Yves BROSSEAUDIngénieur ENSAIS – directeur de recherche au LCPC

Michèle SAINT JACQUESProfesseur – directeur Département de génie de la construction – ETS

Canada

Christine LEROY Ingénieur Ville de Paris

Infra 2007 – Laval 5-7 novembre 2007

Les matériaux bitumineux tièdes arrivent en ville : Les matériaux bitumineux tièdes arrivent en ville : premières applications d’asphaltes et enrobés tièdes en premières applications d’asphaltes et enrobés tièdes en

ville de Paris. ville de Paris.

ESG-10 at 160°CESG-10 at 160°C ESG-10 at 130°CESG-10 at 130°C

2Y.B.

Warm Mix Asphalt in the capital of Warm Mix Asphalt in the capital of Paris Paris

3Y.B.

Some data from Paris:

- 1601 km length of ways- 13 500 000 m² of roadways & 1 380 000 m² for BP- 10 000 000 m² of side walks & 300 000 m² for BP- 2 125 000 inhabitants

- 9 420 km of cables for electricity - 2 040 km of conduits of gas - 2 700 km of various drains: drainage,air-conditioning,

district heating...

- 12 000 openings of excavations per annum

4Y.B.

Surface layers : actual Surface layers : actual overviewoverview

C ONC RETE

5,5%

OTHERS

3,1%

MOSAIC

PAVEMENT

10 x 10 x 10 cm

13,8%PAVING STONES

14 x 20 X 14 cm

4,5%

BITUMINOUS

SURFACE

LAYERS

73.1%

5Y.B.

Surface layers : actual Surface layers : actual overviewoverview

Mastic Asphalt 250°C – 482°F

Hot Mix Asphalt 150°C – 300°FMastic Asphalt 200°C – 380°F

Warm Mix Asphalt <120°C – 240°F

6Y.B.

The Parisian inhabitants are more and more worried about bitumen fume for their own health and the workers’ too.

7Y.B.

Terminology WMA

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Cold asphalt

Énergie de chauffage (K

g/T)

°C

Kg/T

Warm asphalt

Hot mix

asphalt

HEATING

VAPORIzATION

DRYING

Semi-warm

asphalt

Latent heat vaporization of water :

537 kcal/kg

250°C

Mast

ic a

sph

alt

8Y.B.

Hot coating phase Hot coating phase (reminder)(reminder)

Aggregate-bitumen interface conditions (decreasing of tension surface) to get a durable and efficiency coating by using effect temperature.

Aggregates : dried and heating at > 160°C

Bitumen : sufficient fluidity Coating viscosity < 150 cSt Temperatures > 120 at 170°C (depending nature of

bitumen)

9Y.B.

What’s look for WMA?What’s look for WMA?

Advantages: Reduction of energy consumption Less pollution, concerning

People (workers, users, bordering the road) Environment conditions

Decreasing of bitumen ageing during production Less wear on mixing plant

WITH the same performances as hot mixes Continue coating, final properties just after placement

10Y.B.

WMA principles WMA principles (1)(1)

Coating in another way to get:

totally and uniformity coating

binder without fluxing or expectorant agents of fossil

origin

nominal and final properties after placement

reducing the production and compaction

temperature

control the binder viscosity during whole placement

duration

11Y.B.

Spray and disperse the bitumen around all the aggregates:

1) Effect of plasticizing the bitumen by additives, stable at

raodway service temperatures,

2) Combination effect of “soup”, foaming, emulsion

by a good control of the water coating phase, and preserving this effect during placement

3) Effect of “double coating”

4) Effect of “lubrication” with lower viscosity, due to additive

Effect of the specific properties of binders, like synthesis binders of vegetable origin, or by re-heating cold mixing in special drum.

WMA principles WMA principles (2)(2)

15Y.B.

Gravel totally coating by bitumen.Thick bitumen film around grain

PHASE 2

Humidity sand create an expansion of bitumen

around gravels

PHASE 3

expansion make the coating - increasing temperature of sand

easier

100°C

PHASE 4

Good thermal equilibrium : between mineral skeleton,

residual water and bitumen, to keep a sufficient workability.

60°C

PHASE 5

Hot bitumen + adhesion agent

Aggregates dry and hot

120°/150°C 170°CPHASE 1

EBE ®® (enrobés basse énergie) - principle

One example

19Y.B.

Technique Name Company Principle of manufacture

Addition in mixer ASPHA-MIN EUROVIA Hot skeleton (130°C) + zeolites + bitumen

Special bitumen 3E – LTECOFLEX

COLAS GroupSCREG

Hot skeleton (130°C) + special bitumen (ready to use)

Special binder VEGECOL COLAS Group Hot skeleton (130°C) + synthesis binder of origin plant

Double coating 3E - DM COLAS Group Hot skeleton (130°C) + soft bitumen + foamed bitumen

Sequential coating 3E - DB COLAS Group Hot skeleton (130°C) + soft bitumen + hard bitumen

Sequential coating EBB (LEA) – mixes low energy

FAIRCO Hot fine gravels (150°C) n+ bitumen + wet sand (20°C)

Sequential coating EBT (LEA) – mixes low temperature

EIFFAGE TP Partially heated skeleton (95°C)+ bitumen orHot fine gravels (150°C) + bitumen + wet sand (20°C)

20Y.B.

1st test in 1993 : Rue St Maur – Paris 10ème SMAC ACIEROID

Mastic Asphalt 0/10 for road ways laying with a finisher at 210°C – 400°F

First improvements for mastic asphalt.

21Y.B.

First improvements for mastic asphalt.

Other tests were realized with almost of Parisian mastic asphalt laying contractors:

Rue de Panama – SPAPA (ASTEN) 1994Rue de Javel – SMAC ACIEROID 1995Rue Léon – SPAPA (ASTEN) 1994 Rue de Suez – SPAPA (ASTEN) 1994Rue Bellot - EUROVIA 2002

Mastic Asphalt 0/10 for road ways laying with a finisher at 200°C or 180°C – 380°F or 350°F

22Y.B.

SMAC ACIEROID has a new patented process

« NEOPHALTE LOW TEMPERATURE »®

Work site in 2004 – Rue de Courty – Paris 7ème

Laying temperature : 150 °C – 300 °F

23Y.B.

Today - Rue de Courty

24Y.B.

Since 2004, Paris City Municipality Roads Department decided to test each new process suggested by HMA laying contractors :

• new supplies voted for “innovation”

• technical studies of WMA proposed by contractors

• choice of work sites

• realization of test strips

• following up by the Municipal Laboratory for testing materials …

25Y.B.

Since 2004, Paris City Municipality Roads Department decided

to test each new process suggested by HMA laying contractors :

• ASPHAMIN – EUROVIA in 2004, July – Bd Fort de Vaux (BBM 0/10)

• EBE – FAIRCO in 2006, March – Rue du Fbg Montmartre (BBM 0/10)

• COL-3E – COLAS in 2006, April – Rue de Lyon (busway BBM 0/10), Route de la Ferme (Coloured layer BBM 0/10),

Rue des Ardennes (BBTM 0/6)

• EBT – APPIA in 2006, June – Rue Cortambert (BBM 0/10)

• ECOFLEX – SCREG in 2006, May – Rue Chalgrin (BBM 0/10)

• ECOLASTIC – SCREG in 2007, February – Rue Franco-Russe (BBM 0/10)

…

26Y.B.

In 2004, July 1st test realized with WMA from Eurovia .

Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) «  RUGOVIA » laying by night at 115°C- 230°F

Bd Fort-de-Vaux – Paris 17ème EJL Paris Agency

27Y.B.

28Y.B.Today – Bd Fort de Vaux

29Y.B.

In 2006 (March), a test realized with WMA from Fairco and Linea BTP .

Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) «  EBE 0/10 » laying by night at 75°C- 167°F

Rue du Faubourg Montmartre – Paris 9ème – Fairco/Linea BTP

30Y.B.

Rue Franco-Russe – Paris 7ème Screg IDFN Agency

Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) «  ECOLASTIC » laying at 120°C- 248°F

31Y.B.

32Y.B.

In 2006 (april) test realized with WMA from COLAS .

Very Thin asphalt concrete (BBTM 0/6) «  COL-3E » laying at 120°C- 248°F

Rue des Ardennes – Paris 19ème Colas Paris Bonneuil Agency

33Y.B.Today – Rue des Ardennes

34Y.B.

Rue de Lyon – Paris 12ème (Busway)Colas Paris Bonneuil Agency

Thin asphalt concrete (BBM 0/10) «  COL-3E » laying at 120°C- 248°F

35Y.B.

Sustainable development is becoming a political aim

36Y.B.

Situation today: evolutions and Situation today: evolutions and applications of WMA developed in applications of WMA developed in

FranceFrance

Studies and researches : 2000 – 2003

Experimentations : 2002 – 2005

Industrialization : 2004 - 2006

Applications (many job sites) Zéolithe : 180 000 t (France 75%, Germany, Canada, US) -

2004 EBT : 5 à 6 000 t - 2005 EBE : 15 000 t (France, expérimentations USA) - 2005 3E _ ECOFLEX : 10 000 t - 2005 Ecomac : some experimentations Wam Foam : some experimentations (italy) Végécol : some experimentations

37Y.B.

The preservation of road infrastructures with tacking into account the environmental requirements it is

possible today, so why wait tomorrow even if there are some

observations and researches to do!

MERCI DE VOTRE

ATTENTION