Vit B1 Report

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Thiamine is a vitamin, also called vitamin B1.

Thiamin is a micronutrient, meaning a nutrient needed invery small amounts.It is a water-soluble vitamin that it is eliminated in urinewhen not needed by the body.

It is often used in combination with other B vitamins, andfound in many vitamin B complex products. Vitamin Bcomplexes generally include vitamin B1 (thiamine),vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin/niacinamide),vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine),

vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), and folic acid.

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1. It works with other B-group vitamins to helprelease energy from the food we eat

2. It keeps nerves and muscle tissues healthy.

3. It plays an essential role as a cofactor in key

reactions breaking down food and convertingcarbohydrate into energy for the body(carbohydrate metabolism), in the form of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) .

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4 . It is an anti-stress vitamin because it isbelieved to enhance the activity of the

immune system and increase the body sability to resist stressful conditions.

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alcoholismAlzheimer s diseaseGALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS Crohn sdiseasecongestive heart failuredepressionepilepsyfibromyalgiaAIDSmultiple sclerosis

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Yeast and pork- most highly concentrated ( be st ) sources of

thiamine.

Gre at sourc e s of Thiamin/B1 includ e:

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Yeast, cereal grains, nuts- most important dietary sources of thiamine,

by virtue of their ubiquity

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Sunflower seeds

Yellowfin tuna

Yellow corn

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Cooked beans/peas

Romaine lettuce

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AsparagusPotatoes

OrangesLiver

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Vegetables

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infants : (0-6 months) 0.2 mg

infants: (7-12 months) 0.3 mg

children (1-3 y) 0.5 mgchildren ( 4-8 y) 0.6 mg

children (9-13 y) 0.9 mg

adolescents (1 4-18): males 1.2 mg

adolescents (1 4-18): females 1.0 mg

adults: males 1.2 mg

lactation 1.1 mg

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Can l e ad to :

Severe fatigue of eyes and myriad problems includingneurodegeneration , wasting, and death .

Caus e s:

Malnutrition , a diet high in thiaminase -rich foods (rawfreshwater fish, raw shellfish , ferns ) and/or foods highin anti-thiamine factors ( tea , coffee , betel nuts )[27] andby grossly impaired nutritional status associated withchronic diseases, such as alcoholism, gastrointestinaldiseases, HIV-AIDS, and persistent vomiting.

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Beribericauses nerve and muscle abnormalities.

ernicke-Korsakoff syndromemost frequently encountered manifestation of thiaminedeficiency in Western society.neuro-psychiatric disorder characterized by paralysis of eye movements, abnormal stance and gait, andmarkedly deranged mental function.

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Oral thiamin is generally nontoxic, butstomach ups e t can occur with ex ce ssive

intak e .

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1. Ce llular uptak e

Uptake of thiamine by cells of the blood andother tissues occurs via active transport andpassive diffusion.

About 80% of intracellular thiamine isphosphorylated and most is bound toproteins.

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2. Tissu e distri b ution

Human storage of thiamine is about 25 to 30 mg with thegreatest concentrations in skeletal muscle, heart, brain,liver, and kidneys.

ThMP and free (unphosphorylated) thiamine is present inplasma, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, and likely allextracellular fluids. Unlike the highly phosphorylated

forms of thiamine, Th MP and free thiamine are capable of crossing cell membranes.

Thiamine contents in human tissues are less than those of other species.

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3. Ex cre tion

Thiamine and its acid metabolites (2-methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidine carboxylic acid, 4-methyl-thiazole-5-acetic acid and thiamineacetic acid) are excreted principally in theurine.

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Thank You!