Tomas 3 Numeris 2Volume 3 Issue 2

2009

sisteminiai tyrimai

Taikomoji ekonomika:

Applied economics:systematic research

Taikomoji ekonomika:

VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETASKAUNAS

2009

EINA NUO 2007 mETųPUblIShED SINcE 2007

Taikomoji ekonomika:Taikomoji ekonomika:sisteminiai tyrimai

3 / 23 / 2

UDK 33 TA 38

The founder and the publisher of the magazine Vytautas Magnus University

Editorial office Vytautas Magnus University The Faculty of Economics and Management S. Daukanto St. 28, room 313 Kaunas 44246, Lithuania Phone: +370 37 327857; 327856 Fax: +370 37 327857 E-mail: econ@evf.vdu.lt

INTERNET website address: http://www.vdu.lt/Leidiniai/TaikomojiEkonomika

Žurnalas referuojamas: • InformacijosirmokymobendrovėsProQuestduomenųbazėsehttp://www.proquest.com • EBSCOPublishing,Inc.duomenųbazėjeBusinessSourceCompletehttp://www.epnet.com

The Journal is reviewed in: • Databasesof InformationandLearningLimitedProQuesthttp://www.proquest.com • EBSCOPublishing,Inc.BusinessSourceCompletedatabasehttp://www.epnet.com

© Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2009ISSN1822-7996

Scientific Editor Habil. dr., prof. Pranas Žukauskas, Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania)

Editorial Board Dr.,prof.RolfJensBrunstad,NHH,NorwegianSchoolofEconomicsandBusiness(Norway) Habildr.,prof.VladimirBusov,MoscowStateUniversityofManagement(Russia) Habil dr., prof. Jonas Čepinskis, Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania) Habil dr., prof. Remigijus Čiegis, Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania) PhD,prof.JoaoRicardoFaria,NottinghamTrentUniversity(UnitedKingdom) Dr.,prof.KristinaLevišauskaitė,VytautasMagnusUniversity(Lithuania) Habil dr., prof. Zigmas Lydeka, Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania) PhD, prof. Anders Lunander, Örebro University (Sweden) Dr.,prof.GiovanniPegoretti,UniversityofTrento(Italy) Dr.,prof.RajeshK.Pillania,ManagementDevelopementInstitute(MDI)(India) Dr.,prof.VioletaPukelienė,VytautasMagnusUniversity(Lithuania) Habildr.,prof.ArdakSakhanova,TheKazakhAbaiNationalPedagogicUniversity(Kazakhstan) PhD,prof.PasqualeM.Sgro,DeakinUniversity(Australia) Dr., prof. Vytautas Snieška, Kaunas Technological University (Lithuania) Dr., prof. Mart Sõrg , University of Tartu (Estonia) Habil dr., prof. Povilas Zakarevičius, Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania) Dr., prof. Elvyra Zelgalve, University of Latvia (Latvia) PhD,prof.AmaliaMoralesZumaquero,UniversityofMalaga(Spain)

Managing Editor Dr.,assoc.prof.BoleslovasDrilingas

Every paper is revised by two reviewers

6

Turinys

TARPTAUTINĖ EKONOMIKA IR PREKYBA, PEREINAMOSIOS EKONOMIKOS

Takis DAMASKOPOULOSGLOBLIZACIJA:DISLOKACIJAERDVĖJE IRDINAMINIŲKLASTERIŲKŪRIMASIS ..13

Jonė ŠAKALYTĖTINKLAI EUROPOSVERTYBINIŲ POPIERIŲ BIRŽŲ SEKTORIUJE: RYŠIAI,STRUKTŪRA IRKOMPLEKSIŠKUMAS ............................................................................... 31

Eva M. TOMORYIŠORINĖS PARAMOSNAUDOJIMAS: ENTREPRENERIŠKAS POŽIŪRIS ...................... 41

DARBO IR DEMOGRAFIJOS EKONOMIKA

Violeta PUKELIENĖ, Viktorija STARKAUSKIENĖGYVENIMOKOKYBĖS SAMPRATA, JOSMATAVIMAS IR IŠŠŪKIAI ............................ 51

FINANSAI IR FINANSŲ EKONOMIKA

Eva LIEPIŅAFARMACIJOSGAMINIŲKAINŲNUSTATYMAS IRKOMPENSAVIMAS LATVIJOJEBEI KITOSE EUROPOS ŠALYSE ............................................................................................ 67

Siuzana ŠČERBINA - DALIBAGIENĖ, Kristina LEVIŠAUSKAITĖKORPORATYVINIOVALDYMO SAMPRATA EUROPOS SĄJUNGOJE ........................... 81

Sotiris THEODOROPOULOS ADMINISTRAVIMONAŠTOSMAŽINIMASEUROPOSEKONOMINĖJEAPLINKOJE ...93

MONETARINĖ EKONOMIKA IR BANKININKYSTĖ

Vytautas VALVONISKREDITO STRATEGIJOSREIKŠMĖBANKOVEIKLOJE .................................................. 105

Elvīra ZELGALVE, Inna ROMĀNOVAKREDITO RIZIKOS VERTINIMAS BESIKEIčIANčIOJE EKONOMINĖJESITUACIJOJE .................................................................................................................117

APLINKOS IR IŠTEKLIŲ EKONOMIKA

Antanas BURAČAS, Algis ŽVIRBLISPLĖTROS PRIORITETŲDAUGIAKRITERIO PAGRINDIMOPRINCIPAI .................... 129

Remigijus ČIEGIS, Jolita RAMANAUSKIENĖDARNUSVYSTYMASIS IR JOVERTINIMAS ................................................................... 143

Silvia RUIZ BLANCO, Belén FERNÁNDEZ-FEIJÓO SOUTOTVARIOS PLĖTROSATSKAITOMYBĖ IR PATEIKIAMOS INFORMACIJOSPATIKIMUMOUŽTIKRINIMAS: ESAMA SITUACIJA IRATEITIESTENDENCIJOS ....155

7

Content

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND TRADE, TRANSITION ECONOMIES

Takis DAMASKOPOULOSMETA-GLOBALIZATION: SPATIALDISLOCATIONSANDDYNAMICCLUSTERING ..13

Jonė ŠAKALYTĖEUROPEAN STOCKExCHANGENETwORKS: CONNECTIONS, STRUCTUREANDCOMPLExITY .......................................................................................................................... 31

Eva M. TOMORYUSEOF ExTERNALASSISTANCE: AN ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSPECTIVE .............. 41

LABOR AND DEMOGRAPhIC ECONOMICS

Violeta PUKELIENĖ, Viktorija STARKAUSKIENĖQUALITYOF LIFECONCEPTS,MEASUREMENTANDCHALLENGES ....................... 51

FINANCE AND FINANCIAL ECONOMICS

Eva LIEPIŅAPRICINGANDREIMBURSEMENTOF PHARMACEUTICALS IN LATVIAANDEUROPEANCOUNTRIES ....................................................................................................... 67

Siuzana ŠČERBINA-DALIBAGIENĖ, Kristina LEVIŠAUSKAITĖTHECONCEPTIONOFCORPORATEGOVERNANCE INTHEEUROPEANUNION ..81

Sotiris THEODOROPOULOS REDUCINGADMINISTRATIVE BURDENASA PRIORITY IN THE EUROPEANECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 93

MONETARY ECONOMICS AND BANKING

Vytautas VALVONISIMPORTANCEOFCREDIT STRATEGY FORBANKS ...................................................... 105

Elvīra ZELGALVE, Inna ROMĀNOVABORROwERSCREDITRISKASSESSMENT INCHANGINGECONOMICSITUATION .117

ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS

Antanas BURAČAS, Algis ŽVIRBLISTHE PRINCIPLESOFMULTICRITERIAL REASONINGOF THEDEVELOPMENTPRIORITIES ............................................................................................................................ 129

Remigijus ČIEGIS, Jolita RAMANAUSKIENĖSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTAND ITSASSESSMENT .............................................. 143

Silvia RUIZ BLANCO, Belén FERNÁNDEZ-FEIJÓO SOUTOSUSTAINABILITYREPORTINGANDASSURANCE:CURRENT SITUATIONANDFUTURETRENDS .................................................................................................................. 155

8

Redaktoriaus žodis

Brangusskaitytojau!

VienasišVytautoDidžiojouniversitetoEkonomikosirvadybosfakultetoleidžiamųžurnalų“Taikomojiekonomika:sisteminiaityrimai”irtoliaupopuliarėja,visdaugiaustraipsniųran-kraščiųsulaukiamenetikišLietuvos,betiružsienioautorių.

Žurnalas yra užregistruotasEBSCOBusiness SourceComplete duomenųbazėje, todėlleidinioturinysyraprieinamasšiosduomenųbazėsvartotojamsvisamepasaulyje.Taigaran-tuojadidesnęžurnalepublikuojamųmoksliniųtyrimųrezultatųsklaidą.

Šisžurnalonumerisypatingas tuo, jogyra skirtasatrinktiems2009m.Rugsėjomėn.Kaune vykusios 10osios tarptautinėsmokslinės konferencijos „Vadybos horizontai besi-keičiančiojeekonominėjeaplinkoje:vizijosiriššūkiai“straipsniamsspausdinti.Šiąkonfe-rencijąorganizavoEuroposVadybosAsociacija,BaltijosvadybosfondasbeiEkonomikosir vadybos fakultetas (daugiau informacijos galite rasti: http://www.vdu.lt/konferencijos/management-horizons).Konferencijosmetusavotyrimųrezultatuspristatėdaugiaunei100dalyviųiš20šalių,atstovaujančiųnettrisžemynus–Europą,AmerikąbeiAziją.

Šionumeriostraipsniuoseanalizuojamosįvairiosproblemos.Pvz.:

SilviaRuizBlancoirBelénFernández-FeijóoSouto(Ispanija)straipsnyjeanalizuojamosfinansinės atskaitomybės pateikimo schemos bei ataskaitose pateikiamos informacijospatikimumoužtikrinimasbendrovių socialinėsatsakomybės srityje.Šiosanalizėsmetudidelisdėmesysskiriamasfinansinėsatskaitomybėsbeiauditoprocedūroms.TakisDamaskopoulos(Prancūzija)analizuojapokyčiųerdvinėjebeisektorinėjeekono-miniųveiklųstruktūrojeprigimtįatskiruoseEuroposSąjungosregionuosebeivertinaga-limybestaipritaikytiregioninėjeinovacijųpolitikoje.JonėsŠakalytės(Lietuva)straipsnisskirtastinklųEuroposvertybiniųpopieriųbiržųsek-toriujeanalizei.Darbetiriamahorizontaliųnuosavybėsirtechnologiniųtinklųstruktūra.Tyrimasatliekamaspritaikantsocialiniųtinklųtyrimųmetodusirrodiklius.SiuzanaŠčerbina–DalibagienėirKristinaLevišauskaitė(Lietuva)atskleidžiakaipvalsty-biųnariųkorporatyviniovaldymosistemųskirtumaiįtakojaEuroposSąjungoskorporaty-viniovaldymoturinįirsampratą,analizuojakorporatyviniovaldymopolitikosbeiturinioraidąEuroposSąjungoje.VioletosPukelienėsirViktorijosStarkauskienės(Lietuva)straipsnyjeanalizuojamadau-gialypėgyvenimokokybėssampratairjosraida,sisteminamipagrindiniaigyvenimoko-kybėsindeksai,išryškinamosesminėsproblemosgyvenimokokybėsmatavimeirpatei-kiamos rekomendacijos.SotirisTheodoropoulos(Graikija)analizuojaadministravimonaštossvarbąEuroposeko-nominėjeaplinkojebeipristatoegzistuojančiųmatavimoįrankiųpritaikymogalimybesšiojesrityje.Taippatpateikiastrategijas,kaipsumažintivaldymomechanizmųkomplek-siškumąbeinereikalingąbiurokratiją.Eva M. Tomory (Kanada) straipsnyje vertinamas smulkaus verslo vaidmuo Kanados moks-

REDAKTORIAUS ŽODIS

9

liniųtyrimųbeieksperimentinėsplėtrosmokestiniųlengvatųprogramojebeikonsultaci-niųpaslaugųnaudojimasruošiantparaiškas.Palyginamosiosduomenųanalizėspagalbayraaiškinamasi,armažomsįmonėmsekonomiškaiapsimokasamdytikonsultantus.ElvīraZelgalveirInnaRomānova(Latvija)analizuojasmulkiųirvidutiniųįmoniųkreditorizikosvertinimoproblemąbeipateikiapasiūlymusjaispręsti.Autorėsanalizuojabankovidinėsreitingavimosistemospritaikymogalimybeskreditorizikaivertinti.AntanoBuračoirAlgioŽvirblio(Lietuva)straipsnyjeišskiriamosstadijosformuojantša-lies ekonomikosplėtros strategijas ir taikant autoriųvystomądaugiakriterio vertinimometodiką.Suformuotidaugiatikslėsanalizėsbeidaugiakriteriovertinimometodųtaiky-moprincipaiužtikrina,tvariosplėtrosstrategijųveiksmingumą,atsižvelgiant į ištekliusbeikonkurenciniusgebėjimus,jųpanaudojimąprioritetinėmiskryptimis.Remigijusčiegis ir Jolita Ramanauskienė (Lietuva) nagrinėja darnaus vystymosi kon-cepciją ir jo vertinimogalimybes.Darnausvystimosikoncepcija ir jos atskirųmatme-nųįvertinimasatliekamasremiantisaplinkosekonomikosirdarnausvystymosivaldymoprincipųpožiūriu.EvaLiepiņa(Latvija)straipsnyjeanalizuojamimetodai,taikomifarmacijosgaminiųkai-nomsreguliuoti,irišlaidųkompensavimosistemųvystymasisLatvijojebeikitoseEuroposšalyse.Vytautas Valvonis (Lietuva) atskleidžia kredito strategijos dokumento reikšmę banko vei-kloje,pateikiasiūlymusšiodokumentoturiniui,tiksluiirfunkcijoms.Siekiantšiotikslostraipsnyjeanalizuojamirizikoskontrolėsirvaldymobeiverslopadaliniųbendradarbia-vimo banke ypatumai.

Noriupasveikintivisusšionumerioautorius!

JeiguJūsturitepastabųarbaJumskiloklausimų,mielaikviečiamemumsparašytiadresu:econ@evf.vdu.lt.

Prof. Pranas Žukauskas Redaktorius

REDAKTORIAUS ŽODIS

10 EDITOR‘S ADDRESS

Editor‘s Address

Dear reader,

Ourjournal“AppliedEconomics:SystematicResearch”thatisthesecondjournalfromthejournals’ family issued by the Faculty of Economics and Management at Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania becomes more famous, applications for publishing are coming from academicians of Lithuania and other countries.

Journal has been registered into theEBSCOBusiness SourceCompleteDatabase.ThecontentofthePublicationsisavailableforEBSCOusersintheentireworld.Thatguarantywider spread of research results and new knowledge that are published in the issues.

Currentissueisveryspecial.Itisintendedforthepublishingofselectedpaperspresen-ted during the 10th InternationalConference„ManagementHorizonsinChangingEcono-micEnvironment:VisionsandChallenges“ thatwasorganizedbyEuropeanManagementAssociation,BalticManagementFoundationandFacultyofEconomicsandManagementofVytautas Magnus University in Kaunas (Lithuania) in September 2009 (For more informa-tion please visit http://www.vdu.lt/konferencijos/management-horizons). More than 100 participantsrepresentingmorethan20countriesfrom3continents–Europe,AmericaandAsia–tookpartintheevent.

The papers in the issue cover various topics. For instance:

SilviaRuizBlancoandBelénFernández-FeijóoSouto(Spain)exploreintheirpaperthecurrent situation of reporting schemes and assurance initiatives for the field of corporate socialresponsibility(CSR),consideringfinancialaccountingandauditingproceduresasprocedures to be considered. Takis Damaskopoulos (France) examines the nature of changes in the spatial and sectoral structure of economic activity in different regions of the EU and assesses their implicati-ons for regional innovation policy.JonėŠakalytė(Lithuania)focusesonthenetworksinEuropeanstockexchangeindustry:connections between exchanges and complexity. The study aims to assess structure of ho-rizontal ownership and technology networks in the industry by applying social network research methods and indicators. SiuzanaŠčerbina–DalibagienėandKristinaLevišauskaitė(Lithuania)analyzethecausesof the differences in the corporate governance systems of European Union Member States and reveals the influence of these differences for the current corporate governance content and conception in the European Union. VioletaPukelienėandViktorijaStarkauskienė(Lithuania)analyzethemultidimensionalQualityofLifeconceptintheirpaper.ThemainproblemsofmeasurementofQualityofLife,arisingintheapplicationofandvariousindexesofQOL,arerevealed.Sotiris Theodoropoulos (Greece) analyzes the importance of regulatory or administrative burden in the European economic environment and presents the application of the mea-surement tools already developed, and outlines the simplification strategies designed to reduce the burdensome regulatory complexity, unnecessary bureaucracy and paperwork.

11EDITOR‘S ADDRESS

EvaM.Tomory(Canada)discussesentrepreneurialparticipationintheCanadianScien-tificResearchandExperimentalDevelopmentTaxIncentiveProgramandtheuseofcon-sultantsinpreparingaclaim.withthehelpofcomparativedataanalysisitwillbeevalua-ted whether hiring consultants can be economical for small companies. ElvīraZelgalveandInnaRomānova(Latvia) identify theproblemsofcreditriskasses-sment of small and medium enterprises and offer possible solutions. The paper provides the solutions of the methodological problems of the development of bank internal rating system for credit risk assessment.AntanasBuračasandAlgisŽvirblis(Lithuania)revealethestagesusedintheformationofthe strategies of the economic system development and generalize in the context of propo-sed multicriterial methods of evaluation. The principles of the adapted multitask analysis and multicriterial evaluation methods preserve the efficiency of strategies and projection of sustainable economic development with account of resources and competetiveness.RemigijusčiegisandJolitaRamanauskienė(Lithuania)evaluatethesustainabledevelo-pment concept and possibilities for assessment of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development and assessment of it and its dimensions are reviewed from the viewpoint of principles of environmental economics and sustainable development.Eva Liepiņa (Latvia) presents comparative analysis of pharmaceutical price regulation methods in European countries in terms of the anticipated impact of regulation on phar-maceutical expenditures.Vytautas Valvonis (Lithuania) analyzes credit strategy document functions in a bank and gives proposals on its contents and goals, also reveals its importance. To achieve this goal cooperation between business and risk control / management units is being analyzed.

I congratulate all authors of this issue of the journal.

Ifyouhaveanycommentsaboutthejournal,pleasegetintouchatecon@evf.vdu.lt.

Prof. Pranas Žukauskas Editor

Landraces in Turkey. – PhD diss., University of California,Davis.

StatistinėsinformacijosbeiinternetiniaišaltiniaiStatistical Office of Lithuania. (1997). Statistical Yearbook ofLithuania.–Vilnius:Lithuania.Statistics South Africa. (1996). South African Population Census. Internet access: http://www.statssa.gov.za/census96/. [PrieigaperInternetą20060416].U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Statistics of FormerUSSRRepublicsandBalticStates.Internetaccess:http://www.ers.udsa.gov/data/sdp/view.asp?f=international/93009/. [PrieigaperInternetą20010516].

Lentelės. Kiekvienalentelėturiturėtipavadinimąbeieilėsnumerį. Lentelės turi būti aiškios, suprantamos ir kuoįmanomapaprastesnės.

Išnašos. Prašomeautoriųišnašųnaudotikuomažiauarbaišvisojųatsisakyti.

Paveikslai. Kiekvienas paveikslas turi turėti pavadinimąbei eilės numerį. Raidės, skaičiai bei simboliai turi būti

aiškūsbeipakankamaidideli.Visipaveikslaipriimamitiknespalvoti, t.y. juodai-balti, šiais formatais: tif, jpeg, gif, cdr, bmp, eps, doc, rtf ir xls.

Straipsnių vertinimas. Straipsnių tinkamumą vertinaredakcinės kolegijos nariai. Tinkamais pripažinti straip-sniai yra recenzuojami dviejų ekspertų. Remdamasisekspertų išvadomis, vyriausiasis redaktorius straipsnįrekomenduoja priimti, atmesti ar grąžinti pataisyti.Prašymas pataisyti negarantuoja, jog pataisytas straipsnis bus iš karto priimtas spausdinimui.

Straipsnių rankraščiai turėtųbūti siunčiami elektroniniopašto adresu:

econ@evf.vdu.lt arba paštu:

Mokslo žurnalas:„Taikomoji ekonomika: sisteminiai tyrimai“VYTAUTODIDŽIOJOUNIVERSITETAS

Ekonomikos ir vadybos fakultetasS.Daukantog.28–312,KaunasLT44246

REQUIREMENTS FOR ThE PAPERS

“Applied Economics: Systematic Research” is a scientific journal covering systematic research as well as reviews of important scientific works and events in economics, finance, econometrics, and statistics. ThejournalisbeingreviewedinsuchdatabasesasEBSCO(BusinessSourceComplete)andProQuest.

Pleasereadandfollowtheseinstructionscarefully;doingsowillensurethatthepublicationofyourmanuscriptisasrapidandefficientaspossible.ThePublisherreservestherighttorejectorreturnmanuscriptsthatarenotpreparedinaccordancewiththeseinstructions.

Manuscript Requirements

Worksubmittedforpublicationmustbeoriginal,previouslyunpublished,andnotunderconsiderationforpublicationelsewhere.

Articlesshouldbenomorethan10–15pagesinlength (A4 size pages). The paper should be prepared using the text preparation system Microsoft Word (Microsoft forWindows) and the TimesNewRoman font (12pt, single). Incasethepaperexceedsthenormallength,theEditors’consent for its publication is needed.

Pre-acceptance English language editingAuthors for whom English is a second language may choose to have their manuscript professionally edited be-fore submission or during the review process.English-language editing will:• Improvegrammar,spelling,andpunctuation• Improveclarityand resolveanyambiguitycausedby

poor phrasing • Improveword-choiceandensurethatthetoneofthelanguage is appropriate for an academic journal.

Requirements for structureArticles submitted for publication in Journal should in-clude the research aim and tasks, with detailed methodol-ogy, presenting literature overview on the research object, substantiation of the achieved results and findings, con-clusions and a list of references. Manuscripts should be ar-ranged in the following order of presentation.First page: • Title (nomore that10words),autobiographicalnote(the author's full name, scientific degree, academic affilia-

tion, address, telephone, fax and e-mail address). Respec-tive affiliations and addresses of co-authors should be clearly indicated.• A self-contained annotation in English of up to 250print characters, describing the research. • Uptofivekeywords,whichencapsulatetheprincipalsubjects covered by the article;• JELclassification,indexingallkeywordsaccordingtothe JEL classification (please, refer to http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html).Subsequent pages: Introductionwitha researchobject, target andmethodsindicated; main body of the text with headings; conclu-sions, a list of references. Last page:A self-contained abstract/summary/resume in English of no less than 3000 print characters, describing the re-search.

References:Documentation should be presented in author-date style, with all cited references collected in an alphabetical list titled “References.” This list should start a new page in the manuscript file. Every work cited in the text, notes, appen-dixes, tables, and figures must appear in the References. For two or more publications by the same author(s) in the same year, list them alphabetically by title and use 2003a, 2003b.Intext,forthreeauthors,writeoutall the names the first time cited, and for citations thereafter use the first author’s last name with “et al.” For four or more authors, use the first author’s name and “et al.” every time.Citereferencesintextbylastnameofauthorandyear,usuallyinparentheses(e.g.,Johnson,1996,1998;Yang,1997a,1997b;OECD,2001;Knowles,Garces-Ozanne,2003).Ifthenameofthe author cited is part of the text, only the date should appear in parentheses: “P. Johnson (1996) emphasizes this in his study; otherviewsarealsoexpressedbyA.Becker(1991),D.Clelandetal.(1998),andw.H.KnightandP.B.Song(1999).”

Examplesoftheproperformatareasfollows:JournalsLynne, G. D. (1999). Divided Self-Models of the Socioeco-nomic Person: The Metaeconomics Approach // Journal of Socioeconomic.Vol.28,No.3.BooksBecker,G.S.(1991).ATreatiseontheFamily.2nded.–Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Essay in edited collectionCleland, J., Kaufmann, G. (1998). Education, Fertility, andChild Survival:Unravelling the Links / InTheMethods andUsesofAnthropologicalDemography, ed.A.M.BasuandP.Aaby.–Oxford:Clarendon.

PaperpresentedataconferenceBai,N.(2001).MarchForwardtotheCityorReturnBacktotheCountry:AStudyoftheReturnedRuralLaborers.–Paperpre-sentedatthe2001LaborFlowConference,Beijing,July4-6.

Working papersJohnson, D. G. (1999). Agricultural Adjustment in China:ProblemsandProspects.–workingpaper,UniversityofChi-cago, Department of Economics.

DissertationMeng,E.C.H. (1997).LandAllocationDecisionsand InSituConservation of Crop Genetic Resources:The Case ofwheatLandracesinTurkey.–PhDdiss.,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis.

Statistical data sources and internet sourcesStatisticalOfficeofLithuania. (1997). StatisticalYearbookofLithuania.–Vilnius:Lithuania.StatisticsSouthAfrica.SouthAfricanPopulationCensus1996.Internetaccess:http://www.statssa.gov.za/census96/. [Accessed April 16, 2006]. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Statistics of Former USSR Republics and Baltic States, 1996. In-ternet access: http://www.ers.udsa.gov/data/sdp/view.asp?f=international/93009/. [Accessed May 16, 2001].

Tables. Each table should be numbered consecutively, with a descriptive title and cited in numerical order in the text. Each column must have a heading describing the data in the column below. Footnotes and accompanying explana-tory material should be kept to a minimum. Prepare tables in a consistent manner and as simply as possible. Figures. Figures should be numbered in the order mentioned in the text. Letters, numbers, and symbols should be clear and of sufficient size to be legible in the event figures must be re-duced.Itispossibleyoumaybeaskedtorevisefiguresaspartof your manuscript revision. The pictures and figures should be prepared in black and white colors. They are accepted only in: tif, jpeg, gif, cdr, bmp, eps, doc, rtf ir xls formats.PoliciesEvaluation of manuscripts. Manuscripts will be consid-ered for appropriateness to the Journal by the Editorial Board.Thosemanuscriptsconsideredappropriatewillbesent to outside experts for review; those not appropriate will be declined outright. The manuscripts are evaluated by Scientific Editor, who recommends either accept, re-ject, or return the manuscript to the authors for revision. Arequestforrevisiondoesnotguaranteethearticlewillbe accepted for publication.Offprints. Each author will receive 1 complimentary copy of the issue in which the manuscript appears. Authors must pay for any additional copies they wish to order.Notice of acceptance. The corresponding author for a manuscript accepted for publication will receive a formal letter of acceptance and production schedules.

The manuscripts could be send by e-mail: econ@evf.vdu.lt

or by Post:Scientific journal:

“Applied economics: systematic research”VYTAUTASMAGNUSUNIVERSITYFaculty of Economics and Management

S.Daukantost.28–312,KaunasLT44246Lithuania

Subscription information

“Applied Economics: Systematic Research” is a semiannual journal.

Rates per year (2 issues) including postage expenses for foreign subscribers:-Institutions–150EUR-Individuals–100EUR

Rates per year (2 issues) including postage expenses for subscribers in Lithuania:

-Institutions–200LIT-Individuals–160LIT

Forsubscription,please,contactthePublishingOffice:

Postal address:

Mr. Jonas JaučkojisChiefManagerofthePublishingOffice

S. Daukanto str. 27, Kaunas LT-44249, Lithuania

Phone: +370 37 327886E-mail: info@leidykla.vdu.lt

TAIKOMOJIEKONOMIKA:SISTEMINIAITYRIMAI

APPLIEDECONOMICS:SYSTEMATICRESEARCH

2009m.Tomas3Nr.2/Volume3Issue2

SpaudaiparuošėAstaGAIGALIENĖMaketavoRasaŠVOBAITĖ

Pasirašyta spausdinti 2009 09 11. Tiražas 150 egz. 13,2 spaudos lanko. UžsakymoNr.108

IšleidoirspausdinoVytautoDidžiojouniversitetoleidykla,S.Daukantog.27,LT-44249Kaunas.SL1557Redakcijos adresas: S. Daukanto g. 28, 312 k., LT-44246 Kaunas. Tel. 32 78 57

Sutartinėkaina