Carlo Fornaini JeanPaul Rocca

officina editoriale oltrarno

With the contribution of:

Yves Allard, Christophe Augros, Nathalie Brulat, Giovanni Fornaini, Frederick Gaultier,

Jasmine Kozarev, Giuseppe Lagori, Leonardo Longo, Patrick Mahler, Etienne Medioni,

Elisabetta Merigo, Samir Nammour, Gerard Navarro, Paolo Vescovi

ORAL LASEROLOGY

EDlearning

Carlo Fornaini • Jean-Paul Rocca

ORAL LASEROLOGYcontributors:

Yves Allard, Christophe Augros, Marie-Eve Bezzina, Nathalie Brulat, Annamaria Cucinotta, Reza Fekrazad, Giovanni Fornaini, Frederick Gaultier, Katayoun Kahlori, Jasmina Kozarev, Giuseppe Lagori, Leonardo Longo, Patrick Mahler, Maddalena Manfredi, Etienne Medioni, Marco Meleti, Elisabetta Merigo, Gerard Navarro, Francesca Passaretti, Stefano Selleri, Paolo Vescovi

1st edition

http://www.medimond.com/proceedings/moreinfo/87729375.htm ISBN 978-88-87729-37-5

Carlo Fornaini is Professor of the Dental School and Coordinator of the EMDOLA Master at University of Parma. Researcher in the Micoralis Laboratory and Coordinator of DUOLA Diploma at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Nice.Researcher in the Group of Applied ElectroMagnetic at the Information Engineering Department of the University of Parma. Visiting Professor at the Universities of Vilnius and Buenos Aires.Author of more than 120 publications in the field of Laser Dentistry (50 listed in PubMed) and Member of the Editorial Board of 8 International Journals. VicePresident of SILO and Secretary of CENALOS.President of the International Laser Dentistry Master Academy and Past President of the International PhotoTherapy Association.

Jean-Paul Rocca is Professor Emeritus at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice.Past-Director of «Laser Technology and Oral Environment Research Laboratory (TELEO) and actually Board member of the Micoralis Research Laboratory.Director of DUOLA Diploma.Former Dean of the Dental Faculty in Nice.Author and co-author of more than 200 publications (90 listed in Medline PubMed).President of the International Phototherapy AssociationPast-President of the World Federation Laser Dentistry.Honorary President of CENALOS.

This excellent and comprehensive volume, “Oral Laserology” by Professors Carlo Fornaini and Jean-Paul Rocca takes the reader through a range of dental indications for the laser. The 12 chapters provide an interesting, informative and authoritative overview of the use of laser in this very important anatomical zone, and how this pure light energy can help to maintain, and to restore, oral health.

Toshio Ohshiro Founder and Editor-in-Chief of LASER THERAPY Secretary General of World Federation of Society for Laser Medicine Surgery: WFSLMS Past President of International Society for Laser Surgery and Medicine: ISLSM Founder of The International License System: ILLiS

Carlo Fornaini • Jean-Paul Rocca

ORAL LASEROLOGY

contributors:

Yves Allard, Christophe Augros, Marie-Eve Bezzina, Nathalie Brulat, Annamaria Cucinotta, Reza Fekrazad, Giovanni Fornaini, Frederick Gaultier, Katayoun Kahlori, Jasmina Kozarev, Giuseppe Lagori, Leonardo Longo, Patrick Mahler, Maddalena Manfredi,Etienne Medioni, Marco Meleti, Elisabetta Merigo, Gerard Navarro, Francesca Passaretti, Stefano Selleri, Paolo Vescovi

EDlearning

1st edition

Il presente volume è edito daEditografica s.r.l.via G. Verdi, 1540067 Rastignano, Bolognawww.editografica.com

ISBN 978-88-87729-37-5Tutti i diritti sono riservati

Stampato nel mese di novembre 2015presso Editografica s.r.l.Rastignano, Bologna

V

Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................. pag. vii

Preface ................................................................................................. » ix

Chapter 1. Laser Physics, Laser-Tissues Interactions and Laser Safety .. » 1Selleri Stefano, Fornaini Carlo, Cucinotta Annamaria

Chapter 2. Laser and Conservative Dentistry ...................................... » 21Brulat Nathalie, Fornaini Carlo, Rocca Jean-Paul

Chapter 3. Laser and Endodontics ....................................................... » 69Medioni Etienne, Fornaini Carlo, Rocca Jean-Paul

Chapter 4. Laser and Periodontics ....................................................... » 103Navarro Gerard, Bezzina Marie-Eve, Gaultier Frederick

Chapter 5. Laser and Oral Soft Tissue Surgery ................................... » 127Meleti Marco, Rocca Jean-Paul, Manfredi Maddalena

Chapter 6. Laser and Oral Bone Surgery ............................................ » 163Vescovi Paolo, Fornaini Carlo, Rocca Jean-Paul

Chapter 7. Laser and Prosthetics ......................................................... » 199Mahler Patrick, Allard Yves, Rocca Jean-Paul

Chapter 8. Laser and Welding ............................................................. » 225Fornaini Carlo, Passaretti Francesca, Fornaini Giovanni

Chapter 9. Laser and Orthodontics ..................................................... » 267Fekrazad Reza, Kalhori Katayoun, Fornaini Carlo

Chapter 10. Laser and Biostimulation ................................................ » 333Merigo Elisabetta, Longo Leonardo, Rocca Jean-Paul

Chapter 11. Laser and Dental Bleaching ............................................ » 359Lagori Giuseppe, Augros Christophe, Fornaini Carlo

Chapter 12. Laser and Perioral Tissues ............................................... » 387Kozarev Jasmina, Rocca Jean-Paul, Fornaini Carlo

VII

Foreword

As recently as 30 years ago, the degree of dentition retained in the elderly was surprisingly low, but was taken for granted as an inevitable result of ageing. However, around the same time, an increasing awareness of the importance of retaining as many opposing teeth as possible to the general quality of life of the elderly started to gain attention among orthodontists, and the concept of “Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)” has continued to become more and more important. With the ageing of society worldwide, OHRQoL has become even more increasingly central to the general well-being of not just the elderly, but indeed all age groups. Many manuscripts can be found on this subject in the literature, and not just discussing the benefits to the gen-eral quality of life, but also regarding the relationship between retained den-tition and mental health: therefore, currently, to mens sana in corpore sano, has been added the motto, mens sana cum ore sano, “a healthy mind with a healthy mouth”. In addition to the medical reasons for minimising tooth loss, more patients are now also concerned about the aesthetics of their dentition, and there is no doubt that having a good set of well- cared for teeth is an important cosmetic asset, in addition to being necessary for continued good overall health.

The field of dentistry and dental health was a comparatively slow beginner compared to ophthalmology, dermatology and other specialties as far as the use of the laser was concerned, but the field has caught up with others, and the laser is now routinely used in the oral cavity for both curative and preven-tive purposes, thanks to the development of new delivery systems to get the light into the oral cavity, and new wavelengths that have excellent laser/tissue interaction for both soft and hard tissue. Low level laser therapy, and with the introduction of clinically useful light-emitting diodes (LEDs), low level light therapy, both under the acronym of LLLT, also offer benefits from the standpoint of pain attenuation, repair of neural damage, wound healing post extraction and enhanced osseointegration, for example between implants and the mandibular bone. At the molecular level, it has been demonstrated that

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Oral Laserology

near-infrared LLLT can upregulate osteoblast activity. It is a fast-expanding and exciting field.

This excellent and comprehensive volume, “Oral Laserology” by Profes-sors Carlo Fornaini and Jean-Paul Rocca takes the reader through a range of dental indications for the laser. The 12 chapters provide an interesting, infor-mative and authoritative overview of the use of laser in this very important anatomical zone, and how this pure light energy can help to maintain, and to restore, oral health. It is my very great pleasure to be able to recommend this book heartily to the reader. In my 4 decades of photosurgical and photothera-peutic practice I have always been a great believer in the duality of Light and Life: this first class book furthers my ideology, and is especially welcome in 2015, the International Year of Light as set by the United Nations.

Toshio OhshiroFounder and Editor-in-Chief of LASER THERAPY

Secretary General of World Federation of Society for Laser Medicine Surgery: WFSLMS

Past President of International Society for Laser Surgery and Medicine: ISLSM

Founder of The International License System: ILLiS

IX

Preface

Oral laser therapy has evolved into a sophisticated science and it’s quite a chal-lenge to write a book on this matter because it is requested to deliver knowl-edge without retaining information, with an independent spirit and intellectual honesty, knowing that a critical approach deserves to be developed and that the evolution is permanent. The lessons, oral communications heard at conven-tions for instance, publications and experiments are done to enrich our knowl-edge: the role of those who dedicate themselves to research consists in validat-ing protocols. In order to avoid risks, multi-centric studies and collaborations are necessary, in our opinion, to solve problems. In fact, they are the only ones that have a large number of observations and critical spirit, once again, is enriched by these confrontations. In plain language, it is useless to try to be the best in our “small corner” when it is possible to gather and then harmonize ideas. With our European and non-European colleagues, this is the message we would like to transmit: let’s not be afraid of others any longer and let’s accept that we must open our minds to giving and receiving.

What has been proven (ex vivo and in vitro experiments) and then displayed (clinical applications) in this work is the fruit of roughly fifteen years of collegiate experience, and the authors wished to unit university lecturers and researchers of different nationalities, all of whom being recognized for their expertise.

Thus, it is the ambition of this work to address not only dental practitioners but also all those who wish to perfect their knowledge and to approach with prudence but also great satisfaction the range of applications in the different disciplines within Odontology.

It is this objective that has made us choose not to study the applications of each of the lasers that can be applied to one discipline separately but rather to look at the wavelengths that can be utilized within oral disciplines.

We hope that this work will allow you to approach this technology with the enthusiasm that has always been ours.

Carlo Fornaini Jean-Paul RoccaParma - Nice, 2016

XI

Contributors

Yves Allard, DDS, PhDAssociate Professor, Head of Prosthetics Dept.Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice (France)

Christophe Augros, DDS, MScAttaché Universitaire de Recherche, University Hospital “S. Roch” Nice (France)Lecturer of DUOLA, University of Nice (France)

Marie-Eve Bezzina, DDS, MScLecturer of DUOLA, University of Nice (France)

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Oral Laserology

Nathalie Brulat, DDS, PhDAssistant Professor, University and University Hospital “St.Roch” of Nice (France).Scientific Director of DUOLA, University of Nice (France)

Annamaria Cucinotta, PhDAssociate Professor, Information Engineering Department, University of Parma (Italy)

Reza Fekrazad, DDS, PhDAssociate Professor, University of Teheran (Iran)President of Iranian Medical Laser Association

Giovanni FornainiDental Technician Degree

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Contributors

Frederick Gaultier, DDS, PhDAssociate Professor, University René Descartes - Paris 5 (France)Director of the Master in Implantology, University René Descartes - Paris 5 (France)

Katayoun A.M. Kalhori, DDS, PhDAssistant Professor, University of Teheran (Iran)

Jasmina Kozarev, MD, PhDVisiting Professor, Sharjah University, (UAE)

Giuseppe Lagori, DDS, MScTutor of the EMDOLA Master, University of Parma (Italy)

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Oral Laserology

Leonardo Longo, MDTeacher at the Universities of S. Marino and Siena.Visiting Professor at the University of Bethesda and Vanderbilt (USA), Czeske Budejovice (Czech Republic) and Vilnius (Lituania).Chairman of Laserflorence.

Patrick Mahler, DDS, PhDFull professor, Anatomy Dept. University of Nice (France)

Maddalena Manfredi, DDS, PhDAssociate Professor, Dental School, University of Parma (Italy)Coordinator of EMDOLA Master, University of Parma (Italy)

Etienne Medioni, DDS, PhDFull Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice (France)Head of The Dental Service of The University Hospital “S. Roch” Nice (France)

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Contributors

Marco Meleti, DDS, PhDC. Professor, Dental School, University of ParmaCoordinator of EMDOLA Master, University of Parma (Italy)

Elisabetta Merigo, DDS, MScAssistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice (France)Coordinator and Teacher, EMDOLA Master, University of Parma (Italy)

Gerard Navarro, DDS, MScTeacher at DUOLA, University of Nice (France)President of Dental Laser Academy

Francesca Passaretti, PhDAssistant Professor, CNR (Italy)Head of the Istituto per la Energetica e le Interfasi (IENI), CNR, Unit of Lecco (Italy)

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Oral Laserology

Stefano Selleri, PhDFull Professor, Head of the Dept of Information Engineering, University of Parma (Italy)

Paolo Vescovi, DDS, MScAssociate Professor, Director of the EMDOLA Master, University of Parma (Italy)

Gianfranco AsveriHe is one of the most important italian living painters.He received many awards, participated to many exhibitions and… painted the cover of this book.(Gianfranco is that in the right!)

Aknowledgments to dr. Omid H Muhammad and dr. Ahmed El Gamal for their technical assistance