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ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING LCA ADEME database Technical Committee: « Wood and Glass » April 24th 2012. Olivier Réthoré ADEME Service Eco-conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD) With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis). Agenda. Goal and scope For wood and glass - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING
LCA ADEME databaseTechnical Committee: « Wood and Glass »
April 24th 2012
Olivier RéthoréADEME
Service Eco-conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD)
With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)
Agenda
Goal and scopeFor wood and glass– Particular methodological choices– Data need– Existing data
Goal and scope
3
Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB
Scope:for furniture and beds because the PCR have been validated
for packaging because transverse issue
Meeting approach
For each type of wood or glass:Analyze the inventory data need from:– The preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de
développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage »
– PCR for furniture and bed– Knowledge about packaging
Determine the appropriate granulometry– Regarding
Technological representativeness Geographical representativeness Temporal representativeness
– Considering for each differentiation The relative environmental impact The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data) The short term data availability in existing databases (generic
data)
Propose a list of inventories to be integrated into ADEME database
4
5
ADEME database content
Processes
MetadataSources, contacts, external documents
Unit Reference
flow, Unitgroups
Characterization factors*
LCIA Method
Result for each impact category
X
*Common data for all suppliers (to be given by the JRC)
LCI Flows*, flow
property*,Unitgroups
6
Data sources: 3 feeding modes
Purchasing existing or adapted data – From databases suppliers with which the ADEME has a framework contract
– For both lots (7/wood and 8/glass): PE, ecoinvent
Data co-production– In order to fill missing data in specific sectors– Projects co-funded by ADEME with research and technical partners
– Ex.: AgriBalyse for agriculture products, ACYVIA for food industry, etc.
Third party– In order to allow integrating data not yet available in existing databases
– In order to promote assessment by the industry
Wood (mainly for furniture)
7
Wood in GT
Wood is mainly needed in GT7 (furniture); some PCR are validated: “Proposition de projet de référentiel d’évaluation environnementale de produits d’ameublement”: – Meubles en bois– Literie– Siège rembourré
GT2, in hi-fi speakersGT5, in shoe’s solesGT11: non electrical tools
Impact categories
For all GT– Climate change – IPCC 2007– Resource depletion – EDIP 97 (2004) (may change)
Furniture– Air acidification – Recipe 2008– Photochemical oxidant formation – Recipe 2008
GT2 (EEE)– Ecotoxicity (not validated)
GT5 (shoes)– Eutrophication – Recipe 2008
GT11– Aquatic ecotoxicity - Usetox
9
French Furniture Market
In 2008, the France market was structured as (data from IPEA):– 35% : Furnishing furniture;– 27% : Stuffed seats;– 23% : Kitchen furniture;– 11% : Bedding;– 3% : Bathroom furniture;– 1% : garden furniture.
April 22, 2023
Nom du service
Furniture PCR requirements
PCR– Specific data
Quantity of each wood type (in mass or volume): see the list in next slides
Sustainable management of forests (to be defined by the methodological platform)
Wood machining (usinage) from sawn timber (sciage)– Electricity consumption– Quantity of finishing products
– Semi-specific data– Generic data
Impacts of materials
Sustainable wood
How is it taken into account in databases?
The platform distinguishes two concepts– Renewability of resources: carbon withdrawal is taken into account for renewable resources (e.g. wood) whatever the origin– Sustainable management: impact on biodiversity.
There is no recognized indicator for biodiversity.
Discussion is in progress within GT8 (paper)
April 22, 2023
Nom du service
Data need – Raw material
14
Solid wood– What are the differences between wood species from a LCA point of view? (e.g. more energy consumption, soil nutrient…)– Is the approach hardwood/softwood enough for short term?– Does it make sense to have a “wood, unspecified”– Are there types of wood missing?
Derived wood– Are the suggested categories differentiated enough? (e.g. different densities for fiberboard)– Are there types of wood missing?– Does a furniture manufacturer always know the wood species used in derived wood?
NB: list established from preliminary study and PCR
Type DifferentiationSolid wood
SoftwoodPine (sapin)
NorthCoastalSpruce (epicea)ParanaUnspecified
Douglas fir (sciage Douglas) Larch (Mélèze)
Hardwood
Beech (hêtre) Poplar (peuplier) Oak (chêne) Mahogany (Acajou) Alder (Aulne) Ash (Frêne)Birch (Bouleau) Chestnut (Châtaigner) Walnut (Noyer) Elm (Orme) Palissander (Palissandre) Teak (Teck) Linden (Tilleul) Wenge (Wengué) Maple (érable) Cherry wood (Merisier) Cork (Liège)
Derived wood
Particle woodFor humid environmentFor dry environment
Plywood (contreplaqué) Pine, beech, poplar, birch
MDF (Medium-density fibreboard)For humid environmentFor dry environment
Existing data – Softwood
April 22, 2023
Nom du service15
Type Species Representativity ecoinvent GaBi FCBA
Softwood
Spurce, or unspecified
ecoinvent: is spruce used as most representative softwood?
Form
Bark chips, Chips, logs (for heating systems)Residue wood (from insutrial processes)Industrial wood (at forest road)Round wood (at forest road)Sawn timber (at plant)
Sawn timber -
Drying technology Air driedKiln dried - -
Humidity 20%, 40 %, 140% - -
Geography CH, RER, NORDEL DE France
Pine Form, geography Sawn timber, DE Coastal, France
Douglas fir Form, geography Sawn timber, DE France
Cedar Form, geography Sawn timber, DE
Larch (mélèze) Form, geography Sawn timber, DE
Parana pine Form, geography Sawn timber, GLO
Existing data – Hardwood
April 22, 2023
Nom du service16
Type ecoinvent GaBi FCBA Idemat (1998)Solid wood
Hardwood
Beech (hêtre)
Bark chips, Chips, logs (for heating systems)Residue wood (from insutrial processes)Industrial wood (at forest road)Round wood (at forest road)Sawn timber (at plant)
RER
Sawn timber, DE
Poplar (peuplier) France Oak (chêne) Sawn timber, DE France
Mahogany (Acajou) Congo/Ghana/Gabon
Alder (Aulne) Europe/Afrique du Nord
Birch (Bouleau) Pays nordiquesChestnut (Châtaigner) France/ItalieWalnut (Noyer) France/ItalieElm (Orme) Pays BasPalissander (Palissandre) Brésil
Teak (Teck) Sawn timber, DE Brésil/Thailande/Cambodje/Togo/Nigeria/Tanzanie
Linden (Tilleul) Belgique/Luxembourg/Allemagne
Wenge (Wengué) Congo/ Ghana/ Gabon
Maple (érable) Cherry wood (Merisier) Cork (Liège) Sawn timber, RER
Existing data – Derived wood
17
Type Representativity ecoinvent GaBi INIES
Fibreboard
Origin Softwood, orHardwood
Production mixCelluloseDHF, DFF
Adhesive LatexWithout adhesive ?
Geography CH, RER DEMDF (Medium-density fibreboard) Geography RER DE France, 2009
HDF (High-density fibreboard) Geography DE
Particle board
Techno Cement bounded Pgleiderer, egger, average, P2, P4, P5, P6P7 -
Use IndoorOutdoor - For humid and dry
environmentGeography RER DE France, 2009
Laminated timber
Origin ? Pine, softwood
Form Glued, or not Three, Five layersGlued, or not
Use IndoorOutdoor -
Geography RER DE
PlywoodUse Indoor
Outdoor Production mix -
Geography RER DE France, 2004
Existing data
One will use data on wood for building products
Might there be major differences on some of these data with wood and wood processing for furniture ?
Data need vs. existing data
Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent
Data available in one database or unknown information
Unavailable data
19
Type DifferentiationSolid wood
SoftwoodPine (sapin)
NorthCoastalSpruce (epicea)ParanaUnspecified
Douglas fir (sciage Douglas) Larch (mélèze)
Hardwood
Beech (hêtre) Poplar (peuplier) Oak (chêne) Mahogany (Acajou) Alder (Aulne) Ash (Frêne)Birch (Bouleau) Chestnut (Châtaigner) Walnut (Noyer) Elm (Orme) Palissander (Palissandre) Teak (Teck) Linden (Tilleul) Wenge (Wengué) Maple (érable) Cherry wood (Merisier) Cork (Liège)
Derived wood
Particle woodFor humid environmentFor dry environment
Plywood (contreplaqué) Pine, beech, poplar, birch
MDF (Medium-density fibreboard)For humid environmentFor dry environment
Data need – Geographical representativity
PCR does not require any geographical differentiation– What geographical level shall one consider: global ? Regional (temperate, tropical…)? National?– What are relevant parameters to differentiate a region from another?
The preliminary study does not give any statistics data for wood use regarding the production country– What are available statistical data regarding the origin of wood in products bought in France?– A study run by the methodological GT will complete these needs (in progress)
20
Data need – Forming processes
Forming processes are separated in two parts:– Preforming processes: before sawn timber purchased by furniture manufacturer ⇨ generic data included in raw material production– Machining processes: at furniture manufacturing plant ⇨ specific data:
Electricity consumption Finishing products (see next slide)
Data need and Existing data – Finishing products
What are the data needed only for machining and assembling?
Matériau Base de donnée Représentativité AnnéeColle vinylique (1 ou 2 composants) INIES/Bostik France 2008
Colle mélamine formaldhéyde (urée ou phénol)
EIME GaBi USA 1997FCBA (données d'industriels) GaBi USA 1997
Colle urée formol Ecoinvent Europe 2000Colle phénol formol GaBi USA 1997 FCBA (données d'industriels) Colle PU (1 ou 2 composants) EIME France 2002
Colle époxy/polyépoxyde (1 ou 2 composants)voir analyse transversale (résine époxy)
Colle polychloroprène (néoprène) Colle latex, base solvant Colle latex, base eau Colle acrylique, base eau Ecoinvent Europe 2000
Colle polyester, base solvant (styrène)GaBi Allemagne 2005Ecoinvent Europe 2000EIME 1990
Colle PVA (1 composant) Colle hotmelt (polyolefine, résine thermoplastique, ethylene vinyl acetate)
Vernis acryliqueEIME 1995Ecoinvent Europe 2000
Laque PU - vernis PU En cours dans PROPILAE Peinture PU EIME 2003Finition cellulosique Finition aminoplaste Finition polyester voir colle polyester Finition acrylique voir colle et vernis acrylique Finition PU voir colle et peinture PU
Data need – Packaging
Pallets Wood boxesDo we need more than two average inventories?Are there other needs?
23
Production losses
24
PCR – requires 50/50 recycling allocation for production losses
EM = EV - (0,5R1+0,5R2) EV’ + (0,5R1+0,5R2)ER + Ve (Echaudière - r3n*PCI*Echaleur - r4n*PCI*Eélec) + I*(1-0,5R1-0,5R2-Ve)* ( EiOM - r1n*PCIOM*Echaleur - r2n*PCIOM *Eélec) + (1-I)*(1-0,5R1-0,5R2-Ve) Ed
– Are production losses always considered recycled?
Credits– What is (are) the recycling outlet(s)? (energy from wood,
process panel…)– Must one inventory be used or an average?
Recycling process– Must the recycling process be differentiated by type of
wood, type of outlet?
End of life
PCR: Recycling is not considered for furniture end-of-life in short term French statistics for the end of life (source: “Dimensionnement de la filière pour la gestion des mobiliers ménagers et professionels”, november 2010)
– Material recycling: 25 %– Incineration: 33 %– Landfilling: 38 %– Other: 4 %
GaBi, ecoinvent and ELCD have data for treated and untreated wood landfilling and incineration
Emissions delay
BPX– Taking into account with following formulas:
If (100 – Dvp) > Dvx : PRG (X ; 100) If (100 – Dvp) < Dvx : PRG (X ; 100) * (100 – Dvp)/100
– With Dvx = lifetime of GHG X. PRG (X ; 100) = GWP of GHG X over 100 years Dvp = lifetime of product
In the database, – The elementary flows will include their lifetime– The tools will calculate the delay for regarded PCR with an updatable table
April 22, 2023
Nom du service
Glass
27
Glass needed in PCR
Nom du service28
GT 1 : Food –Packaging one way, refillable and colored
GT 2 : Electrical and electronical equipment :– Screens– Bulbs
GT7 : furniture–Flat glass
GT10 : sport articles (glassfiber)
Impact categories
Nom du service29
GT 1 : Food –Greenhouse effet–Water consumption–Eutrophication–Aquatic ecotoxicity
GT 2 : Electrical and electronical equipment :– Greenhouse effect– Resource depletion
GT7 : furniture–Greenhouse effect–Acidification–Eutrophication–Resource depletion–Photochemical oxydants production
GT10 : sport articles (glasfiber)–Greenhouse effect–Acidification–Eutrophication
Impacts the most present : •Greenhouse effect•Eutrophication•Acidification/resource depletion
PCR requirements
No particular need, all GT:– Specific data
Type and quantity of materials Forming processes (specifically or included in raw material)
– Secondary data Impacts of raw material production and forming
April 22, 2023
Nom du service
Data need – Technological representativenessType Process Differentiation Application Questions
Flat glass
Float flat glass"Classic" Tables, cupboard Coated Tables, cupboard
Rolled glassWired glass Safety window Can it be used in furniture or other goods?Patterned glass Tables, cupboard
Other processes
Toughened
More resistant glass Can it be used in furniture or other goods?Hardened (or semi-toughened)LaminatedDecorated Tables, cupboard
Container glassWhite
Beverage, food…
Green Brown
Other glass
Based on composition
Silicate glass TV screens, ovenwareMust we need specific inventories or is it in the materials flow of the application manufacturer?
Lithium aluminosilicate glass Ceramics for cooking wareLead glass CrystalSealing glass Electronic components
Based on forming process
Glass fiber Textiles, and reinforcement of plastics)
Glass optical fiber Data transmission (TV, IT…) Glass tubing Fluorescent lights Casted glass Domestic glassware Is the process for container glass the same
as for glassware? Or is it a good approximation?Electric light bulb Domestic lamps
Glass pieces with assembling structure
Stained glass (with lead) Can it be used in furniture or other goods?Is it bought or manufactured by the furniture manufacturer?
Copper glass Ancklebone (Astragale) (with wood)
List established from Preliminary study and complementary research
Data need – Technological representativeness
Must all those categories have an inventory? (e.g. sealing glass is included in electronic processes)Must those categories be more differentiated?Are there types of glass missing?
For product directly coming from glass production site (e.g. glassware), do we need inventories for glass raw materials (soda, sand…)? Since quantities and other parameters may be specific.
What is the ideal list of inventories to be integrated into the database?32
Container glass – Refillable glass
33
Should inventories be distinct between refillable bottles and one-way bottles?
If refillable glass is distinct, should/may the amount of rotations be a specific parameter in PCR for beverages?
We need to have an inventory for washing the bottles
Data need – Geographical representativeness
What parameters differentiate a region from another?What geography level shall we consider (country, continental, world)Is it possible to estimate glass production in other continent from European data?
34
Existing data
Nom du service35
Type Representativity ecoinvent GaBi FEVE
Flat glassTechnology
CoatedUncoatedToughened
Float -
Geography RER EU-27 -
Packaging glassTechnology Brown, green, white Techno mix
Techno mix / without refillableGate-to-gate, cradle to gate and cradle to cradle
Geography CH, DE, RER EU-27 RER
Screen glassTechnology LCD, CRT
Funnel for CRT - -
Geography RER - -
Coated glassTechnology Anti-reflex coating (solar) - -
Geography DK - -
Glass tube Geography DE - -
Glass fibre Geography RER DE -
Glass wool Geography - DE Included in packaging inventory as recycling
Glass bricks Geography - DE -
Existing data
One will use data on wood for building products– Might there be major differences on some of these data with wood and wood processing for furniture ?
FEVE– How deep can FEVE inventory be disaggregated?In particular:
Is it possible to have an inventory « glass, refillable »,
is it possible to have only the impacts of electricity consumption?
Data need vs. existing data
Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent
Data available in one database
Unavailable data37
Type Process Differentiation
Flat glass
Float flat glass"Classic"Coated
Rolled glassWired glassPatterned glass
Other processes
ToughenedHardened (or semi-toughened)LaminatedDecorated
Container glassWhiteGreenBrown
Other glass
Based on composition
Silicate glassLithium aluminosilicate glassLead glassSealing glassCopper glassStained glass
Based on forming process
Glass fiberGlass optical fiberGlass tubingCasted glassElectric light bulb
Glass pieces with assembling structure
Stained glass (with lead)Copper glassAncklebone (Astragale) (with wood)
Soda allocation
Solvay process (or ammonia process) produces soda and calcium chlorideSoda allocation factor– ecoinvent: 33% based on economic allocation, world market– FEVE: 100%, because calcium chloride is a by-product not valued– What about GaBi?
Proposition: 100 % allocation to soda
38
Recycling allocation
BPX requires allocation based on collection rateTwo solutions to model recycling credit– Inventories 100 % primary or 100 % secondary allow choosing recycling content and end of life recycling rate but are not representative of any realityThis approach is not used nor recommended by FEVEIs it possible/acceptable to have such inventories?Do they represent the reality when combined?– Average inventories represent closed loop systems, and are suitable for collection rate based allocationTo databases suppliers: would it be possible to adapt the collection rate to France situation?
Should flat glass, packaging glass and other glasses collection rates be differentiated?Should processes of recycling be differentiated ? Is it always closed loop ?39
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