“Le réchauffement du système climatique est sans équivoque et, depuis les années 1950, beaucoup de changements observés sont sans précédent
depuis des décennies voire des millénaires. L’atmosphère et l’océan se sont réchauffés, la couverture de neige et de glace a diminué, le
niveau des mers s’est élevé et les concentrations des gaz à effet de serre ont augmenté.”
Résumé à l’intention des décideurs – 5e Rapport d’évaluation du GIEC
3
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Commentaires de présentation
SPM 1.1 Observed changes in the climate system GIEC, 2013: Résumé à l’intention des décideurs, Changements climatiques 2013: Les éléments scientifiques. Contribution du Groupe de travail I au cinquième Rapport d’évaluation du Groupe d’experts intergouvernementalsur l’évolution du climat [sous la direction de Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex et P.M. Midgley]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Royaume-Uni et New York (État de New York), États-Unis d’Amérique IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
1. Atmosphère. Anomalies de températures (°C) relatives à la période 1961-1990
GIEC (2013) 4
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a) Anomalies observées de températures moyennes en surface, combinant les terres émergées et les océans, de 1850 à 2012, tirées de trois ensembles de données. Partie supérieure: valeurs moyennes annuelles. Les anomalies sont relatives à la moyenne sur la période 1961−1990. IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
2. Océan. Le réchauffement océanique constitue l’essentiel de l’augmentation de la quantité d’énergie emmagasinée au sein du système climatique et représente plus de 90 % de l’énergie accumulée entre 1971 et 2010.
Les courbes de couleur représentant différents ensembles de données
1022 J
1970
GIEC (2013) 5
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c) évolution de la moyenne globale du contenu thermique de l’océan superficiel (0-700 m) aligné par rapport à 2006-2010, et par rapport à la moyenne de tous les ensembles de données pour 1970; IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
3. Cryosphère. La masse des calottes glaciaires du Groenland et del’Antarctique a diminué, les glaciers de presque toutes les régions du globe ont continué à se réduire et l’étendue de la banquise arctique et celle du manteau neigeux de l’hémisphère Nord au printemps ont continué à diminuer
Étendue de la banquise arctique en été
GIEC (2013) 6
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Commentaires de présentation
b) étendue moyenne de la banquise arctique en juillet-août-septembre (été); IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
4. Niveau des mers. Depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle, le rythme d’élévation du niveau moyen des mers est supérieur au rythme moyen des deux derniers millénaires. Entre 1901 et 2010, le niveau moyen des mers à l’échelle du globe s’est élevé de 0,19 m.
Évolution du niveau moyen des mers (mm)
GIEC (2013) 7
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d) niveau moyen des mers par rapport à la moyenne 1900-1905 de l’ensemble de données le plus long, avec tous les ensembles de données alignés par rapport à 1993 (la première année de données d’altimétrie par satellites). IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
5. Cycle du carbone et autres cycles biogéochimiques. Les concentrations atmosphériques de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), de méthane (CH4) et de protoxyde d’azote (N2O) ont augmenté pour atteindre des niveaux sans précédent depuis au moins 800 000 ans.
CO2 atmosphérique
CO2 (ppm)
GIEC (2013)
Juillet 2015: 398.17 ppm
NOAA (2015) 8
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Commentaires de présentation
Indicateur observé décrivant les changements affectant le cycle du carbone global: a) mesures des concentrations atmosphériques de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) effectuées à Mauna Loa (19° 32 ‘N, 155° 34’ O – en rouge) et au pôle Sud (89° 59’ S, 24° 48’ O – en noir) depuis 1958; IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/global.html
IPCC (2014)
Concentrations des principaux GES(moyennes globales)
ppb: parts per billionppm: parts per million
9
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Commentaires de présentation
Atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2, green), methane (CH4, orange) and nitrous oxide (N2O, red) determined from ice core data (dots) and from direct atmospheric measurements (lines). IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
IPCC (2014)
Emissions globales annuelles de CO2 anthropiques
Note: Quantitative information of CH4 and N2O emission time series from 1850 to 1970 is limited
10
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Commentaires de présentation
IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
IPCC (2014)
Gt CO2 = Giga tonnes de CO2Milliard (109) de tonnes
Emissions globales cummulées de CO2 anthropiques
11
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IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
2. Facteurs du changement climatique
The cause–effect chain from emissions to climate change and impacts
IPCC (2013)
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Commentaires de présentation
Figure 8.27 | The cause–effect chain from emissions to climate change and impacts showing how metrics can be defined to estimate responses to emissions (left) and for development of multi-component mitigation (right). The relevance of the various effects increases downwards but at the same time the uncertainty also increases. The dotted line on the left indicates that effects and impacts can be estimated directly from emissions, while the arrows on the right side indicate how these estimates can be used in development of strategies for reducing emissions. (Adapted from Fuglestvedt et al., 2003, and Plattner et al., 2009.) Chapter 8 Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing (p. 710 or 726/1552) IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
Facteurs du changement climatique
Le forçage radiatif total est positif et a conduit à une absorption nette d’énergie par le système climatique. La plus grande contribution à ce forçage radiatif provient de l’augmentation de la teneur de l’atmosphère en CO2 depuis 1750.
Les substances et processus naturels et anthropiques qui modifient le bilan énergétique de la Terre sont des facteurs qui provoquent le changement climatique. Le forçage radiatif (FR) quantifie le changement des flux énergétiques dû à l’évolution de ces facteurs en 2011 relativement à 1750. Un FR positif entraîne un réchauffement de la surface, tandis qu’un FR négatif provoque un refroidissement de la surface
GIEC (2013) 14
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Commentaires de présentation
IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
Potentiel de réchauffement globalGlobal Warming Potential (GWP)with climate–carbon feedbacks
GES Horizon temporel (ans) GWP20 GWP100
CO2- 1 1
CH4 12.4 86 34
N2O 121.0 268 298
A direct interpretation is that the GWP is an index of the total energy added to the climate system by a component in question relative to that added by CO2
IPCC (2013)
Note: GWP in current national GHG inventories are based on GWP100 and on previous IPCC values (from the 2007 4th assessment report). The GWP for CH4 in 2013 national GHG inventories was 25, up from 21 in previous inventories.
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Commentaires de présentation
«Le potentiel de réchauffement global se fonde sur le forçage radiatif cumulé sur une période correspondant à un certain horizon temporel» Table 8.7 | GWP and GTP with and without inclusion of climate–carbon feedbacks (cc fb) in response to emissions of the indicated non-CO2 gases (climate-carbon feedbacks in response to the reference gas CO2 are always included). Chapter 8 Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing (p. 714 or 730/1552) IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp. EPA (2015) Understanding Global Warming Potentials http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gwps.html
3. Impacts des changements climatiques
IPCC (2014)
Nombreux impacts
19
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Commentaires de présentation
Figure SPM.4 | Based on the available scientific literature since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), there are substantially more impacts in recent decades now attributed to climate change. Attribution requires defined scientific evidence on the role of climate change. Absence from the map of additional impacts attributed to climate change does not imply that such impacts have not occurred. The publications supporting attributed impacts reflect a growing knowledge base, but publications are still limited for many regions, systems and processes, highlighting gaps in data and studies. Symbols indicate categories of attributed impacts, the relative contribution of climate change (major or minor) to the observed impact and confidence in attribution. Each symbol refers to one or more entries in WGII Table SPM.A1, grouping related regional-scale impacts. Numbers in ovals indicate regional totals of climate change publications from 2001 to 2010, based on the Scopus bibliographic database for publications in English with individual countries mentioned in title, abstract or key words (as of July 2011). These numbers provide an overall measure of the available scientific literature on climate change across regions; they do not indicate the number of publications supporting attribution of climate change impacts in each region. Studies for polar regions and small islands are grouped with neighbouring continental regions. The inclusion of publications for assessment of attribution followed IPCC scientific evidence criteria defined in WGII Chapter 18. Publications considered in the attribution analyses come from a broader range of literature assessed in the WGII AR5. See WGII Table SPM.A1 for descriptions of the attributed impacts. {Figure 1.11} p. 7 or 23/167 IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
IPCC (2014)
Widespread impacts attributed to climate change
Filled symbols = Major contribution of climate change20
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Commentaires de présentation
Figure SPM.4 | Based on the available scientific literature since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), there are substantially more impacts in recent decades now attributed to climate change. Attribution requires defined scientific evidence on the role of climate change. Absence from the map of additional impacts attributed to climate change does not imply that such impacts have not occurred. The publications supporting attributed impacts reflect a growing knowledge base, but publications are still limited for many regions, systems and processes, highlighting gaps in data and studies. Symbols indicate categories of attributed impacts, the relative contribution of climate change (major or minor) to the observed impact and confidence in attribution. Each symbol refers to one or more entries in WGII Table SPM.A1, grouping related regional-scale impacts. Numbers in ovals indicate regional totals of climate change publications from 2001 to 2010, based on the Scopus bibliographic database for publications in English with individual countries mentioned in title, abstract or key words (as of July 2011). These numbers provide an overall measure of the available scientific literature on climate change across regions; they do not indicate the number of publications supporting attribution of climate change impacts in each region. Studies for polar regions and small islands are grouped with neighbouring continental regions. The inclusion of publications for assessment of attribution followed IPCC scientific evidence criteria defined in WGII Chapter 18. Publications considered in the attribution analyses come from a broader range of literature assessed in the WGII AR5. See WGII Table SPM.A1 for descriptions of the attributed impacts. {Figure 1.11} p. 7 or 23/167 IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
IPCC (2014)
Impacts attributed to climate change
Regional totals of climate change publications from 2001 to 201021
Présentateur
Commentaires de présentation
Figure SPM.4 | Based on the available scientific literature since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), there are substantially more impacts in recent decades now attributed to climate change. Attribution requires defined scientific evidence on the role of climate change. Absence from the map of additional impacts attributed to climate change does not imply that such impacts have not occurred. The publications supporting attributed impacts reflect a growing knowledge base, but publications are still limited for many regions, systems and processes, highlighting gaps in data and studies. Symbols indicate categories of attributed impacts, the relative contribution of climate change (major or minor) to the observed impact and confidence in attribution. Each symbol refers to one or more entries in WGII Table SPM.A1, grouping related regional-scale impacts. Numbers in ovals indicate regional totals of climate change publications from 2001 to 2010, based on the Scopus bibliographic database for publications in English with individual countries mentioned in title, abstract or key words (as of July 2011). These numbers provide an overall measure of the available scientific literature on climate change across regions; they do not indicate the number of publications supporting attribution of climate change impacts in each region. Studies for polar regions and small islands are grouped with neighbouring continental regions. The inclusion of publications for assessment of attribution followed IPCC scientific evidence criteria defined in WGII Chapter 18. Publications considered in the attribution analyses come from a broader range of literature assessed in the WGII AR5. See WGII Table SPM.A1 for descriptions of the attributed impacts. {Figure 1.11} p. 7 or 23/167 IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
IPCC (2013)
Évolution de la température moyenne à la surface du globe
Séries chronologiques simulées à partir de plusieurs modèles CMIP5 de 1950 à 2100 pour: a) l’évolution de la température annuelle moyenne du globe en surface par rapport à la période 1986-2005 IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
IPCC (2013)
pH
pH de la surface de l’océan à l’échelle mondiale
23
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Commentaires de présentation
c) le pH moyen de la surface de l’océan à l’échelle mondiale. Les séries chronologiques des projections et une mesure de l’incertitude (parties ombrées) sont présentées pour les scénarios RCP2,6 (en bleu) et RCP8,5 (en rouge). Le noir (couleur grise) représente l’évolution historique modélisée à l’aide des forçages historiques reconstruits. Les moyennes et incertitudes associées sur la période 2081-2100 sont fournies pour tous les scénarios RCP sous forme de bandes verticales de couleur. Le nombre de modèles CMIP5 utilisés pour calculer la moyenne multimodèle est indiqué. IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
4. Trajectoires d’émissions et émissions au Canada & Québec
IPCC (2014)
Émissions annuelles de CO2 anthropiques
35
25
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Commentaires de présentation
Figure SPM.5 | (a) Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) alone in the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (lines) and the associated scenario categories used in WGIII (coloured areas show 5 to 95% range). The WGIII scenario categories summarize the wide range of emission scenarios published in the scientific literature and are defined on the basis of CO2-eq concentration levels (in ppm) in 2100. The time series of other greenhouse gas emissions are shown in Box 2.2, Figure 1. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. p. 9 (25/167) http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
Total des émissions de CO2 anthropiques cumulées depuis 1870 (GtCO2)
GIEC (2013) 26
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Commentaires de présentation
IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm#.Uo-LHuJE3nh
IPCC (2014)
Émissions annuelles de GES anthropiques 1970–2010
Note: Quantitative information of CH4 and N2O emission time series from 1850 to 1970 is limited
FOLU: Forestry and Other Land Use27
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Figure SPM.2 | Total annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (gigatonne of CO2-equivalent per year, GtCO2-eq/yr) for the period 1970 to 2010 by gases: CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes; CO2 from Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU); methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); fluorinated gases covered under the Kyoto Protocol (F-gases). Right hand side shows 2010 emissions, using alternatively CO2-equivalent emission weightings based on IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR) and AR5 values. Unless otherwise stated, CO2-equivalent emissions in this report include the basket of Kyoto gases (CO2, CH4, N2O as well as F-gases) calculated based on 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP100) values from the SAR (see Glossary). Using the most recent GWP100 values from the AR5 (right-hand bars) would result in higher total annual GHG emissions (52 GtCO2-eq/yr) from an increased contribution of methane, but does not change the long-term trend significantly. {Figure 1.6, Box 3.2} IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. http://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ http://www.ipcc.ch
2009 CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy (with change since 2005)
29
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Commentaires de présentation
An atlas of pollution: the world in carbon dioxide emissions http://www.e-missionneutral.com/en/content/7-communication/50-emission-news/858-an-atlas-of-pollution-the-world-in-carbon-dioxide-emissions Data source: US EIA - International Energy Statistics – Indicators – CO2 Emissions http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=90&pid=44&aid=8
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Based on 2007 data from the US EIA http://scienceblogs.com/deanscorner/wp-content/blogs.dir/451/files/2012/04/i-14835c91057432fe90d84c2cf4659318-Carbon_Footprint_Resize.jpg
Raffinage3%
Mines1%
Industries manufacturières
12%
Commercial et institutionnel
5%
Résidentiel6%
Aluminium7%
Procédés industriels (sauf aluminium)
6%
Agriculture10%
Déchets6%
Autres2%
Aviation intérieure 1%Rail 1%
Maritime intérieur 1%
Véhicules hors route6%
Transport routier33%
Transport42%
GES au Québec en 2013 (82 Mt)
-43,3%
-42,2%
-35,3%
-31,4%
-31,2%
-23,2%
-20,0%
-17,1%
-11,0%
-3,8%
1,3%
11,6%
31,1%
31,3%
54,4%
-8,0%
Résidentiel
Autres
Raffinage
Maritime intérieur
Aluminium
Déchets
Industries manufacturières
Procédés industriels (sauf aluminium)
Aviation intérieure
Commercial et institutionnel
Agriculture
Véhicules hors route
Mines
Transport routier
Rail
TotalVariations GES au Québec 1990-2013
199063,4
202050,7
203041,2
205012,7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
2019
2022
2025
2028
2031
2034
2037
2040
2043
2046
2049
Mill
ions
de
tonn
es (M
t) d
e GE
S
Péta
joul
e (P
J) -U
sage
s éne
rgét
ique
s
PPR + LGN - Non Énergie Gaz naturel
PPR+LGN (ONÉ - Scénario de prix élevé) - Non Énergie Gaz naturel (ONÉ - Scénario de bas prix)
GES Observés (PPR, LGN et gaz naturel) GES visés (-20% en 2020 et -80% en 2050 sous le niveau de 1990)
GES «prévus»
Trajectoire historique et visée - Québec
Émissions par province en 1990, en 2005 et en 2013
QC ABEnvironemement Canada (2015)
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https://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=Fr&n=18F3BB9C-1 Voir aussi http://www.ec.gc.ca/ges-ghg/default.asp?lang=Fr&n=5B59470C-1&offset=5&toc=show
État de l’énergie au Québec (2014)
Sources de données pour les GES
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) / Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques (CCNUCC ) – Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data
http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/items/3800.php
• World Resources Insitute (WRI) / Climate Data Explorer (CAIT 2.0) – Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data
