What are we going to learn in this lecture?

Facebook page link for this classMake-up class date, time and placeDate and instruction for the Quiz exam -1Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the “Commons”The Precautionary PrincipleVideo: President Obama's 2014 UN Climate

Summit Speech

Lecture 4; MrL

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Facebook link for this section

https://www.facebook.com/groups/716727458457166/

Env107_sec38_fall2015

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Make-up class

Date: 10/10/2015Time: 11am-2pmPlace: NAC 210

Quiz 1: Env 107 (section 38)

DATE: 08-09-2015TIME: NEXT CLASS TIME (PLEASE

DON’T BE LATE)PLACE: ROOM NO. NAC 202

SYLLABUS: LEC 1-4MARKS: 20

NO. OF QUESTIONS: DURATION:

QUESTION TYPE:

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Sample questionsEnvironmental Science is….?

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates

the interaction of the business components of the environment the integrated study of factors that influence the environment

and environmental systems All the above

 Which one is NOT true about Bangladesh

environmental issues? Bangladesh has experienced a stable economic growth during

the last decade that has resulted millions of people out of poverty but there are little environmental impacts

Poor are the most vulnerable to environmental changes Bangladesh has less resources in natural environment now than

pervious There is huge population in BangladeshLecture 4; MrL

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Sample questions

By 2025 what percentage of world population will live in urban areas?

1) 40 %2) 50 %3) 67 %4) 75 %

At the global scale, scientific data now indicates that humans are living …………the carrying capacity of planet Earth

a) beyond b) less than c) equal to d) similar to

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Please let others (who are absent) know about the exams.

My expectation:

Anything more to know about Quiz 1?

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Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the “Commons”

"Commons" means atmosphere, oceans, rivers, fish stocks, the office refrigerator, or any other shared resource which is not formally regulated.

The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory by Garrett Hardin, which states that individuals acting independently and rationally according to each's self-interest behave contrary to the best interests of the whole group by depleting some common resource.

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1. Congestion caused by driving cars. There are many negative externalities of driving; these include pollution, carbon emissions, and traffic accidents. 2. Uncontrolled human population growth leading to overpopulation which has many negative effects.

Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons…

Examples

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3. Collecting honey, firewood etc. is damaging form the Sundarbans

What are the Solutions?

• Voluntary organization to enforce responsible use?

• Governmental regulations?• Declaration of World heritage sites?• Solving commons problems involves two

distinct elements: Restricting access, and Creating incentives

Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons…

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The Precautionary Principle

The “precautionary principle” or “precautionary approach” – is a response to uncertainty, in the face of risks to health or the environment.

It involves acting to avoid serious or irreversible potential harm, despite lack of scientific certainty as to the likelihood, magnitude, or causation of that harm.Lecture 4; MrL 11

Video

President Obama's 2014 UN Climate Summit Speech

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWrzXp2uJRM

Previously we watched a developing country’s (Bangladesh) environmental issues.

Now is about a Developed country’s (USA) environmental (climate change issue)

Now your task: What are the climate change related issues in Obama’s speech?

Climate change issues in Obama’s speech

Climate change is an urgent threat of the century Climate change is not now a future threat it is a present threat More climate change globally and in USA

More extreme weather events, more flooding in Miami, more wild fire in the west, drought in farms, hurricane, hardest summer in New York, but global carbon emission is on a rise. So the climate is changing faster.

How to address the climate change? Need to adapt to climate change as we cannot avoid Reduction of greenhouse gas emission USA and China are the two major carbon polluters – they have agreed to

reduce carbon emission USA has reduced its emission level compare to 2005 and will reduce more in

future USA uses more clean energy now All the country need to play their part to reduce carbon emission Developing country would also need to play the role USA will provide technology to developing country to combat climate change

References for today’s lecture

BOTKIN, D. B. & KELLER, E.A. 2011. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: EARTH AS A LIVING PLANET. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

If you don’t find in this book read directly from the class note.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons

President Obama's 2014 UN Climate Summit Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWrzXp2uJRM

Any question?