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4thInterna*onalConferenceonBuildingResilienceIncorporating the 3rd Annual Meeting of the ANDROID Disaster Resilience
Awareness,percep,onandcommunica,onofearthquakeriskinPortugal:PublicsurveyRomeuVicente�TiagoFerreira�RuiMaio�HerbertKoch
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
1. URBSIS project 2. Earthquake risk communication
methodology 3. Earthquake risk perception in
Portugal 4. Questionnaires 5. First results 6. Next steps NEXT STEPS
2Scope & Outline
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
T h i s a r t i c l e d e a l s w i t h earthquake risk perception and communication in Portugal. A survey carried out resourcing to a questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge on earthquake risk perception and awareness in the Algarve region.
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
URBSIS project Assessing Vulnerability and Managing Earthquake Risk at the Urban Scale http://urbsis.web.ua.pt
• Earthquake risk mitigation in Portugal • Exper ienced research team in
earthquake engineering • Two case studies that are prone to
earthquake activity (Faro and Faial island)
• Mapping and calibration of urban scale seismic vulnerability assessment methodology
HOTELEVA
GUARDAFISCAL
CENTRO DESEG. SOCIAL
MINISTÉRIO DO AMBIENTE
I.P.C.C.
R. Serpa Pinto
R. B
aptis
ta P
into
R. da Viola
R. d
a M
adal
ena
R. Filipe Alistão
R. C
ap. M
orR
. Cap
. Mor
R. Compromisso
R. Compromisso
T.S.
Ped
ro
Tv. S. Pedro
R. S
. Ped
ro
R. Inf. D. Henrique
R. T
eófil
o B
raga
R. G
il E
anes
R. do Forno
Largo daMadalena
R. da Cruz
R. da Barqueta
Tv. M
adal
ena
Tv. José Coelho
R. PriorR. Prior
Tv. C
oche
iras
R. Cons. Bívar
Tv. A
rcos
R. Conselheiro Bívar
T.Al
fând
ega
T.Pa
ssag
em
Av. da República
Av. da República
Pç. Ferreira Almeida
R. 1
º M
aio
R. F
ranc
isco
Bar
reto
Vulnerability Index, Iv
0 - 10
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 70
70 - 80
80 - 90
90 - 100
Detail Level
Detailed
Non Detailed
Other Buildings
Concrete
Unoccupied
Ruin
Rehabilitated
°
HOTELEVA
GUARDAFISCAL
CENTRO DESEG. SOCIAL
MINISTÉRIO DO AMBIENTE
I.P.C.C.
R. Serpa Pinto
R. B
aptis
ta P
into
R. da Viola
R. d
a M
adal
ena
R. Filipe Alistão
R. C
ap. M
orR
. Cap
. Mor
R. Compromisso
R. Compromisso
T.S.
Ped
ro
Tv. S. Pedro
R. S
. Ped
ro
R. Inf. D. Henrique
R. T
eófil
o B
raga
R. G
il Ea
nes
R. do Forno
Largo daMadalena
R. da Cruz
R. da Barqueta
Tv. M
adal
ena
Tv. José Coelho
R. PriorR. Prior
Tv. C
oche
iras
R. Cons. Bívar
Tv. A
rcos
R. Conselheiro Bívar
T.Al
fând
ega
T.Pa
ssag
em
Av. da República
Av. da República
Pç. Ferreira Almeida
R. 1
º Mai
o
R. F
ranc
isco
Bar
reto
Mean Damage Grade,
0.0 - 0.5
0.5 - 1.0
1.0 - 1.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.0 - 2.5
2.5 - 3.0
3.0 - 3.5
3.5 - 4.0
4.0 - 4.5
4.5 - 5.0
Detail Level
Detailed
Non Detailed
Other Buildings
Concrete
Unoccupied
Ruin
Rehabilitated
°
0
5
10
15
20
25
V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Rep
air C
osts
(mill
ions
of €
)
I (EMS-98)
Iv, 2stvn
Iv, mean
Iv, 2stvp
1. URBSIS project 3
4Scope & Outline
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
ARCC PORTUGAL PROJECT WITH THE FOLLOWING AIMS & VALUES: Citizen driven Inter-cultural Pluri-disciplinary (architects, engineers, urban planers, emergency managers, sociologists …) Linking different stakeholders (scientific world, community, local authorities, businesses, …) Communication as a tool to secure results
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
2. Risk communication methodology 5
What has to be done?
How should it be done?
Communication strategy
Communication plans
Level A
Level B
Level C
Level D C
hron
olog
y
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
2. Risk communication methodology 6
What has to be done? Look at context, audit part
How should it be done? What kind of laws
(certificate)?
Communication strategy
Communication plans
Level A
Level B
Level C
Level D C
hron
olog
y
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
2. Risk communication objectives 7
RaiseknowledgeaboutseismicrisksingeneralReducingvulnerabilitybychangingbehavior(fromfatalis*cintoproac*ve)>mi*ga*onprocess,preparednessstageReducingcasual*esbecauseoftheknowledgeoftheappropriateearthquakeresponse
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
2. Risk communication messages 8
Pedagogicalcampaign(«earthquakebasics»)Showingsuccessfulmi*ga*onandpreparednessac*vi*esPedagogicalcampaign–teachingtherightbehaviours
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
2. Risk communication targets 9
Geographicalconsidera*onsAgeconsidera*onsHomeownersversusthosewhorentaplacetolive
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
2. Risk communication tools 10
Events(schools,communitymee*ngs,…)Publicitycampaigns(newspaper,radio,…)Socialmedia(presence,dissemina*on,…)
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
3. Earthquake risk in Portugal 11
• Moderate to high seismicity • High vulnerability and absence
or lack of seismic design • Inadequate/Insufficient public
and governmental preparedness
The last major earthquake in Portugal dates back to the year 1755, known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake had an estimated magnitude between 8.5 - 9.0 in the Richter scale, still the biggest event of its kind in European history. It was followed by enormous tsunamis (5-10 meters waves) and consequent fires, which raged for several days. The earthquake almost totally destroyed Lisbon. It seriously affected the southern coastline, including the Algarve region.
European scientists recently concluded that a catastrophic similar event is expected to occur in Portugal within the next 50 years.
MacrosseismicintensityI(EMS-98)
Seismic risk definition: • Exposure • Hazard • Vulnerability
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
4. Questionnaires 12
General public Technical community
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
5. Main results | General public 13
Yes No
Have you ever felt any earthquake?
21 (15.56%)
114 (84.44%)
Yes No
75 (55.56%)
60 (44.44%)
Have you ever participated or atended to any information session on earthquakes?
How do you classify your knowledge level about earthquakes?
6 (4.44%)
48 (35.56%)
64 (47.41%)
17 (12.59%)
0 (0%)
Excelent Good Sufficient Insufficient Ignores
Where did the last major earthquake occur in Portugal?
18 (13.33%)
10 (7.41%)88 (65.19%)
19 (14.07%)
Lisbon Algarve Azores island Other
Are you aware of the causes responsible for the seismic activity in Portugal?
8 (5.93%)
120 (88.89%)
7 (5.19%)
Tectonic plates interaction Volcanic activity Global warming
How do you classify the seismic risk in Portugal (mainland and islands)?
1 (0.74%)
13 (9.63%)
55 (40.74%)
61 (45.19%) 5 (3.7%)
Very high High Moderate Low Very low
Population’s personal experience and knowledge about earthquakes
General knowledge of the population on the seismic activity in Portugal
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
5. Main results | General public 14
During an earthquake, if you’re inside a building, what kind of procedure(s)should you adopt?
13 (9.63%)
17 (12.59%)65 (48.15%)
27 (20%) 13 (9.63%)
Bend down, protect yourself and wait Take cover under tables or spans Evacuate the building Evacuate the building and find an open space Other
Globally, how do you classify the structural capacity of Faro’s building stock to face an eventual earthquake?
14 (10.37%)
90 (66.67%)
29 (21.48%)
2 (1.48%)0 (0%)
Excelent Good Sufficient Insufficient Blank
Which of the following factor(s) compreend(s) the definition of seismic vulnerability?
History of seismic occurrences Building’s geographical location Building’s geometric and mechanical properties Other
26 (19.26%)
10 (7.41%)
54 (40%)
45 (33.33%)
Do you feel that Portugal is prepared to face an emergency situationderived from seismic events?
Yes No
128 (94.81%)
7 (5.19%)
Do you consider mandatory a seismic certification code/system for both new and existing buildings in Portugal?
Yes No
19 (14.07%)
116 (85.93%)
In your opinion, who is the responsible authority that should guarantee the safety of people during an earthquake?
3 (2.22%)0 (0%)4 (2.96%)
101 (74.81%)
27 (20%)
Government Civil protection City councils Insurance companies None of the previous answers
Adequate behavior to an earthquake: people and buildings
Portuguese preparedness to face an earthquake crisis
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
6. Final comments 15
From the data collected and treated, it is revealed that seismic risk knowledge, perception and preparedness is problematic: 1/ Risk knowledge and information - Information session attendance and knowledge self assessment is low - Misconception with regard to infrastructure and building vulnerability
2/ Risk perception - Undervalued (majority said moderate or low)
3/ Risk preparedness - A vast majority does not feel that Portugal is prepared - More than 30% is unaware of the right actions to take in case of emergency
despite that the results are from the population that lives in the Algarve region, one of the most dangerous zones of Portugal.
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
6. Final comments 16
Interesting result regarding a more specific objective to reduce vulnerability
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
Next steps 17
NEXT STEPS: 1/ Developing knowledge and resource partnerships Examples: - Partners from business (PR, insurance …) - Centre for Social Studies, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Portugal (Risk Observatory) - Municipality of Lisbon (Resilient Cities Campaign) - Civil Protection Authority - National platform DRR
2/ Adding content to the first audit - Know more about the people, living conditions, attitudes and
willingness to change - Study more about their perception of trust in authorities,
information tools and media channels 3/ Definition of strategy and plans
4thInterna*onalConferenceonBuildingResilienceIncorporating the 3rd Annual Meeting of the ANDROID Disaster Resilience
Thankyou Further information about the URBSIS project available at http://urbsis.web.ua.pt Further information about ARCC PORTUGAL: www.association-rcc.org www.journalriskcrisis.com Please contact us by e-mail at decivil-urbsis@ua.pt
Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014
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