Ò¯^cœ cÖK‡íÓ MÖvgxY miKvwi AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿ‡bi mv‡ RwoZ · 2.LuvPvi wfZi gvQ Pvl cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg- AvBGjI Ges BDGbwWwci w¯‹j †Uªwbs A¨vÛ G¨vgcøq‡g›U

Ò¯^cœ cÖK‡íÓ MÖvgxY miKvwi AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿ‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ

gwnjvKgx©‡ì Rb¨ cÖYxZ-

KuvKov I gvQ Pvl

cÖwkÿY gwWDj

†gqv`Kvj: 6 w`b

GB gwWDj cÖYq‡b:

1. KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Kjv‡KŠkj - evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU2.LuvPvi wfZi gvQ Pvl cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg- AvBGjI Ges BDGbwWwci w¯‹j †Uªwbs A¨vÛ G¨vgcøq‡g›U cÖ‡gvkb

di DB‡gb _ªy †÷ªs‡`wbs Ae †UKwbK¨vj †Uªwbs †m›Uvim wewRwW/97/022 3.gvQ I KuvKov Pvl gwWDj- Iqv©W wdk †m›Uvi, A·dvg Ges

4.KvuKov Pvl gwWDj- mykxjb wiKj cÖK‡íi gwWDj mg~‡ni mnvqZv †bqv n‡q‡Q

cÖ¯‘ZKiY t

¯^cœ

¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM

¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq

mn‡hvwMZvq t

¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM

BDGbwWwc evsjv‡`k I gvwi‡Kv evsjv‡`k

f~wgKv

†÷ªs‡`wbs DB‡gbm& GwewjwU di †cÖvWvw±f wbD AciPzwbwUm& (¯^cœ) cÖKíwU MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi Gi ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwqK Lv`¨ NvUwZ cÖeY, `vwi`ª¨ cxwoZ Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ SyuwKc~Y© GjvKv KzwoMÖvg I mvZÿxiv GjvKvi 124wU BDwbq‡b †gvU 4464 Rb gwnjv DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì Rb¨ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| BDGbwWwc cÖKíwU ev¯Íevq‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q mgwš^Z mvgwóK A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡bi gva‡g A_©‡bwZK Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM¸‡jv MÖvgxY nZ-`wi`ª bvix I Amnvq Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ges Zv‡ì‡K AvKw¯§K wec`vcbœZv †_‡K myiÿv I †UKmB RxweKv wbev©‡n mnvqZv Kiv|

¯^cœ cÖK‡íi gwnjv DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì `ÿ Rbkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ BDGbwWwc, evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY (TVET) Gi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi w`‡”Q| G †cÖwÿ‡Z AvBGjI Gi Kgy¨wbwU †eRW& †Uªwbs di iæivj BK‡bvwgK GgcvIqvi‡g›U (CB-TREE) c×wZ Abymi‡Y evRvi Pvwn`v I ¯^‡cœi DcKvi‡fvMxi cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiæc‡bi gva¨‡g DcKvi‡fvMxi `ÿZv Dbœqb I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói j‡ÿ¨ Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb-Dbœq‡b Kvh©Kixf~wgKv ivL‡e|

G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L ¯^cœ cÖKí wewfbœ KvwiMwi e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì †UKmB RxebhvÎvi Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|

¯^cœ cÖKí DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì cvwievwiK chv©‡q ÿy`ª AvKv‡i Ges chv©qµ‡g gvSvwi I eo AvKv‡ii wewfbœ ai‡bi KuvKov I gv‡Qi Lvgvi cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì m¤ú„³ K‡i AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ KvuKov I gvQ Pvl welqK cÖwkÿY gwWDj cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i‡Q| GB cÖwkÿY gwWDjwU cÖYqbKv‡j DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì AwfÁZv, `ÿZv, wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv, aviY-ÿgZv Ges Avek¨KZv we‡ePbvq †i‡L 6 w`‡bi G gwWDjwU cªbxZ n‡q‡Q|

G gwWDjwU P~ovšÍKi‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv avc AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q :

cÖ_gZt †Rjv ch©v‡qi ’vbxq miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vmg~‡ni welqwfwËK we‡klÁ I ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi Kg©KZ©ve„‡›ì AskMÖn‡Y Lmov gwWDj ˆZwi Kiv nq| gwWDjwU ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi 1g P‡µi GB †Uª‡Wi `ÿZv Dbœqb cÖwkÿ‡b wdì †Uó wnmv‡e eëüZ nq Ges cÖvß wdWe¨vK¸‡jv gwWDjmg~‡n ms‡hvRb Kiv nq|

wØZxqZt gwWDjwU hvPvB I P~ovšÍKi‡Y †Rjv ch©v‡q MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖvYx m¤ú` Awa`ßi, grm¨ Awa`ßi, hye Dbœqb Awa`ßi, gwnjv welqK Awa`ßi, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi Gi Kg©KZ©ve„›` Ges wewfbœ Dbœqb ms¯’v †hgb : †Kqvi evsjv‡`k, AFAD, mykxjb, BGmwWI, eª vK, AviwWAviGm evsjv‡`k, SIYB Founda�on of Bangladesh mg~‡ni welqwfwËK we‡klÁ‡ì mnvqZv †bqv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI ¯’vbxq mdj eëmvqxi mywPwšÍZ gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ `ywU hvPvB KiY Kg©kvjv (Valida�on Workshop) Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv gwWD‡j ms‡hvRb Kiv nq|

Z…ZxqZt Lmov gwWDj¸‡jv P~ovšÍKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ ¯^cœ cÖK‡íi XvKv Awd‡m Abyiƒc Av‡iv 1wU hvPvBKiY Kg©kvjv (Valida�on Workshop) Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Kg©kvjvq Dcw¯’Z mKj ch©v‡qi we‡klÁMY Zv‡ì gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸‡jv ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb K‡i P‚ovšÍ K‡ib| †h mKj miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vi Kg©KZ©ve„›` wewfbœ ch©v‡q Dcw¯’Z †_‡K g~jëvb mgq I †gav w`‡q gwWDj¸‡jv P~ovšÍKi‡Y mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zvu‡ì cÖwZ Avgiv AvšÍwiKfv‡e K…ZÁ| gwWDj¸‡jvi mwVK evbvb wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ Avgiv cÖæd wiWvi Rbve g`b P›`, cÖMwZ †cÖmiscyi †K Avgv‡ì K…ZÁZv RvbvB|

G gwWDjwU AcwieZ©bxq bq, GwU GKRb cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU MvBW gvÎ| †mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cÖwkÿK †h †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b, cwiea©b, ms‡hvRb Ges we‡qvRb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Avkv Kiv hvq G gwWDjwU Abymi‡Y GKRb cÖwkÿK h_vm¤¢e ’vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨ DcKiY eënvi K‡i, ÿZvi mv‡_ ÔKvuKov I gvQ PvlÕ welqK gvbm¤úbœ cÖwkÿY I mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g m¤¢vebvgq D‡`¨v³v‡ì aviYv, `„wófw½, Ávb I `ÿZvi weKvk NUv‡Z we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡eb|

01

cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

cÖwk¶‡Yi mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨:

MÖvgxY ch©v‡q `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ, AwaKviewÂZ bvix‡ì AvZ¥wRÁvmv I Av‡Z¥vcjwä m„wói gva¨‡g DbœqbgyLx wewfbœ ai‡bi KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡ì AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv| Gi d‡j ¯’vwqZ¡kxj Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwkÿ‡Yi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨mg~n:

• KuvKov Pv‡li cyKzi I †Ni wbe©vPb Ges cÖ¯‘wZ, cyKzi I †N‡ii gvwU, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖÖ‡qvM, eë¯’vcbv I KuvKov AvniY m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf I Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY m¤c‡K© aviYv jvf Ges Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • KuvKov †gvUvZvRvKiY Ges †N‡i I LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Ges Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi, LuvPv ¯’vcb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi myweav, Amyweav eY©bv Ges gRy`-cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • mwVKfv‡e KuvKov AvniY Ges Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • †N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • Kvc©RvZxq gvQ Pvl †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ wPb‡Z Ges Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • cyKzi ms¯‹v‡ii †KŠkj Ges iv¶z‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ wPwýZ I `~ixKiY †KŠkj wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; • cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb mvi I Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi aviYv jvf Ges Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb; • fv‡jv Lvivc †cvbv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • wgkª gvQ Pvl c×wZ I Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ m¤c‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v m¤c‡K© aviYv jvf Ges Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li jvf-¶wZi wnmve eyS‡Z Ges Zv nv‡Z-Kj‡g Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb |

cÖwkÿY gwWD‡ji welqmg~n • KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v, we¯Í…wZ I evm¯’vb, KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (‡gvUvZvRvKiY) ¸iæZ¡, KuvKov Pv‡li cyKzi I †Ni wbe©vPb Ges cÖ¯‘wZ, cyKzi I †N‡ii gvwU, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, eë¯’vcbv I KuvKov AvniY; • KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (‡gvUvZvRvKiY) Ges †N‡i I LuvPvq KuvKov gRy`, LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj: euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi, LuvPv ¯’vcb, cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi myweav I Amyweav; • LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gRy`-cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v, mwVKfv‡e KuvKov AvniY Ges cieZ©x cwiPh©v; • †N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj; • KuvKov evRviRvZKiY cÖwµqv, c¨v‡KwRs Ges cwienb cÖwµqv; • g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi BwZnvm, Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pvl †KŠkj; • cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y, cvwbi welv³Zv cix¶v, gv‡Qi mwVK cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb; • cÖRvwZ †f‡` gv‡Qi Lv`¨vf¨vm Ges K‡¤úv÷ mv‡ii ¸iæZ¡, gRy`-cieZ©x Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡bv Ges m¤c~iK Lv`¨, cyKzi ms¯‹v‡ii †KŠkj, iv¶z‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ wPwýZ I `~ixKiY; • cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb mvi I Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi aviYv; • fv‡jv-Lvivc †cvbv kbv³, †cvbv †kvab, †cvbv cwienb I Af¨¯ÍKiY; • wgkÖ gvQ Pvl c×wZ, wgkÖ gvQ Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡, gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva; • Avq-e¨q I jvf-¶wZi wnmve gvQ I KuvKovi e„w×i nvi cwigvc|

cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

cÖwk¶‡Yi mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨:

MÖvgxY ch©v‡q `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ, AwaKviewÂZ bvix‡ì AvZ¥wRÁvmv I Av‡Z¥vcjwä m„wói gva¨‡g DbœqbgyLx wewfbœ ai‡bi KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡ì AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv| Gi d‡j ¯’vwqZ¡kxj Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwkÿ‡Yi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨mg~n:

• KuvKov Pv‡li cyKzi I †Ni wbe©vPb Ges cÖ¯‘wZ, cyKzi I †N‡ii gvwU, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖÖ‡qvM, eë¯’vcbv I KuvKov AvniY m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf I Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY m¤c‡K© aviYv jvf Ges Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • KuvKov †gvUvZvRvKiY Ges †N‡i I LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Ges Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi, LuvPv ¯’vcb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi myweav, Amyweav eY©bv Ges gRy`-cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • mwVKfv‡e KuvKov AvniY Ges Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • †N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • Kvc©RvZxq gvQ Pvl †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ wPb‡Z Ges Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • cyKzi ms¯‹v‡ii †KŠkj Ges iv¶z‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ wPwýZ I `~ixKiY †KŠkj wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; • cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb mvi I Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi aviYv jvf Ges Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb; • fv‡jv Lvivc †cvbv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • wgkª gvQ Pvl c×wZ I Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ m¤c‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v m¤c‡K© aviYv jvf Ges Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li jvf-¶wZi wnmve eyS‡Z Ges Zv nv‡Z-Kj‡g Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb |

cÖwkÿY gwWD‡ji welqmg~n • KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v, we¯Í…wZ I evm¯’vb, KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (‡gvUvZvRvKiY) ¸iæZ¡, KuvKov Pv‡li cyKzi I †Ni wbe©vPb Ges cÖ¯‘wZ, cyKzi I †N‡ii gvwU, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, eë¯’vcbv I KuvKov AvniY; • KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (‡gvUvZvRvKiY) Ges †N‡i I LuvPvq KuvKov gRy`, LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj: euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi, LuvPv ¯’vcb, cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi myweav I Amyweav; • LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gRy`-cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v, mwVKfv‡e KuvKov AvniY Ges cieZ©x cwiPh©v; • †N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj; • KuvKov evRviRvZKiY cÖwµqv, c¨v‡KwRs Ges cwienb cÖwµqv; • g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi BwZnvm, Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pvl †KŠkj; • cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y, cvwbi welv³Zv cix¶v, gv‡Qi mwVK cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb; • cÖRvwZ †f‡` gv‡Qi Lv`¨vf¨vm Ges K‡¤úv÷ mv‡ii ¸iæZ¡, gRy`-cieZ©x Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡bv Ges m¤c~iK Lv`¨, cyKzi ms¯‹v‡ii †KŠkj, iv¶z‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ wPwýZ I `~ixKiY; • cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb mvi I Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi aviYv; • fv‡jv-Lvivc †cvbv kbv³, †cvbv †kvab, †cvbv cwienb I Af¨¯ÍKiY; • wgkÖ gvQ Pvl c×wZ, wgkÖ gvQ Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡, gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva; • Avq-e¨q I jvf-¶wZi wnmve gvQ I KuvKovi e„w×i nvi cwigvc|

02

cÖwkÿY c×wZmg~n

cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi g~j †KŠkj n‡e eq¯‹ wkÿv AbymiY, hv wb‡¤œv³ cÖwkÿY c×wZi Dci wbf©ikxj:

• e³…Zv, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv • jxq Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcb • gy³ wPšÍvi So • gy³ Av‡jvPbv • AwfÁZv wewbgq • Abykxjb • KvuKov I gvQ eëmvqxi ‡Ni I cyKzi cwi`k©b

cÖwkÿY DcKiY

• cÖwkÿY gwWDj • †nvqvBU †evW©/ eøvK †evW© • †cv÷vi †ccvi • wd¬cPvU© • gvK©vi †cb, †nvqvBU †evW© gvK©vi • LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj I B‡iRvi| • gvmwKb †Uc • †bgKvW© • KvuwP • †evW© wcb

cÖwkÿY cwi‡ek

• †Kvjvnjgy³ cÖwkÿY Kÿ • Avmb web¨vm BD AvK…wZi • cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ †Kvb ev”Pv bv wb‡q Avmv • wbivc` cvwbi eë¯’v ivLv • cwiQbœ Uq‡j‡Ui eë¯’v ivLv

g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

• cÖwZwU †mk‡bi ci cÖ‡kœvËi Ges cÖwZevZ©v MÖnY • ch©‡e¶Y I Abykxjb • nv‡Z-Kj‡g gvQ I KuvKov Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv ˆZwi • cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb (cvidig¨vÝ †U÷) • cÖwkÿY †Kvm© g~j¨vqb

cÖwkÿ‡Ki †hvM¨Zv

• mswkøó wel‡q AwfÁ Ges cÖwkÿY cÖvß n‡eb • eq¯‹‡ì cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq AwfÁZv m¤úbœ n‡eb • AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY c×wZ cwiPvjbvi AwfÁZv m¤úbœ n‡eb

cÖwkÿY c×wZmg~n

cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi g~j †KŠkj n‡e eq¯‹ wkÿv AbymiY, hv wb‡¤œv³ cÖwkÿY c×wZi Dci wbf©ikxj:

• e³…Zv, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv • jxq Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcb • gy³ wPšÍvi So • gy³ Av‡jvPbv • AwfÁZv wewbgq • Abykxjb • KvuKov I gvQ eëmvqxi ‡Ni I cyKzi cwi`k©b

cÖwkÿY DcKiY

• cÖwkÿY gwWDj • †nvqvBU †evW©/ eøvK †evW© • †cv÷vi †ccvi • wd¬cPvU© • gvK©vi †cb, †nvqvBU †evW© gvK©vi • LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj I B‡iRvi| • gvmwKb †Uc • †bgKvW© • KvuwP • †evW© wcb

cÖwkÿY cwi‡ek

• †Kvjvnjgy³ cÖwkÿY Kÿ • Avmb web¨vm BD AvK…wZi • cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ †Kvb ev”Pv bv wb‡q Avmv • wbivc` cvwbi eë¯’v ivLv • cwiQbœ Uq‡j‡Ui eë¯’v ivLv

g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

• cÖwZwU †mk‡bi ci cÖ‡kœvËi Ges cÖwZevZ©v MÖnY • ch©‡e¶Y I Abykxjb • nv‡Z-Kj‡g gvQ I KuvKov Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv ˆZwi • cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb (cvidig¨vÝ †U÷) • cÖwkÿY †Kvm© g~j¨vqb

cÖwkÿ‡Ki †hvM¨Zv

• mswkøó wel‡q AwfÁ Ges cÖwkÿY cÖvß n‡eb • eq¯‹‡ì cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq AwfÁZv m¤úbœ n‡eb • AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwkÿY c×wZ cwiPvjbvi AwfÁZv m¤úbœ n‡eb

03

cÖwk¶Y gwWDj eënv‡ii wbqgvejx

`¶Zv Dbœqb cÖwk¶‡Yi welq¸‡jv AskMÖnYg~jK I Rxeb Nwbô Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ I e¯‘wbô K‡i †Zvjv cÖwk¶‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU P¨v‡jÄ| GB P¨v‡jÄ‡K †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖwk¶K wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i mdjfv‡e cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©wU †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡eb:

• gwWDjwUi cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ cÖwZwU welq g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o wbb; Zvn‡j cÖwk¶Y PjvKvjxb Avcbvi `vwqZ¡¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cvjb Kiv mnR n‡e|

• welqwfwËK Av‡jvPbvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRb I Kvh©KvwiZv we‡ePbvq †i‡L †mk‡bi mgq evov‡Z ev Kgv‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Zv cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ï‡kï m‡½ msMwZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e |

• Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ‡Z †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖwk¶Y cwi‡ekwU †hb AbvbyôvwbK I AskMÖnYg~jK (informal & par�cipatory) nq, hv‡Z cÖwk¶Y cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv mnR nq|

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ˆ`wbK Dcw¯’wZ dg© G ¯^v¶i wbb| G‡Z K‡i AskMÖnYKvixMY mgqgZ †mk‡b Dcw¯’Z _vKvi ZvwM` Abyfe Ki‡eb|

• cÖwkÿ‡Y ZvwË¡K wel‡qi †_‡K eënvwiK welq I Abykxj‡bi cÖwZ †ewk g‡bv‡hvM w`b|

• cÖwk¶‡Y eënvh© cÖwk¶Y mvgMªx Av‡M †_‡K nv‡Zi Kv‡Q msMÖn I cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i ivLyb|

• cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbvi mgq g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i †mk‡bi cÖwZwU avc µgvbymv‡i cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi KvwiMwi I Z_¨MZ w`K m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv aviYv I cª¯ÍywZ ivLv Acwinvh©|

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖwZ mnbkxj I âh©kxj _vK‡eb|

• †mkb cwiPvjbvi mgq †mkb cwiKíbv Abyhvqx, cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I miÄvg eënvi Kiæb| cÖwZwU wkLb welq evievi PP©v ev Abykxjb Kivb|

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖvYešÍÍ I ¯Ztù~Z© ivLvi Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S †QvULv‡Uv we‡bv`‡bi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwkÿKB cÖ_‡g D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cv‡ib|

• †UKwbK¨vj Uvg©¸‡jv mnR fvlvq ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b evsjvq Uvg©¸‡jv wj‡L w`b hv‡Z Zviv g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i, GRb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AvÂwjK fvlvq cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbv Kiæb|

• ÒKuvKov I gvQ Pvl Ó welqK cÖwk¶‡Y welq wfwËK Av‡jvPbvq we‡kl †Rvi w`b Ges Av‡jvPbvi cvkvcvwk evi evi Abykxjb Kivb, hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `¶Zv m‡šÍvlRbK ch©v‡q DbœxZ nq|

04

05

cÖwkÿY m~wP

mgqKvj : 06 w`b†mkb mgq : cÖwZw`b mKvj 9 Uv - we‡Kj 5 Uv

15 wgwbU

09

10

11

12

w`b †mkb welq mgq

1g w`b

1 1 N›Uv

30 wgwbU

2

1 N›Uv

3

2 N›Uv

1 N›Uv

4

2 N›Uv

15 wgwbU

15 wgwbU

15 wgwbU

w`b †mkb welq mgq

2q w`b

30 wgwbU

5 1 N›Uv30 wgwbU

30 wgwbU

6

2 N›Uv

1 N›Uv

7

2 N›Uv

13

14

14

cÖwk¶Y †Kvm© D‡Øvab, RoZv gy³ I cwiPq ce©, cÖwkÿY c~e©-g~j¨vqb, cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨, cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv Ges cÖwk¶YPvwn`v wbiƒcY

weiwZ KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v, we Í…wZ I evm ’vb Ges evsjv‡`‡k KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (†gvUvZvRvKiY) ¸iæZ¡

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbgv©Y cÖ ‘wZ, wK‡kvi KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY, KvuKov Pv‡l gvwU I cvwbi ¸bvejx, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM eë ’vcbv I AvniY, gRy`KiY

ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ ‘wZ, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cyKzi/†N‡i KuvKov gRy , Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gvwU I cvwb eë ’vcbv, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cieZ©x AvniY, evRviRvZKiY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

weiwZ

w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

c~e© w`‡bi ‡mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbvLuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Gi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj: gRy` cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v, KuvKov AvniY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve weiwZ †N‡i I LvuPvq hyMcr KvuKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj, KvuKov AvniY,†MÖwWs c×wZ Ges evRviRvZKiY, Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvega¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ KvuKov Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v Ges KvuKov c¨v‡KwRs I cwienb cÖwµqv Ges cwien‡b mgm¨v mgvavb

weiwZ


06

15

15

16

17

18

w`b †mkb welq mgq

3q w`b

30 wgwbU

8

1 N›Uv

30 wgwbU

1 N›Uv 9

1 N›Uv

1 N›Uv 10

1 N›Uv

11

1 N›Uv30 wgwbU

15 wgwbU

15 wgwbU

w`b †mkb welq mgq

19

20

21

22

4_© w`b

30 wgwbU 12

1 N›Uv

30 wgwbU 13

2 N›Uv

1 N›Uv 14

1 N›Uv30 wgwbU

15 1 N›Uv 15 wgwbU

15 wgwbU

c~e© w`‡bi ‡mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbvgvQ Pvl I Gi ¸iæZ¡, evsjv‡`‡k g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi cwiwPwZ, jvfRbK gvQ Pv‡l †Zjvwcqv Pv‡li myweav, Amyweav I m¤¢vebv

weiwZ‡Zjvwcqv Pv‡l gRy`-c~e© I gRy`Kvjxb eë ’vcbvcyKzi ms¯‹vi, ivÿz‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ ~ixKiY, cyKzi cÖ ÍÍy‡Z Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvMga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZcÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡eÿY, cvwbi welv³Zv cixÿv, cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb †cvbvi gRyZ NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wba©viY

fvj I ye©j †cvbv mbv³KiY I †cvbv †kvab, †cvbv cwienb NbZ¡ Af¨ ÍKiY Ges gRy`

weiwZ w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

c~e© w`‡bi ‡mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv‡Zjvwcqv PvlKvjxb eë ’vcbv, m¤ú~iK Lvevi cÖ‡qvM, cvwb‡Z Lvev‡ii ’vqxZ¡ cixÿv, †Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY, evRviRvZKiY Ges Avq e¨‡qi wnmve weiwZ wgkª gvQ Pvl c×wZ I ¸iæZ¡, wgkÖPv‡l Lv`¨ I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkÖ Pvl eë ’vcbv, cÖRvwZ †f‡` †cvbvi gRy` I NbZ¡ Ges Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZgv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë ’vcbv I cyKz‡ii wKQz mvaviY mgm¨v I cÖwZ‡iva gvV cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ `j MVb Ges bxwZgvjv cÖYqbweiwZw`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

07

w`b †mkb welq mgq

23

23

30 wgwbU

30 wgwbU 16 3 N›Uv

1 N›Uv 17 2 N›Uv

15 wgwbU

15 wgwbU

w`b †mkb welq mgq

24

24

24

25

30 wgwbU

6ô w`b

18

1 N›Uv

30 wgwbU

19 1 N›Uv30 wgbU

1 N›Uv 20 1 N›Uv

21

2 N›Uv

5g w`b

c~e© w`‡bi ‡mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

weiwZcwiKíbv Abyhvqx gvV cwi`k©b (KvuKov I gv‡Qi cyKzi / †Ni) Ges gvV ch©v‡qi ev Íe AwfÁZv AR©b ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZgv‡Vi AwfÁZv Dc ’vcb I eëmv †KŠkj wba©viYweiwZ


c~e© w`‡bi ‡mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv

eëmv cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welqmg~n, Ges eëmv cwiKíbvi QK

weiwZ

KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv ˆZwi

ga¨vý‡fvR I bvgv‡Ri weiwZ KuvKov I gvQ Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv Dc ’vcbcÖwkÿY wkLb ch©v‡jvPbv, cvidig¨vÝ †U÷, cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqbI mgvwß †mkb

†mkb cwiKíbvmg~n

1g w`b

†mkb-01

welq : cÖwk¶Y †Kvm© D‡Øvab, RoZv gy³ I cwiPq ce©, cÖwkÿY c~e©-g~j¨vqb, cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨, cÖwkÿ‡Yi bxwZgvjv Ges cÖwk¶Y Pvwn`v wbiƒcY

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :

GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡q RoZv gy³ n‡eb; cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ I ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cÖwkÿY Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv

cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb †ccvi, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi ‡cb

cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq c×wZ

avc-1

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Ges Kzkj wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb|• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb AvMvgx 6 w`b Avgiv GKm‡½ KuvKov I gvQ Pvl wel‡q Avgv‡ì Ávb I `ÿZv mg„× Kie| ZvB Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ ne|• Gevi wb‡Ri cwiPq w`‡q cwiPq ce©wU ïiæ Kiæb | AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwiPq Rvbvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì bvg, †ckv Ges KvuKov I gvQ Pvl m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv ej‡Z ejyb | AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwiPq †èvi Rb¨ abëv` Rvbvb| • Gevi Dcw¯’Z BDwbqb cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨vb, c¨v‡bj †Pqvig¨vb, ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ, mswkøó `ß‡ii Kg©KZ©v‡K w`‡q cÖwkÿY D‡Øvab Kiæb|

avc -02

• AskMÖnbKvix‡ì gZvgZ wb‡q AvMvgx w`b¸‡jv‡Z cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb wK wK wbqg †g‡b cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Zv wVK Kiæb| • Gevi cÖwkÿY c~e©-g~j¨vqb wk‡Ui gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB Kiæb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcwb Zv c~i‡Y mnvqZv Kiæb|• AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖkœ K‡i Rvbyb †h GB cÖwkÿY †_‡K wK wK wel‡q Zviv Rvb‡Z Pvq| AskMÖnbKvix‡i gZvgZ¸‡jv †ev‡W© A_ev wd¬c Pv‡U© wjLyb|• AskMÖnbKvix‡ì cÖwkÿY Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb |

e³…Zv

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi

AwfÁZv wewbgq

Dc¯’vcb

09

1g w`b

†mkb-02

welq : KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v, we¯Í…wZ I evm¯’vb Ges evsjv‡`‡k KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (†gvUvZvRvKiY) ¸iæZ¡


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v, we¯Í…wZ I evm¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |

mgq : 1 N›Uv

cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb †ccvi, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi †cb

cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K KvuKov I gvQ Pvl m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv I AwfÁZv ïbyb | • AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYvi g~j c‡q›U¸‡jv †ev‡W© ev wd¬c PvU© †ccv‡i wjLyb| • AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv cÖKvk I AwfÁZv Rvbvevi Rb¨ abëv` w`b | • Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx GK GK K‡i wb‡¤œi welq ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| KvuKovi Rxewe`¨v, kvixwiK eY©bv, ¯¿x I cyiæl KvuKov KvuKovi cÖRbb I Rxeb Pµ, we¯Í…wZ, evm¯’vb, cywó¸b KvuKov Pvl wK? KvuKov d¨v‡Uwbs / †gvUvZvRvKiY wK? evsjv‡`‡k KvuKovi Pvl I d¨vwUwbs Gi ¸iæZ¡ I myweav• cÖ‡qvR‡b G welqK Qwe / †cvóvi cÖ`k©b Kiæb|• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb|• me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|


Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡kœvËiAv‡jvPbvAwfÁZv wewbgqcÖ`k©b

10

1g w`b

†mkb-03

welq : KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/ †Ni wbgv©Y cÖ¯‘wZ, wK‡kvi KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY, KvuKov Pv‡l gvwU I cvwbi ¸bvejx, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM eë¯’vcbv I AvniY gRy`KiY


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; KuvKov Pv‡li cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; wK‡kvi KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; KuvKovi Pv‡li cyKzi/†N‡i gvwU, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, eë ’vcbv I AvniY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 2 N›Uv


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv D`vniY Ges cÖ‡kœœvË‡ii gva¨‡g GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| cyKzi/†Ni wbev©Pb, cyKzi/†Ni wbgv©Y, cÖ¯ÍÍwZ wK‡kvi KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY KvuKov Pv‡l gvwU I cvwbi ¸bvejx cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM eë¯’vcbv, I AvniY gRy`KiY

avc-2

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ 3/4 Rb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wel‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvbyb|• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv Rvbyb cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb|• me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ`k©b

1 1

1g w`b

†mkb-04

welq : KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ,KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cyKzi/†N‡i KuvKov gRy`, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gvwU I cvwb eë¯’vcbv, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cieZ©x AvniY, evRviRvZKiY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; KuvKovi Pv‡li cyKzi/†N‡i gvwU, cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, eë ’vcbv I AvniY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; KuvKov Pv‡li cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z mÿg Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; KvuKov AvniY I evRviRvZKiY m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb ; KvuKov Pv‡li Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|

mgq : 2 N›Uv

cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, †nvqvBU †evW©, eøvK †evW©, gvK©vi, eªvDb †ccvi, wd¬cPvU©

cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv D`vniY Ges cÖ‡kœœvË‡ii gva¨‡g GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb: cyKzi/†Ni wbev©Pb, cyKzi/†Ni wbgv©Y, cÖ¯ÍÍwZ wK‡kvi KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY KvuKov Pv‡l gvwU I cvwbi ¸bvejx cvwb, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM eë¯’vcbv, I AvniY evRviRvZKiY|

avc-2

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ 3/4 Rb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wel‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvbyb|• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx †ev‡W© ev wd¬c PvU© †ccv‡i Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4/5 wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges `j fvM Kivi mgq cÖwZwU `‡j GKRb m`m¨ ivLyb whwb fv‡jvfv‡e wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡ib| • Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b | Ny‡i Ny‡i †`LybAskMÖnYKvixiv wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb wKbv | cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j ev †evSvi Amyweav _vK‡j Zv cybivqAv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb|• Gevi w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| welq¸‡jv mK‡j eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv Rvbyb| me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi

eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv

†QvU `‡j Dc¯’vcb

12

2q w`b

†mkb-05

welq : LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Gi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj: gRy` cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v, KuvKov AvniY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- †N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Gi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; LuvPv ˆZwi I LvuPv ¯’vc‡bi †KŠkj ¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb; KvuKov Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v I c¨v‡KwRs‡qi †KŠkj wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; KvuKov Pv‡l Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb| • Gevi c~e©w`‡bi †mk‡bi wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Kv‡iv †Kvb A¯úóZv _vK‡j Zv ¯úó K‡i w`b Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|• Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj m¤úwK©Z AwfÁZv ïbyb Ges Zv‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ LuvPvq KvuKov d¨v‡Uwbs †Kb Ki‡eb? Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| • Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv D`vniY Ges cÖ‡kœœvË‡ii gva¨‡g GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|• LvuPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs c×wZ• LuvPvq KuvKov gRy`, Lv`¨ I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM• cwiPh©v Ges KuvKov AvniY • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ 3/4 Rb AskMÖnYKivx‡ì wel‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvbyb|

avc-02

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx †ev‡W© ev wd¬c PvU© †ccv‡i Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4/5wU ‡j fvM Kiæb Ges j fvM Kivi mgq cÖwZwU ‡j GKRb m`m¨ ivLyb whwb fv‡jvfv‡e wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡ib| • Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b| Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb AskMÖnYKvixiv wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb wKbv| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j ev †evSvi Amyweav _vK‡j Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb|• me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbv

AwfÁZv wewbgq

e³…Zv

cÖ‡kœvËi

Dc¯’vcb

cÖ`k©b

`jxq Abykxjb

13

2q w`b

†mkb- 06-07

welq : †N‡i I LvuPvq hyMcr KvuKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj, KvuKov AvniY, †MÖwWs c×wZ Ges evRviRvZKiY, Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve, KvuKov Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, Ges KvuKov c¨v‡KwRs, cwienb cÖwµqv Ges cwien‡b mgm¨v mgvavb


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v I KiYxq m¤ú‡K© e¨vLv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; c¨v‡KwRs I cwienb cÖwµqvi †KŠkj wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; KuvKov cwien‡bi mgm¨v I mgvavb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |

mgq : 4 N›Uv


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|• Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KvuKov Avni‡YvËi cwiPhv© m¤úwK©Z AwfÁZv ïbyb Ges Zv‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb|• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv D`vniY Ges cÖ‡kœœvË‡ii gva¨‡g GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| †Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ KuvKov Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, cwiPh©vq Kibxq †MÖwWs c×wZ, evRviRvZKiY I Avq-e¨q KuvKov c¨v‡KwRs cÖwµqv I c¨v‡KwRs Gi we‡eP¨ welq KuvKov cwienb cÖwµqv I cwien‡bi we‡eP¨ welq KuvKov cwien‡b mgm¨v I mgvavb • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ 3/4 Rb AskMÖnYKivx‡ì wel‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvbyb

avc-02

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j ev †evSvi Amyweav _vK‡j Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb|• Gevi w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| welq¸‡jv mK‡j eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv Rvbyb| me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbv

Dc¯’vcb

cÖ‡kœvËi

Dc¯’vcb

cÖ`k©b

14

3q w`b

†mkb- 08

welq : gvQ Pvl I Gi ¸iæZ¡, evsjv‡`‡k g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi cwiwPwZ, jvfRbK gvQ Pv‡l †Zjvwcqv Pv‡li myweav, Amyweav, m¤¢vebv Ges ‡Zjvwcqv Pv‡l gRy`-c~e© I gRy`Kvjxb eë¯’vcbv


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi evsjv‡`‡k AvMg‡bi BwZnvm Rvb‡Z I Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi cwiwPwZ I Pv‡li myweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pv‡li †KŠkjmg~n iß Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb; ‡Zjvwcqv Pv‡l gRy`-c~e© I gRy`Kvjxb eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 2 N›Uv


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|• Gevi c~e©w`‡bi †mk‡bi wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Kv‡iv †Kvb A¯úóZv _vK‡j Zv ¯úó K‡i w`b|

avc -2

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pv‡li AwfÁZv Av‡Q wK bv Zv Rvbyb Ges Zv‡ì aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb |• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb¤œ wjwLZ welq¸‡jv we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| gvQ Pvl I Gi ¸iæZ¡ ‡Zjvwcqvi cwiwPwZ, gvQ AvniY ‡Zjvwcqv Pv‡l gRy`-c~e© I gRy`Kvjxb eë¯’vcbv• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv K‡i ‡mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi

Av‡jvPbv

AwfÁZv wewbgq

15

16

3q w`b

†mkb-09

welq : cyKzi ms¯‹vi, ivÿz‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ ~ixKiY, cyKz‡ii mvaviY mgm¨v I mgvavb Ges cyKzi cÖ ‘‡Z Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- cyKzi ms¯‹v‡ii †KŠkj wkL‡Z I Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; ivÿz‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ wPwýZ I `~ixKiY †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cyKz‡ii mvaviY mgm¨v wPwýZ I mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cyKzi cÖ¯‘Z Kvjxb Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|

mgq : 1 NÈv

cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, LvZv, Kjg, wbw ©ó gwWDj, †evW©, PK, †cv÷vi I gvK©vi

cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|• cÖ_‡g eo `‡j cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g cyKzi ms¯‹vi wK fv‡e Ki‡Z nq? ‡m m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv Rvbyb|• Gevi Kvi Kvi cyKzi cwi®‹vi Kivi AwfÁZv Av‡Q Zv Rvbyb Ges AskMÖbYKvix‡ì aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx cyKzi ms¯‹vi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| • Gevi cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g ivÿy‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb | Zv‡ì aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

avc-02

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx ivÿy‡m gvQ I AevwÂZ gvQ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv ¯úó Kiæb|• Gevi cyKzi cÖ¯‘‡Z Pzb I mv‡ii cÖ‡qv‡M mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Pzb cÖ‡qvM, cÖ‡qv‡Mi iæZ¡, fvj Pzb mbv³KiY, eënvi gvÎv, cÖ‡qvM c×wZ, eënv‡ii mgq Pzb cÖ‡qv‡M mveavbZv, mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cÖKvi‡f`, gvÎv wba©viY, mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ Ges mgq

avc 03

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx cyKz‡ii mvaviY wKQz mgm¨v I mgvavb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb |• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges ‡mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbv

AwfÁZv wewbgq

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi

3q w`b

†mkb- 10

welq : cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡eÿY, cvwbi welv³Zv cixÿv, cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb †cvbvi gRyZ NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wba©viY


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cvwbi welv³Zv cixÿvi †KŠkj wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; gv‡Qi mwVK cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Kivi †KŠkj Rvb‡eb; gv‡Qi mwVK cÖRvwZ Ges †cvbvi gRyZ NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|mgq : 1 N›Uv

cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, †nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, eªvDb †ccvi

cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx

cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

• cÖ_‡g eo `‡j cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB

Kiæb, Zv‡ì aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| aviYv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ abëv` Rvbvb|

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi c×wZ Ges we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv GK

GK K‡i eywS‡q ejyb|

avc-2

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cvwbi welv³Zv cixÿv m¤ú‡K© aviYv Av‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB Kiæb Ges

Zv‡ì aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx cvwbi welv³Zv I cixÿv c×wZ

wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

avc-3

• cÖ_‡g gv‡Qi mwVK cÖRvwZ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb Ges Zv‡ì

aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb †cvbvi gRyZ NbZ¡ I AbycvZ wbav©iY m¤ú‡K©

we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq

welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges ‡mkb †kl Kiæb|

AwfÁZv wewbgq

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ`k©b

cÖ‡kœvËi

17

3q w`b

†mkb- 11

welq : fv‡jv I `ye©j †cvbv mbv³KiY, †cvbv †kvab, †cvbv cwienb, Af¨¯ÍKiY Ges gRy`


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- fv‡jv-`ye©j †cvbv mbv³ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb; †cvbv cwienb, †cvbv †kvab Ges cwienb NbZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; †cvbv Af¨¯ÍKiY Ges gRy` cieZx© Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡bv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbUcÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj, PK, †nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, eªvDb †ccvicÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|• cÖ_‡g eo `‡j cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì fvj I `ye©j gvQ m¤ú‡K© aviYv hvPvB Kiæb, Zv‡ì aviYv¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| aviYv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ abëv` Rvbvb|• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| fv‡jv I `ye©j gvQ mbv³KiY ‡cvbv cwienb I †cvbv †kvab Ges †kva‡bi DcKvwiZv ‡cvbv Af¨¯ÍKiY I gRy`• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

avc-2

• Gevi w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| welq¸‡jv mK‡j eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv Rvbyb| me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi

AwfÁZv wewbgq

Av‡jvPbvcÖ‡kœvËi

18

4_© w`b

†mkb- 12

welq : †Zjvwcqv PvlKvjxb eë¯’vcbv, m¤ú~iK Lvevi cÖ‡qvM, cvwb‡Z Lvev‡ii ¯’vqxZ¡ cixÿv, †Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY, evRviRvZKiY Ges Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- ‡Zjvwcqv PvlKvjxb eë¯’vcbv Rvb‡Z I wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; ‡Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi m¤ú~iK Lvevi wPwýZ I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cvwb‡Z Lvev‡ii ¯’vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; ‡Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY, evRviRvZKiY m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; ‡Zjvwcqv Pv‡l Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b • Gevi c~e© w`‡bi †mk‡bi wkÿYxq welq wb‡q cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Kv‡iv †Kvb A¯úóZv _vK‡j Zv ¯úó K‡i w`b|avc -2

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q †Zjvwcqv gvQ eë¯’vcbv, m¤ú~iK Lvevi, gvQ AvniY m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvbyb| aviYv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` w`b|• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| ‡Zjvwcqv PvlKvjxb eë¯’vcbv m¤ú~iK Lvevi cÖ‡qvM, Lv`¨ †`qvi wbqg, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M mZK©Zv cvwb‡Z Lvev‡ii ¯’vqxZ¡ cixÿv, †Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY I evRviRvZKiY• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

avc -3

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx †ev‡W© ev wd¬c PvU© †ccv‡i Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4/5 `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges `j fvM Kivi mgq cÖwZwU `‡j GKRb m`m¨ ivLyb, whwb fv‡jvfv‡e wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡ib| • Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b| Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb AskMÖnYKvixiv wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb wKbv| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb Ges abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbv

AwfÁZv wewbgq

cÖ‡kœvËi

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi

AwfÁZv wewbgq

Av‡jvPbv

cÖ‡kœvËi

AwfÁZv wewbgq

19

4_© w`b

†mkb- 13

welq : wgkª gvQ Pvl c×wZ I ¸iæZ¡¡, wgkÖPv‡l Lv`¨ I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkÖ Pvleë¯’vcbv, cÖRvwZ †f‡` †cvbvi gRy` I NbZ¡ Ges Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- wgkÖ gvQ Pvl c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I wkL‡Z cvi‡eb; wgkÖ gvQ Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 2 N›Uv


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b avc -2

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q †Zjvwcqv gvQ eë¯’vcbv, m¤ú~iK Lvevi, gvQ AvniY m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvbyb| aviYv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` w`b|• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| wgkÖ Pv‡l cyKzi wbe©vPb, wgkÖ Pvl, Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pvl I Gi myweav wgkÖ Pv‡l Lv`¨, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Ges Lv`¨ ˆZwi m¤ú~iK Lvevi mieivn I †`qvi wbqg Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkÖ Pvl eë ’vcbv wgkÖPv‡l cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Ges cÖRvwZ‡f‡` †cvbvi gRy` I NbZ¡• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|avc -3

• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx †ev‡W© ev wd¬c PvU© †ccv‡i Avq- e¨‡qi wnmvewU Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4/5 `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges `j fvM Kivi mgq cÖwZwU `‡j GKRb m`m¨ ivLyb whwb fv‡jvfv‡e wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡ib| • Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K Avq -e¨‡qi wnmvewU Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b | Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb AskMÖnYKvixiv wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb wKbv | cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| • Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb Ges abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbv AwfÁZv wewbgq cÖ‡kœvËi

Av‡jvPbvcÖ‡kœvËiAwfÁZv wewbgq

`jxq Abykxjb

20

4_© w`b

†mkb- 14

welq : gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vcbv I cyKz‡ii wKQz mvaviY mgm¨v I cÖwZ‡iva


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- gv‡Qi †ivM I cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb Ges †ivMmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cyKz‡ii mvaviY mgm¨v wPwýZ I cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU


cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b avc -2

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q we‡kl K‡i hviv gvQ Pvl Ki‡Qb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q gv‡Qi †ivM, KviY I cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© ïbyb | Ab¨‡ì g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡Z ejyb| AwfÁZv wewbgq Kivi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` w`b|• Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx gv‡Qi †ivM eë¯’vcbv, †iv‡Mi KviY, †iv‡Mi cÖfve Ges cÖwZ‡iv‡ai mnR Dcvq Ges cyKz‡ii mvaviY mgm¨v I cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K© GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv hvPvB Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mk‡bi g~j wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|avc -3

• Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv cybivq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiæb Ges abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

Av‡jvPbvcÖ‡kœvËiAwfÁZv wewbgq

21

4_© w`b

†mkb- 15

welq : gvV cwi`k©‡bi `j MVb I gvV cwi`k©b bxwZgvjv cÖYqb


GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- gvV cwi`k©‡bi (mdj KuvKov I gvQ eëmvqxi mv‡_ mvÿvr) cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv

cÖwkÿY DcKiY : †evW©, PK, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi

cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv

cÖwkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ we‡kl †bvU

KvuKov I gv‡Qi †Ni/cyKzi GKwU †_‡K AciwUi `~i‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y 4/5wU `‡ji Kvh©µg cÖwkÿ‡Ki GKvi c‡ÿ

ch©‡eÿY Kiv m¤¢eci bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| G †ÿ‡Î cÖK‡íi Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ 3/4

Rb ch©‡eÿK wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î BDwbqb IqvK©vi A_ev cÖ‡R± Awdmv‡ii mn‡hvwMZv wb‡Z cv‡ib| cÖwkÿK

AwZwi³ 3/4 Rb‡K Zv‡ì KiYxq welq¸‡jv Ges †Kvb `‡ji mv‡_ Zviv hv‡eb I cwi`k©b Ki‡eb Zv eywS‡q

w`‡eb|


avc-1

• cÖ_‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY †Kb KvuKov I gv‡Qi †Ni/ cyKzi cwi`k©‡b hv‡eb, Zvi D‡Ïk¨ I DcKvwiZv m¤ú‡K© ejyb| • gvV cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì msL¨v Abyhvqx †gvU 4/5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖwZwU `‡j GKRb `j‡bZv ˆZwi Kiæb, whwb fv‡jvfv‡e wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡ib| • AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g gvV cwi`k©‡bi bxwZgvjv ˆZwi Kiæb| • mKj‡K gZvgZ w`‡q bxwZgvjv ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ abëv` w`b|• Gevi mviv w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv cybivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| welq¸‡jv mK‡j eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv Rvbyb| me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËiAv‡jvPbvDc¯’vcb

22

5g w`b

†mkb- 16-17

welq : cwiKíbv Abyhvqx gvV cwi`k©b I AwfÁZv Dc¯’vcb Ges eëmv †KŠkj wbav©iY†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :

GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- gvVch©v‡qi mdj eëmvqxi mvwbœ‡a¨ †_‡K AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb; mdj KuvKov I gvQ eëmvqxi mv‡_ AwfÁZv wewbgq K‡i eëmvi aib Abhyvqx gj~ab, gj~a‡bi Drm, jvf-ÿwZ wbY©‡qi †KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|

mgq : 5 N›UvcÖwkÿY DcKiY : LvZv-Kjg/†cwÝj, B‡iRvi, kvc©bvicÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• c~e©w`‡bi †mk‡bi wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g cybivq †R‡b wbb|• gvV cwi`k©‡b ch©‡eÿK Ges `‡ji †bZv I m`m¨‡ì Zv‡ì KiYxq welqwU eywS‡q ejyb|• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji `j‡bZv‡K Zvi `j Ges ch©‡eÿK‡K wb‡q wba©vwiZ GjvKvi KuvKov I gvQ Pv‡li Lvgvi cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvIqvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb • Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K ‡ji j‡bZv‡K Zvi j Ges ch©‡eÿK‡K wb‡q wba©vwiZ GjvKvq ch©‡eÿK Ges `‡ji †bZv I m`m¨‡ì Zv‡ì KiYxq welqwU eywS‡q ejyb|avc-2

gvV ch©‡eÿY:

• cÖwkÿK/ch©‡eÿK c~e©wba©vwiZ 4/5wU KvuKov I gv‡Qi †Ni/ cyKz‡i wb‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwiPq Kwi‡q w`b Ges GB cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Kiæb|• AskMÖnYKvixMYmn gvVch©v‡q mdj eëmvqx (KuvKov I gvQ Pvl) ‡Ni /cyKzi cwi`k©b I ch©‡eÿY Kiæb| cÖwkÿK cwiKíbv Abyhvqx m¤¢e n‡j 4wU ‡jB cwi`k©b Kiæb | cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv cÖ vb Kiæb|• cÖ‡kœvËi ce© : G c‡e© AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K j‡bZv mxwgZ AvKv‡ii mswkøó eëmvqxi mv‡_ mswÿß I cª‡qvRbxq cÖkœ Ki‡eb| (mnvqK/cÖwkÿK Ny‡i Ny‡i `‡ji Kvh©µg cwi`k©b Ki‡eb|)• cwi‡k‡l KvuKov I gvQ eëmvqx/cÖwZwbwa‡K K…ZÁZv I abëv` Ávcb K‡i gvV cwi`k©b Kvh©µg †kl Ki‡eb|avc -3

gvV †_‡K †dir Avmv Ges eëmv ‡KŠkj wba©viY • †kÖwYK‡ÿ wd‡i Avmvi ci mKj‡K gvV ch©‡eÿY Kivi Rb¨ abëv` w`b Ges ch©‡eÿY †Kgb †j‡M‡Q Zv Rvbyb|• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡ì wbw`©ó `‡j em‡Z ejyb|• `j‡bZv‡K `‡ji m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wbR `‡ji AwfÁZvmg~n Ges eëmv Ki‡Z wK †KŠkj wb‡eb Zv wd¬cPv‡U© wjL‡Z ejyb | wjLvi Rb¨ mgq wbw`©ó K‡i w`b| • ch©‡eÿKMb‡KI wbR wbR `j‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|avc -4

• gvV †_‡K AwR©Z AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K c„_Kfv‡e cÖwk¶Y K‡¶ em‡Z ejyb| • Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡bZv‡K Zv‡ì `‡ji AwfÁZvmg~n GK GK K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| • GK `‡ji Dc¯’vcbv †kl n‡j Ab¨ `‡ji G `‡ji Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv wRÁvmv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges `j‡bZv ev `‡ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡K DËi w`‡q `j‡bZv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b ms‡hvRb Kiæb| • Gevi w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv cbyivq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| welq¸‡jv mK‡j eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv Rvbyb| me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

AwfÁZv wewbgq

cÖ‡kœvËi

KuvKov I gv‡Qi †Ni/ cyKzicwi`k©b

`jxq KvR

†QvU `‡j Dc¯’vcb

Av‡jvPbv

23

6ô w`b

†mkb- 18-20

welq : eëmvwqK cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welq mg~n I KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv ‰Zwi I Dc¯’vcb†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :

GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li eëmv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ we‡eP¨ welq ¸‡jv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; eëmv cwiKíbv QK Abykxjb K‡i KuvKov gvQ Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 3 N›Uv 30 wgwbUcÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb †ccvi, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi †cbcÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• ‡mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb, wkLb Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb Ges AvR‡Ki wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨ I welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b • Gevi cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì eëmvwqK cwiKíbv Ki‡Z wK wK welq we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv m¤ú©‡K aviYv Rvbyb| • Gevi mnvqK Z_¨ Abyhvqx c~‡e©i ZwiK…Z GKwU eëmvwqK cwiKíbvi QK Gi we‡eP¨ welq (Kvh©µg mgq `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³, ¯’vb, c×wZ) Dc¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU welq GK GK K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

avc -2

• Gevi AskMªnYKvix‡ì msL¨v Abyhvqx 4/5wU `‡j wef³ K‡i eëmv cwiKíbvi GKwU QK w`b Ges QK Abykxjb K‡i KvuKov I gvQ Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbvi QK ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb| • eëmv cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY K‡i w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b `‡j wM‡q mnvqZv Kiæb|• wbw`©ó mg‡qi ci GK GKwU `j‡K Zv‡ì eëmv cwiKíbvi digwU (QK) Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| • eëmv/D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv mwVKfv‡e cwiKíbv Kiv| ZvB welqwU hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvixMY m‡šÍvlRbK gvÎvq eyS‡Z I ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì evievi Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b| we‡kl K‡i †hme AskMÖnYKvix `ye©j I †jLvcov Kg Rv‡bb• Gevi mdjfv‡e KuvKov I gvQ Pv‡li eëmv cwiKíbv QK ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb †kl Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi

GKK Abykxjb

Av‡jvPbv

Dc¯’vcb

24

6ô w`b

†mkb- 21

welq : cÖwkÿY wkLb ch©v‡jvPbv, cvidig¨vÝ †U÷, cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb I mgvwß †mkb †mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ :

GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- KvuKov I gvQ Pvl cÖwkÿ‡Yi AwR©Z Ávb I `ÿZv ¸‡jv cybivq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; AskMÖnYKvixMY Zv‡ì Abyf~wZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cvidig¨vÝ †Uó Gi gva¨‡g AwR©Z Ávb I `ÿZv hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 2 N›Uv cÖwkÿY DcKiY : cÖwkÿY gwWDj PK, Wv÷vi, †evW©, eªvDb †ccvi, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi †cbcÖwkÿY cÖwµqv


avc-1

• MZ 5 w`‡bi †mk‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv| cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP Abyhvqx MZ w`bmg~‡ni Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~‡ni wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvixiv KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ wkÿYxq welq¸‡jvi Ici cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Ávb hvPvB Kiæb| avc -2

cÖwkÿYv_©xi wkLb hvPvB (cvidig¨vÝ †Uó)

• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K GK GK K‡i wba©vwiZ cvidig¨vÝ †U÷ wkU Abyhvqx cÖkœ Kiæb Ges wk‡Ui wbw`©ó Kjv‡g AskMÖnYKvixi cvidig¨vÝ †iwUs Kiæb| Gfv‡e mKj AskMÖnYKvixi cvidig¨vÝ †iwUs Kiæb|cÖwkÿY †Kvm© g~j¨vqb

• Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm g~j¨vqb dg© w`b Ges Zv eywS‡q ejyb cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv c~i‡Y mnvqZv Kiæb|

avc -3

cÖwkÿY mgvwß

• mKj AskMÖnYKvix Ges Avgwš¿Z AwZw_ _vK‡j Zv‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q †mkb ïiæ Kiæb| • AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 2/1 Rb‡K Dcw¯’Z mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k Zv‡ì AwfÁZv, wk¶Yxq welq Kxfv‡e eëmvq jvMv‡Z cv‡i, G m¤ú‡K© ejvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| e³e¨ †k‡l abëv` Rvbvb|• AwZw_‡K mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| e³e¨ †k‡l Zv‡K abëv` Ávcb Kiæb|• me‡k‡l Dcw¯’Z mKj‡K Avev‡iv abëv` Rvwb‡q cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i mgvwß †Nvlbv Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi

Av‡jvPbv

GKK Abykxjb

AwfÁZv wewbgq

e³„ Zv

25

mnvqK Z_¨mg~n

KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v, we¯Í…wZ I evm¯’vb, KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi iæZ¡, KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs

wK? evsjv‡`‡k KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi myweav

KuvKov mwÜc`wewkó cÖvYx| c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq 133 cÖRvwZi KuvKov cvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`‡k ¯^v`y cvwb‡Z PviwU cÖRvwZ I mgy‡`ª/†jvbvcvwb‡Z 11 cÖRvwZi KuvKov cvIqv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU Ab¨Zg evwYwR¨Kfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖRvwZ n‡jv gvW µ¨ve ev wMÖb µ¨ve ev g¨vb‡MÖvf µ¨ve| ¯’vbxq fvlvq G‡K kxjv KuvKov e‡j| hvi êÁvwbK bvg n‡jv Scylla sp| GB cÖRvwZi KuvKov my›ìeb I evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j me©vwaK cvIqv hvq| GUv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e g~jëvb Lv`¨ Dc‡hvMx GKwU RjR m¤ú`| kxjv KuvKov iv‡Zi †ejvq Lvevi †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Giv cvwbi Zj‡`‡k PjvPjKvix cÖvYx †hgb †QvU †QvU KuvKov, kvgyK, wSbyK, †Ku‡Pv I Ab¨vb¨ giv cÖvYx Lvq| Giv ¯^RvwZI f¶Y K‡i _v‡K|

kxjv KuvKovi Rxewe`¨v

cÖvwYRM‡Z kxjv KuvKovi Ae¯’vb

ce© : Arthropoda†kªwY : CrustaceaeM© : Decapoda†MvÎ : Grapsidae MY : ScyllacÖRvwZ : S.serrata

27

¯¿x KuvKov

kxjv KuvKovi

kvixwiK eY©bv

• cuvP †Rvov cv Av‡Q • †`n meyRvf ev`vwg ev bxjvf ev`vwg i‡Oi nq| G‡ì †`‡ni ewniveiY k³ †Lvjm wbwgË|• †PvL `ywU| • †Pv‡Li yÕcv‡k K¨viv‡c‡mi Ic‡i †mivmb bv‡g 9wU uvZ Av‡Q| • c~Y© eq¯‹ cyiæl KuvKovi mvg‡bi w`‡Ki eo wPgUv AvK…wZi cv ¯¿x KuvKovi wPgUv †_‡K eo n‡q _v‡K|• eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ kxjv KuvKovi m¤§y‡Li ev wc‡Vi k³ †Lvjm Ly‡j c‡o A_©vr †Lvjm cvëvq• kxjv KuvKov AvKv‡i I IR‡b †ek eo n‡q _v‡K|

¯¿x I cyiæl

KuvKov mbv³KiY

kxjv KuvKovi ey‡Ki w`‡K d¬¨vc Ask †`‡L cyiæl I ¯¿x KuvKov †Pbv hvq| ¯¿x KuvKov I cyiæl KuvKovi d¬¨vc †`L‡Z h_vµ‡g Bs‡iwR U I V Gi g‡Zv|

gvW µ¨ve Scylla serrata

cyiæl KuvKov

28

KuvKovi

cÖRbb I RxebPµ

kxjv KuvKov 18-20 gvm eq‡m cÖRbb¶g nq| Giv mviv eQiB cÖRbb K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e êkvL ˆR¨ô gvmB g~jZ G‡ì cÖRbbKvj| 200-250 MÖvg IR‡bi GKwU ¯¿x KuvKov cÖvq 8,50,000-15,00,000wU wWg enb K‡i| kxjv KuvKovi RxebP‡µ 5wU jvf©vj ch©vq AwZµg K‡i †gMv‡jvcv ch©v‡q DbœxZ nq| cieZ©xKv‡j 1wU †gMv‡jvcv ch©vq AwZµg K‡i cÖ_g KuvKovi iƒc aviY K‡i| wWg †dvUvi ci †_‡K cÖ_g KuvKov ch©šÍ iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z 35-45 w`b mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wWg †dvUvi ci jvf©vj ch©vq Mfxi mgy‡`ª AwZevwnZ K‡i †gMv‡jvcv ch©v‡q g¨vb‡MÖvf GjvKvi w`‡K Zzjbvg~jK Kg jeYv³ GjvKvq AvMgb K‡i| cieZ©xKv‡j g¨vb‡MÖvf GjvKvq Giv emevm K‡i| GB Rb¨ kxjv KuvKov‡K g¨vb‡MÖvf µ¨veI ejv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e cÖRb‡bi mgq Giv Mfxi mgy‡`ª ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Ges cÖRbb †k‡l cybivq g¨vb‡MÖvf GjvKvq AvMgb K‡i|

KuvKovi

we¯Í…wZ I evm¯’vb

kxjv KuvKov †jvbv cvwb‡Z emevm K‡i| Bnv mvaviYZ 2 wcwcwU †jvbvcvwb n‡Z mvgyw`ªK cwi‡e‡k evm Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ 70wcwcwUi Dc‡i Giv evuP‡Z cv‡i bv| evsjv‡`‡ki K·evRvi, PÆMÖvg, cUzqvLvjx, ewikvj, mvZ¶xiv, Lyjbv, †bvqvLvjx, g‡nkLvjx, KzZzew`qv, m›Øxc I my›ìe‡bi `yejvi P‡i GB KuvKovi Dcw¯’wZ j¶Yxq| Z‡e Lyjbv I PKwiqv my›ìeb GjvKvq kxjv KuvKovi AvwaK¨ †ewk| mgy`ª DcK‚j n‡Z 40-50 wK‡jvwgUvi Af¨šÍ‡i e‡½vcmvM‡iI G‡ì Dcw¯’wZ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| GQvov DcK~jxq AÂ‡ji wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡j Giv wePiY K‡i|

cywó¸Y

KuvKovi gvsm ïay my¯^v`yB bq h‡_ó cywóKiI e‡U| kxjv KuvKovi †`‡n 71-74% cvwb, 19-24% †cÖvwUb, 6% d¨vU I 2-3% LwbR c`v_© _vKvq ewnwe©‡k¦ kxjv KuvKovi e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|

KuvKovi Pvl wK?

KuvKovi Pvl ej‡Z †QvU AvKv‡ii KuvKov‡K †jvbvcvwb AÂ‡ji †N‡i 4-6 gvm †i‡L evRv‡i wewµi Dchy³ Kiv †evSvq| G †¶‡Î KuvKovi †Lvjm cvëv‡e Ges KuvKovi e„w× n‡e| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avgv‡ì †`‡k gvVch©v‡q KuvKovi Pvl GL‡bv e¨vcKfv‡e ïiæ nqwb|

eënvwiK w`K

KuvKovi kix‡ii †Kv‡bv AskB †djbv bq| we‡`kx wewfbœ †i‡¯Íviuvq †Zv e‡UB, A‡bK mgq gv‡Qi Lvevi wn‡m‡eI giv KuvKov eëüZ nq| nuvm-gyiwMi Lvevi wn‡m‡eI giv KuvKov A_ev KuvKovi kix‡ii k³ Ask †hgb †Lvjm, cv, wPgUv BZ¨vw` ¸uov I g‡Ûi eënvi i‡q‡Q| wPwKrmvweÁv‡bi wbix¶vq c_¨ cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z wKQy we‡kl cÖRvwZi KuvKovi we‡kl Dcv`vb Kv‡R jvM‡Q| †KD †KD Avevi ïKbv KuvKov N‡i Zz‡j iv‡L `yw`©‡bi Lvevi wn‡m‡e| Z‡e ZvRv KuvKovi Pvwn`v I evRvig~j¨ †ewk|

29

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs wK?

evRv‡i wewµi Dchy³ AvKv‡ii (180 MÖvg Ges Z`~aŸ©) Acwic° ¯¿x KuvKov‡K (†MvbvW cwicyófv‡e ˆZwi nqwb Ggb KuvKov) 2-4 mßvn †N‡i †i‡L G‡ì †`‡ni g‡a¨ KwZcq we‡kl ˆRweK êwkó¨vewj ˆZwii gva¨‡g cwic° Kiv‡K KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs ejv nq| GB mgq KuvKov †Lvjm cvëv‡e bv Ges KuvKovi e„w×I n‡e bv| Z‡e ïay KuvKov cwicyó n‡e| Acwic° ¯¿x KuvKovi AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i Pvwn`v †bB weavq G¸‡jv‡K 2-4 mßvn ch©šÍ †N‡i †i‡L ch©vß Lvevi mieivn Kiv nq, hv‡Z G¸‡jv cwic° nq A_©vr cwicyófv‡e ˆZwi nq| GB cwic° ¯¿x KuvKovi Pvwn`v I g~j¨ AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i A‡bK †ewk|

evsjv‡`‡k KuvKov Pvl I

d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cÖavb

myweav¸‡jv wK?

• evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~j AÂ‡j Pv‡li cwi‡ek we`¨gvb|• AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i Pvwn`v Lye †ewk|• cÖvK…wZKfv‡e KuvKovi †cvbv (wK‡kvi KuvKov) cÖPzi cvIqv hvq|• IRb wn‡m‡e KuvKovi e„w×i nvi †ewk| • KuvKov ißvwbi gva¨‡g ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©©b Kiv hvq|• KuvKovi Lv`¨ mn‡R ¯^íg~‡j¨ cvIqv hvq|• KuvKov cvwb Qvov A‡bK mgq †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i I cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|• gqjv-AveR©bv †L‡q cwi‡ek weï× K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k KuvKovi Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi (‡gvUvZvRvKiY) ¸iæZ¡

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ißvwb Av‡q Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KuvKovi Ae`vb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| evsjv‡`k n‡Z cÖwZeQi wbw`©ó

AvKv‡ii cÖPzi cwigv‡Y KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb n‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡ì †`k eZ©gv‡b KuvKov ißvwb K‡i cÖwZeQi †KvwU

†KvwU UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Ki‡Q| cÖv_wgK wnmv‡e KuvKovi Mo Drcv`b †`‡k evwl©K cÖvq `k nvRvi Ub, hvi

evRvi g~j¨ 350 †KvwU UvKv| eZ©gv‡b Gwkqvi Pxb, ZvBIqvb, wm½vcyi, gvj‡qwkqv, _vBj¨vÛ, Rvcvb, nsKs Ges

Av‡gwiKv I BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki †jvbvcvwb‡Z Drcvw`Z KuvKov ißvwb n‡”Q| A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY

†_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwbK…Z grm¨ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ wPswoi c‡iB KuvKovi ¯’vb| evsjv‡`k n‡Z ewnwe©‡k¦ †h cwigvY

KuvKov ißvwb n‡q _v‡K Zvi m¤ú~Y©B DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji †jvbvcvwb we‡kl K‡i Lyjbv, mvZ¶xiv, K·evRvi, PÆMÖvg,

†bvqvLvjx, †fvjv, ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx, ev‡MinvU BZ¨vw` AÂj n‡Z AvnwiZ n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b mviv †`‡k 2.5-3.0

j¶ †jvK KuvKov AvniY I wecYb K‡iB RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Q| †Kej Lyjbvi my›ìeb GjvKvqB 50-60 nvRvi cyiæl

I gwnjv G †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ|

KuvKov grm¨ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k e„nËi Rb‡Mvôx Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e KuvKov MÖnY bv

Ki‡jI we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i cÖPzi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z nq| nsKs, gvj‡qwkqv, ZvBIqvb, wm½vcyimn Gwkqvi wewfbœ

†`k Ges BD‡ivc gnv‡`‡k KuvKovi Pvwn`v †ewk| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ißvwb Av‡q iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KuvKovi

Ae`vb µgvš^‡q e„w× cv‡”Q| †`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi e„nr Ask KuvKov Pvl, AvniY I wecY‡bi

mv‡_ RwoZ| evM`v wPswoi mv‡_ AevwÂZ cÖvYx wnmv‡e KuvKov Drcv`b ïiæ n‡jI wPswoi b¨vq KuvKov Zvrch©c~Y©fv‡e

we‡`‡k ißvwb ïiæ nIqvq Avgv‡ì †`‡k 1993 mvj n‡Z DcK‚jxq Rjvk‡q cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Drcvw`Z KuvKov

AcwiKwíZfv‡e KuvKovi Pvl/d¨v‡Uwbs ïiæ nq| kxjv KuvKovi AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvIqvq wPswo Pv‡li

c‡iB DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j kxjv KuvKov Pvl/d¨v‡Uwbs †ek jvfRbK| †jvbvcvwb AÂ‡ji †h mg¯Í †Ni, cyKz‡i wPswo Pvl

nqbv ev Gi Dc‡hvMx bq †m mg¯Í †Ni ev cyKzi‡K AwZ mn‡RB eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g ¯^íg~‡j¨ †`kxq Lvevi cÖ‡qv‡Mi

gva¨‡g me©Kvjxb cwiPh©vq ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs/ Pv‡li Rb¨ ïay D‡`¨vM, cÖwk¶Y

I KvwiMwi Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb|

evsjv‡`‡k m¤¢vebvgq KuvKov m¤ú`‡K RvZxq A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi j‡¶¨ KuvKovi Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs Gi

DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj D™¢ve‡b †jvbvcvwb †K›`ª, evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU wewfbœ ai‡bi mgq Dc‡hvMx M‡elYv

Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q Ges BwZg‡a¨ KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi êÁvwbK Kjv‡KŠkj D™¢veb K‡i‡Q, hv

cieZ©xKv‡j wewfbœ mg‡q cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji KuvKov Pvlx‡ì g‡a¨ m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

evsj‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji AwaKvsk GjvKvi KuvKov Pvlxiv `xN©w`b †_‡K D³ cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i

cyKz‡i KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg K‡i Avm‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi wewfbœ êÁvwbK Kjv‡KŠkj

AviI †ewk m¤cÖmviY m¤¢e n‡j DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi RxweKv wbe©vn AviI mnR n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv

hvq|KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi êÁvwbK Kjv‡KŠkj eënv‡i ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b e„w× QvovI `vwi`ª †gvP‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

f~wgKv ivL‡e|

30

KuvKov Pvl Gi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ, wK‡kvi KuvKovi cÖvc¨Zv, wbe©vPb I gRy`KiY

cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂjmg~n †hLv‡b eQ‡ii AwaKvsk mg‡q †jvbvcvwb _v‡K Ges g¨vb‡MÖvf GjvKv KuvKov Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx| †m mg¯Í GjvKvq †QvU †QvU AvKv‡ii cyKzi cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Ges wPswo †N‡i euv‡ki evbv ¯’vcb K‡i KuvKovi Pvl Kiv hvq| KuvKovi cyKz‡i memgq jeYv³ cvwb cwieZ©‡bi my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| eQ‡i 8-10 gvm 5 wcwcwUi E‡aŸ© jeYv³Zv _v‡K| G iKg ¯’vb KuvKov Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| G Qvov KuvKov Pvl GjvKvq eb¨cÖvYx I cvwL gy³ _vK‡Z n‡e|

31

cyKz‡i euv‡ai Af¨šÍ‡i euv‡ki evbv/†eov ¯’vcb cvwb wbM©gb/†XvKv‡bvi Rb¨ ˆZwi B‡Ui †MU

cyKzi/†Ni wbg©vY

cyKz‡ii Pviav‡i cvwb avi‡Yi Rb¨ k³ euva wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov hv‡Z evB‡i P‡j †h‡Z bv cv‡i ZvB euv‡ai Af¨šÍ‡i euv‡ki †eov ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| †eovi D”PZv cvwbi Dc‡i 1.5 dzU (0.5 wgUvi) ivL‡Z n‡e| G †eov Kgc‡¶ 1.5 dzU (0.5 wgUvi) gvwUi wb‡P ewm‡q w`‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov †eovi wbP w`‡q MZ© K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| GQvov †eovi eybb Ggb Nb n‡Z n‡e †hb wK‡kvi KuvKov duvK w`‡q cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| KvV A_ev B‡Ui †MU wbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g cyKz‡i cvwb XyKv‡bv I wbM©g‡bi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡ii AvqZb 50-200 kZK Ges MfxiZv 3-5 dzU (1-1.5 wgUvi) ivLv fv‡jv|

32

cyKz‡ii ïK‡bv Zj‡`k

cyKzi/†Ni cÖ¯‘wZ

ïKv‡bv

cyKz‡ii gvwU ïKv‡Z n‡e| ïKvevi c‡i gvwUi Dc‡ii A¤ø jeY welv³ c`v_© Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cyKz‡ii Zj‡`k †aŠZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb Zz‡j cybivq 1w`b ci cvwb †Q‡o †aŠZ cÖwµqvq mgvav Ki‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡ii Zj‡`k Pvl †`qv cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Pvl †`qvi ci GKB wbq‡g Zv cybivq †aŠZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

Pzb cÖ‡qvM

cyKz‡ii gvwUi wcGB‡Pi wfwË K‡i cv_y‡i Pzb ¸uov K‡i mviv cyKz‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| gvwUi wcGBP 7-7.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j cÖwZ kZ‡K 0.5 †KwR cv_y‡i Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| gvwUi wcGBP wba©viYc~e©K Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ|

Pzb cÖ‡qvMK…Z cyKz‡ii Zj‡`k

Avkªq¯’j m„wó

KuvKov cÖwZ Agvem¨v I c~wY©gvq †Lvjm cvwë‡q e„w× jvf K‡i| KuvKov †Lvjm Qvovi mgq RjR cÖvYxi AvµgY †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ jywK‡q _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| G mgq G‡ì †`n LyeB `ye©j I big _v‡K| Avkª‡qi eë¯’v bv Ki‡j mej KuvKov `ye©j¸‡jv‡K †L‡q †d‡j| Pv‡li cyKz‡i euv‡ki KwÂ ev wcwfwm cvB‡ci (e¨vm 4-6 BwÂ) UzKiv w`‡q Avkªq¯’j ˆZwi Kiv hvq| cvB‡ci e¨vm wewfbœ mvB‡Ri n‡j †QvU-eo KuvKov Zv‡ì cQ›`g‡Zv ¯’v‡b Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡i| cyKz‡ii Zj‡`‡k Ges †eovi cv‡k G Avkªq¯’j ’vcb Kiv hvq| Avkª‡qi eë¯’v Ki‡j AwZwi³ †iv` n‡Z KuvKov i¶v cvq|

33

cyKz‡i mvi cÖ‡qvM

cvwb D‡Ëvjb I mvi

cÖ‡qvM

cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi mgq 0.25 wgwjwgUvi wQ`ªhy³ bvBjb Rvj w`‡q cvwb †Qu‡K 1 dzU (30 †m.wg.) ch©šÍ cvwb cyKz‡i DwV‡q ˆRe mvi (†Mvei) I ivmvqwbK mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| kZKcÖwZ 2-2.5 †KwR ˆRe mvi, 60 MÖvg wUGmwc Ges 40 MÖvg BDwiqv mvi cvwb‡Z ¸‡j wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk µgvš^q cvwbi MfxiZv 3 dzU (1wgUvi) ch©šÍ e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb‡Z Drcvw`Z dvB‡Uªvcøv±b KuvKov Lv`¨ Dcv`vb e„w×‡Z mnvqZvi cvkvcvwk cyKz‡ii Zjvq Qvqv †`q| G Qvov cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y mwVK gvÎvq ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i I welv³ c`v_© Acmvi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i|

wK‡kvi KuvKov cÖvc¨Zv

I wbe©vPb

Avgv‡ì †`‡k b`x n‡Z evM`v wPswo aivi mgq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wK‡kvi KuvKov cvIqv hvq| KuvKov cvwb Qvov evZv‡m 4-5 w`b mn‡R †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cwien‡b †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq bv| wK‡kvi KuvKov GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯’v‡b euv‡ki Szwo‡Z cwienb Kiv nq| cÖvß wK‡kvi KuvKov n‡Z mej I my¯’ †cvbvi ¿x I cyiæl evPvB K‡i mwVK Abycv‡Z cyKz‡i Qvo‡Z n‡e| KuvKov gRy` Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKovi †cvbv †gvUvgywU GKB AvKv‡ii nq| Ab¨_vq G‡K Ab¨‡K †L‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i|

gRy` Dchy³ wK‡kvi KuvKov

34

KuvKov gRy`KiY

mvaviYZ, Rvbyqvwi-gvP© gv‡m 25-30 MÖvg IR‡bi wK‡kvi KuvKov cÖwZ kZ‡K 60-70wU gRy` hvq| ¯¿x I cyiæl 9:1 Abycv‡Z gRy` Kiv fv‡jv|

KuvKov Pv‡l gvwU I

cvwbi ¸Yvewj

KuvKov Pv‡l gvwU I cvwbi ¸Yvewj wbgœiƒc nIqv evÃbxq|

gvwUi ¸Yvewj:

• big †`vAuvk I cwj gvwU• nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBU I A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨vmgy³ gvwU• ˆRe c`v_© 7-12%• GwmW mvj‡dU gy³ gvwU• nvjKv k¨vIjv I RjR AvMvQvhy³ cwi‡ek

cvwbi ¸Yvewj :

• jeYv³Zv 5-25 wcwcwU• ZvcgvÎv 22-300 †mw›U‡MÖW• wcGBP 7.5-8.5• G¨vjKvwjwbwU >80 wgwjMÖvg/wj.• nvW©‡bm 40-100 wcwcGg• `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb 4 wc wc Gi D‡aŸ©|*Avgv‡ì †`‡k mvaviYZ gvP© †_‡K RyjvB gv‡m KuvKov Pv‡li Rb¨ cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y I ZvcgvÎv Dchy³ ch©v‡q _v‡K|

cyKz‡i KuvKov gRy`KiY

KuvKov Pv‡li Rb¨ eëüZAv`k© gvwU I cvwbi ¸Yv¸Ym¤úbœ cyKzi

35

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e †QvU †Zjvwcqv gvQ, kvgyK, wSby‡Ki gvsm †QvU wPswo I wPswoi gv_v BZ¨vw` eënvi Kiv hvq| †Uª‡Z Lvevi w`‡q Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cÖeYZv ch©‡e¶Yc~e©K Lvevi mieivn wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z n‡e| Lvevi we‡K‡j ev mÜ¨vq I iv‡Z cÖZ¨n 2-3 evi †gvU kix‡ii IR‡bi kZKiv 8 fvM nv‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Ggbfv‡e Lvevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq Kg bv nq| Ab¨_vq Giv G‡K Ab¨‡K †L‡q †d‡j| Z‡e mieivn Kiv Lv‡`¨ †hb 30-40% Avwgl _v‡K Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡gœ K‡qKwU Lv`¨m~Î †`qv n‡jv-

cvwb eë¯’vcbv

KuvKov‡K `ªæZ ˆ`wnK e„w× I †ivMevjvB n‡Z gy³ ivL‡Z cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y mwVK gvÎvq eRvq ivLv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| fv‡jv dj‡bi Rb¨ øyBm‡M‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖwZ Agvem¨v I c~wY©gvq †Rvqvi-fvUvq KuvKov cyKz‡ii cvwb (Kgc‡¶ 40%) cwieZ©b Kiv evÃbxq| cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y i¶vi Rb¨ wbqwgZ Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y cø¨v¼Ub gviv †M‡j wKsev cvwb `~wlZ n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ cvwb cwieZ©‡bi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ mßv‡n KuvKovi e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨ I g„Zz¨ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mwVK cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g mgqg‡Zv Lvevi w`‡j I cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y wVK _vK‡j fv‡jv djb Avkv Kiv hvq

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e †QvU †Zjvwcqv gvQ, kvgyK, wSby‡Ki gvsm †QvU wPswo I wPswoi gv_v BZ¨vw` eënvi Kiv hvq| †Uª‡Z Lvevi w`‡q Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cÖeYZv ch©‡e¶Yc~e©K Lvevi mieivn wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z n‡e| Lvevi we‡K‡j ev mÜ¨vq I iv‡Z cÖZ¨n 2-3 evi †gvU kix‡ii IR‡bi kZKiv 8 fvM nv‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Ggbfv‡e Lvevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq Kg bv nq| Ab¨_vq Giv G‡K Ab¨‡K †L‡q †d‡j| Z‡e mieivn Kiv Lv‡`¨ †hb 30-40% Avwgl _v‡K Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡gœ K‡qKwU Lv`¨m~Î †`qv n‡jv-

cvwb eë¯’vcbv

KuvKov‡K `ªæZ ˆ`wnK e„w× I †ivMevjvB n‡Z gy³ ivL‡Z cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y mwVK gvÎvq eRvq ivLv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| fv‡jv dj‡bi Rb¨ øyBm‡M‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖwZ Agvem¨v I c~wY©gvq †Rvqvi-fvUvq KuvKov cyKz‡ii cvwb (Kgc‡¶ 40%) cwieZ©b Kiv evÃbxq| cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y i¶vi Rb¨ wbqwgZ Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y cø¨v¼Ub gviv †M‡j wKsev cvwb `~wlZ n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ cvwb cwieZ©‡bi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ mßv‡n KuvKovi e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨ I g„Zz¨ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mwVK cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g mgqg‡Zv Lvevi w`‡j I cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y wVK _vK‡j fv‡jv djb Avkv Kiv hvq

Lv`¨ Dcv`vb eënvi gvÎv (%)

mieivnK…Z Avwgl (%)

m~Î-1 †Zjvwcqv

evM`v wPswoi gv_v

50 50

29.5 17.94

m~Î-2 †Zjvwcqv

Miæ/QvM‡ji bvwo-fyuwo

25 75

14.9 38.7

m~Î-3 †Zjvwcqv

kvgyK/wSby‡Ki gvsm

50 50

29.5 15.19

†Zjvwcqv gvQ

KuvKovi e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨ I g„Zz¨ bgybvqb KuvKovi e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨ I g„Zz¨ bgybvqb

wPswoi gv_vkvgyK/wSbyK

36

AvniY I evRviRvZKiY

gRy‡ì 5-6 gvm ci KuvKovi IRb K‡g hvq| wbqwgZ cwiPh©v I Lvevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg AwZµg K‡i, hv AvniY Kiv I AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i wewµ‡hvM¨| KuvKov aivi Rb¨ euv‡ki QB, SuvwK Rvj, Rv‡ji ˆZwi duv`, †_vcv eënvi Kiv hvq| cyKzi ïwK‡qI KuvKov AvniY Kiv nq| Z‡e aivi mgq †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cv †f‡½ bv hvq| KuvKov aivi Av‡MB cyKz‡i Lvevi mieivn eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| cøvw÷‡Ki wdZv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e we‡kl wbq‡g †eu‡a Szwo‡Z fwZ© K‡i fv‡jvfv‡e evRviRvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Acwic° ¯¿x KuvKov I big †Lvmvhy³ cyiæl KuvKov cieZ©x‡Z d¨v‡Uwbs I nv‡W©wbs‡qi Rb¨ †N‡i gRy` Kiv nq|

Drcv`b

KuvKov Pv‡li †¶‡Î mvaviYZ 50-60% euvPvi nvi Avni‡Yi mgq j¶¨ Kiv hvq Ges Mo Drcv`b 500-700 †KwR/†n±i|

mZK©Zv I civgk©

• KuvKov‡K wbqwgZ I cwigvYg‡Zv Lvevi mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e; • wbqwgZ cvwb cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †N‡ii cwi‡ek wVK †i‡L KuvKovi e„w× wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e; • Dchy³ mg‡q KuvKov gRy` I AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e bZzev evRvig~j¨ Kg n‡e|

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cyKzi/†N‡i KuvKov gRy`, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gvwU

I cvwb eë¯’vcbv, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cieZ©x AvniY, evRviRvZKiY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

cyKzi wbe©vPb

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ †`v-Auvk ev cwj †`v-Auvk gvwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †h‡nZz d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ Acwic° ¯¿x KuvKov GKB mg‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq bv, ZvB cyKzi AvKv‡i †QvU n‡j KuvKov gRy` Ki‡Z myweav nq| cyKz‡ii AvqZb 12-50 kZK I MfxiZv 3-5 dz‡Ui (1-1.5 wgUvi) g‡a¨ n‡j fv‡jv nq| ZvQvov eë¯’vcbvi wewfbœ w`K †_‡KI †QvU AvKv‡ii cyKzi me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †Rvqvi-fvUvi mgq cvwb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Ggb ’v‡b cyKzi nIqv evÃbxq| cyKz‡ii cvwb D‡Ëvjb I wbM©g‡bi Rb¨ c„_K †MU _vK‡j fv‡jv nq|

AvniY I evRviRvZKiY

gRy‡ì 5-6 gvm ci KuvKovi IRb K‡g hvq| wbqwgZ cwiPh©v I Lvevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg AwZµg K‡i, hv AvniY Kiv I AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i wewµ‡hvM¨| KuvKov aivi Rb¨ euv‡ki QB, SuvwK Rvj, Rv‡ji ˆZwi duv`, †_vcv eënvi Kiv hvq| cyKzi ïwK‡qI KuvKov AvniY Kiv nq| Z‡e aivi mgq †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cv †f‡½ bv hvq| KuvKov aivi Av‡MB cyKz‡i Lvevi mieivn eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| cøvw÷‡Ki wdZv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e we‡kl wbq‡g †eu‡a Szwo‡Z fwZ© K‡i fv‡jvfv‡e evRviRvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Acwic° ¯¿x KuvKov I big †Lvmvhy³ cyiæl KuvKov cieZ©x‡Z d¨v‡Uwbs I nv‡W©wbs‡qi Rb¨ †N‡i gRy` Kiv nq|

Drcv`b

KuvKov Pv‡li †¶‡Î mvaviYZ 50-60% euvPvi nvi Avni‡Yi mgq j¶¨ Kiv hvq Ges Mo Drcv`b 500-700 †KwR/†n±i|

mZK©Zv I civgk©

• KuvKov‡K wbqwgZ I cwigvYg‡Zv Lvevi mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e; • wbqwgZ cvwb cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †N‡ii cwi‡ek wVK †i‡L KuvKovi e„w× wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e; • Dchy³ mg‡q KuvKov gRy` I AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e bZzev evRvig~j¨ Kg n‡e|

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cyKzi/†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cyKzi/†N‡i KuvKov gRy`, Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gvwU

I cvwb eë¯’vcbv, KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs cieZ©x AvniY, evRviRvZKiY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

cyKzi wbe©vPb

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ †`v-Auvk ev cwj †`v-Auvk gvwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †h‡nZz d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ Acwic° ¯¿x KuvKov GKB mg‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq bv, ZvB cyKzi AvKv‡i †QvU n‡j KuvKov gRy` Ki‡Z myweav nq| cyKz‡ii AvqZb 12-50 kZK I MfxiZv 3-5 dz‡Ui (1-1.5 wgUvi) g‡a¨ n‡j fv‡jv nq| ZvQvov eë¯’vcbvi wewfbœ w`K †_‡KI †QvU AvKv‡ii cyKzi me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †Rvqvi-fvUvi mgq cvwb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Ggb ’v‡b cyKzi nIqv evÃbxq| cyKz‡ii cvwb D‡Ëvjb I wbM©g‡bi Rb¨ c„_K †MU _vK‡j fv‡jv nq|

cyKz‡i KuvKov AvniY Szwo‡Z fwZ© AvniYK…Z KuvKov

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ wbg©vYK…Z cyKzi/†Ni

37

cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZ

cyKzi ˆZwi : cyKzi ïKv‡bvi ci cvo fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov MZ© m„wó K‡i cvjv‡Z bv cv‡i| KuvKovi cjvqb ¯^fve †iva Ki‡Z 5 dzU (1.5 wgUvi) D”PZvi evu‡ki evbv w`‡q cyKz‡ii PZzw`©‡K wN‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| evbv cÖvq 1.5 dzU (0.5 wgUvi) gvwUi wb‡P Ggbfv‡e cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z KuvKov cyKz‡ii cvo MZ© K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| PvlKvjxb cvwbi jeYv³Zvi gvÎv 5-25 wcwcwUi g‡a¨ _vK‡j fv‡jv dj Avkv Kiv hvq|

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : cyKz‡ii gvwUi wcGBP Gi wfwË K‡i cv_y‡i Pzb ¸uov K‡i mviv cyKz‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| gvwUi wcGBP 7-7.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j cÖwZ kZ‡K 0.5 †KwR cv_y‡i Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| gvwUi wcGBP wba©viYc~e©K Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ|

cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cyKz‡i cvwb D‡Ëvjb I mvi cÖ‡qvM

Pzb wQUv‡bvi 7 w`b ci cyKz‡i †Rvqv‡ii cvwb Zzj‡Z n‡e| cvwb XyKv‡bvi 7 w`b ci kZK cÖwZ 3-3.5 †KwR †Mvei cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvei cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci kZKcÖwZ 20 MÖvg BDwiqv Ges 60 MÖvg wUGmwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| A‰Re mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`b ci cvwbi is meyRvf n‡j cyKz‡i KuvKov gRyZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

KuvKov gRy`

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ Acwic° ¿x KuvKov kZKcÖwZ 40wU (7 †KwR) gRyZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ© n‡Z n‡e| KviY DwjøwLZ IR‡bi KuvKov m‡e©v”P †MÖWfz³ nIqvq AwaK g~‡j¨ wewµ n‡q _v‡K Ges GB AvKv‡ii KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î 175 MÖvg IR‡bi ¯¿x KuvKovI gRy` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY, cwicyó nIqvi ci D³ KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg n‡q hv‡e|

Lv`¨ I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

KuvKov mvaviYZ gvsmvkx Lvevi †hgb kvgyK, wSbyK, wPswo I gvQ †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ KuvKovi Lvevi wnmv‡e kZKiv 25% †Zjvwcqv Ges 75% Miæ-QvM‡ji bvwofyuwo A_ev 50% †Zjvwcqv gvQ Ges 50% evM`v wPswoi gv_v cÖwZw`b cyKz‡i mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKovi IR‡bi 5-10% nv‡i Lvevi cÖwZw`b y‡ejv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| gvQ I Miæ-QvM‡ji bvwofzuwo fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kivi ci †QvU †QvU UzKiv K‡i cyKz‡i mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi †¶‡Î KuvKovi e„w× bq eis †Mvbv‡Wi cwicyóZvB gyL¨ welq ZvB ch©vß cwigvY Lv`¨ h_vmg‡q mieivn Aek¨B wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZ

cyKzi ˆZwi : cyKzi ïKv‡bvi ci cvo fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov MZ© m„wó K‡i cvjv‡Z bv cv‡i| KuvKovi cjvqb ¯^fve †iva Ki‡Z 5 dzU (1.5 wgUvi) D”PZvi evu‡ki evbv w`‡q cyKz‡ii PZzw`©‡K wN‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| evbv cÖvq 1.5 dzU (0.5 wgUvi) gvwUi wb‡P Ggbfv‡e cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z KuvKov cyKz‡ii cvo MZ© K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| PvlKvjxb cvwbi jeYv³Zvi gvÎv 5-25 wcwcwUi g‡a¨ _vK‡j fv‡jv dj Avkv Kiv hvq|

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : cyKz‡ii gvwUi wcGBP Gi wfwË K‡i cv_y‡i Pzb ¸uov K‡i mviv cyKz‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| gvwUi wcGBP 7-7.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j cÖwZ kZ‡K 0.5 †KwR cv_y‡i Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| gvwUi wcGBP wba©viYc~e©K Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ|

cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cyKz‡i cvwb D‡Ëvjb I mvi cÖ‡qvM

Pzb wQUv‡bvi 7 w`b ci cyKz‡i †Rvqv‡ii cvwb Zzj‡Z n‡e| cvwb XyKv‡bvi 7 w`b ci kZK cÖwZ 3-3.5 †KwR †Mvei cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvei cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci kZKcÖwZ 20 MÖvg BDwiqv Ges 60 MÖvg wUGmwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| A‰Re mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`b ci cvwbi is meyRvf n‡j cyKz‡i KuvKov gRyZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

KuvKov gRy`

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ Acwic° ¿x KuvKov kZKcÖwZ 40wU (7 †KwR) gRyZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ© n‡Z n‡e| KviY DwjøwLZ IR‡bi KuvKov m‡e©v”P †MÖWfz³ nIqvq AwaK g~‡j¨ wewµ n‡q _v‡K Ges GB AvKv‡ii KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î 175 MÖvg IR‡bi ¯¿x KuvKovI gRy` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY, cwicyó nIqvi ci D³ KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg n‡q hv‡e|


KuvKov mvaviYZ gvsmvkx Lvevi †hgb kvgyK, wSbyK, wPswo I gvQ †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ KuvKovi Lvevi wnmv‡e kZKiv 25% †Zjvwcqv Ges 75% Miæ-QvM‡ji bvwofyuwo A_ev 50% †Zjvwcqv gvQ Ges 50% evM`v wPswoi gv_v cÖwZw`b cyKz‡i mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKovi IR‡bi 5-10% nv‡i Lvevi cÖwZw`b y‡ejv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| gvQ I Miæ-QvM‡ji bvwofzuwo fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kivi ci †QvU †QvU UzKiv K‡i cyKz‡i mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi †¶‡Î KuvKovi e„w× bq eis †Mvbv‡Wi cwicyóZvB gyL¨ welq ZvB ch©vß cwigvY Lv`¨ h_vmg‡q mieivn Aek¨B wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Dc‡hvMx cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cyKzi

38

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs †N‡ii gvwUi ¸Yvewj

• big †`vAuvk I cwj †`vAuvk gvwU| • nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBU I A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨vmgy³ gvwU| • ˆRe c`v_© 7-12% • GwmW mvj‡dU gy³ gvwU| • nvjKv k¨vIjv I RjR AvMvQvhy³ cwi‡ek|

cvwb eë ’vcbv

cyKz‡i KuvKov Lvevi wnmv‡e cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cÖvwYR gvsm Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z nq hv ªæZ cPbkxj| ZvB KuvKovi cyKz‡ii cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv n‡jI cvwb bó n‡Z cv‡i| †m Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a Agvem¨v ev c~wY©gvi fiv †Rvqv‡ii mgq 4-7 w`b 30-40% nv‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb AwZ gvÎvq I Nb Nb cvwb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j cwic° KuvKov wWg Qvovmn †Lvjm cwieZ©‡bi cÖeYZv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i Drcv`‡bi j¶¨ e¨vnZ n‡e|

¿x KuvKovi †MvbvW cix¶v

KuvKov gRy‡ì 10 w`b ci †_‡KB KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡q‡Q wKbv, Zv 2-3 w`b AšÍi cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov‡K Av‡jvi wecix‡Z ai‡j hw` KuvKovi yB cv‡ki cv‡qi †Mvovi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jv AwZµg Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ †MvbvW cwicyó n‡j cyKz‡i cvwb IVv‡bvi mgq KuvKov †M‡Ui Kv‡Q P‡j Av‡m|

KuvKov AvniY I evRviRvZKiY

KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡j KuvKov AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov Avni‡Yi j‡¶¨ cyKz‡i †Rvqv‡ii cvwb cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j KuvKov †mªv‡Zi wecix‡Z G‡m †M‡Ui Kv‡Q wfo Ki‡e| G mg‡q ‹zc‡bU w`‡q KuvKov ai‡Z n‡e| Zv Qvov †Uvc w`‡q cÖjyä K‡iI KuvKov aiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KuvKov m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Avni‡Yi Rb¨ cyKz‡ii cvwb wb®‹vkb Ki‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡kl wbq‡g †e‡ua †dj‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq KuvKovi wPgUv cv †f‡½ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| a„Z KuvKov‡K wW‡cv‡Z †MÖwWs Abyhvqx weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| euv‡ki/cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwoi gva¨‡g (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 90-100 †KwR) gvVch©vq †_‡K XvKvq KuvKov †cÖiY Kiv nq| AvšÍR©vwZK ixwZ Abymv‡i cybivq cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 16 †KwR K‡i KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv nq|

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs †N‡ii gvwUi ¸Yvewj

• big †`vAuvk I cwj †`vAuvk gvwU| • nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBU I A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨vmgy³ gvwU| • ˆRe c`v_© 7-12% • GwmW mvj‡dU gy³ gvwU| • nvjKv k¨vIjv I RjR AvMvQvhy³ cwi‡ek|

cvwb eë ’vcbv

cyKz‡i KuvKov Lvevi wnmv‡e cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cÖvwYR gvsm Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z nq hv ªæZ cPbkxj| ZvB KuvKovi cyKz‡ii cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv n‡jI cvwb bó n‡Z cv‡i| †m Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a Agvem¨v ev c~wY©gvi fiv †Rvqv‡ii mgq 4-7 w`b 30-40% nv‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb AwZ gvÎvq I Nb Nb cvwb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j cwic° KuvKov wWg Qvovmn †Lvjm cwieZ©‡bi cÖeYZv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i Drcv`‡bi j¶¨ e¨vnZ n‡e|

¿x KuvKovi †MvbvW cix¶v

KuvKov gRy‡ì 10 w`b ci †_‡KB KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡q‡Q wKbv, Zv 2-3 w`b AšÍi cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov‡K Av‡jvi wecix‡Z ai‡j hw` KuvKovi yB cv‡ki cv‡qi †Mvovi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jv AwZµg Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ †MvbvW cwicyó n‡j cyKz‡i cvwb IVv‡bvi mgq KuvKov †M‡Ui Kv‡Q P‡j Av‡m|

KuvKov AvniY I evRviRvZKiY

KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡j KuvKov AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov Avni‡Yi j‡¶¨ cyKz‡i †Rvqv‡ii cvwb cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j KuvKov †mªv‡Zi wecix‡Z G‡m †M‡Ui Kv‡Q wfo Ki‡e| G mg‡q ‹zc‡bU w`‡q KuvKov ai‡Z n‡e| Zv Qvov †Uvc w`‡q cÖjyä K‡iI KuvKov aiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KuvKov m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Avni‡Yi Rb¨ cyKz‡ii cvwb wb®‹vkb Ki‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡kl wbq‡g †e‡ua †dj‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq KuvKovi wPgUv cv †f‡½ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| a„Z KuvKov‡K wW‡cv‡Z †MÖwWs Abyhvqx weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| euv‡ki/cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwoi gva¨‡g (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 90-100 †KwR) gvVch©vq †_‡K XvKvq KuvKov †cÖiY Kiv nq| AvšÍR©vwZK ixwZ Abymv‡i cybivq cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 16 †KwR K‡i KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv nq|

ev‡j¦i Av‡jvi wecix‡Z KuvKovi †MvbvW cix¶v

KuvKov aivi Rb¨ eëüZ ¯‹zc‡bU KuvKov aivi ci †eu‡a †djv KuvKovi IRb †bqv

m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z KuvKovi †MvbvW cix¶v

39

¿x KuvKovi †MÖwWs c×wZ

AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K †MÖW Abyhvqx (Gd-1 †MÖW, mKj cvmn 180 MÖvg ev Z ~aŸ©; Gd-2 †MÖW, cvkvcvwk ywU cv fv½vmn 150-179 MÖvg; Ges Gd-3 †MÖW, ywU ev Z‡ZvwaK cv fvOvmn 100-149 MÖvg) wW‡cv‡Z weµq Kiv nq| D‡jø¬L¨, Gd-1 †MÖ‡Wi KuvKovB we‡`‡k †ewk ißvwb‡hvM¨|

wb‡gœ KuvKovi evRviRvZKi‡Yi GKwU †jLwPÎ †`qv n‡jv:

wPÎ : KuvKovi evRviRvZKi‡Yi bgybv wPÎ

Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

Avgv‡ì †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji we‡kl K‡i e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvq wKQy wKQy GjvKvq cÖvK…wZKfv‡e 6 gvm †h jeYv³Zv cvIqv hvq D³ mg‡q ch©vqµ‡g Kgc‡¶ 4wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e|

¿x KuvKovi †MÖwWs c×wZ

AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K †MÖW Abyhvqx (Gd-1 †MÖW, mKj cvmn 180 MÖvg ev Z ~aŸ©; Gd-2 †MÖW, cvkvcvwk ywU cv fv½vmn 150-179 MÖvg; Ges Gd-3 †MÖW, ywU ev Z‡ZvwaK cv fvOvmn 100-149 MÖvg) wW‡cv‡Z weµq Kiv nq| D‡jø¬L¨, Gd-1 †MÖ‡Wi KuvKovB we‡`‡k †ewk ißvwb‡hvM¨|

wb‡gœ KuvKovi evRviRvZKi‡Yi GKwU †jLwPÎ †`qv n‡jv:

wPÎ : KuvKovi evRviRvZKi‡Yi bgybv wPÎ

Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

Avgv‡ì †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji we‡kl K‡i e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvq wKQy wKQy GjvKvq cÖvK…wZKfv‡e 6 gvm †h jeYv³Zv cvIqv hvq D³ mg‡q ch©vqµ‡g Kgc‡¶ 4wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e|

Gd-1†MÖW KuvKov Gd-2 †MÖW KuvKov Gd-3 †MÖW KuvKov

euv‡ki Szwo‡Z ¯Í‚cK…Z KuvKov cøvw÷‡Ki Szwo‡Z ¯Í‚cK…Z KuvKov

†R‡j/K…lK

’vbxq we‡µZv

AvoZ

’vbxq evRvi

(ißvwb A‡hvM¨ KuvKov)

ißvwbKviK

ißvwb evRvi

40

wb‡¤œ 1 †n±i (7.5 weNv) AvqZ‡bi cyKz‡i KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †`qv n‡jv:

Dc‡i ewY©Z Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui †jvbvcvwb †K›`ª n‡Z cÖKvwkZ KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Kjv‡KŠkj kxl©K cyw¯ÍKv n‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q|

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU jvfRbK Kvh©µg| cwicyó †MvbvW wewkó ¯¿x KuvKov D”P evRvi g~j¨ I ewnwe©‡k¦ †ewk Pvwn`v, g„Zz¨nvi Kg Ges ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv cvIqv hvq weavq evsjv‡`‡ki †jvbvcvwb AÂ‡j KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs †ek RbwcÖq| KuvKov‡K d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi gva¨‡g evRviRvZ Dc‡hvMx K‡i GB Drm †_‡K we‡`kx gy`ªv AR©‡bi cwigvY e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|

wb‡¤œ 1 †n±i (7.5 weNv) AvqZ‡bi cyKz‡i KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †`qv n‡jv:

Dc‡i ewY©Z Avq-e¨‡qi wnmvewU evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui †jvbvcvwb †K›`ª n‡Z cÖKvwkZ KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Kjv‡KŠkj kxl©K cyw¯ÍKv n‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q|

KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU jvfRbK Kvh©µg| cwicyó †MvbvW wewkó ¯¿x KuvKov D”P evRvi g~j¨ I ewnwe©‡k¦ †ewk Pvwn`v, g„Zz¨nvi Kg Ges ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv cvIqv hvq weavq evsjv‡`‡ki †jvbvcvwb AÂ‡j KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs †ek RbwcÖq| KuvKov‡K d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi gva¨‡g evRviRvZ Dc‡hvMx K‡i GB Drm †_‡K we‡`kx gy`ªv AR©‡bi cwigvY e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|

K) wbw ©ó e¨q : ªe¨vw` ì (UvKv) cwigvY Avqy®‹vj †gvU LiP

1) euv‡ki evbv (D”PZv 1.5wg.)

70.00/wg. 400 wg. 3 ermi 28,000.00

2) Kv‡Vi †MU 9,000.00 2wU 3 ermi 18,000.00 3) MvW© †kW 1,000.00 2wU 2 ermi 2,000.00 †gvU cÖK…Z LiP-48,000.00 L) Awbw ©ó e¨q:

ªe¨vw` ì (UvKv) cwigvY †gvU (UvKv) 1) cyKzi wjR 650.00/†n. / gvm - 650.00 2) Acwic° ¿x KuvKov (IRb 180 MÖvg)

100.00 †KwR 1800 †KwR (10,000 KuvKov/ †n.)

1,80,000.00

3) Pzb 4.50/†KwR 125 †KwR 562.00 4) BDwiqv 5.00/†KwR 25 †KwR 125.00 5) wUGmwc 14.00/†KwR 15 †KwR 210.00 6) Lv`¨ : (5-10%) nv‡i K) †Zjvwcqv gvQ/Uªvk wdk L) Miæ/QvM‡ji fuywo

22.00 †KwR 10.00/†KwR

589 †KwR 1769 †KwR

12,958.00 17,690.00

7) wbqwgZ kªwgK (20w`b) 50.00/w`b 4 Rb 4,000.00 8) AwbqwgZ kªwgK I wewea - 5,000.00 †gvU= 2,21,195.00

M) g~ja‡bi e¨vsKmy` 14% nv‡i (6 gv‡mi wnmve)

18,843.65

me©‡gvU e¨q (K+L+M) = 2,88,038.65

Avq : KuvKovi Mo IRb (MÖvg)

†gvU KuvKovi msL¨v

KuvKov †eu‡P _vKvi nvi

†gvU KuvKovi IRb (†KwR)

ì (UvKv/†KwR)

g~j¨ (UvKv)

190 9,000 90% 1,710 180.00 3,07,800.00 cÖK…Z gybvdv : 1g e¨vP (1) Avq, 3,07,800.00 e¨q 2,88,038.65=19,761.35 2q e¨vP (2) 3,07,800.00 e¨q 2,21,195.00=86,605.00 3q e¨vP (3) Avq, 3,07,800.00 e¨q 2,21,195.00=86,605.00 4_© e¨vP (4) Avq, 3,07,800.00 e¨q 2,21,195.00=86,605.00 me©‡gvU cÖK…Z gybvdv (1+2+3+4)= 2,79,576.35

41

LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj : euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi, LuvPv ¯’vcb, LuvPvq KuvKov

gRy` I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gRy`-cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v, KuvKov AvniY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs †Kb Ki‡eb :

• cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô GKwU K‡i KuvKov gRy` Kivq GKwU Ab¨wU‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; • cÖ‡Z¨KwU KuvKov‡K mgvbfv‡e Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e nq| d‡j Lvev‡ii AcPq †iva nq Ges gRy K…Z KuvKovi g‡a¨ Lvevi wb‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv nq bv; • †Rvqvi-fvUv êwkó¨c~Y© ¯’v‡b LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv nq weavq cvwb `~l‡Yi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv; • LuvPvq gRy`K…Z †h‡Kv‡bv KuvKovi †Mvbv‡Wi cwic°Zv Zvr¶wYKfv‡e cix¶v Kiv hvq; • euvPvi nvi I g„Zz¨nvi mwVKfv‡e wbiƒcY Kiv hvq; • f~wgnxb ev `wi`ª K…lK b`x‡Z LuvPv ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z cv‡i; • m‡e©vcwi P~ovšÍ Avni‡Yi mgq Rjvkq ïKv‡bvRwbZ e¨‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv; • LuvPvq Lvevi †`qv, AvniY I cwiPh©v mn‡RB m¤¢e; • Pvlx‡K Rwgi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb nq bv; • Db¥ y³ Rjvk‡q LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv nq weavq cvwb `~lY nq bv|

LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs c×wZ

LuvPv ˆZwi

cwic° k³ euvk Avav BwÂ †_‡K †cŠ‡b GK BwÂ †gvUv dvwj K‡i wPKb myZv w`‡q evbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici evbv¸‡jv‡K cvkvcvwk mshy³ K‡i †QvU †QvU cÖ‡Kvôwewkó eo AvKv‡ii LuvPv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb 10" × 10" × 12" (ˆ`N©¨ × cÖ¯’ × D”PZv) n‡e| M‡elYv djvd‡j †`Lv hvq, A_©vr LuvPvi cÖwZ cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb 10" × 10" × 12" n‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv dj cvIqv m¤¢e | cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb wbw`©ó †i‡L LuvPvi †gvU AvqZb evov‡bv ev Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z GKvwaK LuvPv GKB mv‡_ eënvi Kiv hvq| Dcwifv‡M k³/gReyZ XvKbv w`‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i Ges wbqwgZ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M †Kv‡bv Amyweavi m„wó bv nq| LuvPvi Dc‡ii XvKbv Ggbfv‡e euva‡Z n‡e †hb mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †Lvjv ev eÜ Kiv hvq|

LuvPv cvwb‡Z ¯’vcb

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji †jvbvcvwb b`xi Kg †mªvZm¤úbœ As‡k A_ev b`xi miæ P¨v‡b‡j GgbwK cyKz‡i/†N‡iI euv‡ki LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| LuvPvi Pvicv‡k k³ euvk/Kv‡Vi LuywU cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv K‡qKwU cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg LuvPvi Dcwifv‡M wewfbœ ’v‡b †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z LuvPv cvwbi Dc‡i 1.5-2.0 BwÂ †f‡m _v‡K| euv‡ki LyuwUi mv‡_ LuvPv Ggbfv‡e iwk w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e †hb †Rvqvi fvUvq LuvPv Dc‡i ev wb‡P IVvbvgv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi DbœZ Kjv‡KŠkj : euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi, LuvPv ¯’vcb, LuvPvq KuvKov

gRy` I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM, gRy`-cieZ©x LuvPvq KuvKovi cwiPh©v, KuvKov AvniY I Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs †Kb Ki‡eb :

• cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô GKwU K‡i KuvKov gRy` Kivq GKwU Ab¨wU‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; • cÖ‡Z¨KwU KuvKov‡K mgvbfv‡e Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e nq| d‡j Lvev‡ii AcPq †iva nq Ges gRy K…Z KuvKovi g‡a¨ Lvevi wb‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv nq bv; • †Rvqvi-fvUv êwkó¨c~Y© ¯’v‡b LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv nq weavq cvwb `~l‡Yi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv; • LuvPvq gRy`K…Z †h‡Kv‡bv KuvKovi †Mvbv‡Wi cwic°Zv Zvr¶wYKfv‡e cix¶v Kiv hvq; • euvPvi nvi I g„Zz¨nvi mwVKfv‡e wbiƒcY Kiv hvq; • f~wgnxb ev `wi`ª K…lK b`x‡Z LuvPv ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z cv‡i; • m‡e©vcwi P~ovšÍ Avni‡Yi mgq Rjvkq ïKv‡bvRwbZ e¨‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv; • LuvPvq Lvevi †`qv, AvniY I cwiPh©v mn‡RB m¤¢e; • Pvlx‡K Rwgi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb nq bv; • Db¥ y³ Rjvk‡q LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv nq weavq cvwb `~lY nq bv|

LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs c×wZ

LuvPv ˆZwi

cwic° k³ euvk Avav BwÂ †_‡K †cŠ‡b GK BwÂ †gvUv dvwj K‡i wPKb myZv w`‡q evbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici evbv¸‡jv‡K cvkvcvwk mshy³ K‡i †QvU †QvU cÖ‡Kvôwewkó eo AvKv‡ii LuvPv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb 10" × 10" × 12" (ˆ`N©¨ × cÖ¯’ × D”PZv) n‡e| M‡elYv djvd‡j †`Lv hvq, A_©vr LuvPvi cÖwZ cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb 10" × 10" × 12" n‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv dj cvIqv m¤¢e | cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb wbw`©ó †i‡L LuvPvi †gvU AvqZb evov‡bv ev Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z GKvwaK LuvPv GKB mv‡_ eënvi Kiv hvq| Dcwifv‡M k³/gReyZ XvKbv w`‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i Ges wbqwgZ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M †Kv‡bv Amyweavi m„wó bv nq| LuvPvi Dc‡ii XvKbv Ggbfv‡e euva‡Z n‡e †hb mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †Lvjv ev eÜ Kiv hvq|


evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji †jvbvcvwb b`xi Kg †mªvZm¤úbœ As‡k A_ev b`xi miæ P¨v‡b‡j GgbwK cyKz‡i/†N‡iI euv‡ki LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| LuvPvi Pvicv‡k k³ euvk/Kv‡Vi LuywU cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv K‡qKwU cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg LuvPvi Dcwifv‡M wewfbœ ’v‡b †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z LuvPv cvwbi Dc‡i 1.5-2.0 BwÂ †f‡m _v‡K| euv‡ki LyuwUi mv‡_ LuvPv Ggbfv‡e iwk w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e †hb †Rvqvi fvUvq LuvPv Dc‡i ev wb‡P IVvbvgv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

evu‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi ˆZwi Kiv evu‡ki LuvPv

b`xi miæ P¨v‡bj ¯’vcbK…Z LuvPv †N‡i ¯’vcbK…Z LuvPv

42

LuvPvq KuvKov gRy`

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) Acwic°, my¯’ I mej, mKj cvmn ¯¿x KuvKov (180 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ©) LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GB IR‡bi KuvKov m‡e©v”P †MÖWfy³ nIqvq AwaK g~‡j¨ wewµ n‡q _v‡K Ges we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨| Z‡e gRy`‡hvM¨ KuvKovi cÖvPzh©Zv Kg n‡j 175 MÖvg IR‡bi ¯¿x KuvKovI gRy` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY †MvbvW cwicyó nIqvi ci D³ KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg n‡q hv‡e| el©vKv‡j cvwbi jeYv³Zv Kg _v‡K Ges kxZKv‡j ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvIqvq gRy`K…Z KuvKovi g„Zy¨nvi †e‡o hvq weavq G mg‡q KuvKov gRy` bv KivB fv‡jv |


KuvKov mvaviYZ gvsmvkx Lvevi †hgb kvgyK, wSbyK, wPswo, KzuwPqv I gvQ †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ KuvKovi Lvevi †QvU †QvU UzKiv K‡i KuvKovi kix‡ii IR‡bi 8% nv‡i ˆ`wbK mKvj I weKv‡j LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi KuvKovi †Mvbv‡Wi cwicyóZvB gyL¨ welq ZvB h_vmg‡q wbqwgZ ch©vß cwigvY Lv`¨ mieivn Aek¨B wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

cwiPh©v

K‡qK w`b cici LuvPv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LuvPvi duvK¸‡jv eÜ n‡q wM‡q cvwbi cÖev‡n e¨vNvZ NUv‡Z bv cv‡i| KuvKov gRy‡ì 8-9 w`b ci †_‡KB KuvKovi †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) cwicyó n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv cÖwZw`b cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov‡K Av‡jvi wecix‡Z ai‡j hw` KuvKovi `yB cv‡ki cv‡qi †Mvovi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jv AwZµg Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡q‡Q| cixw¶Z †Kvb KuvKovi †MvbvW Acwic° _vK‡j Zv‡K cybivq wbw`©ó cÖ‡Kv‡ô †i‡L c~‡e©i wbq‡g Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| AÜKvi ¯’v‡b UP©jvB‡Ui Av‡jv w`‡qI †Mvbv‡Wi cwic°Zv cix¶v Kiv m¤¢e|

LuvPvq KuvKov gRy`

KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) Acwic°, my¯’ I mej, mKj cvmn ¯¿x KuvKov (180 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ©) LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GB IR‡bi KuvKov m‡e©v”P †MÖWfy³ nIqvq AwaK g~‡j¨ wewµ n‡q _v‡K Ges we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨| Z‡e gRy`‡hvM¨ KuvKovi cÖvPzh©Zv Kg n‡j 175 MÖvg IR‡bi ¯¿x KuvKovI gRy` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY †MvbvW cwicyó nIqvi ci D³ KuvKovi IRb 180 MÖvg n‡q hv‡e| el©vKv‡j cvwbi jeYv³Zv Kg _v‡K Ges kxZKv‡j ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvIqvq gRy`K…Z KuvKovi g„Zy¨nvi †e‡o hvq weavq G mg‡q KuvKov gRy` bv KivB fv‡jv |


KuvKov mvaviYZ gvsmvkx Lvevi †hgb kvgyK, wSbyK, wPswo, KzuwPqv I gvQ †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ KuvKovi Lvevi †QvU †QvU UzKiv K‡i KuvKovi kix‡ii IR‡bi 8% nv‡i ˆ`wbK mKvj I weKv‡j LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi KuvKovi †Mvbv‡Wi cwicyóZvB gyL¨ welq ZvB h_vmg‡q wbqwgZ ch©vß cwigvY Lv`¨ mieivn Aek¨B wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

cwiPh©v

K‡qK w`b cici LuvPv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LuvPvi duvK¸‡jv eÜ n‡q wM‡q cvwbi cÖev‡n e¨vNvZ NUv‡Z bv cv‡i| KuvKov gRy‡ì 8-9 w`b ci †_‡KB KuvKovi †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) cwicyó n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv cÖwZw`b cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKov‡K Av‡jvi wecix‡Z ai‡j hw` KuvKovi `yB cv‡ki cv‡qi †Mvovi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jv AwZµg Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡q‡Q| cixw¶Z †Kvb KuvKovi †MvbvW Acwic° _vK‡j Zv‡K cybivq wbw`©ó cÖ‡Kv‡ô †i‡L c~‡e©i wbq‡g Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| AÜKvi ¯’v‡b UP©jvB‡Ui Av‡jv w`‡qI †Mvbv‡Wi cwic°Zv cix¶v Kiv m¤¢e|

KuvKovi LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

LuvPvq KuvKov gRy` gRy`K…Z KuvKov

43

KuvKov AvniY

djvd‡j †`Lv hvq, 10-12 w`‡bi g‡a¨B mKj gRy K…Z KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó nq hv cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi mg‡qi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| G mgq ¯‹zc‡bU w`‡q A_ev Rjvkq n‡Z LuvPv Zz‡j G‡b KuvKov ai‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡kl wbq‡g cøvw÷‡Ki wdZv/bvBjb iwk w`‡q †eu‡a †dj‡Z n‡e| Lye mveavbZvi mv‡_ euvavi KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| G mgq KuvKovi wPgUv cvmn Ab¨vb¨ cv †f‡½ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| cvmg~n †f‡½ †M‡j evRv‡i KuvKovi cÖK…Z g~j¨ cvIqv hvq bv|

Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

GKwU GK eM©wgUvi AvqZ‡bi 16 cÖ‡Kvôwewkó (cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kvô 10" ×10" ×12") euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji we‡kl K‡i e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi wKQy wKQy GjvKvq cÖvK…wZKfv‡e 6 gvm †h jeYv³Zv cvIqv hvq D³ mg‡q ch©vqµ‡g Kgc‡¶ cÖwZ gv‡m 2wU e¨vP wnmv‡e 12wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e|

wb‡¤œ 1 eM©wgUvi AvqZ‡bi 16 cÖ‡Kvôwewkó (cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kvô 10" × 10" × 12") euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi

†gvU 12wU e¨v‡Pi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †`qv n‡jv :

KuvKov AvniY

djvd‡j †`Lv hvq, 10-12 w`‡bi g‡a¨B mKj gRy K…Z KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó nq hv cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi mg‡qi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| G mgq ¯‹zc‡bU w`‡q A_ev Rjvkq n‡Z LuvPv Zz‡j G‡b KuvKov ai‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡kl wbq‡g cøvw÷‡Ki wdZv/bvBjb iwk w`‡q †eu‡a †dj‡Z n‡e| Lye mveavbZvi mv‡_ euvavi KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| G mgq KuvKovi wPgUv cvmn Ab¨vb¨ cv †f‡½ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| cvmg~n †f‡½ †M‡j evRv‡i KuvKovi cÖK…Z g~j¨ cvIqv hvq bv|

Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

GKwU GK eM©wgUvi AvqZ‡bi 16 cÖ‡Kvôwewkó (cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kvô 10" ×10" ×12") euv‡ki LuvPv ˆZwi K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji we‡kl K‡i e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi wKQy wKQy GjvKvq cÖvK…wZKfv‡e 6 gvm †h jeYv³Zv cvIqv hvq D³ mg‡q ch©vqµ‡g Kgc‡¶ cÖwZ gv‡m 2wU e¨vP wnmv‡e 12wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e|

wb‡¤œ 1 eM©wgUvi AvqZ‡bi 16 cÖ‡Kvôwewkó (cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kvô 10" × 10" × 12") euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi

†gvU 12wU e¨v‡Pi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †`qv n‡jv :

Rjvkq n‡Z LuvPv D‡Ëvjb Rjvkq n‡Z KuvKov AvniY

K) wbw ©ó e¨q :

ªe¨vw` ì (UvKv) cwigvY Avqy®‹vj †gvU LiP 1) evu‡ki LuvPv (1 e©M wg.) 900.00 1wU 3 ermi 900.00 2) cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg 100.00 2wU 3 ermi 2,00.00 †gvU cÖK…Z LiP-1,100.00

L) Awbw ©ó e¨q :

ªe¨vw` ì (UvKv) cwigvY †gvU (UvKv) 1) Acwic° ¿x KuvKov (IRb 180-200 MÖvg)

120.00/†KwR 3.200 †KwR (16wU) 384.00

2) Lv`¨: (8%) nv‡i †Zjvwcqv gvQ/Uªvk wdk

30.00/†KwR 3.0 †KwR 90.00

†gvU=474.00 me©‡gvU e¨q (K+L) = 1,574.00

Avq :

KuvKovi Mo IRb (MÖvg)

†gvU KuvKovi msL¨v

KuvKov †eu‡P _vKvi nvi

†gvU KuvKovi IRb (†KwR)

ì (UvKv/†KwR)

g~j¨ (UvKv)

230 15wU 93.75% 3.40 400.00 1,360.00

44

GKwU GK eM©wgUvi AvqZ‡bi 16 cÖ‡Kvôwewkó euv‡ki LuvPv 6 gv‡m Kgc‡¶ cÖwZ gv‡m 2wU e¨vP wnmv‡e 12wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e Ges 6,500.00 UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i 9,500.00 UvKv cªK…Z gybvdv cvIqv m¤¢e|

eënvi m¤¢vebv

• euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv AR©‡b m¶g n‡e| • DcK‚jxq GjvKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª RbMY Zv‡ì RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡qi mÜvb cv‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ †`‡ki ißvwb AvqI e„w× cv‡e|

mveavbZv

• LuvPv ˆZwii mgq euv‡ki dvwji duvK GZ Kg ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB KuvKovi cv duvK w`‡q Xz‡K †f‡½ bv hvq|• †ewk †mªvZm¤úbœ ¯’v‡b LuvPv ¯’vcb Ki‡j †mªv‡Zi †e‡M KuvKovi cv †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i; GgbwK LuvPvi AvK…wZI cwieZ©b n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, ZvB Kg †mªvZm¤úbœ ¯’v‡b LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv fv‡jv|

A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖfve

• KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU jvfRbK Kvh©µg| cwicyó †MvbvWwewkó ¯¿x KuvKov D”P evRvig~j¨ I ewnwe©‡k¦ †ewk Pvwn`v, g„Zz¨nvi Kg Ges ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv cvIqv hvq weavq evsjv‡`‡ki †jvbvcvwb AÂ‡j KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs †ek RbwcÖq| KuvKov‡K d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi gva¨‡g evRviRvZ Dc‡hvMx K‡i GB Drm †_‡K we‡`kx gy`ªv AR©‡bi cwigvY e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|• evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvskB KuvKov AvniY, d¨v‡Uwbs I wecY‡bi m‡½ RwoZ| euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g G cÖhyw³‡K AviI mg„× Ki‡e| d‡j DcK‚jxq GjvKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª RbMY Zv‡ì RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡qi mÜvb cv‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ †`‡ki ißvwb AvqI e„w× cv‡e|

GKwU GK eM©wgUvi AvqZ‡bi 16 cÖ‡Kvôwewkó euv‡ki LuvPv 6 gv‡m Kgc‡¶ cÖwZ gv‡m 2wU e¨vP wnmv‡e 12wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e Ges 6,500.00 UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i 9,500.00 UvKv cªK…Z gybvdv cvIqv m¤¢e|

eënvi m¤¢vebv

• euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv AR©‡b m¶g n‡e| • DcK‚jxq GjvKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª RbMY Zv‡ì RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡qi mÜvb cv‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ †`‡ki ißvwb AvqI e„w× cv‡e|

mveavbZv

• LuvPv ˆZwii mgq euv‡ki dvwji duvK GZ Kg ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB KuvKovi cv duvK w`‡q Xz‡K †f‡½ bv hvq|• †ewk †mªvZm¤úbœ ¯’v‡b LuvPv ¯’vcb Ki‡j †mªv‡Zi †e‡M KuvKovi cv †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i; GgbwK LuvPvi AvK…wZI cwieZ©b n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, ZvB Kg †mªvZm¤úbœ ¯’v‡b LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv fv‡jv|

A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖfve

• KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU jvfRbK Kvh©µg| cwicyó †MvbvWwewkó ¯¿x KuvKov D”P evRvig~j¨ I ewnwe©‡k¦ †ewk Pvwn`v, g„Zz¨nvi Kg Ges ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv cvIqv hvq weavq evsjv‡`‡ki †jvbvcvwb AÂ‡j KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs †ek RbwcÖq| KuvKov‡K d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi gva¨‡g evRviRvZ Dc‡hvMx K‡i GB Drm †_‡K we‡`kx gy`ªv AR©‡bi cwigvY e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|• evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvskB KuvKov AvniY, d¨v‡Uwbs I wecY‡bi m‡½ RwoZ| euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g G cÖhyw³‡K AviI mg„× Ki‡e| d‡j DcK‚jxq GjvKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª RbMY Zv‡ì RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡qi mÜvb cv‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ †`‡ki ißvwb AvqI e„w× cv‡e|

cÖK…Z gybvdv :

1g gvm 1g e¨vP (1) Avq, 1,360.00 e¨q 1,574.00=- 214.00

2q e¨vP (2) 1,360.00 e¨q 474.00=886.00

2q gvm 3q e¨vP (3) Avq, 1,360.00 e¨q 474.00=886.00

4_© e¨vP (4) Avq, 1,360.00 e¨q 474.00=886.00

3q gvm Avq 1,360.00×2 = 2,720.00 evq 474.00 ×2 = 948.00= 1,772.00

4_© gvm Avq 1,360.00×2 = 2,720.00 evq 474.00 ×2 = 948.00= 1,772.00

5g gvm Avq 1,360.00×2 = 2,720.00 evq 474.00 ×2 = 948.00= 1,772.00

6ô gvm Avq 1,360.00×2 = 2,720.00 evq 474.00 ×2 = 948.00= 1,772.00

me©‡gvU cÖK…Z gybvdv (1+2+3+4)= 9,532.00

45

†N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj, KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I

cwienb cÖwµqv|

evsjv‡`‡k †N‡i/cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cvkvcvwk LuvPv‡ZI KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kiv m¤¢e| †N‡i Ges euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj y‡Uvi hyMcr mgšq NwU‡q evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, †jvbvcvwb †K› ª, cvBKMvQv, Lyjbvi ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ M‡elYv djvd‡j †`Lv hvq, †N‡i †h Ask euv‡ki evbv w`‡q wN‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq, †m GKB As‡k euv‡ki LuvPv fvmgvb Ae ’vq ’vcb K‡i Kg RvqMvq †ewk KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| G cÖhyw³i g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cÖvK…wZK Drm n‡Z AvnwiZ Acwic° I Kg g~‡jï KuvKov †N‡i euv‡ki evbvq I LuvPvq hyMcr (concurren:) d¨v‡Uwbs m¤cÖmvi‡Yi AvIZvq G‡b G cÖhyw³ eënv‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg‡K AwaK jvfRbK Lv‡Z cwiYZ Kiv Ges DcK‚jxq `wi ª Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœqb Kiv|êwkó¨

• evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂ‡j †N‡i AwZ mnR eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g Aí ¯’v‡b AwaK cwigvY KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs K‡i ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e, hv wKbv f~wgi m‡e©vËg eënvi wbwð‡Z mnvqK n‡e| • euv‡ki LuvPvq gRy`K…Z KuvKov †N‡i Lvwj As‡k gRy`K…Z KuvKov‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Lvevi wb‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv nq bv|• KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ Av‡qi Zzjbvq Drcv`b e¨q A‡bK Kg|• G ai‡bi KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b QvovI `vwi`ª¨ †gvP‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z m¶g|

cÖhyw³i eY©bv

†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ

• KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ †`v-Auvk ev cwjhy³ †`v-Auvk gvwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †N‡ii AvqZb 136-47 kZK (0.5-0.1 †n±i) I MfxiZv 3-5 dzU (1.0-1.5 wgUv‡ii) g‡a¨ n‡j fv‡jv nq| †Rvqvi fvUvi mgq cvwb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Ggb ¯’v‡b †Ni nIqv evÃbxq| †N‡ii cvwb D‡Ëvjb I wbM©g‡bi Rb¨ c„_K †MU _vK‡j fv‡jv nq| cvwbi jeYv³Zvi gvÎv 5-25 wcwcwU, ZvcgvÎv 22-30 wWwMÖ †m., `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb 4-8 wcwcGg Ges wc.GBP 7.5-8.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j fv‡jv dj Avkv Kiv hvq|• †Ni ïKv‡bvi ci cvo fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKovi cjvqb ¯^fve †iva Ki‡Z 4.5 dzU (1.5 wgUvi) D”PZvi euv‡ki evbv (†eov) w`‡q †N‡ii PZzw`©‡K wN‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| evbv cÖvq 1.5 dzU (0.5 wgUvi) gvwUi wb‡P Ggbfv‡e cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z KuvKov †N‡ii cvo MZ© K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| • †N‡i cÖwZ kZ‡K 1 †KwR cv_y‡i Pzb cyKz‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| • Pzb wQUv‡bvi 7 w`b ci cyKz‡i †Rvqv‡ii cvwb Zzj‡Z n‡e| cvwb XzKv‡bvi ci kZKcÖwZ 3 †KwR †Mvei cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvei cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci kZKcÖwZ 80 MÖvg BDwiqv Ges 100 MÖvg wUGmwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| A‰Re mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`b ci cvwbi is meyRvf n‡j cyKz‡i KuvKov gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e|

LuvPv ˆZwi

• cwic° k³ euvk Avav BwÂ †_‡K †cŠ‡b GK BwÂ †gvUv dvwj K‡i wPKb myZv w`‡q evbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici evbv¸‡jv‡K cvkvcvwk mshy³ K‡i †QvU †QvU cÖ‡Kvôwewkó eo AvKv‡ii LuvPv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb 10" × 10" × 12" (ˆ`N©¨ × cÖ¯’ × D”PZv) n‡e| cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb wbw`©ó †i‡L LuvPvi †gvU AvqZb evov‡bv ev Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z GKvwaK LuvPv GKB mv‡_ eënvi Kiv hvq| Dcwifv‡M k³/gReyZ XvKbv w`‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i Ges wbqwgZ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M †Kv‡bv Amyweavi m„wó bv nq| LuvPvi Dc‡ii XvKbv Ggbfv‡e euva‡Z n‡e †hb mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †Lvjv ev eÜ Kiv hvq|


• †N‡ii evbv w`‡q †Niv As‡ki m‡e©v”P A‡a©K AskRy‡o K‡qKwU euv‡ki LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| • LuvPvi Pvicv‡k k³ euvk/Kv‡Vi LyuwU cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv K‡qKwU cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg LuvPvi Dcwifv‡M wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LuvPv cvwbi Dc‡i AšÍZ 1.5- 2.0 BwÂ †f‡m _v‡K| • euv‡ki LyuwUi mv‡_ LuvPv Ggbfv‡e iwk w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e †hb †Rvqvi fvUvq LuvPv Dc‡i ev wb‡P IVvbvgv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Avkcv‡k miv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†N‡i I LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj, KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I

cwienb cÖwµqv|

evsjv‡`‡k †N‡i/cyKz‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi cvkvcvwk LuvPv‡ZI KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kiv m¤¢e| †N‡i Ges euv‡ki LuvPvq KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj y‡Uvi hyMcr mgšq NwU‡q evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, †jvbvcvwb †K› ª, cvBKMvQv, Lyjbvi ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ M‡elYv djvd‡j †`Lv hvq, †N‡i †h Ask euv‡ki evbv w`‡q wN‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq, †m GKB As‡k euv‡ki LuvPv fvmgvb Ae ’vq ’vcb K‡i Kg RvqMvq †ewk KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| G cÖhyw³i g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cÖvK…wZK Drm n‡Z AvnwiZ Acwic° I Kg g~‡jï KuvKov †N‡i euv‡ki evbvq I LuvPvq hyMcr (concurren:) d¨v‡Uwbs m¤cÖmvi‡Yi AvIZvq G‡b G cÖhyw³ eënv‡i KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg‡K AwaK jvfRbK Lv‡Z cwiYZ Kiv Ges DcK‚jxq `wi ª Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœqb Kiv|êwkó¨

• evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂ‡j †N‡i AwZ mnR eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g Aí ¯’v‡b AwaK cwigvY KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs K‡i ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e, hv wKbv f~wgi m‡e©vËg eënvi wbwð‡Z mnvqK n‡e| • euv‡ki LuvPvq gRy`K…Z KuvKov †N‡i Lvwj As‡k gRy`K…Z KuvKov‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Lvevi wb‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv nq bv|• KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ Av‡qi Zzjbvq Drcv`b e¨q A‡bK Kg|• G ai‡bi KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kjv‡KŠkj ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b QvovI `vwi`ª¨ †gvP‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z m¶g|

cÖhyw³i eY©bv

†Ni wbe©vPb I cÖ¯‘wZ

• KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Rb¨ †`v-Auvk ev cwjhy³ †`v-Auvk gvwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †N‡ii AvqZb 136-47 kZK (0.5-0.1 †n±i) I MfxiZv 3-5 dzU (1.0-1.5 wgUv‡ii) g‡a¨ n‡j fv‡jv nq| †Rvqvi fvUvi mgq cvwb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Ggb ¯’v‡b †Ni nIqv evÃbxq| †N‡ii cvwb D‡Ëvjb I wbM©g‡bi Rb¨ c„_K †MU _vK‡j fv‡jv nq| cvwbi jeYv³Zvi gvÎv 5-25 wcwcwU, ZvcgvÎv 22-30 wWwMÖ †m., `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb 4-8 wcwcGg Ges wc.GBP 7.5-8.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j fv‡jv dj Avkv Kiv hvq|• †Ni ïKv‡bvi ci cvo fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e| KuvKovi cjvqb ¯^fve †iva Ki‡Z 4.5 dzU (1.5 wgUvi) D”PZvi euv‡ki evbv (†eov) w`‡q †N‡ii PZzw`©‡K wN‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| evbv cÖvq 1.5 dzU (0.5 wgUvi) gvwUi wb‡P Ggbfv‡e cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z KuvKov †N‡ii cvo MZ© K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i| • †N‡i cÖwZ kZ‡K 1 †KwR cv_y‡i Pzb cyKz‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| • Pzb wQUv‡bvi 7 w`b ci cyKz‡i †Rvqv‡ii cvwb Zzj‡Z n‡e| cvwb XzKv‡bvi ci kZKcÖwZ 3 †KwR †Mvei cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvei cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci kZKcÖwZ 80 MÖvg BDwiqv Ges 100 MÖvg wUGmwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| A‰Re mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`b ci cvwbi is meyRvf n‡j cyKz‡i KuvKov gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e|

LuvPv ˆZwi

• cwic° k³ euvk Avav BwÂ †_‡K †cŠ‡b GK BwÂ †gvUv dvwj K‡i wPKb myZv w`‡q evbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici evbv¸‡jv‡K cvkvcvwk mshy³ K‡i †QvU †QvU cÖ‡Kvôwewkó eo AvKv‡ii LuvPv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb 10" × 10" × 12" (ˆ`N©¨ × cÖ¯’ × D”PZv) n‡e| cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ôi AvqZb wbw`©ó †i‡L LuvPvi †gvU AvqZb evov‡bv ev Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z GKvwaK LuvPv GKB mv‡_ eënvi Kiv hvq| Dcwifv‡M k³/gReyZ XvKbv w`‡Z n‡e †hb KuvKov cvwj‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i Ges wbqwgZ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M †Kv‡bv Amyweavi m„wó bv nq| LuvPvi Dc‡ii XvKbv Ggbfv‡e euva‡Z n‡e †hb mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †Lvjv ev eÜ Kiv hvq|


• †N‡ii evbv w`‡q †Niv As‡ki m‡e©v”P A‡a©K AskRy‡o K‡qKwU euv‡ki LuvPv ¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| • LuvPvi Pvicv‡k k³ euvk/Kv‡Vi LyuwU cyu‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv K‡qKwU cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg LuvPvi Dcwifv‡M wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LuvPv cvwbi Dc‡i AšÍZ 1.5- 2.0 BwÂ †f‡m _v‡K| • euv‡ki LyuwUi mv‡_ LuvPv Ggbfv‡e iwk w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e †hb †Rvqvi fvUvq LuvPv Dc‡i ev wb‡P IVvbvgv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Avkcv‡k miv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|

46

KuvKov gRy`

• †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) Acwic° my¯’-mej I mKj cvmn ¯¿x KuvKov (175 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ©) †N‡i kZK cÖwZ 80wU Ges LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô 1wU K‡i gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| • AwaK el©vq cvwbi jeYv³Zv Kg _v‡K Ges AwaK kx‡Z ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvIqvq gRy`K…Z KuvKovi g„Zz¨nvi †e‡o hvq weavq G mg‡q KuvKov gRy` bv KivB fv‡jv|

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

• Lvevi wn‡m‡e †Zjvwcqv gvQ, Miæ QvM‡ji bvwofzuwo, wPswo, KzuwPqv BZ¨vw` †QvU †QvU UzKiv K‡i KuvKovi kix‡ii IR‡bi 8-5% nv‡i ˆ`wbK mKvj I we‡Kj †N‡i duvKv As‡k Ges LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

cvwb eë¯’vcbv I cwiPh©v

• †N‡i KuvKov Lvevi wn‡m‡e cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cÖvwYR gvsmvj Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z nq hv `ªæZ cPbkxj| ZvB KuvKovi †N‡ii cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi Avk¼v †ewk _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv n‡jI cvwb bó n‡Z cv‡i| †m Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a Agvem¨v ev c~wY©gvi fiv †Rvqv‡ii mgq 4-7 w`b 30-40% nv‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| • K‡qKw`b ci ci LuvPv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LuvPvi duvK¸‡jv eÜ n‡q wM‡q cvwbi cÖev‡n e¨vNvZ NUv‡Z bv cv‡i| • KuvKov gRy‡ì 8-10 w`b ci †_‡KB KuvKovi †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) cwicyó n‡q‡Q wKbv, Zv cÖwZw`b cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| cixw¶Z †Kv‡bv KuvKovi †MvbvW Acwic° _vK‡j Zv‡K cybivq LuvPvi wbw`©ó cÖ‡Kv‡ô A_ev †N‡i †i‡L c~‡e©i wbq‡g Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ †MvbvW cwicyó n‡j †N‡i cvwb IVv‡bvi mgq KuvKov †M‡Ui Kv‡Q P‡j Av‡m|

KuvKov AvniY, †MÖwWs c×wZ I evRviRvZKiY

• mvaviYZ: 10-12 w`‡bi g‡a¨ LuvPvi I 14-16 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †N‡ii Lvwj As‡ki KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡e| Gmgq †Ni n‡Z †Uvc w`‡q cÖjyä K‡i Ges LuvPv n‡Z mivmwi ¯‹zc‡bU w`‡q KuvKov ai‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lye mveav‡b we‡kl wbq‡g cøvw÷‡Ki wdZv/bvBjb iwk w`‡q †eu‡a †dj‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq, KuvKovi wPgUv cv †f‡½ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K Ges †m †¶‡Î KuvKovi cÖK…Z g~j¨ cvIqv hv‡e bv|• a„Z KuvKov‡K wW‡cv‡Z †MÖwWs Abyhvqx weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K †MÖW Abyhvqx (Gd-1 †MÖW, mKj cvmn 180 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ©; Gd-2 †MÖW, cvkvcvwk `ywU cv fv½vmn 150-179 MÖvg; Ges Gd-3 †MÖW, `ywU ev Z‡ZvwaK cv fv½vmn 100-149 MÖvg) wW‡cv‡Z weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨, Gd-1 †MÖ‡Wi KuvKovB we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨|• euv‡ki/cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ LuvPvq 90-100 †KwR) KuvKov cwienb Kiv nq|

Avq-e¨q

evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Qq gvm (†deªæqvwi-RyjvB) †h jeYv³Zv cvIqv hvq D³ mg‡q ch©vqµ‡g Kgc‡¶ cÖwZ gv‡m 2wU e¨vP wnmv‡e 12wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| wb‡¤œ GK kZK AvqZ‡bi †N‡i euv‡ki LuvPvmn hyMcr KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †`qv n‡jv :

Avq

KuvKov gRy`

• †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) Acwic° my¯’-mej I mKj cvmn ¯¿x KuvKov (175 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ©) †N‡i kZK cÖwZ 80wU Ges LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô 1wU K‡i gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| • AwaK el©vq cvwbi jeYv³Zv Kg _v‡K Ges AwaK kx‡Z ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvIqvq gRy`K…Z KuvKovi g„Zz¨nvi †e‡o hvq weavq G mg‡q KuvKov gRy` bv KivB fv‡jv|

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

• Lvevi wn‡m‡e †Zjvwcqv gvQ, Miæ QvM‡ji bvwofzuwo, wPswo, KzuwPqv BZ¨vw` †QvU †QvU UzKiv K‡i KuvKovi kix‡ii IR‡bi 8-5% nv‡i ˆ`wbK mKvj I we‡Kj †N‡i duvKv As‡k Ges LuvPvi cÖwZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

cvwb eë¯’vcbv I cwiPh©v

• †N‡i KuvKov Lvevi wn‡m‡e cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cÖvwYR gvsmvj Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z nq hv `ªæZ cPbkxj| ZvB KuvKovi †N‡ii cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi Avk¼v †ewk _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv n‡jI cvwb bó n‡Z cv‡i| †m Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a Agvem¨v ev c~wY©gvi fiv †Rvqv‡ii mgq 4-7 w`b 30-40% nv‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| • K‡qKw`b ci ci LuvPv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LuvPvi duvK¸‡jv eÜ n‡q wM‡q cvwbi cÖev‡n e¨vNvZ NUv‡Z bv cv‡i| • KuvKov gRy‡ì 8-10 w`b ci †_‡KB KuvKovi †MvbvW (wW¤^vkq) cwicyó n‡q‡Q wKbv, Zv cÖwZw`b cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| cixw¶Z †Kv‡bv KuvKovi †MvbvW Acwic° _vK‡j Zv‡K cybivq LuvPvi wbw`©ó cÖ‡Kv‡ô A_ev †N‡i †i‡L c~‡e©i wbq‡g Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ †MvbvW cwicyó n‡j †N‡i cvwb IVv‡bvi mgq KuvKov †M‡Ui Kv‡Q P‡j Av‡m|

KuvKov AvniY, †MÖwWs c×wZ I evRviRvZKiY

• mvaviYZ: 10-12 w`‡bi g‡a¨ LuvPvi I 14-16 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †N‡ii Lvwj As‡ki KuvKovi †MvbvW cwicyó n‡e| Gmgq †Ni n‡Z †Uvc w`‡q cÖjyä K‡i Ges LuvPv n‡Z mivmwi ¯‹zc‡bU w`‡q KuvKov ai‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lye mveav‡b we‡kl wbq‡g cøvw÷‡Ki wdZv/bvBjb iwk w`‡q †eu‡a †dj‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq, KuvKovi wPgUv cv †f‡½ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K Ges †m †¶‡Î KuvKovi cÖK…Z g~j¨ cvIqv hv‡e bv|• a„Z KuvKov‡K wW‡cv‡Z †MÖwWs Abyhvqx weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| AvnwiZ KuvKov‡K †MÖW Abyhvqx (Gd-1 †MÖW, mKj cvmn 180 MÖvg ev Z`~aŸ©; Gd-2 †MÖW, cvkvcvwk `ywU cv fv½vmn 150-179 MÖvg; Ges Gd-3 †MÖW, `ywU ev Z‡ZvwaK cv fv½vmn 100-149 MÖvg) wW‡cv‡Z weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨, Gd-1 †MÖ‡Wi KuvKovB we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨|• euv‡ki/cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ LuvPvq 90-100 †KwR) KuvKov cwienb Kiv nq|

Avq-e¨q

evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Qq gvm (†deªæqvwi-RyjvB) †h jeYv³Zv cvIqv hvq D³ mg‡q ch©vqµ‡g Kgc‡¶ cÖwZ gv‡m 2wU e¨vP wnmv‡e 12wU e¨v‡P KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| wb‡¤œ GK kZK AvqZ‡bi †N‡i euv‡ki LuvPvmn hyMcr KuvKovi d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †`qv n‡jv :

Avq

K) Avq (cÖwZ e¨vP):

AvnwiZ

KuvKov cÖwZ Mo

IRb (MÖvg)

AvnwiZ

†gvU KuvKov

msL¨v

†eu‡P

_vKvi

nvi

†gvU KuvKovi IRb

(†KwR)

ì (UvKv/

†KwR)

g~j¨ (UvKv)

220 272wU 85% 59 †KwR 840 MÖvg 350/- 20,944/-

47

e¨q

eënvi m¤¢vebv

• †N‡i I euv‡ki LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv AR©‡b m¶g n‡e| • DcK‚jxq GjvKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª RbMY Zv‡ì RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡qi mÜvb cv‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ †`‡ki ißvwb AvqI e„w× cv‡e|

civgk©

• euv‡ki evbv I LuvPv ˆZwii mgq euv‡ki dvwji duvK Ggb ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB KuvKovi cv duvK w`‡q Xy‡K †f‡½ bv hvq|• wbqwgZ cwigvY Abyhvqx Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|• †MvbvW cwicyó nIqv gvÎ KuvKov AvniY K‡i evRviRvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwien‡bi ¸iæZ¡

gvVch©v‡q KuvKov AvniY, Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwien‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯xKvh©| P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb i¶v Kivi cÖ_g c`‡¶cB n‡jv Lvgvi †_‡KB Gi cwiPh©v,c¨v‡KwRs I cwien‡bi Ici mwe‡kl iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv| KuvKov RxešÍ Ae ’vq †fvM¨cY¨ weavq Avni‡Yi ci †_‡KB †fvM Kivi AvM ch©šÍ AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cwiPh©v, msi¶Y I cwien‡bi KvR m¤úbœ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Lvgvi ch©v‡q KuvKov AvniY cÖwµqv, Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v m¤ú‡K© AvniYKvixi A¯”Q aviYv, myôz cwienb eë ’vmn mswkøó wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ Kg©x‡ì Am‡PZbZv, A¯”Q aviYv I KvwiMwi Áv‡bi AfveB P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q KuvKovi g„Zz nvi e„w× I YMZ gvb web‡ói Rb¨ eûjvs‡k vqx| ZvB mwVKfv‡e cwiPh©v, v ’ m¤§Z Dcv‡q c¨vwKs I Kg mg‡q cwien‡bi gva¨‡g P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| GRb¨ KuvKov Pvlx AvniYKvix, †µZv-we‡µZv, mieivnKvix, G‡R›U, wW‡cvgvwjK, cwienbKvix mK‡ji mZZv, AvšÍwiKZv I hZœevb nIqv evÃbxq|

e¨q

eënvi m¤¢vebv

• †N‡i I euv‡ki LuvPvq hyMcr KuvKov d¨v‡Uwbs Kvh©µ‡gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx ¯^í mg‡q wewb‡qvMK…Z Aí g~jab †_‡K AwaK gybvdv AR©‡b m¶g n‡e| • DcK‚jxq GjvKvi f~wgnxb `wi`ª RbMY Zv‡ì RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡qi mÜvb cv‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ †`‡ki ißvwb AvqI e„w× cv‡e|

civgk©

• euv‡ki evbv I LuvPv ˆZwii mgq euv‡ki dvwji duvK Ggb ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB KuvKovi cv duvK w`‡q Xy‡K †f‡½ bv hvq|• wbqwgZ cwigvY Abyhvqx Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|• †MvbvW cwicyó nIqv gvÎ KuvKov AvniY K‡i evRviRvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwien‡bi ¸iæZ¡

gvVch©v‡q KuvKov AvniY, Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwien‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯xKvh©| P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb i¶v Kivi cÖ_g c`‡¶cB n‡jv Lvgvi †_‡KB Gi cwiPh©v,c¨v‡KwRs I cwien‡bi Ici mwe‡kl iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv| KuvKov RxešÍ Ae ’vq †fvM¨cY¨ weavq Avni‡Yi ci †_‡KB †fvM Kivi AvM ch©šÍ AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cwiPh©v, msi¶Y I cwien‡bi KvR m¤úbœ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Lvgvi ch©v‡q KuvKov AvniY cÖwµqv, Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v m¤ú‡K© AvniYKvixi A¯”Q aviYv, myôz cwienb eë ’vmn mswkøó wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ Kg©x‡ì Am‡PZbZv, A¯”Q aviYv I KvwiMwi Áv‡bi AfveB P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q KuvKovi g„Zz nvi e„w× I YMZ gvb web‡ói Rb¨ eûjvs‡k vqx| ZvB mwVKfv‡e cwiPh©v, v ’ m¤§Z Dcv‡q c¨vwKs I Kg mg‡q cwien‡bi gva¨‡g P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| GRb¨ KuvKov Pvlx AvniYKvix, †µZv-we‡µZv, mieivnKvix, G‡R›U, wW‡cvgvwjK, cwienbKvix mK‡ji mZZv, AvšÍwiKZv I hZœevb nIqv evÃbxq|

K) wbw`©ó e¨q : ì (UvKv) †gvU LiP

(UvKv)

1) euv‡ki evbv (1.5 wgUvi D”PZvm¤úbœ) - 26 wgUvi 100.00 2,600.00 2) euv‡ki LuvPv (1 eM©wg.)- 15 wU 100.00 15,000.00 3) cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg- 10wU 120.00 1,200.00 4) euvk (evbv I LuvPv ’vcb) - 10wU 150.00 1,500.00 †gvU= 20,300.00

L) Awbw`©ó e¨q : 1) †Ni wjR /eQi 60.00 60.00 2) Pzb - 8.00 48.00 3) A‰Re mvi (BDwiqv I wU.Gm. wc) 7.00 I

18.00 15.00

4) ˆRe mvi (†Mvei) 2.00 36.00 5) Acwic° ¿x KuvKov (Mo 200 MÖvg) (LuvPv + †Ni = 240+80 = 320wU)

150.00 9,600.00

6) Lv`¨: (M‡o 8% nv‡i †Zjvwcqv gvQ/Uªvk wdk) - 922 †KwR 40.00 36,880.00 7) kªwg‡Ki gRywi 500.00 8) Ab¨vb¨ e¨q 1,000.00 †gvU=48,139.00 me©‡gvU e¨q (K+L)=68,439 .00

L) wbU gybvdv: 1. Qq gv‡m evi e¨v‡P †gvU Avq = 20,944 × 12 = 2,51,328.00 2. Qq gv‡m evi e¨v‡P †gvU e¨q= 68,439+(9,600 × 11)= 1,74,039.00 wbU gybvdv= 2,51,328.00 - 1,74,039.00 = 77,289.00

48

Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v :

KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb bó nIqvi Rb¨ myôz I h_vh_ cwiP©hvi Afve eûjvs‡k `vqx| †Kbbv KuvKov AvniY, msi¶Y, cwienb I evRviRvZKi‡Yi cÖwZwU av‡c mwVK cwiP©hv bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb A¶zYœ ivLv hvq bv| A‡bK mgq KuvKov mKv‡j ev VvÛv AvenvIqvq bv a‡i w`‡bi †ejvq LiZv‡c aiv nq d‡j KuvKov ZvovZvwo `ye©j n‡q c‡o Ges KuvKovi g„Zz¨nvi †e‡o hvq| ZvB mKv‡j ev VvÛv AvenvIqvq KuvKov aivi eë¯’v Kiv Ges aivi mgq †hb †Kv‡bv AvNvZ bv cvq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLv DwPZ| RxešÍ KuvKov ms‡e`bkxj cÖvYx, ZvB AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Kg bvovPvov Kiv Ges hZœmnKv‡i Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v Kiv DwPZ| KuvKov aivi ci cwi®‹vi I kxZj †jvbvcvwb w`‡q †j‡M _vKv Kuv`vgvwU ay‡q cwi®‹vi Szwo‡Z Qvqvhy³ VvÛv ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Ges †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB †hb A¯^v¯’¨Ki †bvsiv cwi‡e‡k bv ivLv nq| KuvKov‡Z †h Kv`vgvwU †j‡M _v‡K †mLvb †_‡K wewfbœ cÖKvi AYyRxe KuvKov‡Z P‡j Av‡m| G Qvov `~wlZ cvwbi gva¨‡g RxevYy AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i| RxešÍ KuvKovi †`n‡K †÷ivBj aiv nq ZvB KuvKov bv giv ch©šÍ wewfbœ cPb ˆZwiKvix RxevYy KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB KuvKov Pvl ev d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi mgq Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Pv‡li cwi‡ek †Kv‡bvfv‡eB `~wlZ bv nq| GKB Szwo‡Z/cv‡Î GK mv‡_ AwaK msL¨K KuvKov bv ivLvB fv‡jv| G‡Z KuvKov gviv hvIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K| m~‡h©i cÖLi Av‡jv I AZ¨waK evZvm hv‡Z KuvKovi Dci Pvc I g„Zz¨nvi bv evovq, †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| Lvgvi n‡Z KuvKov aivi ci †`wi bv K‡i hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e wW‡cv‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv DwPZ| Lvgvi I wW‡cv ch©v‡q KL‡bvB KuvKovi eo wPgUvhy³ cv a‡i UvbvUvwb Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY †h‡Kv‡bv mgq G¸‡jv †`n †_‡K Ly‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Gi evRvig~j¨ K‡g hv‡e|

KuvKov wW‡cv/AvoZ ch©v‡q Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©vq KiYxq :

• wW‡cv¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb h_vm¤¢e AveR©bv I `yM©Ügy³ ¯’v‡b Kiv| • mn‡R hvb PjvPj Dc‡hvMx iv¯Ívi cv‡k wW‡cv wbg©vY Kiv hv‡Z mn‡RB KuvKov wW‡cv‡Z Avbv hvq| • cvKv †g‡S I †`qvj msewjZ KuvKov wW‡cv wbg©vY Kiv| • †cvKvgvKo I gkv-gvwQ cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ ìRv-Rvbvjvq Zvi Rvj Øviv †ewóZ ivLv| • Kg©x‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ m¤^‡Ü mRvM _vKv, cwi®‹vi †cvkvK I cwi”Qbœ nv‡Z KvR Kiv| • wW‡cv Kg©x‡ì Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv-cÖmªveLvbv Ges nvZ †avqvi mye‡›`ve¯Í ivLv| • wW‡cvi g‡a¨ a~gcvb bv Kiv Ges _y_y, Kvwk I nuvwP bv †djv| • RxešÍ KuvKov `ªæZ XvKvq / wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b †cÖiY Kiv|

KuvKov c¨v‡KwRs cÖwµqv t

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂjmg~‡n g¨vb‡MÖvf, b`x Ges Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi †Ni n‡Z Pvwl/ msMªnKvixiv KuvKov aivi ci euv‡ki Szwo‡Z A_ev P‡Ui e¨v‡M c¨vwKs K‡i ’vbxq evRv‡ii wW‡cv‡Z wb‡q Av‡m| wW‡cv‡Z Avbvi ci †MÖwWs Abyhvqx KuvKov euv‡ki/cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 90-100†KwR) f‡i gyL P‡Ui e Ív w`‡q †eu‡a †`qv nq Ges Gfv‡eB ivRavbx XvKvq †cÖiY Kiv nq| XvKvq ißvwbKviK‡ì Kv‡Q hvIqvi ci AvšÍR©vwZK Pvwn`v Abymv‡i cybivq K‡i KuvKov cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 16 †KwR) Ges euv‡ki Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 25 †KwR) c¨vwKs Kiv nq Ges GKUvi Dci Av‡iKUv Szwo w`‡q A‡bK¸‡jv Szwo mvRv‡bv nq| cÖ‡Z¨K Szwoi Zjvq cwjw_b wmU †`qv nq hv‡Z †Kv‡bv wj‡KR bv nq| KuvKov mvaviYZ †hw`b ißvwb n†e †mw`b A_ev Zvi GKw`b Av‡M XvKvq †cÖiY Kiv nq| cieZ©xKv‡j XvKv¯’ ißvwbKviK‡ì gva¨‡g AvKvkc‡_ wegv‡bi gva¨‡g AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i ißvwb n‡q _v‡K| AvKvk-c‡_ cwien‡bi †¶‡Î, KuvKov c¨vwKs‡qi c~‡e© †jvbvcvwb‡Z Pzwe‡q wb‡j Gi g„Zz¨nvi A‡bKUv Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î mvaviYZ 5-10% KuvKovi g„Zz¨nvi N‡U _v‡K| KuvKov‡K `xN© mgq a‡i RxweZ ivLvi Rb¨ wQ`ªhy³ cwj÷vB-wib e‡·i g‡a¨ 10 †KwR KuvKov f‡i c¨vwKs Kiv hvq| cwj÷vBwib e· Gi Zjvq eid †`qv nq Z‡e Zv‡ii Rvwj Øviv Zjvi eid I KuvKov‡K Avjv`v ivLv nq| wZbwU cwj÷vBwib e·‡K GKwU eo KvW©‡evW© KvU©zb (wQ`ªhy³) Gi †fZi cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q c¨vwKs Kiv nq| eo wkc‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ KuvKov‡K VvÛv RvqMvq (18-22 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW) ivL‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq|

Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v :

KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb bó nIqvi Rb¨ myôz I h_vh_ cwiP©hvi Afve eûjvs‡k `vqx| †Kbbv KuvKov AvniY, msi¶Y, cwienb I evRviRvZKi‡Yi cÖwZwU av‡c mwVK cwiP©hv bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb A¶zYœ ivLv hvq bv| A‡bK mgq KuvKov mKv‡j ev VvÛv AvenvIqvq bv a‡i w`‡bi †ejvq LiZv‡c aiv nq d‡j KuvKov ZvovZvwo `ye©j n‡q c‡o Ges KuvKovi g„Zz¨nvi †e‡o hvq| ZvB mKv‡j ev VvÛv AvenvIqvq KuvKov aivi eë¯’v Kiv Ges aivi mgq †hb †Kv‡bv AvNvZ bv cvq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLv DwPZ| RxešÍ KuvKov ms‡e`bkxj cÖvYx, ZvB AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Kg bvovPvov Kiv Ges hZœmnKv‡i Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v Kiv DwPZ| KuvKov aivi ci cwi®‹vi I kxZj †jvbvcvwb w`‡q †j‡M _vKv Kuv`vgvwU ay‡q cwi®‹vi Szwo‡Z Qvqvhy³ VvÛv ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Ges †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB †hb A¯^v¯’¨Ki †bvsiv cwi‡e‡k bv ivLv nq| KuvKov‡Z †h Kv`vgvwU †j‡M _v‡K †mLvb †_‡K wewfbœ cÖKvi AYyRxe KuvKov‡Z P‡j Av‡m| G Qvov `~wlZ cvwbi gva¨‡g RxevYy AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i| RxešÍ KuvKovi †`n‡K †÷ivBj aiv nq ZvB KuvKov bv giv ch©šÍ wewfbœ cPb ˆZwiKvix RxevYy KuvKovi ¸YMZ gvb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB KuvKov Pvl ev d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi mgq Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Pv‡li cwi‡ek †Kv‡bvfv‡eB `~wlZ bv nq| GKB Szwo‡Z/cv‡Î GK mv‡_ AwaK msL¨K KuvKov bv ivLvB fv‡jv| G‡Z KuvKov gviv hvIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K| m~‡h©i cÖLi Av‡jv I AZ¨waK evZvm hv‡Z KuvKovi Dci Pvc I g„Zz¨nvi bv evovq, †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| Lvgvi n‡Z KuvKov aivi ci †`wi bv K‡i hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e wW‡cv‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv DwPZ| Lvgvi I wW‡cv ch©v‡q KL‡bvB KuvKovi eo wPgUvhy³ cv a‡i UvbvUvwb Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY †h‡Kv‡bv mgq G¸‡jv †`n †_‡K Ly‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Gi evRvig~j¨ K‡g hv‡e|

KuvKov wW‡cv/AvoZ ch©v‡q Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©vq KiYxq :

• wW‡cv¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb h_vm¤¢e AveR©bv I `yM©Ügy³ ¯’v‡b Kiv| • mn‡R hvb PjvPj Dc‡hvMx iv¯Ívi cv‡k wW‡cv wbg©vY Kiv hv‡Z mn‡RB KuvKov wW‡cv‡Z Avbv hvq| • cvKv †g‡S I †`qvj msewjZ KuvKov wW‡cv wbg©vY Kiv| • †cvKvgvKo I gkv-gvwQ cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ ìRv-Rvbvjvq Zvi Rvj Øviv †ewóZ ivLv| • Kg©x‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ m¤^‡Ü mRvM _vKv, cwi®‹vi †cvkvK I cwi”Qbœ nv‡Z KvR Kiv| • wW‡cv Kg©x‡ì Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv-cÖmªveLvbv Ges nvZ †avqvi mye‡›`ve¯Í ivLv| • wW‡cvi g‡a¨ a~gcvb bv Kiv Ges _y_y, Kvwk I nuvwP bv †djv| • RxešÍ KuvKov `ªæZ XvKvq / wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b †cÖiY Kiv|

KuvKov c¨v‡KwRs cÖwµqv t

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂjmg~‡n g¨vb‡MÖvf, b`x Ges Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs‡qi †Ni n‡Z Pvwl/ msMªnKvixiv KuvKov aivi ci euv‡ki Szwo‡Z A_ev P‡Ui e¨v‡M c¨vwKs K‡i ’vbxq evRv‡ii wW‡cv‡Z wb‡q Av‡m| wW‡cv‡Z Avbvi ci †MÖwWs Abyhvqx KuvKov euv‡ki/cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 90-100†KwR) f‡i gyL P‡Ui e Ív w`‡q †eu‡a †`qv nq Ges Gfv‡eB ivRavbx XvKvq †cÖiY Kiv nq| XvKvq ißvwbKviK‡ì Kv‡Q hvIqvi ci AvšÍR©vwZK Pvwn`v Abymv‡i cybivq K‡i KuvKov cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 16 †KwR) Ges euv‡ki Szwo‡Z (cÖwZ Szwo‡Z 25 †KwR) c¨vwKs Kiv nq Ges GKUvi Dci Av‡iKUv Szwo w`‡q A‡bK¸‡jv Szwo mvRv‡bv nq| cÖ‡Z¨K Szwoi Zjvq cwjw_b wmU †`qv nq hv‡Z †Kv‡bv wj‡KR bv nq| KuvKov mvaviYZ †hw`b ißvwb n†e †mw`b A_ev Zvi GKw`b Av‡M XvKvq †cÖiY Kiv nq| cieZ©xKv‡j XvKv¯’ ißvwbKviK‡ì gva¨‡g AvKvkc‡_ wegv‡bi gva¨‡g AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i ißvwb n‡q _v‡K| AvKvk-c‡_ cwien‡bi †¶‡Î, KuvKov c¨vwKs‡qi c~‡e© †jvbvcvwb‡Z Pzwe‡q wb‡j Gi g„Zz¨nvi A‡bKUv Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î mvaviYZ 5-10% KuvKovi g„Zz¨nvi N‡U _v‡K| KuvKov‡K `xN© mgq a‡i RxweZ ivLvi Rb¨ wQ`ªhy³ cwj÷vB-wib e‡·i g‡a¨ 10 †KwR KuvKov f‡i c¨vwKs Kiv hvq| cwj÷vBwib e· Gi Zjvq eid †`qv nq Z‡e Zv‡ii Rvwj Øviv Zjvi eid I KuvKov‡K Avjv`v ivLv nq| wZbwU cwj÷vBwib e·‡K GKwU eo KvW©‡evW© KvU©zb (wQ`ªhy³) Gi †fZi cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q c¨vwKs Kiv nq| eo wkc‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ KuvKov‡K VvÛv RvqMvq (18-22 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW) ivL‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq|

49

KuvKov c¨v‡KwRs‡q we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

• c¨v‡KwRs‡qi Rb¨ eëüZ mvgMÖx Aek¨B ¯v ’ m¤§Z ’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| • c¨v‡KwRs‡qi Rb¨ eëüZ mvgMÖx c¨v‡KwRs‡qi c~‡e© cwi®‹vi I RxevYybvkK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| • KuvKov ¯v ’ m¤§Z ’v‡b c¨v‡KwRs Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Ac ªe¨ Øviv msµwgZ n‡Z bv cv‡i| • KuvKov c¨vwKs‡qi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb GKUvi mv‡_ AbÜvi ~iZ¡ h_vm¤¢e KvQvKvwQ _v‡K| KviY ~iZ¡ †ewk n‡j †ewk bovPvov Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e Ges wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ KvgovKvgwo Ki‡e d‡j ¸YMZ gvb bó n‡e| • c¨v‡KwRs Kivi mgq †hb KuvKov AvNvZcÖvß bv nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| • c¨v‡KwRsKv‡j gvby‡li ¯v‡ ’ i Rb¨ ¶wZKi †Kv‡bv c`v_© KuvKovi mv‡_ bv jv‡M| • c¨v‡KwRs‡qi Rb¨ k³ I gReyZ cøvw÷‡Ki Szwo eënvi Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z cwienbKv‡j Pvc †j‡M †f‡½ bv hvq|

KuvKov cwienb cÖwµqv

evsjv‡`‡k KuvKov cwien‡bi †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv Av`k© c×wZ †bB ej‡jB P‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂjmg~‡ni b`x/†Ni n‡Z a„Z KuvKov Pvwl/msMªnKvix/dwoqv‡ì gva¨‡g †bŠKv/evBmvB‡Kj/wiKkv-f¨vb †hv‡M cÖ_gZ ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii wW‡cv‡Z Av‡m| †mLvb n‡Z ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Uªv‡K ev ev‡m ißvwbi Rb¨ XvKvq Avbv nq| mvaviYZ iv‡Zi †ejvq ZvcgvÎv Kg _v‡K weavq G mgq KuvKov cwien‡bi Dchy³ mgq| nRiZ kvnRvjvj AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡ii gva¨‡g AvKvkc‡_ KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb n‡q _v‡K| AvKvkc‡_ KuvKovi cwien‡bi mgq 16-20 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎv Ges 95% Av‡cw¶K Av`©ªZv eRvq ivL‡Z nq hv‡Z KuvKov RxweZ I mRxe _v‡K| mvaviYZ †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj n‡Z XvKvq KuvKov Avmvi mgq 5-10% KuvKov gviv hvq| Z‡e MÖx®§Kv‡j ZvcgvÎv †ewk _vKvq wKQyUv †ewk g„Zz¨ N‡U _v‡K| KuvKov GK ’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ’v‡b me©`v Ggbfv‡e cwienb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †Kv‡bv †÷ªm ev Pvc KuvKovi Dci bv c‡o| GB †÷ªm †_‡K i¶v Kiv †M‡j ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Ges DbœZgv‡bi KuvKov Lv`¨`ªe¨ wn‡m‡e cvIqv m¤¢e| AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i LyPiv †µZv Ges †i÷z‡i‡›U ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Ges DbœZgv‡bi KuvKovi Pvwn`v AZ¨šÍ †ewk|

KuvKov cwien‡b we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

• KuvKovi mv‡_ GKB Mvwo‡Z Ggb †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cwienb Kiv DwPZ bq, hv †_‡K KuvKov‡Z RxevYy msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i| • KuvKovi cwien‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ Mvwo‡Z Ggb eë ’v _vKv DwPZ †hb Zv mn‡RB cwi®‹vi I cwi”Qbœ Kiv hvq| • KuvKovi cwien‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ Mvwo‡Z †hb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cwienb bv Kiv nq| • Acwi®‹vi I A¯^v¯’¨Ki Mvwo‡Z KuvKovi cwienb n‡Z weiZ _vKv| • KuvKov cwienb eë¯’v hv‡Z †Kv‡bvfv‡eB RxešÍ KuvKovi Ici weiƒc cÖfve bv †dj‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K me©`v mRvM `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| • cwienbKv‡j KuvKov †hb Pvc †j‡M †_uZ‡j bv hvq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLv| • KuvKov cwienbKv‡j cv‡Îi AwZwi³ SuvKzwb cwinvi Kiv| • KuvKov cwien‡bi Szwo/cv‡Îi gyL G‡Kev‡i Gqvi UvBU bv ivLv A_©vr wKQyUv evZvm PjvP‡ji eë¯’v ivLv| • KuvKov cwienbKv‡j g„Z A_ev gyg~l©y KuvKov RxweZ Ab¨vb¨ KuvKovi mv‡_ cwienb bv Kiv|

KuvKov cwien‡b wKQy mgm¨v

• h_vh_ cwienb eë¯’v I wecYb myweavi Afve| • AwZwi³ cwienb e¨q I Puv`vevwR| • Ach©vß wegv‡bi ¯’vb msKzjvb I wbw`©ó †`‡k cvVv‡bvi my‡hv‡Mi Afve| • mvwe©K eë¯’vcbvq KvwiMwi Áv‡bi Afve|

KuvKov cwien‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq

• KuvKov cwien‡bi wewfbœ chv©‡q Puv`vevwR eÜ Kiv • wegv‡bi wfZ‡i ch©vß ¯’vb I Kg wegvb fvov Av`vq Kiv| • RxweZ KuvKov cwien‡b evsjv‡`k wegvb KZ©„K Kb‡mkb cÖ`vb| • miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q Av‡iv †ewk gvÎvq D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv| • wegv‡bi ¯’vb msKzjvb I wegv‡bi d¬vBU wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ evov‡bv|

RxweZ KuvKov me©cÖ_g 1977-78 mvj n‡Z ißvwb ïiæ nq Ges 1982 mvj n‡Z ißvwb evo‡Z _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖej m¤¢vebvgq KuvKov m¤ú`‡K Avg`vwbKviK †`kmg~‡ni Kv‡Q AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„w× Z_v AwaK ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ KuvKov Drcv`b cÖ_g I cÖavb kZ©| ZvB KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwienb cÖwµqvq ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv LyeB Riæwi| KuvKovi AvniY‡Ëvi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwienb cÖwµqvq m„ó mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv †M‡j KuvKov ißvwb Av‡iv †ewk Kiv m¤¢e Ges ißvwb evov‡bv †M‡j KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvwšÍK grm¨Rxex‡ì wbKU Avqea©K †ckv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e|

KuvKov c¨v‡KwRs‡q we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

• c¨v‡KwRs‡qi Rb¨ eëüZ mvgMÖx Aek¨B ¯v ’ m¤§Z ’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| • c¨v‡KwRs‡qi Rb¨ eëüZ mvgMÖx c¨v‡KwRs‡qi c~‡e© cwi®‹vi I RxevYybvkK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| • KuvKov ¯v ’ m¤§Z ’v‡b c¨v‡KwRs Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Ac ªe¨ Øviv msµwgZ n‡Z bv cv‡i| • KuvKov c¨vwKs‡qi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb GKUvi mv‡_ AbÜvi ~iZ¡ h_vm¤¢e KvQvKvwQ _v‡K| KviY ~iZ¡ †ewk n‡j †ewk bovPvov Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e Ges wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ KvgovKvgwo Ki‡e d‡j ¸YMZ gvb bó n‡e| • c¨v‡KwRs Kivi mgq †hb KuvKov AvNvZcÖvß bv nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| • c¨v‡KwRsKv‡j gvby‡li ¯v‡ ’ i Rb¨ ¶wZKi †Kv‡bv c`v_© KuvKovi mv‡_ bv jv‡M| • c¨v‡KwRs‡qi Rb¨ k³ I gReyZ cøvw÷‡Ki Szwo eënvi Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z cwienbKv‡j Pvc †j‡M †f‡½ bv hvq|

KuvKov cwienb cÖwµqv

evsjv‡`‡k KuvKov cwien‡bi †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv Av`k© c×wZ †bB ej‡jB P‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂjmg~‡ni b`x/†Ni n‡Z a„Z KuvKov Pvwl/msMªnKvix/dwoqv‡ì gva¨‡g †bŠKv/evBmvB‡Kj/wiKkv-f¨vb †hv‡M cÖ_gZ ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii wW‡cv‡Z Av‡m| †mLvb n‡Z ißvwb‡hvM¨ KuvKov Uªv‡K ev ev‡m ißvwbi Rb¨ XvKvq Avbv nq| mvaviYZ iv‡Zi †ejvq ZvcgvÎv Kg _v‡K weavq G mgq KuvKov cwien‡bi Dchy³ mgq| nRiZ kvnRvjvj AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡ii gva¨‡g AvKvkc‡_ KuvKov we‡`‡k ißvwb n‡q _v‡K| AvKvkc‡_ KuvKovi cwien‡bi mgq 16-20 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎv Ges 95% Av‡cw¶K Av`©ªZv eRvq ivL‡Z nq hv‡Z KuvKov RxweZ I mRxe _v‡K| mvaviYZ †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj n‡Z XvKvq KuvKov Avmvi mgq 5-10% KuvKov gviv hvq| Z‡e MÖx®§Kv‡j ZvcgvÎv †ewk _vKvq wKQyUv †ewk g„Zz¨ N‡U _v‡K| KuvKov GK ’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ’v‡b me©`v Ggbfv‡e cwienb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †Kv‡bv †÷ªm ev Pvc KuvKovi Dci bv c‡o| GB †÷ªm †_‡K i¶v Kiv †M‡j ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Ges DbœZgv‡bi KuvKov Lv`¨`ªe¨ wn‡m‡e cvIqv m¤¢e| AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i LyPiv †µZv Ges †i÷z‡i‡›U ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Ges DbœZgv‡bi KuvKovi Pvwn`v AZ¨šÍ †ewk|

KuvKov cwien‡b we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

• KuvKovi mv‡_ GKB Mvwo‡Z Ggb †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cwienb Kiv DwPZ bq, hv †_‡K KuvKov‡Z RxevYy msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i| • KuvKovi cwien‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ Mvwo‡Z Ggb eë ’v _vKv DwPZ †hb Zv mn‡RB cwi®‹vi I cwi”Qbœ Kiv hvq| • KuvKovi cwien‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ Mvwo‡Z †hb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cwienb bv Kiv nq| • Acwi®‹vi I A¯^v¯’¨Ki Mvwo‡Z KuvKovi cwienb n‡Z weiZ _vKv| • KuvKov cwienb eë¯’v hv‡Z †Kv‡bvfv‡eB RxešÍ KuvKovi Ici weiƒc cÖfve bv †dj‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K me©`v mRvM `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| • cwienbKv‡j KuvKov †hb Pvc †j‡M †_uZ‡j bv hvq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLv| • KuvKov cwienbKv‡j cv‡Îi AwZwi³ SuvKzwb cwinvi Kiv| • KuvKov cwien‡bi Szwo/cv‡Îi gyL G‡Kev‡i Gqvi UvBU bv ivLv A_©vr wKQyUv evZvm PjvP‡ji eë¯’v ivLv| • KuvKov cwienbKv‡j g„Z A_ev gyg~l©y KuvKov RxweZ Ab¨vb¨ KuvKovi mv‡_ cwienb bv Kiv|

KuvKov cwien‡b wKQy mgm¨v

• h_vh_ cwienb eë¯’v I wecYb myweavi Afve| • AwZwi³ cwienb e¨q I Puv`vevwR| • Ach©vß wegv‡bi ¯’vb msKzjvb I wbw`©ó †`‡k cvVv‡bvi my‡hv‡Mi Afve| • mvwe©K eë¯’vcbvq KvwiMwi Áv‡bi Afve|

KuvKov cwien‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq

• KuvKov cwien‡bi wewfbœ chv©‡q Puv`vevwR eÜ Kiv • wegv‡bi wfZ‡i ch©vß ¯’vb I Kg wegvb fvov Av`vq Kiv| • RxweZ KuvKov cwien‡b evsjv‡`k wegvb KZ©„K Kb‡mkb cÖ`vb| • miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q Av‡iv †ewk gvÎvq D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv| • wegv‡bi ¯’vb msKzjvb I wegv‡bi d¬vBU wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ evov‡bv|

RxweZ KuvKov me©cÖ_g 1977-78 mvj n‡Z ißvwb ïiæ nq Ges 1982 mvj n‡Z ißvwb evo‡Z _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖej m¤¢vebvgq KuvKov m¤ú`‡K Avg`vwbKviK †`kmg~‡ni Kv‡Q AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„w× Z_v AwaK ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ KuvKov Drcv`b cÖ_g I cÖavb kZ©| ZvB KuvKovi Avni‡YvËi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwienb cÖwµqvq ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv LyeB Riæwi| KuvKovi AvniY‡Ëvi cwiPh©v, c¨v‡KwRs I cwienb cÖwµqvq m„ó mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv †M‡j KuvKov ißvwb Av‡iv †ewk Kiv m¤¢e Ges ißvwb evov‡bv †M‡j KuvKov Pvl I d¨v‡Uwbs evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvwšÍK grm¨Rxex‡ì wbKU Avqea©K †ckv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e|

gvQ Pvl I Gi MyiæZ¡

c„w_ex‡Z ªæZ RbmsL¨v e„w×i cvkvcvwk Lv`¨ NvUwZI cvjøv w`‡q evo‡Q| ^v¯’¨ myiÿv Ges †cÖvwU‡bi NvUwZ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ gvQ Pv‡li Lvevi AZ¨vek¨Kxq| GB †cÖvwU‡bi Ab¨Zg Drm n‡jv gvQ| gv‡Q I‡gMv-3 d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q hv K¨vbmvi cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ab¨Zg f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges †eªB‡bi wUmy¨ ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov wbqwgZ gvQ †L‡j nv‡U©i Amy‡Li SuzwK K‡g| cvkvcvwk gvQ GKwU A_©Kix dmj hv evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| GB wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY, Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó, g~jëvb ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b grm¨ m¤ú‡ì f~wgKv me©Rbwew`Z Ges ¯^xK…Z| AZGe gvbeRvwZi ¯^v¯’¨ myiÿvq my›ìfv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Ges Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqvi Rb¨ gvQ Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©|

†Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi cwiwPwZ Ges jvfRbK gvQ Pv‡l †Zjvwcqv Pv‡li m¤¢vebv

†Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi cwiwPwZ

†Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi †¶‡Î mv¤úªwZK D™¢veb n‡jv g‡bv‡m· (100 fvM cyiæl) †Zjvwcqv| n¨vPvwi‡Z wWg †dvUvi ci wj½ wba©vi‡Yi c~‡e©B ni‡gvb wgwkªZ Lvevi cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g mKj †Zjvwcqv †iYy‡K cyiæ‡l cwiYZ Kiv nq| d‡j †Zjvwcqv Pv‡li cÖavb AšÍivq gvÎvwZwi³ NbZ¡ †_‡K gyw³ cvIqv hvq Ges Kvw•ÿZ djb cÖvwß wbwðZ nq| GB cÖhyw³ Aej¤^b K‡i wdwjcvBb I _vBj¨vÛ cªf~Z mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q|

gvQ Pvl I Gi MyiæZ¡

c„w_ex‡Z ªæZ RbmsL¨v e„w×i cvkvcvwk Lv`¨ NvUwZI cvjøv w`‡q evo‡Q| ^v¯’¨ myiÿv Ges †cÖvwU‡bi NvUwZ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ gvQ Pv‡li Lvevi AZ¨vek¨Kxq| GB †cÖvwU‡bi Ab¨Zg Drm n‡jv gvQ| gv‡Q I‡gMv-3 d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q hv K¨vbmvi cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ab¨Zg f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges †eªB‡bi wUmy¨ ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov wbqwgZ gvQ †L‡j nv‡U©i Amy‡Li SuzwK K‡g| cvkvcvwk gvQ GKwU A_©Kix dmj hv evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| GB wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY, Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó, g~jëvb ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b grm¨ m¤ú‡ì f~wgKv me©Rbwew`Z Ges ¯^xK…Z| AZGe gvbeRvwZi ¯^v¯’¨ myiÿvq my›ìfv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Ges Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqvi Rb¨ gvQ Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©|

†Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi cwiwPwZ Ges jvfRbK gvQ Pv‡l †Zjvwcqv Pv‡li m¤¢vebv

†Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi cwiwPwZ

†Zjvwcqv gv‡Qi †¶‡Î mv¤úªwZK D™¢veb n‡jv g‡bv‡m· (100 fvM cyiæl) †Zjvwcqv| n¨vPvwi‡Z wWg †dvUvi ci wj½ wba©vi‡Yi c~‡e©B ni‡gvb wgwkªZ Lvevi cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g mKj †Zjvwcqv †iYy‡K cyiæ‡l cwiYZ Kiv nq| d‡j †Zjvwcqv Pv‡li cÖavb AšÍivq gvÎvwZwi³ NbZ¡ †_‡K gyw³ cvIqv hvq Ges Kvw•ÿZ djb cÖvwß wbwðZ nq| GB cÖhyw³ Aej¤^b K‡i wdwjcvBb I _vBj¨vÛ cªf~Z mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q|

50

†Zjvwcqv

51

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡li myweav I m¤¢vebv

gvQ AvniY

Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k GKB cyKz‡i eQ‡i 2-3 evi †Zjvwcqvi Drcv`b Kiv hvq| ZvB gvQwU‡K GKzqvwUK wP‡Kb ejv n‡q _v‡K| †Zjvwcqv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Ab¨ A‡bK gv‡Qi †P‡q ªæZ ea©bkxj| G gvQ 120-130 w`‡b 250-300 MÖvg IR‡b e„w× cvq| mKj iK‡gi Lvev‡i Af¨¯Í I Pvl c×wZ mnRZi nIqvq G gvQ Pvl Kiv eëmvwqK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K AZ¨šÍ jvfRbK| †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK Dfq †¶‡ÎB G gv‡Qi Pvwn`v e¨vcK| • me©fyK nIqvq †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi m¤ú~iK Lvevi cQ›` K‡i| • AwaK Nb‡Z¡ gvQ Pvl Kiv hvq| • Ab¨vb¨ gv‡Qi mv‡_ wgkª Pvl Kiv hvq| • †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv †ewk| • cwiPh©v I AvniY eë¯’v mnR nq| • Drcv`b LiP Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg, d‡j jvf †ewk| • †L‡Z my¯^v`y I Pvwn`v †ewk| • 4-5 gv‡mi g‡a¨ weµq‡hvM¨ nq d‡j GKB Rjvk‡q eQ‡i AšÍZ 2-3 evi Pvl Kiv m¤¢e| • jeYv³ cvwb‡ZI Pvl Kiv hvq| (jeYv³Zv 15 wcwcwU ch©šÍ n‡jI †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nq bv|)

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡l gRy`-c~e© I gRy`Kvjxb eë¯’vcbv

cyKzi ms¯‹vi

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡l cyKzi ms¯‹vi/cÖ¯‘wZi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| eë¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ avc m‡šÍvlRbK nIqv m‡Ë¡I ms¯‹vi/cÖ¯‘wZRwbZ µwUi Kvi‡Y djb Avkve¨ÄK nq bv|1. cyKzi cv‡oi †SvcSvo cwi®‹viKiY 2. cvo †givgZ3. cv‡oi Xvj †givgZ4. Zjvi AwZwi³ cPv Kv`v AcmviY 5. cv‡oi eo Mv‡Qi Wvjcvjv QuvUvBKiY 6. RjR AvMvQv `gb

AevwÂZ gvQ `~ixKiY

• iv¶y‡m gvQ: †kvj, †evqvj, wPZj, dwj, KvwKjv, †e‡j, UvwK/jvwU, P¨vs BZ¨vw` gvQ Pvl‡hvM¨ gv‡Qi †cvbv‡K †L‡q †d‡j|• AevwÂZ gvQ : gjv, †Xjv, †Pjv, Pvwcjv, cuywU, Pv›`v, BPv (†QvU wPswo) Pvl‡hvM¨ gv‡Qi †cvbv‡K Lvq bv wKš‘ Zv‡ì evm¯’vb I Lv‡`¨ fvM emvq|

iv¶y‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ `~ixKi‡Yi c×wZ

iv¶y‡m gvQ I AevwÂZ gvQ `~i Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ eënvi Kiv hvq:

(1) c×wZ-1 : cyKyi ïKv‡bv(2) c×wZ-2 : wel cª‡qvMcyKzi ïKv‡bv m¤¢e bv n‡j †iv‡Ubb wel cÖ‡qv‡M iv¶y‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ `~i Kiv hvq| †iv‡Ubb welwµqv I cvk¦©cÖwZwµqv ¯^í‡gqvw` Ges †iv‡Ubb cÖ‡qv‡M gvQ gviv hvIqvi ci †m¸‡jv LvIqv hv‡e| †iv‡Ubb n‡”Q †Wwim Mv‡Qi g~j (wkKo) †_‡K ˆZwi GK ai‡bi cvDWvi, hv †`L‡Z nvjKv ev`vwg i‡Oi| †iv‡Ubb cÖ‡qv‡M gvQ gviv hvq Z‡e wPswo I Ab¨vb¨ RjR KxU gviv hvq bv|

cÖ‡qvM gvÎv : `yB ai‡bi ¶gZvi †iv‡Ubb eënvi Kiv hvq, †hgb : 9.1% Ges 7% kw³m¤úbœ †iv‡Ubb| †iv‡Ub‡bi gvÎv wbf©i K‡i Zvi kw³ I ZvcgvÎvi Ici

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡li myweav I m¤¢vebv

gvQ AvniY

Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k GKB cyKz‡i eQ‡i 2-3 evi †Zjvwcqvi Drcv`b Kiv hvq| ZvB gvQwU‡K GKzqvwUK wP‡Kb ejv n‡q _v‡K| †Zjvwcqv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Ab¨ A‡bK gv‡Qi †P‡q ªæZ ea©bkxj| G gvQ 120-130 w`‡b 250-300 MÖvg IR‡b e„w× cvq| mKj iK‡gi Lvev‡i Af¨¯Í I Pvl c×wZ mnRZi nIqvq G gvQ Pvl Kiv eëmvwqK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K AZ¨šÍ jvfRbK| †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK Dfq †¶‡ÎB G gv‡Qi Pvwn`v e¨vcK| • me©fyK nIqvq †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi m¤ú~iK Lvevi cQ›` K‡i| • AwaK Nb‡Z¡ gvQ Pvl Kiv hvq| • Ab¨vb¨ gv‡Qi mv‡_ wgkª Pvl Kiv hvq| • †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv †ewk| • cwiPh©v I AvniY eë¯’v mnR nq| • Drcv`b LiP Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg, d‡j jvf †ewk| • †L‡Z my¯^v`y I Pvwn`v †ewk| • 4-5 gv‡mi g‡a¨ weµq‡hvM¨ nq d‡j GKB Rjvk‡q eQ‡i AšÍZ 2-3 evi Pvl Kiv m¤¢e| • jeYv³ cvwb‡ZI Pvl Kiv hvq| (jeYv³Zv 15 wcwcwU ch©šÍ n‡jI †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nq bv|)

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡l gRy`-c~e© I gRy`Kvjxb eë¯’vcbv

cyKzi ms¯‹vi

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡l cyKzi ms¯‹vi/cÖ¯‘wZi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| eë¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ avc m‡šÍvlRbK nIqv m‡Ë¡I ms¯‹vi/cÖ¯‘wZRwbZ µwUi Kvi‡Y djb Avkve¨ÄK nq bv|1. cyKzi cv‡oi †SvcSvo cwi®‹viKiY 2. cvo †givgZ3. cv‡oi Xvj †givgZ4. Zjvi AwZwi³ cPv Kv`v AcmviY 5. cv‡oi eo Mv‡Qi Wvjcvjv QuvUvBKiY 6. RjR AvMvQv `gb

AevwÂZ gvQ `~ixKiY

• iv¶y‡m gvQ: †kvj, †evqvj, wPZj, dwj, KvwKjv, †e‡j, UvwK/jvwU, P¨vs BZ¨vw` gvQ Pvl‡hvM¨ gv‡Qi †cvbv‡K †L‡q †d‡j|• AevwÂZ gvQ : gjv, †Xjv, †Pjv, Pvwcjv, cuywU, Pv›`v, BPv (†QvU wPswo) Pvl‡hvM¨ gv‡Qi †cvbv‡K Lvq bv wKš‘ Zv‡ì evm¯’vb I Lv‡`¨ fvM emvq|

iv¶y‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ `~ixKi‡Yi c×wZ

iv¶y‡m gvQ I AevwÂZ gvQ `~i Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ eënvi Kiv hvq:

(1) c×wZ-1 : cyKyi ïKv‡bv(2) c×wZ-2 : wel cª‡qvMcyKzi ïKv‡bv m¤¢e bv n‡j †iv‡Ubb wel cÖ‡qv‡M iv¶y‡m I AevwÂZ gvQ `~i Kiv hvq| †iv‡Ubb welwµqv I cvk¦©cÖwZwµqv ¯^í‡gqvw` Ges †iv‡Ubb cÖ‡qv‡M gvQ gviv hvIqvi ci †m¸‡jv LvIqv hv‡e| †iv‡Ubb n‡”Q †Wwim Mv‡Qi g~j (wkKo) †_‡K ˆZwi GK ai‡bi cvDWvi, hv †`L‡Z nvjKv ev`vwg i‡Oi| †iv‡Ubb cÖ‡qv‡M gvQ gviv hvq Z‡e wPswo I Ab¨vb¨ RjR KxU gviv hvq bv|

cÖ‡qvM gvÎv : `yB ai‡bi ¶gZvi †iv‡Ubb eënvi Kiv hvq, †hgb : 9.1% Ges 7% kw³m¤úbœ †iv‡Ubb| †iv‡Ub‡bi gvÎv wbf©i K‡i Zvi kw³ I ZvcgvÎvi Ici

52

†iv‡Ub‡bi cÖ‡qvM gvÎv

eënvi c×wZ

cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY †iv‡Ubb cvDWvi evjwZ‡Z wb‡q Aí Aí K‡i cvwb wgwk‡q cÖ_‡g KvB ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e (gq`v †Mvjv‡bvi g‡Zv)| cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z KvB wZb fvM K‡i, GK fvM Øviv †QvU †QvU ej evbv‡Z n‡e Ges evwK `yfv‡M cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY cvwb wgwk‡q ZijxK…Z Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g †QvU †QvU ej¸‡jv mg¯Í cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z mgvbfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges cvkvcvwk ZijxK…Z AskI cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z wQUv‡Z n‡e| 20-25 wgwbU ci gvQ AvµvšÍ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Rvj †U‡b gvQ ai‡Z n‡e| cvwb IjU-cvjU K‡i w`‡j we‡li Kvh©KvwiZv †e‡o hv‡e| cvwbi ZvcgvÎv †ewk n‡jI Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cvq| wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi 20-25 wgwbU ci mg¯Í gvQ †f‡m DV‡j Rvj †U‡b a‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| welv³Zvi †gqv`Kvj : cÖvq 7 w`b|

cyKzi cÖ¯‘‡Z Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv n‡jv †cvov Pzb hv †`L‡Z cv_‡ii b¨vq| cyKz‡i cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1 †KwR nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

cyKz‡i Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡

• gvwU I cvwbi A¤øZ¡ `~i K‡i cvwb‡K wKQyUv ¶vixq Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i (cvwbi UKUK fve `~i K‡i)| • ev‡R M¨vm I †ivM-evjvB‡qi m¤¢vebv Kwg‡q †`q| • cvwb‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói ch©vßZv m„wó K‡i| • cvwbi †NvjvZ¡ `~i K‡i| • mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

fv‡jv Pzb mbv³KiY

Pzb †Kbvi mgq fv‡jvfv‡e †`‡L wKb‡Z n‡e| GKwU Møv‡m cvwb wb‡q †QvU GKLÛ Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| hw` 3/4 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ ev Zvi c~‡e©B cvwb Mig n‡q Pzb UMeM K‡i dy‡j †du‡c D‡V Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e PzbwUi ¸YMZ gvb fv‡jv Av‡Q|eënvi gvÎv :

(bvm©vwi cyKzi Ges gRy` cyKz‡i) cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1-2 †KwR nv‡i †cvov Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq A_©vr cyKz‡ii AvqZb 15 kZvsk n‡j cÖ¯ÍyZKvjxb cÖ‡qvRbxq Pz‡bi cwigvY n‡jv 15 †KwR|Pzb cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

cyKzi ïKv‡bv n‡j A_ev cyKz‡i cvwb _vK‡j w÷‡ji evjwZ ev gvwUi cv‡Î cvwb wb‡q Zvi g‡a¨ Pzb wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e, †h cwigvY Pzb n‡e Zvi wZb¸Y cwigvY cvwb wb‡Z n‡e| VvÛv n‡j cª‡qvRbxq Pzb cyKz‡ii Xvjmn mg¯Í cyKz‡i mgvbfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|eënv‡ii mgq

mKv‡j (8-9 Uvq) Pzb cª‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi 7-8 w`b ci Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© cyKz‡i fv‡jvfv‡e niiv †U‡b Zjvi Kv`v I cvwb IjU-cvjU K‡i `~wlZ M¨vm `~i K‡i wb‡j fv‡jv n‡e|Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi mveavbZv

• Pzb eënv‡ii mgq bvK-gyL Kvco w`‡q Ges nv‡Z cwjw_b †eu‡a wb‡Z n‡e| • evZv‡mi AbyK~‡j wQUv‡Z n‡e| • cøvw÷‡Ki evjwZ‡Z Pzb †Mvjv‡bv hv‡e bv| • Mig Pzb wQUv‡bv hv‡e bv| • Pzb wkï‡ì bvMv‡ji evB‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| • eënv‡ii ci cvÎ fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| • e„wó I †gNjv w`‡b Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv|

†iv‡Ub‡bi cÖ‡qvM gvÎv

eënvi c×wZ

cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY †iv‡Ubb cvDWvi evjwZ‡Z wb‡q Aí Aí K‡i cvwb wgwk‡q cÖ_‡g KvB ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e (gq`v †Mvjv‡bvi g‡Zv)| cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z KvB wZb fvM K‡i, GK fvM Øviv †QvU †QvU ej evbv‡Z n‡e Ges evwK `yfv‡M cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY cvwb wgwk‡q ZijxK…Z Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g †QvU †QvU ej¸‡jv mg¯Í cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z mgvbfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges cvkvcvwk ZijxK…Z AskI cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z wQUv‡Z n‡e| 20-25 wgwbU ci gvQ AvµvšÍ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Rvj †U‡b gvQ ai‡Z n‡e| cvwb IjU-cvjU K‡i w`‡j we‡li Kvh©KvwiZv †e‡o hv‡e| cvwbi ZvcgvÎv †ewk n‡jI Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cvq| wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi 20-25 wgwbU ci mg¯Í gvQ †f‡m DV‡j Rvj †U‡b a‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| welv³Zvi †gqv`Kvj : cÖvq 7 w`b|

cyKzi cÖ¯‘‡Z Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv n‡jv †cvov Pzb hv †`L‡Z cv_‡ii b¨vq| cyKz‡i cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1 †KwR nv‡i Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

cyKz‡i Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡

• gvwU I cvwbi A¤øZ¡ `~i K‡i cvwb‡K wKQyUv ¶vixq Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i (cvwbi UKUK fve `~i K‡i)| • ev‡R M¨vm I †ivM-evjvB‡qi m¤¢vebv Kwg‡q †`q| • cvwb‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói ch©vßZv m„wó K‡i| • cvwbi †NvjvZ¡ `~i K‡i| • mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

fv‡jv Pzb mbv³KiY

Pzb †Kbvi mgq fv‡jvfv‡e †`‡L wKb‡Z n‡e| GKwU Møv‡m cvwb wb‡q †QvU GKLÛ Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| hw` 3/4 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ ev Zvi c~‡e©B cvwb Mig n‡q Pzb UMeM K‡i dy‡j †du‡c D‡V Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e PzbwUi ¸YMZ gvb fv‡jv Av‡Q|eënvi gvÎv :

(bvm©vwi cyKzi Ges gRy` cyKz‡i) cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1-2 †KwR nv‡i †cvov Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq A_©vr cyKz‡ii AvqZb 15 kZvsk n‡j cÖ¯ÍyZKvjxb cÖ‡qvRbxq Pz‡bi cwigvY n‡jv 15 †KwR|Pzb cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

cyKzi ïKv‡bv n‡j A_ev cyKz‡i cvwb _vK‡j w÷‡ji evjwZ ev gvwUi cv‡Î cvwb wb‡q Zvi g‡a¨ Pzb wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e, †h cwigvY Pzb n‡e Zvi wZb¸Y cwigvY cvwb wb‡Z n‡e| VvÛv n‡j cª‡qvRbxq Pzb cyKz‡ii Xvjmn mg¯Í cyKz‡i mgvbfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|eënv‡ii mgq

mKv‡j (8-9 Uvq) Pzb cª‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi 7-8 w`b ci Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© cyKz‡i fv‡jvfv‡e niiv †U‡b Zjvi Kv`v I cvwb IjU-cvjU K‡i `~wlZ M¨vm `~i K‡i wb‡j fv‡jv n‡e|Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi mveavbZv

• Pzb eënv‡ii mgq bvK-gyL Kvco w`‡q Ges nv‡Z cwjw_b †eu‡a wb‡Z n‡e| • evZv‡mi AbyK~‡j wQUv‡Z n‡e| • cøvw÷‡Ki evjwZ‡Z Pzb †Mvjv‡bv hv‡e bv| • Mig Pzb wQUv‡bv hv‡e bv| • Pzb wkï‡ì bvMv‡ji evB‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| • eënv‡ii ci cvÎ fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| • e„wó I †gNjv w`‡b Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv|

kw³ eënvi gvÎv (cÖwZ kZvs‡k, cÖwZ dyU cvwbi Mo MfxiZvi Rb¨)

9.1% 25-30 MÖvg

7% 28-35 MÖvg

53

mvi cÖ‡qvM

cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci Ges †cvbv gRy‡ì 4-5 w`b c~‡e© mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

cyKz‡i mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv PvlK…Z gv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨-cø¨vsU‡bi (†kIjv I †QvU †QvU cÖvYx KYv) Drcv`b e„w× Kiv| cÖvK„wZK Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó mg„× ˆRe I A‰Re mvi cyKz‡i eënvi Kiv nq|

mv‡ii cÖKvi‡f`

mvi mvaviYZ 2 cÖKv‡ii nq, †hgb Ñ 1. ˆRe mvi 2. A‰Re mvi| • ˆRe mvi : Rxe †_‡K †h mvi cvIqv hvq • A‰Re mvi : ivmvqwbKfv‡e KjKviLvbvq ˆZwi

mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY

A‡b‡K †Mvei eënvi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK| †m‡¶‡Î kZvsk cÖwZ 400-500 MÖvg mwilvi ˆLj cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 5-7 w`b ci cvwbi is meyRvf ev nvjKv ev`vwg meyR n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZi mgq cyKz‡i mvi †`qvi wVK Av‡Mi iv‡Z wUGmwc (†g‡U mvi) GKwU gvwUi cv‡Î/eo evjwZ‡Z †Mve‡ii mv‡_ GK‡Î wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| ciw`b mKv‡j (†ejv 10Uv / 11Uvi mgq) Zvi mv‡_ BDwiqv mvi wgwk‡q mg¯Í cyKz‡ii AMfxi As‡k wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq

Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-4 w`b ci wgkª Pv‡li cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb c~‡e©v³ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| w`‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv mgq mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| Z‡e mvaviYZ m~h©v‡jvK covi ci mvi cÖ‡qvM KivB DËg| G mgqwU mKvj †_‡K `ycy‡ii g‡a¨B wba©viY Kiv DwPZ|

cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y

mvaviYZ K‡qKwU mnR c×wZ‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y Ges cwigvc Kiv hvq|1. †Pv‡L †`‡L 2. nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ 3. ¯^”Q Kv‡Pi Møv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Ges4. †mwK wW¯‹ eënvi K‡i|

1. †Pv‡L †`‡L : cvwbi is fv‡jv K‡i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i ejv hvq cyKz‡ii cvwbi is gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx wK bv| cvwbi is meyR, ev`vwg meyR, jvj‡P meyR n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cvwb‡Z ch©vß cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|

2. nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ : nvZ KbyB ch©šÍ Wzev‡bvi ci nv‡Zi Zvjy †`Lv bv †M‡j eyS‡Z n‡e mwVK cwigvY cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Av‡Q| †Nvjv cvwb‡Z G cixÿv Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|

3. ¯^”Q Kv‡Pi Møv‡mi mvnv‡h¨: cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 5-7 w`b ci MvgQv ev cvZjv Kvc‡oi mvnv‡h¨ cyKzi †_‡K cvwb msMÖn K‡i cwi®‹vi Kuv‡Pi Møv‡m wb‡Z n‡e| m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z hw` Møv‡m ¶z`ª ¶z`ª cÖvwYKYv (Møvm cÖwZ 5-10wU) †`Lv hvh, Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e cvwb‡Z ch©vß cÖvYx RvZxq cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Av‡Q|

mvi cÖ‡qvM

cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci Ges †cvbv gRy‡ì 4-5 w`b c~‡e© mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

cyKz‡i mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv PvlK…Z gv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨-cø¨vsU‡bi (†kIjv I †QvU †QvU cÖvYx KYv) Drcv`b e„w× Kiv| cÖvK„wZK Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó mg„× ˆRe I A‰Re mvi cyKz‡i eënvi Kiv nq|

mv‡ii cÖKvi‡f`

mvi mvaviYZ 2 cÖKv‡ii nq, †hgb Ñ 1. ˆRe mvi 2. A‰Re mvi| • ˆRe mvi : Rxe †_‡K †h mvi cvIqv hvq • A‰Re mvi : ivmvqwbKfv‡e KjKviLvbvq ˆZwi

mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY

A‡b‡K †Mvei eënvi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK| †m‡¶‡Î kZvsk cÖwZ 400-500 MÖvg mwilvi ˆLj cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 5-7 w`b ci cvwbi is meyRvf ev nvjKv ev`vwg meyR n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZi mgq cyKz‡i mvi †`qvi wVK Av‡Mi iv‡Z wUGmwc (†g‡U mvi) GKwU gvwUi cv‡Î/eo evjwZ‡Z †Mve‡ii mv‡_ GK‡Î wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| ciw`b mKv‡j (†ejv 10Uv / 11Uvi mgq) Zvi mv‡_ BDwiqv mvi wgwk‡q mg¯Í cyKz‡ii AMfxi As‡k wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq

Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-4 w`b ci wgkª Pv‡li cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb c~‡e©v³ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| w`‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv mgq mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| Z‡e mvaviYZ m~h©v‡jvK covi ci mvi cÖ‡qvM KivB DËg| G mgqwU mKvj †_‡K `ycy‡ii g‡a¨B wba©viY Kiv DwPZ|

cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y

mvaviYZ K‡qKwU mnR c×wZ‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y Ges cwigvc Kiv hvq|1. †Pv‡L †`‡L 2. nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ 3. ¯^”Q Kv‡Pi Møv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Ges4. †mwK wW¯‹ eënvi K‡i|

1. †Pv‡L †`‡L : cvwbi is fv‡jv K‡i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i ejv hvq cyKz‡ii cvwbi is gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx wK bv| cvwbi is meyR, ev`vwg meyR, jvj‡P meyR n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cvwb‡Z ch©vß cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|

2. nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ : nvZ KbyB ch©šÍ Wzev‡bvi ci nv‡Zi Zvjy †`Lv bv †M‡j eyS‡Z n‡e mwVK cwigvY cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Av‡Q| †Nvjv cvwb‡Z G cixÿv Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|

3. ¯^”Q Kv‡Pi Møv‡mi mvnv‡h¨: cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKvjxb mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 5-7 w`b ci MvgQv ev cvZjv Kvc‡oi mvnv‡h¨ cyKzi †_‡K cvwb msMÖn K‡i cwi®‹vi Kuv‡Pi Møv‡m wb‡Z n‡e| m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z hw` Møv‡m ¶z`ª ¶z`ª cÖvwYKYv (Møvm cÖwZ 5-10wU) †`Lv hvh, Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e cvwb‡Z ch©vß cÖvYx RvZxq cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Av‡Q|

mv‡ii bvg cÖ‡qvM gvÎv (cÖwZ kZvs‡k)

†Mvei A_ev K‡¤úv÷ 8-10 †KwR nuvm-gyiwMi weôv 4-5 †KwR (3-4 gM)

wU.Gm.wc 50-75 MÖvg BDwiqv 100-150 MÖvg

54

cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶‡Yi we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

• †iŠ‡`ªi mgq (†ejv 11-12Uvq) ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| • GKB e¨w³ GKB ¯’v‡b ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| • †gNjv w`‡b I †Nvjv cvwb‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hv‡e bv|

cvwbi welv³Zv cix¶v : cvwbi welv³Zv cix¶vi gva¨‡g †cvbv Qvovi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek hvPvB Kiv nq Ges †cvbv g„Zyï SuywK Kgv‡bv hvq| †m Kvi‡Y, cyKz‡i †cvbv Qvovi c~‡e© cvwbi welv³Zv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Zvici †cvbv Qvo‡Z n‡e|

cix¶v c×wZ

cyKz‡i GKwU nvcv UvwO‡q 10-15wU K‡qK cÖRvwZi †cvbv †Q‡o 4-6 NÈv ch©šÍ bRi ivL‡Z n‡e| hw` †cvbv¸‡jvi †`‡ni D¾¡jZv I PjvPj ¯^vfvweK _v‡K, Zvn‡j †evSv hv‡e cvwb‡Z welwµqv †bB|

cÖRvwZ I †cvbvi gRy` NbZ¡

cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi ¸iæZ¡

cyKy‡ii Ae¯’v ey‡S cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU cyKz‡i mvaviYZ 3wU ¯Íi _v‡K ev aiv nq| Dc‡ii ¯Íi, ga¨g ¯Íi I wb‡Pi ¯Íi| ¯Íi AbycvZ wVK †i‡L gvQ Qvo‡j GKwU cyKz‡ii me ¯Í‡ii Lv‡`ï mwVK/ m‡e©v”P eënvi nq Ges gv‡Qi Drcv`b †ewk cvIqv hvq| †hgb GKwU cyKz‡i hw` ïay wmjfvi Kv‡c©i †cvbv Qvov nq Z‡e wmjfvi Kvc© ïay Dc‡ii ¯Í‡ii Lv`¨ Lv‡e| ga¨ I wb‡Pi ¯Í‡ii Lv`¨ AeëüZ Ae¯’vq †_‡K hv‡e| myZivs ¯Íi †f‡` cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq|

g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv wgkªPv‡l kZvsk cÖwZ gRy` NbZ¡ :

cÖRvwZ I †cvbvi gRy` NbZ¡ wba©viY

cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶‡Yi we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

• †iŠ‡`ªi mgq (†ejv 11-12Uvq) ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| • GKB e¨w³ GKB ¯’v‡b ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| • †gNjv w`‡b I †Nvjv cvwb‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hv‡e bv|

cvwbi welv³Zv cix¶v : cvwbi welv³Zv cix¶vi gva¨‡g †cvbv Qvovi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek hvPvB Kiv nq Ges †cvbv g„Zyï SuywK Kgv‡bv hvq| †m Kvi‡Y, cyKz‡i †cvbv Qvovi c~‡e© cvwbi welv³Zv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Zvici †cvbv Qvo‡Z n‡e|

cix¶v c×wZ

cyKz‡i GKwU nvcv UvwO‡q 10-15wU K‡qK cÖRvwZi †cvbv †Q‡o 4-6 NÈv ch©šÍ bRi ivL‡Z n‡e| hw` †cvbv¸‡jvi †`‡ni D¾¡jZv I PjvPj ¯^vfvweK _v‡K, Zvn‡j †evSv hv‡e cvwb‡Z welwµqv †bB|

cÖRvwZ I †cvbvi gRy` NbZ¡

cÖRvwZ wbe©vP‡bi ¸iæZ¡

cyKy‡ii Ae¯’v ey‡S cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU cyKz‡i mvaviYZ 3wU ¯Íi _v‡K ev aiv nq| Dc‡ii ¯Íi, ga¨g ¯Íi I wb‡Pi ¯Íi| ¯Íi AbycvZ wVK †i‡L gvQ Qvo‡j GKwU cyKz‡ii me ¯Í‡ii Lv‡`ï mwVK/ m‡e©v”P eënvi nq Ges gv‡Qi Drcv`b †ewk cvIqv hvq| †hgb GKwU cyKz‡i hw` ïay wmjfvi Kv‡c©i †cvbv Qvov nq Z‡e wmjfvi Kvc© ïay Dc‡ii ¯Í‡ii Lv`¨ Lv‡e| ga¨ I wb‡Pi ¯Í‡ii Lv`¨ AeëüZ Ae¯’vq †_‡K hv‡e| myZivs ¯Íi †f‡` cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq|

g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv wgkªPv‡l kZvsk cÖwZ gRy` NbZ¡ :

cÖRvwZ I †cvbvi gRy` NbZ¡ wba©viY

gv‡Qi Lvevi cix¶v c×wZ †iŠ‡`ª cÖvK…wZK Lvevi cix¶v cyKz‡i †cvbv gRy‡ì Av‡Mi w`b †cvbv Qvovi c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ

cÖRvwZ cÖvK…wZK Lvevi bgybv-1 bgybv-2 bgybv-3 g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqv cÖvwYKYv, ˆRe c`v_© I Zjvi KxU 150-200 200-250 250-300 wmjfvi Kvc© Dw™¢`KYv I cÖvwYKYv 6-8 3-4 3-4 KvZjv Dw™¢`KYv I cÖvwYKYv 2-4 1-2 1-2 Kgb Kvc© cÖvwYKYv, ˆRe c`v_© I Zjvi KxU 1 1-2 1 g„‡Mj cÖvwYKYv, ˆRe c`v_© I Zjvi KxU 1-2 0 0 me©‡gvU 160-215 205-258 255-307

cÖRvwZ AvKvi (BwÂ) msL¨v/kZvsk

bgybv 1 bgybv 2

†Zjvwcqv 2-3 80-100 100-150

wmjfvi Kvc© ev KvZjv 4-5 10-12 5-10

55

fv‡jv I `ye©j †cvbv mbv³KiY :

†cvbv cwienb

cwienY NbZ¡

fv‡jv I `ye©j †cvbv mbv³KiY :

†cvbv cwienb

cwienY NbZ¡

nuvwo A_ev Wªv‡g †cvbv cwienb cvwZ‡j †cvbv cwienb Aw·‡Rb e¨v‡M †cvbv cwienb

fv‡jv †cvbv †Pbvi Dcvq

†`Lvi welq fv‡jv †cvbv Lvivc †cvbv

Pjv‡div PÂj w ’i †`‡ni is SKS‡K/D¾¡j †Nvjv d¨vKv‡k AuvBk SKS‡K wd‡K weRj wcw”Qj LmL‡m AvPiY (†MvjvKvi cv‡Î †i‡L †mªvZ m„wó Ki‡j)

†mªv‡Zi wecix‡Z mšÍiYkxj cv‡Îi gvSLv‡b Rgv nq

kix‡i `vM †Kv‡bv `vM _v‡K bv †`n, cvLbv I dyjKvq jvj, Kv‡jv `vM _v‡K

cwienb c×wZ cwienb cvÎ

cvwbi cwigvY †cvbvi AvKvi

cwienb NbZ¡

mgq

cvwZj Iqvjv‡ì Kuv‡a

16 bs G¨vjywgwbqvg cvwZj

8-10 wjUvi cvwb

2© ©-3© © 3© ©-4© ©

250-300 †cvbv 150-200 †cvbv

6-8 NÈv 6-8 NÈv

BwÄb PvwjZ f¨v‡b

cøvw÷‡Ki Wªvg

100-120 wjUvi cvwb

2© ©-3© © 3© ©-4© © 4© ©-5© ©

1,000-1,500 800-1,000

500-800 †cvbv

3-5 NÈv 3-5 NÈv 3-5 NÈv

Aw·‡Rb gy³ cwjw_b

e¨v‡M

26© ©×16© © cwjw_b e¨vM

2.5-3 wjUvi cvwb

0.125- 0.25 MÖvg 0.33- 0.4 MÖvg

500-600 avbx †cvbv

250-300 avbx †cvbv

12-16 NÈv 6-8 NÈv

56

†cvbv †kvab

cyKz‡i †cvbv gRy‡ì Av‡M †cvbv RxevYygy³ K‡i †bqv DwPZ| GRb¨ GKwU evjwZ‡Z 10 wjUvi cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z 5 MÖvg ev 1 Pv PvgP cUvwkqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU (Wv³vwi cUvk) A_ev 200 MÖvg ev 1 gy‡Vi GKUz Kg Lvevi jeY wgwk‡q †cvbv¸‡jv‡K 1 wgwbU ev hZÿY †cvbv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i ZZÿY †i‡L Zvic‡i cyKz‡i gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| GB KvRwU †cvbv cwien‡bi Av‡M KivB fv‡jv| GB `ªe‡Y 300-500wU K‡i †cvbv cÖvq 4-5 evi †Mvmj Kiv‡bv hvq| †cvbv¸‡jv †Mvmj Kiv‡bvi mgq evjwZi g‡a¨ GKwU Nb duv‡mi Rvj †i‡L Zvi Dci †cvbv Qvo‡Z n‡e|†cvbv †kva‡bi DcKvwiZv

• †cvbv RxevYygy³ nq| • †cvbv gRy` cieZ©x g„Zz¨nvi Kg nq| • G‡ì †ivMevjvB Kg nq| †cvbv Af¨¯ÍKiY I gRy`

• †cvbv cwienb K‡i Avbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv cyKz‡i Qvov hv‡e bv|• nuvwo/e¨v‡ij‡K Kgc‡¶ 20 wgwbU Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b fvwm‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|• AZtci cvÎ I cyKz‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv mgZvq Avb‡Z n‡e| mgZvq Avbvi Rb¨ Aí Aí K‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cv‡Î Ges cv‡Îi cvwb cyKz‡i wewbgq Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvcgvÎvi mgZv cix¶v K‡i mgZv bv nIqv ch©šÍ wewbgq Ki‡Z n‡e|• Dfq cvwbi ZvcgvÎv mgvb n‡j cvÎwU‡K cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z KvZ K‡i nvZ w`‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cv‡Îi w`‡K †XD w`‡Z n‡e| ZLb †cvbv¸‡jv †mªv‡Zi wecix‡Z wbR †_‡KB cyKz‡i P‡j hv‡e|†cvbv gRy`

kZvsk cÖwZ 10-15 MÖvg IR‡bi 80-100wU †cvbv gRy` Kiv hvq| DbœZZi eë¯’vcbvq gRy` NbZ¡ 200-250wU ch©šÍ Kiv hvq| †cvbv msMÖ‡ni †¶‡Î n¨vPvwi wbe©vPb AZ¨šÍ iæZ¡c~Y©| mybvg AR©bKvix, cixw¶Z I AwfÁZvjä n¨vPvwi hviv ï× I DbœZ RvZ msi¶Y K‡i †m mKj Drm †_‡KB †cvbv msMÖn Kiv DwPZ|

†Zjvwcqv PvlKvjxb eë¯’vcbv

gRy` cieZ©x Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM :

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : cÖwZ kZ‡K 250 MÖvg Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| 3-4 gvm cici 1 evi A_©vr eQ‡i 3-4 evi w`‡Z n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qvM : mvßvwnK wKw¯Í‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv fv‡jv| Z‡e cvwb‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï ch©vßZv Ges cvwb ev cvwbi is Gi Dci wfwË K‡i mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv fv‡jv|

m¤ú~iK Lvevi cÖ‡qvM

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡li †¶‡Î m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e Pv‡ji Kzov, M‡gi fywm eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Kzov ev M‡gi fywmi mv‡_ mwilvi ˆLj P~Y© w`‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hv‡e| G †¶‡Î Kzov 60% I mwilvi ˆLj P~Y© 40% w`‡Z n‡e| †gvU gv‡Qi IR‡bi 5-6% nv‡i ˆ`wbK `yevi mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| DbœZ Pvl eë¯’vcbvq m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e fv‡jv gv‡bi (Kgc‡¶ 28% †cÖvwUb mg„×) †Zjvwcqv †iwWwdW (fvmgvb Lv`¨) cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi †¶‡Î fvmgvb Lv`¨ eënvi Kiv fv‡jv| G‡Z gv‡Qi Drcv`b fv‡jv nq|Pvlx ch©v‡q fv‡jv djb cvIqvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ Dcv‡q Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i cyKz‡i †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†cvbv †kvab

cyKz‡i †cvbv gRy‡ì Av‡M †cvbv RxevYygy³ K‡i †bqv DwPZ| GRb¨ GKwU evjwZ‡Z 10 wjUvi cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z 5 MÖvg ev 1 Pv PvgP cUvwkqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU (Wv³vwi cUvk) A_ev 200 MÖvg ev 1 gy‡Vi GKUz Kg Lvevi jeY wgwk‡q †cvbv¸‡jv‡K 1 wgwbU ev hZÿY †cvbv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i ZZÿY †i‡L Zvic‡i cyKz‡i gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| GB KvRwU †cvbv cwien‡bi Av‡M KivB fv‡jv| GB `ªe‡Y 300-500wU K‡i †cvbv cÖvq 4-5 evi †Mvmj Kiv‡bv hvq| †cvbv¸‡jv †Mvmj Kiv‡bvi mgq evjwZi g‡a¨ GKwU Nb duv‡mi Rvj †i‡L Zvi Dci †cvbv Qvo‡Z n‡e|†cvbv †kva‡bi DcKvwiZv

• †cvbv RxevYygy³ nq| • †cvbv gRy` cieZ©x g„Zz¨nvi Kg nq| • G‡ì †ivMevjvB Kg nq| †cvbv Af¨¯ÍKiY I gRy`

• †cvbv cwienb K‡i Avbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv cyKz‡i Qvov hv‡e bv|• nuvwo/e¨v‡ij‡K Kgc‡¶ 20 wgwbU Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b fvwm‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|• AZtci cvÎ I cyKz‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv mgZvq Avb‡Z n‡e| mgZvq Avbvi Rb¨ Aí Aí K‡i cyKz‡ii cvwb cv‡Î Ges cv‡Îi cvwb cyKz‡i wewbgq Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvcgvÎvi mgZv cix¶v K‡i mgZv bv nIqv ch©šÍ wewbgq Ki‡Z n‡e|• Dfq cvwbi ZvcgvÎv mgvb n‡j cvÎwU‡K cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z KvZ K‡i nvZ w`‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cv‡Îi w`‡K †XD w`‡Z n‡e| ZLb †cvbv¸‡jv †mªv‡Zi wecix‡Z wbR †_‡KB cyKz‡i P‡j hv‡e|†cvbv gRy`

kZvsk cÖwZ 10-15 MÖvg IR‡bi 80-100wU †cvbv gRy` Kiv hvq| DbœZZi eë¯’vcbvq gRy` NbZ¡ 200-250wU ch©šÍ Kiv hvq| †cvbv msMÖ‡ni †¶‡Î n¨vPvwi wbe©vPb AZ¨šÍ iæZ¡c~Y©| mybvg AR©bKvix, cixw¶Z I AwfÁZvjä n¨vPvwi hviv ï× I DbœZ RvZ msi¶Y K‡i †m mKj Drm †_‡KB †cvbv msMÖn Kiv DwPZ|

†Zjvwcqv PvlKvjxb eë¯’vcbv

gRy` cieZ©x Pzb I mvi cÖ‡qvM :

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : cÖwZ kZ‡K 250 MÖvg Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| 3-4 gvm cici 1 evi A_©vr eQ‡i 3-4 evi w`‡Z n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qvM : mvßvwnK wKw¯Í‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv fv‡jv| Z‡e cvwb‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï ch©vßZv Ges cvwb ev cvwbi is Gi Dci wfwË K‡i mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv fv‡jv|

m¤ú~iK Lvevi cÖ‡qvM

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡li †¶‡Î m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e Pv‡ji Kzov, M‡gi fywm eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Kzov ev M‡gi fywmi mv‡_ mwilvi ˆLj P~Y© w`‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hv‡e| G †¶‡Î Kzov 60% I mwilvi ˆLj P~Y© 40% w`‡Z n‡e| †gvU gv‡Qi IR‡bi 5-6% nv‡i ˆ`wbK `yevi mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| DbœZ Pvl eë¯’vcbvq m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e fv‡jv gv‡bi (Kgc‡¶ 28% †cÖvwUb mg„×) †Zjvwcqv †iwWwdW (fvmgvb Lv`¨) cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi †¶‡Î fvmgvb Lv`¨ eënvi Kiv fv‡jv| G‡Z gv‡Qi Drcv`b fv‡jv nq|Pvlx ch©v‡q fv‡jv djb cvIqvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ Dcv‡q Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i cyKz‡i †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

mv‡ii aib mvßvwnK/kZvsk

†Mvei 1-2 †KwR BDwiqv 50-100 Mªvg wUGmwc 25-50 MÖvg

µwgK bs Lv`¨ Dcv`vb

AbycvZ

cwigvY

gšÍe¨

1. wdk wgj 20% 20.0 †KwR

2. mwilvi ˆLj 15% 15.0 †KwR 3. Pv‡ji wgwn Kzov 40% 40.0 †KwR 4. M‡gi fywm 20% 20.0 †KwR 5. †Svjv ¸o 05% 5.0 †KwR 6. †gvU 100% 100.0 †KwR

GB nv‡i ˆZwi Kiv Lv`¨ †gvU

†`n IR‡bi 5-6% nv‡i w`‡b

2 evi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

57

Lv‡`ï cwigvY wba©viY

Lv`¨ †`qvi wbqg

†gvU Lvevi yB fv‡M fvM K‡i mKv‡j A‡a©K Ges evwK A‡a©K we‡K‡j cyKz‡ii GKwU wbw ©ó ’v‡b cÖwZw`b Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M mZK©Zv

cvwbi is †ewk meyR n‡j Lvevi Kg w`‡Z n‡e| w`‡bi †k‡l cÖ‡qvMK…Z Lvevi †kl nq wKbv †`‡L hw` Lvevi DØ„Ë _v‡K Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e Lvevi cÖ‡qvM AwZwi³ n‡q‡Q| †m †¶‡Î c‡ii †ejvq Lvev‡ii cwigvY Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

cvwb‡Z Lvev‡ii ¯’vqx‡Z¡i cixÿv

GKwU Kuv‡Pi Møv‡m cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z 10-12 MÖvg K‡i evwYwR¨K fvmgvb Ges WzešÍ grm¨ Lvevi Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e Møv‡m wb‡q cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| WzešÍ Lvevi hw` 5 wgwb‡Ui c~‡e©B ªexf~Z n‡q hvq Z‡e †mUv fv‡jv Lvevi bq| fvmgvb Lvev‡ii †ÿ‡Î Kgc‡ÿ 5 NÈvi c~‡e©B Wz‡e wKsev ªexf~Z n‡q hvq|

bgybvqb

gv‡Qi e„w×i nvi, ¯v ’ cixÿv, †eu‡P _vKvi nvi, cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`ï cwigvY wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ gv‡m y-GKevi Rvj †U‡b †`L‡Z nq GUvB bgybvqb| ZvQvov Rvj Uvb‡j cyKz‡ii Zj‡`‡k c‡o _vKv cvZv, Wvjcvjv, R‡g _vKv wewfbœ ai‡bi ÿwZKi M¨vm BZ¨vw` †ei n‡q Av‡m|

†Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY, evRviRvZKiY I cybg©Ry

†Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY I evRviRvZKiY : mvaviYZ g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi m¤ú~Y© AvniY eQ‡i yÕevi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑgvP©/GwcÖj gv‡m cyKzi cÖ ‘Z K‡i †cvbv gRy Ki‡j †m‡Þ¤‡i GKevi m¤ú~Y© AvniY K‡i A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ cyKzi cÖ ‘Z K‡i †cvbv gRy Ki‡j gv‡P©i †kl n‡Z GwcÖ‡ji g‡a¨ Av‡iKevi m¤ú~Y© AvniY Kiv hvq| • gv‡Qi AvKvi, evRvi g~j¨ I Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i m¤ú~Y© AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e| • evRviRvZKi‡Y cøvw÷‡Ki Szwo‡Z cwjw_b eënvi Ges gvQ I ei‡di AbycvZ 1t1 Ki‡Z n‡e|

Lv‡`ï cwigvY wba©viY

Lv`¨ †`qvi wbqg

†gvU Lvevi yB fv‡M fvM K‡i mKv‡j A‡a©K Ges evwK A‡a©K we‡K‡j cyKz‡ii GKwU wbw ©ó ’v‡b cÖwZw`b Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡M mZK©Zv

cvwbi is †ewk meyR n‡j Lvevi Kg w`‡Z n‡e| w`‡bi †k‡l cÖ‡qvMK…Z Lvevi †kl nq wKbv †`‡L hw` Lvevi DØ„Ë _v‡K Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e Lvevi cÖ‡qvM AwZwi³ n‡q‡Q| †m †¶‡Î c‡ii †ejvq Lvev‡ii cwigvY Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

cvwb‡Z Lvev‡ii ¯’vqx‡Z¡i cixÿv

GKwU Kuv‡Pi Møv‡m cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z 10-12 MÖvg K‡i evwYwR¨K fvmgvb Ges WzešÍ grm¨ Lvevi Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e Møv‡m wb‡q cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| WzešÍ Lvevi hw` 5 wgwb‡Ui c~‡e©B ªexf~Z n‡q hvq Z‡e †mUv fv‡jv Lvevi bq| fvmgvb Lvev‡ii †ÿ‡Î Kgc‡ÿ 5 NÈvi c~‡e©B Wz‡e wKsev ªexf~Z n‡q hvq|

bgybvqb

gv‡Qi e„w×i nvi, ¯v ’ cixÿv, †eu‡P _vKvi nvi, cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`ï cwigvY wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ gv‡m y-GKevi Rvj †U‡b †`L‡Z nq GUvB bgybvqb| ZvQvov Rvj Uvb‡j cyKz‡ii Zj‡`‡k c‡o _vKv cvZv, Wvjcvjv, R‡g _vKv wewfbœ ai‡bi ÿwZKi M¨vm BZ¨vw` †ei n‡q Av‡m|

†Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY, evRviRvZKiY I cybg©Ry

†Zjvwcqv gvQ AvniY I evRviRvZKiY : mvaviYZ g‡bv‡m· †Zjvwcqvi m¤ú~Y© AvniY eQ‡i yÕevi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑgvP©/GwcÖj gv‡m cyKzi cÖ ‘Z K‡i †cvbv gRy Ki‡j †m‡Þ¤‡i GKevi m¤ú~Y© AvniY K‡i A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ cyKzi cÖ ‘Z K‡i †cvbv gRy Ki‡j gv‡P©i †kl n‡Z GwcÖ‡ji g‡a¨ Av‡iKevi m¤ú~Y© AvniY Kiv hvq| • gv‡Qi AvKvi, evRvi g~j¨ I Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i m¤ú~Y© AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e| • evRviRvZKi‡Y cøvw÷‡Ki Szwo‡Z cwjw_b eënvi Ges gvQ I ei‡di AbycvZ 1t1 Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgq (gvm) Kzov/M‡gi fywm (MÖvg/kZvsk)

1g gvm 35 MÖvg 2q gvm 135 MÖvg 3q gvm 235 MÖvg 4_© gvm 265 MÖvg 5g gvm 335 MÖvg 6ô gvm 385 MÖvg 7g gvm 485 MÖvg

bgybvq‡bi D‡Ïk¨

bgybvq‡bi c×wZ

• gv‡Qi ˆ`wnK e„w×i nvi Rvbv • gRy`K…Z gv‡Qi †gvU IRb wbY©q K‡i Lv‡`ï cwigvY wba©viY Kiv • gvQ AvniY Dc‡hvMx n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv Rvbv • gv‡Qi ¯^v¯’¨ cixÿv, †ivM wbY©q Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv

• †gvU gv‡Qi 5%-10% bgybvqb Ki‡Z n‡e • †QvU cyKz‡i SuvwK Rvj Ges eo cyKz‡i †eo Rvj w`‡q gv‡Qi bgybv msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|

58

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡l Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve (cÖwZ Drcv`b Pµ/kZvsk):

cyKz‡ii mvaviY wKQy mgm¨v I m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb

wgkÖ gvQ Pvl c×wZ I Gi ¸iæZ¡

wgkª Pv‡l cyKzi wbe©vPb

• cyKy‡ii gvwjKvbv GKK n‡j fv‡jv| wbR¯ cyKzi me‡P‡q fv‡jv| Z‡e wjR cyKzi n‡j Zvi †gqv` 5 eQ‡ii †ewk n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e `xN©‡gqvw` n‡j fv‡jv nq| • cyKziwU Aek¨B eb¨vgy³ n‡Z n‡e| • cyKz‡ii cvwbi Mo MfxiZv 6-8 dzU n‡j fv‡jv nq| • †`v-Auvk gvwU cyKz‡ii Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv| • cyKz‡ii Zjvi Kv`vi cwigvY Kg n‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq| Z‡e †Kv‡bv g‡ZB 5-6 BwÂ Gi †ewk n‡e bv| • cyKzi cv‡o †hb eo MvQcvjv bv _v‡K| • cyKziwU †hb †Lvjv‡gjv nq| cyKz‡i †hb cÖPzi Av‡jv-evZvm jv‡M| A_©vr `wbK 7-8 NÈv m~h©v‡jvK †hb cyKz‡i c‡o| • cyKzi 20 kZvsk †_‡K 50 kZvs‡ki g‡a¨ n‡j eë ’vcbvq myweav nq| • ’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Lye mn‡RB †hb †cvbv cvIqv hvq| • cyKzi emZevwoi KvQvKvwQ n‡j fv‡jv nq|

wgkÖ Pvl

†hme cÖRvwZi gvQ iv¶z‡m ¯fv‡ei bq, Lv`¨ wb‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i bv, Rjvk‡qi wewfbœ Í‡i evm K‡i Ges wewfbœ Í‡ii Lvevi MÖnY K‡i Gme ¸‡Yi K‡qK cÖRvwZi iæB RvZxq gvQ GKB cyKz‡i GK‡Î Pvl KivB n‡jv wgkªPvl|

†Zjvwcqv Pv‡l Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve (cÖwZ Drcv`b Pµ/kZvsk):

cyKz‡ii mvaviY wKQy mgm¨v I m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb

wgkÖ gvQ Pvl c×wZ I Gi ¸iæZ¡

wgkª Pv‡l cyKzi wbe©vPb

• cyKy‡ii gvwjKvbv GKK n‡j fv‡jv| wbR¯ cyKzi me‡P‡q fv‡jv| Z‡e wjR cyKzi n‡j Zvi †gqv` 5 eQ‡ii †ewk n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e `xN©‡gqvw` n‡j fv‡jv nq| • cyKziwU Aek¨B eb¨vgy³ n‡Z n‡e| • cyKz‡ii cvwbi Mo MfxiZv 6-8 dzU n‡j fv‡jv nq| • †`v-Auvk gvwU cyKz‡ii Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv| • cyKz‡ii Zjvi Kv`vi cwigvY Kg n‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq| Z‡e †Kv‡bv g‡ZB 5-6 BwÂ Gi †ewk n‡e bv| • cyKzi cv‡o †hb eo MvQcvjv bv _v‡K| • cyKziwU †hb †Lvjv‡gjv nq| cyKz‡i †hb cÖPzi Av‡jv-evZvm jv‡M| A_©vr `wbK 7-8 NÈv m~h©v‡jvK †hb cyKz‡i c‡o| • cyKzi 20 kZvsk †_‡K 50 kZvs‡ki g‡a¨ n‡j eë ’vcbvq myweav nq| • ’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Lye mn‡RB †hb †cvbv cvIqv hvq| • cyKzi emZevwoi KvQvKvwQ n‡j fv‡jv nq|

wgkÖ Pvl

†hme cÖRvwZi gvQ iv¶z‡m ¯fv‡ei bq, Lv`¨ wb‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i bv, Rjvk‡qi wewfbœ Í‡i evm K‡i Ges wewfbœ Í‡ii Lvevi MÖnY K‡i Gme ¸‡Yi K‡qK cÖRvwZi iæB RvZxq gvQ GKB cyKz‡i GK‡Î Pvl KivB n‡jv wgkªPvl|

µwgK bs weeiY cwigvY ì (UvKv) g~j¨ (UvKv) gšÍe

1. cyKzi cÖ ÍywZ(ˆRe I A‰Re mvi) AvbygvwbK - 50.00

2. cyKzi wjR 6 gvm 100 50.00 3. †cvbvi g~j¨ 100 wU 1.20 120.00 4. Lv`¨ 30 †KwR 30 900.00 5. Pzb I cvwb mieivn - - 30.00 6. Rbkw³ - - 50.00 7. †jevi/Ab¨vb¨ - - 30.00

†gvU 1230.00

mgm¨v m¤¢ve¨ KviY cÖwZKvi

†NvjvZ¡ mvaviYZ e„wó †avqv gvwU cyKz‡i †NvjvZ¡ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i

cÖwZ kZvs‡k Pzb 1 †KwR A_ev wdUKvwi cÖwZ dzU cvwbi MfxiZvq 250 MÖvg A_ev av‡bi Lo 1- 1.5 †KwR K‡i AuvwU †eu‡a cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges 2- 33 w`b ci Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|

cvwbi Dc‡ii meyR Íi

AwZwi³ †kIjvi Rb¨ cvwbi iO Nb meyR n‡q hvq

Lv`¨ I mvi cÖ‡qvM eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e, av‡bi Lo †cuwP‡q `woi gZ ˆZwi K‡i cvwbi Dci w`‡q †U‡b AwZwi³ †kIjv Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|

cvwbi Dc‡ii jvj Íi

jvj †kIjv ev AwZwi³ Avqi‡bi Rb¨ cvwbi Dc‡i jvj Íi co‡Z cv‡i

av‡bi Lo †cuwP‡q `wo ˆZwi K‡i cvwbi Dci w`‡q †U‡b jvj Íi Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ kZvs‡k 100-150 MÖvg Pzb 2-3 evi (10- 12 w`b ci ci) A_ev 100 MÖvg wdUKvwiI cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

59

Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pvl I Gi myweav

Kvc© RvZxq gvQ ej‡Z †`wk I we‡`wk gvQ‡K †evSvq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k, †`wk I we‡`wk Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Av‡Q| †`kxq Kvc© : KvZjv, iæB, g„‡Mj I KvjevDk BZ¨vw`| we‡`wk Kvc© : wmjfvi Kvc©, MÖvm Kvc©, weM‡nW Kvc©, eøvK Kvc©, Kgb Kvc© BZ¨vw`|

myweav

1. wewfbœ Rjvk‡qi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii Lvevi Lvq2. Lv`¨ I RvqMvi Rb¨ G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZØ›Øx nq bv3. Giv iv¶z‡m ¯^fv‡ei bq4. †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv fv‡jv5. Lye ZvovZvwo ev‡o ev `ªyZ ea©bkxj6. mn‡R †cvbv cvIqv hvq 7. ¯^í g~‡jï m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ Lvq 8. †L‡Z my¯^v`y Ges evRv‡i Pvwn`v Av‡Q9 . A_©‰bwZK g~jÏ Av‡Q 10. K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi Øviv †cvbv Drcv`b Kiv hvq

wgkª Pv‡l Lv`¨ I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ : evB‡i †_‡K gvQ‡K †h Lvevi mieivn Kiv nq Zv‡K m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ e‡j| †hgbÑ ˆLj, Kzov, ïuUwK, gv‡Qi ¸uov BZ¨vw`| Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY : gv‡Qi cyKz‡i Lv`¨ †`qv wbf©i K‡i cvwbi ZvcgvÎv, gv‡Qi RvZ, eqm I gv‡Qi †gvU IR‡bi Dci| †hgbÑ MigKv‡j gvQ cyKz‡i Lye †ewk Lvq kxZKv‡j Lye Kg Lvq| myZivs G mg¯Í mgq we‡ePbv K‡i cyyKz‡i Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| mvaviY wbq‡g cÖwZ 100 †KwR gv‡Qi Rb¨ 2-5 †KwR Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM gvÎv

Lv`¨ ˆZwi c×wZ

m¤ú~iK Lvevi mieivn

iæB RvZxq gv‡Qi m¤ú~iK Lvevi mwilvi ˆLj I M‡gi fzwm ev Pv‡ji Kzov mgvb Abycv‡Z wgwk‡q Lvevi ˆZwi Kiv hvq| 10-12 NÈv wfRv‡bv mwilvi L‡ji mv‡_ ïK‡bv M‡gi fywm ev Pv‡ji Kzov wgwk‡q †MvjvKvi k³ jv Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ ˆZwii DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ Avjy, wKQy wPUv¸o ev †m× gq`v †gkv‡j `jv ˆZwi mnR n‡e|

Lv`¨ †`qvi wbqg

gvQ w`‡bi †ejvq Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y Pv‡li cyKz‡i cÖwZw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi mgvb `yBfvM K‡i GK fvM mKvj 10-11Uvq Ges Aci fvM 3-4Uvq cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ|

kxZ †gŠmy‡g (b‡f¤î- †deªæqvix) Lv‡`ï cwigvY Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e| kxZKv‡j w`‡b 1 evi Lvevi †`qv fv‡jv| MÖvm Kvc© I micuywUi Rb¨ ¶zw`cvbv ev big meyR Dw™¢` mivmwi cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| big meyR Dw™¢` †K‡U †QvU †QvU K‡i †`qv fv‡jv|

Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Pvl I Gi myweav

Kvc© RvZxq gvQ ej‡Z †`wk I we‡`wk gvQ‡K †evSvq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k, †`wk I we‡`wk Kvc© RvZxq gvQ Av‡Q| †`kxq Kvc© : KvZjv, iæB, g„‡Mj I KvjevDk BZ¨vw`| we‡`wk Kvc© : wmjfvi Kvc©, MÖvm Kvc©, weM‡nW Kvc©, eøvK Kvc©, Kgb Kvc© BZ¨vw`|

myweav

1. wewfbœ Rjvk‡qi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii Lvevi Lvq2. Lv`¨ I RvqMvi Rb¨ G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZØ›Øx nq bv3. Giv iv¶z‡m ¯^fv‡ei bq4. †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv fv‡jv5. Lye ZvovZvwo ev‡o ev `ªyZ ea©bkxj6. mn‡R †cvbv cvIqv hvq 7. ¯^í g~‡jï m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ Lvq 8. †L‡Z my¯^v`y Ges evRv‡i Pvwn`v Av‡Q9 . A_©‰bwZK g~jÏ Av‡Q 10. K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi Øviv †cvbv Drcv`b Kiv hvq

wgkª Pv‡l Lv`¨ I Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ : evB‡i †_‡K gvQ‡K †h Lvevi mieivn Kiv nq Zv‡K m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ e‡j| †hgbÑ ˆLj, Kzov, ïuUwK, gv‡Qi ¸uov BZ¨vw`| Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY : gv‡Qi cyKz‡i Lv`¨ †`qv wbf©i K‡i cvwbi ZvcgvÎv, gv‡Qi RvZ, eqm I gv‡Qi †gvU IR‡bi Dci| †hgbÑ MigKv‡j gvQ cyKz‡i Lye †ewk Lvq kxZKv‡j Lye Kg Lvq| myZivs G mg¯Í mgq we‡ePbv K‡i cyyKz‡i Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| mvaviY wbq‡g cÖwZ 100 †KwR gv‡Qi Rb¨ 2-5 †KwR Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM gvÎv

Lv`¨ ˆZwi c×wZ

m¤ú~iK Lvevi mieivn

iæB RvZxq gv‡Qi m¤ú~iK Lvevi mwilvi ˆLj I M‡gi fzwm ev Pv‡ji Kzov mgvb Abycv‡Z wgwk‡q Lvevi ˆZwi Kiv hvq| 10-12 NÈv wfRv‡bv mwilvi L‡ji mv‡_ ïK‡bv M‡gi fywm ev Pv‡ji Kzov wgwk‡q †MvjvKvi k³ jv Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ ˆZwii DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ Avjy, wKQy wPUv¸o ev †m× gq`v †gkv‡j `jv ˆZwi mnR n‡e|

Lv`¨ †`qvi wbqg

gvQ w`‡bi †ejvq Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y Pv‡li cyKz‡i cÖwZw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi mgvb `yBfvM K‡i GK fvM mKvj 10-11Uvq Ges Aci fvM 3-4Uvq cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ|

kxZ †gŠmy‡g (b‡f¤î- †deªæqvix) Lv‡`ï cwigvY Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e| kxZKv‡j w`‡b 1 evi Lvevi †`qv fv‡jv| MÖvm Kvc© I micuywUi Rb¨ ¶zw`cvbv ev big meyR Dw™¢` mivmwi cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| big meyR Dw™¢` †K‡U †QvU †QvU K‡i †`qv fv‡jv|

gv‡Qi Mo IRb (MÖvg) ˆ`wbK Lv‡`ï cwigvY (% †`‡ni IRb)

1-5 MÖvg 10% 5-10 MÖvg 5% 10-50 MÖvg 4% 50-100 MÖvg 3%

Dcv`vb kZKiv nvi

mwilvi ˆLj 50% M‡gi fzwm/Pv‡ji Kzov 50%

60

Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkÖ Pvl eë¯’vcbv

GKB Rjvk‡q GKB mg‡q hLb wPswoi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ GK ev GKvwaK cÖRvwZi gvQ GK mv‡_ Pvl Kiv nq, Zv‡K Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkª Pvl e‡j| GRvZxq Pvl c×wZ‡Z Rjvk‡qi Lv`¨ I evm¯’v‡bi e¨vcv‡i †KD Kv‡iv cÖwZ‡hvMx nq bv|

myyweav

• cyKz‡ii me©¯Í‡ii Lvevi eënvi wbwðZ nq • Zzjbvg~jK jvfRbK • †ivMe¨vwa Kg nq

Amyweav

• Mj`vi mv‡_ Pvl‡hvM¨ Kv‡c©i cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb mwVK bv n‡j Kvw•ÿZ jvf bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| • gRyZ cieZ©x eë¯’vcbvq AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z nq weavq me Pvlxi Rb¨ m¤¢e bv-I n‡Z cv‡i|

wgkª Pv‡l cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb

• Mj`vi mv‡_ wmjfvi Kvc©, Mªvm Kvc© I KvZjv wgkª Pv‡l eënvi Kiv hvq| • mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e †h cyKz‡ii Zjvq emevmKvix I Lv`¨ MÖnYKvix †Kvb cÖRvwZ Mj`v wPswoi mv‡_ wgkªfv‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| †hgb g„‡Mj, KvjevDk BZ¨vw`| GQvov iv¶z‡m gvQ Mj`v wPswoi mv‡_ Pvl Kiv hv‡e bv|

Mj`v wPswoi †MÖwWs

GK kZvsk cyKz‡i Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve (wPswo-Kvc© wgkª Pv‡l)

e¨‡qi LvZ

Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkÖ Pvl eë¯’vcbv

GKB Rjvk‡q GKB mg‡q hLb wPswoi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ GK ev GKvwaK cÖRvwZi gvQ GK mv‡_ Pvl Kiv nq, Zv‡K Mj`v wPswo I Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi wgkª Pvl e‡j| GRvZxq Pvl c×wZ‡Z Rjvk‡qi Lv`¨ I evm¯’v‡bi e¨vcv‡i †KD Kv‡iv cÖwZ‡hvMx nq bv|

myyweav

• cyKz‡ii me©¯Í‡ii Lvevi eënvi wbwðZ nq • Zzjbvg~jK jvfRbK • †ivMe¨vwa Kg nq

Amyweav

• Mj`vi mv‡_ Pvl‡hvM¨ Kv‡c©i cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb mwVK bv n‡j Kvw•ÿZ jvf bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| • gRyZ cieZ©x eë¯’vcbvq AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z nq weavq me Pvlxi Rb¨ m¤¢e bv-I n‡Z cv‡i|

wgkª Pv‡l cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb

• Mj`vi mv‡_ wmjfvi Kvc©, Mªvm Kvc© I KvZjv wgkª Pv‡l eënvi Kiv hvq| • mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e †h cyKz‡ii Zjvq emevmKvix I Lv`¨ MÖnYKvix †Kvb cÖRvwZ Mj`v wPswoi mv‡_ wgkªfv‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| †hgb g„‡Mj, KvjevDk BZ¨vw`| GQvov iv¶z‡m gvQ Mj`v wPswoi mv‡_ Pvl Kiv hv‡e bv|

Mj`v wPswoi †MÖwWs

GK kZvsk cyKz‡i Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve (wPswo-Kvc© wgkª Pv‡l)

e¨‡qi LvZ

gv_vmn gv_v Qvov

†MÖW cÖwZ †KwR‡Z msL¨v †MÖW cÖwZ 500MÖv‡g msL¨v 5 5 ch©šÍ 5 5 ch©šÍ 10 6-10 8 6-8 20 11-20 12 9-12 30 21-30 20 13-20 50 31-50 30 21-30

ZvwiL DcKiY cwigvY ì g~j¨

†iv‡Ubb 100 MÖvg 350 UvKv 35.00 Pzb 1.5 †KwR 14 UvKv 21.00 †cvbv:

Kvc© wPswo

18wU 60wU

3 UvKv 4 UvKv

54.00 240.00

ˆRe mvi 30 †KwR 1.50 UvKv 45.00 BDwiqv 4 †KwR 20 UvKv 80.00 wU. Gm. wc 2 †KwR 25 UvKv 50.00 m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ 15 †KwR 35 UvKv 525.00 Ab¨vb¨ Ñ 70.00 †gvU 1120

61

Av‡qi LvZ

gvQ weµq = 5 †KwR (m¤¢ve¨ aiv n‡jv) 5 x 90 = 450 UvKv| wPswo weµq = 4 †KwR (m¤¢ve¨ aiv n‡jv) 4 x 450 = 1800 UvKv| †gvU weµqK…Z UvKvi cwigvY 450+1800 = 2250 UvKv|wbU Avq = 2250 Ñ 1120 = 1130 UvKvAZGe 1 kZvsk cyKz‡i wPswo-Kvc© wgkª Pv‡li wbU jvf 1130 UvKv| hvi 20 kZ‡Ki GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q GB wnmv‡e Zvi jvf n‡e 1130 x 20 =22600 UvKv|

cÖRvwZ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g gv‡Qi Lvevi I Íi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv

cÖRvwZ‡f‡` †cvbvi gRy I NbZ¡

†cvbvi gRy NbZ¡

• GKK Pvl

• wgkª Pvl

Av‡qi LvZ

gvQ weµq = 5 †KwR (m¤¢ve¨ aiv n‡jv) 5 x 90 = 450 UvKv| wPswo weµq = 4 †KwR (m¤¢ve¨ aiv n‡jv) 4 x 450 = 1800 UvKv| †gvU weµqK…Z UvKvi cwigvY 450+1800 = 2250 UvKv|wbU Avq = 2250 Ñ 1120 = 1130 UvKvAZGe 1 kZvsk cyKz‡i wPswo-Kvc© wgkª Pv‡li wbU jvf 1130 UvKv| hvi 20 kZ‡Ki GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q GB wnmv‡e Zvi jvf n‡e 1130 x 20 =22600 UvKv|

cÖRvwZ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g gv‡Qi Lvevi I Íi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv

cÖRvwZ‡f‡` †cvbvi gRy I NbZ¡

†cvbvi gRy NbZ¡

• GKK Pvl

• wgkª Pvl

gv‡Qi cÖRvwZ cvwbi Íi cÖavb Lvevi

KvZjv, weM‡nW Dc‡ii Íi ¶z ª cÖvwYKYv, Dw™¢` KYv, cPv ˆRe c`v_© iæB,micyuwU ga¨ Íi ¶z ª cÖvwYKYv, cPv ˆRe c`v_©, ¶z`ª KxU I †kIjv

g„‡Mj wgii Kvc©/ Kgb Kvc© KvjevDk eøvK Kvc©

wbgœ Íi ¶z ª cÖvwYKYv, ˆRe c`v_©, cyKy‡ii Zjvi KxU ¶z ª cÖvwYKYv, ˆRe c`v_©, †QvU kvgyK, cyKy‡ii Zjvi KxU ¶z ª cÖvwYKYv, ˆRe c`v_©, cyKy‡ii Zjvi KxU, †kIjv kvgyK, wSbyK, KxUcZ½

MÖvm Kvc© I micuywU

mKj Íi RjR Dw™¢`, big Nvm, AvMvQv, jZvcvZv, KjwgkvK, †n‡jÂv, ¶z ª Dw™ ¢` I cªvwYKYv, ¶zw` cvbv, †Uvcv cvbv

cÖRvwZ msL¨v/kZK AvKvi (BwÂ)

micuywU 60-80wU 1-2 †Zjvwcqv 80-100wU 1-2 cv½vk 50-60wU 4-5

cÖRvwZ msL¨v/kZK AvKvi (BwÂ)

wmjfvi Kvc© 12-15wU 4-5 KvZjv 3-5wU 4-5 iæB 8-10wU 4-5 Kgb Kvc©/ wgii Kvc© 4-6wU 3-4 g„‡Mj 3-5wU 4-5 micuywU 12-14wU 2-3 MÖvm Kvc© 3-5wU 5-7 †gvU 45-60wU Ñ

62

wgkÖ Pv‡l Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve (cÖwZ Drcv`b Pµ/kZvsk)

e¨‡qi LvZ

Av‡qi LvZ

gvQ weµq = 15 †KwR (m¤¢ve¨ aiv n‡jv) 15 x 90 = 1350 UvKv| wbU Avq = (1350-855) = 495.00 UvKv| AZGe GK kZvsk cyKz‡i wgkªPv‡l wbU jvf = 495.00 UvKv|(cyKz‡ii wjR g~j¨, F‡Yi my Ges wb‡Ri cvwikªwgK ev‡`|)hvi 20 kZvs‡ki GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q GB wnmv‡e Zvi jvf n‡e (495 x 20) = 9900 UvKv|

gv‡Qi †ivM eë ’vcbv

†iv‡Mi KviY

• cvwbi ~wlZ cwi‡ek • AwZwi³ gv‡Qi gRy NbZ¡ • AZ¨waK mvi cÖ‡qvM • cyKz‡i evB‡ii cvwbi cÖ‡ek • cyKz‡ii Zjvi cPv ˆRe c`v_© I welv³ M¨vm m„wó • AZ¨waK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM • cyKz‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †ivMRxevYy Xy‡K †hgb Ñ e¨vK‡Uwiqv, dv½vm, †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv BZ¨vw`

†iv‡Mi cÖfve

• gv‡Qi ¯vfvweK Pjv‡div eÜ n‡q hvq • gvQ cvwbi Ici †f‡m Lvwe Lvq • gv‡Qi dyjKvi ¯vfvweK is bó n‡q hvq • †`‡ni Dci jvj/Kv‡jv/mv`v `vM c‡o • gvQ Kg Lvq ev LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`q • gv‡Qi Mv‡qi wcw”Qj weRj _v‡K bv • gvQ †Kv‡bv wKQyi mv‡_ Mv Nm‡Z _v‡K • gv‡Qi †`n LmL‡m n‡q hvq • `je×fv‡e Pjv‡div K‡i bv

†ivM cªwZ‡iv‡ai mnR c`‡¶c

1. cyKzi wbqwgZ ïwK‡q Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| 2. wbqwgZ mvi cÖ‡qv‡M cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï †RvMvb wVK _v‡K| 3. †Kv‡bv Ae ’v‡ZB AwZwi³ †cvbv gRy Kiv hv‡e bv 4. evB‡ii AevwÂZ cÖvYx ev cvwb cyKz‡i XyK‡Z †`qv hv‡e bv| 5. mv‡ii cvkvcvwk cyKz‡i wKQy m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv fv‡jv| 6. cyKzi cv‡o eo ai‡bi MvQcvjv ivLv hv‡e bv| 7. cyKz‡ii Zjvq AwZwi³ Kv`v ivLv hv‡e bv| 8. gvQ‡K Lye †ewk nvZ w`‡q bvovPvov Kiv hv‡e bv|

(†iv‡Mi wPwKrmvi †P‡q †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaB me‡P‡q fv‡jv|)

wgkÖ Pv‡l Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve (cÖwZ Drcv`b Pµ/kZvsk)

e¨‡qi LvZ

Av‡qi LvZ

gvQ weµq = 15 †KwR (m¤¢ve¨ aiv n‡jv) 15 x 90 = 1350 UvKv| wbU Avq = (1350-855) = 495.00 UvKv| AZGe GK kZvsk cyKz‡i wgkªPv‡l wbU jvf = 495.00 UvKv|(cyKz‡ii wjR g~j¨, F‡Yi my Ges wb‡Ri cvwikªwgK ev‡`|)hvi 20 kZvs‡ki GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q GB wnmv‡e Zvi jvf n‡e (495 x 20) = 9900 UvKv|

gv‡Qi †ivM eë ’vcbv

†iv‡Mi KviY

• cvwbi ~wlZ cwi‡ek • AwZwi³ gv‡Qi gRy NbZ¡ • AZ¨waK mvi cÖ‡qvM • cyKz‡i evB‡ii cvwbi cÖ‡ek • cyKz‡ii Zjvi cPv ˆRe c`v_© I welv³ M¨vm m„wó • AZ¨waK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM • cyKz‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †ivMRxevYy Xy‡K †hgb Ñ e¨vK‡Uwiqv, dv½vm, †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv BZ¨vw`

†iv‡Mi cÖfve

• gv‡Qi ¯vfvweK Pjv‡div eÜ n‡q hvq • gvQ cvwbi Ici †f‡m Lvwe Lvq • gv‡Qi dyjKvi ¯vfvweK is bó n‡q hvq • †`‡ni Dci jvj/Kv‡jv/mv`v `vM c‡o • gvQ Kg Lvq ev LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`q • gv‡Qi Mv‡qi wcw”Qj weRj _v‡K bv • gvQ †Kv‡bv wKQyi mv‡_ Mv Nm‡Z _v‡K • gv‡Qi †`n LmL‡m n‡q hvq • `je×fv‡e Pjv‡div K‡i bv

†ivM cªwZ‡iv‡ai mnR c`‡¶c

1. cyKzi wbqwgZ ïwK‡q Pzb w`‡Z n‡e| 2. wbqwgZ mvi cÖ‡qv‡M cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï †RvMvb wVK _v‡K| 3. †Kv‡bv Ae ’v‡ZB AwZwi³ †cvbv gRy Kiv hv‡e bv 4. evB‡ii AevwÂZ cÖvYx ev cvwb cyKz‡i XyK‡Z †`qv hv‡e bv| 5. mv‡ii cvkvcvwk cyKz‡i wKQy m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv fv‡jv| 6. cyKzi cv‡o eo ai‡bi MvQcvjv ivLv hv‡e bv| 7. cyKz‡ii Zjvq AwZwi³ Kv`v ivLv hv‡e bv| 8. gvQ‡K Lye †ewk nvZ w`‡q bvovPvov Kiv hv‡e bv|

(†iv‡Mi wPwKrmvi †P‡q †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaB me‡P‡q fv‡jv|)

ZvwiL DcKiY cwigvY ì g~j¨

†iv‡Ubb 100 MÖvg 350 UvKv 35.00 Pzb 1.5 †KwR 14 UvKv 21.00 †cvbv 50wU 3 UvKv 150.00 ˆRe mvi 30 †KwR 1.5 UvKv 45.00 BDwiqv 4 †KwR 20 UvKv 80.00 wU. Gm. wc 2 †KwR 22 UvKv 44.00 m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ 15 †KwR 30 UvKv 450.00 Ab¨vb¨ Ñ 30 UvKv 30.00 †gvU 855.00

63

cÖKí / eëmvi cwiKíbvi QK

µwgK

bs

KvR/weeiY †Kv_vq KLb wKfv‡e †K Ki‡e

m¤¢ve¨

ev‡RU

64

Strengthening Women’s Ability for Produc�ve New Opportuni�es (SWAPNO)Drcv`bkxj I m¤¢vebvgq K‡g©i my‡hvM MÖn‡Y bvixi mvg_©¨ Dbœqb cÖKí

KuvKov I gvQ Pvl cÖwkÿY cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡ì `¶Zv g~j¨vqb dig (cÖwk¶K c~iY Ki‡eb)

cÖwk¶Yv_x©i bvg ----------------------------------------------------------------------

cÖwk¶‡Ki bvg ----------------------------------------------------------------------- cÖwk¶Y ’vb ------------------------------------------------------------------------- cÖwk¶Y †gqv`Kvj : cvidig¨vÝ †U‡÷i ZvwiL :

Performance rating (gvb eÈb): Lye fv‡jv (80-100), fv‡jv (80- 60), †gvUvgywU (59-40) ye©j (40 Gi wb‡P)

------------------------- -------------------- cÖwk¶‡Ki bvg I ¯v¶i ZvwiL

AbyMÖn K‡i e‡· mwVK b¤î w`b|

1. gvQ I KuvKov Pv‡li ¸iæZ¡? 05

2. KuvKov †gvUv ZvRvKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡? 05

3. gvQ I KuvKovi †cvbv wPwýZKiY? 10

4. gvQ I KuvKov Pv‡l cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKiY? 10

5. KuvKov I gv‡Qi m¤ú~iK Lvevi ˆZwii Dcv`vb? 15

6. gvQ I KuvKovi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vcbv? 10

7. KuvKov †gvUv ZvRvKi‡Yi wbqgvejx? 10

8. gvQ I KuvKov eëmvi evRvi wPwýZKiY? 10

9. gvQ I KuvKov eëmvi jvf ÿwZi mnR wnmve? 15

10. gvQ I KuvKov Pv‡l wbivcËv welq? 10

cÖwkÿYv_x© mdjfv‡e `ÿZv Dbœqbg~jK cÖwkÿY †kl K‡i‡Qb Ges KvwiMwifv‡e DËxY©/AbyËxY© (mwVK ’v‡b wUK wPý w`b)

65

†÷

ªs‡`wbs DB‡gbm& G

wewjwU d

i †cÖvWvw±f wbD A

ciPzwbwUm& (¯cœ) cÖK

í

cÖwk¶

Y K

g©m~wP g~j¨vqb d

g©

SWAPNOStrengthening Women’s Ability for Produc�ve New Opportuni�es Project

Project Office:Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) Bhaban

8th floor, Kakrail, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

www.swapno-bd.org

Documents

Ò¯^cœ cÖK‡íÓ MÖvgxY miKvwi AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿ‡bi mv‡ RwoZ · 2.LuvPvi wfZi gvQ Pvl cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg- AvBGjI Ges BDGbwWwci w¯‹j †Uªwbs A¨vÛ G¨vgcøq‡g›U