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Lecture no. 1
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Marilyn Jane
Telemedicine A guide to assessing
Telecommunications in healthcare James Moore
Biomedical Technology and Devices ISBN:0-8493-1140-3
Anthony Charles Norris, john willley andsons
Essential of telemedicine and Telecare
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A bit of history The digital imagining and communications
in Medicine (DICOM) was established in 1992.
Is the standard for image exchange in digital
format.
Always a bit complicated to understand sinceit uses its own
idioms
Is always under improvement in order tointegrate new digital
imagining techniques
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DICOM is based in the ACR-NEMA standard (first published
in 1985). ACR (American college of radiology) and NEMA(National
Electrical Manufacturers Association) are
therefore the creators of DICOM.
DICOM consists nowadays in 11 different sections that
contains information about the protocol and DICOMs
formats as well as the conformity specification. Plus
thismodules that are less relevant:
Physic Media
Gray Scales checking
Security Profiles Mapping of content.
Final Presentation
We can then see that DICOMS history begins in the 80s.
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The standard makers were used to feel big confidence
while giving data interchange and communicationsupport because
they pushed the clients to buyequipment of the same company.
Imagine that you wanted to exchange a picture from aTAC
(Tomography computerized equipment) withanother user that was using
a radiotherapy planificationsystem.
Then you might have rewritten all the software code inthe
planification system so it would be aloud to readthe picture.
The same would happened if you wanted to update
the TAC system with the picture from the
planificationsystem.
DICOM was created to solve these problems ofcompatibility.
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Images without request
Request without images
Images without old images Images not on reading work list or
station
Radiologists wont read or read slowly Images in wrong order or
upside down
Images with wrong contrast.
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DICOM uses an specific language andconcepts which are commonly
used inObject Oriented software engineering.
Anyway there are many sections inDICOM which are not used
often.
For example ACR-NEMA defines images ,while DICOM defines the
objects that
include this images and it always refers tothem for printing,
saving, moving orsearching.
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The objects in DICOM are denominatedas information objects while
the
operations and services are servicesclasses that are generalized
definitions.
Any use of a class is called instance soif we want for example a
CT-Store of aparticular patient
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SEND
PRINT
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MAGN
ETOM
Information Management System
Storage, Query/Retrieve,Study Component
Query/RetrieveResults Management
Print Management
Media Exchange
LiteBox
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The rectangular boxes represents theentities in a single way. If
they are used incombination then they representinformation objects.
The diamonds arerelations. The lines should be
quiteunderstandable.
IOD information Object Definition
VOI value of interest LUT list of consulting
Mod modality
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