Synopsis AR.docx

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Abhishek raj | B.Tech (E.E.E.) | March 31, 2014

A Walk to Power Scenario in INDIA SYNOPSIS


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TABLE OF CONTENT History Electricity Sector in India Types of energy resources and its scenario in India Non Renewable Energy Resources

1. Thermal Energy2. Nuclear Energy

Renewable Energy Resources1. Hydro Electric Power2. Solar Energy

3. Wind Energy4. Geo-Thermal Energy5. Tidal Energy6. Bio Mass Power

Rural Electrification Key Messages References


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HISTORY

The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted on 24 July 1879.

The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea estateat Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.

The first hydroelectric power station in J&K was established at Mohra inBaramulla by Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1905.

Company (*B.E.S.T.) set up a generating station in 1905 to provideelectricity for the tramway.

The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria Terminus andKurla along the Harbour Line.

*Birhanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport


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Coal, 68%Hydro, 16%

Gas, 8%Oil, 4%

Nuclear, 2%

Solar, Wind and

Others,2%

CombustibleRenewableand Waste,

0%

Coal

Hydro

Gas

Oil

Nuclear

Source: International Energy Agency. Energy Balances Of Non-OECD Countri

ELECTRICITY SECTOR IN INDIA The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 205.34

Gigawatt (GW) as of June 2012, the world's fifth largest.

Thermal power plants constitute 68% of the installed capacity,hydroelectric about 16% and rest being a combination of wind, smallhydro, biomass, waste-to-electricity, and nuclear.

In terms of fuel, coal-fired plants account for 56% of India's installedelectricity capacity, compared to South Africa's 92%; China's 77%; and Australia's 76%. After coal, renewal hydropower accounts for 19%,renewable energy for 12% and natural gas for about 9%.

As of January 2012, one report found the per capita total consumption inIndia to be 778 kWh.

India is the world's fourth largest energy consumer after United States,China and Russia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt


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TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES AND ITS SCENARIOIN INDIAThere are two types of energy in world on the basis of their sources andproduction cycles.

Non Renewable Energy Resources3. Thermal Energy4. Nuclear Energy

Renewable Energy Resources A. Hydro Electric PowerB. Solar EnergyC. Wind EnergyD. Geo-Thermal EnergyE. Tidal EnergyF. Bio Mass Power


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2. Nuclear Energy

India had 4.8 GW of installed electricity generation capacity usingnuclear fuels

India's nuclear plants generated 32455 million units or 3.75% of totalelectricity produced in India.

India's nuclear power plant development began in 1964 bycommissioning of two boiling water reactors at Tarapur.


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RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

A.

Hydro Electric Power India is one of the pioneering countries in establishing hydro-electric power plants.

The power plants at Darjeeling and Shimsha (Shivanasamudra) were established in1898 and 1902 respectively and are among the first in Asia.

India is endowed with economically exploitable and viable hydro potential assessed tobe about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor. In addition, 6,780 MW in terms of installedcapacity from Small, Mini, and Micro Hydel schemes have been assessed. Used form ofrenewable energy.

India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in

terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimsha


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B. Solar Energy Resource

India is bestowed with solar irradiation ranging from 4 to 7 kWh/squaremeter/day across the country, with western and southern regions having

higher solar incidence. India is endowed with rich solar energy resource. India receives the

highest global solar radiation on a horizontal surface.

Government of India launched its Jawaharlal Nehru National SolarMission.

The first Indian solar thermal power project (2X50MW) is in progress inPhalodi Rajasthan.


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D. Geo Thermal Energy

India's geothermal energy installed capacity is experimental.Commercial use is insignificant.

India has about 340 hot springs spread over the country. Of this, 62 aredistributed along the northwest Himalaya, in the States of Jammu andKashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

Andaman and Nicobar arc is the only place in India where volcanicactivity geo-thermal energy is present.


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E. Tidal Energy

India is surrounded by sea on three sides, its potential to harness tidalenergy is significant.

The Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch on India's west coast where the maximum tidal range is 11 m and 8 m with average tidal rangeof 6.77 m and 5.23 m respectively AND 4m is sufficient.

Barrage technology could harvest about 8 GW from tidal energy inIndia, mostly in Gujarat.


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F. Bio Mass Power

In this system biomass, bagasse, forestry and agro residue & agricultural wastes are used as fuel to produce electricity.

In 2011, India started a new initiative with the aim to demonstratemedium size mixed feed biogas-fertilizer pilot plants. This technologyaims for generation, purification/enrichment, bottling and pipeddistribution of biogas.

India has additionally commissioned 158 projects under its Biogas basedDistributed/Grid Power Generation Program, with a total installedcapacity of about 2 MW.

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Six decades after Independence, Indias villages are groping in the dark

literally.

One-third rural areas have no electricity.

Situation is particularly bad in Indias cow belt.

Bihar-25%, Jharkhand-43%, Orissa- 45%, U.P. - 38%.

China on other hand way back in 1991 has 92% electricity in rural areas.

Gujarat and Goa has 100% rural electrification and Himachal 98%.

KEY MESSAGES A sustainable energy future is still feasible and technologies exist that

can take us there Despite the potential of technologies, progress is too slow at the

moment

A clean energy future requires systemic thinking and deployment of a variety of technologies

It even makes financial sense to do it!

Government policy is decisive in unlocking the potential.


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REFERENCES Wikipedia International Energy Agency, Energy Balances Of Non-OECD Countries,2009 Edition

Conceptual survey of Power Scenario In India

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Synopsis AR.docx