All Documents - Public Disclosure Authorized...Authority and the Jordan Valley Authority were placed within this Ministry. In the early 1990s the water shortage problem started to

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Administrator

E991 Vol. 1

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS i LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES iii

1 OVERVIEW S-1

1.1 Water Resources Management in Jordan S-2 1.1.1 Strategy S-2 1.1.2 Stakeholders S-4 1.1.3 Water Balance S-4 1.1.4 Management Measures S-8 1.1.5 Investments S-10

2 PROPOSED PROJECT S-11

2.1 Origin and Scope S-11 2.2 Location S-12 2.3 Major Elements S-14 2.4 Project Segments S-17 2.5 Construction and Operational Phases S-17

2.5.1 Project Implementing Organization S-17 2.5.2 Operation of the Project and its Benefits S-17

3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS S-18

3.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework in Jordan S-18 3.2 Applicable World Bank Policies S-19 3.3 Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment S-19 3.4 Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment S-19 3.5 Maps to Support Environmental and Social Management Plan S-22

4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK S-22

4.1 Institutional and Legislative Framework S-22 4.1.1 Institutions S-22 4.1.2 Applicable National Environmental Legislation S-23

4.2 Applicable Policies of the World Bank S-24

5 WATER SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT S-25

5.1 Baseline Data S-25 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives in the Water Sector S-26

Final Report i Consolidated Consultants

Administrator

E991 Vol. 1

Administrator

Administrator

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS

5.3 Potential Impacts S-36 5.3.1 Direct and Indirect S-38 5.3.2 Cumulative Impacts S-39

5.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan S-40 5.4.1 Elements S-41 5.4.2 Parties Responsible S-41

5.5 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building S-42

6 PROJECT SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT S-43

6.1 Baseline Environmental and Social Data S-43 6.1.1 Physical Environment S-43 6.1.2 Biological Environment S-44 6.1.3 Agricultural Resources S-46 6.1.4 Social Aspects S-49 6.1.5 Archaeological Resources Assessment S-50

6.2 Analysis of Project Specific Alternatives S-50 6.2.1 No Action/Without Project S-50 6.2.2 Development of the Well Field S-50 6.2.3 Alignment of the Pipeline S-51

6.3 Potential Impacts – Construction Phase S-53 6.3.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment S-53 6.3.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment S-55 6.3.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture S-56 6.3.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions S-56 6.3.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites S-58

6.4 Potential Impacts – Operation Phase S-58 6.4.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment S-58 6.4.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment S-58 6.4.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture S-59 6.4.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions S-59 6.4.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites S-59

6.5 Cumulative Impacts S-59 6.5.1 Positive Cumulative Impacts S-59 6.5.2 Negative Cumulative Impacts S-60

6.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan S-67 6.6.1 Management Objectives, Structure and Responsibility S-67 6.6.2 Impact Mitigation and Management Programs S-82 6.6.3 Implementation, Operation and Control S-94 6.6.4 Checking Corrective Action and Management Review S-96

7 CONSULTATIONS TO SUPPORT PREPARATION OF THE ESA STUDY S-98

7.1 First Phase of Public Consultation S-98 7.2 Second Phase of Public Consultations on the Draft ESA S-100 7.3 Disclosure S-101

Final Report ii Consolidated Consultants

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES Table PageTable 1: Priority of stakeholders with respect to Disi water consumption S-4 Table 2: Present and future water demand, supply and deficit in Jordan up to the

Year 2040 (MCM/yr) S-6 Table 3: Adjusted future water supply (resources) and deficit in Jordan up to the

Year 2040 (MCM/yr) S-7 Table 4: Main water resources management measures adopted in Jordan S-9 Table 5: Summary of the key elements of the project S-16 Table 6: Implications of “No Action Alternative” with the current and proposed

actions without Disi project S-28 Table 7: Planned water development projects and development amount (MCM/yr) S-32 Table 8: Water Demand, Supply and Gap for the Base Scenario (MCM/yr) S-34 Table 9: Non-conventional options for Jordan to ease the water problem S-34 Table 10: Potential Impacts of the Disi-Mudawarra Water System on the

Water Sector in Jordan S-37 Table 11: Parties responsible S-42 Table 12: Planted areas and water consumption of large scale agricultural companies S-47 Table 13: Water consumption for selected crops as an annual average for the period

1999-2001 S-48 Table 14: Total, cost, net revenue and water consumption (m3/kg) for selected crops

as an annual average for the period 1999-2001 S-48 Table 15: Analysis of project specific alternatives S-52 Table 16: Registered Environmental and Social impacts S-63 Table 17: Site-specific mitigation measures based on project activities S-68 Table 18: ESMP Site-Specific Procedures and Responsibilities S-71 Table 19: The duties of the proposed Contractor - Environmental and Social

Management Plan (ESMP) Technical Assistant S-81 Table 20: Significant issues identified in the first phase of public consultation S-99 Table 21: Significant issues identified during the second phase of public consultation S-101

LIST OF FIGURES Figure PageFigure 1: Jordan’s Water Strategy S-3 Figure 2: Actions required for management of water scarcity S-8 Figure 3: Optimised alignment of the Disi-Mudawarra to Amman water

conveyance system S-13 Figure 4: Segmentation of the project area S-17 Figure 5: Project-Specific ESMP Process S-21 Figure 6: Estimated year 2000 per capita withdrawal for Jordan and other countries S-27 Figure 7: Jordan Water Gap and Bridging Options S-31 Figure 8: Illustration of the reason for conveying Disi Water to Amman S-38 Figure 9: ESMP management structure S-80

Final Report iii Consolidated Consultants

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 OVERVIEW The shortage of water in Jordan is a chronic problem that dates back as the early as the 1970s. The late King Hussein was always keen at emphasizing that the development of the country’s water sector is vital for the development of all other sectors in the country. Also, King Abdullah the Second considers the water issue to be of top priority in the work of the government. These considerations reflect the seriousness of the water problem in Jordan. In Jordan, the development of the water institutions dates back to the 1951 when the Health Institution was developed to monitor water quality. Afterwards, the Western Ghor Canal Authority and the Central Water Authority were created in 1951 and 1960, respectively. However, these two authorities were replaced by the Natural Resources Authority in 1965. In the same year, the Jordanian Regional Institution for Development of Jordan River and its Tributaries was established with responsibility for developing the water resources of the Jordan River and its tributaries. This institution adopted the Khaled Dam and Jordan Valley projects. In 1975, the responsibility for drinking water was transferred from the Natural Resources Authority to a newly created authority named the Drinking Water Institution. This institution was responsible for all water projects in the Kingdom except for Amman city for which the Water and Wastewater Authority was formed. In 1972, the responsibility for the areas below sea level on the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River was transferred from the Natural Resources Authority to a new institution named in 1977 the Jordan Valley Authority (JVA). In 1984, the Drinking Water Institution and the Water and Wastewater Authority were merged into one authority which is the Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ). On October 1st of 1988, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation was created and the Water Authority and the Jordan Valley Authority were placed within this Ministry. In the early 1990s the water shortage problem started to accelerate after the Gulf Crisis. The lack of water resources became more prominent with the increase in water demand in response to the natural and crisis driven population growth, improvement of living standards, and the development of the economic, industrial and touristic sectors. In trying to meet the country’s growing water demand, groundwater aquifers are being exploited at more than double their sustainable yield in average. This can be attributed to the low investment requirement for developing extra groundwater sources. The situation has reached a level where the toxicity index (pollution load compared to renewable water resources) is high and the water costs compared to GDP do not allow the full cost recovery. For a number of years supply has been outstripped by demand in the Greater Amman Area and the Water Authority of Jordan has had no option but to implement a water rationing program during the summer months to deal with the water shortage. The situation has been on-going since 1988 and the situation continues to deteriorate each year as demand increases which has lead to a rationing program for the entire year with very low reliability during the summer period. The Disi-Mudawarra to Amman Water Conveyance System will result in a reliable water supply to Amman especially during the summer. This project was proposed many years ago but due to lack of funding, the project was postponed. However, due to the pressing need for additional sources of water, serious efforts have been made to prepare a detailed feasibility study, environmental and social assessment and to secure funding for this project.

Final Report S-1 Consolidated Consultants


At present, the drinking water for Amman is supplied mainly from the upland aquifers and new developed aquifers to the south such as Lajoun Aquifer. Therefore, another important aspect of the Disi project is that its implementation will secure an additional source of drinking water to Amman and thus relieve the upland aquifers from over abstraction. Also, the Disi project will have an indirect effect on the quality of the wastewater which in turn would lead to a better effluent quality to be used for irrigation as a replacement for valuable freshwater. Once the Disi pipeline is completed it will serve as a Southern National Carrier for Jordan. However, it should be noted that the Disi project would cover only part of the water shortage problem but would not close the country’s growing water gap. 1.1 Water Resources Management in Jordan The scarcity of water in Jordan makes the management of this critical resource very complex from a political, technical, socio-economic and environmental perspective. The water budget of Jordan is around 1 billion cubic meters per annum, which is considered relatively low when compared to social, economic and environmental needs of the country. This scarcity makes the availability of water on a reliable basis very important for to the society. Accordingly, this section will deal with the management issue in order to highlight the importance of integrated management of the water resources in Jordan and the role of Disi water as a part of these resources. 1.1.1 Strategy The issues addressed in Jordan’s water strategy of 1997 are distributed across three levels: resource development, resource management, and shared water resources. These issues are summarized in Figure 1.


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1.1.2 Stakeholders

In Jordan, the policy for water allocation considers the following water stakeholders: domestic, industrial, touristic, and agricultural sectors. The water allocation priority goes first to the domestic sector, followed by the industrial and touristic sectors and last to the agricultural sector. Table 1 presents the priority of Disi water consumption according to stakeholder shares and importance.

In terms of the Disi water, the stakeholders are as follows:

• Amman city which will utilise the Disi water for domestic needs and for which the allocation of the Disi water will help in relieving the upland aquifers used to supply Amman with required domestic water;

• Locals at Disi area who use the Disi water for their various activities including domestic uses and livestock raising;

• Aqaba city which utilizes at present the Disi water for its domestic needs; • The Disi farms which utilize the Disi water for irrigation. However, those farms will be

closed once their current operating permits are expired; and • The cities along the Disi conveyor route that will be provided with “turn out” for emergency

access if required. At the present these cities have no need for the Disi water since they already have their own water resources that are of good quality.

Table 1: Priority of stakeholders with respect to Disi water consumption

Priority Conditions Water Needs Stakeholder

Total Priority

Rate (Sum)

Present Consumption of Disi Water

Availability of Other Sources

Near Future (Up to 2010)

Future (Up to 2020)

Far Future (Up to 2040)

Amman City ******** - **1 ** ** ** Locals at Disi area **** * - * * *

Aqaba City *** * - * * -2 Disi Farms *** * - ** -3 -3 Cities along the Conveyor Route 4

* - - - - *5

1 Almost all domestic water is imported from outside Amman. 2 Other sources will be available (e.g. proposed Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project) 3 Contracts Expire 4 Cities along the pipeline: Madaba, Karak, Tafileh, Ma’an and Aqaba. 5 Local sources will not fulfil the growing demand. 1.1.3 Water Balance The water supply of Jordan integrates the following resources:

• Surface Water; • Groundwater; • Treated Wastewater; and • Non-Conventional Water Sources.



Table 2 (GTZ Study, 1997) presents the future with the present water demand, supply and deficit in Jordan up to the year 2040. Table 3 (Al-Salihi, 1999) presents the future water supply to Jordan adjusted for rainfall decline in response to climate change. Table 2 and Table 3 address three aspects of water resources: demand, supply and deficit. The demand and deficit portions are divided to consumption sectors and the supply portion was divided according to source. Water quality was accounted for and three types were considered:

• Fresh for domestic use; • Fresh to brackish for industrial and agricultural use; and • Treated wastewater for industrial and agricultural use.

The irrigation demand was frozen due to lack of water supply for the agricultural sector. No fresh water was considered for irrigation after the year 2010 and a considerable reduction in fresh to brackish water. Treated wastewater could be the only source available for irrigation in most areas in the future. Disi water was considered as water supply for the domestic sector. However, fresh water deficit for domestic use will start after the year 2010 even with Disi water.



Table 2: Present** and future water demand, supply and deficit in Jordan up to the Year 2040 (MCM/yr)

Item Pres. 1993

Year 2000

Year 2010

Year 2020

Year 2030

Year 2040

WATER DEMAND TOTAL 1001.5 1244 1518 1772 2025 2279 Surface Water 414.4 400 472 592 592 592 Ground water 535.1 355 387 418 451 482 Demand Management Savings 0 20 20 20 20 20 Treated Wastewater 52 99 162 230 376 522 Desalination Water 0 2 20 37 53 70 Domestic 218.5 367 489 729 969 1209 Surface Water (Fresh) 51.3 172 249 446 497 497 Ground water (Fresh) 167.2 173 200 226 254 280 Demand Management Savings 0 20 20 20 20 20 Desalination Water 0 2 20 37 53 70 Industrial 43 86 129 143 156 170 Surface Water (Fresh to Brackish) 16.7 33.4 50.1 55.5 60.6 66 Ground water (Fresh to Brackish) 26.3 52.6 78.9 87.5 95.4 104 Irrigation 740 791 900 900 900 900 Surface Water 346.4 194.6 172.9 90.5 34.4 29 Fresh Water 268.1 133 128 51 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 78.3 61.6 44.9 39.5 34.4 29 Ground water 341.6 129.4 108.1 104.5 101.6 98 Fresh Water 55.3 0 0 0 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 286.3 129.4 108.1 104.5 101.6 98 Treated Wastewater 52 99 162 230 376 522 WATER SUPPLY TOTAL 1001.5 876 1061 1297 1492 1686 Fresh Water Total 541.9 478 577 723 751 777 Fresh to Brackish Water Total 407.6 277 282 287 292 297 Treated Wastewater 52 99 162 230 376 522 Brackish Water Desalination 0 2 20 37 53 70 Water Demand Management Savings 0 20 20 20 20 20 Surface Water Total 414.4 400 472 592 592 592 Fresh Water 319.4 305 377 497 497 497 Fresh to Brackish water 95 95 95 95 95 95 Ground Water Total 535.1 355 387 418 451 482 Renewable Total 442.1 262 281 300 320 339 Non-Renewable Total 93 93 106 118 131 143 Fresh Water Total 222.5 173 200 226 254 280 Renewable Water 147.5 98 112 126 141 155 Non-Renewable Water 75 75 88 100 113 125 Fresh to Brackish Total 312.6 182 187 192 197 202 Renewable Water 294.6 164 169 174 179 184 Non-Renewable Water 18 18 18 18 18 18 WATER DEFICIT TOTAL * -368 -457 -475 -533 -593 Fresh Deficit Total * 14.35 -7 -84 -280 -477 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Deficit Total * -382.4 -450.0 -391.0 -253.0 -116.0 Domestic ( Fresh ) * - - - -145 -342 Industrial (Treated & Fresh to Brackish) * - - - - - Irrigation Total * -368 -457 -475 -388 -251 Fresh Water * 14.35 -7 -84 -135 -135 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Water * -382.4 -450.0 -391.0 -253.0 -116.0 * Ground water abstractions exceed the safe yield by 25 % in order to fill the Gap. ** The source considered 1993 as present year and it is kept for reference.



Table 3: Adjusted future water supply (resources) and deficit in Jordan up to the Year 2040 (MCM/yr)

Item Year 2000

Year 2010

Year 2020

Year 2030

Year 2040

WATER DEMAND TOTAL 1244 1518 1772 2025 2279 Surface Water 316.0 372.9 467.7 467.7 467.7 Ground water 280.5 305.7 330.2 356.3 380.8 Demand Management Savings 20 20 20 20 20 Treated Wastewater 99 162 230 376 522 Desalination Water 2 20 37 53 70 Domestic 367 489 729 969 1209 Surface Water (Fresh) 208.3 291.0 392.6 392.6 392.6 Ground water (Fresh) 136.7 158.0 178.5 200.7 221.2 Demand Management Savings 20 20 20 20 20 Desalination Water 2 20 37 53 70 Industrial 86 129 143 156 170 Surface Water (Fresh to Brackish) 33.4 50.1 55.5 60.6 66 Ground water (Fresh to Brackish) 52.6 78.9 87.5 95.4 104 Irrigation 791 900 900 900 900 Surface Water 74.3 31.8 19.5 14.5 9 Fresh Water 33 7 0 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 41.7 25.0 19.5 14.5 9 Ground water 91.2 68.8 64.2 60.2 56 Fresh Water 0 0 0 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 91.2 68.8 64.2 60.2 56 Treated Wastewater 99 162 230 376 522 WATER SUPPLY TOTAL 717.5 880.6 1084.9 1273.0 1460.5 Fresh Water Total 377.6 455.8 571.2 593.3 613.8 Fresh to Brackish Water Total 218.8 222.8 226.7 230.7 234.6 Treated Wastewater 99 162 230 376 522 Brackish Water Desalination 2 20 37 53 70 Water Demand Management Savings 20 20 20 20 20 Surface Water Total 316.0 372.9 467.7 467.7 467.7 Fresh Water 241.0 297.8 392.6 392.6 392.6 Fresh to Brackish water 75.1 75.1 75.1 75.1 75.1 Ground Water Total 280.5 305.7 330.2 356.3 380.8 Renewable Total 207.0 222.0 237.0 252.8 267.8 Non-Renewable Total 73.5 83.7 93.2 103.5 113.0 Fresh Water Total 136.7 158.0 178.5 200.7 221.2 Renewable Water 77.4 88.5 99.5 111.4 122.5 Non-Renewable Water 59.3 69.5 79.0 89.3 98.8 Fresh to Brackish Total 143.8 147.7 151.7 155.6 159.6 Renewable Water 129.6 133.5 137.5 141.4 145.4 Non-Renewable Water 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 WATER DEFICIT TOTAL -526.6 -637.4 -687.1 -752.0 -818.5 Fresh Deficit Total -86.0 -128.2 -135.0 -437.7 -640.2 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Deficit Total -440.5 -509.2 -451.3 -314.3 -178.4 Domestic ( Fresh ) - - -100.83 -302.71 -505.17 Industrial (Treated & Fresh to Brackish) - - - - - Irrigation Total -527 -637 -586 -449 -313 Fresh Water -86.0 -128.2 -135.0 -135.0 -135.0 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Water -440.5 -509.2 -451.3 -314.3 -178.4



1.1.4 Management Measures Table 4 presents the water resources management measures adopted in Jordan as extracted from the Water Action Plan and the following policies:

• Water Utility Policy (July 1997); • Groundwater Management Policy (February 1998); • Irrigation Water Policy (February 1998);and • Wastewater Management Policy (June 1998).

Management measures adopted by the Kingdom are presented in Figure 2 that summarises the actions required to manage the water scarcity in Jordan. Present Year 2020

• Demand

• Municipal Increasing • Industrial and Touristic use Increasing • Irrigation use X Needs to be decreased

• Supply

• Conventional Surface Water To be developed • Conventional Groundwater X To be stabilised at

current level or reduced to enhance quality and storage • Fossil Groundwater To be extracted • Treated Wastewater Effluent To be reused • Brackish Groundwater To be extracted • Seawater Desalination Future option • Regional Water Future option

Figure 2: Actions required for management of water scarcity


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1.1.5 Investments The “Water Sector Planning and Associated Investment Program 2002-2011” (MWI, 2002) compiled the water sector planning and investment projects over the period 2002-2011 as response to the importance of water for all aspects of economic and social development. The program outlined that no single action can remedy the country’s water shortages; rather many complementary actions are necessary to increase overall water availability. Priority criterion for projects implementation shall be based on:

• Economic, social, and environmental considerations; • Critical Path; and • Sustainability in the light of:

• National water balance; and • Economic, social, and environmental opportunity cost of forgone alternative uses

of water. This could be facilitated by the following projects as assumed by the report:

• Tapping the Disi aquifer for Amman demand centre; • Exchanges of consumption between highland cities and agriculture to replace

Yarmouk River freshwater by treated wastewater; • Wehdeh Dam and Wadi Mujib system; • Hisban/Zara Ma’in brackish water desalination; • Peace Treaty waters; and • Losses reduction in Greater Amman and other cities networks.

According to Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) Investment Program 2002-2006, Disi water is part of the year 2005, the year of full utilisation regarding the freshwater resources, and the project is needed to lessen the impacts of groundwater over-abstraction. The above projects will reduce the groundwater abstraction for municipal and industrial use by 36 MCM for the period 1998 to 2010 and by 25 MCM for longer period 1998 to 2020, as outlined by the World Bank report (2001). In the same time, the wastewater reuse can be increased from 67 MCM in the year 1998 to 232 MCM in the year 2020. Therefore, the reduction in the renewable groundwater abstraction for all uses can reach 122 MCM per year by the year 2020. This will ease the pressure on the Highland aquifers in order to reduce the overdraft and to protect them from salinisation or other types of irreversible damages. According to the Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development (GTZ, 1997), indicates that the development of national water resources will contribute to bridging the water gap but still it is insufficient to cover the growing water deficit in the region. Therefore, additional new water has to be provided. Water imports from areas outside the region by land and/or sea and desalination of sea water using single seashore plants or the intersea project (Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project) are the main options for supplementing the available conventional water in Jordan and the region. The assessment of the different potential options to meet the future demand has considered the technical and economic/financial aspects, as well as the environmental impacts, and socio-economic impacts and the broad political implications. Sea water desalination seems to be the most suitable development option according to the prevailing conditions and available data.



2 PROPOSED PROJECT Rapid population increase in the main cities of Amman, Zarqa and Irbid has placed unprecedented demands on water resources. Total demand is approaching one billion cubic meters per year, which approximates the limits of Jordan's renewable and economically developable water resources. Current demands in many areas, particularly in Amman, have not been met satisfactorily and the costs of developing new water resources are rising rapidly. Although the water sector has been given high priority in all socio-economic development plans since early 1970's, the situation was complicated by the turmoil in the region and the compulsory migration of significant numbers of people to Jordan from other Arab Countries. Disi is a fossil water aquifer extending from the southern edge of the Dead Sea in Jordan to Tabuk area in northwest Saudi Arabia. Significant exploitation of the Jordanian part of the aquifer started in 1980. At present Aqaba city is provided with 16.5 MCM for domestic purposes and. agriculture is consuming 75 MCM. The binding agreement between the Government of Jordan and the four agricultural companies working in the area indicated that water abstraction from Disi aquifer should not exceed 91 MCM per annum. This use will be terminated in 2011 when the current agreements with these companies will expire. Extensive hydro-geological studies carried out by the MWI indicated that additional 100-120 MCM can be drawn from the Disi aquifer for use in Amman to reduce pressure on renewable ground water resources in the highland region. Economic and technical feasibility studies of the conveying Disi water to Amman via a pipeline have been extensively studied by Harza Group in 1998 including three alignment alternatives. The pipeline alignment has been re-evaluated by Brown and Root in 2002 and readjusted in 2003 to avoid as far as possible private land acquisition. Capital and operation and maintenance costs have also been reconsidered in the light of new pricing schedule. The newly adjusted design will in most part of the project follow the alignment of the desert highway from Disi to Amman. 2.1 Origin and Scope The Disi-Mudawarra to Amman Water Conveyance System project has been conceived by the Water Authority of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The main objective of the project is to convey additional water to Greater Amman Area from the Disi aquifer, to meet the urgent municipal requirements. The Disi project is important and of priority because it provides a reliable source of high quality water that is essential to cover part of the freshwater gap in Jordan’s supply-demand balancing process. At the same time it would not close the country’s growing water gap which requires either the development of non-traditional water resources or additional resources to be imported into the country. The Disi water will form the major portion of the extra water that is planned to partially replace the low quality groundwater consumed domestically in Amman. This issue is of high importance when considering that all the produced wastewater in Amman is directed towards the biggest treatment plant in Jordan As-Samra plant. This in turn will help in upgrading the quality of the treated wastewater, which is stored in King Talal Reservoir and used to fill to some extent the irrigation water urgent needs in Middle Jordan Valley. This project will be executed on a Build, Operate, Transfer (BOT) basis. The Contractor will own and operate the project for a duration of 40 years after which the ownership of the project will be transferred to the Government of Jordan who will then continue to operate the project. However, in the BOT contract, the source of water is not specified to be the Disi Aquifer. The Conveyor is designed for a life-time that exceeds 50 years, but the Government of Jordan has kept its right to



stop the use of Disi water at any time during those 40 years and use the Conveyor to convey desalinated water from Red Sea at Aqaba. This implies that the Disi conveyor is designed to serve as a “Southern National Carrier” for Jordan. The source of the conveyed water will be the Disi aquifer only until it becomes feasible for the Government of Jordan to develop a major sea water desalination plant at Aqaba city. 2.2 Location Jordan is located within the eastern margins of the Mediterranean climatic zone of the eastern Mediterranean. However, much of Jordan can be classified as semi-desert, with only the western high lands enjoying a Mediterranean climate. In the highlands, the climate is relatively temperate. In the desert the temperature may reach more than 40 °C. In the Jordan Valley, Wadi Araba and Aqaba region the temperature may rise to 45 °C in summer, while in winter the temperature in those areas falls to few degrees above zero. Over 95% of the land area in Jordan has an annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, while only about 2% has more than 350 mm/year rainfall. Snowfall most frequently occurs on the higher hills. The potential evaporation rates range from about 1,600mm/year in the extreme north-western edges in Jordan to more than 4,000 mm/year in the Aqaba and Azraq areas. Within the project area, the geology is of sedimentary origin, ranging in age from Cambrian to Recent. The lower part of the sedimentary succession comprises mainly sandstones of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic age and is represented by three differentiated geological groups locally known by the names “Rum, Khreim and Kurnub Groups”, while the upper part is mainly composed of limestones, marls and cherts of upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic age and represented by two differentiated geological groups, named locally as “Balqa and Ajloun Groups”. The project area passes through two major geological zones. These are the Sandstone of south Jordan and the limestone plateau. The major geomorphologic features include wadis, trough mountains and hills. The structural setting within the project area is represented by a series of intercalated fluting system in addition to another folding system. The project area is the area between the Disi well fields and Greater Amman and comprises Governorates of Greater Amman, Madaba, Karak, Tafileh, Ma’an and Aqaba. The water will mainly be abstracted from the Dubaydib well field in the Disi-Mudawarra area south of Jordan and conveyed to Amman. The average abstraction from this well field will be 100 MCM/year. Due to in evitable seasonal variations in demands, the flow will be increased in summer to 120 MCM/year and reduced to 80 MCM/year in winter. A 325 kilometre pipeline is to convey the water from Disi-Mudawarra to Amman city. The original route of the conveyor was designed by Harza in 1997 to run adjacent to the main north-south highway with the conveyance pipeline situated within the right-of-way of the highway. A more feasible alternative route for the southern half of the conveyance was proposed by Brown & Root North Africa in 2001, where the pipeline bypasses Ma’an city through the desert and meets the original alignment just before Jurf Al Drawish. This new alignment will allow a conveyance of 150 MCM/year with minimum additional facilities in addition to a considerable reduction in the construction cost. The components of this new design are substantially the same as those in the original final design. Figure 3 shows the optimised alignment of the conveyor to Amman.



Figure 3: Optimised alignment of the Disi-Mudawarra to Amman water conveyance system



The southern well field is the promising source for water. The northern source is a standby which can be connected if the quantity dropped below the 100 MCM. This minimises the risk on Ministry of Water and Irrigation and its Guarantor and encourages participation of private sector in the BOT construction project. 2.3 Major Elements The elements of the Disi project can be divided into the well field facilities and the conveyance facilities. These components are as follows:

• Major well field facilities: • Well-pump, riser and wellhead; • Power supplies and standby generation; • Control and communication facilities including associated instrumentation; and • Minor access roads.

• Major conveyance facilities:

• Conveyance pipeline, appurtenances and access roads; • Railway, wadi and road crossings; • Collector reservoir/Balancing Tank and pump stations; • Regulating Tank; • Flow control station; • Fixed and mobile disinfection stations; • Power supplies, standby generation; • Control centres, accommodation, workshop and depot; • In-line booster station; and • Terminal Reservoir.

A total of 65 wells will be constructed in the Dubaydib well field to produce a flow rate of 120 MCM/year. It is expected that 55-60 wells will yield the required flow leaving a number of wells for standby/rotation. If production is to be increased to 150 MCM/year in the future, a total of 68 wells will be required but 80 wells are to be drilled to allow for rotation/standby or to supplement low yielding wells. A pumping station near the well field raises the water from the well field to a regulating tank on a high point some 20 km north of the start point. The water is pumped from a collector reservoir downstream of the well field through a 1,800 mm diameter steel pipeline to the regulating tank in the vicinity of Batn El-Ghoul. The regulating tank at Batn El-Ghoul is designed to meet control requirements. The tank is also designed with internal baffle walls to ensure sufficient contact time for chlorination. Turn-outs at Tafileh, Karak and Ma’an Governorates are emergency turn-outs recommended for operational flexibility as these three governorates currently have sufficient water supplies of suitable quality and reliability. From the regulating tank, there is a gravity flow to a new reservoir at Abu Alanda, southeast of Greater Amman. However, before reaching Abu Alanda reservoir and at Madaba Bridge, the conveyor splits into two branches: the Dabuk and the Abu Alanda branches. The Dabuk branch is an 1,000 mm diameter steel pipe that extends from Madaba Bridge to an existing pipe at National



Park Pump Station and then towards a newly constructed tank reservoir at Dabuk. The Abu Alanda branch is a 1,600 mm diameter steel pipe that flows to an existing and new reservoir at Abu Alanda. From the regulating tank to the bifurcation point at Madaba Bridge, the water flows under gravity through a 2,000 mm diameter steel pipe. A flow control station is located about half way along the conveyance in the vicinity of Jurf Al Drawish. There are also a number of air valves and washouts to facilitate the draining and filling of the pipeline for maintenance purposes. This pipeline follows the route of the main highway from Aqaba to Amman and crosses the highway and the adjacent railway line at several locations. There are also a number of isolation valves along the pipeline. The final design allowed for a flow of 80 MCM/year to the Abu Alanda reservoirs at the same time as a flow of 40 MCM/year to Dabuk reservoir. At these flow rates, flow to Abu Alanda is under gravity head from Batn El-Ghoul regulating reservoir but booster pumping is required to achieve the flow to Dabuk. The conveyance flow is directed to the new Abu Alanda reservoir which is 10 m lower than the existing reservoir. The higher reservoir will be supplied by small pumps located at Abu Alanda. Flow to the new reservoir at Abu Alanda will be by gravity from the regulating tank up to a total flow of 120 MCM. Booster pumping will be required on this branch if the conveyance flow is to be increased in the future. At Abu Alanda there is an existing concrete reservoir of 12,000 m3 capacity with an inlet level of 999.45 m a.s.l. There is to be a new reservoir of 150,000 m3 capacity in three separate tanks at a lower elevation of 983.6 to 989.1 m a.s.l. To the south of Abu Alanda, about a third of the flow is split and directed towards a new reservoir at Dabuk in the north west of Greater Amman. The Dabuk reservoir is higher than Abu Alanda and the recommended scheme is to include booster pumping on this branch. There is a considerable variation in elevation between the regulating tank and the lowest elevations in the pipe route and, to reduce the required pressure rating of the conveyance in the northern part of the route, a flow control station is included. The flow control station has three control valves, each located between isolating valves, plus chlorination facilities, a standby generator and fuel tank, guard room and control/switch room. The valve room and controls are enclosed under an industrial type building. The receiving reservoir at Dabuk is a newly commissioned 250,000 m3 concrete reservoir in operation. This reservoir receives water at present from Deir ‘Alla source. This reservoir will store water from both the Disi scheme and the Deir ‘Alla schemes in the future. To achieve lower head, astute control measures (i.e., a reduction in isolation valves and the introduction of an off-line pressure relief vent to be used when isolation of the downstream conveyance is achievable) will be used. A summary about the key elements of the project is presented in Table 5.



Table 5: Summary of the key elements of the project Components

Well Field Facilities Number of Wells Depth

Dubaydib Well Field 65 production wells (55-60 wells for production and the rest are standby) to produce a maximum flow of 120 MCM/year

About 800m

Conveyance Facilities Characteristics of Pipe Remarks Main Conveyance Pipeline 1,800-2,000 mm; Steel Pipeline

Dabuk Branch 1,000 mm; Steel Pipeline A connection will be made from this pipe to the reservoir

Abu Alanda Branch 1,600 mm; Steel Pipeline

This will replace or twin the existing 600 mm steel pipe from National Park Pump Stations (NPPS) to Abu Alanda

Southern Pump Stations A total of four pumps with additional two pumps to act as a pair and one under maintenance. Each pump is designed to lift the supply through 160 m.

Batn El-Ghoul Regulating Tank

Provide 6 hours storage; 2x42,000 m3 Provides 3 to 4 hours emergency storage

Jurf Al Drawish Flow Control Station

Three flow control valves, each located between isolating valves; plus chlorination facilities; standby generator & fuel tank; guard room and control/switch room

Booster Pump Station on Dabuk Branch

Reservoirs Characteristics of Reservoirs Remarks

Dabuk Reservoir 250,000 m3; Concrete reservoir that is already in operation

Abu Alanda Reservoir 12,000 m3; Concrete reservoir It is a well known fact that this fossil aquifer in Disi has a life span which extends in the best case to 100 years; therefore the Government of Jordan laid plans that include the Disi Project as part of the framework of water management and development of new resources. The Disi water can fulfil part of the water shortage and is not the complete solution for the problem. Even with all the new sources, due to municipal demands being in excess of available water sources, by year 2015 Ministry of Water and Irrigation will have no choice but to find another new non-traditional source, this being desalination, i.e. from the Gulf of Aqaba, to not only meet local demands in Aqaba itself, but also to extend to the remainder of Jordan through either utilising this project water conveyance system and/or the proposed Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project that will include provisions for desalinization of salt water. Hence, there is a distinct possibility of expanding the role of the water conveyance system into becoming a genuine southern water main after its planning horizon, particularly if the pipeline were to be twinned at that stage. Future proposals for demineralisation of groundwater from deep sandstone formations or future Aqaba desalination options would require conveyance to Amman. In both of these cases, the Disi conveyance system would be the obvious choice of conveyance. The Aqaba supply could be linked at the existing collector reservoir at Batn El-Ghoul. This would allow mixing of desalinated or demineralised water with Disi aquifer water to improve the water quality.



2.4 Project Segments For the purpose of this Environmental and Social Assessment Study, the Consultant has divided the project area into three segments. Figure 4 represents these segments.

Segmentation of the Project

Segment A - Southern Segment? Extends from the Well Field to Jurf Al Drawish - Qatraneh Junction (Desert Highway)

Segment B - Middle Segment Extends from Jurf Al Drawish-Qatraneh Junction to beginning of Al Jiza Area (South of Amman)

Segment C - Northern SegmentExtends from Al Jiza to Dabuk and Abu Alanda Reservoirs

Segment A-1 From Disi wells to Batn Al-Ghoul

Segment A-2 From Batn Al-Ghoul to the cross point between Jurf Al-Drawish and the Desert Highway

Segment B-1 From the cross point between Jurf Al-Drawish to the Qatraneh cross road

Segment B-2 From Qatraneh cross road to Al-Jiza area

Segment C-1From Al Jizato Airport bridge

Segment C-2 From Airport bridge to Abu Alanda Reservoir

Segment C-3 From Airport bridge to Dabuk Reservoir

Figure 4: Segmentation of the project area

2.5 Construction and Operational Phases 2.5.1 Project Implementing Organization The Disi Project will be constructed and operated by the private sector as BOT construction project. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation will be responsible for coordination and monitoring of the construction and operational phases of the proposed project. MWI will employ a consultant to monitor various activities during construction as well as monitoring contactors implementation of identified mitigation measures under this study. Since the conveyance system will pass through different cities along its alignment to Amman, it is essential to get the local government involved during the construction and operational phases. Their role will be to help the contactor in getting required local labour, approving required detours for the traffic if needed and assist in previous announcement of areas affected by construction. 2.5.2 Operation of the Project and its Benefits Local labour and technicians will be involved in the operation of the system. Training of employees will be part of the BOT contract to ensure that they can effectively operate and maintain the project once the BOT contract ends and final transfer takes place. The systems will be linked at it final destination to Abu Alanda and Dabuk reservoirs feeding the water supply network in Amman. In addition there will be emergency turnouts along the route as mentioned earlier.



Several anticipated benefits have been identified for this new system including the following:

• Improving the quality of the supplied water to Amman; • Relieving the over-abstracted aquifers by reducing pumping to their safe yield and allowing

natural recharge to take place; • Providing a reliable supply in Amman which enhances the implementation of the rationing

program for distribution of water; • Improving environmental health conditions especially in areas which are getting water less

than what is required by any health standards; • Improving the quality of the treated wastewater in As-Samra Wastewater Treatment plant

which is directed toward the Jordan Valley and used for irrigation; and • Providing and emergency supply to communities along the route.

3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS The Environmental and Social Assessment study for the Disi-Mudwarra to Amman Water Conveyance System addresses the following issues:

• Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework in Jordan; • Applicable World Bank Policies; • Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment; and • Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment.

Public consultation sessions were held in order to determine the scope of the Environmental and Social Assessment and to obtain feedback on the draft study. The draft and final Environmental and Social Assessment were disclosed within Jordan. The final Environmental and Social Assessment will be disclosed at the World Bank InfoShop. The study is supported with maps available on a CD-ROM submitted with the study. The different components of the study are described below. 3.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework in Jordan This section of the study focuses mainly on the institutional and legislative framework, which includes:

• Review of the institutions involved in the management and monitoring of the environment in Jordan, the institutions concerned with legislation and regulation of the sector, and the institutions tasked with enforcing these, with a view to determine the status of the legal and institutional context and to assess the environmental management capacity of the Kingdom, in particular those of relevance to the project.

• Highlight salient features of Jordan’s environmental management capacity, in particular factors that affect the implementation of the project.



3.2 Applicable World Bank Policies This section of the Environmental and Social Assessment addresses the set of policies and procedures that guide the operations of the World Bank and that are set out in the Bank's Operational Manual. It also indicates what safeguard policies are applicable to the proposed project. 3.3 Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment The following is a short description of the issues addressed in the Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment: Section 1 of the Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment presents a detailed literature review and discusses Jordan water resources with and without the new resource of Disi aquifer, which is a non-renewable water resource of high quality. This section also addresses, on a geographical basis the current conditions and implications of not developing the using of Disi water. In Section 2 of the Water Environmental and Social Assessment, a detailed review of Jordan’s water resources is provided with respect to three main issues, which are supply-demand balancing, impacts, and alternatives. In this section, the Consultant provides a review and assessment of the water supply and demand issues based on information from the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and available information on policies, strategies and relevant technical studies for the water sector. Section 3 describes the hydrological and hydrogeological condition of the Disi area and Section 4 covers the hydrogeological and hydrochemical assessment of the affected groundwater aquifer systems and addresses the impacts on Disi-Mudawarra groundwater resources due to the project. Section 5 presents the management plan for the construction sites with respect to issues of sedimentation and diversion of the main wadi sections that could result in high flow disturbance and cause a great deal of erosion. Finally, Section 6 presents the main issues and conclusions related to the water sector and to this project. 3.4 Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment The ESA report is structured to present the following:

1- Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions; 2- Potential Impacts to the Environmental and Social Settings; 3- Analysis of Alternatives; 4- Environmental and Social Mitigation and Monitoring Measures; and 5- Environmental and Social Management Plan.

Each component assesses the project-specific environmental and social concerns with regard to the following major subjects:



1- Physical Environment; 2- Biological Environment; 3- Agricultural Resources; 4- Social Settings; and 5- Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites.

The assessment process is based on the findings from site investigations, field surveys, interviewing affected populations and groups, literature review, and pin pointing sensitive habitat and archaeological sites. The direct and indirect zones of effect were identified and potential impacts were assessed and quantified whenever possible. The impacts were found to be either temporary or permanent in nature. Cumulative impacts were also evaluated and suitable mitigation and management programs were suggested. To uphold the governmental environmental policy, a planning phase to identify the shape and framework of the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) has been completed during the environmental and social assessment phase. The ESMP is structured as follows:

1- Rational and Justification; 2- Planning and Framework; 3- Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP); 4- ESMP Control; 5- Implementation and Operation; 6- Checking and Corrective Action; and 7- Management Review.

Figure 5 shows the Project-Specific Environmental and Social Management (ESM) process.


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3.5 Maps to Support Environmental and Social Management Plan Development of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been supported by maps produced at a scale of 1:25,000 to show the route of the conveyor and affected areas as well as proposed mitigation measures. These are included in Part C of the Main Report. The ESMP is also supported by GIS maps elaborated with a set of topographical maps and satellite imageries. This system is prepared to present the project-specific sensitive environmental, social and archaeological settings identified within the project direct and indirect zone of effect. The presented sensitive sites were linked to information sheets listing the anticipated impacts, proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programs. This system is reproducible and printable to facilitate maximum access by users and adaptability to any change in the plans and/or environmental and social conditions. 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK The Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework study focuses mainly on:

• Institutions involved in the management and monitoring of the environment in Jordan, the institutions concerned with legislation and regulation of the sector, and the institutions tasked with enforcing these, with a view to determine the status of the legal and institutional context and to assess the environmental management capacity of the Kingdom, in particular those of relevance to the project;

• Salient features of Jordan’s environmental management capacity, in particular factors that affect the implementation of the project; and

• Applicable World Bank policies and procedures for the proposed project. 4.1 Institutional and Legislative Framework 4.1.1 Institutions The role of environmental protection within Jordan is divided between various governmental institutions, including the Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (including the /Natural Resources Authority), and the Aqaba Special Economic Zone. Each of these institutions has articles in their respective laws granting them the responsibility to maintain and monitor some aspects of environmental elements and quality. The key Institutions involved in the project, the water sector, environmental and social issues are:

• Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) It is the only public sector agency at present in the region that integrates the management of different water user sectors, thus allowing for a cross-sectoral perspective in water allocation and management. This integration provides MWI the opportunity to coordinate water resources allocation and management, taking a cross-sectoral perspective that accounts for irrigation, municipal and industrial needs.



• The Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) WAJ is responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance of water supply and sewage facilities and the national water resources management under the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. It is an autonomous corporate body with financial and administrative independence. It formulates water supply and sewage policies and prepares water resources management plans. This organization also has the responsibility of supervising the water supply and sewage services being implemented and water protection related environmental issues.

• Jordan Valley Authority (JVA) JVA is the agency acquired the prime authority to plan and implement water services in the Jordan Valley, under the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. As part of this role, JVA has taken measures for strengthened the management for the infrastructure development in the valley. The territory mandated to the Jordan Valley Authority is extensive covering approximately 5,000 km2, and is home to some 300,000 people. The main activity in the Jordan Valley is agriculture with about 360,000 dunums being cultivated.

• Ministry of Environment The Ministry of Environment is the authority in Jordan with lead responsibility for environment protection on national, regional and international level. In addition, all sectors whether government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or the public, have to implement the procedures and instructions issued by the Ministry of Environment. Also, they have to coordinate with the Ministry of Environment in relation to environmental issues when dealing with the Donors.

• Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/ Department of Antiquities

The responsibilities of Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities / Department of Antiquities are to develop and implement the archaeological policy of the country, promote archaeological sites and conduct public awareness about archaeological sites.

• Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

The NGOs provide an important part of the environmental management process in Jordan. Their programs often compliment the work of government, adding to the existing programs or filling gaps in areas where the government is less active.

4.1.2 Applicable National Environmental Legislation To date Jordan has issued a number of laws, regulations, instructions, and standards regarding water management, control, monitoring, and protection against pollution. The following are the key policy and legal requirements that relates to the Disi project: 4.1.2.1 Laws

• Environment protection Law No. (1) of 2003; • Antiquities Protection Law: Antiquities Law No. (21) of 1988; • Land Acquisition Law No. (12) of 1987; • Management of Government Property Law No. (17) of 1974; Leasing and Authorization of

Government Property By-law No. (53) of 1977;



• Privatisation Law No. (25) of 2000; and • Labour Law No. (8) of 1996.

4.1.2.2 Regulations and By-laws

• Underground Water Control By-law No. (85) of 2002; • Subscribers to Drinking Water Network By-law No. (67) of 1994; and • Instructions:

• Water: (1) Drinking water instruction regarding connecting to drinking water and its amendments No. (1) of 2002, (2) Instruction No. (18) of 1998 and its amendments for industrial and commercial wastewater disposal into, and connecting to the public sewers;

• Air: Vehicle equipping of 2002; • Noise: Control and prevention of noise of 1997; and • Occupational Health and Safety.

4.1.2.3 Water Policies Jordan’s Water Strategy (MWI, 1997b) provided the foundation and initiative to formally develop policies addressing specific issues facing Jordan’s water sector. To date, four policies have been developed and accepted by the Council of Ministers. These policies are:

1- Groundwater Management; 2- Irrigation Water; 3- Water Utility; and 4- Wastewater Management.

4.1.2.4 Occupational Health and Safety The following are the applicable instructions concerning “Occupational Health and Safety”:

• Initial Check-up for Workers at Corporations of 1999; • Regular Check-up for Workers at Corporations of 1999; and • Protection of Employees and Workers against Risks Associated with Work of 1998.

4.2 Applicable Policies of the World Bank The operations of the World Bank are guided by a comprehensive set of policies and procedures, dealing with the Bank's core development objectives and goals, the instruments for pursuing them, and specific requirements for Bank financed operations. This is set out in the Bank's Operational Manual.



The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of the project to help ensure that it is environmentally sound and sustainable. The Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment of January 1999 applies to the proposed project. The proposed project, and in accordance to WB environmental screening criteria, is classified as Category A1. With respect to Safeguard Policies, the following policies are applicable to the proposed project: Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment seeks to ensure sound and sustainable environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for the World Bank for financing in order to assist in decision making. Such an EA should be initiated as early as possible in project processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses of a proposed project. Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported infrastructure and other development projects take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society. Operational Policy Note 11.03: Cultural Property is to avoid, or mitigate, adverse impacts on cultural resources from development projects that the World Bank finances. Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement is triggered in situations involving involuntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Operational Directive 4.20: Indigenous Peoples, underscores the need for Borrowers and Bank staff to identify indigenous peoples, consult with them, ensure that they participate in and benefit from Bank-funded operations in a culturally appropriate way and that adverse impacts on them are avoided, or where not feasible, minimized or mitigated. Operational Policy 7.50: Projects on International Waterways, provides that World Bank supported projects involving the use of surface or groundwater resources which are shared between two or more countries include a process of notification and provision of information. This is issue is being addressed by the Government of Jordan and World Bank on a separate basis outside the Environmental and Social Assessment.. 5 WATER SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT The Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment provides an evaluation of the key issues in the sector and places the proposed investment project in this broader context. 5.1 Baseline Data Regarding the Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment, the water sector team collected the data from the following sources:

1 (a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental

impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary, elements of the other instruments referred to in para. 7.



• References listed in the Terms of Reference and other references which could be the most reliable and accurate sources. These are:

• 1997 Water Utility Policy (GOJ); • 1998 Irrigation Water Policy (GOJ); • 1998 Wastewater Management Policy (GOJ); • 1997 Jordan Water Sector Review (2 Volumes) (World Bank);∗ • 2001 Jordan Water Sector Review Update (World Bank);* • 2002 Water Sector Planning and Associated Investment Program, 2002-2011

(GOJ);* • Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) Water Sector Action Plan 2002-2006; • Final Study for Water Sector Master Plan (JICA); • 1997 Jordan’s Water Strategy; • 1998 Groundwater Management Policy; • 1988 Jordan Water Resources Sector Study (World Bank); and • 1997 Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development

(GTZ). • The open files of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI).

In addition, the water sector team and the project manager worked together on the GTZ 1997 Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development and they had communication with the key personnel in the Ministry of Water and Irrigation through a Steering Committee. The present Minister was a member in that steering committee. Therefore, the water sector team studied Jordan’s water resources together with the key persons in the Ministry of Water and Irrigation through the scheduled meetings and benefited from their valuable comments. 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives in the Water Sector Jordan’s water condition has been the reviewed at a variety of levels, examined during the development of projects and is the subject of many studies over the last thirty years. This is due to the real scarcity of water in Jordan and the complex management issues that this raises. Figure 6 presents the estimated year 2000 per capita withdrawal for Jordan compared with countries inside and outside the region. Figure 6 shows that USA withdrawal is more than 10 folds that of Jordan. Even Israel is about 2 folds of that of Jordan. Jordan is considered to be one of the poorest countries in water resources in the world.

∗ The document contains key analytical data for Jordan’s water sector.



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(Source: www.worldwater.org/table2) Disi water could be provided for the present and near future a source of relief that would be key to water problem in Jordan. The former statement is important but at the same time can give a wrong impression about the crucial water situation. The following text will explain in details what kind of options and alternatives Jordan can adopt. The global picture, sometimes is more important than the fine details, therefore, Table 6 is developed to give sharp and direct picture with respect to:

• Implications of no action alternative, which reflects the main impacts of Jordan’s water scarcity;

• Current and Proposed Actions without Disi Project, which explain Jordan’s efforts to relief the water problem;

• Cost Effectiveness to check the action against cost affordability now and near future; • Satisfying Future Demand to check the action supplying water; and • Sufficiency to check the action for fulfilling the future water deficit.


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S-28

C

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Water resources in Jordan could be the scarcest resource in the world. Jordanians, whether public or government, are acting accordingly and using wisely each drop of water over the arid to semi arid country. The water shortage has been continuously worse, which has forced Jordan to work hard in order to develop all potential water supplies both conventional and non-conventional. These supplies could be divided according to different categories, such as:

• According to supply source:

• Conventional water Surface water; Groundwater

Renewable Non-renewable;

Demand management savings; and Treated wastewater reuse.

• Non-conventional water

Marginal water Fresh to Brackish Grey water;

Desalination water Brackish groundwater desalination Sea water desalination.

• Regional water

Inter-Sea project (Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project); and Import water from outside the region.

• Dry water as import of grains and other agriculture products.

The conventional waters are the most developed sources in Jordan due to the low investment cost required for such development. This fact created an impact on the renewable groundwater, which leads to over exploitation of the source beyond its safe yield. Tapping shallow aquifers requires the lowest investment cost, which leads to salinity of the aquifer and high drawdown. The other source which is close to that is the surface water, which can be divided mainly into two parts:

• Internationally Shared water-Yarmouk and Jordan Rivers; and • National Water-Rivers, Streams and Wadis in Jordan.

Shared water was developed further through treaties and negotiations with Syria and Israel, which lead to execution (or on the way) of the following projects:

• Adassiya Diversion Weir to increase the supply through the tunnel to the King Abdullah Canal (completed in 2001);

• Adassiya pond (ongoing project) to capture flood water from catchment in-between Wehdeh Dam and Adassiya; and

• Wehdeh Dam (ongoing project) to capture flood water from Yarmouk upper catchment.



Streams and wadis in Jordan are considered as potential surface water resources and Jordan is acting accordingly to save each drop of water. This savings are subjected to feasibility studies for all viable issues such as environmental and social issues, technical feasibility, economic feasibility, and others. Demand management savings could be the cheapest source of water according to many studies (as an example GTZ 1997). The cubic meter of water could cost as low as 20 cents. Demand management needs low investment and eases the running cost. Therefore, Jordan considers this option with high priority. Over the years the Ministry of Water and Irrigation has undertaken and continues to undertake with the support of Donors a wide range of actions to support water demand management through technical, pricing and education/awareness programs. The social constrains make the reduction of the agricultural demand too sensitive to tackle. Jordan has no other alternative but to cut from fresh water and to replace it with treated wastewater. This option was implemented with high care due to its environmental impact issues and the need to avoid health risks. The treated wastewater could be the future potential source for agricultural uses. Jordan is working hard to develop these options, which cannot close the gap between the demand and supply but only reduce it. A schematic figure was prepared to give a clear picture of these options as shown in Figure 7. Accordingly, Jordan has started to develop the non-conventional waters, such as using marginal water for irrigation and desalination water for selected domestic uses. The first large-scale desalination plant soon will supply Amman and the Dead Sea resorts with domestic water. Table 7 presents the planned water development projects, which reflects Jordan’s enormous plans to bridge the water gap.



Water Demand

Water Supply

Wat

er D

efic

it

Water Management SavingsLeakage Reduction

Disi Water

Fresh to Brackish (Marginal) Water

Brackish Water DesalinationTreated Wastewater

Reuse

Imported Water From outside the Region Intersea Water

Red-Dead Sea Project

Potential Surface Water

Dams to be executed

Red Sea Shore Desalination

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Unresolved Water Deficit

Potential Groundwater

Figure 7: Jordan Water Gap and Bridging Options


ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

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ND

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nned

wat

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All of the above options will be in short of bridging the future water need gap. Table 8 extracted from GTZ study 1997 presents the water gap expected at year 2010 and 2040. The water demand could be more than 30 % unsatisfied. Therefore, regional projects could be the only solution for Jordan’s future need of domestic water. The intersea project, involving construction of the Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyor, could be more feasible than other projects regarding economy, socially, politically, and environmentally, etc. Table 9 developed by GTZ 1997 study, estimates the unit cost for such options.

Table 8: Water Demand, Supply and Gap for the Base Scenario (MCM/yr)

Year 2010 2040 Domestic 488 1209 Industrial 129 170 Irrigation 1088 1088 Total demand 1705 2467 Supply 1083 1669 Deficit (%) of Demand -622 (36.5%) -798 (32.3%)

Table 9: Non-conventional options for Jordan to ease the water problem

Option Sub-option Quantity MCM/yr

Delivery Point

Unit Cost US $/m3

Total Unit Cost to Amman

Seawater Desalination

Single RO* Desal. Plant

50 Med Coast 0.68 0.97

Red-Dead Intersea

850 Dead Coast Not available

1.01

Med-Dead Intersea

800 Dead Coast 0.42 0.72

Water Import by Sea

Used Tankers 200 Med Coast 0.83 1.12

New Water Tankers

200 Med Coast 1.12 1.41

Large Vinyl Bags

200 Med Coast 0.55 0.84

Water Import by Land

Pipeline from Turkey

150 Lower Jordan River

1.44 -

Amman 1.65 1.65 200 Lower

Jordan River 1.36 -

Amman 1.54 1.54 Pipeline from

Iraq 150 Lower

Jordan River 0.94 -

Amman 1.13 1.13 Pipeline from

Lebanon 150 Lower

Jordan River 0.15 -

Amman 0.68 0.68 * RO: Reverse Osmosis

The above discussion indicates that Disi water is part of the groundwater option, which can be divided into two main parts:

• Renewable-all aquifers except Disi and Jafer; and • Non-Renewable-Disi and Jafer.



Renewable groundwater resources represent the main part of the current water supplies in Jordan. The capital Amman receives its water supply for different purposes but solely for domestic uses mainly from:

• Groundwater basins adjacent to Amman specifically Amman-Zarqa Basin, Azraq, and Mujib Basins; and

• Treated Surface water from Yarmouk River at Zai water treatment plant. The main aquifer systems in these groundwater basins are highly overexploited whereas the Upper Aquifer Complex in the Sara Basin is over pumped by more than twice its safe yield capacity. Similar situation can be said for the Amman-Zarqa Basin. During the last two decades the water table had dropped by tens of meters in these basins whereas discharge of natural water springs had been stopped. For example:

• The two Azraq North and South springs, which were supplying the internationally recognized Azraq Oasis (wetland); and

• Ruseifa and Sukhna springs in the Amman-Zarqa Basin. Additionally, many hand-dug wells in the Azraq Basin were dried up completely. It is worth mentioning that the water quality in these two basins had been deteriorated by the continuous decline of the water table. The water quality deterioration at Azraq basin is associated with the irrigation of the salty water in the Sabkha at the centre of the Azraq basin. The present groundwater abstraction exceeds the safe yield by more than 230%. Consequently the salinity of some groundwater wells has been increased from few hundred milligrams per litre to more than few thousands of milligrams per litre. The groundwater salinity in the Amman-Zarqa Basin has also increased from few hundreds of milligrams per litre in the early eighties to more than few thousands by milligrams per litre at the time being specially in the area of the industrial activities in Sara city. Increasing the pumping rates or even continued pumping with the present rates from these two basins (Azraq and Amman-Zarqa Basins) to meet the future water demand in greater Amman will adversely affect the water resources in these two basins to a point where the two basins will be completely destroyed and consequently rehabilitation and restoration will not be achieved for a very long time. The future reduction of the rates of groundwater abstraction from these basins will result in sustainable yields and booth increase the quantity and improve the water quality of these groundwater resources over the long term. Such a situation cannot be reached unless other sources for Amman water supply are put in operation. The present water salinity of the supplied water is ranging between 700-900 mg/l. This salinity is still within the Jordanian drinking water standards by taking into consideration the upper limit of the water salinity in the standards which is 1,500 mg/l, which is the expected case of future quality of the supplied water if no other resources of water are used to supply Amman. The continuous use of groundwater for Amman will also negatively affect the quality of the municipal wastewater prior to and after treatment due to its high salinity. In order to supply Amman with the necessary water supplies, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation has drilled deep wells in the Lajoun area to tap a portion of the Disi Aquifer. The water quality from these drilled wells is not similar to that in Disi area which is further south in Jordan. The salinity of the water from these wells is about double the value of wells in the Dubaydib area and the presence of iron and manganese in the water requires that it be treated by aeration prior to use



for water supply. In addition, the quantity of the discharge from these wells is lower than those in southern Jordan. In the case of water supplies being provided to Amman from the Rum Aquifer (Dubaydib Well field), which has a salinity of less than 300 mg/l, the wastewater will be significantly less saline which will allow for a better quality effluent from the SWWTP. In addition, if alternative treatment technologies were adopted at the SWWTP such as the use of mechanical treatment, a better quality treatment could be obtained than from the currently used natural stabilization ponds. When combined these changes would allow for the collected flood and treated wastewater in the King Talal reservoir to be acceptable for use on most crops in the Jordan Valley. The Disi-Amman Water Conveyor is listed by Ministry of Water and Irrigation as a PSP project. The proposed project has been given the highest priority by the MWI for construction because it will provide water of excellent quality to Amman at a time when there is great need to reduce overdraft of water from rechargeable aquifers on the plateau. Also it should facilitate the filling of the Al- Wehdeh reservoir even if the dam is completed during a drought period. Besides the Disi pipeline will be an important link in the development of a national pipeline network. Should the Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyor or an alternative water transfer project be developed in the future, the Disi pipeline would be critical for the transfer of water back to the south. This would be done to conserve the Disi reservoir for emergencies or to supply water to the south if the Disi reservoir by then has been fully exploited. Finally, water resources of Jordan continue to be scarce. If they are allocated based on sound scientific information and value oriented pricing, this precious national resource has the potential of meeting demands and contributing to the national economy for several decades more. The use of reclaimed water and water-efficiency schemes must continue to be implemented. Once these fairly traditional initiatives have been exhausted, additional supplies such as desalination of brackish water and the Red-Dead Seas project may become more attractive. 5.3 Potential Impacts Table 10 presents a summary of the potential impacts of the Disi-Mudawarra Water System on the Water Sector in Jordan. The direct and indirect implications were summarised on the basis of using Disi water. The cumulative impacts developed in Table 10 show the importance of the Disi water for Jordan. Figure 8 explains these impacts in terms of enhancing the domestic water in both directions; the consumed water and the resulting wastewater influent to the Amman wastewater collection and treatment system.



Table 10: Potential Impacts of the Disi-Mudawarra Water System on the Water Sector in Jordan

Direct Indirect

Physical

Supply additional domestic water to the Greater Amman Area and increase the share of per capita for domestic demand

Cumulative Reduce the damage in quality

of groundwater in the relieved aquifers where the high water table will lower the hydraulic gradient between the fresh water and the lower quality

Relieve the over exploited aquifers and elevate the water table level in the relieved aquifers

Improve the quality of water in the relieved aquifers

Biodiversity

The reduction in the abstraction will increase the baseflow of streams which in turn would enhance the biodiversity at wetlands associated to the streams

The reduction in the abstraction will enhance the renewable process of the Azraq aquifer and associated wetland as an example which in turn would enhance the biodiversity at Azraq Oasis

Enhance the wetlands condition in many areas of Jordan

Agricultural

Reduce the salinity at irrigated lands due to reduction in salinity accumulated in soil column Enhance soil characteristic

for more profitable condition for better growing crops

The treated wastewater will be of better quality and of reliable quantity again due to the characteristics of the Disi source and the treated wastewater in KTDR will be acceptable for irrigation purposes for most crops planted in the Jordan Valley

Improve the cropping condition in the southern Ghour

Social

A reliable quantity and a better quality of water will have positive implications on health aspects of the society

Increase in the reliability of the system will decrease the losses and enhance the water consumption share for poor households

Improve the health condition of consumers due to reliable and good quality water consumed



Water Quality Enhancement

High Supply Reliability

Increased Quantity

Over Exploited and Exhausted Aquifers Relief

Summer Consumption

Assurance

Wastewater Quality Enhancement

Efficient Wastewater Treatment

Better Quality of Treated Wastewater to be used at

Jordan Valley for Agriculture

Greater Amman Main Demand

Centre

Disi Well Fields

Specific Supply Centre

Figure 8: Illustration of the reason for conveying Disi Water to Amman

5.3.1 Direct and Indirect The Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment identified the following potential impacts associated with the proposed project:

• It would withdraw fossil water from the Disi aquifer and convey it to Greater Amman for domestic water supply and industry.

• The Disi water would provide Greater Amman with access to a reliable high quality source of water that improves public health and overall environmental conditions.

• The use of Disi water will improve the quality of wastewater conveyed to the SWWTP and later to the King Talal Dam Reservoir which will in turn allow for an enhanced treated effluent for agricultural use in the Jordan Valley.

• The use of Disi water would provide an opportunity to relieve the overexploitation of upland aquifers and provide an opportunity for their rehabilitation and restoration.

• Important hydrological benefits would occur to the Azraq aquifer and its associated wetland of international significance that have been very adversely impacted by excessive withdrawal of groundwater.



• Although the Disi project would provide significant amounts of water to Greater Amman it would not close the gap in water demand and will need to be complemented with actions to both mobilize additional water resources and to address demand management especially non-traditional sources.

5.3.2 Cumulative Impacts 5.3.2.1 Disi Aquifer System The impact of the Disi project is centred on the availability of fresh water, which can elevate the pressure from the overexploited aquifers such as those of thee Azraq and Amman-Zarqa basins. Therefore, the simulation of the existing groundwater flow and solute transport models of Azraq and Amman-Zarqa basins took into consideration the operation of Disi Mudawarra conveyance system as “with” and the present situation “without” the proposed project, in order to define the problems of groundwater withdrawal and deterioration in both basins. In order to stimulate the benefits of Disi project on the groundwater resources of Amman-Zarqa basin, the groundwater abstraction of the year 2000 will be reduced by 25% and 50% of the abstracted amount of 2000 after extending the same abstraction till the year 2008, which is the expected date of Disi project operation, and the reduction percentage is simulated to 2050. Reducing the abstracted amount of 2000 by 25% showed that the water level will rise by 15 meters and the water quality will be improved by 4,500 µS/cm (i.e., becomes 5,500 µS/cm). The second part of this scenario is to reduce the abstraction rate of the year 2000 gradually by 50% up to 2008; after 2008, this reduced rate is to be maintained up to the year 2050. The water level in this case will rise by 25 m and the water quality will be improved by 6,200 µS/cm (i.e., becomes 3,800 µS/cm). As for Azraq Basin, the scenario simulated a 50% and 25% reduction of its present abstraction rate from the AWSA wells (domestic purposes). The results of these two options show that by the reduction of AWSA wells abstraction by 50%, the water level will be recovered by 8 meters while the EC-values will stay the same as in the year 2000. Similar value was found to occur in the same observation well (AZ-12) when abstraction rates of AWSA wells are reduced by 25%. This observation well is located near AWSA- well field. But for AZ-10, the water level and the EC will stay the same because the well is located near the farm area. The above detailed simulation has been carried out in order to prove the effectiveness of the Disi water to relief the constrain of the overexploited aquifers. The proposed reduction can be handled and can be replaced by Disi water. As a result of the use of Disi water the wastewater will be of better quality due to the good quality of the water consumed in Amman. This will enhance the quality of the disposed treated wastewater, which will be consumed in Ghor area of the Jordan Valley for irrigation. This could be among the most important cumulative impact from the Disi project. 5.3.2.2 Overall Cumulative Impacts Cumulative impacts include all individual or collective impacts that will affect positively or negatively the society concerned and economic activities during the project life. Those impacts comprise the different stages of the project set-up from construction, operation and maintenance and administration during the concession period.



The policy adopted by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation is to build the Disi Conveyance System on BOT basis (Build, Operate and Transfer). The project assets will be transferred to the MWI following the termination of the Concession Period of 40 years including the construction phase of about 4.5 years. The project involves the establishment of a competent private company with long outstanding experience in similar projects to undertake the following process:

1- Production of 100-120 MCM from Disi aquifer including the digging of 65-85 ground wells;

2- The construction and maintenance of the pipe; 3- The utilisation of the five turnouts to supply the five other governorates with water in case

of emergency; and 4- The Administration of the system through the project life.

The role of the Contractor is to supply water to WAJ terminal reservoirs of Abu-Alanda and Dabouq. The distribution of water through the existing network and collection of water fees will be the responsibility of WAJ. It is expected that the same personnel of WAJ, offices and collection system will continue through the Concession Period. The Disi Conveyance System will ultimately provide continuous water supply of best quality to Amman residential area. It will have positive cumulative impact on the public health in the region as well as on other areas in the direct zone of influence where salinity is increasingly affecting drinking water supply from underground resources. A clean water supply combined with good public awareness will have direct and cumulative impact on the household health conditions overtime. It is expected that substantial decline in water borne diseases will occur as a result of the Disi water quality. The wastewater produced will be of better quality due to the quality of the consumed water. This will be reflected on the treatment process and the quality of the treated wastewater. The treated wastewater will enhance the condition of irrigated land in the direction of more profitable cropping. Over extraction of ground water from Azraq, Amman-Zarqa basins in the last 20 years to cover water shortages in the cities of Amman, Zarqa and Irbid has substantially affected water tables in all aquifers at both basins. Mining of ground water aquifers at Azraq has far exceeded recharge to the extent that Azraq ponds and their associated wildlife and vegetation have been significantly reduced in size and their quality degraded. A large portion of the Azraq Oasis which served as a sanctuary for migrating birds, turned now been turned into desert. It is expected that water tables in these aquifers may be restored to normal within 10-15 years should the present level of extraction come to end. The supply of Disi water resources to Amman would eventually assist in the restoration of depleted aquifers and in the case of Azraq allow for partial restoration of the oasis and its wetland functions. 5.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan The Disi water resource is a very valuable one and efficient management of it is therefore critical. This high standard of management is needed in order to maximise the benefits of staged development of the resource and conveyance system to Greater Amman. (Harza Group-Executive Summary, 1996). In general, it is crucial that the Water Authority of Jordan be equipped with the manpower capacities and capabilities especially to co-ordinate various imminent major projects. As this project is of a complex nature and will also be the largest water conveyance scheme to be implemented in Jordan, it is imperative that a “Project Specific Office” be established as soon as



possible within the Water Authority of Jordan. This will ensure that the competent professionals to be assigned to this office are involved at the outset with the formulation and development of system components of not only this project but also other pending projects. 5.4.1 Elements The Water Authority of Jordan has identified the several elements that can be implemented to enhance the Environmental and Social Management Plan in the Water Sector; the following are some of these elements:

• Implementing the rationing program for water supply all over the Kingdom; • Implementing comprehensive programs for rehabilitation of water supply networks to

reduce losses; • Replacing the fresh water by marginal water in irrigation; • Limiting the water provided for agriculture and preventing any expansion; • Implementing projects for desalination of brackish water for domestic use; • Implementing training programmes for capacity building of its employees; • Conducting public awareness campaigns related to availability of water and its wise use; • Monitoring the water quality at their sources; • Monitoring abstractions from wells by installing meters; and • Prevention of new wells without prior licensing.

The specific elements related to the management of the Disi Project have been identified based on the findings of the water sector study team and the extensive discussions carried out with key personnel in MWI. These are listed below:

• The implementation of the Disi project should remain on schedule and not to be deferred;

• Emergency turnouts should be provided on-route; • Using the Disi water only for domestic consumption in Greater Amman; • No agriculture water from Disi after the end of ongoing contracts; • Disi area and Aqaba will continue to use Disi water for domestic consumption; • After the operation of the Disi conveyor, the monitoring results will be used to

conduct a groundwater solute transport model, which is normally constructed on the flow model, in order to simulate the future water quality changes due to water abstraction from Dubaydib area only or Dubaydib and Batn El-Ghoul wellfields.

5.4.2 Parties Responsible Table 11 below presents the main responsible parties in the project.



Table 11: Parties responsible Key Institution Responsibility

Ministry of Water and Irrigation Development of integrated management of different user sectors Water Authority of Jordan The construction, operation and maintenance of water supply and

sewage facilities Jordan Valley Authority Implementing water supply services in the Jordan Valley and

replacing the fresh water by treated wastewater in irrigation Ministry of Environment Environment protection (monitoring & mitigation) Ministry of Health Monitoring water quality of the source Ministry of Municipal Affairs Urban planning, and solid waste collection Department of Antiquities Monitoring and protection of archaeological sites Royal Society for Conservation of Nature Monitoring and protection of natural habitats along the corridor 5.5 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building The Ministry of Water and Irrigation including its two authorities the Water Authority of Jordan and the Jordan Valley Authority have extensive programmes for capacity building of their employees. A training centre was established where regular training is carried out for all employees and in particular for engineers and technicians to keep them well informed of new techniques and improve their skills in operation and maintenance of the different facilities in the water sector. The objectives of having these training programs are:

• To achieve the objectives set by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation of Jordan; • To assist the WAJ and JVA in responding to their needs by building the capacities and

setting plans for the available personnel; • To encourage and motivate the employees in exerting their best efforts in achieving the

public objectives; • To change the behaviour of the individuals so that they become responsive to crisis events

and able to find appropriate solutions for problems faced; • To achieve best use of available human resources by redistributing the employees in order

to have them in positions suitable to their capabilities; • To provide the trainees with the knowledge, experience and recent methods for developing

their work performance, building their administrative and functional capacities, and enhancing their productivity;

• To assist the trainees in achieving their ambitions towards personal development and advancement;

• To assist in attracting human resources and maintaining them for the longest possible time period;

• To enhance career planning of which training constitutes a main support; and • To assist in finding new leaders in the sector.

The continued use of these training programs and development of special training to meet the specific needs of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation staff involved will be important for successful implementation and operation of the Disi project.



6 PROJECT SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT The Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment provides an evaluation of the proposed investment project including both the construction and operation phases. 6.1 Baseline Environmental and Social Data 6.1.1 Physical Environment 6.1.1.1 Climate Jordan is located within the eastern margins of the Mediterranean climatic zone of the eastern Mediterranean. Much of Jordan can be classified as semi-desert, with only the western high lands enjoying a Mediterranean climate. In the highlands, the climate is cold and wet in the winter with temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero during night, to hot and dry in summer with temperatures reaching 35 ºC at noon and dropping at night to less than 20 ºC. In the desert, temperatures reach more than 40 ºC during summer and drop in winter to a few degrees above zero. Temperatures in the Jordan Valley, Wadi Araba and Aqaba region can rise to 45 ºC in summer, while in winter the temperature in those areas falls to a few degrees above zero. Over 95% of the land area in Jordan has an annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, while only about 2% has more than 350 mm/year rainfall. The potential evaporation rates range from about 1,600 mm/year in the extreme north-western edges of Jordan to more than 4,000 mm/year in the Aqaba and Azraq area. 6.1.1.2 Geology, Geomorphology and Structure Jordan can be divided into five physiographic regions, based on its general topography and geology:

• The Basement Complex area in the southern parts of Jordan close to Aqaba city; • The Sandstone area of southern Jordan; • The Limestone Plateau in the highlands and interior deserts; • The Basalt desert in the North-eastern Parts of Jordan; and • The Rift Valley, forming Jordan's western borders.

Within the project area, the geology is of sedimentary origin, ranging in age from Cambrian to Recent. The sedimentary succession is thick and ranges between 2,000 and 3,000 m formed mainly due to series of regional sea regression and transgression. The lower part of the sedimentary sequence comprises mainly of sandstones of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic age, and is represented by three differentiated geological groups, known locally by the names “Rum, Khreim and Kurnub Groups”. The upper part of this sequence is mainly composed of limestones, marls and cherts of upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic age, represented by two differentiated geological groups, named locally as “Balqa and Ajloun Groups”.



6.1.1.3 Seismic Status Segment A (from Disi well field to Jurf Al Drawish-Desert Highway meeting point) of the project corridor is located within the Aqaba region. The Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea region is well known for being an active seismological region. Between 1994 and 1999 there were 15 earthquakes recorded in the Aqaba area. The highest magnitude occurred in 1995 (5.7 on Richter scale). No serious damages were reported in Aqaba area due to these earthquakes. 6.1.1.4 Air Quality and Noise Level Status The major sources of noise and dust within Segment C (from Al Jiza to Dabuk and Abu Alanda Reservoirs – Amman Area) of the project corridor can be related to different human activities, though no primary source(s) of noise and/or air quality deterioration can be identified. Segments B-1 (from Jurf Al Drawish-Desert Highway meeting point to Al Qatraneh) and A-2 (From Batn El-Ghoul to Jurf Al Drawish-Desert Highway meeting point) suffer from air quality deterioration and high noise levels due to the phosphate extraction and manufacturing processes practiced in the Hasa and Al-Abyiad mines and carried by the Jordanian Phosphate Mining Company. 6.1.2 Biological Environment The biological environment along the proposed alignment has been subject to a field based study program that found that Segment A, in the southern section of the project area, was the most sensitive segment of the alignment from an ecological perspective. It crosses some significant biological areas at Hizma Basin, which includes Rum and Disi areas. The area of Hizma basin is considered an important bird area in Jordan and is highlighted as an important area for conservation. The Jordanian desert, on the other hand, enjoys special ecological characteristics and supports a wide variety of habitats harbouring diverse communities and offering a variety of migrant bird species the vital refuge they need during their long journeys. Biogeographically, the alignment crosses the four different bio-geographic regions recognized in Jordan, i.e. Mediterranean region, Irano-Turanean region, Sudanian Sub-Tropical region, and Saharo Arabian region. The dominant habitat type in the project area is the Hammada type and specifically the gravel Hammada. Hammada areas are usually devoid of vegetation except at wadi runoffs that can support vegetation. Irano-Turanean (treeless zone) realm is evident at the alignment part that extends along the Desert Highway (Segment C-1) where soil is moderately productive and is best used for moderate herbivory. Substantial green stands accrue at large wadis such as wadi Al-Abiad and wadi Al-Hasa. Saharo Arabian on the other side is present along the alignment that crosses the desert areas of Segments (A-2) and B. The soil is very poor and mostly of the Hammada type with some sandy, saline soils or mud flats. The vegetation is very poor, and is restricted to watersheds and water runoffs where enough moisture is available to support some vegetation. The most common species found there are Artemisia herba-alaba, Achillea fragrantissima, Astragalus spinosa, Zilla spinosa, Rheum palaestinum, Reichardia tengitana, and many others.



The Sudanian realm is evident in area north of and within Disi north of Aqaba (Segment A-1). The soil is mostly sandy. Saline soils occur discretely in this region. There are also hilly limestone regions, the high mountains of wadi Rum as well as the sand dunes of Al-Mudawarra desert in the south. Vegetation is related to tropical varieties like Acacia spp., Cleome africana, Halocnemum strobiulaceum, and Hammada salicornica. The Mediterranean bioregion (C) is mainly the non-forest Mediterranean type that is devoid of naturally occurring forest elements. Human plantations, afforestations and private farms account for the existing tree stands in the area. Various habitats have been identified along the alignment. These are:

• Runoff vegetation that is mainly confined along wadis crossing the desert and offers suitable habitats for a variety of plant species;

• Sand dunes vegetation that is restricted to sandy areas at Mudawarra, Batn El-Ghoul, Rum and Disi;and

• Hammada vegetation, which covers vast areas of the eastern Plateaus of Jordan and provides microhabitats for wildlife.

The southern segment is considered the richest in term of habitat diversity. Three local hotspots for management were identified in this segment. These hotspots are Important Bird Areas (IBAs), which are sites providing essential habitat to one or more species of breeding, wintering, and/or migrating birds. Furthermore, these sites are ecologically important owing to their unique habitats and natural resources supporting a wide variety of faunal and avifaunal communities. Namely, these areas are:

• Wadi Abu Tarfah (a part of a larger Wadi): The area is home for threatened mammals such as the caracal and the desert gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa;

• Hisma Basin – Rum-Disi (Rum area is home for various threatened plant species such as Acacai raddiana, and endemic species such as Cleome arabica and some threatened mammals also inhabit the area such as the hyena, the Arabian wolf, Porcupine, and desert gazelle; and

• The Desert Plains Covering the Middle and Southern Segment. Hammada habitat is wintering ground for specific migratory birds along the palaearctic migratory route, where important population of global important colonies follow this route and utilize the area in winter time, like Cranes (Grus grus). Hence, it represents a major flyway for migratory birds, which indeed considered a major part for the African Eurasian flyway. Migratory birds follow this flyway during migration from their breeding ground in the north and wintering grounds in the south. A more detailed description on these areas is presented in the main report.

In terms of floral diversity, a total of 150 vascular plants were recorded and basically, species diversity reflects habitat diversity and is related to changing physical and edaphic factors along this extended alignment that crosses the four bio-geographical regions in Jordan. Significant plant communities were recorded along the alignment such as the Tamarix nilotica stands along Al-Abiad and Al-Hasa wadis and the limestone Hammada vegetation at wadi runoffs. Acacia stands that occur in Abu Tarfa wadi and extends to Disi and are dominated by Acacia raddiana, which is considered regionally, threatened species; Sand dunes vegetation dominated by Haloxylon persicum at Rum area; and Haloxylon-Hammada salicornicum association at Batn El-Ghoul area.



Faunal diversity was also investigated. A number of endangered animals were recorded and the most important ones indicated. The Hammada provide habitat for a variety of other wildlife, including mammals and insects. Small mammals such as Jerboas and hares are an important food source to many birds of prey. Mammals occurring within the project area include a number of globally threatened species such as the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Arabian wolf (Canis lupus), and Rupelli Fox (Vulpes rupellii). Large mammalian species have always received considerable conservation efforts being highly susceptible to persecution and due to the lack of awareness of the ecological role such species play in a given ecosystem. Reptilian diversity was also investigated and a total of 46 species are expected to dwell areas along the alignment. Three CITES species were identified: the desert Monitor (Varanus gresius), the Spiny tailed lizard (Uromastix aegyptia microlepis) and the European camealeon (Camealeo camaeleon). The Badia represents a major flyway for migratory birds. Considerable proportions of birds of Jordan were recorded to breed, dwell or pass through the Badia. Some of these birds are only known to occur in this area. These areas are also important for birds of prey, including migratory, such as the wintering Imperial Eagle and Buzzards where they rely on these habitats for hunting and roosting. Many raptor species congregate overnight at communal traditional roost sites while on migration. In fall, the Badia provides food to attract migrating larks, buntings, and a wide variety of Chats. Large flocks of waterfowl and wildfowl sometimes feed in flooded portions of Qa’a’s during migration, and it is considered the most important wintering habitat along the Eurasian Migratory Flyway. Over 300 species of birds were recorded at the area, which until recently was a significant area for breeding and non-breeding water birds. Three globally threatened bird species occurring in the Jordanian Desert were recorded. These are the Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Corncrake (Crex crex) and the Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata). 6.1.3 Agricultural Resources Large scale irrigated agriculture has been practiced in the Disi-Mudawarra area since 1986. Four agricultural companies are operating in the area: Arab International Company for Agricultural Development (ARICAD), Alwafa for Agricultural and Animal Development (WADICO), Grains fodders and Meat Production Company (GRAMECO), and Rum Agricultural Company (RUM). The agricultural practices in the Disi area depend on non-renewable water resources, which cannot be sustained indefinitely. Agricultural production process in Disi area indicates an adverse impact in exploiting the groundwater resource from Disi aquifer. The resource is primarily non-renewable and will, on the very long run, be depleted. Moreover, the resource is used to produce agricultural products in an inefficient way. At Disi farms, same level of outputs is being produced with more irrigation water as compared to other places where irrigated agriculture is practiced in the country. For example, wheat grown in Disi area needs 3.6 times irrigation water as much as wheat grown in other places in the country. On average and under irrigated agriculture conditions, one kilogram of wheat produced in Jordan needs 380 litres of water annually, while in Disi area, production of one kilogram of wheat needs 1,360 litres of water annually. The large-scale farming companies will not witness a direct impact until the end of their agreement with the government. Once the current agreement held between the government and the companies expires, two possibilities arise: first, renewal of the agreement and second,



agreements termination. Renewal of the agreement might bring different conditions. The mitigation measures will have to be covered within the agreement itself. If the current agreement is not renewed, however, no mitigation measures are relevant. All four large-scale agricultural companies will leave the production process with a total planted area of more than 40 thousand dunums. As the result of closure of these agricultural operations; the country will be saving more than 34 MCM of fresh water annually. At the same, the supply of agricultural products will loose more than 100 thousand tons annually. It is expected that other irrigated areas in Jordan will cover the shortage in supply of agricultural products. Table 12 shows planted areas and water consumption of large scale agricultural companies.

Table 12: Planted areas and water consumption of large scale agricultural companies Agricultural Types

(Dunums) Company Total Available

Area (Dunums) Field Crops Vegetables Trees

Total Area Planted

(Dunums)

Total Water Consumption per Company

(MCM) RUM 50,000 8,165 5,647 4,000 17,812 13.00 WADICO 12,481 2,728 3,382 50 6,160 4.50 GRAMECO 25,000 4,500 5,800 540 10,840 8.30 ARICAD 21,156 4,933 7,035 50 12,018 8.50 TOTAL 108,637 20,326 21,864 4,640 46,830 34.30 Source: Disi Agricultural Station Total area exploited by these companies adds up to 108,637 dunums. Rum Agricultural Company has the largest area and number of available wells with a pumping capacity of 35 MCM per year. WADICO, on the other hand, has only 12,481 dunums and 5 wells with a pumping capacity of 10 MCM per year. According to the underground water monitoring by-law, the new water tariff for agricultural wells will be applied to the Disi farms. Accordingly, it is expected that the water consumption will be reduced around 30% between now and when their operations will be end in 2011. 6.1.3.1 Water Consumption According to the agreements between the government and the companies operating in the study area, these companies can consume up to 91 MCM annually. But these companies are not operating at full capacity; area planted on average was 41,802 dunum and formed 37% of total rented area of 108,637 dunum. Table 13 shows the annual average of water consumption of the most frequent planted crops by the four companies for the period 1999-2001 in the study area.



Table 13: Water consumption for selected crops as an annual average for the period 1999-2001

Crop Area (Dunum) Percent to Total Area

Water Consumption (m3/Dunum)

Water Consumption (m3/Crop)

Percent of Total Water Consumption

Wheat 8,497 20 1,000 8,497,000 25 Barley 2,863 7 800 2,290,400 7 Potato 15,696 38 750 11,772,000 34 Onions 2,627 6 700 1,838,900 5 Watermelon 1,400 3 500 700,000 2 Yellow corn 2,550 6 750 1,912,500 6 Alfalfa 1,988 5 1,600 3,180,800 9 Vegetables 641 2 500 320,500 1 Fruit trees 5,540 13 700 3,878,000 11 Total 41,802 100 34,390,100 100 Source: Ministry of Agriculture Irrigated agriculture in Disi-Mudawarra area is considered to be a water-intensive form of agriculture compared to the rest of the irrigated agriculture in Jordan. Table 14 shows water consumption (m3/kg) for selected crops as an annual average for the period 1999-2001. For example, one kilogram of hard wheat required 1.53 m3 of water, while one kilogram of watermelon required 0.15 m3 of water.

Table 14: Total, cost, net revenue and water consumption (m3/kg) for selected crops as an annual average for the period 1999-2001

Crop Total

Revenue (JD/kg)

Total Cost (JD/kg)

Net Revenue(JD/kg)

Water Consumption

(m3/kg)

Net Revenue on water (JD/m3)

Spring potato 0.190 0.175 0.015 0.234 0.066 Summer potato 0.170 0.150 0.020 0.206 0.098 Summer onions 0.100 0.090 0.010 0.209 0.049 Winter onions 0.115 0.103 0.012 0.149 0.084 Summer watermelons 0.075 0.063 0.012 0.150 0.079 Winter watermelon 0.100 0.080 0.020 0.150 0.135 Yellow corn 0.120 0.184 (0.064) 0.847 (0.075) Hard wheat 0.189 0.243 (0.053) 1.532 (0.035) Bread wheat 0.121 0.189 (0.067) 1.188 (0.057) Barley 0.105 0.169 (0.063) 1.056 (0.060) Source: Based on data collected from the field and Ministry of Agriculture data

According to Table 14, some crops appear to have negative net revenue, which implies lack of rational justifying producing these crops under such conditions. However, the companies are obliged to produce these crops to meet the terms of their agreements with the government. Several areas of agricultural activities exist on the route from Jizeh to Abu Alanda that may be subject to limited impact; for example, cutting trees, dust on trees, and restriction on mobility. Dust-related problems may be easily solved through water sprinkling. The problem of cutting trees may be attended to through replanting or compensation.



6.1.4 Social Aspects The baseline socio-economic conditions in Jordan have been discussed in detail. The population of Jordan is increasing at a growth rate of 3.5% per annum. At a horizon year 2020, the population of Jordan is expected to grow to about 10 million persons characterized by a young structure. At present average family size is 6 persons. Spatial distribution of the population in the direct and indirect zones of influence has been projected by five years intervals for the period 2000-2020. Jordan is a middle-income country with very limited natural resources, deriving significant proportion of its income from the remittances of Jordanians working abroad and from foreign aid. The economy of Jordan is heavily service oriented, and the population source of income is usually generated from agriculture, trade, transit transportation and small and middle scale industries. The household economy in the project area depends mainly on government and municipal services, tourism, limited agriculture, livestock potentials, small shops and handicrafts. The Gross Domestic Product in Jordan has been growing fairly rapidly from 2,612 million JD in 1990 to 4,597.9 million JD in 1995 and further to 5,767 million JD in 1999. The contribution of agriculture to the GDP declined substantially from 14% in the early 1970s to 2% in 1999. In the meantime, the gap in the balance of trade widened from a deficit of 1.349 billion JD in 1995 to 1.913 billion JD in 2000. Education played a very important role in the build-up of highly qualified professionals in almost all fields of science. Qualified Jordanians working abroad used to be and still are a major source of foreign currency income through transfers of almost one billion JD per annum to their families and deposits in national banks. Employment varies widely between urban and rural areas. About 40% of the labour force is employed by government and other community activities. Unemployment is in the range of 14-16%. Total employment in agriculture amounted to 4.05% only, while a survey of social needs in the project area indicated that unemployment in Disi-Rum aquifer area is around 40$. Taking into consideration evolution in the structure of water tariffs since early 1970s, it has been emphasized that political rather than economic factors have always been considered in changing water tariffs. Irrespective of cost recovery of operation and maintenance, the Government of Jordan targeted the affordability to pay for water consumption by all social and income strata in the society. The cost of water has been subsidized for the first two social panels. Government policies and successive social and economic development programs since mid 1950s encouraged settlement of Bedouins communities in the project area. The Bedouins in the project area are deep rooted in the land of their ancestors. Their life has changed substantially from a Bedouin life living on pastoral areas to settled communities in a number of towns and villages as the result of government sponsored programs and self-determination of the Bedouin populations over the last 40 years. The primary estimates of the Bedouin population in the south of Jordan indicate that they may exceed 35,000. The Jordanian Acquisition Law No. (12) for the year 1987 and its amendments provide a modern and legally comprehensive framework for land acquisition. The process of private land acquisition is based on administrative principles aiming at giving the proprietor and all other related beneficiaries fair and just compensation for the acquired properties with all their legal rights vested in the law. An investigation into this matter indicated that all necessary land parcels or property required for the construction of the conveyance system have already been expropriated and compensated by the MWI. It is not expected that any additional land or property will be



expropriated as a result of the project construction either along the pipeline corridor or at the terminal reservoirs. Permission has been obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in 1998 to construct the Disi pipeline in the right-of-way of the Desert Highway, within the road itself, and when necessary in the narrow lanes leading to Abu Alanda Reservoir. Obviously, it should be stated that all necessary procedures to expropriate private land or to allocate Treasury Land for the Disi project have been acquired. All new expropriation issues resulting from any modifications to the pipeline alignment would be carried out consistent with the provisions of the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARPF) provided in Annex C24 of Part C – Main Report. 6.1.5 Archaeological Resources Assessment The identification of potential project-specific impacts and the development of mitigation and monitoring measures were basically based on the field visits observations. Those surveys were conducted by a team of three experts in archaeological and cultural resources and in environmental management, headed by a Jordanian archaeologist. The archaeological and cultural heritage investigation carried out for the project showed that nine sites are located within the project direct and indirect zones of effect. Within Segment B (Jurf Al Drawish to Al Qatraneh), only one archaeological site was identified which is Al-Qatraneh Castle. The other eight archaeological sites are located within Segment C (Al-Jiza to Abu Alanda Reservoir through the Air port road). These sites are the Press, Area of Cave of Seven Sleepers, Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Al-Juwayda Mausoleum, the Mausoleum, Al- Qastal, Al - Jiza Pool, and the Byzantine Church. 6.2 Analysis of Project Specific Alternatives 6.2.1 No Action/Without Project The “No Action” or “Without Action” alternative would avoid all the potential construction and operational phase impacts associated with the proposed project. Under this scenario no additional groundwater would be extracted from the Disi aquifer for use in Greater Amman. Adoption of such a scenario would allow for continued over extraction of the highland and Azraq aquifers with resulting adverse impacts to their water quantity and quality and allow the continued degradation of the Azraq wetland. The “No Action” alternative would also deprive the residents of Greater Amman to a high quality source of water with increased reliability of access to water, an improved and more treatable wastewater effluent and better treated water for reuse in the Jordan Valley. 6.2.2 Development of the Well Field Two alternative sites were considered originally by Harza in 1997 for the development of the well field; namely the Dubaydib site, which was adopted by Brown and Root in 2001 in the final engineering designs during optimisation of the design, and Batn El-Ghoul site. The first well field is located in the unconfined aquifer area of Rum aquifer and the second is located in the confined aquifer area of Rum aquifer where the Khreim Group is the confining layer.



Using the two well fields in Dubaydib and Batn El-Ghoul can produce the required water quality, and the drawdown in the water level will be less. But due to the lateral lithological variations in the Rum aquifer, the water in Batn El-Ghoul contains higher Fe and Mn concentrations (more than 5 mg/l), which needs treatment to be removed since pumping into a reservoir is not sufficient to remove these quantities. The other problem, which might occur due to abstraction from Batn El-Ghoul well field, is the expected water quality deterioration due to the downward leakage from the Khreim Group (containing highly saline water) as development proceeds. To prevent such a process from occurring, limited volume of water is to be abstracted from this well field keeping the water level of Rum aquifer higher than the confining layer of the Khreim Group. The analysis of both alternatives revealed almost similar environmental and social settings for both sites, and the same kind and magnitude of potential impacts to occur for both sites during the construction, operation and remediation phases with one exception. This exception is related to the anticipated increased accessibility to the sites during the operation phase were Dubaydab area is currently quite more accessible then Bat El-Ghoul since it is closer to the large-scale farms in Disi. Both these areas are remote and similar issues exist with regard to the timing of construction, oversight of construction crews, actions to rehabilitate construction areas and monitoring to control access. 6.2.3 Alignment of the Pipeline The pipeline alignment was primarily designed by Harza in 1997 to run adjacent to the main north-south highway with the conveyance pipeline situated within the right-of-way of the highway. This alternative was amended afterwards by Brown and Root, where the pipeline bypass Ma’an city through the desert and meets the original alignment just before Jurf Al Drawish. This study deals with the Brown and Root (2001) alignment as the final alignment to the proposed project with one modification at Abu Alanda area. This modification was solely suggested by the Consolidated Consultants archaeology and biological diversity teams to prevent the potential direct damage to the Cave of Seven Sleepers and the area of this cave since both are important archaeological and cultural resources, and also to avoid the removal of any tree from the forested area within the same area. The evaluation of the three alternatives to the pipeline alignment revealed that both Brown and Root alternative and the optimised one has more potential impacts to the biological environment than the alignment proposed by Harza. This is due to the fact that Harza alignment tended to avoid remote areas with high ecological sensitivity. On the other hand Harza alternative shows higher magnitude for potential impacts to the social settings along the desert highway since more infrastructure utilities and local businesses susceptible to disturbance by the pipeline construction. The environmental and social effects of the three proposed alternatives were found to be almost similar with slight preference to the Harza alternative; however, in all cases the impacts were found to be limited in their scope with impacts that could be addressed through proper design, mitigation measures and monitoring activities. When economic aspects of each of the alternatives were evaluated the Optimized Brown and Root alternative was the most favourable. Table 15 below presents a summary of the analysis of project specific alternatives.


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-3

-3

-3

Arc

haeo

logi

cal a

nd C

ultu

ral H

erita

ge R

esou

rces

0

0

0-2

-3-3

R

anki

ng

( 3):

high

pos

itive

eff

ect

( 2):

med

ium

pos

itive

eff

ect

( 1):

low

pos

itive

eff

ect

( 0):

No

effe

ct

(-1)

: low

neg

ativ

e ef

fect

(-

2): m

ediu

m n

egat

ive

effe

ct

(-3)

: hig

h ne

gativ

e ef

fect

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-52

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s


6.3 Potential Impacts – Construction Phase The following discussion presents the potential impacts of the proposed project on the physical, biological, agricultural, social and archaeological environment anticipated to occur during construction activities. 6.3.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment The proposed project is anticipated to have impacts on the local physical environment including potential increases in noise levels, dust generation, solid and liquid waste generation, and construction access roads. Also, permanent impacts are anticipated to result from landscape damage, change of natural drainage system and local geomorphology. On the other hand, the landscape damage, change of natural drainage system and local geomorphology impacts were found to be cumulative in nature. 6.3.1.1 Temporary Impacts (a) High Noise Levels The segments impacted by the increase in noise levels include Segment (C-1), Segment (C-3) and the populated areas in Segment (B-2) of the project corridor. The source of this noise level increase will be due to (a) site preparation and different construction activities, and (b) the movement of heavy machinery and different construction vehicles. Within Segments (C-1) and (C-3), the major areas that will be impacted are (i) the residential areas located close to the proposed new Abu Alanda reservoir, and (ii) the neighbourhoods and “service/commercial” establishments located between Abu Alanda reservoir and Amman-Madaba Bridge. Also, all the establishments located between Amman-Madaba Bridge and Aljiza area within the project corridor and the Qatraneh area within Segment (B-2) are impacted. (b) Increased Dust Levels Segments (C-1), (C-3) and (B-2) of the project corridor will be impacted by the expected increases in dust levels. During this phase, increased dust levels is anticipated to result from site preparation, cut and fill operations, in addition to the movement of the construction machinery. (c) Generated Fluid Wastes Both preparation and construction phases will result in generation of fluid waste. This waste generation is anticipated to have significant effect on the project corridor within Segments (C-1) and (C-3) and also the nearby populated areas in Segment B. The fluid waste will be generated mainly by:

• Work force (domestic fluid waste) and the expected amount range between 9-18 m3/capita/year. The accumulation points for such fluid waste will be at the established project offices, camps and storage locations; and



• Routine maintenance and servicing of vehicles and construction machines as well as from the different construction activities.

The effect of the inadequate management of the generated waste will include:

• Threats to public health such as water borne diseases; • Pollution of groundwater aquifers especially the shallow aquifer system along the project

corridor; and • Threat to biological habitats, especially in Segments A and B of the project.

(d) Generated Solid Wastes from Construction Activities Construction activities are anticipated to generate huge quantities of solid wastes, including:

• Sand and rock fragments in addition to metals, wooden and plastic fragments that will result from the different construction and installation activities; and

• The human solid wastes, which is estimated to be 0.5 kg/capita/day in average generated by the project workforce.

Inadequate management practices of the generated solid waste will result in the following impacts:

• Threats to public safety and health especially in Segments (C-1) and (C-3) and the populated parts of Segments B and A of the project;

• Change in the local geomorphology and local drainage system and impacting the biodiversity system in Segments A and B of the project corridor; and

• Threat to faunal elements along the waste disposal locations. (e) Access Roads Construction Establishing access roads might be required during this phase to serve the construction activities along the project corridor. The potential impacts of the incorrectly constructed/routed access roads include:

• Change in local geomorphology and the natural landscape, especially in Segments A and B of the corridor;

• Damage to natural habitats and destruction of natural vegetation, especially in Segments A and B; and

• Threats to public safety and damage to private properties (in some parts of the route) especially is Segment C.



6.3.1.2 Permanent Impacts (a) Landscape Damage, Change of Natural Drainage Systems and Local

Geomorphology The project area is of multi-geomorphological conditions including wadis, flat areas, and hilly areas. Landscape damage and the change in natural drainage systems and local geomorphology will result from the following major actions during the construction phase:

• Unwisely planned construction activities; • Unnecessary damage caused by construction activities outside the project route and outside

the defined areas of operations; • After completing the construction activities, landscape damage and change in

geomorphology might occur due to the presence of untreated borrow pit sites and spoil heaps in addition to landscape scarring;

• The temporary dislocation of the existing drainage patterns; and • Accumulation of solid waste piles for prolonged periods or permanent disposal within the

project corridor. Landscape damage, in addition to the change in the natural drainage systems and local geomorphology, is a major cumulative impact on the physical environment. The impacts of these alterations are anticipated to accumulate and persist even after the completion of the construction activities. The magnitude of these impacts is considered to be medium to high within Segments A and B of the project corridor. Monitoring and evaluation of the cumulative impacts on the physical environment are required to be carried out within the project corridor on regular basis by the Construction Consultant-Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Coordinator. 6.3.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment A detailed description of impacts on biological conditions and their significance were indicated. Such impacts would affect particularly the habitats for local wildlife and the prevalent vegetation associations and species. Main ecological concerns include:

• Loss of habitats particularly at the southern zone (Eastern Plateaus and Batn-El-Ghoul); • The expected increase of accessibility to particular habitats in the southern zone including

Batn El-Ghoul and accordingly maintenance operations and increased disturbance to wildlife;

• Wildlife disturbance during the construction phase; and • Wildlife persecution and/or vegetation cover removal mainly during construction phase.

Fragmentation of desert habitats and the new development if not restored will exacerbate this phenomenon.

These impacts during construction and operation phases were identified and evaluated.



During the construction phase, several temporal and permanent impacts are anticipated. These are mainly due to excavation and drilling activities, increased accessibility and vehicle movement into some relatively remote areas, and human interference. These conditions will result in alteration of surface morphology and natural water runoffs schemes; unavoidable removal of vegetation cover and tree stands (mainly Tamarix and Acacia); disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species. As the southern segments of the project lie along the bird migration flyway and two Important Bird Areas (IBAs), it becomes crucial to synchronize spatially and temporally the excavation activities in order to avoid disturbances during breeding and migration seasons. This synchronization can be achieved through developing an activity programme and avoiding night activities so that breeding seasons are not interrupted and migration seasons are avoided and kept undisturbed. The potential negative cumulative impacts of the project on the biological conditions that are anticipated to result from construction activities include:

• Fragmentation of desert habitats that are already under mis-utilization; • Increased human interference due to increased accessibility to relatively remote areas and

sites such as Batn El-Ghoul; • Persecution of wildlife due to increased accessibility; • Disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species; and • Introduction of exotic species.

6.3.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture It is not anticipated that the proposed project will result in direct or indirect impacts of significance to large-scale farming. It should be noted that the operational agreements for the four large-scale agricultural companies are planned not to be renewed by the Government when their current permits expire. The anticipated closure of these four agricultural companies would reduce the planted area of the country by more than 40,000 dunums with an annual production of 100,000 tons. At the same time the phasing out of these companies would save more than 34 MCM of freshwater annually. Any mitigation activities for the closure of the agricultural companies would need to be addressed as part of the decision and planning process adopted by the Government of Jordan for their closure. Regarding the small scale agricultural activities that exist on the route from Jizeh to Abu Alanda, those may be subject to limited impact. These impacts include:

• Cutting trees; • Dust on trees; and • Restriction on mobility.

6.3.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions Assessment of the project social impacts has been studied in the direct and indirect zone of influence of the project in the project direct and indirect zone of influence. Although the improvement of water quality and quantity in Greater Amman Area is the main aim of the Disi project, people living in the project area, including Bedouin populations, should have the opportunity to increase their income on a short and/or long-term basis by having access to job opportunities either in the temporary stages of construction or in the permanent stage of operation



and maintenance. However, local agriculture, sheep and camel grazing in the areas is anticipated to continue as their main source of income. Temporary social disturbances such as traffic disturbance, disruption in water and power supplies are expected. Disruption in business or loss of income will be minimal. It will be the duty and responsibility of the Contractor to take all precautions and mitigation measures to prevent damages to properties during construction. Cumulative impacts of the Disi-Amman project on social settings include all individual or collective impacts that will affect positively or negatively the societies concerned and their economic and social activities during the project lifetime. Those impacts comprise the different stages of the project set-up from construction, operation, maintenance and administration during the concession period of 40 years. The positive cumulative impacts of Disi-Amman project will result from the reliable provision of high quality water to Greater Amman. Improvement in public health conditions is closely associated with the availability of clean and sufficient water supply. In addition to that, the project will save considerable quantities of water for other domestic, industrial and tourist purposes. The project will provide a limited number of job opportunities during and after construction to qualified engineers, skilled technicians and unskilled labour. However, experience gained through and after construction will provide essential background for the construction of other water projects such as the proposed Red Sea -Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project. The socio-economic development of Bedouins localities can be looked at within the general framework of the social development plan of the government. However, it is expected that the project will have direct impact on the employment level in the Disi area and along the pipeline by providing temporary employment during the construction phase and some permanent jobs during the operational phase. The negative cumulative impacts are minimal. The population increase during the concession period will ultimately increase demand to the extent that new water resources of considerable scale must be explored within the next 20-25 years. It is understandable that a rise in water tariff as a reflection of the rise in water cost will be inevitable. However, the Government policy has always been in support of subsidy of water charges in low social strata of the population. Any increase in water tariff for the first two or three blocks of water use will be minimal. The planned termination of the agreements with the agricultural companies in 2011 will result in the loss of the investments they have made in buildings, non-movable equipment and land development. The production of more than 52,000 mature olive trees and fruits will be lost, while in the meantime demand for agricultural products will far exceed supply due to limitations in land and water resources. An Environmental and Social Management Plan has been formulated and is summarized in Section 6.7 below. The purpose of this plan is to provide a framework for planning and implementation of a number of mitigation and monitoring activities to address environmental and social issues during the implementation and operation of the proposed project. Specialized experts and agencies will take all necessary steps to observe, monitor and mitigate any difficulty that might be faced by the Contractor. The management plan includes also the ways and means to provide employment for Bedouin workers employed by the agricultural companies. Their number is very small and they will be easily absorbed in the project labour force.



6.3.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites Three sites were found to be under a direct threat by the project. These are the area of Cave of Seven Sleepers and the Mausoleum. For the Cave and the area of the Cave, the avoidance measure proposed to select an alternative route away from those sites and this has been accepted by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and incorporated into the project. Thus, the threat was eliminated. For the Mausoleum, it is recommended to prevent excavation or construction near the site. The other sites were found to be away from direct threats. Still indirect impacts or accidents might affect theses sites. In addition, given the high density of archaeological and cultural heritage sites in Jordan, the project will use “chance find” procedures should unknown or unrecorded archaeological sites be located during the course of excavations. The proposed mitigation and conservation measures are understood to be reliable and cost-effective measures that comply with the Jordanian Antiquities Law No. (12) of 1976 and the Regulations of Archaeological Excavation and Surveys. The Contractor should strictly adhere to the proposed measures in coordination with the Department of Antiquities. Table 17 presented the project-specific mitigation measures targeting the protection and conservation of the archaeological and cultural heritage sites located within the project direct and indirect zone of effect. 6.4 Potential Impacts – Operation Phase During the operation phase of the project only the biological environment is subject to potential impacts. With respects to the physical, agricultural, social and archaeological settings, as presented no potential impacts were found to be significant. 6.4.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment During the operation phase of the project, no impacts are anticipated to affect physical environmental conditions except for an impact on the Disi aquifer which might occur due to abstraction from Batn El-Ghoul well field. This potential impact relates to water quality deterioration due to the downward leakage from the Khreim Group (containing highly saline water) as development proceeds. To prevent such a process from occurring, limited volume of water is to be abstracted from this well field keeping the water level of Rum aquifer higher than the confining layer of the Khreim Group. 6.4.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment During the operation phase of the project, various temporal and permanent impacts are expected. These include disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species and other wildlife and increased human interference due to increased accessibility. These will accordingly lead to an increased accidental and deliberate persecution of wildlife. The anticipated negative cumulative impacts of the project on the biological conditions during the operation phase are mainly related to the increased accessibility to the project area created during the construction phase and maintained during the operation. Those impacts are:



• Fragmentation of desert habitats that are already under mis-utilization; • Increased human interference due to increased accessibility to relatively remote areas and

sites such as Batn El-Ghoul; • Persecution of wildlife due to increased accessibility; • Disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species; and • Introduction of exotic species.

6.4.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture It is not anticipated that the Disi project will have an impact on the inhabitants of the area and the locally owned farms on the short and longer run. The villages in the area will most likely end up facing the same water shortage problems, like the rest of the country, once the Disi basin water supply runs short or becomes inadequate to meet the needs augmented by a rise in population and expansion. 6.4.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions The public safety of local residents could be threatened during the operation phase due to the unreasonable actions that might be done by some locals against the pumping stations and the booster units. This impact is concentrated in areas where these installations are located with a special focus on Segment (A). 6.4.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites None of the twenty-six listed archaeological sites within this zone are located within the project corridor, and, during the operation phase of the project, none of them is under direct or indirect threat by the proposed project activities. 6.5 Cumulative Impacts 6.5.1 Positive Cumulative Impacts Business and Services: Cumulative increase in employment during and after the pipeline construction will create parallel demand on local products and services including:

• Purchase of products, materials and equipment from the locals; • Procurement of printing materials; • Furniture and office material will increase as a matter of progress in project; • Administration will have demand on foodstuff, agricultural products and local food; • Industry will accumulate as employment increase; • Demand on services including transportation, fuel, energy and accommodation will increase

accordingly; and • Considerable amount of monthly wages and salaries will downstream to the social

expenditures of a large segment of the population working or benefiting from the project. It



will enhance the economic and social livelihood of the population in the direct and indirect zones of influence.

Restoration of Depleted Aquifers: Disi project will clearly minimize the heavy burden of extraction of groundwater from Azraq, Zarqa and Amman aquifers. Consequently, the chance of these aquifers to be renewed will be an important cumulative benefit from the project. 6.5.2 Negative Cumulative Impacts Incremental Depletion of the Disi Aquifer: The Disi project will mine non-renewable fossil groundwater from the Disi aquifer which cannot be recharged. This use of non-renewable resources is recognized by the Government of Jordan and it plans to partially replace the use of Disi water in the future thorough the introduction of large scale desalinisation of water at Aqaba and through construction of the Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project. Traffic Disturbance: Two road systems with high traffic density will be significantly disturbed by the expected construction activities. Those road systems are:

• The Desert Highway that serves and connects Amman to the southern governorates. This road provides major access for the southern governorates, namely Karak, Tafila, Ma’an and Aqaba, where it connects those governorates with Amman and the northern parts of the Kingdom. Also, this road is nationally and regionally essential to the imported and exported cargo transportation through the port of Aqaba. This includes the phosphate transportation from the mines in Al-Hasa area to the Aqaba Port.

• The roads system located between Madaba Bridge and Abu-Alanda reservoir (Segment C-1). This road system currently suffers from high traffic density being the main route utilized by east Amman residencies and also serves the industrial city in Sahab area. This roads system will be subjected to additional increase in traffic density during the project construction phase.

Traffic disruptions will result from:

• Increase in traffic density of heavy trucks transporting the construction equipment and materials from the Aqaba port using the Desert Highway to the proposed construction stations along the project corridor. In addition, different construction activities will result in increased traffic density and traffic disturbance along the Desert Highway segment of the project route and nearby local road systems wherever construction activities are applied.

• Partial and/or total closure of local road systems, especially within Segments (C-1) and (C-3) of the project route. In Segment B, the impacted areas will include the Desert Highway residential neighbourhoods and the services establishments.

• Diverting the traffic through temporary access roads or by detours through residential areas and congested areas, especially in Segments (C-1) and (C-3).

• The daily movement of heavy trucks transporting equipments and materials along the project working areas.

Partial and/or total closure of the Desert Highway and the Railway at several locations is expected. The disruption will be at four to five locations on the Desert Highway wherever the pipeline is designed/required to cross the road left-right or vice versa. Also disruptions are anticipated to occur at two locations on the Railway.



It will be the duty and responsibility of the Contractor to take all precautions and mitigation measures to prevent damages to properties during construction. Effect on Locals and Employees Public Safety: Potential risks to public and workers safety are anticipated to be significant in Segments (C-1), (C-3) and in the residential areas in Segment B of the proposed project corridor. The main sources of risk are:

• Car accidents and vehicular-pedestrian conflicts due to the expected construction-caused traffic conjunctions and from modification to known roads;

• The movement and operations of heavy equipment within the construction corridor. This impact is considered significant to the up mention road systems and to the Rum-Disi road;

• Deep excavations close to residential areas and open trenches especially in Abu Alanda, Aljiza and Qatraneh areas. The presence of such excavation holes and trenches will be a significant threat to pedestrians, school students in their daily trip on foot to/from the nearby schools and on vehicles and their drivers moving within or close to the project corridor and especially during night time;

• Stored materials including fuel and other chemicals along the project present a threat to the public safety of the nearby residential areas in addition to the safety of the project workforce; and

• Ignorance and non compliance by the equipment operators and construction workers of safety requirements including not wearing protection helmets, insufficient lighting during working at night shifts, and absence or shortage in first aid materials and personnel.

Infrastructure, Utilities and Social Disturbances: The proposed pipe route crosses and passes by a large number of utilities/facilities that serve residential areas in Segments C and B of the project corridor and many areas located close to this corridor. Many of these utilities are anticipated to impose specific constraints on the work design and execution. As a result of the pipeline trench excavations, disturbance to local populations along the inhabited area may stem from the following types of accidents:

• A large segment of the pipeline trench will be 4 m in width by 4 m in depth. It might be hazardous to pedestrians particularly children, unless otherwise protected/isolated by a suitable structure;

• Disturbance to water supply and wastewater services might occur if, by accident, pipelines or wastewater network are broken down. This will also pollute domestic water supplies through local water distribution system (within or close to the incidence site(s)). This situation will (in case it occurs) pose a significant threat to public health;

• Disturbance to power supply is anticipated to occur especially when there is a need to relocate electricity poles far from the course of the pipeline;

• More than 80 commercial buildings including over 350 shops have been counted along the pipeline alignment. Thus, business disruption may lead to the temporary loss of income; and

• Along the Desert Highway from Amman to Jurf junction, the Greater Amman Municipality installed about 60 electrified advertisement boards 6 m by 2 m for rent to commercial and industrial companies. Some of these boards have been erected within the right-of-way of the road. These boards can be temporarily removed during construction and re-erected in a suitable place.



The magnitude of the disturbance to infrastructure utilities varies significantly from one site to another. Still all disturbances are considered in this study and should be treated properly in the work statements issued by the construction Contractor to the construction Consultant and by the work permits issued by the Consultant. The environmental and social registered impacts are presented in Table 16.


ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

6: R

egis

tere

d E

nvir

onm

enta

l and

Soc

ial i

mpa

cts

Zon

e T

ype

and

Mag

nitu

de o

f Eff

ect

No.

A

ntic

ipat

ed S

igni

fican

t Im

pact

s A

1

A

2B

1B

2C

1C

2C

31

Con

stru

ctio

n Ph

ase

and/

or R

emed

iatio

n Ph

ase

1.1

Bio

logi

cal E

nvir

onm

ent

1.1.

1 H

abita

t 1.

1.1.

1 H

abita

t Fra

gmen

tatio

n H

igh

cum

ulat

ive

Hig

h cu

mul

ativ

e

1.1.

1.2

Alte

ratio

n of

surf

ace

mor

phol

ogy

and

wat

er ru

noff

s sch

emes

H

igh

dire

ct

Hig

h di

rect

1.1.

1.3

In

crea

sed

hum

an in

terf

eren

ceM

ediu

mcu

mul

ativ

e M

ediu

m

cum

ulat

ive

1.1.

2

Spec

ies

1.1.

2.1

Rem

oval

of v

eget

atio

n co

ver a

nd tr

ee

stan

ds

Hig

h di

rect

H

igh

dire

ct

Med

ium

dire

ct

Med

ium

dire

ct

Med

ium

dire

ct

Med

ium

dire

ct

Med

ium

dire

ct

1.1.

2.2

Pers

ecut

ion

of w

ildlif

e D

irect

, Ind

irect

, cu

mul

ativ

e D

irect

, Ind

irect

, cu

mul

ativ

e

1.1.

2.3

Dis

turb

ance

to b

reed

ing

and

mig

rato

ry

bird

spec

ies

Dire

ct, I

ndire

ct,

cum

ulat

ive

Dire

ct, I

ndire

ct,

cum

ulat

ive

1.1.

2.4

Intro

duct

ion

of e

xotic

spec

ies

Indi

rect

, cu

mul

ativ

e In

dire

ct,

cum

ulat

ive

1.2

A B

iotic

Env

iron

men

t 1.

2.1

Hig

h N

oise

Lev

els

Hig

h, te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Low

- Med

ium

, Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct.

Low

- Med

ium

, Te

mpo

rary

dire

ctim

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

1.2.

2 In

crea

se D

ust L

evel

s Lo

w, t

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Low

, tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. Lo

w, t

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

.

1.2.

3 G

ener

ated

Flu

id W

aste

s H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

. H

igh,

Te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-63

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

6: R

egis

tere

d E

nvir

onm

enta

l and

Soc

ial i

mpa

cts (

cont

d.)

Zon

e T

ype

and

Mag

nitu

de o

f Eff

ect

No.

A

ntic

ipat

ed S

igni

fican

t Im

pact

s A

1

A

2B

1B

2C

1C

2C

31.

2.4

Gen

erat

ed S

olid

Was

tes

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct.

1.2.

6 Se

lect

ing

the

Loca

tion

for t

he p

roje

ct

Off

ices

& C

amps

Lo

w- M

ediu

mte

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Lo

w- M

ediu

m

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

Hig

h te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct

Hig

h te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct

Hig

h te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct

1.2.

7 In

corr

ectly

con

stru

cted

or r

oute

d ac

cess

ro

ads

Hig

h, T

edi

rect

impa

ct

mpo

rary

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct

1.2.

8 La

ndsc

ape

Dam

age,

Cha

nge

of N

atur

al

Dra

inag

e sy

stem

and

Loc

al

geom

orph

olog

y th

roug

h: 1

- Unw

isel

y pl

aned

con

stru

ctio

n op

erat

ions

. 2-

Unn

eces

sary

dam

age

by th

e co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es o

utsi

de th

e de

fined

are

as fo

r op

erat

ions

. 3- L

ands

cape

scar

ring

lead

ing

to fu

ture

ero

sion

, 4- T

empo

rary

di

sloc

atio

n of

exi

stin

g dr

aina

ge p

atte

rns

Med

ium

to h

igh

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

to h

igh

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

to h

igh

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

to h

igh

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

1.2.

9

Wad

i Cro

ssin

g M

ediu

m to

hig

h pe

rman

ent d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

1.2.

10

Eros

ion

and

Sedi

men

tatio

n M

ediu

m to

hig

h pe

rman

ent d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-64

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

6: R

egis

tere

d E

nvir

onm

enta

l and

Soc

ial i

mpa

cts (

cont

d.)

Zon

e T

ype

and

Mag

nitu

de o

f Eff

ect

No.

A

ntic

ipat

ed S

igni

fican

t Im

pact

s A

1

A

2B

1

B2

C1

C2

C3

1.2.

11

Vis

ual I

mpa

ct c

ause

d by

est

ablis

hmen

t of

perm

anen

t stru

ctur

es li

ke p

umpi

ng st

atio

ns

and

othe

r sup

port

faci

litie

s inc

ludi

ng

pow

er su

pply

line

s

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

to h

igh

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

1.3

Soci

al

1.3.

1 Im

pact

s on

Bed

ouin

Pop

ulat

ions

N

one

to lo

w

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

1.3.

2

Res

ettle

men

t N

one

to lo

w

tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

1.3.

3

Land

Acq

uisi

tion

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Non

e to

low

te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

1.3.

4 Tr

affic

Dis

rupt

ions

Med

ium

Tem

pora

ry d

irect

im

pact

and

hig

h w

hen

cros

sing

th

e D

eser

t Roa

d

Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct a

nd h

igh

whe

n cr

ossi

ng th

e D

eser

t Roa

d

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

Impa

ct

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

Impa

ct

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

di

rect

Impa

ct

1.3.

5 D

istu

rb o

f the

exi

stin

g in

fras

truct

ure

and

utili

ties i

nclu

ding

wat

er su

pply

and

w

aste

wat

er se

rvic

es, e

lect

rical

pow

er

supp

ly a

nd o

ther

s

Hig

h, T

empo

rary

dire

ct im

pact

H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

H

igh,

Tem

pora

ry

dire

ct im

pact

1.3.

6 R

isk

to S

afet

y of

Loc

al R

esid

ent a

nd

Empl

oyee

s, e

spec

ially

ped

estri

ans

Not

sign

ifica

nt

for t

he lo

cals

and

hi

gh fo

r the

pr

ojec

t em

ploy

ees

Not

sign

ifica

nt

for t

he lo

cals

and

hi

gh fo

r the

pr

ojec

t em

ploy

ees

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct fo

r the

lo

cals

and

hig

h fo

r the

pro

ject

em

ploy

ees

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct fo

r the

lo

cals

and

hig

h fo

r th

e pr

ojec

t em

ploy

ees

Hig

h Te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct fo

r th

e lo

cals

and

hi

gh fo

r the

pr

ojec

t em

ploy

ees

Hig

h Te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct fo

r th

e lo

cals

and

hi

gh fo

r the

pr

ojec

t em

ploy

ees

Hig

h Te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct fo

r th

e lo

cals

and

hi

gh fo

r the

pr

ojec

t em

ploy

ees

1.3.

7 D

isru

ptio

n of

bus

ines

s may

lead

to th

e te

mpo

rary

loss

of i

ncom

e.

Lo

w-M

ediu

mTe

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Lo

w-M

ediu

m

Tem

pora

ry d

irect

impa

ct

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-65

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

6: R

egis

tere

d E

nvir

onm

enta

l and

Soc

ial i

mpa

cts (

cont

d.)

Zon

e T

ype

and

Mag

nitu

de o

f Eff

ect

No.

A

ntic

ipat

ed S

igni

fican

t Im

pact

s A

1

A

2B

1B

2C

1C

2C

31.

3.8

Prop

erty

dam

age

and

loss

of i

ncom

e

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

di

rect

impa

ct

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

Low

-Med

ium

Te

mpo

rary

dire

ct

impa

ct

1.4

A

gric

ultu

re E

nvir

onm

ent

1.4.

1 R

emov

al a

nd c

ut o

f tre

es c

lose

to th

e pi

pelin

e

M

ediu

man

ddi

rect

Med

ium

and

di

rect

M

ediu

m a

nd

dire

ct

Med

ium

and

di

rect

1.

4.2

Lim

itatio

n of

the

acce

ssib

ility

to th

e fa

rms

Lo

w a

nd d

irect

Lo

w a

nd d

irect

Lo

w a

nd d

irect

Lo

w a

nd d

irect

1.5

A

rcha

eolo

gica

l Site

s1.

5.1

Arc

haeo

logi

cal s

ites

Med

ium

, ind

irect

an

d di

rect

M

ediu

m, i

ndire

ct

and

dire

ct

Med

ium

, ind

irect

an

d di

rect

M

ediu

m, i

ndire

ct

and

dire

ct

Med

ium

, ind

irect

an

d di

rect

2

Ope

ratio

n Ph

ase

2.1

B

iolo

gica

l Env

iron

men

t2.

1.1

H

abita

t2.

1.1.

1 In

crea

sed

hum

an in

terf

eren

ce a

nd

acce

ssib

ility

C

umul

ativ

e C

umul

ativ

e

2.1.

2

Spec

ies

2.1.

2.1

Pers

ecut

ion

of w

ildlif

e D

irect

, ind

irect

an

d cu

mul

ativ

e D

irect

, ind

irect

an

d cu

mul

ativ

e

2.2

A B

iotic

Env

iron

men

t 2.

2.1

Thre

aten

ing

the

publ

ic sa

fety

of l

ocal

po

pula

tions

M

ediu

m,

perm

anen

t dire

ct

impa

ct

Med

ium

, pe

rman

ent d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

, pe

rman

ent d

irect

im

pact

Med

ium

, pe

rman

ent d

irect

im

pact

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-66

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s


6.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan The project policy dictates that the environment and social aspects are to be managed in the way other parts of the project development are in order to enhance sustainable development. The project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) was formulated (i) to enable compliance with the Jordanian environmental regulations presented in the Section 3-a: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework, (ii) to account for relevant World Bank Policies, regional and international agreements, and (iii) to recognize the relationships between the project with its stakeholders. The key principle behind ESMP formulation is ensuring proper, wise and conscious implementation of the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures in order to achieve environmentally sound development. An organizational structure has been developed in order to enable effective implementation of the proposed ESMP. This structure defines responsibilities related to the environmental requirements raised by the proposed project and responses necessary to cope with these requirements in an effective fashion. The proposed ESMP addresses the issue of environmental awareness and environmental training, whereby environmental training needs of staff at business units are determined for the purpose of designing and implementing suitable training interventions. 6.6.1 Management Objectives, Structure and Responsibility The project environmental and social objectives, mitigation, monitoring and evaluation actions have been proposed on the basis of the findings of the Environmental and Social Assessment Study. These objectives and targets require the approval of the Government of Jordan and other project sponsors and should be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure consistency with overall environmental and social policy. The overall objectives include:

• To promote closer integration of impact assessment into planning, policymaking and overall project management;

• To avoid to the extent possible the occurrence of impacts by the project on the environmental and social settings;

• To minimize to the extent possible the unavoidable impacts; • To restore the impacted social and environmental settings rapidly; and • To compensate for non-restorable settings and for interim disruption whenever needed.

The detailed project-specific environmental and social management objectives and targets identified for the proposed project are presented in Table 17 and Table 18 in terms of mitigation and monitoring objectives as part of the project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Matrix.


ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

7: S

ite-s

peci

fic m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s bas

ed o

n pr

ojec

t act

iviti

es

Proj

ect

Phas

e A

ffec

ted

Com

pone

nt

Pote

ntia

l Im

pact

Typ

e Z

ones

of P

oten

tial S

igni

fican

t Occ

urre

nce

Tem

pora

ry Im

pact

s

The

resi

dent

ial a

reas

loca

ted

clos

e to

the

prop

osed

new

Abu

Ala

nda

rese

rvoi

r Th

e ne

ighb

ourh

oods

and

“se

rvic

e/co

mm

erci

al”

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

bu A

land

a re

serv

oir a

nd A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

, and

1-

Hig

h N

oise

Lev

els

All

the

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

and

Alji

za a

rea

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t cor

ridor

and

the

Qat

rane

h ar

ea w

ithin

Se

gmen

t (B

-2).

The

resi

dent

ial a

reas

loca

ted

clos

e to

the

prop

osed

new

Abu

Ala

nda

rese

rvoi

r Th

e ne

ighb

ourh

oods

and

“se

rvic

e/co

mm

erci

al”

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

bu A

land

a re

serv

oir a

nd A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

, and

2-

Incr

ease

d D

ust L

evel

s and

ass

ocia

ted

incr

ease

in th

e po

tent

ial p

ublic

and

wor

kers

hea

lth p

robl

ems

All

the

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

and

Alji

za a

rea

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t cor

ridor

and

the

Qat

rane

h ar

ea w

ithin

Se

gmen

t (B

-2).

3- G

ener

ated

Flu

id W

aste

s:

The

resi

dent

ial a

reas

loca

ted

clos

e to

the

prop

osed

new

Abu

Ala

nda

rese

rvoi

r Th

e ne

ighb

ourh

oods

and

“se

rvic

e/co

mm

erci

al”

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

bu A

land

a re

serv

oir a

nd A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

, and

T

hrea

teni

ng p

ublic

hea

lth

All

the

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

and

Alji

za a

rea

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t cor

ridor

and

the

Qat

rane

h ar

ea w

ithin

Se

gmen

t (B

-2).

Pol

lutin

g gr

ound

wat

er a

quife

rs e

spec

ially

the

shal

low

aqu

ifer s

yste

m a

long

the

proj

ect c

orrid

or a

nd

All

segm

ents

T

hrea

teni

ng b

iodi

vers

ity e

lem

ents

Se

gmen

ts A

& B

-1

4- G

ener

ated

Sol

id W

aste

s fro

m C

onst

ruct

ion

Act

iviti

es

The

resi

dent

ial a

reas

loca

ted

clos

e to

the

prop

osed

new

Abu

Ala

nda

rese

rvoi

r Th

e ne

ighb

ourh

oods

and

“se

rvic

e/co

mm

erci

al”

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

bu A

land

a re

serv

oir a

nd A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

, and

T

hrea

teni

ng p

ublic

safe

ty a

nd h

ealth

All

the

esta

blis

hmen

ts lo

cate

d be

twee

n A

mm

an-M

adab

a br

idge

and

Alji

za a

rea

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t cor

ridor

and

the

Qat

rane

h a

rea

with

in

Segm

ent (

B-2

). C

hang

ing

the

loca

l geo

mor

phol

ogy

and

loca

l dra

inag

e sy

stem

and

impa

ctin

g th

e bi

odiv

ersi

ty sy

stem

Se

gmen

ts A

& B

T

hrea

teni

ng fa

unal

ele

men

ts a

long

the

was

te d

ispo

sal l

ocat

ions

. Se

gmen

ts A

& B

-1

5- V

isua

l Im

pact

A

ll Se

gmen

ts

6- A

cces

s Roa

ds C

onst

ruct

ion

C

hang

ing

loca

l geo

mor

phol

ogy

and

the

natu

ral l

ands

cape

Se

gmen

ts A

& B

D

amag

ing

natu

ral h

abita

ts a

nd d

estro

ying

nat

ural

veg

etat

ion

Segm

ents

A &

B-1

T

hrea

teni

ng p

ublic

safe

ty a

nd d

amag

ing

priv

ate

prop

ertie

s Se

gmen

ts C

& B

-2

Perm

anen

t Im

pact

s

1- L

ands

cape

Dam

age,

Cha

nge

of N

atur

al D

rain

age

Syst

em a

nd L

ocal

Geo

mor

phol

ogy

Segm

ents

A &

B

Physical Environment

2- V

isua

l Im

pact

cau

sed

by a

ccum

ulat

ed so

lid w

aste

and

cha

nged

land

scap

es

All

Segm

ents

1-

Fra

gmen

tatio

n of

des

ert h

abita

ts th

at a

re a

lrea

dy u

nder

mis

-util

izat

ion;

Se

gmen

ts A

& B

-1

2- In

crea

sed

hum

an in

terf

eren

ce d

ue to

incr

ease

d ac

cess

ibili

ty to

rel

ativ

ely

rem

ote

area

s and

site

s suc

h as

B

atn

El-G

houl

; Se

gmen

t A

3- P

erse

cutio

n of

wild

life

due

to in

crea

sed

acce

ssib

ility

; Se

gmen

ts A

& B

4-

Dis

turb

ance

to b

reed

ing

and

mig

rato

ry b

ird

spec

ies;

and

Se

gmen

t A

Biological Environment

5- In

trod

uctio

n of

exo

tic sp

ecie

s. Se

gmen

ts A

& B

1-

Impa

cts t

o th

e la

rge-

scal

e A

gric

ultu

re

P

ost t

o th

e ex

pira

tion

of th

e la

rge-

scal

e fa

rmin

g ag

reem

ents

two

poss

ibili

ties a

rise:

firs

t, re

new

al o

f the

ag

reem

ent a

nd se

cond

, agr

eem

ents

term

inat

ion.

Ren

ewal

of t

he a

gree

men

t mig

ht b

ring

diff

eren

t con

ditio

ns. T

he

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res w

ill h

ave

to b

e co

vere

d w

ithin

the

agre

emen

t its

elf.

If th

e cu

rren

t agr

eem

ent i

s not

rene

wed

, al

l fou

r lar

ge-s

cale

agr

icul

tura

l com

pani

es w

ill le

ave

the

prod

uctio

n pr

oces

s with

a to

tal p

lant

ed a

rea

of m

ore

than

40

thou

sand

dun

ums.

A tr

ade

off a

rises

; the

cou

ntry

will

be

savi

ng m

ore

than

34

MC

M o

f fre

sh w

ater

an

nual

ly. A

t the

sam

e, th

e su

pply

of a

gric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cts w

ill lo

ose

mor

e th

an 1

00 th

ousa

nd to

ns a

nnua

lly. I

t is

expe

cted

that

oth

er ir

rigat

ed a

reas

in Jo

rdan

will

cov

er th

e sh

orta

ge in

supp

ly o

f agr

icul

tura

l pro

duct

s. H

owev

er,

no m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s are

rele

vant

.

Segm

ent A

Construction Phase

Agriculture

2- Im

pact

s to

the

smal

l-sca

le a

gric

ultu

ral a

ctiv

ities

C

uttin

g tre

es;

Dus

t on

trees

; and

R

estri

ctio

n on

mob

ility

.

Agr

icul

tura

l act

iviti

es th

at e

xist

on

the

rout

e fr

om Ji

zeh

to A

bu A

land

a

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-68

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

7: S

ite-s

peci

fic m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s bas

ed o

n pr

ojec

t act

iviti

es (c

ontd

.) Pr

ojec

t Ph

ase

Aff

ecte

d C

ompo

nent

Po

tent

ial I

mpa

ct T

ype

Zone

s of P

oten

tial S

igni

fican

t Occ

urre

nce

1- T

raff

ic D

istu

rban

ce

I

ncre

ased

traf

fic d

ensi

ty a

nd tr

affic

dis

turb

ance

A

long

the

Des

ert H

ighw

ay se

gmen

t of t

he p

roje

ct ro

ute

and

near

by

loca

l roa

d sy

stem

s whe

re e

ver c

onst

ruct

ion

activ

ities

are

app

lied.

Se

gmen

ts (C

-1)

Segm

ents

(C-3

) P

artly

and

/or t

otal

clo

sure

of l

ocal

road

syst

ems

The

resi

dent

ial n

eigh

bour

hood

s and

the

serv

ices

est

ablis

hmen

ts a

long

the

Des

ert H

ighw

ay w

ithin

segm

ent (

B).

Par

tially

and

/or t

otal

clo

sure

of t

he D

eser

t Hig

hway

and

the

Rai

lway

at s

ever

al lo

catio

ns is

exp

ecte

d. T

he

disr

uptio

n w

ill b

e at

four

to fi

ve lo

catio

ns o

n th

e D

eser

t Hig

hway

whe

re e

ver t

he p

ipel

ine

is d

esig

ned/

requ

ired

to

cros

s the

road

left-

right

or v

ice

vers

a, a

lso

disr

uptio

ns is

und

erst

ood

to o

ccur

at t

wo

loca

tions

on

the

Rai

lway

Segm

ent B

Div

ertin

g th

e tra

ffic

thro

ugh

tem

pora

ry a

cces

s roa

ds o

r by

to d

etou

rs th

roug

h re

side

ntia

l are

as a

nd c

onge

sted

ar

eas,

Segm

ents

C-1

& C

-3

Tra

ffic

con

gest

ion

as re

sult

of th

e da

ily m

ovem

ent o

f hea

vy tr

ucks

tran

spor

ting

equi

pmen

ts a

nd m

ater

ials

alo

ng

the

proj

ect w

orki

ng a

reas

. A

ll Se

gmen

ts

2- E

ffec

t on

Loc

als a

nd E

mpl

oyee

s Pub

lic S

afet

y:

The

follo

win

g sa

fety

risk

s are

ant

icip

ated

C

ar a

ccid

ents

and

Veh

icul

ar-p

edes

trian

con

flict

s due

to th

e ex

pect

ed c

onst

ruct

ion-

caus

ed tr

affic

con

junc

tions

and

fr

om m

odifi

catio

n to

kno

wn

road

s. D

eep

exca

vatio

ns c

lose

to re

side

ntia

l are

as a

nd o

pen

trenc

hes e

spec

ially

in A

bu A

land

a, A

ljiza

and

Qat

rane

h ar

eas.

The

pres

ence

of s

uch

exca

vatio

n ho

les a

nd tr

ench

es w

ill b

e of

gre

at th

reat

to p

edes

trian

s, sc

hool

stud

ents

in

thei

r dai

ly tr

ip o

n fo

ot to

/from

the

near

by sc

hool

s and

on

vehi

cles

driv

ers a

nd m

ovin

g w

ithin

or c

lose

to th

e pr

ojec

t cor

ridor

and

esp

ecia

lly d

urin

g ni

ght t

ime.

S

tore

d m

ater

ials

incl

udin

g fu

el a

nd o

ther

che

mic

als a

long

the

proj

ect c

orrid

or th

reat

s the

pub

lic sa

fety

of t

he

near

by re

side

ntia

l are

as in

add

ition

to th

e sa

fety

of t

he p

roje

ct w

orkf

orce

. I

gnor

ance

and

non

com

plia

nce

with

the

cons

truct

ion

wor

kers

safe

ty re

quire

men

ts in

clud

ing

not w

earin

g pr

otec

tion

helm

ets,

insu

ffic

ient

ligh

ting

durin

g w

orki

ng a

t nig

ht sh

ifts,

and

abse

nce

or sh

orta

ge in

firs

t aid

m

ater

ials

and

per

sonn

el.

Segm

ents

C-1

, C-3

, and

the

resi

dent

ial n

eigh

bour

hood

s and

the

serv

ices

est

ablis

hmen

ts a

long

the

Des

ert H

ighw

ay w

ithin

segm

ent (

B).

The

mov

emen

t and

ope

ratio

ns o

f hea

vy e

quip

men

ts w

ithin

the

cons

truct

ion

corr

idor

of t

he D

eser

t Hig

hway

- R

um-D

isi r

oad.

D

eser

t Hig

hway

- R

um-D

isi r

oad.

Socio-economic Conditions

3- In

fras

truc

ture

Util

ities

and

Soc

ial D

istu

rban

ces.

The

pro

pose

d pi

pe ro

ute

cros

ses a

nd p

asse

s clo

se to

a la

rge

num

ber o

f util

ities

/faci

litie

s tha

t ser

ves r

esid

entia

l ar

eas.

Man

y ut

ilitie

s are

ant

icip

ated

to im

pose

spec

ific

cons

train

s on

the

wor

k de

sign

and

exe

cutio

n.

4- A

s a r

esul

t of t

he p

ipel

ine

tren

ch e

xcav

atio

ns, d

istu

rban

ce to

loca

l soc

ietie

s alo

ng th

e in

habi

ted

area

may

st

em fr

om th

e fo

llow

ing

acci

dent

s:

A la

rge

segm

ent o

f the

pip

elin

e tre

nch

will

be

4 m

wid

th b

y 4

m d

epth

. It m

ight

be

haza

rdou

s to

pede

stria

ns

parti

cula

rly c

hild

ren,

unl

ess o

ther

wis

e pr

otec

ted/

isol

ated

by

a su

itabl

e st

ruct

ure.

D

istu

rban

ce to

wat

er su

pply

and

was

tew

ater

serv

ices

mig

ht o

ccur

if b

y ac

cide

nt p

ipel

ines

or w

aste

wat

er n

etw

ork

are

brok

en d

own,

this

will

als

o po

llute

dom

estic

wat

er su

pplie

s thr

ough

loca

l wat

er d

istri

butio

n sy

stem

(with

in o

r cl

ose

to th

e in

cide

nce

site

/s).

This

situ

atio

n w

ill p

osse

s (if

happ

ened

) sig

nific

ant t

hrea

t to

publ

ic h

ealth

. D

istu

rban

ce to

pow

er su

pply

is a

ntic

ipat

ed to

occ

ur, w

ere

tem

pora

ry e

ffec

t is h

ighl

y po

tent

ial t

o oc

cur e

spec

ially

w

hen

ther

e is

a n

eed

to re

loca

te e

lect

ricity

pol

es fa

r fro

m th

e co

urse

of t

he p

ipel

ine.

M

ore

than

80

com

mer

cial

bui

ldin

gs in

clud

ing

over

350

shop

s hav

e be

en c

ount

ed a

long

the

pipe

line

alig

nmen

t. B

usin

ess d

isru

ptio

n m

ay le

ad to

the

tem

pora

ry lo

ss o

f inc

ome.

A

long

the

dese

rt hi

ghw

ay fr

om A

mm

an to

Jurf

junc

tion,

the

Gre

ater

Am

man

Mun

icip

ality

inst

alle

d ab

out 6

0 el

ectri

fied

adve

rtise

men

t boa

rds 6

m b

y 2

m fo

r ren

t to

com

mer

cial

and

indu

stria

l com

pani

es. S

ome

of th

ese

boar

ds h

ave

been

ere

cted

with

in th

e rig

ht-o

f-w

ay o

f the

road

. The

se b

oard

s can

be

tem

pora

rily

rem

oved

dur

ing

cons

truct

ion

and

re-e

rect

ed in

a su

itabl

e pl

ace.

Segm

ents

C &

B

1- D

irec

t thr

eat o

f dam

age

to:

The

are

a of

Cav

e of

Sev

en S

leep

ers;

T

he C

ave

of th

e Se

ven

Slee

pers

; and

T

he M

auso

leum

.

Segm

ent A

Construction Phase

Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites

2- In

dire

ct im

pact

s or

acci

dent

s mig

ht a

ffec

t the

: A

l - Q

atra

neh

Cas

tle;

The

Pre

ss;

Al -

Juw

ayda

Mau

sole

um;

Al-

Qas

tal;

Al -

Jiza

Poo

l; an

d T

he B

yzan

tine

Chu

rch.

Segm

ent A

& B

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-69

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

7: S

ite-s

peci

fic m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s bas

ed o

n pr

ojec

t act

iviti

es (c

ontd

.) Pr

ojec

t Ph

ase

Aff

ecte

d C

ompo

nent

Po

tent

ial I

mpa

ct T

ype

Zone

s of P

oten

tial S

igni

fican

t Occ

urre

nce

1- F

ragm

enta

tion

of d

eser

t hab

itats

that

are

alr

eady

und

er m

is-u

tiliz

atio

n Se

gmen

t A &

Seg

men

t B-1

2-

Incr

ease

d hu

man

inte

rfer

ence

due

to in

crea

sed

acce

ssib

ility

to r

elat

ivel

y re

mot

e ar

eas a

nd si

tes s

uch

as

Bat

n E

l-Gho

ul

Segm

ent A

3- P

erse

cutio

n of

wild

life

due

to in

crea

sed

acce

ssib

ility

Se

gmen

t A &

Seg

men

t B

4- D

istu

rban

ce to

bre

edin

g an

d m

igra

tory

bir

d sp

ecie

s Se

gmen

t A

Biological Environment

5- In

trod

uctio

n of

exo

tic sp

ecie

s. Se

gmen

t A &

Seg

men

t B

Operation Phase

Social

1- P

ositi

ve h

ealth

impl

icat

ions

of t

he r

egul

ar w

ater

supp

ly to

Am

man

City

Se

gmen

t C

1- L

ands

cape

Dam

age,

Cha

nge

of N

atur

al D

rain

age

Syst

em a

nd L

ocal

Geo

mor

phol

ogy

Segm

ents

A &

B

2- P

oten

tial I

mpa

cts o

n B

iolo

gica

l Env

iron

men

t:

F

ragm

enta

tion

of d

eser

t hab

itats

that

are

alre

ady

unde

r mis

-util

izat

ion

Segm

ent A

& S

egm

ent B

-1

Inc

reas

ed h

uman

inte

rfer

ence

due

to in

crea

sed

acce

ssib

ility

to re

lativ

ely

rem

ote

area

s and

site

s suc

h as

Bat

n El

-Gho

ul

Segm

ent A

Per

secu

tion

of w

ildlif

e du

e to

incr

ease

d ac

cess

ibili

ty

Segm

ent A

& S

egm

ent B

D

istu

rban

ce to

bre

edin

g an

d m

igra

tory

bird

spec

ies

Segm

ent A

Cumulative Environmental and

Social Impacts

Int

rodu

ctio

n of

exo

tic sp

ecie

s. Se

gmen

t A &

Seg

men

t B

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-70

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

M

itiga

ting

Impa

cts t

o th

e Ph

ysic

al E

nvir

onm

ent

1

Con

serv

e N

atur

al L

ands

cape

and

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

es

1.

1

A

void

ance

Mea

sure

s

1.1.

1 Th

e pr

ojec

t co

nstru

ctio

n co

rrid

or s

houl

d be

def

ined

and

pro

per

sign

age

syst

em s

houl

d be

est

ablis

hed.

The

cor

ridor

sho

uld

not

exce

ed 5

0 m

eter

s. A

ll se

gmen

ts

1.1.

2 W

here

cle

arin

g is

req

uire

d fo

r pe

rman

ent

wor

ks,

appr

oved

con

stru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd f

or e

xcav

atio

n op

erat

ions

, co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es sh

ould

be

limite

d as

muc

h as

app

licab

le to

min

imum

are

as o

f the

pro

ject

con

stru

ctio

n co

rrid

or

Segm

ents

A &

B

1.1.

3 C

hang

ing

the

geom

orph

olog

y, th

e lo

cal d

rain

age

syst

ems,

in a

dditi

on to

flor

a de

mol

ition

sho

uld

be p

rohi

bite

d ou

tsid

e th

e pr

opos

ed

proj

ect c

orrid

or.

Segm

ents

A &

B

1.1.

4 A

void

unn

eces

sary

exc

avat

ion

proc

esse

s an

d of

f ro

ad e

spec

ially

at

ham

mad

are

as a

nd s

and

dune

s an

d ut

ilize

the

exi

stin

g ro

ads

inst

ead

of m

akin

g ne

w o

nes w

hene

ver a

pplic

able

. Se

gmen

ts A

& B

1.1.

5 A

void

acc

umul

atio

n of

exc

avat

ion

pile

s dur

ing

rain

y se

ason

. A

ll se

gmen

ts

1.1.

6 A

void

acc

umul

atio

n of

exc

avat

ed m

ater

ial t

hrou

gh sy

nchr

oniz

ing

exca

vatio

n an

d fil

ling

proc

esse

s. A

ll se

gmen

ts

1.1.

7 Pr

ohib

it du

mpi

ng so

lid w

aste

s in

the

wad

i cro

ssin

gs.

A &

B

1.1.

8 A

void

as m

uch

as p

ossi

ble

build

ing

of p

erm

anen

t fac

ilitie

s and

inst

ead

cons

ider

the

use

of m

obile

resi

denc

e fa

cilit

ies.

All

segm

ents

1.

1.9

Avo

id v

eget

ated

sand

dun

es a

reas

(esp

ecia

lly a

t Dis

i and

Bat

n El

-Gho

ul a

reas

) as m

uch

as p

ossi

ble.

A

1.

1.10

A

void

pla

ntin

g or

seed

ing

of c

rops

and

exo

tic sp

ecie

s. Se

gmen

ts A

& B

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

1.2

Wad

i Cro

ssin

g M

itiga

tions

1.

2.1

App

ly b

ridge

-cro

ssin

g st

ruct

ures

for w

adi c

ross

ings

1.

2.2

Avo

id lo

wer

ing

the

pipe

line

to th

e be

d of

the

wad

i sec

tion

to a

void

ero

sion

haz

ard

due

to th

e na

ture

of

the

wad

is a

t suc

h re

gim

e st

age

of th

e st

ream

s. Th

e C

ontra

ctor

sho

uld

plan

for

div

ertin

g th

e flo

od f

low

if c

onst

ruct

ion

is c

arrie

d ou

t in

the

rain

y se

ason

and

sh

ould

def

ine

the

loca

tion

of th

e flo

w s

ectio

n(s)

and

pre

fera

bly

cros

s th

ese

sect

ions

with

brid

ge c

ross

ing.

Ass

uran

ce f

or th

e flo

w

capa

city

for s

uch

sect

ions

mus

t be

acco

mpa

nied

by

a co

mpr

ehen

sive

floo

d st

udy.

1.

2.3

The

Con

tract

or sh

ould

con

side

r and

app

ly th

e fo

llow

ing

cros

sing

miti

gatio

ns:

• Ti

me

exec

utin

g cr

ossi

ng st

ruct

ures

cou

ld b

e sc

hedu

led

at d

ry p

erio

d be

twee

n M

ay a

nd O

ctob

er.

• M

inim

um p

rote

ctio

n ag

ains

t flo

odw

ater

mus

t be

agai

nst f

low

of 1

0-Ye

ar r

etur

n pe

riod

for

dive

rtin

g th

e flo

w a

nd p

rote

ctin

g th

e si

te.

• In

sura

nce

mus

t cov

er th

e hi

gher

retu

rn p

erio

d flo

od fl

ow.

• St

ream

dev

elop

men

t sho

uld

be p

lane

d ca

refu

lly w

ith a

com

preh

ensi

ve fl

ood

flow

ana

lysi

s. •

The

Con

trac

tor s

houl

d av

oid

any

dist

urba

nce

to m

ain

flow

sect

ion

unle

ss a

wel

l des

ign

is c

onsi

dere

d to

min

imiz

e er

osio

n an

d se

dim

enta

tion

proc

esse

s. •

Spoi

l m

ater

ials

sho

uld

be d

ispo

sed

away

fro

m t

he f

low

are

as a

t si

tes

with

no

pote

ntia

l of

sto

rm w

ater

flo

w i

n or

der

to

elim

inat

e an

y se

dim

ent m

ovem

ent,

whi

ch c

ould

end

at t

he fl

ow s

ectio

ns. T

hese

sed

imen

ts c

ould

cau

se r

educ

tion

in fl

ow a

rea

and

site

floo

ding

.

Segm

ents

A &

B

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

1.3

Ero

sion

and

Sed

imen

tatio

n C

ontr

ol

1.3.

1 D

evel

op th

e cr

ossi

ng s

ite h

ydra

ulic

ally

and

ext

end

it be

fore

and

afte

r the

cro

ssin

g se

ctio

n w

ith a

min

imum

dis

tanc

e of

ten

times

the

flow

sec

tion

wid

th in

ord

er to

elim

inat

e an

y flo

w d

istu

rban

ce a

nd to

sm

ooth

the

flow

whi

ch w

ill e

vent

ually

min

imis

e th

e er

osio

n pr

oces

s. 1.

3.2

Dis

char

ge c

onst

ruct

ion

mat

eria

l spo

il ou

t of t

he fl

ow se

ctio

ns a

t site

s with

no

pote

ntia

l of s

torm

wat

ers t

o ca

rry

thes

e m

ater

ials

to th

e flo

w s

ectio

ns. T

his

will

elim

inat

e th

e se

dim

enta

tion

in th

e flo

w s

ectio

ns, w

hich

cou

ld re

duce

the

flow

sec

tion

and

lead

to fl

oodi

ng

the

site

.

Segm

ents

A &

B

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

1.4

Reh

abili

tatio

n an

d R

esto

ratio

n M

easu

res

1.

4.1

Res

tore

as m

uch

as p

ossi

ble

chan

ged

surf

ace

mor

phol

ogy

to m

aint

ain

natu

ral w

ater

flow

.

Construction Phase

1.4.

2 R

esto

re w

adi s

ide

bank

s to

mai

ntai

n na

tura

l wat

er fl

ow a

nd re

duce

ero

sion

. A

ll se

gmen

ts

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-71

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s (co

ntd.

) R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

2 In

stal

ling

App

ropr

iate

Flu

id W

aste

Col

lect

ion

Syst

em

2.

1 C

onst

ruct

im

perm

eabl

e se

ptic

tan

ks f

or d

omes

tic w

aste

wat

er c

olle

ctio

n to

ser

ve e

ach

of t

he p

roje

ct m

ain

offic

es a

nd i

n th

e te

mpo

rary

wor

ksta

tions

alo

ng th

e pr

ojec

t rou

te in

add

ition

to th

e co

nstru

ctio

n ca

mps

, sto

rage

yar

ds a

nd st

agin

g ar

eas.

2.2

Proh

ibit

the

perio

dica

l m

aint

enan

ce f

or t

he m

achi

nes

to o

ccur

with

in t

he p

roje

ct s

ite.

All

mac

hine

s an

d ve

hicl

es s

houl

d be

m

aint

aine

d at

spec

ializ

ed m

aint

enan

ce st

atio

ns.

2.3

Whe

neve

r acc

iden

tal l

eaka

ge o

f flu

id w

aste

occ

urs,

the

Con

tract

or is

resp

onsi

ble

to c

lean

the

pollu

ted

area

.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

3 A

pply

ing

App

ropr

iate

Sol

id W

aste

Col

lect

ion

Syst

em

3.

1 En

sure

max

imum

util

izat

ion

of th

e ge

nera

ted

cut m

ater

ials

(dire

ct a

nd ro

cks)

in th

e fil

l pro

cess

. 3.

2 Es

tabl

ish,

ope

rate

and

mon

itor

tem

pora

ry s

olid

was

te d

umpi

ng s

ites

with

in th

e co

nstru

ctio

n co

rrid

or, t

he g

ener

ated

and

tem

pora

ry

dum

ped

solid

was

tes i

n th

ese

site

s sho

uld

be p

lace

d an

d em

ptie

d on

biw

eekl

y ba

sis a

nd tr

ansf

erre

d (if

not

util

ized

as f

illin

g m

ater

ials

in

the

cons

truct

ion

activ

ities

) to

def

ined

sol

id w

aste

dum

ping

site

s ou

t of

the

proj

ect c

orrid

or. S

uch

dum

ping

site

s sh

ould

com

ply

with

the

stat

ed c

riter

ia a

nd a

ppro

ved

from

the

rela

ted

auth

oriti

es in

clud

ing

the

Min

istry

of W

ater

and

Irrig

atio

n an

d th

e M

inis

try o

f En

viro

nmen

t. 3.

3 Pr

ohib

it so

lid w

aste

acc

umul

atio

n w

ithin

or

clos

e to

def

ined

hot

spot

s, ar

cheo

logi

cal s

ites,

farm

s, re

side

ntia

l are

as, w

ater

run

offs

, ve

geta

ted

ham

med

are

as a

nd sa

nd d

unes

. 3.

4 Pr

ohib

it pr

olon

ged

accu

mul

atio

n of

sol

id w

aste

s. Th

e se

lect

ed t

empo

rary

dum

ping

site

s sh

ould

be

treat

ed o

nly

as s

olid

was

te

trans

fer s

tatio

ns.

3.5

Prop

erly

col

lect

the

gene

rate

d do

mes

tic so

lid w

aste

by

the

proj

ect e

mpl

oyee

s and

tran

spor

ted

it to

the

clos

est m

unic

ipal

land

fill.

This

re

quire

s prio

r coo

rdin

atio

n w

ith re

late

d m

unic

ipal

ities

. The

Con

tract

or sh

ould

ens

ure

the

effic

ienc

y of

was

te c

olle

ctio

n an

d tra

nspo

rt sy

stem

thou

gh n

o w

aste

is b

eing

mis

man

aged

or a

ccum

ulat

ed.

The

tem

pora

ry so

lid w

aste

dum

ping

stat

ions

(sol

id w

aste

tran

sfer

stat

ions

) sho

uld:

- A

void

usi

ng r

unof

fs, w

adis

and

san

d du

ne a

reas

as

tem

pora

ry s

olid

was

te s

tora

ge g

roun

d (e

spec

ially

at D

isi a

nd B

atn

El-G

houl

ar

eas)

as m

uch

as p

ossi

ble.

- A

void

acc

umul

atio

n of

exc

avat

ed m

ater

ial t

hrou

gh sy

nchr

oniz

ing

exca

vatio

n an

d fil

ling

proc

esse

s.

3.6

- Avo

id a

s muc

h as

pos

sibl

e re

mov

al o

f gre

en c

over

. 3.

7 A

pply

rest

orat

ion

of th

e ar

eas u

sed

as te

mpo

rary

stor

age

grou

nds s

oon

afte

r fin

ishi

ng th

e us

e of

eac

h si

te.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

4 D

ust C

ontr

ol

4.

1 A

pply

(spr

ay) w

ater

to th

e co

nstru

ctio

n su

rfac

e an

d ot

her p

iled

mat

eria

ls su

ch a

s san

d as

muc

h as

nee

ded.

Se

gmen

ts (

C-1

), (C

-3) &

(B-2

) Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

5 N

oise

Con

trol

5.1

Red

uce

wor

king

nig

ht sh

ifts a

s muc

h as

pos

sibl

e in

pop

ulat

ed a

reas

. Se

gmen

ts (

C-1

), (C

-3) &

(B-2

) 5.

2 A

pply

the

Jord

ania

n R

egul

atio

n fo

r am

bien

t noi

se le

vels

dur

ing

this

pha

se a

s a

maj

or to

ol in

des

igni

ng th

e co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es

sche

dule

. A

ll se

gmen

ts

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

6 C

orre

ct S

elec

tion

of th

e Pr

ojec

t Off

ices

, Sup

port

Fac

ilitie

s, C

amps

and

Tem

pora

ry W

aste

Dis

posa

l Site

s

For a

cor

rect

sele

ctio

n of

the

proj

ect o

ffic

es, c

amp,

and

tem

pora

ry w

aste

dis

posa

l site

's), t

he fo

llow

ing

crite

ria sh

ould

be

appl

ied:

- Loc

ated

out

side

pop

ulat

ed r

esid

entia

l are

as a

nd fa

r fr

om s

choo

ls o

r an

y so

cial

est

ablis

hmen

t esp

ecia

lly fo

r Se

gmen

ts C

and

B o

f th

e pr

ojec

t. Se

gmen

ts (

C-1

), (C

-3) &

(B-2

) -

Loca

ted

away

with

a s

uita

ble

dist

ance

from

eco

logi

cally

sen

sitiv

e ha

bita

ts, w

adis

, run

off a

nd w

adi

side

ban

ks, a

nd s

and

dune

ha

bita

ts.

- Loc

ated

aw

ay fr

om v

eget

ated

are

as.

Segm

ents

A &

B

- Loc

ated

aw

ay w

ith a

suita

ble

dist

ance

from

arc

heol

ogic

al su

ites.

- Loc

ated

aw

ay w

ith a

suita

ble

dist

ance

from

the

farm

s. - E

asy

acce

ss to

the

cons

truc

tion

site

s; to

the

exis

ting

prim

ary

road

s and

to th

e ex

istin

g in

fras

truc

ture

6.1

- Loc

ated

out

side

any

kno

wn

aqui

fer r

echa

rge

zone

s (if

poss

ible

).

All

segm

ents

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt, R

epre

sent

ativ

es fr

om M

WI

6.2

Ensu

re th

at a

ll bu

ildin

gs a

nd s

uppo

rt fa

cilit

ies

esta

blis

hed

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t has

no

or v

ery

min

imal

per

man

ent v

isua

l im

pact

, thi

s ca

n be

ach

ieve

d by

app

lyin

g de

sign

s tha

t are

con

sist

ent w

ith th

e vi

sual

feat

ures

of t

he c

onst

ruct

ion

area

. The

con

stru

ctio

n de

sign

s of

the

aeria

l hig

h-vo

ltage

ele

ctric

ity su

pply

pro

pose

d to

pas

s thr

ough

Seg

men

t A sh

ould

be

verif

ied

and

appr

oved

by

rela

ted

auth

ority

..

Segm

ents

A &

B

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

Construction Phase

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

6.3

Res

tore

the

sele

cted

site

to it

s orig

inal

con

ditio

n

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt, R

epre

sent

ativ

es fr

om M

WI

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-72

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s (co

ntd.

) R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

7 C

orre

ct S

elec

tion

for

the

Acc

ess R

oads

7.1

Det

erm

ine

base

d on

det

aile

d su

rvey

s al

tern

ativ

e te

mpo

rary

acc

ess

road

s to

the

road

s an

ticip

ated

to b

e pa

rtial

ly o

r tot

ally

clo

sed.

The

m

axim

um u

sage

of

the

pres

ent a

cces

s ro

ads

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

as, n

oise

leve

ls, p

rivat

e pr

oper

ties

prot

ectio

n, a

nd p

ublic

saf

ety

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

. Rel

evan

t gov

ernm

enta

l aut

horit

ies

shou

ld a

ppro

ve e

ngin

eerin

g sp

ecifi

catio

ns fo

r the

se ro

ads

and

the

type

s of

ve

hicl

es to

use

thes

e ac

cess

road

s.

Segm

ents

C &

B

Con

sulta

nt in

coo

rdin

atio

n w

ith th

e Tr

affic

D

epar

tmen

t and

the

MPW

H.

7.2

The

prop

osed

serv

ice

road

s with

in re

mot

e ar

eas

loca

ted

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t cor

ridor

in S

egm

ent A

sho

uld

avoi

d to

the

exte

nt p

ossi

ble

the

biol

ogic

al se

nsiti

ve h

abita

t and

pla

nt c

omm

uniti

es, e

spec

ially

the

runo

ffs a

nd sa

nd d

unes

veg

etat

ion.

It is

hig

hly

reco

mm

ende

d to

fo

llow

the

exis

ting

road

trac

ks u

sed

by th

e lo

cals

with

in th

ese

area

s whe

neve

r app

licab

le.

Segm

ent A

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Con

sulta

nt in

coo

rdin

atio

n.

Pr

otec

tion

of B

iolo

gica

l Div

ersi

ty

8

Avo

idan

ce a

ctio

ns: P

reca

utio

nary

app

roac

h is

oft

en th

e m

ost c

ost e

ffec

tive

one.

Thi

s inc

lude

s:

8.

1 St

rictly

pro

hibi

t the

rem

oval

of t

he A

caci

a tre

es c

omm

unity

. Se

gmen

t A

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

, & th

e M

inis

try o

f A

gric

ultu

re-d

epar

tmen

t of F

ores

try

8.2

Stric

tly p

rohi

bit g

reen

cov

er re

mov

al -u

nnec

essa

ry re

mov

al w

ithin

the

cons

truct

ion

corr

idor

or a

ny re

mov

al o

ut si

de th

e co

rrid

or- b

y th

e C

ontra

ctor

and

con

sulta

nt e

mpl

oyee

s eith

er b

y co

llect

ion

or b

urni

ng o

r any

mea

n of

rem

oval

8.

3 M

inim

ize

nigh

t act

iviti

es.

8.4

Avo

id u

nnec

essa

ry m

ovem

ent o

f pro

ject

staf

f mai

nly

at n

ight

. 8.

5 A

void

wild

life

pers

ecut

ion,

hun

ting,

ani

mal

and

pla

nt c

olle

ctio

n.

8.6

Avo

id p

lant

ing

or se

edlin

g of

cro

ps a

nd e

xotic

spec

ies.

8.7

Avo

id in

trodu

ctio

n of

pet

s.

Segm

ents

A &

B

8.8

Avo

id sa

nd d

unes

are

as (e

spec

ially

at D

isi a

nd B

atn

El-G

houl

are

as) a

s muc

h as

pos

sibl

e.

Segm

ents

A

9 R

esto

ratio

n ac

tions

9.1

Upo

n in

cide

nts e

nsur

e th

e re

stor

atio

n of

bio

logi

cal d

iver

sity

and

bio

logi

cal c

omm

uniti

es’ c

hara

cter

istic

s and

feat

ures

. Se

gmen

t A

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

Pr

otec

tion

of A

gric

ultu

ral R

esou

rces

10

Prec

autio

nary

Mea

sure

s

10.1

En

sure

safe

pas

sage

way

s for

the

herd

ers.

10.2

En

sure

ava

ilabi

lity

of s

afe

pass

agew

ays

to e

limin

ate

any

inco

nven

ienc

e ar

isin

g fr

om r

estri

ctio

ns o

n m

obili

ty f

or f

arm

s al

ong

the

rout

e.

Segm

ents

A &

B

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

11

Res

tora

tion

actio

ns

11

.1

Re-

plan

t or c

ompe

nsat

e fo

r rem

oved

tree

s (m

ainl

y ol

ive)

with

in fa

rms a

long

the

rout

e fr

om Q

atra

neh

to A

mm

an.

11.2

R

e-pl

ant o

r com

pens

ate

for f

ores

try st

ands

Se

gmen

ts A

& B

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

and

the

Min

istry

of

Agr

icul

ture

Miti

gatin

g So

cial

Impa

cts

12

D

isi A

rea

Dev

elop

men

t Pla

n

12.1

A

dopt

and

impl

emen

t the

Dis

i Are

a D

evel

opm

ent P

lan

prov

ided

in A

nnex

C23

. Se

gmen

ts A

& B

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

MW

I 13

R

eset

tlem

ent F

ram

ewor

k

13.1

A

dopt

and

impl

emen

t the

pro

pose

d R

eset

tlem

ent F

ram

ewor

k pr

ovid

ed in

Ann

ex C

24.

A

llSe

gmen

ts

M

WI

13.2

Em

ploy

Bed

ouin

wor

kers

in

Dis

i irr

igat

ed l

arge

-sca

le f

arm

s in

the

pro

ject

as

guar

ds o

r m

anua

l w

orke

rs d

urin

g th

e co

nstru

ctio

n pe

riod

or e

ven

durin

g op

erat

ion

and

mai

nten

ance

pha

se.

13.3

En

sure

the

supp

ly o

f wat

er to

the

smal

l num

ber o

f liv

esto

ck to

con

tinue

afte

r the

exp

iratio

n of

the

farm

s con

tract

s.

Segm

ent A

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

14

B

usin

ess D

isru

ptio

n

14.1

Ta

ke a

ll pr

ecau

tions

to p

reve

nt d

amag

e to

priv

ate

prop

ertie

s dur

ing

cons

truct

ion

or in

flict

ion

of h

arm

to p

erso

ns in

clud

ing

disr

uptio

n of

wor

k or

bus

ines

s to

indi

vidu

als a

long

the

pipe

line

corr

idor

.

Construction Phase

14.2

En

sure

safe

acc

ess t

o th

e bu

sine

sses

loca

ted

alon

g th

e pr

ojec

t alig

nmen

t

Segm

ents

B &

C

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-73

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s (co

ntd.

) R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

15

Red

uce

the

Exp

ecte

d T

raff

ic D

isru

ptio

n

15.1

A

void

the

clos

ure

of th

e m

ain

road

s whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e.

15.2

C

arry

out

all

cons

truct

ion

activ

ities

that

mig

ht re

quire

clo

sure

of s

ome

road

s qui

ckly

and

at o

ne ti

me

to m

inim

ize

the

disr

uptio

n

15.3

A

lloca

te a

nd e

nsur

e sa

fe tr

affic

det

ours

to s

erve

the

impa

cted

tra

ffic

mov

emen

t in

clud

ing

loop

s, br

idge

s or

oth

ers.

Such

det

ours

sh

ould

be

of su

ffic

ient

cap

acity

to c

ope

with

the

disr

upte

d tra

ffic

. 15

.4

Lim

it th

e m

ovem

ent o

f the

con

stru

ctio

n m

achi

nery

to th

e di

rect

pro

ject

are

a

All

segm

ents

15.6

Pr

ohib

it th

e m

ovem

ent o

f thi

s mac

hine

ry o

utsi

de th

e pr

ojec

t are

a du

ring

peak

traf

fic h

ours

Se

gmen

ts C

& B

15

.7

Lim

it th

e m

ovem

ent t

ime

for h

eavy

truc

ks tr

ansp

ortin

g eq

uipm

ents

and

mat

eria

ls to

the

proj

ect a

reas

to n

on-p

eak

traff

ic h

ours

, and

do

not

allo

w th

em to

use

inte

rnal

road

s bet

wee

n re

side

ntia

l are

as c

lose

to th

e pr

ojec

t site

. 15

.8

Use

cov

erin

g fo

r all

vehi

cles

tran

spor

ting

raw

mat

eria

ls fr

om/to

the

proj

ect s

ite.

15.9

A

pply

stro

ng re

stric

tion

for t

he a

llow

able

spee

d lim

its fo

r all

the

proj

ect v

ehic

les.

15.1

0 In

stal

l all

nece

ssar

y si

gns a

nd m

easu

res t

o fa

cilit

ate

safe

ty a

nd st

rict t

raff

ic c

ontro

l. 15

.11

Arr

angi

ng a

ll th

e ab

ove

liste

d is

sues

shou

ld b

e th

roug

h co

ordi

natio

n w

ith th

e Tr

affic

Dep

artm

ent f

or a

pro

per t

raff

ic m

anag

emen

t. 15

.12

A q

uick

and

com

preh

ensi

ve r

ehab

ilita

tion

prog

ram

sho

uld

be c

ondu

cted

for

the

Sou

ther

n A

mm

an (

Segm

ents

C-2

and

C-3

) ci

ty

road

s sys

tem

dur

ing

the

prep

arat

ion

stag

e fo

r thi

s pro

ject

to a

ccom

mod

ate

the

traff

ic d

ensi

ty.

All

segm

ents

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt a

nd th

e Tr

affic

Dep

artm

ent

16

Form

ulat

e Pu

blic

Saf

ety

Prog

ram

for

the

Loc

als a

nd th

e W

orke

rs in

the

Proj

ect

A

bide

by

all i

tem

s rel

ated

to sa

fety

as o

utlin

ed in

the

tend

er d

ocum

ents

and

follo

w a

ll th

e pr

oced

ures

that

cou

ld p

reve

nt a

ny p

ossi

ble

dang

ers w

heth

er th

ese

dang

ers a

re e

lect

rical

, mec

hani

cal,

chem

ical

, or r

elat

ed to

site

wor

ks, a

nd th

is c

an b

e do

ne b

y:

- Pro

vidi

ng p

reve

ntiv

e ba

rrie

rs a

roun

d m

achi

nes d

ange

rous

par

ts to

avo

id th

e w

rong

acc

ess t

o th

ese

parts

. - P

rovi

ding

war

ning

sign

s tha

t mak

e th

e w

orke

rs a

war

e of

the

dang

ers r

elat

ed to

mac

hine

s or s

ite a

rea.

-

Follo

win

g al

l th

e pr

oced

ures

tha

t co

uld

prev

ent

stat

ic o

r dy

nam

ic e

lect

rical

dan

gers

and

pro

vidi

ng a

ny i

nsul

atio

n or

ear

thin

g sy

stem

s req

uire

d fo

r wor

kers

safe

ty.

16.1

- Pro

vidi

ng sc

hedu

led

mai

nten

ance

to d

efer

ent m

achi

nes u

sed

durin

g th

e co

nstru

ctio

n or

the

oper

atio

n.

All

segm

ents

16.2

Th

e C

ontra

ctor

shou

ld m

aint

ain

insu

ranc

e po

licie

s iss

ued

by a

n in

sure

r allo

wed

by

law

to d

o bu

sine

ss in

Jord

an th

at c

over

the

follo

win

g:

• W

orkm

en's

com

pens

atio

n an

d al

l oth

er so

cial

insu

ranc

e in

acc

orda

nce

with

the

stat

utor

y re

quir

emen

ts o

f the

cou

ntry

or

stat

e ha

ving

juri

sdic

tion

over

the

Con

trac

tor's

em

ploy

ers.

• D

amag

es o

r com

pens

atio

n pa

yabl

e at

law

in c

onse

quen

ce o

f any

acc

iden

t or i

njur

y to

any

wor

kman

or o

ther

per

son

in th

e em

ploy

men

t of t

he C

ontr

acto

r or a

ny su

b-C

ontr

acto

r, sa

ve a

nd e

xcep

t an

acci

dent

or i

njur

y re

sulti

ng fr

om a

ny a

ct o

r de

faul

t of t

he e

mpl

oyer

or h

is se

rvan

ts.

• In

jury

whi

ch m

ay o

ccur

to a

ny p

erso

n by

ari

sing

out

of t

he e

xecu

tion

of p

roje

ct a

nd c

ause

d by

the

Con

trac

tor o

r his

sub-

Con

trac

tors

. •

Car

bod

ily in

jury

whi

ch sh

all i

nclu

de c

over

age

for a

ll ow

ned,

non

-ow

ned

and

hire

d ve

hicl

es u

sed

in th

e pe

rfor

man

ce o

f the

se

rvic

es.

All

segm

ents

16.3

Lo

cate

acc

ess

faci

litie

s so

as

to p

rovi

de a

saf

e pa

ssag

e fo

r the

ped

estri

ans

cros

sing

with

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

as. I

t is

reco

mm

ende

d th

at

thes

e fa

cilit

ies b

e in

the

form

of p

rote

cted

ped

estri

an b

ridge

s. Se

gmen

ts (

C-1

), (C

-3) &

(B-2

) 16

.4

Prov

ide

and

prop

erly

mai

ntai

n al

l tem

pora

ry r

oads

and

oth

er w

ork

requ

ired

incl

udin

g ac

cess

to e

xist

ing

carr

iage

, fac

torie

s, sh

ops,

build

ing

and

the

like.

Thi

s in

clud

e in

stal

ling

oper

atin

g an

d m

aint

aini

ng a

ll re

quire

d te

mpo

rary

sig

ning

, sig

nals

, bar

riers

and

oth

er

safe

ty m

easu

res t

hat c

an a

ssis

t in

cons

ervi

ng th

e pu

blic

and

the

wor

kers

safe

ty.

Construction Phase

16.5

En

sure

sui

tabl

e di

sclo

sure

of

info

rmat

ion

with

reg

ard

to p

roje

ct c

ompo

nent

s re

leva

nt to

the

publ

ic a

nd w

orke

rs s

afet

y, in

clud

ing

acce

ss ro

ads.

All

segm

ents

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-74

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s (co

ntd.

) R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

C

onse

rvat

ion

of A

rcha

eolo

gica

l and

Cul

tura

l Res

ourc

es

17

A

void

ance

act

ions

17.1

Im

plem

ent

the

Cul

tura

l R

esou

rces

Man

agem

ent

(CR

M)

prog

ram

in

coor

dina

tion

with

CR

M m

onito

ring

grou

ps i

nclu

ding

the

D

epar

tmen

t of A

ntiq

uitie

s / M

inis

try o

f Tou

rism

. 17

.2

App

ly p

enal

ties f

or n

on-c

ompl

ianc

e. T

hese

pen

altie

s sho

uld

be id

entif

ied

and

info

rmed

to th

e C

ontra

ctor

and

his

em

ploy

ees.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt &

the

Dep

artm

ent o

f A

ntiq

uitie

s

17.3

Sh

ift th

e co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es fo

r a d

ista

nce

that

is e

noug

h as

to p

rote

ct id

entif

ied

arch

eolo

gica

l site

s. Se

gmen

ts B

& C

17

.4

Follo

w “

Cha

nce-

find”

Pro

cedu

res.

17.5

C

ondu

ct e

xclu

sion

are

as.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

17.6

A

dopt

spe

cial

pro

cedu

res

in t

he v

icin

ity o

f si

tes

defin

ed a

s re

quiri

ng p

rote

ctio

n. T

hese

inc

lude

pro

tect

ing

the

site

by

fenc

ing,

co

nduc

ting

site

resc

ue e

xcav

atio

n, c

ondu

ctin

g si

te re

stor

atio

n, a

nd im

plem

entin

g si

gnag

e sy

stem

to th

e si

te.

Segm

ents

B &

C

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

& th

e D

epar

tmen

t of

Ant

iqui

ties

17.7

O

nce

the

final

alig

nmen

t has

bee

n fix

ed a

nd th

e ex

tent

of a

ny e

arth

wor

ks a

nd b

orro

w p

its is

kno

wn,

site

s th

at re

mai

n cl

assi

fied

as

not t

hrea

tene

d sh

ould

be

revi

site

d an

d fu

lly d

ocum

ente

d fo

r rec

ord

purp

oses

. 17

.8

A s

et o

f fin

al e

ngin

eerin

g dr

awin

gs,

on w

hich

arc

haeo

logi

cal

site

s w

ithin

or

imm

edia

tely

adj

acen

t to

the

con

stru

ctio

n ar

ea a

re

defin

ed, s

houl

d be

add

ress

ed b

y th

e C

ontra

ctor

to th

e C

onsu

ltant

and

to th

e D

epar

tmen

t of A

ntiq

uitie

s (D

OA

) prio

r to

star

ting

wor

k..

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

17.9

In

gen

eral

, for

pro

ject

s ent

erin

g th

e co

nstru

ctio

n st

age,

the

follo

win

g fo

ur p

oint

s cou

ld b

e ad

ded

to c

ontra

ct d

ocum

ents

whi

ch w

ould

be

ben

efic

ial f

or th

e pr

otec

tion

of a

rcha

eolo

gica

l site

s:

17.9

.1

Bor

row

Are

as:

Th

e lo

catio

ns o

f bo

rrow

are

as a

nd q

uarr

y si

tes

sele

cted

by

the

Con

tract

or s

houl

d be

app

rove

d by

the

Dep

artm

ent

of A

ntiq

uitie

s (D

OA

) to

pre

vent

ant

iqui

ties

bein

g da

mag

ed b

y qu

arry

ing

or b

orro

w e

xcav

atio

n. S

uch

insp

ectio

n sh

ould

not

be

unre

ason

ably

de

laye

d.

17.9

.2

Obs

erva

tion

of C

onst

ruct

ion

Exc

avat

ion:

In a

reas

whe

re t

he D

epar

tmen

t of

Ant

iqui

ties

know

s or

sus

pect

s th

e ex

iste

nce

of r

emai

ns u

nder

the

sur

face

, but

whe

re t

here

is

insu

ffic

ient

tim

e fo

r ar

chae

olog

ical

exc

avat

ion

(or

the

impo

rtanc

e of

the

site

dos

e no

t w

arra

nt f

ull

scal

e in

vest

igat

ion

prio

r to

co

nstru

ctio

n), a

repr

esen

tativ

e of

DO

A s

houl

d be

pre

sent

dur

ing

the

open

ing

of a

ny e

xcav

atio

n or

bor

row

pit

to id

entif

y an

d re

cord

an

y ar

chae

olog

ical

rem

ains

foun

d.

17.9

.3

Add

ition

al S

alva

ge E

xcav

atio

n:

In

are

as w

here

DO

A h

as d

eter

min

ed th

at fu

rther

sal

vage

exc

avat

ion

will

be

nece

ssar

y, b

ased

on

the

info

rmat

ion

deve

lope

d du

ring

the

Fina

l Des

ign

phas

e, s

alva

ge e

xcav

atio

n w

ill b

e ca

rrie

d ou

t at t

he b

egin

ning

of

the

cons

truct

ion

phas

e. C

onst

ruct

ion

activ

ities

sh

ould

be

sche

dule

d so

as

to le

ave

any

such

are

a un

til la

te in

the

cons

truct

ion

proc

ess,

and

thus

the

arch

aeol

ogic

al e

xcav

atio

n w

ould

no

t del

ay c

onst

ruct

ion

activ

ities

. 17

.9.4

A

rcha

eolo

gica

l Cha

nce

Find

: If

any

arc

haeo

logi

cal s

ite o

r rem

ains

foun

d du

ring

cons

truct

ion

the

Con

tract

or sh

ould

dire

ctly

con

tact

the

Dep

artm

ent o

f Ant

iqui

ties.

If a

ny s

ite fo

und

durin

g co

nstru

ctio

n an

d w

ill b

e da

mag

ed b

y co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es, t

he D

epar

tmen

t of A

ntiq

uitie

s w

ill a

sses

s th

e di

scov

ered

rem

ains

and

will

car

ry o

ut a

n em

erge

ncy

salv

age

exca

vatio

n. S

alva

ge e

xcav

atio

n m

eans

arc

haeo

logi

cal

exca

vatio

n co

nduc

ted

durin

g co

nstru

ctio

n ph

ase,

it s

houl

d be

con

duct

ed o

nly

whe

n an

arc

haeo

logi

cal s

ite is

fou

nd b

y ac

cide

nt (

chan

ce f

ind)

du

ring

cons

truct

ion.

Giv

en th

e sh

ort t

ime

avai

labl

e fo

r a sa

lvag

e ex

cava

tion,

this

type

of w

ork

shou

ld b

e av

oide

d.

The

avai

labl

e sh

ort t

ime

for

salv

age

exca

vatio

ns c

anno

t be

cons

ider

ed a

n au

thor

izat

ion

to d

estro

y th

e di

scov

ered

rem

ains

or

site

. Si

nce

each

site

mus

t be

give

n pr

oper

con

side

ratio

n an

d an

alys

is b

efor

e its

des

truct

ion

can

be a

utho

rized

. Th

e co

st o

f the

furth

er sa

lvag

e ex

cava

tion

shou

ld b

e in

clud

ed a

s par

t of r

ates

pro

vide

d in

the

Bill

of Q

uant

ities

.

Construction Phase

The

Con

tract

or s

houl

d se

ek th

e w

ritte

n ap

prov

al o

f the

Dep

artm

ent o

f Ant

iqui

ties

befo

re th

e re

mov

al o

f any

cha

nce

find

build

ing,

fo

unda

tion,

stru

ctur

e, fe

nce

and

othe

r obs

truct

ion

over

50

year

s old

, any

por

tion

of w

hich

is in

the

R.O

.W. a

ll de

sign

ated

salv

agea

ble

mat

eria

l sh

all b

e re

mov

ed, w

ithou

t cau

sing

unn

eces

sary

dam

age,

and

in s

ectio

ns o

r pi

eces

whi

ch m

ay b

e re

adily

tran

spor

ted,

and

sh

all b

e st

arte

d by

the

Con

tract

or a

t app

rove

d lo

catio

ns, f

or la

ter u

se o

r pos

sess

ion

of th

e D

epar

tmen

t of A

ntiq

uitie

s

All

segm

ents

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

& th

e D

epar

tmen

t of

Ant

iqui

ties

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-75

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s (co

ntd.

) R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

M

onito

ring

Phy

sica

l Env

iron

men

t

18

Con

duct

Site

Insp

ectio

n

18.1

C

ondu

ct s

ite in

spec

tion

on d

aily

bas

is to

mon

itor a

ll co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es a

ccor

ding

to th

e pr

epar

ed c

onst

ruct

ion

sche

dule

from

an

envi

ronm

enta

l poi

nt o

f vie

w.

18.2

Pr

ovid

e fr

ee p

assa

ge a

nd a

cces

s to

all p

arts

of t

he p

roje

ct a

nd a

t all

times

to a

utho

rized

repr

esen

tativ

es fr

om th

e M

OE,

MW

I and

the

resp

onsi

ble

mun

icip

aliti

es.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

19

Mon

itor

Air

Qua

lity

and

Noi

se L

evel

19.1

A

n ai

r qua

lity-

mon

itorin

g pr

ogra

m s

houl

d be

app

lied

to m

onito

r the

dus

t lev

els

and

air e

mis

sion

s fr

om v

ehic

les

at le

ast f

our t

imes

pe

r yea

r at s

elec

ted

site

s alo

ng th

e pr

ojec

t lay

out.

The

maj

or p

aram

eter

to b

e m

easu

red

is T

otal

Sus

pend

ed P

artic

les (

TSP)

. C

ondu

ct n

oise

leve

l mon

itorin

g pr

ogra

m o

nce

a m

onth

dur

ing

the

cons

truct

ion

phas

e, a

nd e

ach

time

shou

ld e

xten

d fo

r 24

hour

s. Th

e m

ajor

par

amet

ers t

o be

mea

sure

d in

clud

e bu

t are

not

lim

ited

to:

- Noi

se (E

quiv

alen

t Sou

nd P

ress

ure

Leve

l, LA

eq)

19.2

- Vib

ratio

n

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

20

Mon

itor

Solid

Was

te M

anag

emen

t

The

mon

itorin

g of

solid

was

te m

anag

emen

t ope

ratio

ns sh

ould

cov

er th

e fo

llow

ing:

- S

olid

was

te g

ener

atio

n, in

clud

ing

qual

ity a

nd q

uant

ity.

- Col

lect

ion

and

tran

spor

tatio

n ef

ficie

ncy.

- S

uita

bilit

y of

fina

l dis

posa

l site

s.

20.1

- Sol

id w

aste

acc

umul

atio

n w

ithin

the

proj

ect c

orri

dor i

n te

rms o

f vol

umes

and

freq

uenc

y of

rem

oval

.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

PMU

M

onito

ring

of B

iolo

gica

l Env

iron

men

t

21

For t

he b

iolo

gica

l env

ironm

ent,

the

freq

uenc

y of

mon

itorin

g is

mos

tly p

erio

dica

l (ev

ery

thre

e m

onth

s) c

ombi

ned

with

follo

w u

p on

da

ily b

asis

and

ann

ual a

uditi

ng. T

he fo

llow

ing

indi

cato

rs sh

ould

be

mon

itore

d:

- Mai

ntai

ned

pre-

proj

ect l

and

utili

zatio

n an

d ac

cess

. - M

aint

aine

d Ru

noffs

Hab

itat.

- Nat

ural

veg

etat

ion

cove

r is m

aint

aine

d.

- Hun

ting

is b

anne

d.

- Acc

iden

tal k

ills a

re m

inim

um.

- Bre

edin

g se

ason

s are

und

istu

rbed

.

- Mig

ratio

n se

ason

s are

avo

ided

.

Segm

ents

A &

B

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

PM

U

22

Mon

itor

the

natu

ral

cond

ition

s of

sur

face

wat

er f

low

bet

wee

n pr

e an

d po

st p

roje

ct a

ctiv

ities

inc

ludi

ng r

unof

fs h

abita

t an

d ge

omor

phol

ogy,

the

freq

uenc

y of

mon

itorin

g is

mos

tly p

erio

dica

l (ev

ery

thre

e m

onth

s)

23

Mon

itor p

lant

com

mun

ities

’ cha

nges

, the

freq

uenc

y of

mon

itorin

g is

mos

tly p

erio

dica

l (ev

ery

thre

e m

onth

s)

24

Mon

itor h

abita

t det

erio

ratio

n (s

ome

spec

ies c

an b

e us

ed a

s ind

icat

ors f

or h

abita

t det

erio

ratio

n su

ch a

s Citr

illus

and

Peg

anum

sp.).

25

M

onito

r acc

iden

tal k

illin

g of

ani

mal

s (ca

r acc

iden

ts, f

allin

g in

dril

led

ditc

hes,

pers

ecut

ions

, etc

.).

26

Mon

itor w

inte

ring

bird

spec

ies.

27

Mon

itor k

ey h

erpe

tofa

unal

and

faun

al sp

ecie

s. 28

M

onito

r oil

spill

s and

solid

was

te a

ccum

ulat

ion

Segm

ents

A &

B

29

Mon

itor a

cces

sibi

lity

to A

bu-T

arfa

are

a an

d to

Dis

i are

a th

roug

h B

atn

El-G

houl

. Se

gmen

t A

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

PM

U

M

onito

ring

of A

gric

ultu

ral R

esou

rces

30

The

follo

win

g in

dica

tors

shou

ld b

e m

onito

red

for c

ompl

ianc

e w

ith th

e su

gges

ted

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res:

- S

afe

pass

agew

ays d

edic

ated

for t

he u

se o

f her

ders

esp

ecia

lly in

Seg

men

ts A

and

B.

- Rem

oval

of t

rees

with

in fa

rms a

long

the

rout

e fr

om Q

atra

neh

to A

mm

an a

nd th

eir r

e-pl

anta

tion

or c

ompe

nsat

ion.

Construction Phase

- Ava

ilabi

lity

of sa

fe p

assa

gew

ays c

an e

limin

ate

any

inco

nven

ienc

e ar

isin

g fr

om re

stric

tions

on

mob

ility

for f

arm

s alo

ng th

e ro

ute.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

PMU

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-76

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s (co

ntd.

) R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Zon

es

Impl

emen

tatio

n R

espo

nsib

ility

L

icen

sing

and

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itori

ng

Res

pons

ibili

ty

M

onito

ring

Soc

ial A

spec

ts

31

Th

e fo

llow

ing

indi

cato

rs sh

ould

be

mon

itore

d fo

r com

plia

nce

with

the

sugg

este

d m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s:

- Em

ploy

men

t: th

is in

clud

es th

e pe

rcen

tage

of l

ocal

s and

fore

igne

rs to

the

tota

l em

ploy

men

t. -

Bus

ines

s D

isru

ptio

n: s

houl

d in

clud

e, b

ut n

ot b

e lim

ited

to, d

amag

e to

priv

ate

prop

ertie

s du

ring

cons

truct

ion,

har

m t

o pe

rson

s in

clud

ing

disr

uptio

n of

wor

k or

bus

ines

s alo

ng th

e pi

pelin

e co

rrid

or.

- Pub

lic sa

fety

mea

sure

s and

pub

lic sa

fety

pro

gram

impl

emen

tatio

n an

d ef

ficie

ncy.

- L

ocal

s com

plai

ns a

bout

pro

ject

rela

ted

dist

urba

nces

, noi

se a

nd h

ealth

asp

ects

. -

Traf

fic d

isru

ptio

n in

cide

nce

incl

udin

g lo

catio

n of

occ

urre

nce,

dur

atio

n, a

ctio

ns m

ade

to m

itiga

te th

e im

pact

and

if a

ny a

ccid

ents

re

sulte

d fr

om su

ch d

isru

ptio

n.

- Dis

rupt

ion

of in

fras

truct

ure

utili

ties i

nclu

ding

tele

phon

e co

nnec

tions

, ele

ctric

ity, w

ater

, sew

er a

nd o

ther

util

ities

. - I

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Traf

fic D

isru

ptio

ns C

ontro

l Pro

gram

. Suc

h co

mpo

nent

sho

uld

be u

nder

the

dire

ct s

uper

visi

on o

f the

Tra

ffic

D

epar

tmen

t in

each

of t

he d

iffer

ent p

roje

ct a

reas

.

- M

onito

r th

e m

aint

enan

ce o

f pe

dest

rians

cro

ssin

g fa

cilit

ies

to b

e co

nstru

cted

alo

ng t

he p

roje

ct l

ayou

t in

coo

rdin

atio

n w

ith t

he

auth

oriz

ed d

epar

tmen

ts i

n th

e M

PWH

in

asso

ciat

ion

with

the

Gre

ater

Am

man

Mun

icip

ality

in

addi

tion

to t

he d

iffer

ent

mun

icip

aliti

es a

long

the

proj

ect c

orrid

or.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

PMU

M

onito

ring

Arc

haeo

logi

cal a

nd C

ultu

ral H

erita

ge S

ites

32

Th

e fo

llow

ing

com

pone

nts s

houl

d be

mon

itore

d on

regu

lar b

asis

: - D

isru

ptio

n to

the

arch

aeol

ogic

al fe

atur

es.

- The

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Cul

tura

l Res

ourc

es M

anag

emen

t (C

RM

) act

iviti

es

- C

ompl

ianc

e / n

on-c

ompl

ianc

e w

ith th

e “C

hanc

e-fin

d” p

roce

dure

s, ex

clus

ion

area

s, an

d sh

iftin

g th

e co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es f

or a

di

stan

ce a

s eno

ugh

as to

pro

tect

the

site

. - S

peci

al p

roce

dure

s in

the

vici

nity

of s

ites d

efin

ed a

s req

uirin

g pr

otec

tion.

The

se in

clud

e:

* S

ite b

y fe

ncin

g *

Site

resc

ue e

xcav

atio

n *

Site

rest

orat

ion

Construction Phase

* S

igna

ge sy

stem

to th

e si

te

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

Dep

artm

ent o

f Ant

iqui

ties

Pr

otec

ting

Bio

logi

cal E

nvir

onm

ent

33

Prev

entiv

e M

easu

res

33.1

Pr

ohib

it re

mov

al o

f gr

een

cove

r, co

ntro

l acc

iden

tal a

nd d

elib

erat

e pe

rsec

utio

n of

wild

life

caus

ed a

nd d

istu

rban

ce to

bre

edin

g an

d m

igra

tory

bird

spe

cies

by

the

incr

ease

d ac

cess

ibili

ty to

the

sens

itive

hab

itat w

ithin

seg

men

t A. t

his

can

be a

chie

ved

thro

ugh

prop

er

awar

enes

s act

iviti

es, s

ite si

gnag

e an

d re

gula

r pat

rolli

ng.

Min

istry

of E

nviro

nmen

t, th

e M

inis

try o

f A

gric

ultu

re a

nd th

e R

oyal

Soc

iety

for t

he

cons

erva

tion

of N

atur

e 33

.2

Avo

id t

he r

emov

al o

f th

e A

caci

a tre

es c

omm

unity

and

tra

nslo

catio

n of

tho

se u

navo

idab

le o

nes

in c

oord

inat

ion

with

rel

ated

au

thor

ities

incl

udin

g th

e M

inis

try o

f Agr

icul

ture

and

the

Roy

al S

ocie

ty fo

r the

Con

serv

atio

n of

Nat

ure.

33

.3

Avo

id a

s muc

h as

pos

sibl

e re

mov

al o

f gre

en c

over

. 33

.4

Min

imiz

e ni

ght a

ctiv

ities

. 33

.5

Avo

id w

ildlif

e pe

rsec

utio

n, h

untin

g, a

nim

al a

nd p

lant

col

lect

ion.

33

.6

Avo

id u

nnec

essa

ry m

ovem

ent o

f pro

ject

staf

f mai

nly

at n

ight

. 33

.7

Avo

id p

lant

ing

or se

edlin

g of

cro

ps a

nd e

xotic

spec

ies.

33.8

A

void

intro

duct

ion

of p

ets.

Operation Phase

33.9

A

void

sand

dun

es a

reas

(esp

ecia

lly a

t Dis

i and

Bat

n El

-Gho

ul a

reas

) as m

uch

as p

ossi

ble.

Segm

ent A

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-77

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Tab

le 1

8: E

SMP

Site

-Spe

cific

Pro

cedu

res a

nd R

espo

nsib

ilitie

sZ

ones

(c

ontd

.) Ph

ase

No.

M

itiga

tion

and

ESM

Pro

cedu

res

Res

pons

ibili

ties

M

itiga

ting

and

Mon

itori

ng S

ocia

l Im

pact

s

34

M

onito

ring

Wad

i Cro

ssin

gs

34.1

D

evel

opm

ent o

f mon

itorin

g cr

iteria

for p

ost-c

onst

ruct

ion

perf

orm

ance

of w

adi c

ross

ing

is e

ssen

tial f

or a

succ

essf

ul p

lan

to m

inim

ize

the

impa

ct o

f wad

i cro

ssin

g du

ring

cons

truct

ion

phas

e.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

35

App

lyin

g an

d M

onito

ring

App

ropr

iate

Pub

lic S

afet

y Pr

ogra

m

35.1

A

ll th

e bo

oste

r and

pum

ping

sta

tions

alo

ng th

e pr

ojec

t rou

te s

houl

d be

fenc

ed a

nd h

ave

daily

gua

rdin

g sy

stem

. In

addi

tion

to th

at,

the

loca

l com

mun

ities

sho

uld

unde

rsta

nd th

roug

h th

e pu

blic

med

ia a

nd th

e lo

cal s

choo

ls w

ithin

the

proj

ect c

orrid

or, t

he im

porta

nce

of c

onse

rvin

g al

l of t

he p

roje

ct fa

cilit

ies.

Mor

e ov

er a

ll th

e w

orke

rs in

thes

e st

atio

ns s

houl

d w

eir s

afet

y eq

uipm

ents

suc

h as

saf

ety

helm

ets a

nd sh

oes d

urin

g th

eir w

ork

shift

s and

shou

ld g

et a

spec

ializ

ed

publ

ic sa

fety

cou

rse

rela

ted

to su

ch fa

cilit

ies.

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

35.2

Th

e ex

pect

ed fl

uid

and

solid

was

tes

resu

lted

from

the

proj

ect f

acili

ties

shou

ld b

e di

spos

ed p

roba

bly

as th

e fo

llow

ing:

(i)T

he h

uman

flu

id w

aste

s sho

uld

be d

ispo

sed

to th

e w

aste

wat

er c

olle

ctio

n sy

stem

(Whe

re a

vaila

ble)

or t

o ap

prop

riate

sept

ic ta

nks a

nd p

umpe

d ou

t on

mon

thly

bas

is.

(ii)T

he f

luid

was

tes

resu

lted

from

the

dai

ly w

ork

activ

ities

sho

uld

be c

olle

cted

in

spec

ial

tank

s an

d se

nt o

n m

onth

ly b

ases

to th

e ne

ares

t dum

ping

site

. The

res

ulte

d so

lid w

aste

s sh

ould

be

colle

cted

in w

eekl

y ba

ses

and

sent

to th

e ne

ares

t du

mpi

ng si

te.

35.3

Th

e Jo

rdan

ian

Reg

ulat

ion

for a

mbi

ent n

oise

leve

ls s

houl

d be

app

lied

to c

ontro

l the

exp

ecte

d no

ise

leve

ls to

gen

erat

e fr

om o

pera

ting

the

pum

ping

stat

ions

esp

ecia

lly th

ose

loca

ted

clos

e to

the

resi

dent

ial a

reas

.

Operation Phase

35.4

It

is th

e re

spon

sibi

lity

of th

e en

viro

nmen

t dep

artm

ent i

n M

WI i

n as

soci

atio

n w

ith th

e lo

cal m

unic

ipal

ities

and

the

Gre

ater

Am

man

m

unic

ipal

ity (f

or s

ites

loca

ted

with

in th

e Ju

risdi

ctio

ns o

f Am

man

mun

icip

ality

) to

supe

rvis

e an

d m

onito

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

abov

e lis

ted

mea

sure

s.

All

segm

ents

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

and

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

Remediation Phase

T

he m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s pr

opos

ed t

o co

pe w

ith t

he a

ntic

ipat

ed c

onst

ruct

ion-

rem

edia

tion

phas

e ar

e de

alt

with

as

cons

truc

tion

impa

cts,

whi

le t

he o

vera

ll pr

ojec

t re

med

iatio

n im

pact

s w

ill b

e th

e sa

me

as t

hose

de

scri

bed

for

the

cons

truc

tion

phas

e.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or a

nd

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

M

WI

E

stab

lishi

ng a

n E

nvir

onm

enta

l an

d So

cial

Man

agem

ent

Uni

t w

ith a

t le

ast

one

expe

rien

ced

ESM

P-C

oord

inat

or.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

C

ondu

ctin

g su

itabl

e an

d ef

fect

ive

staf

f tr

aini

ng a

nd a

war

enes

s ac

tiviti

es t

o en

sure

the

pro

ject

em

ploy

ees

unde

rsta

ndin

g,

appr

ecia

tion

and

adhe

renc

e to

th

e su

gges

ted

envi

ronm

enta

l an

d so

cial

m

anag

emen

t re

quir

emen

ts.

All

segm

ents

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

tract

or

The

Proj

ect C

onsu

ltant

Project-Specific overall Environmental and Social Management Requirements

E

nsur

ing

publ

ic

part

icip

atio

n in

th

e ov

eral

l E

SMP

impl

emen

tatio

n th

roug

h ef

fect

ive

disc

losu

re

of

info

rmat

ion

such

as

anno

unce

men

t of

roa

ds c

lose

r an

d ac

cess

roa

ds p

rovi

ded,

and

thr

ough

pub

lic

cons

ulta

tion

and

feed

-bac

k m

echa

nism

.

The

Proj

ect C

ontra

ctor

Th

e Pr

ojec

t Con

sulta

nt

All

segm

ents

Fina

l Rep

ort

S-78

C

onso

lidat

ed C

onsu

ltant

s


Achieving the identified objectives require clear delineation of responsibilities. Primarily, it is the responsibility of the Contractor to implement and monitor the Environmental and Social Management Plan, where the Contractor should strictly adhere to the suggested mitigation measures and the Environmental and Social Management Plan programs, and define new aspects and mitigate impacts. Also, the Contractor should monitor the environmental and social indicators, and document for precautions and actions taken. On the other hand, the Project Consultant (to be hired by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation) will be representing the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and should ensure the project compliance/non-compliance with the legal requirements and the Environmental and Social Management Plan recommendations. Also, the Project Consultant will be responsible for monitoring the environmental and social aspects, the project conformance/non-conformance, performance auditing, and the construction completion evaluation. The Project Management Unit (PMU) will hold the responsibility of the overall Environmental and Social Management Plan supervision. The proposed Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESPM) management structure reflect the assigned responsibilities as part of the overall project management structure, where four management hierarchies has been identified within the project Operation Level as presented in Figure 9. These are:

The responsibilities identified in Figure 9 are for the firms with respect to the management hierarchies mentioned above, where the suggested individual staff positions are only indicative to their management levels.

• ESMP Implementation Level (Private Sector - Contractor); • ESMP Follow up, Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation Level (Private Sector-Consultant); • ESMP Administration and Coordination (Government Project Management- Ministry of

Water and Irrigation); and • Project Administration Level (Project Management Unit-PMU).


ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

ND

SO

CIA

L A

SSES

SMEN

T D

ISI-

MU

DA

WA

RR

A T

O A

MM

AN

WA

TER

CO

NV

EYA

NC

E SY

STEM

EX

ECU

TIV

E SU

MM

AR

Y

Project Supervision

Project Administration - ESMP Administration and Guiding-MWI

ESMP Implantation Level (Contractor-Private Sector)

ESMP Follow up, Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation Level (Consultant-Private Sector)

MW

I - D

isi P

roje

ct

Proj

ect M

anag

emen

t Uni

t

MW

I - P

roje

ct M

anag

er

Envi

ronm

enta

l, So

cial

and

Q

ualit

y A

ssur

ance

Man

ager

Coo

rdin

atio

n of

ESM

P Im

plem

enta

tion

Con

sulta

nt P

roje

ct

Man

ager

ESM

P C

oord

inat

or

Con

tract

or P

roje

ct M

anag

er

ESM

P C

oord

inat

or

Qua

lity

Ass

uran

ce

Tech

nici

an

ESM

P C

oord

inat

or

Qua

lity

Ass

uran

ce

Tech

nici

an

Aud

itors

and

R

evie

wer

s Si

tes R

egul

ar

Inve

stig

ator

s

Qua

lity

Ass

uran

ce

Tech

nici

an

Site

s Reg

ular

In

vest

igat

ors

Site

s Reg

ular

In

vest

igat

ors

Mon

itorin

g Te

am

Ec

o-A

udit

team

Loca

l Sta

keho

lder

s (M

unic

ipal

ities

, …)

Stoc

khol

ders

(M

OE,

MW

H, …

)

Adv

isor

y Pa

nel

Tech

nica

l Rol

e - R

evie

wer

s / A

udito

rs

Reporting Direction

Strategic Level Operational Level

Wor

ld B

ank

Proj

ect

Rev

iew

ers a

nd A

udito

rs

Envi

ronm

enta

l, So

cial

and

Q

ualit

y A

ssur

ance

Man

ager

Envi

ronm

enta

l, So

cial

and

Q

ualit

y A

ssur

ance

Man

ager

ESM

P A

dmin

istra

tion

Coo

rdin

atio

n an

d C

omm

unic

atio

n Te

chni

cal C

onsu

ltatio

n

Fi

gure

9: E

SMP

man

agem

ent s

truc

ture

Fi

nal R

epor

t S-

80

Con

solid

ated

Con

sulta

nts


As the structure demonstrates, the prime Environmental and Social Management Plan implementation falls under the responsibility of the Contractor, where an Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Unit is suggested to undertake this responsibility. This unit will be directed by the management representative- Environmental and Social Management Plan Coordinator-, who will be supported by two technical staff. This unit might also act as a Quality Control Unit. This structure also indicates the reporting system that should be applied. The proposed ESMP Coordinator should have a B.Sc. degree with at least 15 years of experience or M.Sc. with 8 years of experience and have experience in at least three projects in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment or Environmental Management. The Contractor should ensure effective implementation and operation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan. This can be achieved by ensuring that: roles, responsibilities and authorities are defined, documented and communicated; and management is committed to providing the human, technical and financial resources required for the ESMP.

Develop Environmental and Social Management (ESM) Statement prior to each construction phase. These statements should detail the ESM procedures applicable to mitigate anticipated impacts.

The Management Representative (Environmental and Social Management Plan Coordinator) is appointed, and assigned defined roles, responsibilities, and authority for: ensuring that the Environmental and Social Management Plan requirements are established, implemented, and maintained in accordance with the stated legal requirements and approved standard; and reporting on the performance and effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Management Plan to top management and using this reporting as the basis for Management Review. The duties of the Contractor - ESMP Coordinator are explained in more detail in Table 19. Table 19: The duties of the proposed Contractor - Environmental and Social Management

Plan (ESMP) Technical Assistant Preparation stage

Ensure efficient implementation of the Precautionary ESMP Mitigation Programs and Procedures with regard to the sites and construction activities selection criteria.

Ensure the construction of the fluid waste collection for the project offices in the locations, which are agreed upon between the municipalities, the Consultant and the Contractor.

Ensure the establishment of the temporary access roads in the locations agreed upon with Ministry of Public Works and Housing, the consultant and the contractor.

Ensure effective communication and cooperation with local communities especially in Segments C and B.

Report to the project Consultant. Construction stage Ensure efficient implementation of the ESMP mitigation programs and

procedures. Coordinate and follow up with responsible governmental and non-governmental

agencies working in the field of environmental conservation. Ensure continuous and efficient communication with local communities. Give a special attention to the issue of public safety, especially in Segments C and

B of the project within the populated residential neighbourhoods, and insure the continuous application of these measures during the construction phase.

Report to the project consultant A similar Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Unit should be initiated to hold the responsibilities relevant to the following objectives:



• To ensure that roles, responsibility and authorities are defined documented and communicated;

• To monitor, audit and evaluate the efficiency of the Environmental and Social Management Plan implementation and operation;

• To evaluate and update the aspects register; and • To ensure efficient implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan

programs and procedures. This can be achieved by the following operational objectives: • Ensuring that the Environmental and Social Management Plan requirements are

established, implemented, and maintained in accordance with the stated legal requirements and approved Standard.

• Reporting on the performance and effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Management Plan to top management and using this reporting as the basis for Management Review.

One of the major assignments of the Consultant - Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Unit is to establish the base line to be used for the various elements of the monitoring plan during the pre-construction phase with relevant measures taken to establish, as far as possible, the ambient condition. 6.6.2 Impact Mitigation and Management Programs As part of the ESA process for new projects, environmental and social management programs are compiled concerning all aspects where site-specific features are taken into account. These management programs are designed to ensure that set objectives and targets are accomplished and responsibilities, methods, and time frame for completion are established. Each program includes one or more procedure that tends to achieve the stated objective(s) as appropriate. The following mitigation measures should be strictly adhered to, in order to avoid impact, risk or hazard whenever anticipated. When the impacts are unavoidable the impact should be minimized to the extent possible and the settings should be rehabilitated appropriately to restore the natural condition. Compensation schemes should be applied whenever needed as a consequence of the interim damage and disruption or as compensation to the permanent damage. The monitoring program is an applied research program to develop the tools necessary to monitor and assess the environmental and social settings status and trends in response to the different project activities. Also, it is necessary to assess the project performance against the desired mitigation measures, and compliance with the regulations and standards in order to protect people’s health and safety, and the environment health and performance. Monitoring activities should be applied to direct monitoring indicators whenever applicable. Indirect indicators can be monitored instead of direct ones whenever it would provide acceptable indication to the impact occurrence and/or performance non-conformance. The following are the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programs to address the anticipated project impacts. The success of the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring programs depends largely on proper training and awareness to project staff and efficiency of restoration when required. Table 17 presented to the site-specific mitigation measures and monitoring activities based on their relevance to the project activities.



6.6.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase (a) Mitigating Impacts to the Physical Environment

Conserve Natural Landscape and Natural Resources The following avoidance measures should be applied:

• Where clearing is required for permanent works, approved construction activities and for excavation operations, construction activities should be limited as much as applicable to minimum areas of the project construction corridor, and maximum care should be applied not to inflict unnecessary alteration to the local landscape and natural resource;

• Changing the geomorphology, the local drainage systems, in addition to flora demolition should be prohibited outside the proposed project corridor;

The above listed mitigation measures should be applied and taken into consideration during the site selection and establishment of the different project offices.

• Avoid unnecessary excavation processes and off-road works especially at wadi crossings, hammad and sand dunes areas and utilize the existing roads instead of making new ones whenever applicable;

• Avoid accumulation of excavation piles during rainy season; • Avoid accumulation of excavated material through synchronizing excavation and filling

processes; • Strictly avoid dumping and accumulation of excavation materials and other solid wastes in

the wadi crossings; • Avoid as much as possible building permanent facilities; instead consider the use of mobile

residence facilities; • Avoid sand dunes areas (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as possible;

and • Avoid planting or seeding of crops and exotic species.

After work completion, all work areas should be rehabilitated, smoothed and graded in a manner to substantiate the natural appearance of the surrounding landscape. The restoration option is upon incidence of impact and mainly directed to:

• Restoring as much as possible the surface morphology to maintain natural water flow; and • Restoring wadi side banks in order to maintain natural water flow and reduce erosion.

Installing Appropriate Fluid Waste Collection System In this regard, impermeable septic tanks for domestic wastewater collection should be constructed by the contracting company to serve each of the project main offices and in any temporary workstations, construction camps, storage yards and staging areas along the project route. It should be listed in the construction contract that periodical maintenance for the machines is prohibited within the project site and that those machines and vehicles should be maintained at specialized maintenance stations.



Whenever accidental leakage of fluid waste occurs, the Contractor is responsible to clean the polluted area.

Applying Appropriate Solid Waste Collection System To manage the expected solid wastes, the following measures should be applied:

• Ensure maximum utilization of the generated cut materials (dirt and rocks) in the fill process;

• Establish, operate and monitor temporary solid waste dumping sites within the construction corridor, the generated and temporary dumped solid wastes in these sites should be placed and emptied on biweekly basis and transferred (if not utilized as filling materials in the construction activities) to defined solid waste dumping sites out of the project corridor. Such dumping sites should comply with the stated criteria and approved from the related authorities including the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Environment;

• The generated domestic solid waste by the project employees should be collected properly and transported to the closest municipal landfill. This requires prior coordination with related municipalities. The Contractor should ensure the efficiency of waste collection and transport system though no waste is being mismanaged or accumulated;

• Prolonged accumulation of solid waste (both construction and domestic) is prohibited. The selected temporary dumping sites should be treated only as solid waste transfer stations;

• Avoid using runoffs, wadis and sand dune areas as temporary solid waste storage ground (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as possible;

• Avoid accumulation of excavated material through synchronizing excavation and filling processes;

Dust Control

• Avoid as much as possible removal of green cover; and • Restoration of the temporary storage grounds should be applied soon after finishing the use

of each site. The above listed mitigation measures should be applied also for all types of solid wastes resulting from the construction camps, storage yards and staging areas.

To reduce dust spreading during the construction phase and its negative impacts on the residential areas, especially in Segments (C-1), (C-3) and (B-2) of the project, the Contractor should apply water to the construction surface and other piled materials such as sand as much as needed.

Noise Control Working night shifts should be reduced as much as possible in populated areas. The Jordanian Regulation for ambient noise levels should be applied during this phase and should be a major tool in designing the construction activities schedule.



Correct Selection of the Project Offices, Camps and Temporary Waste Disposal Sites For a correct selection of the project offices, camp, and temporary waste disposal site(s), the following criteria should be applied:

• Located outside the heavily populated residential areas and far from schools or any social establishment especially for Segments C and B of the project;

• Far from the ecologically sensitive habitats, wadis, runoffs and wadi side banks, and sand dune habitats in addition to avoiding vegetated areas;

• Has easy access to the construction sites; to the existing primary roads and to the existing infrastructure; and

• Located outside any known aquifer recharge zones (if possible). Representatives from Ministry of Water and Irrigation and from the local municipalities should participate in this selection. It should be taken into consideration, that the contractor is responsible for restoring the selected site to its original condition.

Correct Selection for the Access Roads In the preparation stage, the Contractor and the Consultant in association with the Traffic Department and Ministry of Public Works and Housing should conduct a detailed survey for selecting the temporary access roads to be used by small and medium sized vehicles during the construction phase in Segments C and B. In selection of temporary access roads, the maximum usage of the present access roads within the project areas should be considered. Also, the temporary access routes should be selected carefully in order to reduce noise levels, protect private properties, and reduce risks to public safety. The relevant governmental authorities should approve engineering specifications for these roads and the types of vehicles to use these accesses.

The proposed service roads in remote areas within Segment A should avoid to the extent possible the biological sensitive habitat and plant communities, especially the runoffs and sand dunes vegetation. It is highly recommended to follow the existing road tracks used by the locals within these areas whenever applicable in order to reduce the magnitude of the impact.

• Avoidance actions: Precautionary approach is often the most cost effective one. These include:

• Avoid the removal of the Acacia trees community and translocation of those unavoidable ones in coordination with related authorities including the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature;

• Avoid wildlife persecution, hunting, animal and plant collection;

(b) Protection of Biological Diversity In addition to what is stated above as mitigation measures, the following actions should be strictly adhered to in order to mitigate the project anticipated impacts on biological environment, especially within Segments A and B. These mitigation measures include:

• Avoid as much as possible removal of green cover; • Minimize night activities;

• Avoid unnecessary movement of project staff mainly at night; • Avoid planting or seedling of crops and exotic species;



• Avoid introduction of pets; • Avoid sand dunes areas (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as

possible; • Avoid unnecessary accumulation and burning of wastes; and • Avoid as much as possible building of permanent facilities and instead consider

the use of mobile residence facilities. • Restoration actions: This is upon incidence of impact and mainly directed to the

restoration actions mentioned above. Such restorations should ensure the restoration of biological diversity and biological communities’ characteristics and features.

(c) Protection of Agricultural Resources Agricultural mitigation measures are as follows:

• Ensure safe passageways dedicated for the use of herders especially in Segments A and B; • Establish mitigation measures for possible negative impact on large-scale farming

companies. Once the current agreement held between the government and the companies expires, two possibilities arise: first, renewal of the agreement, and second, agreements termination. Renewal of the agreement might bring different conditions. The mitigation measures will have to be covered within the agreement itself. If the current agreement is not renewed, however, no mitigation measures are relevant;

• Replant or compensate for removed trees within farms along the route from Qatraneh to Amman;

• Ensure availability of safe passageways can eliminate any inconvenience arising from restrictions on mobility for farms along the route; and

• Dust-related problems may be easily solved through water sprinkling. Problem of cutting trees may be attended to through replanting or compensation. Ensuring availability of safe passageways can eliminate any inconvenience arising from restrictions on mobility.

(d) Mitigating Social Impacts

Resettlement Framework While all necessary land parcels or property required for the construction of the conveyance system have already been expropriated and compensated by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, any new land expropriation issues resulting from modifications to the pipeline alignment would be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARPF) provided in Annex C 24 of Part C- Main Report.

Disi Area Development Plan It has been explained in previous sections that no resettlement of the population in the Disi area, particularly the Bedouin population, will occur as a result of the construction of the conveyance system. However, two points have to be made in this respect:



• The number of Bedouin workers in Disi irrigated farm projects does not exceed 50 persons. Most of these workers are guards and seasonal employees. As their number is small, they can be easily absorbed in the project as guards or manual workers during the construction period or even during operation and maintenance phase; and

• The number of livestock at the Disi farm area is limited to small number of camels, sheep and goats owned by local Bedouins for local consumption. At present, water is provided to livestock from five groundwater wells owned by the Water Authority. The supply of water to the small number of livestock should continue.

Foreign Employment

This part includes damage to property and responsibility of action.

The provisions to address the above issues are described in the Disi Area Development Plan provided in Annex C25 of Part C – Main Report.

A close investigation into the number of Egyptian workers on Disi farm projects indicated that their number does not exceed 100. Almost all of them are employed on temporary basis. Seasonal employment of Egyptian workers particularly during olives or fruit harvest is the most dominant practice. Provisions of the Labour Law in Jordan are not applicable to temporarily recruited persons and agricultural workers. Therefore, the termination of Egyptians work in the year 2011 will have no direct or indirect obligations to the present employers or the Contractor to provide this segment of workers with end of service compensations or reemployment.

Business Disruption The Contractor should take all precautions to prevent damage to private properties during construction or infliction of harm to persons including disruption of work or business to individuals along the pipeline corridor. These precautions should be part and parcel of the contract. Therefore, the Contractor stands responsible for his action or behaviour contrary to the provisions of the Contract. Action of mischief in the Civil Law of Jordan is divided into two parts:

1- Part one: General Provisions (Articles 256-272)

2- Part two: This part includes all actions that may lead to personal impairment or harm to wealth or body:

• Impairment (Articles 273-274); • Deliberate damage of property (Articles 276-278); and • Obtaining property by force or aggression (Articles279-287)

Since it had been reported by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing that over the past three decades no claim for loss of income or disruption of business as a result of infrastructure construction had been submitted or compensated, it is very much doubtful that such claim might be presented as a result of the construction of Disi Project. Responsibility for damage of private property and business disruption however, can be divided into two parts:



1- Negligence of the Contractor to the contract conditions and the instructions of the Consultant, his mischief or that of any of his employees, are governed by the provisions of the employment contract specified in (Chapter 3: Act 1); and

2- If the Contractor abided strictly by the contract conditions, and followed the Consultant's instructions completely and correctly, any damage might occur to other persons or property shall be the responsibility of the Owner (Chapter 3: Act 3).

Reduce the Expected Traffic Disruption In order to avoid and control the expected traffic disruption and the expected accidents that might result, in addition to control of the noise levels during the construction phase, the following mitigation measures should be applied:

• Avoid the closure of the main roads whenever possible; • Carry out all construction activities that might require closure of some roads very rapidly

and at one time though the disruption would be minimum; • Allocate and ensure alternative routes to serve the impacted traffic movement including

loops, bridges or others. Such alternatives should be of sufficient capacity to cope with the disrupted traffic;

• Limit the movement of the construction machinery to the direct project area especially for Segments C and B;

• Prohibit the movement of this machinery outside the project area during peak traffic hours, especially for Segments C and B;

• Limit the movement time for heavy trucks transporting equipments and materials to the project areas to non-peak traffic hours, and not allow them to use internal roads between residential areas close to the project site;

• Use covering for all vehicles transporting raw materials from/to the project site; • Apply strong restriction for the allowable speed limits for all the project vehicles; and • Install all necessary signs and measures to facilitate safety and strict traffic control.

Arranging all the above listed issues should be through coordination with the Traffic Department for a proper traffic management. On the other hand, and due to the expected increase in the traffic density within the other parts of the Southern Amman (Segments C-2 and C-3) city, a quick and comprehensive rehabilitation program should be conducted for the roads system in these parts of the city during the preparation stage for this project.

Formulate Public Safety Program for the Locals and the Workers in the Project In Segments C and B of the project corridor and especially in the populated areas, and where the services establishments are located, access facilities should be located to provide a safe passage for the pedestrians crossing within the project areas. It is recommended that these facilities be in the form of protected pedestrian bridges.

During the course of the work, the Contractor and under the Project Company (PC) supervision should be responsible for providing and properly maintaining all temporary roads and other work required including access to existing service and commercial shops, factories, buildings and the



like. The Project Company (PC) duties include installing, operating and maintaining all required temporary signing, signals, barriers and other safety measures that can assist in conserving the public and the workers safety. (e) Conservation of Archaeological and Cultural Resources

• Adopting special procedures in the vicinity of sites defined as requiring protection. These include protecting the site by fencing, conducting site rescue excavation, conducting site restoration, and implementing signage system to the site.

In areas where the Department of Antiquities knows or suspects the existence of remains under the surface, but where there is insufficient time for archaeological excavation (or the importance of the site dose not warrant full scale investigation prior to construction), a

The Jordanian Antiquities Law No. (12) of 1976 and the Regulations of Archaeological Excavation and Surveys provide the basis for the conservation of archaeological sites in Jordan. The mitigation measures for possible impacts on archaeological sites have been formulated to comply with the above-mentioned law and regulation.

In general, while there is no requirement for any site discovered during the survey to be destroyed, “No Destroy” protection measures are recommended. On the other hand, whenever impact is expected, the mitigation measures might include one or more of the following:

• Cultural Resources Management (CRM) implementation in addition to coordination of responsibilities with CRM monitoring groups including the Department of Antiquities / Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities;

• Penalties for non-compliance; • Shifting the construction activities for a distance that is enough as to protect the site; • Following “Chance-find” Procedures; • Use of exclusion areas; and

Once the final alignment has been fixed and the extent of any earthworks and borrow pits is known, sites that remain classified as not threatened should be revisited and fully documented for record purposes. A set of final engineering drawings, on which archaeological sites within or immediately adjacent to the construction area are defined, should be addressed by the Contractor to the Consultant and to the Department of Antiquities prior to starting the work. In addition, details of the site specific measures outlined in the next section will be provided as instructions to the Contractor. In general, for projects entering the construction stage, four points could be added to contract documents which would be beneficial for the protection of archaeological sites. These are as follows:

1- Borrow Areas: The locations of borrow areas and quarry sites selected by the Contractor should be approved by the Department of Antiquities to prevent antiquities being damaged by quarrying or borrow excavation. Such inspection should not be unreasonably delayed.

2- Observation of Construction Excavation



representative of Department of Antiquities should be present during the opening of any excavation or borrow pit to identify and record any archaeological remains found.

• If any archaeological site or remains were found during construction, the Contractor should directly contact the Department of Antiquities.

• The cost of the further salvage excavation will be included in the Bill of Quantities as a provisional sum.

3- Additional Salvage Excavation

In areas where Department of Antiquities has determined that further salvage excavation will be necessary, based on the information developed during the Final Design phase, salvage excavation will be carried out at the beginning of the construction phase. Construction activities should be scheduled so as to leave any such area until late in the construction process, and thus the archaeological excavation would not delay construction activities.

4- Archaeological Chance Find

• If any sites were found during construction and will be damaged by construction activities, the Department of Antiquities will assess the discovered remains and will carry out an emergency salvage excavation. Salvage excavation means archaeological excavation conducted during construction phase. It should be conducted only when an archaeological site is found by accident (chance find) during construction. Given the short time available for a salvage excavation, this type of work should be avoided.

• The available short time for salvage excavations cannot be considered an authorization to destroy the discovered remains or site. Since each site must be given proper consideration and analysis before its destruction can be authorized.

• The Contractor should seek the written approval of the Department of Antiquities before the removal of any chance find building, foundation, structure, fence and other obstruction over 50 years old and of which any portion is in the right-of-way. All designated salvageable material shall be removed, without causing unnecessary damage and in sections or pieces which may be readily transported, and shall be stored by the Contractor at approved locations for later use or possession of the Department of Antiquities.

(f) Monitoring Physical Environment

Conducting Site Inspection

The Environmental and Social Management Plan Coordinator should conduct site inspection on daily basis to monitor all construction activities according to the prepared construction schedule from an environmental point of view. Authorized representatives from the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the responsible municipalities should have a free passage and access to all parts of the project and at all times.

Air Quality and Noise Level Monitoring An air quality-monitoring program should be applied to monitor the dust levels and air emissions from vehicles. This program should be done at least two times per year at selected sites along the project layout. The major parameter to be measured includes but is not limited to Total Suspended Particles (TSP).



Noise level monitoring program should be conducted. Frequency of this program should be once a month during the construction phase, and each time should extend for 24 hours. The major parameters to be measured include but are not limited to:

• Noise; and

The monitoring of solid waste management operations should cover the following:

• Vibration. It is understood that the Contractor will coordinate with reputable research institution to conduct the proposed air quality and noise monitoring programs. The Royal Scientific Society is known to have this capacity in Jordan.

Monitoring of Solid Waste Management

• Solid waste generation, including quality and quantity; • Collection and transportation efficiency; • Suitability of final disposal sites; and • Solid waste accumulation within the project corridor in terms of volumes and frequency of

removal. (g) Monitoring of Biological Environment For the biological environment, the frequency of monitoring is mostly periodical monitoring (every three months) combined with follow up on daily basis and annual auditing. The following are the biological environment monitoring indicators and responsibilities:

• Maintained pre-project land utilization and access (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator); • Maintained Runoffs; • Natural vegetation cover is maintained (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator, Royal Society for

Conservation of Nature and Ministry of Agriculture); • Hunting is banned (ESMP Coordinator); • Accidental kills are minimum (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator); • Breeding seasons are undisturbed (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator); and • Migration seasons are avoided (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator).

The monitoring methodology comprises the following activities:

• Monitor the natural conditions of surface water flow between pre and post project activities including runoffs habitat and geomorphology;

• Monitor plant communities’ changes; • Monitor habitat deterioration (some species can be used as indicators for habitat

deterioration such as Citrillus and Peganum sp.); • Monitor accidental killing of animals (car accidents, falling in ditches, persecution, etc.); • Monitor wintering bird species;



• Monitor key herpeto-faunal and faunal species; • Monitor oil spills and solid waste accumulation; and • Monitor accessibility to Abu-Tarfa area and to Disi area through Batn El-Ghoul.

(h) Monitoring of Agricultural Resources

The following components should be monitored on regular basis:

• Availability of safe passageways that can eliminate inconvenience arising from restrictions on mobility for farms along the route.

• Public safety measures and public safety program implementation and efficiency;

• Safe passageways dedicated for the use of herders especially in Segments A and B; • Removal of trees within farms along the route from Qatraneh to Amman and their re-

planting or compensation; and

(i) Monitoring Social Aspects The following social component should be monitored as part of the ESMP monitoring program:

• Employment: this includes the percentage of locals and foreigners to the total employment; • Business Disruption: should include, but not be limited to, damage to private properties

during construction or to inflict harm to persons including disruption of work or business to individuals along the pipeline corridor;

• Locals complains about project related disturbances, noise and health aspects; • Traffic disruption incidence including location of occurrence, duration, actions made to

mitigate the impact and if any accidents resulted from such disruption; • Disruption of infrastructure utilities including telephone connections, electricity, water,

sewer and other utilities; and • Implementation of the Traffic Disruptions Control Program. Such component should be

under the direct supervision of the Traffic Department in each of the different project areas.

Monitoring the Maintenance of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities It is the responsibility of the Contractor and the Consultant to monitor the maintenance of pedestrian crossing facilities to be constructed along the project layout in coordination with the authorized departments at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in association with the Greater Amman Municipality in addition to the different municipalities along the project corridor. (j) Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites Monitoring The following components should be monitored on regular basis:

• Cultural Resources Management (CRM) implementation in addition to coordination of responsibilities with CRM monitoring groups including the Department of Antiquities / Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. This includes monitoring disruption to the archaeological features;



• Compliance / non-compliance with the stated mitigation measures; • Shifting the construction activities for a distance as enough as to protect the site; • Following “Chance-find” Procedures; • Exclusion areas; and • Special procedures in the vicinity of sites defined as requiring protection. These include:

• Site restoration; and • Signage system to the site.

• Site by fencing; • Site rescue excavation;

6.6.2.2 Operation Phase (a) Protecting Biological Environment During the operation phase of the project, it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) to prohibit removal of green cover, control accidental and deliberate persecution of wildlife caused and disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species by the increased accessibility to the sensitive habitat within Segment A. This can be achieved through proper awareness activities, site signage and regular patrolling. On the other hand, it is the responsibility of the Operator to:

• Avoid the removal of the Acacia trees community and translocation of those unavoidable ones in coordination with related authorities including the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature;

• Avoid as much as possible removal of green cover; • Minimize night activities; • Avoid wildlife persecution, hunting, animal and plant collection; • Avoid unnecessary movement of project staff mainly at night; • Avoid planting or seedling of crops and exotic species; • Avoid introduction of pets; • Avoid sand dunes areas (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as possible; • Avoid unnecessary burning and accumulation; and • Avoid as much as possible building of permanent facilities and instead consider the use of

mobile residence facilities. The monitoring responsibility should be coordinated between the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and meetings be held on regular basis against the above mentioned impacted features. The monitoring of the employees adherence to the stated mitigation measures should be assigned to project operating firm. It is proposed that specialized monitoring will be conducted on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the full range of measures to be taken by the government, RSCN and the Operator.



(b) Mitigating and Monitoring Social Impacts

Applying and Monitoring Appropriate Public Safety Program

• Environmental Management Documentation

This program is designed for both the workers and the local communities located close to the booster and pumping stations along the project route. All these stations should be fenced and have daily guarding system. In addition to that, the local communities should understand through the public media and the local schools within the project corridor, the importance of conserving all of the project facilities. More over all the workers in these stations should wear safety equipments such as safety helmets and shoes during their work shifts and should get a specialized public safety course related to such facilities. The expected fluid and solid wastes resulting from the project facilities should be disposed of properly and as follows:

• The human fluid wastes should be disposed of to the wastewater collection system (where available) or to appropriate septic tanks and pumped out on monthly basis;

• The fluid wastes resulting from the daily work activities should be collected in special tanks and sent on monthly basis to the nearest dumping site; and

• The resulting solid wastes should be collected on a weekly basis and sent to the nearest dumping site.

The Jordanian Regulation for ambient noise levels should be applied to control the expected noise levels generated from operating the pumping stations especially those located close to the residential areas. It is the responsibility of the Environment Department at the Ministry of Water and Irrigation in association with the local municipalities and the Greater Amman municipality (for sites located within the Jurisdictions of Amman municipality) to supervise and monitor the implementation of the above listed measures. 6.6.2.3 Remediation Phase

The mitigation measures proposed to cope with the anticipated construction-remediation phase are dealt with as construction impacts, while the overall project remediation impacts will be same as those described for the construction phase if the remediation alternative is to remove the pipeline for any reason. Such alternative is not recommended, and it would be more efficient to reuse the pipeline in case other water resources are allocated form the southern part of Jordan; for example, reuse the pipeline to convey water from a desalination project.

6.6.3 Implementation, Operation and Control Effective implementation and operation of the Environmental and Social Management plan require clear-cut identification of responsibilities that will guide assigning tasks. Other implementation related components include:

• Training, awareness and competence; • Communication;



• Document Control; • Operational Control; and • Emergency Preparedness and Response.

The ESMP Unit (Management Representative) should ensure the following in order to fulfil the awareness and training requirements:

• Training needs are identified. Training requirements for each operational unit within the project are established;

• Consequences of failure to comply with the above.

6.6.3.1 Training, Awareness and Competence Efficient implementation and operation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) require both the Consultant and the Contractor to have competent capacities, wise management and environmentally aware employees. The Management representative- ESMP Coordinator- should have sufficient experience in environmental and social management, and good communication skills, while the technical support staff should have considerable experience in environmental monitoring, auditing and evaluation. On the other hand, the project employees should be environmentally aware of the project nature and impacts, so they would develop their appreciation and thorough commitment to the ESMP requirements, complexity and integrity. Furthermore, acting according to the ESMP programs and procedures is obligatory, where similar awareness and training activities will ensure faithful and competent commitment of the employees to these requirements, and reduce the cost of enforcement. Each employee should be educated and motivated to appreciate and act according to the issued mitigation measures. Such requirement should be tackled in the pre-construction phase in order to have the employees acting as per of the stated course of procedures and actions. During the construction phase, the employees’ acts and awareness level should be monitored and developed.

Adequate training of senior staff and orientation of project staff is also considered as a cost effective means to reduce impacts.

• Personnel are trained in their specific environmental responsibilities that are directly related to significant aspects, targets, and objectives of the ESMP;

• Personnel that do not have a significant role, receive awareness training; • New-hires and re-assigned personnel are given appropriate training on the specific aspects

of their new positions; • Personnel are kept abreast of regulatory changes that impact their job performance; and • Training includes communication of the following:

• Requirements of the ESMP and the importance of regulatory compliance with policy;

• Potential effects of the employee's work, both negative and positive: • Responsibility in achieving compliance with policies, regulations and ESMP

requirements; and

The proposed awareness and training sessions can be conducted by either the ESMP Management Unit or by a/ reputable independent consultant.



6.6.3.2 Communication Efficient communication should be maintained at both external and internal levels. The external communication can be demonstrated in three main channels:

• PMU – Consultant Communication Channel; • Contractor – Consultant Communication Channel; and • Consultant – Local and National Stakeholders Communication Channel.

The overall advantage of this communication program is to ensure that the anticipated adverse impacts and risks can be effectively mitigated.

The ESMP-Technical Coordinator should effectively communicate internally with the variant project components and divisions, and externally through the defined channels and about the public concerns and complains of implementing the proposed project, project effects on their health, wealth and environment. Also, the ESMP-Technical Coordinator should communicate and cooperate on continuous basis with the related authorities, projects and utilities providers in order to avoid or minimize, to the extent possible, disruptions. 6.6.3.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response Emergency preparedness should be given the priority during the ESMP implementation and operation, where all key procedures should be reviewed for emergency preparation, including the health and safety programs (for public and employee communities) that have to be established in compliance with the Jordanian standards issued by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. Also, these programs should comply with the standards and regulations stated in the project Terms of Reference (TOR). The Contractor should develop procedures for managing these potentialities and to train key personnel on these procedures. Also he should ensure that adequate and correct emergency equipment are available where they should be. After a drill or incidents occurrence, these processes should be reviewed and modified.

6.6.4 Checking Corrective Action and Management Review

The ESMP implementation and performance should be monitored continually; performance, conformance and non-conformance audit should be applied on quaternary basis in order to adapt the plan by adopting effective corrections whenever needed. Environmental audit (Eco Audit) should be conducted on annual basis. All records should be stored in a well-ordered and easily accessible manner, enabling individual items to be located easily and ensuring that the records are protected. The audit reports should be prepared and reported in accordance to the stated reporting structure. Also it should be available to the public and stakeholders through the identified information centres including Ministry of Water and Irrigation, World Bank and the project offices.



A top management review of the ESMP should be applied on a periodic basis as per a documented procedure to ensure its continued suitability and effectiveness. During the review, management should effectively utilize all available information, including internal and external audit findings, environmental concerns, objectives, targets, non-compliance, and corrective and preventive actions in order to improve the ESMP implementation.

With relation to the physical environment, and during the construction phase, the expected temporary impacts include: high noise levels, increased dust levels, fluid and solid wastes generation, locals and employees public safety, ongoing infrastructure utilities disturbance, construction of access roads, and traffic disruption. The only expected permanent impact that might result during this phase is the damage to landscape and change in natural drainage system and local geomorphology. In the operation stage, the potential impacts are those related to abstracting water from the Disi aquifer.

• Formulation of public safety program for the locals and the workers in the project; and

The review results will be recorded and maintained and the concerned personnel will implement the resulting decisions and actions taken.

Along the project route, the major sources of noise and dust within Segment C can be related to the different human activities without the presence of any major source for noise and/or air quality deterioration. As for Segments (B-1) and (A-2), these suffer from air quality deterioration and high noise levels due to the phosphate extraction and manufacturing process practiced in the Hasa and Al-Abiad mines. These activities result in the accumulation of hills of friable carbonate rocks that are subjected to the blowing winds causing high dust levels and impacting a major part of the Desert Highway most of the year.

In addition to its usage to transport phosphate from the mines in Al-Hasa area to the Aqaba port, the Desert Highway serves and connects the central and northern parts of the Kingdom with the southern Governorates. Accordingly, this highway suffers from high traffic density caused by a mixture of vehicles. Also, the roads system located between Madaba Bridge and Abu-Alanda reservoir (Segment C-1), suffers at present from high traffic density as it is serving as the main route used by the residences of east Amman and serving the industrial city in Sahab area. This road system will be subjected to another increase in traffic density during the construction phase in order to connect the proposed main water pipe with the New Abu-Alanda reservoir.

The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts in the construction stage to minimal level include the following:

• Conservation of natural landscape and natural resources; • Installation of appropriate fluid waste collection system; • Application of appropriate solid waste collection system; • Control of air quality, dust and noise; • Correct selection of the project offices and camps location; • Reduction of the expected traffic disruption;

• Correct selection of the access roads. During the operation stage, it is recommended to apply appropriate public safety measures.

During the construction phase, the monitoring of the above listed mitigation plans will be the responsibility of the project company in association with representatives from the major governmental authorities related to such a project, while in the operation stage the monitoring program should be the responsibility of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation.



7 CONSULTATIONS TO SUPPORT PREPARATION OF THE ESA STUDY Public consultation is a powerful tool to ensure the involvement of potentially affected groups and national capacities in the decision-making process with regard to the environmental and social aspects of their concern. The consultations allow the participation of stakeholders so as to identify social and environmental concerns at the beginning of the ESA process. Also it is considered as an important tool for informing and educating the public in order to enhance their understanding and appreciation to the following:

• The need and nature of the proposed development;

• The potential impacts of the project on the environmental, socio-economical and archaeological settings; and

Of the 87 invitees to Amman scoping session, 53 attended the consultation and of the 61 invitees to Aqaba scoping session 38 attended. Those attendees represented various stakeholders including ministries and governmental authorities, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, universities, community representatives and private sector.

• The need to protect and properly manage our environment;

• The role of the public in protecting their local environment.

During the course of development of the ESA a set of communication and consultation activities have been conducted in order to ensure that the stakeholders’ views, issues of concern, foreseen impacts and concerns are taken into consideration while assessing the project related alternatives and impacts. The Government and the Consultant have undertaken a two phase consultation process; the first phase was when the study was started and the second when the draft ESA was ready. The results of those consultation sessions are presented below. 7.1 First Phase of Public Consultation

For elaborating on the environmental and social impacts associated with the project as well as on the status of water resources in Jordan in the assessment study, the MWI with the support of the Consultant held two scoping sessions - one in Amman and one in Aqaba. Amman scoping session was held on March 27th, 2003 and targeted population of Amman and Madaba areas. The Aqaba scoping session was held on April 3rd, 2003 and hosted the target population of Disi, Aqaba, Tafileh and Ma’an. The aim of having two scoping sessions was to insure that the community representatives of the areas influenced by the Disi-Mudawarra to Amman water conveyance project would have the chance to participate in the scoping sessions.

The environmental and social issues that need to be assessed were identified from the results of the scoping activities. This was mainly through the focus group discussions, scoping session questionnaire results and the issues raised during the questions and comments. The issues identified as significant and to be addressed in the Environmental and Social Assessment Study are presented in Table 20.



Table 20: Significant issues identified in the first phase of public consultation Assessed

Component Significant Issues

Water Resources

A-biotic Environment

Agricultural Resources

Impacts of the increase in dust levels on the farms within Segment A of the project area. Sustainability of agricultural activities in the Disi area in terms of cost return, economical value and social value. Reduction of soil fertility due to new imported soil in the area extending from Jiza to Amman. Reduction of the agricultural areas or removing olive trees along the conveyor route.

Justification of the project need. Contribution of the Disi project to Jordan’s water budget and other alternatives considered for facing the water shortage problem. Potential impact of noise on nearby local communities and workers at the project construction site at Segment C of the project and at Segments A and C of the project during operation phase due to the pump stations. Potential impact of increased dust levels in all segments of the project area only during the construction phase. The concern is mainly for:

• Public safety for workers and local communities; and

Change in the geomorphological system of the Segment A area to a large extent. Fluid and Solid wastes resulting from the construction phase at all three segments of the project, including:

• Cutting and demolition wastes;

Opening temporary access roads haphazardly in order to reach to the construction sites at Segment A.

Transportation from Aqaba Port and the need to coordinate with the Port Institute.

• Nearby farms in the project and nearby areas.

• Construction material wastes; • Oil and grease residues; and • Human wastes of the workers.

Tectonic activity in the Segment A area and its impact on the project during both construction and operation phases. Increase in traffic during construction phase along the three segments of the project area due to vehicles related to the project especially heavy vehicles and the traffic problems associated with them.

Potential impact on soil stability at Segment C of the project area. Potential impact on air quality during the construction phase and along the three segments of the project with consideration to effects of silica and vehicles emissions. Public safety for the workers and the local communities at all segment of the project during the construction phase.

Biotic Environment Destruction of vegetative cover (especially acacia at Batn El-Ghoul area).

Accumulation of solid waste. Disturbance of natural habitats (Hammad, Sand Dunes, Qeea’an, and wadis). Potential impact on important bird areas and important natural habitats.

Increase in hunting of flora, fauna and birds by the workers on the project. Hunting of the Oryx that will be reintroduced and of the Ghazal by the workers on the project construction.



Table 20: Significant issues identified in the first phase of public consultation (contd.) Assessed

Component Significant Issues

Social Component

Archaeological and Cultural Heritage

Allocation of percentage of required labour for the local residents alongside the pipeline and in Disi. Consideration of the rules for public safety during digging and construction by coordinating efforts with the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, the Municipality of Greater Amman, and the Department of Traffic.

Compensation for damage incurred to commercial institutions (especially at Qatraneh, Al Jiza, and Abu Alanda).

Coordination with the various service establishments.

Disruption of traffic movement for residents and large vehicles. This impact is expected to be along the Desert Highway and the last third of the conveyor route.

Bedouin (Badia area and the tribes available there). Coordination with the army in order to identify possible mine areas along the route of the conveyor.

Launching public awareness campaign explaining the benefits of the project before and during work.

Studying of the available services (especially high voltage lines and towers bases) and obstacles at the path of the pipeline before offering tender for the project. Keeping away from cross-roads as much as possible.

Improvement of public health due to improvement of the water quality which is a positive impact.

Public health and safety considerations during the construction phase.

Impact on archaeological sites at Segment C mainly the Cave of Seven sleepers and the Khirbet Es-Suq Mausoleum.

7.2 Second Phase of Public Consultations on the Draft ESA Three second phase consultation sessions were held in Abu-Alanda, Amman and Aqaba, consecutively. Abu-Alanda second consultation session targeted the areas of Abu-Alanda, Khirbet Es-Suq, and El-Quesmeh whereas Amman second consultation session targeted Amman, Madaba and Al Jiza areas. Aqaba second consultation session hosted the target population of Disi, Aqaba, Tafileh, Ma’an and Al-Qatraneh areas. In Amman, 93 people were invited, however, 48 attended from several ministries, universities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and companies. In Aqaba, 49 people were invited but 28 attended. As for Abu-Alanda, invitations were done by door-to-door visits to randomly selected residences and commercial shops along the portion of the conveyor route passing through the areas of Abu-Alanda, Khirbet Es-Suq, and El-Quesmeh.

e 21

The participants in all the areas commented on the various aspects of the project and the likely areas of impact. The significant comments are summarized in Tabl .



Table 21: Significant issues identified during the second phase of public consultation

Significant Issues Assessed Component

Water Resources

A-biotic Environment

Social Component

Archaeological and Cultural Heritage

The alternative sources of water for the Disi people since the Disi water is nonrenewable. Whether the Disi project will lead to a change in the water tariff. The effect of the project on the quality of the Disi water. To have the wells, pumping stations and any other project structure that is visible within the boundaries of the Rum Reserve designed to be in harmony with their surrounding environment especially that the area is a touristic one. Providing training for locals from Disi area in order to employ them in the operation of the Disi project. The right of the Disi people to have drinking water and give the organizations the right to dig alternative wells for small agricultural activities and livestock. The environmental and psychological impacts on the local people in the Disi area because of the termination of contracts for agricultural farms and the consequent loss of work opportunities. The long term benefits of the Disi project. The effect of the project on the Cave of Seven Sleepers area, the Mosque and the people in the area.

Construction Related Issues

Concern that at the end of the construction the Contractor does not restore the streets back to their original conditions. Measures that will be adopted by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation to ensure that the Contractor conforms to the environmental and social management plan.

Contractor compliance to proper procedures of implementation and construction. Issue of holes being dug and left open for a long time without any protection and without providing access roads to pass at places where these holes interrupt entrance into commercial shops along the road. Issue of damaging utilities and interrupting the services provided by those utilities.

The need to have coordination between the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing regarding the route of the Disi Conveyor.

7.3 Disclosure Materials were provided by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Consultant in Arabic and English for participants in the First and Second Phase consultation processes and also made available at selected locations in the project area. The Executive Summary in Arabic and English and the Main Report in English of the Environmental and Social Assessment will be disclosed at a number of locations in Jordan as listed below and at the InfoShop of the World Bank in Washington, D.C. A complete copy of the Environmental and Social Assessment Study will be disclosed at the following locations:

• Ministry of Water and Irrigation; • Ministry of Environment; and • Aqaba Special Economic Zone.




The Executive Summaries in English and Arabic for the Disi Environmental and Social Assessment Study will be disclosed at the following locations:

• Ministry of Public Works and Housing; • Ministry of Health; • Ministry of Municipal Affairs; • Ministry of Agriculture; • Royal Society for Conservation of Nature;

• Governorates of Karak, Tafileh, Ma’an and Madaba• Department of Antiquities; and

.