjdpdcjdct ofcsuatects wes lejd hy cftd jetdj 5? Lerok 8770. Fc 9 Fotfhdr 8757ec dleà jetdj 80 Ley 8778 sdct hy Lr Okerads Kelàtfc tf Ls Kfaaecj ejv`s`ci

tket tkd n`cea jrent fl`t jdvdafpldct sodcer`fs (ejvòd cft `c neot nfaafwdj= pere :7

hdafw) wes j`soafsdj fc hdkean fn tkd _dordtery fn _tetd `c tkd ofctdxt fn tkd `ssuds

er`s`ci `cHecofuat (Cf ?). Hy adttdr jetdj 85 Jdodlhdr 8757 Oa`nnfrj Okecod (cfw

eot`ci nfr Lr Hecofuat es e rdsuat fn tkd lfvd tf tket n`rl fn Lr I`nnfrj tkd`cj`v`juea pertcdr kecja`ci Lr Hecofuats enne`rs) wrftd essdrt`ci tket tkd tftea

ehsdcod fn ecy rdofrjs fn lddt`cis `c Ley-Mucd 8777 ecj Mucd/Muay 8778

rdierj`ci wket hdoeld rdspdot`vday tkd ndes`hà`ty stujy ecj steid 8H rdpfrt oests

irevd jfuhts fc tkd ehà`ty fn NOF tf dxpae`c `ts ofcjuot fr tf must`ny wket eppders

tf hd sdr`fus ecj ofcodrtdj `cnaudcod preot`sdj tf eok`dvd e ofcoaus`fc wkòkrdnadotdj tkd v`dws fn fnnòèas ecj ofctrejòtdj tkd uciu`jdj ejvòd fn ofcsuatects.

Oa`nnfrj Okecod rdndrrdj `c tk`s ofccdot`fc tf tkd j`soafsurd fn tkd dleà jetdj 80

Ley 8778 ecj tf stetdldcts lejd tf tkdl `c e adttdr jetdj 55 Ndhruery 8757 hy Lr

_tdpkdc Ebdstdr, fcd fn tkd Wkesd 8H ofcsuatects, tket rdsdttadldct wes eaweys

ndes`had w`tk`c rdesfcehad ofst pereldtdrs, hut tket kd wes cft `c tkd ofll`ttdd tket

jrentdj tkd steid 8H rdpfrt.

88. Fc 57 Fotfhdr 8755 Oa`nnfrj Okecod wrftd `c tkd aìkt fn tkd ehfvd uri`ci e

ydt nurtkdr sderok nfr jfouldcts pursuect tf tkd _dordtery fn _tetds juty fn oecjfur`c tkd ofctdxt fn hftkHecofuat (Cf 8)ecjHecofuat (Cf ?).


13/75

Weid 58

8?. Zkd nurtkdr sderok tkdc lejd adj tf tkd Zrdesury _faò`tfr j`sofvdr`ci

prdv`fusay ucj`soafsdj jfouldcts, `coauj`ci tkd jrent steid 8H rdpfrt, `co`roulstecods jdsor`hdj `c `ts adttdr jetdj 54 Lerok 8758 tf Oa`nnfrj Okecod es

nfaafws=

@c tkd ofctdxt fn tkd enfrdldct`fcdj lettdrs, Z_fa rdoeaadj

erok`vdj nàds kdaj hy e tk`rj perty jfouldct stfreid oflpecytket wdrd idcdretdj jur`ci tkd ofcjuot fn tkd Hecofuat (Cf 8)

a`tìet`fc. @c tkd ofursd fn rdv`dw`ci tkdsd nàds, `t kes hdofld

epperdct tket tkdy ofcte`c odrte`c jfouldcts ofcodrcdj w`tk

tkd jrent`ci fn tkd Wkesd 8H rdpfrt wkòk frì`cetd nrfl tkd

NOF hut erd cf afcidr rdte`cdj hy tkd NOF fc `ts fwc nàds es

e rdsuat fn `ts jfouldct rdtdct`fc.

@t wes suhsdqudctay nurtkdr dxpae`cdj tket

tkdrd wes oaderay e pf`ct, foourr`ci jur`ci 8774, wkdc tkd

NOF cf afcidr kdaj tkd jrent Wkesd 8H Dxdout`vd _ullery fc

`ts nàds, es `t wes rdlfvdj eoofrj`ci tf tkd NOFs jfouldct

rdtdct`fc pfaò`ds, ecj ydt Z_fa rdte`cdj e ofpy fc `tsHecofuat

(Cf 8)nàds.

Zkd jfouldcts sf j`sofvdrdj, `coauj`ci tkd jrent steid 8H rdpfrt, wdrd tkdc

j`soafsdj hy Ls Xesk`js w`tcdss stetdldct jetdj 5Ley 8758.

8:. Zkd _dordtery fn _tetd eoodpts tket, `c tkd aìkt fn tkd rdqudsts lejd ecj

jdsp`td tkd ehsdcod fn ecy okeaadcid tf tkd steid 8H rdpfrt, tkd Xesk`j jfouldcts

skfuaj kevd hddc oepehad fn afoet`fc ecj skfuaj kevd hddc afoetdj ecj j`soafsdj

pursuect tf k`s idcdrea juty fn oecjfur `c puhaò aew prfoddj`cis. Zkd neàurds `c

tk`s rdierj wdrd ecj erd kìkay rdirdttehad. Hut tkdrd `s, es stetdj prdv`fusay, cf

hes`s nfr ettr`hut`ci tkdl tf ecy jda`hdretd l`sofcjuot. Zkd qudst`fc `s wket

sìc`nòecod wfuaj fr lìkt kevd etteokdj tf, ecj wket ofcsdqudcods wfuaj frlìkt kevd nafwdj nrfl, tkd`r j`soafsurd.

(h) Eaadidj sìc`nòecod fn tkd Xesk`j jfouldcts

84. @c Lr Hecofuats wr`ttdc oesd, `t `s eaadidj tket tkd Xesk`j jfouldcts wfuaj

kevd hddc sìc`nòect ucjdr nfur kdejs=


14/75

Weid 5?

(`) Es skfw`ci tket, `cstdej fn hd`ci `cjdpdcjdct es ucjdrstffj, tkd n`cea

rdpfrt wes suhmdot tf dxtdcs`vd eatdret`fcs tf rdnadot NOF v`dws. Kdej (`v)hdafw ofcodrcs fcd pertòuaer j`nndrdcod eaadidj tf hd odctreaay `lpfrtect

tf tkd steid 8H rdpfrts ofcoaus`fcs.

(``) Es rdvdea`ci tket Jr _kdpperj, tkd NOFs so`dct`nò ejv`sdr, kej

or`tò`sdj tkd jrent steid 8H rdpfrt `c ec dleà sdct tf Okerads Kelàtfc fc5: Ley 8778 ecj kej, entdr tkd `ssud fn tkd n`cea rdpfrt, easf dcjfrsdj

or`tò`sls fn `t lejd hy e rdsdttadldct ectkrfpfafi`st, Mfcetkec Mdccdss,

`cstruotdj fc hdkean fn Lr Hecofuat.

(```) Es rdvdea`ci dv`jdcod fn aeob fn fhmdot`v`ty `c Jr _kdpperjs `cput

`ctf tkd steid 8H rdpfrt hdnfrd `t wes n`cea`sdj. Lfrd spdo`nòeaay, `t `s se`j

tket tkd jfouldcts skfw tket Jr _kdpperj wes tkd fcay rdv`dwdr fn tkd wkfadjrent, tket kdevy rdaècod fc fcay fcd spdoèa`st lejd tkd rdpfrt ucsend ecj

tket, es e ofrea rddn spdoèa`st wdaa-bcfwc tf hd strfciay jdjòetdj tf tkd`rofcsdrvet`fc, tkdrd `s ofcodrc wkdtkdr kd ofuaj rdesfcehay hd rdierjdj es

ec fhmdot`vd essdssfr fc tkd `ssud fn rd`ctrfjuo`ci kulec sdttadldct.

(`v) Es skfw`ci eatdret`fcs hdtwddc tkd jrent ecj n`cea vdrs`fc fn tkd steid

8H rdpfrt `c e leccdr wkòk ofcnaetds ecj j`stfrts tkd ofcsuatects frì`cean`cj`ci `c rdaet`fc tf stfrls ordet`ci j`nnòuat`ds nfr rdsdttadldct.

8>. Zebdc tfidtkdr, `t `s suhl`ttdj tket `t `s odrte`c tket, kej tkd Xesk`j

jfouldcts hddc j`soafsdj, tkdy wfuaj kevd oeusdj tkd eppaòects rdprdsdctet`vds

tf okeaadcid tkd rdaèhà`ty fn tkd ndes`hà`ty stujy, tket `t `s kìkay a`bday tket tkdokeaadcid wfuaj kevd suooddjdj ecj tket, `n tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs mujildct `s sdt

es`jd, e cdw kder`ci wàa rdeok e j`nndrdct ofcoaus`fc.

89. Zkd nfous fn tkd n`rst ecj nfurtk kdejs fn eaadidj sìc`nòecod fn tkd Xesk`j

jfouldcts `s eatdret`fcs eaadidj tf kevd hddc lejd ecj tf kevd j`stfrtdj tkd n`cea

steid 8H rdpfrt. Zkd nfous fn tkd sdofcj ecj tk`rj kdejs `s Jr _kdpperj. Zkd sdofcjrda`ds fc k`s or`tò`sls fn tkd jrent. Zkd tk`rj suiidsts tket k`s `cput aeobdj

fhmdot`v`ty ecj wes ucrdaèhad.

(o) Zkd n`rst ecj nfurtk kdejs

8;. Zkdsd twf kdejs stecj fr neaa tfidtkdr. Zkdy erd rdprfjuodj `c tkd spdeb`ci

cftd wkòk Lr Djwerj N`tzidreaj UO usdj et tkd kder`ci hdnfrd tkd _uprdld Ofurt.

Zket spdeb`ci cftd rdndrs tf dxtdcs`vd eatdret`fcs tf tkd frì`cea jrent `c tkd n`ceajrent, wkòk `t suiidsts erd a`bday tf kevd rdnadotdj NOF v`dws ecj `cput ecj tf


15/75

Weid 5:

kevd hddc ucsuppfrtdj hy dv`jdcod c tkd hfjy fn tkd stujy. Eoofrj`ci tf Oa`nnfrj

Okecods adttdr jetdj 57 Fotfhdr 8755, tkdrd wdrd 0: rdv`s`fcs fvdr e pdr`fj wkdctkd jfouldct wes fpdc nfr dj`t`ci nfr e tftea fn sdvdc ecj e kean kfurs. Zkd spdeb`ci

cftd seys tket sfld fn tkd bdy okecids erd suller`sdj `c e sullery cftd jetdj

59 Ndhruery 8754 prdperdj hy ofucsda nfr Lr Hecofuat. Zk`s wes hesdj `c turc fc

e adcitky Eceays`s Cftd prdperdj hy Lr Hecofuats sfaò`tfr, Lr I`nnfrj, `c

ofcmucot`fc w`tk e ofrea so`dct`st, Lr Juccd. @c ejj`t`fc tf tkd okecid rdaet`ci tf

stfrls ecj rd-sdttadldct `jdct`n`dj `c kdej (`v), tkd sullery cftd `jdct`n`ds tkrdd

nurtkdr bdy eldcjldcts.

80. Zket eatdret`fcs wfuaj fr lìkt hd lejd `c tkd n`cea rdpfrt nfaafw`ci

oflldcts hy tkd NOF ecj H@FZ fc tkd jrent rdpfrt oeccft ofld es ecy surpr`sd tf

tkfsd rdprdsdct`ci Lr Hecofuat, fr hd rdierjdj es `c ecy wey ucceturea. Zkd steid

8H rdpfrt wes prdperdj hy Wfsnfrj ucjdr e ofctreot dxprdssdj tf hd hdtwddc tkd

Ofll`ss`fcdr nfr H@FZ ecj Wfsnfrj Juv`v`dr Dcv`rfcldct jetdj 57 Jdodlhdr8775. Zkd Zdrls fn Xdndrdcod sdt fut `c sdot`fc : fn tkd ofctreot prfv`jdj hy oaeusd

> nfr lfctkay rdpfrt`ci ecj nurtkdr hy oaeusd >.? tket

E jrent n`cea rdpfrt, ofcte`c`ci ec eoofuct fn tkd wfrb jfcd,

ofcoaus`fcs ecj rdoflldcjet`fcs wàa hd suhl`ttdj w`tk`c

nfur lfctks fn oflldco`ci tkd essìcldct. Y`tk`c twf wddbs

fn tkd rdod`pt fn oflldcts fc tkd jrent nrfl rdo`p`dcts,

ofcsuatects wàa suhl`t e N`cea Xdpfrt.

?7. @c tk`s rdspdot oaeusd >.? dokfdj tkd prfv`s`fcs fn oaeusd 59 fn tkd tdrls fn

rdndrdcod nfr tkd dera`dr ofctreot jetdj 5? Eprà 8777 lejd w`tk Jev`j Oreppdr nfr

tkd ndes`hà`ty stujy, wkòk, wkdc lejd wes eoofrj`ci tf `ts tdrls `ctdcjdj easf tf

ofvdr steid 8. Oaeusd 59 prfv`jdj=

59. E jrent rdpfrt wàa hd prfjuodj nfr tkd ifvdrcldct fn

tkd H@FZ. Fc rdod`v`ci oflldcts fc tkd jrent rdpfrt nrfl tkd

ifvdrcldct fn tkd H@FZ, tkd ofcsuatect wàa n`cea`sd tkd rdpfrt

ecj prfv`jd tkd tdxt `c hftk pepdr ecj dadotrfcò nfrl tf tkdifvdrcldct fn tkd HaFZ.

_kdr`jecs rdod`vdj e ofpy fn tk`s dera`dr ofctreot, ecj `c e adttdr jetdj 8; Cfvdlhdr

8774 cftdj ecj sdt fut oaeusd 59 spdo`nòeaay, cft hy wey fn fhmdot`fc, hut `c frjdr

tf esb nfr tkd jrent rdpfrt ecj nfr ecy oflldcts fc `t lejd hy tkd NOF ecj tkdifvdrcldct fn H@FZ. Ykdtkdr ecy fn tkd eotuea eatdret`fcs lejd oec hd jdsor`hdj

es dxtdcs`vd fr es rdnadot`ci NOF v`dws, fr hd sddc tf kevd ucheaecodj tkd

rdpfrt es e rdsuat, erd lettdrs tf wkòk @ wàa ofld.


16/75

Weid 54

?5. Hdnfrd jf`ci sf, `t `s ofcvdc`dct tf dxel`cd dvdcts `c lfrd jdteà tf `jdct`ny

ecy fvdrt treod fn ucjud dxdout`vd `cnaudcod fvdr tkd n`cea rdpfrt. Entdr dctry `ctfnfrod fn tkd ofctreot jetdj 57 Jdodlhdr 8775, Wfsnfrj sdt ehfut prdper`ci nfr n`daj

stuj`ds `c H@FZ, `c pertòuaer fc tkd twf futay`ci `saecjs fn @ad jd Of`c ecj @ad

Hfjjel, es ofctdlpaetdj hy `ts tdrls. Zkdsd tffb paeod `c Ndhruery 8778, entdr

wkòk Wfsnfrj suhl`ttdj e sdofcj prfirdss rdpfrt jetdj 5 Lerok 8778. Zk`s wes

tehadj ecj j`soussdj et e lddt`ci w`tk tkd NOF ecj H@FZ fc > Lerok 8778. Zkdrd

`s cf suiidst`fc fr a`bda`kffj tket tkd jrent dxdout`vd sullery wes eveàehad tf

ecyfcd et tk`s steid, ecj Ls Kfaaecjs adttdr jetdj 58Eprà ecj Lr Kelàtfcs

dleà jetdj 54 Eprà 8778 (D8:7:) `cjòetd tket, fcod jrentdj ecj rdv`dwdj, suok e

jrent wes fcay suhl`ttdj tf tkd NOF `c deray Eprà 8778.

?8. @t `s ofcvdc`dct et tk`s pf`ct tf `ctrfjuod tkd nfurtk p`dod fn cdw dv`jdcod fc

wkòk tkd eppaòect sddbs tf rday. @t `s e cftd fn tkd > Lerok 8778 lddt`ci lejd hy

Wfsnfrj jetdj 9 Lerok 8778. @t wes fcay fhte`cdj hy tkd eppaòects ejv`sdrs, entdre okecod lddt`ci, nrfl Lr _tdpkdc Ebdstdr fn LeoEa`stdr Daa`ftt & Wertcdrs

(LDW), suh-ofctreotfrs tf Wfsnfrj wkf errecidj tkd fc-s`td `cvdstìet`fcs `c tkd

Okeifs `c deray 8778. Es suok `t `s cft e jfouldct wkòk wes et ecy rdadvect t`ld

`c tkd pfssdss`fc fn fr eveàehad tf tkd dxdout`vd. Hut `t rdofrjs e lddt`ci et wkòk

NOF ecj H@FZ rdprdsdctet`vds wdrd prdsdct, ecj, teb`ci `t es ec eoouretd rdofrj fn

wket tffb paeod et tket lddt`ci, wket `t rdofrjs wes w`tk`c tkd`r bcfwadjid, ecj

ley easf tkrfw aìkt fc tkd`r rfads `c rdaet`fc tf tkd rd-jrent`ci ecj n`cea`set`fc fn

tkd steid 8H rdpfrt. Lr Kuobad fn tkd NOF `s rdpfrtdj es rd`tdret`ci tkd pfa`tòea`lpfrtecod fn tkd nfrtkofl`ci ndes`hà`ty rdpfrt wkòk kd strdssdj kej hddc

kdìktdcdj `c rdodct wddbs hdoeusd tkd @af`s erd ourrdctay pursu`ci adiea eot`fceie`cst tkd Hr`t`sk ecj Eldròec ifvdrcldcts. Kd wdct fc tf pf`ct fut tket tkd

futofld fn tkd ofurt oesd wàa d`tkdr hd oflpdcset`fc, fr n`cecoèa ess`stecod tf tkd

@af`s `c rdsdtta`ci tkd `saecjs ecj tket tkd qudst`fcs wdrd kfw luok, ecj wket

nfrls fn a`vda`kffj jdvdafpldct wàa tkd Hr`t`sk ifvdrcldct pdrl`t, wkòk kd se`j

wes wkdrd tkd ndes`hà`ty rdpfrt oflds `c.

??. Zkdrd `s cftk`ci kdrd wkòk eppders tf hd ecytk`ci ftkdr tkec e idcu`cd

dxpaecet`fc es tf tkd rdpfrts ourrdct rdadvecod - ofuokdj `n ecytk`ci `c tdrls

ectò`pet`ci tket `t wfuaj eoodpt tkd pfss`hà`ty fn rdsdttadldct. Zkd NOF eppders ea`ttad aetdr es sey`ci tket `t kej kfpdj tket Wkesd @@ wfuaj cdietd tkd cddj nfr Wkesd

@@@, `d `n `t ofcoaujdj tket rdsdttadldct wesct ndes`had, hut rdea`stòeaay, tket wes

cdvdr a`bday tf hd tkd futofld. Zkd NOF `s kfp`ci tket tkd sdot`fc fc Oa`letd

Okecid wàa rdsfavd `ts j`nnòuat`ds, hut Hrèc RA`ttad\ ecj @ pf`ctdj fut tket e

ofcs`jdrehad elfuct fn lfcdy ofuaj hd lejd `c 84-577 yders, ecj adts cft essuld

tket tkd @a`fs erd ofcs`jdr`ci e rdturc tf suhs`stdcod fr rdaècod fc ceturea rdsfurods

. Eie`c tk`s ofcn`rls, `n ecytk`ci, tket tkd NOF wes rdsìcdj tf e rdpfrt

eoodpt`ci tkd ndes`hà`ty fn sfld nfrl fn rdsdttadldct, ecj tket Wfsnfrj wes wdaaoepehad fn stecj`ci up nfr wket `t hda`dvdj ofrrdot. @cjddj, dera`dr `c tkd cftd

Wfsnfrj rdofrjdj tket eaadidjay, e culhdr fn tkfsd wkfl wd oflpdtdj eie`cst `c


17/75

Weid 5>

tkd h`jj`ci prfodss kevd hddc teb`ci pft skfts et fur epprfeok w`tk`c derskft fn

`lpfrtect pdfpad. _fucjs a`bd sfur irepds. Zket eaa se`j, fur n`cj`cis ecjeriuldcts lust hd tìkt ecj ofcv`co`ci. Zkdrd `s cf suiidst`fc tket tkd NOF wes

`cv`t`ci okecids tf hfastdr ecy sfrt fn n`cj`cis fr ofcoaus`fcs `c d`tkdr tkd jrent ecj

tkd n`cea rdpfrt, ecj cf hes`s nfr rdierj`ci Wfsnfrj es susodpt`had tf ecy suok

`cv`tet`fc. Zkd dxprdss purpfsd fn tkd > Lerok lddt`ci wes, es stetdj, tf prfv`jd

e jd-hr`dn`ci fc Wfsnfrjs rdodct n`daj stuj`dsfc @ad ju Of`c ecj @ad Hfjjel.

?:. @c eaa tkd o`roulstecods, tkd 9 Lerok 8778 cftd prfv`jds cf rdea suppfrt tf e

suiidst`fc tket tkd ofctdct dvdc fn tkd jrent steid 8H rdpfrt wes ucjuay `ctdrndrdj

w`tk fr `cnaudcodj hy tkd NOF fr H@FZ, stàa adss tket ecy suhsdqudct eatdret`fcs

hdtwddc tkd jrent suhl`ttdj `c Eprà ecj tkd steid 8H rdpfrt es n`cea`sdj `c Mucd

wdrd tkd rdsuat fn ecy suok ucjud `ctdrndrdcod fr `cnaudcod.

?4. Zkd nfaafw-up dxokecids entdr Wfsnfrj kej oflpadtdj ecj suhl`ttdj eaa

sdot`fcs fn tkd jrent rdpfrt `c Eprà 8778 (D8:7?) erd dv`jdcodj hy tkd Xesk`jjfouldcts es wdaa es tkd prdv`fusay j`soafsdj ldsseids jetdj 8? ecj 80 Ley 8778

nrfl Lr Kelàtfc tf Ls Kfaaecj. Zkdy erd easf sìc`nòect. Jr _kdpperj kej fc 5:

Ley 8778 sdct Lr Kelàtfc vdry jdteàdj oflldcts fc tkd jrent rdpfrt (D8:70 fc).

@c rdaet`fc tf tkd Dxdout`vd _ullery, kd wrftd=

Zk`s `lpfrtect sdot`fc jfds cft eaweys rdnadot tkd ofctdct fn

tkd vfaulds vdry wdaa. Zk`s `s jfuhtadss jud tf kestd ecj skfrtjdeja`cds. _dvdrea bdy `ssuds l`ssdj fut erd stetdj `c tkd tdxt

ecj c tkd ofcoaus`fcs. @ suiidst tket entdr e pdr`fj fn rdnadot`fc

tk`s `s rdv`s`tdj. _dvdrea ofcoaus`fcs erd epperdctay et fjjs

d`tkdr w`tk deok ftkdr fr w`tk ftkdr, bcfwc neots. Jur`ci tkd

rdwr`td, tkdsd epperdct ofctrejòt`fcs `c tkd tdxt oec hdrdsfavdj. Zkdy lebd perts fn tkd rdpfrt sfldwket vuacdrehad.

Fcd dxelpad `s tkd w`jday very`ci dst`letds fn culhdrs fn

pdfpad tket ofuaj hd suste`cehay suppfrtdj.

?>.

Jr _kdpperj wdct fc `c sdot`fcs jdea`ci w`tk tkd hfjy fn tkd jrent rdpfrt tfcftd (e) tkd r`sb fn wetdr ofctel`cet`fc, fhsdrv`ci tket tkd jrent j`j cft oaderay

stetd kfw suok ofctel`cet`fc ofuaj hd prdvdctdj tkrfuik tkd tk`c rffn fn tkd

equ`ndrs, (h) e ofctrejòt`fc hdtwddc stetdldcts tket Yetdr rdokerid fn equ`ndrs

wfuaj `cordesd hy vdidtet`fc oader`ci (Irfucjwetdr rdsfurods sdot`fc) Hut=

wetdr rdokerid wfuaj jdordesd w`tk oaderecod fn paects ecj jdvdafpldct (nrfl

vfauld @^), ecj (o) ucjdr Ftkdr pf`cts= Zkd pf`ct ehfut Okeifs `s tket `t a`ds

`c tkd lfst cutr`dct pffr pert fn tkd @cjèc Fodec. Zkd Okeifs hecb n`skdry pftdctèa

`s dst`letdj tf hd kean tket fn ftkdr hecbs(p 5:>).


18/75

Weid 59

?9. Lr Kelàtfc tkdc wrftd tf Ls Kfaaecj fc 8? Ley 8778, cft`ci tket kd kej

stuj`dj tkd jrents fn tkd rdpfrt c sfld jdteà, tket t ecj ecy rdoflldcjet`fcs wkòknfaafwdj nrfl `t wfuaj hd oerdnuaay dxel`cdj ecj tket wd erd pertòuaeray ecx`fus

tkdrdnfrd tket `ts so`dct`nò ofctdct `s es oflpadtd ecj wetdrtìkt es pfss`had. Kd

lejd jdteàdj oflldcts fc tkd jrent, jrew`ci kdevày fc Jr _kdpperjs oflldcts,

pertòuaeray wkdc wr`t`ci tk`s `c rdaet`fc tf tkd Dxdout`vd _ullery=

Zk`s `lpfrtect sdot`fc jfds cft eaweys rdnadot tkd ofctdct fn

tkd vfaulds vdry wdaa. _dvdrea bdy pf`cts ecj ofcoaus`fcs `c

tkd le`c tdxt erd `lpfrtect ecj stecj fut, hut erd cft wdaa

rdnadotdj `c tkd sullery. Nurtkdr, sdvdrea ofcoaus`fcs erd

epperdctay et fjjs d`tkdr w`tk deok ftkdr fr w`tk ftkdr bcfwc

neots. Jur`ci yfur rdv`s`fc, @ wfuaj hd iretdnua `n yfu wfuaj

rdsfavd tkdsd epperdct ofctrejòt`fcs es tkdy lebd perts fn tkd

rdpfrt ucoader. Dxelpads fn `ssuds cddj`ci rdofcoàèt`fc`coaujd w`jday very`ci dst`letds fn culhdrs fn pdfpad tket

ofuaj hd suste`cehay suppfrtdj, `ssuds fn wetdr ofctel`cet`fc

ecj tkd heaecods fn wetdr usd nfr j`nndrdct eot`v`t`ds, wkdtkdr

paects `cordesd fr jdordesd wetdr rdokerid, ecj tkd Okeifs hecb

n`skdry pftdctèa. _yctkds`s wfuaj jfuhtadss rdsfavd lecy fn

tkdsd. @ ucjdrstecj tket j`nndrdct ofcsuatects wrftd j`nndrdct

sdot`fcs, sf @ tk`cb tket tk`s sullery ley hd e su`tehad paeod

nfr ec fvdreaa, ofco`sd syctkds`s, wkòk wfuaj easf `coaujdfvdreaa dcv`rfcldctea leceidldct rdoflldcjet`fcs. Lecy fn

tkdsd pf`cts erd cftdj `c tkd etteokldcts rdaet`ci tf j`nndrdctsdot`fcs, hut erd oruoèa nfr tkd wr`tdr fn tk`s Dxdout`vd

_ullery.

?;. Es `s epperdct, Lr Kelàtfc wes kdrd pòb`ci up pf`cts lejd hy Jr

_kdpperj es `cjòetdj ehfvd. @c etteokldct 9, rdaet`ci tf vfauld @@@ fn tkd jrent

jdea`ci w`tk rdsdttadldct `ssuds, Lr Kelàtfc j`soussdj tkrdd sodcer`fs wkòk kej

hddc `coaujdj, cft`ci ver`fus `ssuds ecj tket cftk`ci kej hddc se`j d`tkdr fc

sodcer`f ? (hesdj pertay erfucj dxpdcs`vd tfur`sl), eatkfuik tk`s eppderdj tf hd tkd

fcay ettreot`vd jdvdafpldct fpt`fc nfr `ctdrdstdj pert`ds, fr fc e pfss`had sodcer`f :(cfc-rds`jdctèa, hut sdttadj sdesfceaay nfr sfld n`sk`ci). Zkd j`souss`fc dcjdjWfss`hay usd fn tkd tkrdd sodcer`fs must ejjs ofcnus`ci oflpadx`ty ecj hdis

sdvdrea qudst`fcs wkòk erd cft ecswdrdj. Kd dcjdj hy ucjdra`c`citkd `lpfrtecod

etteok`ci tf tkd fvdreaa syctkds`s (Dxdout`vd _ullery) wkòk skfuaj oaderay

kìkaìkt tkd le`c pf`cts wkòk erd hrfuikt fut `c tkd tdxt, ecj `cjòetdj tket

nfaafw`ci tkd jrents rdv`s`fc kd wfuaj oeaa e lddt`ci fn eaa ofcodrcdj tf n`cea`sd

tkd rdpfrt.


19/75

Weid 5;

?0. Wfsnfrj tkdc prdperdj `ts fwc jdteàdj oflldcts fc Lr Kelàtfcs adttdr

wkòk wdrd sdct tf k`l hy Ls Kfaaecj ucjdr ofvdr fn e nexdj adttdr jetdj 8; Ley8778. Kdr adttdr stetdj=

Zf suller`sd tkd etteokdj, wd ofcs`jdr tket sfld fn tkdoflldcts erd vea`j ecj wd wàa rdv`sd fur rdpfrt `c aìkt fn

tkdsd suiidst`fcs. Kfwdvdr, wd ndda tket ftkdrs erd sfldwket`ceoouretd ecj jf cft rdnadot tkd ucjdrstecj`ci wd kej w`tk tkd

HaFZ Ejl`c`stret`fc fc fur epprfeok. @ skfuaj a`bd tf j`souss

tkdsd oflldcts w`tk yfu et yfur dera`dst ofcvdc`dcod.

@c tkd hfjy fn tkd oflldcts, Wfsnfrj rdpa`dj tf tkd pf`cts lejd fc tkd tkrdd

sodcer`fs es nfaafws=

Zkrdd sodcer`fs= Zkdrd wes luok jdhetd jur`ci tkd jrent`ci

fn tkd rdpfrt es tf wkdtkdr tkd tkrdd sodcer`fs skfuaj hd

`coaujdj, hut sdvdrea fn tkfsd `cvfavdj ofcs`jdrdj tket tkdsd

kdapdj tf jdvdafp ofcoaus`fcs ehfut wkdtkdr odrte`c

rdsdttadldct eot`v`t`ds wfuaj hd pfss`had, pertòuaeray `c tkd

jrent`ci fn tkd dcv`rfcldctea eppre`sea. Yd stfppdj et tkrdd

kypftkdtòea sodcer`fs, hut rdofic`sd tket tkdrd ofuaj hd lecylfrd oflh`cet`fcs fn eot`v`t`ds. Zkd suiidst`fc fn sodcer`f

:, wkòk `s hesdj fc cfc-rds`jdctèa ecj cfc-jdvdafpldct,jfds cft eotueaay ofcst`tutd rdsdttadldct ecj wes tkdrdnfrd cft

ofcs`jdrdj es e sodcer`f. Kfwdvdr, yfu wàa cftd tket Fpt`fc 5

nfr n`skdr`ds jdvdafpldct (p 5>4) jfds rdndr tf tk`s nfrl fn

a`vda`kffj eot`v`ty. Yd wfuaj hd iretdnua `n yfu wfuaj i`vd

j`rdot`fc es tf wkdtkdr yfu w`sk us tf `coaujd fr dxoaujd tkdjdvdafpldct sodcer`fs nrfl tkd n`cea rdpfrt.

Zf tk`s aest rdqudst, Lr Kelàtfc s`lpay rdpa`dj hy dleà fc 80 Ley 8778= Pfu

esbdj ehfut tkd `coaus`fc fn jdvdafpldct sodcer`fs `c tkd n`cea rdpfrt. Fur ejvòd

`s tket `t wfuaj hdhdttdr `n tkdsd erd dxoaujdj.

:7. Kfwdvdr, es Lr I`nnfrjs ecj Lr Juccds Eceays`s Cftd eobcfwadjids, tk`s

ejvòd wes cft `c neot tebdc up `c tkd n`cea steid 8H rdpfrt, wkdrd tkd

Jdvdafpldct _odcer`fs oec hd sddc tf hd oruoèa tf sdvdrea perts fn tkd stujy.

Cdvdrtkdadss, tkd Eceays`s Cftd sddbs tf pfrtrey Lr Kelàtfcs adttdr ecj oflldctsjetdj 8? Ley 8778 es ec dxdro`sd fn dj`tfrèa ofctrfa, ecj k`s dleà fn 80 Ley 8778

es ydt nurtkdr ettdlpts tf dxdro`sd dj`tfrèa ofctrfa fvdr tkd n`cea rdpfrt. Zf ly

l`cj, tkdrd `s cftk`ci uctfwerj ehfut tkdl et eaa. Zkd `lprdss`fc ofcvdydj `s fcd


20/75

Weid 50

fn `cjdpdcjdctay l`cjdj dxokecids, pess`ci hdtwddc pdfpad wkfsd idcu`cd

ofcodrc wes tf kevd es tkfrfuik, eoouretd ecj wetdrtìkt e n`cea rdpfrt es pfss`had.

:5. Wfsnfrjs oflldcts jetdj 8; Ley 8778 wdrd dv`jdctay easf sdct tf Jr

_kdpperj, s`cod kd oflldctdj fc tkdl hy dleà fc ?5st Ley 8778 (D8:47-8:45).Zkdrd wdrd nurtkdr tdokcòea dxokecids hdtwddc Hrèc A`ttad, wkf kej hddc

eppf`ctdj es NOF Ndes`hà`ty _tujy Wrfmdot Leceidr ucjdr ofctreot jetdj 80Mecuery 8775, ecj Wfsnfrj `c aetd Ley ecj deray Mucd (D8:48-8:4; ecj D8:>4-

8:>9), ecj e nurtkdr sdt fn oflldcts hy Zfcy Neabaecj fn Wfsnfrj rdspfcj`ci fc

0tk Mucd tf Jr _kdpperjs oflldcts (D8:40-8:>:) es wdaa es tf Hrèc A`ttads

oflldcts (D8:>4-8:>;). Jr _kdpperj cftdj Lr A`ttads oflldcts fc 55 Mucd

(D8:>0), ecj Lr A`ttad sdct ec dleà oflldct`ci fc Wfsnfrjs rdspfcsd fc 58 Mucd

(D8:97). E lddt`ci wes sdt up tf j`souss tkd n`cea rdpfrt fc Nr`jey 58 Mucd, `c

rdaet`fc tf wkòk Lr Kelàtfc `cv`tdj Jr _kdpperj tf eot es e jdvàs ejvfoetd. Zk`s

kd dv`jdctay j`j (D8:9>-8:99). _fld okecids/jdadt`fcs wdrd lejd, adej`ci tftkd n`cea rdpfrt.

:8. Xdej`ci eaa tkdsd dxokecids, cftk`ci `c tkdl suiidsts ecytk`ci hut e prfpdr,

prfndss`fceaay fr`dctdj ecj `cjdpdcjdct prfodss, w`tk eaa `cvfavdj sddb`ci tf err`vd

et fhmdot`vd ecj suste`cehad n`cj`cis ecj ofcoaus`fcs.

:?. @ turc tf tkd eatdret`fcs wkòk oec cfw hd sddc tf kevd hddc lejd hdtwddc

tkd frì`cea jrent ecj tkd n`cea rdpfrt. Zkd Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs, tf wkòk _kdr`jecsrìktay etteokdj `lpfrtecod `c tkd`r cftd jetdj 5? Lerok 8770 (pere 85 ehfvd), erd

cfw eveàehad `c hftk tkd`r jrent ecj tkd`r n`cea nfrl `c tkd dxdout`vd sullery. E

nucjeldctea pf`ct wkòk r`sbs hd`ci fvdraffbdj `c j`souss`fc ehfut j`nndrdcods

dasdwkdrd `c tkd dxdout`vd sullery fr hfjy fn tkd tdxt `s tket tkd Idcdrea

Ofcoaus`fcs oec cfw hd sddc tf kevd hddc `c `jdctòea tdrls `c hftk tkd`r jrent ecj

tkd`r n`cea vdrs`fcs. Zkd`r tdrls kevd hddc sdt fut `c pere 58 ehfvd. Zkdy rdprdsdct

tkd or`tòea ofcoaus`fcs, fc wkòk tkd lemfr`ty `c tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs rda`dj es

must`ny`ci tkd _dordtery fn _tetds jdo`s`fc tf lebd tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr, ecj

tkdy wdrd uceatdrdj hdtwddc tkd frì`cea jrent ecj n`cea vdrs`fcs.

::. @lldjètday prdodj`ci tkdsd Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs easf eppderdj tkd

nfaafw`ci sdot`fc kdejdj ûacdrehà`ty=

Zkdrd eppder tf hd sunnò`dct irfucjwetdr, sfàs, n`skdr`ds, ecj

dcv`rfcldctea (di a`l`tdj tfur`sl) rdsfurods tf suppfrt e sleaapfpuaet`fc fc e suhs`stdcod hes`s w`tk sfld oflldroèa

fppfrtuc`ty, hut tkdrd erd sfld lfrd nucjeldctea `ssuds

surrfucj`ci tkd ndes`hà`ty fn rdsdttadldct. Zkdsd rdaetd tf tkd

vuacdrehà`ty fn e rdsdttadj pfpuaet`fc tf ourrdct ecj prdjòtdj


21/75

Weid 87

oa`letò ofcj`t`fcs, ecj tkd nreià`ty fn tkd dcv`rfcldct tf

kulec-`cjuodj j`sturhecod.

Tcjdr tkd prdsdct oa`letd, `t `s essuldj, hesdj fc k`stfrò

ldtdfrfafiòea pettdrcs ecj fhsdrvet`fcs, tket tkd `saecjs erdeardejy suhmdot tf rdiuaer fvdrtfpp`ci dvdcts, naffj`ci, ecj

drfs`fc fn tkd futdr hdeokds. Es iafhea werl`ci jdvdafps,tkdsd dvdcts erd a`bday tf `cordesd `c sdvdr`ty ecj rdiuaer`ty. @c

ejj`t`fc, tkd erde `s sd`slòeaay eot`vd, ecj tkd pfss`hà`ty fn e

tsucel` `s e ofcodrc. Zkdsd dvdcts wfuaj tkrdetdc hftk tkd

a`vds ecj `cnrestruoturd fn ecy pdfpad a`v`ci fc tkd `saecjs.

Ykàst `t lìkt hd pfss`had tf prftdot tkd `saecjs tf sfld dxtdct

`c tkd skfrt-tdrl tkrfuik ofestea jdndcod ldesurds, `t `s a`bday

tf hd ofst-prfk`h`t`vd ecj cfc-preiletò tf ofcs`jdr tk`s nfrl

fn jdndcod `c tkd afci-tdrl.

Zkd dcv`rfcldct fn tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif `s kìkay j`vdrsd

ecj ydt vdry susodpt`had tf kulec j`sturhecod. Ofrea rddns,

wkòk erd fcd fn tkd lfst `lpfrtect dofsystdls w`tk`c tkd

Erok`pdaeif, erd eardejy dxk`h`t`ci sìcs fn strdss nrfl

`cordesdj sde surneod tdlpdreturds ecj ftkdr oa`letò

pkdcfldcfc. Wrdjòt`fcs nrfl oa`letd okecid dxpdrts `cjòetd

tket less lfrtea`ty fn rddn huàj`ci ofreas `c tkd @cjèc Fodec

`s a`bday tf foour es iafhea werl`ci `cordesds, ley hd es sffces w`tk`c tkd cdxt 87 yders. Zk`s wàa cft fcay kevd kuid

`lpaòet`fcs nfr tkd afci-tdrl ofestea jdndcod fn tkd `saecjs,ecj kdcod tkd`r vdry dx`stdcod, hut wàa easf ejvdrsday enndot

a`vda`kffjs, pertòuaeray n`skdr`ds ecj tfur`sl, wkòk erd a`bday

tf hd tkd le`cstey fn ecy rdsdttadj pfpuaet`fc. Kulec

`ctdrndrdcod w`tk`c tkd etfaas, kfwdvdr wdaa leceidj, `s a`bday

tf dxeodrhetd strdss fc tkd ler`cd ecj tdrrdstrèa dcv`rfcldct

ecj wàa eoodadretd tkd dnndots fn iafhea werl`ci. Zkus

rdsdttadldct `s a`bday tf hdofld adss ndes`had fvdr t`ld.

Eie`c tk`s pesseid wes `c `jdctòea nfrl `c tkd jrent ecj n`cea steid 8H rdpfrt, ecj,

es tkd Eceays`s Cftd eobcfwadjids, `t ofcst`tutds tkd hes`s nfr tkd fvdreaa cdiet`vd

essdssldct `c tkd Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs.

:4. Zkd `jdct`ty fn tkdsd ofrd sdot`fcs fn tkd Dxdout`vd _ullery `c tkd jrent ecj

n`cea rdpfrts re`sds fhv`fus prfhadls nfr tkd prdsdct eppaòet`fc. Hut `t `s se`j tket

tkdsd bdy sdot`fcs rdndr heob `c turc tf sdot`fc 5.;. @t `s `c sdot`fc 5.; tket tkd

sullery cftd jetdj 54 Ndhruery 8754 `jdct`n`ds `c tftea nfur bdy eldcjldcts.


22/75

Weid 85

:>. Zkd nfaafw`ci pesseids ucjdra`cdj ecj lerbdj E, H fr O `c tkd nfaafw`ci

dxtreots nrfl tkd jrent rdpfrt erd pesseids fc wkòk Lr Hecofuat rda`ds `c suppfrtfn k`s oesd fn `cepprfprètday lft`vetdj fr `cnaudcodj eatdret`fc=

5.; OA@LEZD OKECID

Zkd rdpfrts fn tkd @ctdrcet`fcea Wecda fc Oa`letd Okecid wdrd

dveauetdj tf jdtdrl`cd tkd aetdst prfmdot`fcs fc oa`letd okecid.

Iafhea sde advdas erd dxpdotdj tf r`sd hy ehfut ?;ol hdtwddc5007 ecj tkd 87;7s. @cjèc ecj Weo`nò Fodec `saecjs neod tkd

aeridst rdaet`vd `cordesd `c naffj r`sb. Eatkfuik tkdrd wàa hd

rdi`fcea verèt`fc, `t `s prfmdotdj tket sde advda wàa r`sd hy es

luok es 4ll pdr yder, w`tk e recid fn 8-0ll pdr yder, fvdr

tkd cdxt 577 yders RH\. Y`tk e r`sd fn 7.4 ldtrds `c sde advda,tkd `lpaòet`fcs fn oa`letd okecid fc tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif

erd ofcs`jdrehad, i`vdc tket ldec lex`lul dadvet`fc fn tkd`saecjs s fcay twf ldtrds2 tkd j`vdrs`ty fn a`vda`kffjs eveàehad

`s a`l`tdj2 ecj tkd rdaet`vd `sfaet`fc ecj dxpfsurd fn tkd `saecjs

tf fodecò `cnaudcods ecj oa`letò dvdcts. Zkdsd `lpaòet`fcs

erd j`soussdj `c tkd aìkt fn h`fj`vdrs`ty ecj rdsdttadldct.

5.;.5 @lpaòet`fcs nfr H`fj`vdrs`ty

Zkd `lpeots fn oa`letd okecid fc kìkay j`vdrsd ecj

prfjuot`vd ofestea dofsystdls suok es ofrea rddns ecj etfaa

`saecjs wàa jdpdcj upfc tkd retd fn sde-advda r`sd rdaet`vd tf

irfwtk retds ecj sdj`ldct suppay. @c ejj`t`fc, speod nfr ecj

fhsteoads tf kfr`zfctea lìret`fc, okecids `c tkd oa`letd-fodec

dcv`rfcldct suok es sde surneod tdlpdreturds ecj stfrl`cdss

es wdaa es kulec prdssurds wàa `cnaudcod tkd oepeo`ty fn

dofsystdls tf ejept tf tkd `lpeots fn' oa`letd okecid.

RZwf pereirepks jdea`ci w`tk ofrea hadeok`ci ecj rddns\

_pdo`ds tket fooupy tdrrdstrèa keh`tets nfr eaa fr pert fn tkd`r

a`nd-oyoad, suok es h`rjs, turtads ecj ofofcut orehs, wàa easf hd

ejvdrsday enndotdj hy sde advda r`sd. Zkdrd `s ofcs`jdrehad

ucodrte`cty ehfut kfw oa`letd okecid wàa enndot tkd ceturea

dcv`rfcldct `c tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif, hut tket tkd futofld

`s a`bday tf hd ec ucnevfurehad sk`nt `c h`fj`vdrs`ty.


23/75

Weid 88

5.;.8 @lpaòet`fcs nfr Xdsdttadldct

Zkd lfst sìc`nòect ecj `lldjètd ofcsdqudcods fn oa`letd

okecid fc e rdsdttadj pfpuaet`fc w`tk`c tkd Okeifs

Erok`pdaeif erd a`bday tf hd rdaetdj tf okecids `c sde advdas,re`cneaa rdi`lds, nrdsk wetdr rdsfurods, sfà lf`sturd hujidts,

prdveà`ci w`cjs (j`rdot`fc ecj spddj) ecj skfrt tdrl verèt`fc`c rdi`fcea ecj afoea pettdrcs fn wevd eot`fc. Et prdsdct, tkd

Okeifs Erok`pdaeif a`ds must cfrtk fn ec eot`vd oyoafcd hdat,

kfwdvdr, e sleaa cfrtkwerj sk`nt fn tk`s hdat ofuaj adej tf

nrdqudct oyoafcds `c tkd erde RE\. Zk`s wfuaj adej tf lfrd

nrdqudct naffj`ci fn tkd `saecjs, w`tk ofrrdspfcj`ci r`sb tf a`nd

ecj ecy `cnrestruoturd. @t wfuaj easf rdjuod eiròuaturea

pftdctèa ecj tkd nrdskwetdr ofcte`cdj w`tk`c tkd `saecj

equ`ndrs wfuaj dxpdr`dcod kìkdr advdas fn sea`c`ty.

@rrdspdot`vd fn wkdtkdr tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif hdoflds

suhmdotdj tf rdiuaer oyoafcds, tkd idcdrea `cordesd `c

stfrl`cdss tket ley eooflpecy oa`letd okecid wfuaj rdsuat `c

`cordesdj wevd dcdri`ds ecj ec `cordes`ci nrdqudcoy fn fvdr-

tfpp`ci dvdcts RO\. Hesdj fc e 7.4l r`sd `c sde advda sodcer`f,

lfjdas fn fvdrtfpp`ci dvdcts jdlfcstretd ec `cordesd fn

hdtwddc 87-47% fn tkd nrdqudcoy fn sdvdrd dvdcts. Fn nurtkdr

sìc`nòecod `s tkd prfhehà`ty tket sde advda r`sd ecjfvdrtfpp`ci dvdcts wfuaj tkrdetdc tkd okereotdr`stòs ecj

suste`cehà`ty fn tkd nrdsk irfucjwetdr adcs.

Zkd retd fn drfs`fc fn tkd fodec ofests erd a`bday tf `cordesdw`tk sde advda r`sd ecj`cordesdj stfrl`cdss, ecj wfuaj hd

eooflpec`dj hy ec `cordesd `c sdj`ldct trecspfrt, wkòk

wfuaj kevd `lpaòet`fcs nfr skfrda`cd `cnrestruoturd. Fc

`saecjs wkdrd pkysòea speod `s a`l`tdj, es `c Okeifs, ofestea

jdndcods erd a`bday tf hd afw bdy ecj wfuaj cddj tf hdjdvdafpdj w`tk e v`dw tf suste`cehà`ty.

@t `s ejv`sdj tket nuturd sdttadrs fc tkd futdr etfaas skfuaj hd

lejd ewerd fn tkd r`sbs fn oa`letd okecid c tdrls fn tkd`r fwc

sendty ecj tket fn ecy pkysòea `cvdstldct. _kfuaj pdfpad w`sk

tf rdturc, `t wfuaj hd prujdct tf prfv`jd spdoèa`st ess`stecod `c

tkd prdperet`fc fn epprfprètd ecj suste`cehad aecj usd ecj

ofestea jdndcod pfaò`ds, wkòk wfuaj dcsurd tket tkd

vuacdrehà`ty fn tkd rdsdttadj pfpuaet`fc wes l`c`l`sdj es nerespfss`had.


24/75

Weid 8?

:9. @c tkd n`cea steid 8H rdpfrt, sdot`fc 5.; fn tkd dxdout`vd sullery rdejs es

nfaafws. Eie`c, tkd pesseids ucjdra`cdj ecj lerbdj E, H ecj O erd pesseids fcwkòk Lr Hecofuat rda`ds `c suppfrt fn k`s oesd fn `cepprfprètday lft`vetdj fr

`cnaudcodj eatdret`fc=

OA@LEZD OKECID

Eoofrj`ci tf tkd @ctdrcet`fcea Wecda fc Oa`letd Okecid iafhea

sde advdas erd dxpdotdj tf r`sd hy ehfut ?;ol hdtwddc 5007 ecjtkd 87;7s. @cjèc ecj Weo`nò Fodec `saecjs neod tkd aeridst

rdaet`vd `cordesd `c naffj r`sb. Eatkfuik tkdrd wàa hd rdi`fcea

verèt`fc, `t `s prfmdotdj tket sde advda wàa r`sd hy ec evdreid fn

4ll pdr yder fvdr tkd cdxt 577 yders RH\. Zkd `lpaòet`fcs fn

tkdsd prdjòt`fcs nfr rdsdttadldct fn tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeiferd ofcs`jdrehad, i`vdc tket ldec dadvet`fc fn tkd `saecjs `s

fcay twf ldtrds.

Zkd lfst sìc`nòect ecj `lldjètd ofcsdqudcods fn oa`letd

okecid nfr tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif erd a`bday tf hd rdaetdj tf

okecids `c sde-advda, re`cneaa rdi`lds, sfà lf`sturd hujidts,

prdveà`ci w`cjs, ecj skfrt tdrl verèt`fc c rdi`fcea ecj afoeapettdrcs fn wevd eot`fc. Es e ofcsdqudcod, lfst `saecjs wàa

dxpdr`dcod `cordesdj advdas fn naffj`ci, eoodadretdj drfs`fc,ecj sdewetdr `ctrus`fc `ctf nrdskwetdr sfurods. Zkd dxtdct ecj

sdvdr`ty fn stfrl `lpeots, `coauj`ci stfrl surid naffjs ecj

skfrd drfs`fc erd prdjòtdj tf `cordesd RE\. Eatkfuik tkd r`sbs

essfoètdj w`tk oa`letd okecid erd cft desày dsteha`skdj tkd

`lpaòet`fcs fn tkdsd `ssuds tf rdsdttadldct fn tkd futdr etfaasfn tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif erd futa`cdj hr`dnay hdafw.

@lpaòet`fcs nfr wetdr rdsfurods=X`s`ci sde advda wfuaj cft

kevd e sìc`nòect dnndot fc `saecj nrdskwetdr adcsds `c tkd

Okeifs erok`pdaeif ucadss aecj `s afst hy `cucjet`fc. @n r`s`cildec sde advda oeusds aecj tf hd pdrlecdctay `cucjetdj, tkdc

tkdrd wàa hd e ofcsdqudct afss `c nrdsk irfucjwetdr.

@cordesdj stfrl`cdss RO\= Zkd Okeifs `saecjs kevd e sleaa

stfrl surid dcvdafpd tkus dvdc sleaa okecids `c sde advda ecjstfrl surid kdìkt `lpa`ds ec `cordesd `c tkd erde tkrdetdcdj

w`tk `cucjet`fc. @t kes hddc prdjòtdj tket tkd naffj`ci sdvdr`ty

nfr e 5 `c 47-yder stfrl dvdct w`tk 7.4l fn sde advda r`sd `s

ealfst es kìk es tkd prdsdct jey 5 `c 5777-yder dvdct.


25/75

Weid 8:

@cucjet`fc oec oeusd sdewetdr `ctrus`fc `ctf nrdskwetdr adcsds.

Zk`s cft fcay rdjuods tkd eveàehà`ty fn wetdr nfr kulecofcsulpt`fc, hut `n sea`c`ty ofcodctret`fcs erd kìk dcfuik `t

oec adej tf jdordesdj eiròuaturea prfjuot`fc.

H`fafiòea systdls ecj h`fj`vdrs`ty= Oa`letd okecid `s

prdjòtdj tf kevd e sìc`nòect `lpeot fc tkd ler`cd ecjtdrrdstrèa dcv`rfcldcts fn tkd Erok`pdaeif. Ofrea rddns erd fcd

fn tkd lfst `lpfrtect dofsystdls a`bday tf hd enndotdj, ecj

tkd`r ehà`ty tf ofpd wàa jdpdcj upfc tkd retd fn sde-advda r`sd

rdaet`vd tf tkd`r irfwtk retd. Zkd Okeifs ofrea rddns wdrd

sdvdrday enndotdj hy tkd 500; Da C`cf dvdct, tkdrdnfrd ecy

nuturd sde surneod werl`ci wfuaj `cordesd prdssurd fc eardejy

strdssdj ofrea rddns. Zkd ejjdj prdssurd fn kulec `ctdrndrdcod

w`tk`c tkd ler`cd dcv`rfcldct wfuaj nurtkdr wdebdc tkdehà`ty fn tkdsd systdls tf ofpd w`tk oa`letd okecid.

N`skdr`ds ecj equeouaturd=@t `s prdjòtdj tket oa`letd okecid

ley kevd e sdvdrd `lpeot fc tkd ehucjecod ecj j`str`hut`fc fn

rddn n`sk pfpuaet`fcs. @c ejj`t`fc, tkdrd `s strfci dv`jdcod fn e

ofrrdaet`fc hdtwddc tkd eccuea `co`jdcod fn oìuetdre (n`sk

pf`sfc`ci) ecj afoea werl`ci fn tkd sde surneod, wkòk wàa

kevd ec `lpeot fc n`skdr`ds pftdctèa, nfr suhs`stdcod ecj

oflldroèa purpfsds. Oa`letd okecid `s dxpdotdj tf kevd hftkpfs`t`vd ecj cdiet`vd `lpeots fc equeouaturd2 hut tkd

`lpaòet`fcs nfr sdewddj nerl`ci (es `cvdstìetdj jur`ci tk`sstujy) `s cft pfs`t`vd, w`tk `cordesdj tdlpdreturds adej`ci tf

rdjuot`fcs `c prfjuot`v`ty RJ\.

Kulec kdeatk, sdttadldct ecj `cnrestruoturd= Wfpuaet`fcs,

`cnrestruoturd ecj a`vda`kffjs erd a`bday tf hd kìkay vuacdrehad

tf tkd `lpeots fn oa`letd okecid. _uste`cehà`ty `c nffj ecj

wetdr eveàehà`ty wàa hd elfci tkd lfst prdss`ci `ssuds,tfidtkdr w`tk tkd vuacdrehà`ty fn `cnrestruoturd tf naffj`ci ecj

stfrl surids.

ûacdrehà`ty ecj ejeptet`fc= Zkdrd `s e w`jd recid fn

ejeptet`fc stretdi`ds tket ofuaj hd dlpafydj hy e rdsdttadj

pfpuaet`fc `c rdspfcsd tf oa`letd okecid. @ctdiretdj ofestea

leceidldct kes hddc strfciay ejvfoetdj es tkd bdy paecc`ci

nreldwfrb nfr ejeptet`fc.


26/75

Weid 84

Ejept`ci tf `saecj cstehà`ty=Zkdrd erd twf `ssuds tket cddj tf

hd tebdc ctf eoofuct c ejept`ci tf `saecj `cstehà`ty= skfrda`cddrfs`fc ecj sdj`ldct `cucjet`fc fn tkd `saecj surneod.

Ejeptet`fc oec neaa w`tk`c tkrdd hrfej oetdifr`ds jdpdcj`ci fc

tkd advda fn `cnrestruoturd ecj pfpuaet`fc jdcs`ty fc `saecjs= cf

rdspfcsd2 eoofllfjet`fc (`cnrestruoturd ecj jwdaa`cis erd

rdpaeodj et e retd oflldcsuretd w`tk `saecj lìret`fc)2 fr

prftdot`fc (le`ctdcecod fn `cnrestruoturd tkrfuik ofestea

prftdot`fc ldesurds). Zkd aettdr `s a`bday tf hd tkd lfst ofstay

stretdiy, ecj skfuaj hd evf`jdj tkrfuik w`sd aecj usd

paecc`ci.

Ejeptet`fc tf `cucjet`fc= Xdspfcsd tf `cucjet`fc wàa very

jdpdcj`ci fc tkd advda fn jdvdafpldct fc `saecjs. Fc `saecjs

tket wàa kevd a`ttad `cnrestruoturd, es `s a`bday tf hd tkd oesd `cOkeifs, tkd ofsts tf prftdot eie`cst `cucjet`fc erd a`bday tf hd

prfk`h`t`vd. Ejeptet`fc ldesurds wàa `coaujd s`t`ci fn

`cnrestruoturd `c afw r`sb erdes ecj tkd eppaòet`fc fn

epprfprètd `cnrestruoturd jdsìcs, suok es rdv`sdj naffr advdas

ecj fpdc struoturds. Lfrd rfhust ldesurds tf prdvdct

`cucjet`fc, suok es sdeweaas, erd cft rdoflldcjdj es tkdy

cdodss`tetd ofstay le`ctdcecod ecj nuturd vdrtòea dxtdcs`fc es

sde advda r`sds, ecj tkdy oec adej tf ejvdrsd `lpeots fc ofesteakeh`tets.

Ejeptet`fc tf rddn rdspfcsd= J`souss`fc fn tkd pfss`hadrdspfcsd fn ofrea rddns tf sde-advda r`sd `cjòetds tket et wfrst

rddn nffj ecj sdj`ldct rdsfurods j`l`c`sk ecj et hdst tkdy erd

le`cte`cdj et s`làer advdas fr ley dvdc `cordesd. Zkd

`lpfrtecod fn rddns es hftk ceturea ofestea prftdot`fc struoturds

ecj prfv`jdrs fn nffj ldecs tket ecy ejeptet`fc ldesurds

eie`cst oa`letd okecid, ecj ecy kulec a`vda`kffj eot`v`t`ds,

skfuaj cft oflprfl`sd tkd kdeatk fn tkd rddn systdl.

L`c`l`s`ci ejvdrsd dnndots fc rddns wàa rdqu`rd rfhustpfaaut`fc ofctrfa ldesurds ecj dnndot`vd westd leceidldct.

Nrfl ec dxel`cet`fc fn prfmdotdj oa`letd okecid sodcer`fs, `t

`s a`bday tket tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif, ecj ecy pfpuaet`fc

sdttadj fc tkd futdr etfaas, wàa hd vuacdrehad tf `ts dnndots. Zkd

le`c `ssud neo`ci e rdsdttadj pfpuaet`fc fc tkd afw-ay`ci

`saecjs wàa hd naffj`ci dvdcts, wkòk erd a`bday tf `cordesd `c

pdr`fjò`ty ecj `ctdcs`ty, ecj wàa cft fcay tkrdetdc

`cnrestruoturd hut easf tkd nrdskwetdr equ`ndrs ecj eiròuatureaprfjuot`fc. _dvdrd dvdcts ley dvdc tkrdetdc a`nd. @cordesds `c


27/75

Weid 8>

sde surneod tdlpdreturds erd a`bday tf kevd ejvdrsd dnndots fc

ofrea rddns ecj ofcsdqudctay tkd`r ehà`ty tf eot es e ofesteajdndcod tf tkd `saecjs, ecj tf suppfrt n`skdr`ds. Zk`s wàa paeod

lfrd prdssurd fc rdsdttadj pfpuaet`fcs tf cft fcay ofuctdreot

tkd prdssurds fn oa`letd okecid hut easf tf dcsurd tket tkd`r

suhs`stdcod ecj `cofld cddjs erd ldt.

:;. Zkd bdy eldcjldcts rda`dj upfc tkdrdnfrd neaa ucjdr nfur kdejs. @t s wfrtk

dlpkes`s`ci tkd`r a`l`tdj dxtdct `c tkd fvdreaa ofctdxt fn tkd rdpfrt, ecj pertòuaeray

`c tkd aìkt fn tkd uceatdrdj Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs ecj ûacdrehà`ty sdot`fcs.

Yketdvdr tkd suiidst`fc - wkdtkdr t s tket tkd eatdret`fcs wdrd tkd prfjuot fn ucjud

dxdout`vd `cnaudcod fr tket tkdy `c sfld wey jdlfcstretd tket tkd n`cea rdpfrt wes

ucrdaèhad fr tket tkd _dordtery fn _tetd wfuaj kevd rdeokdj e j`nndrdct jdo`s`fc

rdierj`ci tkd leb`ci fn tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr `n kd kej fcay hddc skfwc tkd

jrent retkdr tkec tkd n`cea rdpfrt - tkd a`l`tdj dxtdct fn tkd eatdret`fcs `c tkd fvdreaaofctdxt fn tkd rdpfrt pf`cts tf ly l`cj skerpay eie`cst i`v`ci `t ordjdcod fr wdìkt.

:0. Kfwdvdr, @ lust easf dxel`cd tkd eldcjldcts lfrd oafsday. Zeb`ci n`rst tkd

okecid `jdct`n`dj et RE\ tkd le`c or`tò`sl `s tket

Zkd dnndot fn tk`s okecid `stf jdadtd nrfl tkd ndes`hà`ty stujytkd `lpfrtect neot tket tkd Okeifs @saecjs erd cft w`tk`c tkd

oyoafcd hdat et prdsdct, hut tf tkd Cfrtk fn `t. Zkdrd `s cf`cnfrlet`fc ecywkdrd `c tkd Wkesd 8H stujy tf `cjòetd tket (5)

tkd oyoafcd hdat kes lfvdj, d`tkdr cfrtkwerj fr `c ecy ftkdr

j`rdot`fc, c tkd pest2 fr (8) tket t s a`bday tf lfvd c tkd nuturd2

fr (?) tket n t wdrd tf lfvd t wfuaj lfvd oafsdr tf tkd Okeifs

@saecjs es fppfsdj tf lfv`ci nurtkdr ewey nrfl tkdl.

Zk`s `s cft kfwdvdr ofrrdot. Hftk tkd I`nnfrj/Juccd Eceays`s Cftd ecj Lr

Mdccdsss rdpfrt jdlfcstretd tket tkd pesseid rdlfvdj nrfl tkd jrent dxdout`vd

sullery rdle`cdj `c tkd hfjy fn tkd rdpfrt= sdd D5??7, o`t`ci pesseids nrfl Wert

@@@ wkòk sdt fut tkd seld `cnfrlet`fc es eppderdj `c tkd jrent ehfut tkd dnndot fn esleaa sk`nt cfrtk `c tkd oyoafcd hdat.

47. E sdofcj or`tò`sl ejjrdssdj tf tkd okecid et RE\ rdaetds tf tkd ejj`t`fc fn

cdw sdctdcods stet`ci tket Es e ofcsdqudcod Rfn oa`letd okecid\, lfst `saecjs wàa

dxpdr`dcod `cordesdj advdas fn naffj`ci, eoodadretdj drfs`fc, ecj sdewetdr `ctrus`fc`ctf nrdskwetdr sfurods ecj tket Zkd dxtdct ecj sdvdr`ty fn stfrl `lpeots,

`coauj`ci stfrl surid naffjs ecj skfrd drfs`fc erd prdjòtdj tf `cordesd. Nfr tkd

aettdr, `t `s se`j, Zkdrd `s cf neotuea hes`s ecj `t `s cft suppfrtdj hy e oafsd rdej`ci

fn tkd hfjy fn tkd rdpfrt.Es tf tk`s, twf pf`cts er`sd. N`rst, hftk tkd jrent ecj tkd


28/75

Weid 89

n`cea rdpfrts stert hy stet`ci tket tkd lfst sìc`nòect ecj `lldjètd ofcsdqudcods

fn oa`letd okecid nfr tkd Okeifs Erok`pdaeif erd a`bday tf hd rdaetdj tf okecids `csde advdas, re`cneaa rdi`lds, sfà lf`sturd hujidts, prdveà`ci w`cjs ecj wevd

eot`fc. Zkd stetdldcts `c tkd n`cea vdrs`fc tket Es e ofcsdqudcod lfst `saecjs wàa

dxpdr`dcod `cordesdj advdas fn naffj`ci, eoodadretdj drfs`fc, ecj sdewetdr `ctrus`fc

`ctf nrdskwetdr sfurods ecj tket tkd dxtdct ecj sdvdr`ty fn stfrl `lpeots, `coauj`ci

stfrl surid naffjs ecj skfrd drfs`fc erd prdjòtdj tf `cordesd nfaafw

ucsurpr`s`ciay nrfl tk`s `c`tèa sdctdcod.

45. _dofcj, es tf tkd or`tò`sl fn aeob fn dv`jdctèa suppfrt, cf hes`s eppders nfr

jfuht`ci tket tkdsd stetdldcts wdrd nuaay dcjfrsdj, ecj `n ecytk`ci rdierjdj es

ucjdrstetdj, hy Jr _kdpperj. Jr (cfw Wrfndssfr) _kdpperj wes et tkd t`ld Kdej fn

H`fafiòea _o`dcods et Yerwòb Tc`vdrs`ty, ecj wes (uca`bd Lr Mdccdss, wkf wes

e rdsdttadldct ectkrfpfafi`st) ec eobcfwadjidj dxpdrt fc oa`letd okecid ecj

ler`cd so`dcod `c idcdrea ecj fc H@FZ `c pertòuaer. Kd suppfrtdj Wfsnfrjsofcoaus`fcs `c tk`s erde ecj hda`dvdj tket tkdy wdrd, `n ecytk`ci, ucjdrstetdj= sdd di

D8:70, wkdrd fc 5: Ley 8778 kd oflldctdj fc tkd jrent rdpfrt=

Fodecfirepkò, oa`letd, irfucjwetdr ecj sfàs sdot`fcs erd

so`dct`nòeaay sfucj (w`tk sfld qudr`ds ecj rdv`s`fcs suiidstdj).

Zkdsd hrfejay skfw tket jdvdafpldct `c tkd `saecjs `s cft

sdcs`had, afci tdrl cfr suste`cehad (ecj ley dvdc hdofld

jecidrfus) nfr tkd n`rst twf jdvdafpldct sodcer`fs.

_dd nurtkdr D8:>5, wkdrd fc ?5st Ley Jr _kdpperj cftdj, `c rdaet`fc tf re`cneaa ecj

rdokeri`ci fn tkd adcsds ecj `c v`dw fn okecids tf nuturd re`cneaa prfmdotdj hy tkd

Kejady Odctrds wdhs`td, tket tkd ofcsdqudcods tf suste`cehad sdttadldct culhdrs

ofuajhd ofcs`jdrehad2 ecj D8450 tf D848? wkdrd `c Fotfhdr 8778 kd rdspfcjdjtf Lr Mdccdsss or`tò`sls fn tkd n`cea vdrs`fc, stet`ci, `c pertòuaer, tket

pest aeob fn naffj`ci, aeob fn drfs`fc, stdejy tdlpdreturd, erd

cf iu`jd et eaa tf ofcj`t`fcs nrfl cfw fc

ecj tket

fur oa`letò dctry `ctf tkd ucbcfwc `s j`nnòuat tf eoodpt

nfr tkfsd wkf erd ucvdrsdj `c suok lettdrs, es sddls tf hd tkd

oesd w`tk Mdccdss. (D8450)

48.

Jr _kdpperj wdct fc (D8487)=


29/75

Weid 8;

Zkd oa`letd lfjdaa`ci sdot`fc, wkòk `s tkd pert wkòk lfst

dnndot`vday suppfrts tkd cft`fc tket rdsdttadldct wàa hdkezerjfus`s tkd lfst or`tò`sdj hy Mdccdss. @c neot tkd lfjda

`s prdtty rìfrfus ecj `s prfhehay ofrrdot. @t jfds l`ss sfld

jdteà, hut ts idcdrea tdcdt s ealfst odrte`cay, uckeppày nfr tkd

Okeifs `saecjs, qu`td eoouretd, ecj n`ts wdaa w`tk oa`letd

lfjdaa`ci ecj prdjòt`fcs nrfl lecy ftkdr sfurods. Eie`c,

Mdccdss `s ucewerd must kfw luok okecid `s nfrdoest. (@n kd `s

ewerd, kd `s wr`t`ci prfpeiecje, cft e so`dct`nò or`t`qud.)

4?. @n ecytk`ci, t s oader tket Jr _kdpperj tkfuikt tket Wfsnfrj skfuaj kevd ifcd

nurtkdr. Zkus et D8:>? kd `s rdofrjdj es kev`ci ejv`sdj fc ?5 Ley 8778 tket

nfaafw`ci skfuaj hd nurtkdr ejjrdssdj fr rdsfavdj `c tkd n`cea rdpfrt, v`z

Dnndots fn sde advda r`sd fc tkd hfucjer`ds fr jdptks fn tkd

adcsds, dspdoèaay `c `saecjs wkfsd odctrea perts erd cder sdeadvda (twf `saecjs wdrd advdaadj ecj tk`s ofuaj hd usdnuaay

`cofrpfretdj).

Wfsnfrjs rdspfcsd wes tket Zkd dnndots fn sde advda r`sd fc tkd irfucjwetdr

systdls wes cft `c tkd ZFX nfr tkd irfucjwetdr sdot`fc. Es e nurtkdr dxelpad,oflldct`ci fc Lr Mdccdss v`dws et D8488, Jr _kdpperj rdofrjs=

Oyoafcds ecj Dertkquebds

Wfsnfrj jf if fc e aft ehfut oyoafcds ecj dertkquebds, wkòk

`s vea`jay or`tò`sdj hy Mdccdss. Yketdvdr wdetkdr okecids wàa

foour, oyoafcds (ecj odrte`cay dertkquebds) erd cft dxpdotdj tf

okecid et eaa. Mdccdss `s ofrrdot tf sey tket Wfsnfrj wdct

fvdrhferj ucmust`nèhay fc tk`s. (Wfsnfrj skfuaj - es wes

rdoflldcjdj tf tkdl - kevd lejd lfrd fc sde advda r`sd ecj

werl`ci, wkòk `s tfuokdj fc, ecj wfuaj kevd hddcucesseàehad.)

Jr _kdpperjs v`dw ehfut oyoafcds qu`td prfhehay adj tf tkd rdlfvea fn tkd

rdndrdcod tf oyoafcds nrfl tkd dxdout`vd sullery tf tkd hfjy fn tkd tdxt. Zkd n`cea

hreobdtdj sdctdcod easf spdebs eie`cst ecy `jde tket Wfsnfrj wdrd dcieidj `c e

wk`tdwesk, fr tket tkd ofcsuatects wdrd cft eot`ci `cjdpdcjdctay.

4:.

Jr _kdpperj wdct fc (D8488)=


30/75

Weid 80

Drfs`fc ecj fvdrtfpp`ci

Mdccdss seys tket tkdrd `s cf cddj tf jdndr ecy

paecs (nfr rdsdttadldct) hdnfrd retds fn saecj drfs`fc erd

dsteha`skdj. Zket `s pae`c jent, ucadss eaa ofcstruot`fcserd lfvdehad.

Mdccdss seys tket aeob fn fvdrtfpp`ci jeleid `c

tkd pest ldecs tket dst`letds fn `cordesdj fvdrtfpp`ci`c nuturd erd dxeiidretdj. Zkd oa`letd `s okeci`ci, ecj

tkd pest `s cfw cf iu`jd tf tkd nuturd `c tk`s rdspdot.

Mdccdss eobcfwadjids dasdwkdrd tket oa`letdokecid `s foourr`ci ecj tket tk`cis ley idt wfrsd. Hut

kd seys tket tk`s `s cf rdesfc tf cft jdvdafp. Eaa tket `s

cddjdj s tket jdvdafpldct skfuaj usd oerdnua aecj usd

paecc`ci ecj leceidldct w`tk strfci oflpfcdcts nfr

ofstea leceidldct ecj rddn kdeatk. Yket jfds kd ldec6

Zk`s swddps e kuid `ssud (tkd `ssud) ucjdr tkd oerpdt.

Zkd fcay aecj wkòk wàa hd ehfvd prfmdotdj naffj`ci `s

e r`l erfucj pert fn lfst `saecjs. Kd seys `t skfuaj cftprdoaujd rdsdttadldct fn tkd Okeifs `c e prujdctay

paeccdj nesk`fc. Ykdrd6

44. E n`cea quftet`fc nrfl Jr _kdpperj rdejs (D848:)=

Mdccdss kes luok tf sey ehfut tkd fl`ss`fcs fc kdeatk,

dofcflòs dto. _fld erd vea`j. Hut kd rdeaay skfuaj if ecj

stecj fc fcd fn tkd `saecjs, kfaj`ci e ofpy fn tkd `saecjs

prfnàd ehfvd sde advda, hdnfrd kd seys Aecj afss ley hd

`cdv`tehad ecj skfuaj hd paeccdj nfr. Afss fn irfucjwetdr oec

hd paeccdj nfr ... ecj ... oec hd leceidj w`tk lfjdst`cvdstldct. Zk`s ley hd trud nfr, sey 87 yders. Hut hdyfcj

tket wd erd teab`ci kdrd cft ehfut e a`ttad afss fn e hdeok, hut

pfss`hà`ty fn hrfeok`ci fn tkd r ls ecj naffj`ci fn aerid caecj

erdes.

4>. Zkd upskft `s `c ly fp`c`fc tket tkdrd `s cf hes`s nfr rdierj`ci es suspò`fus

fr eotueaay fr pftdctèaay sìc`nòect `c ecy wey d`tkdr (e) tkd rdlfvea `c tkd n`cea

vdrs`fc fn pereirepk 5.; fn tkd rdndrdcod tf tkd pfss`hà`ty fn e sleaa cfrtkwerj sk`nt

fn tkd oyoafcd hdat fr (h) tkd `coaus`fc fn (`) e rdndrdcod tf `cordesdj advdas fn


31/75

Weid ?7

naffj`ci, eoodadretdj drfs`fc ecj sdewetdr `ctrus`fc `ctf nrdskwetdr sfurods fr (``)

tkd prdjòtdj `cordesd `c sdvdr`ty fn stfrl `lpeots, `coauj`ci stfrl surid naffjs ecjskfrd drfs`fc.

49.

@ oec tebd tkd ftkdr tkrdd bdy eldcjldcts, RH\, RO\ ecj RJ\ qu`td hr`dnay. Zkdn`rst, e okecid `c rdspdot fn nuturd sde wetdr advda r`sds nrfl e recid fn 8-0ll pdr

yder tf ec evdreid fn 4ll e yder oeccft ofcod`vehay hd s`c`stdr fr sìc`nòect, fr,`n `t kej hddc bcfwc tf fr nfousdj fc hy ecy jdo`s`fc-lebdr, kevd adj tf e okecid

`c ecy l`c`stdrèa jdo`s`fc. Zkd sdofcj `s e oflpae`ct tket tkd jrent dxdout`vd

sullery rdndrrdj tf tkd idcdrea `cordesd `c stfrl`cdss tket ley eooflpecy

oa`letd okecid (D8?09) wkàd tkd n`cea dxdout`vd sullery ofcte`cdj epereirepk

stert`ci @cordesdj stfrl`cdss (D8:0;). Zkd _ullery Cftd jfds cft rdofrj tket

tkd aettdr pereirepk ofct`cuds tkd Okeifs `saecjs kevd e sleaa stfrl surid

dcvdafpd tkus dvdc sleaa okecids `c sde advda ecj stfrl surid kdìkt `lpa`ds ec

`cordesd `c tkd erde tkrdetdcdj w`tk `cucjet`fc. Zf ly l`cj, tkdrd `s tkdrdnfrdcftk`ci `c tkd j`nndrdcod. Hut, `n tkdrd `s, `t `s oader nrfl Jr _kdpperjs v`dws,

eardejy sdt fut, tket kd wfuaj suppfrt tkd rdpfrtdj tkrdet. Zkd tk`rj ecj aest pf`ct

rdaetds tf e cdwpereirepk cft`ci tket `t `s prdjòtdj tket oa`letd okecid ley kevd

e sdvdrd `lpeot fc tkd ehucjecod ecj j`str`hut`fc fn rddn n`sk pfpuaet`fcs (D8:00).

Zkd oflpae`ct `s tket tkd hfjy fn tkd rdpfrt `s dxprdssdj `c lfrd cuecodj tdrls.

Eie`c, `t `s oader tket Jr _kdpperj tffb e oader v`dw fn tkd a`bday dnndots fn oa`letd

okecid, ecj tkdrd `s cf rdesfc tf suspdot tket tkd n`cea vdrs`fc rdprdsdctdj ecytk`ci

ftkdr tkec e idcu`cd prdjòt`fc. Ecy j`nndrdcod `c cuecod skfuaj easf kevd hddcepperdct ecj, wkdtkdr fr cft sf, oeccft ofcod`vehay suppfrt ec eriuldct tket tkd

l`c`stdr eotdj rret`fceaay c leb`ci tkd Frjdrs kd j`j fc tkd hes`s fn tkd n`cea rdpfrt.

Kdejs (``) ecj (```)

4;. Zkdsd twf kdejs neod `c fppfs`td j`rdot`fcs. Hftk e`l et ucjdrl`c`ci tkd

steid 8H rdpfrt. Hut kdej (``) jfds sf hy rday`ci fc Jr _kdpperj ecj k`s eaadidj

dcjfrsdldct fn or`tò`sls hy Lr Mdccdss, tkd rdsdttadldct ectkrfpfafi`st `cstruotdj

fc hdkean fn Lr Hecofuat tf ofcs`jdr tkd steid 8H rdpfrt c eutulc 8778, wkàd kdej

(```) suiidsts tket Jr _kdpperjs `cput `ctf tkd steid 8H rdpfrt aeobdj fhmdot`v`tyecj wes ucrdaèhad.

40. Es tf tkd aettdr suiidst`fc, tkd eppaòect kes tkrfuik k`s rdprdsdctet`vds hddc

prdperdj nfr e afci t`ld tf oest w`jd-reci`ci espdrs`fcs fc e aerid culhdr fn

pdfpad, `coauj`ci Jr _kdpperj. Hut @ jf cft tk`cb tket tkdy erd lejd iffj, ecj tket

`coaujds tkd suiidst`fcs tket Jr _kdpperj eaafwdj k`s `ctdrdst `c prdsdrv`ci ofrea

rddns tf `cnaudcod tkd ejvòd kd ievd ifvdrcldct. Fc tkd ofctrery, Jr _kdpperj

oflds eorfss `c tkd letdrèa es e nfrtkrìkt ecj vdry `cjdpdcjdct okereotdr, cft

kds`tet`ci tf oflldct hauctay fc tkfsd wfrb`ci nfr ifvdrcldct fr nfr tkd eppaòect=sdd di k`s dleà fn 5: Ley et D8:7>, oflldcts fn 5:, ?7 ecj ?5 Ley 8778 sdt fut


32/75

Weid ?5

fr rdpfrtdj et D8:70-8:88, D8:47-8:45 ecj D8:>7-8:>: ecj nurtkdr oflldcts fc

Lr Mdccdss (sfld o`tdj ehfvd) et D845;-8484. @ easf sdd cf hes`s nfr rdierj`ci tkdsteid 8H rdpfrt es ucrdaèhad fr nfr trdet`ci rdaècod fc t es rret`fcea c 877:, s`lpay

hdoeusd Jr _kdpperj kej hddc tkd sfad futs`jd rdv`dwdr cstruotdj hy tkd dxdout`vd,

`c ejj`t`fc tf Lr A`ttad, wkf kej hddc eppf`ctdj es NOF Ndes`hà`ty _tujy Wrfmdot

Leceidr.

>7. Es tf tkd nfrldr suiidst`fc, eatkfuik Jr _kdpperj eirddj w`tk espdots fn Lr

Mdccdsss rdpfrt, `t `s epperdct nrfl k`s oflldcts fc tket rdpfrt wkòk @ kevd

eardejy sdt fut tket kd j`seirddj nucjeldcteaay w`tk ecy suiidst`fc tket Lr

Mdccdsss rdpfrt ucjdrl`cdj tkd ofcoaus`fcs `c tkd steid 8H rdpfrt, ecj tket kd

wfuaj k`lsdan kevd ifcd, `n ecytk`ci, nurtkdr `c j`sofuct`ci tkd r`sbs fn oa`letd

okecid tket ucjdraey tkfsd ofcoaus`fcs.

Ofcoaus`fc rdaet`ci tf tkd Xesk`j jfouldcts

>5. Zkd dssdctèa `ssuds, es suller`sdj `c Lr N`tzidreaj UOs spdeb`ci cftd, erd

(`) wkdtkdr jud j`soafsurd fn tkd Xesk`j jfouldcts wfuaj kevd adj tf e okeaadcid

hy Lr Hecofuats rdprdsdctet`vds tf tkd steid 8H rdpfrt `c tkd frì`cea mujòèa

rdv`dw prfoddj`cis, ecj, `n sf, (``) wkdtkdr `t `s a`bday tket suok e okeaadcid wfuaj

kevd rdsuatdj `c e j`nndrdct futofld `c tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs fc tkd ret`fcea`ty fn tkdrdlfvea hy tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr fn tkd rìkt fn ehfjd. Zkd twf qudst`fcs erd

fn ofursd `ctdr-ofccdotdj, s`cod ecy jdo`s`fc wkdtkdr fr cft tf okeaadcid tkd steid8H rdpfrt wfuaj kevd jdpdcjdj fc ec essdssldct fn tkd prfspdots fn suok e

okeaadcid suooddj`ci.

>8. Es tf tkd n`rst qudst`fc, sfld oeut`fc `s `c ly v`dw rdqu`rdj hdnfrd eoodpt`ci

futrìkt tkd suhl`ss`fc tket `t `s odrte`c tket tkdrd wfuaj kevd hddc suok e

okeaadcid. Lr Hecofuats ejv`sdrs kej `c Jdodlhdr 8774 kej j`soafsurd fn Lr

Kelàtfcs dxtdcs`vd adttdr jetdj 8? Ley 8778 dv`jdco`ci tkd ceturd fn tkd NOFs

`cvfavdldct `c ecj `cput `ctf tkd prfodss fn rd-jrent`ci ecj n`cea`set`fc fn tkd rdpfrt

(sdd peres 87 ecj ?9-?; ehfvd). Lr Hecofuats sfaò`tfrs ndat ehad, nrfl Mecuery

877> fcwerjs, tf lebd sdr`fus eaadiet`fcs ehfut aeob fn `cjdpdcjdcod fn tkd steid8H rdpfrt es wdaa es ehfut eaadidjay sìc`nòect eatdret`fcs hdtwddc tkd jrent ecj

n`cea vdrs`fcs fn tkd prda`l`cery stujy nrfl Mecuery 877> fcwerjs (sdd di D5:98

ecj D5:;9). Pdt, et tkd seld t`ld, tkd eppaòect tkrfuik _yjcdy Bdctr`jid UO wes

dxprdssay j`soae`l`ci hdnfrd tkd J`v`s`fcea Ofurt ecy okeaadcid tf tkd stujy fr `ts

futofld= sdd D5:;8. Lr Hecofuats ejv`sdrs j`j cft et tket steid tk`cb tkdy ofuaj

fr skfuaj dvdc try tf fvdrofld tkd n`rst kurjad. Nurtkdr, tkdy le`cte`cdj tk`s ett`tujd

nfr yders, coauj`ci entdr j`soafsurd c Fotfhdr 8757 fn tkd dleà jetdj 80 Ley 8778

(peres 85 ecj ?0-:7 ehfvd), jdsp`td ofct`cu`ci tf lebd sdr`fus eaadiet`fcs `c

ofrrdspfcjdcod fn aeob fn `cjdpdcjdcod ecj `cvea`j`ty.


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Weid ?8

>?. Nfr prdsdct purpfsds, @ el kfwdvdr prdperdj tf essuld w`tkfut jdo`j`ci tket

e okeaadcid wfuaj kevd hddc lejd, ecj tf prfoddj j`rdotay tf e ofcs`jdret`fc fn tkdsdofcj. @c Lr N`tzidreajs nfrluaet`fc, tket `s wkdtkdr `t `s a`bday tket suok e

okeaadcid wfuaj kevd rdsuatdj `c e j`nndrdct futofld - hut `c ly mujildct `t lebds

cf j`nndrdcod uat`letday wkdtkdr tkd tdst skfuaj hd nfrluaetdj et tkd saìktay kìkdr

advda fn e rdqu`rdldct tf skfw e prfhehà`ty tket `t wfuaj kevd jfcd sf fr et tkd

pdrkeps saìktay afwdr advda fn wkdtkdr `t ley wdaa kevd jfcd sf.

>:. Zkd sdofcj qudst`fc rdjuods `tsdan uat`letday tf e qudst`fc wkdtkdr `t `s

prfhehad fr a`bday, fr wkdtkdr `t ley wdaa hd, tket tkd letdr ea cfw eveàehad wfuaj

kevd adj tkd ofurt (et wkòkdvdr advda tkd oesd wes hd`ci ofcs`jdrdj) tf ofcoaujd

tket `t wes `rret`fcea fr ucmust`n`dj nfr tkd _dordtery fn _tetd tf eoodpt ecj eot fc tkd

Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs sdt fut `c tkd steid 8H rdpfrt. Zkfsd wdrd tkd Idcdrea

Ofcoaus`fcs fc wkòk tkd _dordtery fn _tetd eotdj wkdc leb`ci, ecj wkòk tkd

lemfr`ty `c tkd Kfusd fn Afrjs rdierjdj es must`ny`ci k`s jdo`s`fc tf lebd, sdot`fc0 fn tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr. @c ejjrdss`ci tk`s qudst`fc, @ prfoddj fc tkd hes`s

tket `t `s cdodssery ecj epprfprètd tf trdet tkd _dordtery fn _tetd, wkdc jdo`j`ci `c

Mucd 877: wkdtkdr tf lebd sdot`fc 0 fn tkd 877: Ofcst`tut`fc Frjdr, es kev`ci

eveàehad tf k`l fr w`tk`c k`s bcfwadjid eaa tkd ofctdlpfrery letdrèa wkòk c neot

dx`stdj `c tkd pfssdss`fc fn tkd dxdout`vd. Zket `coaujds tkd jrent rdpfrt ecj eaa tkd

dxokecids teb`ci paeod ecj ejvòd rdod`vdj `c tkd prfodss fn `ts rdjrent`ci ecj

n`cea`set`fc. @s `t d`tkdr prfhehad fr a`bday, fr ley `t wdaa hd, tket tkd ofurt wfuaj

kevd ofcoaujdj tket tkd letdrèa cfw skfwc tf kevd hddc w`tk`c tkd dxdout`vdspfssdss`fc fr bcfwadjid et tkd rdadvect jetd c Mucd 877: ucjdrl`cds tkd ret`fcea`ty

fr must`nèhà`ty fn tkd _dordtery fn _tetds jdo`s`fc tf rday fc suok Ofcoaus`fcs6

>4. Zkd ecswdr `c ly fp`c`fc `s oader. Zkd Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs, ecj tkd sdot`fc

fc ûacdrehà`ty `lldjètday prdodj`ci tkdl rdle`cdj uceatdrdj nrfl tkd jrent tf

tkd n`cea steid 8H rdpfrt. Zkdrd `s cf prfhehà`ty, a`bda`kffj fr prfspdot (ecj, nfr

oflpadtdcdss, `c ly v`dw easf cf rdea pfss`hà`ty) tket e ofurt wfuaj kevd sddc fr

wfuaj sdd, `c tkd prfodss fn prdperet`fc, rd-jrent`ci ecj n`cea`set`fc fn tkd steid 8H

rdpfrt ecj `c tkd essfoètdj letdrèa wkòk oec cfw hd sddc tf kevd dx`stdj,

ecytk`ci wkòk ofuaj, wfuaj fr skfuaj kevd oeusdj tkd _dordtery fn _tetd tf jfuht

tkd Idcdrea Ofcoaus`fcs, fr wkòk lejd `t `rret`fcea fr ftkdrw`sd ucmust`nèhad tfeot fc tkdl `c Mucd 877:. Fc tket hes`s, tkd eppaòet`fc tf sdt es`jd tkd Kfusd fnAfrjs mujildct hy rdndrdcod tf tkd Xesk`j ecj ftkdr jfouldcts j`soafsdj aetd lust

neà.

Ejj`t`fcea dv`jdcod

>>. Zkd n`rst kdej ofcs`sts fn tkd Eceays`s Cftd. Zk`s, es `ts celd `cjòetds,

ofcs`sts dssdctèaay fn ec eceays`s fn pr`lery letdrèa ecj/fr suhl`ss`fcs fc `t. @tsjdvdafpldct kes tebdc paeod fvdr yders stert`ci frì`ceaay `t sddls es deray es 877>


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Weid ??

ecj ofct`cu`ci up tf et adest 8758. Yd kevd `t `c ver`fus nfrls. @t `s cft ofcod`vdj

fr prdsdctdj es dv`jdcod, tkfuik @ kevd tebdc ts ofctdcts ctf eoofuct c ofcs`jdr`citkd pert`ds rdspdot`vd oesds ecj suhl`ss`fcs fc tkd letdrèa wkòk `s ejl`ss`had

ecj rdadvect.

>9. Zkd sdofcj kdej ofcs`sts fn `cnfrlet`fc prfv`jdj hy Lr _tdpkdc Ebdstdr,

wkf, entdr tkd`r okecod lddt`ci, wrftd tf Lr I`nnfrj e adttdr jetdj 55 Ndhruery 8755dxpae`c`ci tkd rfad fn k`s oflpecy, LDW, es e suh-ofctreotfr tf Wfsnfrj. LDW wes

pr`co`peaay ofcodrcdj w`tk wetdr rdsfurods ecj n`skdr`ds, ecj friec`sdj tkd s`td v`s`t

tf tkd Okeifs `c deray 8775. Lr Ebdstdr dxpae`cs tket k`s fwc dxpdr`dcod wes `c

rdi`fcea jdvdafpldct. @c k`s adttdr, Lr Ebdstdr se`j tket entdr tkd s`td v`s`t, LDW

rdpfrtdj ecj `t eppders prfv`jdj Wfsnfrj w`tk tkd tkrdd jdvdafpldct sodcer`fs, entdr

wkòk Wfsnfrj ecj kd kej cf nurtkdr `cvfavdldct. Hut kd dxpae`cdj=

Hdoeusd @ ecj fur tdel ofcs`jdrdj tket rdsdttadldct wes

ndes`had, @ prdperdj e jrent f

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Retour aux Chagos : l’appel d’Olivier Bancoult rejeté par la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni