Lons'kh Økafr ifjokj }kjk vk;ksftr f'kfojksa esa dfCt;r] vEyrk] mPp o fuEu jDrpki] coklhj] vFkZjkbfVl] e/qesg] eksVkik o ân; lcaf/r xaHkhj

chekfj;ksa ds ckjsa esa fu'kqYd vk;qosZfnd o gksE;ksiSfFkd fpfdRldksa }kjk lQy ijke'kZ o lsok nh tkrh gS

Lons'kh Økafr ifjokj }kjk vk;ksftr f'kfojksa esa dfCt;r] vEyrk] mPp o fuEu jDrpki] coklhj] vFkZjkbfVl] e/qesg] eksVkik o ân; lcaf/r xaHkhj

chekfj;ksa ds ckjsa esa fu'kqYd vk;qosZfnd o gksE;ksiSfFkd fpfdRldksa }kjk lQy ijke'kZ o lsok nh tkrh gS

egf"kZ okxHkV~V th ds v"Vkax ân;e~ ds lw=kksa dks yksxksa rd igq¡pkus okys HkkbZ jktho nhf{kr th ds fopkjksa dks

lefiZr iqLrd

egf"kZ okxHkV~V th ds v"Vkax ân;e~ ds lw=kksa dks yksxksa rd igq¡pkus okys HkkbZ jktho nhf{kr th ds fopkjksa dks

lefiZr iqLrd

Lons'kh fpfdRlkLons'kh fpfdRlklg;ksx jkf'k

10/-

LoLFk o fujksxh jgus dk foKkuLoLFk o fujksxh jgus dk foKku

lq[kh thou dk vk/kkj fujksxh thoulq[kh thou dk vk/kkj fujksxh thou

Lons'kh Lons'kh fpfdRlkfpfdRlk

vej cfynkuh HkkbZ jktho nhf{kr30 uo- 1967&30 uo- 201030 uo- 1967&30 uo- 2010

Hkwfedkbl iqLrd dks fy[kus ds ihNs mn~ns'; ;g jgk gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr chekj u iM+s ,slk Kku vke tu ekul ds chp esa j[kk tk, A ^'kjhj dks tku yks] Hkkstu dks igpku yks* vkSj fQj Hkkstu dks djksa A ;gh ckr HkkbZ jktho nhf{kr th us foLrkj iwoZd le>k;h gS A

bl iqLrd esa ,slk Kku gS ftl Kku ds Åij gh vkids iwoZt pyrs Fks vkSj dHkh Hkh dSalj] 'kqxj] CyM&izS'kj] eksVkik tSls Hk;kud jksx ugha gksrs Fks vkSj ges'kk LoLFk jgrs Fks A vkt Hkh gekjs ifjokjks dks bl Kku dh cgqr t:jr gS A vr% bl iqLrd dks vo'; i<+s vkSj fopkj djs dh D;k gksuk pkfg, A

iqLrd dks fy[krs le; cgqr lko/kuh j[kh xbZ gS A vr% fQj Hkh dksbZ =kqfV jg tk;s rks gesa t:j voxr djk;s A

/U;okn !!

Lons'kh Økafr ifjokj

Hkwfedkbl iqLrd dks fy[kus ds ihNs mn~ns'; ;g jgk gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr chekj u iM+s ,slk Kku vke tu ekul ds chp esa j[kk tk, A ^'kjhj dks tku yks] Hkkstu dks igpku yks* vkSj fQj Hkkstu dks djksa A ;gh ckr HkkbZ jktho nhf{kr th us foLrkj iwoZd le>k;h gS A

bl iqLrd esa ,slk Kku gS ftl Kku ds Åij gh vkids iwoZt pyrs Fks vkSj dHkh Hkh dSalj] 'kqxj] CyM&izS'kj] eksVkik tSls Hk;kud jksx ugha gksrs Fks vkSj ges'kk LoLFk jgrs Fks A vkt Hkh gekjs ifjokjks dks bl Kku dh cgqr t:jr gS A vr% bl iqLrd dks vo'; i<+s vkSj fopkj djs dh D;k gksuk pkfg, A

iqLrd dks fy[krs le; cgqr lko/kuh j[kh xbZ gS A vr% fQj Hkh dksbZ =kqfV jg tk;s rks gesa t:j voxr djk;s A

/U;okn !!

Lons'kh Økafr ifjokj

oUnsekrje~

cafde pUnz pV~Vksikè;k;

oUnsekrje~

oUnsekrje~

oUnsekrje~

oUnsekrje~

tc rd gekjs 'kjhj esa okr] fiÙk o dQ dk ,d izkd`frd fof'k"V larqyu jgrk gS] rc rd ge chekj ugh iM+rs] ;g larqyu fcxM+us ij gh ge chekj iM+rs gS o ;fn larqyu dgha T;knk fcxM+ tk;s rks e`R;q rd gks ldrh gS] chekj gksus ds dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gS A1- Hkkstu o ikuh dk lsou izkd`frd fu;eksa ds vuqlkj u

djuk (bl xyrh ds dkj.k 'kjhj esa 80 izdkj ds okr jksx] 40 izdkj ds fiÙkjksx o 20 izdkj ds dQ jksx mRiUu gksrs gS )

2- Hkkstu fnup;kZ o ½rqp;kZ ds vuqlkj u djuk A3- fo:¼ vkgkj dk lsou A4- feykoVh nw/] ?kh] elkys] rsy bR;kfn dk lsou A5- vukt] nkys] Qy] lCth bR;kfn esa fNM+ds x;s jlk;fud [kkn] dhVuk'kd o tarquk'kd

bR;kfn dk 'kjhj esa igq¡pukA6 izkd`frd@uSlfxZd osxksa dks (Hkw[k] I;kl] eyew=k fu"dklu vkfn) jksduk A7- fodkjksa (Øks/] }s"k] Hk; vgadkj) vkfn dks iuius nsuk A

1- os ftudh mRifÙk fdlh thok.kq cSDVhfj;k] iSFkkstu] ok;jl] Qaxl vkfn ls gksrh gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ & {k; jksx (Vh-ch-)] Vk;QkbZM] fVVsul] eysfj;k] U;weksfu;k vkfn A bu chekfj;ksa dh rhu fo'ks"krk;sa gS &

(d) bu chekjh;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk ijh{k.kksa ls vklkuh ls yx tkrk gS A([k) D;ksafd bu chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk yx tkrk gS rks budks Bhd djus dh nok;sa

Hkh fodflr dh tk pqdh gS A(x) ;s chekfj;k¡ tYn gh LFkk;h :i ls Bhd dh tk ldrh gS A

2- os ftudh mRifr fdlh Hkh thok.kq] cSDVhfj;k] iSFkkstu] ok;jl] Qaxl vkfn ls dHkh Hkh ugha gksrh A vEyfiÙk nek xfB;k] tksM+ksa dk nnZ

chekfj;k¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gS A

mnkgj.kkFkZ & (Stomach Acidity)] (Asthma)] (Arthritis), (Cancer) (Constipation), (Diabetes)

(Heart Problems, Coronary Artery Blocking)

(Piles, Fistula) (Migrain)

ddZ jksx dCt e/qesg ] gzn; jksx ] coklhj] Hkxanj] jDrk'kZ

] vk/klhlh ] fljnnZ] izksLVsV vkfn A bu chekfj;ksa dh Hkh rhu fo'ks"krk;sa gS A(d) bu chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk ugh yx ikrk A([k) D;ksafd bu chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk ugh yx ikrk] rks budks Bhd djus dh nok Hkh

fodflr ugha dh tk ldrh A(x) buesa ls dksbZ Hkh chekjh ,d ckj gks tk;s rks ml O;fDr dks chekjh gksus ds fnu ls fprk

ij ysVus okys fnu rd vkS"kf/ ysuh iM+rh gS A blhfy, bu chekfj;ksa dks nh?kZdkyhu vlkè; jksxksa dh laKk nh xbZ gS A

tc rd gekjs 'kjhj esa okr] fiÙk o dQ dk ,d izkd`frd fof'k"V larqyu jgrk gS] rc rd ge chekj ugh iM+rs] ;g larqyu fcxM+us ij gh ge chekj iM+rs gS o ;fn larqyu dgha T;knk fcxM+ tk;s rks e`R;q rd gks ldrh gS] chekj gksus ds dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gS A1- Hkkstu o ikuh dk lsou izkd`frd fu;eksa ds vuqlkj u

djuk (bl xyrh ds dkj.k 'kjhj esa 80 izdkj ds okr jksx] 40 izdkj ds fiÙkjksx o 20 izdkj ds dQ jksx mRiUu gksrs gS )

2- Hkkstu fnup;kZ o ½rqp;kZ ds vuqlkj u djuk A3- fo:¼ vkgkj dk lsou A4- feykoVh nw/] ?kh] elkys] rsy bR;kfn dk lsou A5- vukt] nkys] Qy] lCth bR;kfn esa fNM+ds x;s jlk;fud [kkn] dhVuk'kd o tarquk'kd

bR;kfn dk 'kjhj esa igq¡pukA6 izkd`frd@uSlfxZd osxksa dks (Hkw[k] I;kl] eyew=k fu"dklu vkfn) jksduk A7- fodkjksa (Øks/] }s"k] Hk; vgadkj) vkfn dks iuius nsuk A

1- os ftudh mRifÙk fdlh thok.kq cSDVhfj;k] iSFkkstu] ok;jl] Qaxl vkfn ls gksrh gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ & {k; jksx (Vh-ch-)] Vk;QkbZM] fVVsul] eysfj;k] U;weksfu;k vkfn A bu chekfj;ksa dh rhu fo'ks"krk;sa gS &

(d) bu chekjh;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk ijh{k.kksa ls vklkuh ls yx tkrk gS A([k) D;ksafd bu chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk yx tkrk gS rks budks Bhd djus dh nok;sa

Hkh fodflr dh tk pqdh gS A(x) ;s chekfj;k¡ tYn gh LFkk;h :i ls Bhd dh tk ldrh gS A

2- os ftudh mRifr fdlh Hkh thok.kq] cSDVhfj;k] iSFkkstu] ok;jl] Qaxl vkfn ls dHkh Hkh ugha gksrh A mnkgj.kkFkZ & vEyfiÙk (Stomach Acidity)] nek (Asthma)] xfB;k] tksM+ksa dk nnZ (Arthritis), ddZ jksx (Cancer) dCt (Constipation), e/qesg (Diabetes)] gzn; jksx (Heart Problems, Coronary Artery Blocking)] coklhj] Hkxanj] jDrk'kZ (Piles, Fistula)] vk/klhlh (Migrain)] fljnnZ] izksLVsV vkfn A bu chekfj;ksa dh Hkh rhu fo'ks"krk;sa gS A(d) bu chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk ugh yx ikrk A([k) D;ksafd bu chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk ugh yx ikrk] rks budks Bhd djus dh nok Hkh

fodflr ugha dh tk ldrh A(x) buesa ls dksbZ Hkh chekjh ,d ckj gks tk;s rks ml O;fDr dks chekjh gksus ds fnu ls fprk

ij ysVus okys fnu rd vkS"kf/ ysuh iM+rh gS A blhfy, bu chekfj;ksa dks nh?kZdkyhu vlkè; jksxksa dh laKk nh xbZ gS A

chekfj;k¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gS A

ge chekj D;ksa iM+rs gS \ge chekj D;ksa iM+rs gS \

Hkkstu ds vUr esa ikuh ihukHkkstu ds vUr esa ikuh ihukfo"k ihus ds leku gS Afo"k ihus ds leku gS A

(tSls gh ge Hkkstu dk igyk VqdM+k eqg¡ esa Mkyrs gSa rks gekjs isV ds tBj Hkkx esa vfXu iznhIr gksrh gS ] mlh vfXu ds izHkko esa [kkuk iprk gS A ;fn ge [kkus ds lkFk ;k rqjUr ckn ikuh ;k dksbZ is; inkFkZ (tSls%& Qyksa dk jl] yLlh] nw/) vkfn ihrs gS rks [kkuk ipkus ds fy, iSnk gqbZ vfXu /heh iM+ tkrh gS ftlds dkj.k [kkuk vPNh rjg ugh ip ikrk o [kkuk lM+rk gS tks vusd chekfj;k¡ iSnk djrk gS A tSls gh ge Hkkstu isV esa Mkyrs gS isV rqjar Hkkstu dks ipkus ds fy;s ,flM o ikpd jl NksM+rk gS ;fn ge Hkkstu djrs le; pkSFkkbZ fxykl Hkh ikuh ih ys rks

isV dk ,flM bl ikuh ds dkj.k iryk gks tk;sxk Aikpd jl Hkh bl ikuh ds dkj.k iryk gks tk;sxk vkSj os nksuksa v/ksfyf[kr izdkj ls gekjs vkjksX; dk loZuk'k djsaxs A

,flM dks ;fn ikuh ihdj iryk uk fd;k tk;s rks ;g ,flM Hkkstu o ikuh ds }kjk gekjs isV esa igq¡ps chekjh iSnk djus okys thok.kqvksa dks ekjrk gS A 10 yk[k dh la[;k rd esa Hkh ;fn ;s thok.kq isV esa igq¡p tk;sa rks ;g ,flM mu thok.kqvksa dks ekjus dh {kerk j[krk gS ysfdu ikuh ih ysus ds dkj.k ,flM dh ;g {kerk de gks tkrh gS o chekjh iSnk gksrh gS A,flM ;fn ikuh }kjk iryk uk fd;k tk;s rks ;gh ,flM isV esa izksVhu ds igys pj.k dk ipu vFkkZr Peptide Bond dks rksM+dj tfVy izksVhu dks Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quarternary Protein esa cny nsxk vkSj ;fn izksVhu ds igys pj.k dk ipu isV esa uk gqvk rks ;g izksVhu isV ds vkxs Hkh iw.kZ :Ik ls ips fcuk gh ey cudj fudy tk;sxk o 'kjhj dks iks"kdrk ugh nsxk A ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjh ek=kk esa Hkh izksVhu (nkys] lCth] lw[kk esok vkfn) [kkus ij gekjs 'kjhj esa izksVhu dh deh jgsxh (Protein malnutritioned jgsxsa ) o gesa ges'kk Fkdku lh eglwl gksxh vkSj rktxh ugh vk;saxh A;g ,flM ;fn ikuh }kjk iryk uk fd;k tk;s rks ;g isV esa Carbohydrate ds igys pj.k dk ipu vFkkZr Polysaccharides Disaccharides esa :ikarj.k djrk gS A ;fn Corbohydrate ds igys pj.k dk ipu isV esa uk gks rks ;g Carbohydrate isV ds vkxs Hkh iw.kZ :Ik ls ips fcuk ey cudj fudy tk;sxk o 'kjhj dks iks"kdrk ugha nsxk o gesa Fkdku lh eglwl gksxh vkSj rktxh ugh vk;sxh A

;g ikuh gekjs ikpd jl dks iryk (Dilute) dj mldh lkanzrk dks ?kVk nsrk gS A ifj.kkeLo:i Carbohydrate vkSj Protein dk ipu Bhd ls ugha gks ikrk Aikuh Optimum ;kuh lcls vPNs ipu ds fy;s yxus okys 37 fMxzh ls.VhxzsM dks ?kVk nsrk gS ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkstu dk ipu Bhd ls ugh gks ikrk Aikuh Hkkstu ds fy;s yxus okys fof'k"V pH eku dks c<+k nsrk gS ftldh ot; ls ipu Bhd ls ugha gks ikrk A olk dk ipu rks isV esa gksrk gh ugha A

(1)(2)

(1) isV dk ,flM ikuh ds dkj.k iryk gks tkus ij rhu izdkj ls gkfu ig¡qpkrk gS A(d)

([k)

(x)

(2) ikpd jl Hkh bl ikuh ds dkj.k iryk gks tk;sxk o rhu izdkj ls gkfu ig¡qpk;sxk Aikpd jl Hkkstu dks rc gh Bhd ls ipkrk gS tc ikpd jl dh lkanzrk o rkieku ?kVk;s uk tk;sa o pH eku c<+k;k uk tk;sa A

(d)

([k)

(x)

Hkkstu ds vUr esa ikuh ihukHkkstu ds vUr esa ikuh ihukfo"k ihus ds leku gS Afo"k ihus ds leku gS A tgj

d ikuh [kkuk [kkus ls Ms<+ ?k.Vs ckn gh ihuk pkfg, A D;ksfd [kkuk Ms<+ ?k.Vs ckn ip dj jl esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS o ml jl dks jDr esa vo'kksf"kr gksus ds fy, ikuh dh vko';drk iM+rh gS A bl jl dk iks"k.k ikuh ds fcuk gks gh ugh ldrk A

[k [kkuk [kkus ds 48 feuV igys gh ikuh ih,a D;ksafd ikuh dks viuh lEiw.kZ fØ;k djds ew=k fiaM rd igaq¡pus esa 48 feuV dk le; yxrk gS A ;fn ge Hkkstu djus ls rqjar igys ikuh ihrs gS rks gekjs isV dk ikpd jl o vEy iryk gks tkrk gS o gekjk Hkkstu iw.kZ :i ls ugh iprk A

x losjs mBrs gh is'kkc djus ds ckn fcuk dqYyk fd, o eqg¡ /ks;s de ls de ,d nks fxykl xquxquk ikuh ;k rk¡cs ds ik=k esa j[kk ikuh ih;sa A jkr Hkj esa gekjs eq¡g esa uked rS;kj gksrk gS tks ikuh ds lkFk isV esa tkdj ikpu laLFkk dks jksxeqDr djrk gS A

lqcg mBdj eq¡g dh ykj vk¡[kksa esa yxkbZ tk ldrh gS pwafd ;g dkQh {kkfj; gksrh gS blfy, vk¡[kksa dh T;ksfr o dkys fu'kku ds fy, dkQh ykHkdkjh gksrh gS A

fdMuh esa iRFkjh uk cus blds fy, t:jh gSA fnu esa vf/d ek=kk esa ikuh ih,a o vf/drj ew=k foltZu djsa A

'kjhj ds Hkkj ds 10 osa

Hkkx dks 2 ls ?kVkus ij izkIr ek=kk ftruk ikuh ih,a A mnkgj.k % vxj Hkkj 60 fdyks gS rks mldk 10ok a Hkkx 6 gksxk vkSj mlesa ls 2 ?kVkus ij izkIr ek=kk 4 yhVj gksxh

dCt] vipu] vkfn

chekfj;ksa esa jkeck.k i¼fr gS A eksVkik de djus esa enn gksxh A

Cysozyme Antibiotic

ikuh fdruk ih,a \

vk;qosZn ds vuqlkj lw= %&

Qk;ns %

d ikuh [kkuk [kkus ls Ms<+ ?k.Vs ckn gh ihuk pkfg, A D;ksfd [kkuk Ms<+ ?k.Vs ckn ip dj jl esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS o ml jl dks jDr esa vo'kksf"kr gksus ds fy, ikuh dh vko';drk iM+rh gS A bl jl dk iks"k.k ikuh ds fcuk gks gh ugh ldrk A

[k [kkuk [kkus ds 48 feuV igys gh ikuh ih,a D;ksafd ikuh dks viuh lEiw.kZ fØ;k djds ew=k fiaM rd igaq¡pus esa 48 feuV dk le; yxrk gS A ;fn ge Hkkstu djus ls rqjar igys ikuh ihrs gS rks gekjs isV dk ikpd jl o vEy iryk gks tkrk gS o gekjk Hkkstu iw.kZ :i ls ugh iprk A

x losjs mBrs gh is'kkc djus ds ckn fcuk dqYyk fd, o eqg¡ /ks;s de ls de ,d nks fxykl xquxquk ikuh ;k rk¡cs ds ik=k esa j[kk ikuh ih;sa A jkr Hkj esa gekjs eq¡g esa Cysozyme uked Antibiotic rS;kj gksrk gS tks ikuh ds lkFk isV esa tkdj ikpu laLFkk dks jksxeqDr djrk gS A

lqcg mBdj eq¡g dh ykj vk¡[kksa esa yxkbZ tk ldrh gS pwafd ;g dkQh {kkfj; gksrh gS blfy, vk¡[kksa dh T;ksfr o dkys fu'kku ds fy, dkQh ykHkdkjh gksrh gS A

fdMuh esa iRFkjh uk cus blds fy, t:jh gSA fnu esa vf/d ek=kk esa ikuh ih,a o vf/drj ew=k foltZu djsa A

'kjhj ds Hkkj ds 10 osa

Hkkx dks 2 ls ?kVkus ij izkIr ek=kk ftruk ikuh ih,a A mnkgj.k % vxj Hkkj 60 fdyks gS rks mldk 10ok a Hkkx 6 gksxk vkSj mlesa ls 2 ?kVkus ij izkIr ek=kk 4 yhVj gksxh

Qk;ns % dCt] vipu] vkfn

chekfj;ksa esa jkeck.k i¼fr gS A eksVkik de djus esa enn gksxh A

ikuh fdruk ih,a \

vk;qosZn ds vuqlkj lw= %&

ikuh dc o fdruk ih,a \

fons'kh daifu;ka ns'k dk fodklugha djrh] cfYd viuk

fodkl djrh gSAvkSj Hkkjh ek=kk esa equkQk vftZr

djds vius ewy ns'kkas esa ys tkrh gSA

ikuh ges'kk /hjs&/hjs ihuk pkfg, A vFkkZr ?kw¡V&?kw¡V dj ihuk pkfg, ;fn ge /hjs /hjs ikuh ihrs gS rks mldk ykHk ;g gS fd gekjs gj ?kw¡V ds lkFk gekjs eq¡g dh ykj ikuh ds lkFk feydj isV esa tk;sxh gekjh ykj {kkfj; gksrh gS vkSj ;g gekjs isV esa igq¡pdj isV ds vEy dks 'kkar djrh gS o ikpu ra=k dks etcwr djrh gS A blfy, eq¡g dh ykj vf/d ls vf/d isV esa tk;s

blds fy, ikuh ?kw¡V ?kw¡V ihuk pkfg, A

dHkh Hkh [kM+sa gksdj ikuh ugh ihuk pkfg, (?kqVuksa ds nnZ ls cpus ds fy,) A D;ksfd tc ge ikuh ihrs gS rks ikuh ds lkFk ok;q dk izos'k Hkh 'kjhj esa gksrk gS] [kMs jgus fd fLFkfr esa ?kqVuksa ds bnZ fxnZ [kkyh txg jgrh gS t¡gk ok;q vkdj :drh gS o ckn esa ?kqVus ds nnZ esa cny tkrh gS A

ikuh tc eq[k ls isV dh vkSj tkrk gS rks mls jksdus okyk dksbZ ugh] og rks igkM+

ij ls tehu ij fxjus okyksa >jus dh rjg fxjrk gS >jus ds ml ikuh esa bruh 'kfDr (Mass X velocity = momentum) vk tkrh gS fd og ftl txg fxjrk gS ml txg ij xMMk dj nsrk gS mlh izdkj ;fn ge [kM+s gksdj ikuh fi;sa rks mlds /Dds dks >syus ds fy,

zisV Mk;Qke dks dM+k dj nsrk gS A ;fn ge ckj&ckj ,sls gh ikuh ihrs jgsa rks gesa gfuZ;k] ikbZYl] izksLVsV] vFkZjk;fVl tSlh chekfj;k¡ vo'; gksxh A

ikuh ges'kk ?kw¡V&?kw¡V o cSBdj ih,¡ Aikuh ges'kk ?kw¡V&?kw¡V o cSBdj ih,¡ A

Hkkjr esa yk[kksa NksVs&NksVs Lons'kh m|ksx gSa

tks fons'kh daifu;ksals VDdj ys jgs gSa

gekjk drZO;gS fd ge mudkeukscy c<k,a

vkSj muds xq.kOkRrk okysLons'kh lkekuksa dks izkFkfedrk nsaA

ikuhikuh

pchZ

izksVhu

vU; 6%

ikuh xquxquk gh fi;sa D;ksafd gekjs ikpu ra=k dk rkieku 37 fMxzh lsfYl;l jgrk gS A ;fn ge BaMk ikuh ih ysa rks gekjs isV dks o ikpu ra=k dks fQj ls 37 fMxzh lsfYl;l rd xeZ djus ds fy, vkl ikl ds fdlh Hkh vo;o ls vfrfjDr jDr ysuk iMsxk A ifj.kke Lo:i tks vo;o vf/d ckj jDr Hkstsxk og vo;o (gkVZ] vkar] fdMuh vkfn) detksj gks tk;sxk o mlls lacf/r jksx gks tk;saxsa A

ikuh dHkh Hkh BaMk u fi;sa % ,d rks ;g fd tSls Åij crk;k x;k gS fd BaMs ikuh dks xeZ djus ds fy;s 'kjhj ds ftl vo;o ls ckj ckj jDr fn;k tk;sxk og vo;o dkykarj esa jksxh gks tk;sxk A nwljs ;fn geus Hkkstu djrs le; ;k Hkkstu ds var esa BaMk ikuh fi;k rks og ikpd jl dk rkieku de djds ikpu dk uk'k djsxk A rhljs] ;g BaMk ikuh Hkkstu ds ikpu ds ckn cus gq, ey dks BaMk djsxk A ge lc dk vuqHko gS fd ;fn ge isM+k cQhZ]

zvkbZLØhe bR;kfn fQt esa j[k nsa rks os lc te tkrs gS o dM+s gks tkrs gS rks ;g BaMk ikuh Hkh blh izdkj ls gekjs ey dks tek nsrk gS o dM+k dj nsrk gS A ifj.kke Lo:i ;g dCt] ikbZYl bR;kfn cM+h vkar ls lacf/r lkjs jksxksa dks tUe nsrk gS A

BaMk ikuh dHkh uk iha, A

ges'kk BaMk ikuh ihus ls cps

ges'kk BaMk ikuh ihus ls cps

lqcg dk Hkkstu lw;ksZn; gksus ds <kbZ ?k.Vs rd dj ysuk pkfg, A mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn lw;ksZn; 7 cts gksrk gS rks lqcg dk Hkkstu 7 ls 9-30 ds chp dj ysuk pkfg, D;ksfd bl le; Hkkstu dks ipkus okyh tBj vfXu vf/d rhoz gksrh gS lqcg 6 cts ls 10 cts rd gekjs 'kjhj esa dQ dh iz/kurk jgrh gS ftl dkj.k ls ikpd jl dk L=kko /hjs /hjs gksrk gS o yEcs le; rd jgrk gS vr% lqcg gh isV Hkjdj viuk ilanhnk Hkkstu djuk pkfg, A

nksigj dk Hkkstu lqcg ds Hkkstu ls vk/k djsa o 'kke dk Hkkstu lw;kZLr ls 40 feuV igys dj ys A 'kke dk Hkkstu nksigj ds Hkkstu ls vk/k djsa ;kfu ukeek=k djsa A

'kke ds Hkkstu ds ckn de ls de 1000 dne gYdh lSj djsa A 'kke ds Hkkstu ds <kbZ ?k.Vs ckn nw/ ihdj lks;sa A ns'kh xk; dk nw/ loksZre gS A lqcg o nksigj ds Hkkstu ds ckn 20 feuV rd fo".kq eqnzk esa ck;sa djoV ysdj ysVsa A ;fn gekjh foo'krk ls fdlh fnu 'kke dks 7 cts ds ckn Hkkstu djuk iMsa rks vkSj fnuksa ls vk/k Hkkstu [kk;sa A ;fn jkf=k 9 cts ds ckn Hkkstu djuk iMs+ rks dsoy nslh xk; dk nw/ ihdj lks tk;sa A

[kkuk tc Hkh [kk;sa tehu ij pksdM+h ekjdj [kk;sa D;ksfd gekjs dqygksa ds Åij ,d pØ gksrk gS ftldk lh/k lEc/ tBj vfXu ls gksrk gS blfy, ikyFkh ekjdj lh/s cSBdj [kkus ls tBj vfXu rhozrk ls dke djrh gS iajUrq tc ge dqlhZ ij cSBdj ;k [kM+s gksdj [kkuk [kkrs gS rks bldk Bhd mYVk gksrk gS A blfy, [kkuk ges'kk tehu ij cSBdj [kk;sa A

Hkkstu dh fnup;kZ dSlh gks \

'kke ds [kkusds ckn

1000 dne t:j pysaA

egf"kZ okXHkVV~ ds fu;ekuqlkj ftl Hkkstu dks idkrs le; lw;Z dk izdk'k o iou dk Li'kZ uk feys og Hkkstu fo"k ds leku gS izs'kj dqdj esa Hkkstu idkrs le; lw;Z dk izdk'k o iou dk Li'kZ ugh feyrk A Hkkstu idkrs le; lw;Z dk izdk'k ysus ds fy, crZu dks fcuk <dsa Hkkstu idkuk gksxk vkSj fcuk <ds idkus ls gok dk ncko lkekU; jgrk gS ifj.kke Lo:i izksVhu [kjkc ugh gksrs A

izs'kj dqdj ds vanj Hkkstu idkrs le; gok dk ncko okrkoj.k ls nqxuk gks tkrk gS o rkieku 120 fMxzh ls.VhxzsM rd igq¡p tkrk gS A jktho HkkbZ us izs'kj dqdj esa idkbZ nky dk tc ijh{k.k djk;k rks ;g ik;k fd 87 izksVhu [kRe gks tkrs gS o vkjksX; ds fy, gkfudkjd gks tkrs gS A

,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu 100&150 lky igys gh vk;s gS mlls igys /kkrqvks esa ihry] pk¡nh Qwy vkfn ds crZu gh pyk djrs Fks vkSj ckdh feVVh ds crZu pyrs Fks A vxzstks us tsyksa esa dSfn;ksa ds fy, ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu 'kq: fd;s D;ksfd mlesa ls /hjs /hjs tgj gekjs 'kjhj esa tkrk gS A ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu ds mi;ksx ls dbZ rjg ds xaHkhj jksx gksrs gS A tSls vLFkek] okr jksx] Vh-oh- 'kqxj]nek vkfn A iqjkus le; ls bLrseky gks jgs Qwy vkSj ihry ds crZu fQj ls ysdj vk;sa A gekjs iqjkus oSKkfudksa dks ekywe Fkk fd ,sY;qfefu;e ckDlkbV ls curk gS vkSj Hkkjr esa bldh Hkjiwj [knkusa gS fQj Hkh mUgksus ,sY;qfeufu;e ds crZu ugh cuk;s D;ksfd ;g Hkkstu cukus vkSj [kkus ds fy, lcls ?kfV;k /krq gS A blls vLFkek Vh-oh-] nek okrjksx dks c<+kok feyrk gS A blfy, ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZuks dk mi;ksx cUn djsa A

zjsfQtjsVj dk mi;ksx ewyr% de rkieku ij jgus okyh nokvksa ds fy, fd;k tkrk Fkk A ysfdu vkt og gekjh jlksbZ dk fgLlk gS A blesa ls dbZ tgjhyh xSlsa fudyrh gS A tSls ds vUrZxr

ls ysdj 12 rd Dyksjhu] Qyksjhu] dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM tSlh tgjhyh xSlksa ds mi;ksx ls cuk ;g jsfQztjsVj ewyr% B.Ms ns'kksa ds fy, gS A tgk¡ dk rkieku va'k esa pyrk gS A gekjs ;gk¡ rks lw;Z dk izdk'k ckjg eghus jgrk gS A blfy, ;gk¡ dh le'khrks".k tyok;q ds dkj.k ges'kk rktk vkSj xeZ [kkus

zdk pyu gS A blds vykok] jsfQtjsVj easa lw;Z dk izdk'k vkSj iou dk Li'kZ Hkh ugh gks ldrk blfy, blesa j[kk gqvk Hkkstu Hkh tgj leku gks tkrk gS A

%

[krjukd gS ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu

z zjsfQtjsVj (fQt)dk mi;ksx ?kkrd gS A

HFC, CFC CFC-2, CFC-3, CFC-4,

(-)

egf"kZ okXHkVV~ ds fu;ekuqlkj ftl Hkkstu dks idkrs le; lw;Z dk izdk'k o iou dk Li'kZ uk feys og Hkkstu fo"k ds leku gS izs'kj dqdj esa Hkkstu idkrs le; lw;Z dk izdk'k o iou dk Li'kZ ugh feyrk A Hkkstu idkrs le; lw;Z dk izdk'k ysus ds fy, crZu dks fcuk <dsa Hkkstu idkuk gksxk vkSj fcuk <ds idkus ls gok dk ncko lkekU; jgrk gS ifj.kke Lo:i izksVhu [kjkc ugh gksrs A

izs'kj dqdj ds vanj Hkkstu idkrs le; gok dk ncko okrkoj.k ls nqxuk gks tkrk gS o rkieku 120 fMxzh ls.VhxzsM rd igq¡p tkrk gS A jktho HkkbZ us izs'kj dqdj esa idkbZ nky dk tc ijh{k.k djk;k rks ;g ik;k fd 87% izksVhu [kRe gks tkrs gS o vkjksX; ds fy, gkfudkjd gks tkrs gS A

,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu 100&150 lky igys gh vk;s gS mlls igys /kkrqvks esa ihry] pk¡nh Qwy vkfn ds crZu gh pyk djrs Fks vkSj ckdh feVVh ds crZu pyrs Fks A vxzstks us tsyksa esa dSfn;ksa ds fy, ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu 'kq: fd;s D;ksfd mlesa ls /hjs /hjs tgj gekjs 'kjhj esa tkrk gS A ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu ds mi;ksx ls dbZ rjg ds xaHkhj jksx gksrs gS A tSls vLFkek] okr jksx] Vh-oh- 'kqxj]nek vkfn A iqjkus le; ls bLrseky gks jgs Qwy vkSj ihry ds crZu fQj ls ysdj vk;sa A gekjs iqjkus oSKkfudksa dks ekywe Fkk fd ,sY;qfefu;e ckDlkbV ls curk gS vkSj Hkkjr esa bldh Hkjiwj [knkusa gS fQj Hkh mUgksus ,sY;qfeufu;e ds crZu ugh cuk;s D;ksfd ;g Hkkstu cukus vkSj [kkus ds fy, lcls ?kfV;k /krq gS A blls vLFkek Vh-oh-] nek okrjksx dks c<+kok feyrk gS A blfy, ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZuks dk mi;ksx cUn djsa A

zjsfQtjsVj dk mi;ksx ewyr% de rkieku ij jgus okyh nokvksa ds fy, fd;k tkrk Fkk A ysfdu vkt og gekjh jlksbZ dk fgLlk gS A blesa ls dbZ tgjhyh xSlsa fudyrh gS A tSls HFC, CFC ds vUrZxr CFC-2,

CFC-3, CFC-4, ls ysdj 12 rd Dyksjhu] Qyksjhu] dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbZM tSlh tgjhyh xSlksa ds mi;ksx ls cuk ;g jsfQztjsVj ewyr% B.Ms ns'kksa ds fy, gS A tgk¡ dk rkieku (-) va'k esa pyrk gS A gekjs ;gk¡ rks lw;Z dk izdk'k ckjg eghus jgrk gS A blfy, ;gk¡ dh le'khrks".k tyok;q ds dkj.k ges'kk rktk vkSj xeZ [kkus

zdk pyu gS A blds vykok] jsfQtjsVj easa lw;Z dk izdk'k vkSj iou dk Li'kZ Hkh ugh gks ldrk blfy, blesa j[kk gqvk Hkkstu Hkh tgj leku gks tkrk gS A

[krjukd gS ,sY;qfefu;e ds crZu

z zjsfQtjsVj (fQt)dk mi;ksx ?kkrd gS A

izs'kj dqdj esa idk;k Hkkstu vkjksX; ds fy;s

gkfudkjd gS

vkjksX; ds fy, loksZÙke feV~Vh ds crZu esa cuk Hkkstu

fo'ks"k %& vius vklikl ds dqEgkjksa ls feV~Vh ds crZu ys ;k mUgs cukus ds fy, izsfjr djsa ;fn laHko u gks rks gesa crk;sa gekjs lg;ksxh lkFkh izR;sd 'kgj esa miyC/ djok ldrs gS A

feVVh m".krk dh dqpkyd gS vr% feVVh ds crZu esa Hkkstu idkus ls Hkkstu dks /hjs&/hjs m".krk izkIr gksrh gS ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkstu ds rRo tSls nky&lCth vkfn dk izksVhu cgqr de ugha gks ikrk o 100% izfr'kr izksVhu lqjf{kr jgrs gS A ;fn dk¡ls ds crZu esa idk;k tk;s rks dqN izksVhu ade gks tk;saxs o ,Y;wehfu;e ds crZu esa idkus ls 87% izksVhu vkjksX; ds fy;s gkfudkjd gks tk;saxs vkSj Hkkstu esa dqN ,Y;wehfu;e dh ek=kk Hkh pyh tk;sxh tks vusd chekfj;k¡ Hkh mnkgj.kkFkZ ikfdZlUl] ,YtkbZej vkfn iSnk djsaxh A

feVVh ds vanj 'kjhj dks vko';d lkjs [kfut rRo gS A feVVh ds crZu esa Hkkstu idkus ls feVVh dk dqN va'k Hkkstu esa pyk tkrk gS o ;g feVVh isV esa tkus ds ckn ?kqy tkrh gS o lkjs rRo Hkkstu ipus ds ckn jl esa fey tkrs gS o jDr esa igq¡p tkrs gS bl izdkj ey&ew=k }kjk gksus okys [kfutksa ds {kfr dh iwfrZ jkst gks tk;k djrh gS o 'kjhj fujksxh jgrk gS A [kfutksa ds {kfr Hkkstu inkFkZ (vukt] nkysa] Qy] lfCt;k¡) vkfn ds }kjk gks tkrh gS A

gekjs 'kjhj dks izfrfnu 18 izdkj ds lw{e iks"kd rRo pkfg, tks feV~Vh ls gh vkrs gS A tSls&Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur, Iron, Silicon, Cobalt, Gypsium, vkfn A feV~Vh ds bUgh xq.kksa vkSj ifo=krk ds dkj.k gekjs ;gk¡ iqjh ds eafnjksa (mM+hlk) ds vykok dbZ eafnjksa esa vkt Hkh feV~Vh ds crZuksa esa izlkn curk gS A vf/d tkudkjh ds fy, iqjh ds eafnj dh jlksbZ ns[ksA

Hkkstu idkus ds crZu vksj ikS"kd rRo dh ek=kk

feV~Vh ds crZu esadk¡ls ds crZu esa ihry ds crZu esa

100%

97%

93%

,Y;wfefu;e ds crZu o izs'kj dqdj esa dsoy

7% ls 13% iks"kd rRo gh cprs gS A

zvk;ksMhu ds uke ij ge tks ued [kkrs gS mlesa dksbZ rRo ugha gksrk A vk;ksMhu vkSj QhÝyks ued cukrs le; ued esa ls lkjs rRo fudky fy, tkrs gS A mudh fcØh vyx ls djds cktkj esa flQZ lksfM;e okyk ued gh miyC/ gksrk gks vkSj og vk;ksMhu dh deh ds uke ij iwjs ns'k esa cspk tkrk gS A tcfd vk;ksMhu dh deh flQZ ioZrh; bykdksa es gh ikbZ tkrh gS A blfy, vk;ksMhu ;qDr ued flQZ mUgh bykdksa ds fy, t:jh gS A

leqnz ds ikuh vkSj /wi dh xehZ ls okf"ir gksdj cuus okys ued esa lksfM;e] eWXuhf'k;e] dSfY';e] iksVsf'k;e tSls rRo feys jgrs gS ;g rRo o"kkZ ds ikuh ds }kjk tehu dh feV~Vh ls feyrs gq, leqnz esa feyrs gS vkSj ;gh ued esa vkrs gS A blfy, [kM+k ued T;knk vPNk gS A ysfdu lksfM;e dh ek=kk T;knk gksus ds dkj.k og 'kjhj esa uqdlku Hkh djrk gS A bldh rqyuk esa lsa/s ued esa lksfM;e dh ek=kk de gksrh gS vkSj eWXuhf'k;e] dSfY';e] iksVsf'k;e vkfn dk vuqikr lUrqfyr gksrk gS A blfy, ;g ued gYdk] lqikP; vkSj 'kjhj ds fy, ykHknk;d gksrk gS A ge jkstkuk tks lfCt;ka ;k nkys [kkrs gS muesa vktdy Hkjiwj ek=kk esa

ds :Ik esa jklk;fud [kkn] dhVuk'kd Mkys tkrk gS ftlds dkj.k ;g fo"k gekjs 'kjhj esa tkrs gS A ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj ge lky Hkj esa yxHkx 70 xzke fo"k [kk ysrs gS A lsa/k ued bl tgj dks de djrk gS vkSj FkkbjkbM] ydok] fexhZ vkfn chekfj;ksa dks jksdrk gS A

leqnzh vkSj lsa/k ued esa 84 fefujYl gksrs gS Ablds vykok blesa Hkh gksrs gS bu ds dkj.k gh lksfM;e 'kjhj dks fujksxh cukrk gS

fjQkb.M ued esa lksfM;e DyksjkbM gh gS A 'kjhj bls fotkrh; inkFkZ ds :Ik esa j[krk gSA ;g 'kjhj esa ?kqyrk ugha gS bl ued esa vk;ksMhu dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy,

tSls jlk;u feyk;s tkrs gS tks lhesaV cukus esa Hkh bLrseky gksrs gS A foKku ds vuqlkj ;g jlk;u 'kjhj esa jDr okfgfu;ksa dks dM+k cukrs gS ftlesa CykWDl cuus dh laHkkouk vkSj vkWDlhtu tkus esa ijs'kkuh gksrh gS ] tksMk+s dk nnZ vkSj xfB;k] izksLVsV vkfn gksrh gS A vk;ksMhu ued ls ikuh dh t:jr T;knk gksrh gS 1 xzke ued vius ls 23 xquk vf/d ikuh [khaprk gS A ;g ikuh dksf'kdkvks ds ikuh dks de djrk gS blh dkj.k gesa I;kl T;knk yxrh gS A

vius vklikl ds dfj;kus okyksa ls gh lsa/k ued ysdj iz;ksx djsa A

DAP, UREA

Trace Minerals Trace Minerals

98%Tricalcium

Phosphate, Magnisium Carbonate, Sodium Alumino Silicate

zvk;ksMhu ds uke ij ge tks ued [kkrs gS mlesa dksbZ rRo ugha gksrk A vk;ksMhu vkSj QhÝyks ued cukrs le; ued esa ls lkjs rRo fudky fy, tkrs gS A mudh fcØh vyx ls djds cktkj esa flQZ lksfM;e okyk ued gh miyC/ gksrk gks vkSj og vk;ksMhu dh deh ds uke ij iwjs ns'k esa cspk tkrk gS A tcfd vk;ksMhu dh deh flQZ ioZrh; bykdksa es gh ikbZ tkrh gS A blfy, vk;ksMhu ;qDr ued flQZ mUgh bykdksa ds fy, t:jh gS A

leqnz ds ikuh vkSj /wi dh xehZ ls okf"ir gksdj cuus okys ued esa lksfM;e] eWXuhf'k;e] dSfY';e] iksVsf'k;e tSls rRo feys jgrs gS ;g rRo o"kkZ ds ikuh ds }kjk tehu dh feV~Vh ls feyrs gq, leqnz esa feyrs gS vkSj ;gh ued esa vkrs gS A blfy, [kM+k ued T;knk vPNk gS A ysfdu lksfM;e dh ek=kk T;knk gksus ds dkj.k og 'kjhj esa uqdlku Hkh djrk gS A bldh rqyuk esa lsa/s ued esa lksfM;e dh ek=kk de gksrh gS vkSj eWXuhf'k;e] dSfY';e] iksVsf'k;e vkfn dk vuqikr lUrqfyr gksrk gS A blfy, ;g ued gYdk] lqikP; vkSj 'kjhj ds fy, ykHknk;d gksrk gS A ge jkstkuk tks lfCt;ka ;k nkys [kkrs gS muesa vktdy Hkjiwj ek=kk esa DAP, UREA ds :Ik esa jklk;fud [kkn] dhVuk'kd Mkys tkrk gS ftlds dkj.k ;g fo"k gekjs 'kjhj esa tkrs gS A ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj ge lky Hkj esa yxHkx 70 xzke fo"k [kk ysrs gS A lsa/k ued bl tgj dks de djrk gS vkSj FkkbjkbM] ydok] fexhZ vkfn chekfj;ksa dks jksdrk gS A

leqnzh vkSj lsa/k ued esa 84 fefujYl gksrs gS Ablds vykok blesa Trace Minerals Hkh gksrs gS bu Trace Minerals ds dkj.k gh lksfM;e 'kjhj dks fujksxh cukrk gS fjQkb.M ued esa 98% lksfM;e DyksjkbM gh gS A 'kjhj bls fotkrh; inkFkZ ds :Ik esa j[krk gSA ;g 'kjhj esa ?kqyrk ugha gS bl ued esa vk;ksMhu dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, Tricalcium Phosphate, Magnisium Carbonate, Sodium Alumino Silicate tSls jlk;u feyk;s tkrs gS tks lhesaV cukus esa Hkh bLrseky gksrs gS A foKku ds vuqlkj ;g jlk;u 'kjhj esa jDr okfgfu;ksa dks dM+k cukrs gS ftlesa CykWDl cuus dh laHkkouk vkSj vkWDlhtu tkus esa ijs'kkuh gksrh gS ] tksMk+s dk nnZ vkSj xfB;k] izksLVsV vkfn gksrh gS A vk;ksMhu ued ls ikuh dh t:jr T;knk gksrh gS 1 xzke ued vius ls 23 xquk vf/d ikuh [khaprk gS A ;g ikuh dksf'kdkvks ds ikuh dks de djrk gS blh dkj.k gesa I;kl T;knk yxrh gS A

vius vklikl ds dfj;kus okyksa ls gh lsa/k ued ysdj iz;ksx djsa A

fjQkbaM ued tgj\ fjQkbaM ued tgj\ rFkk rFkk

mi;ksxh ls/akk ued Ami;ksxh ued Als/akk

phuh dks lQsn tgj dgk tkrk gS tcfd xqM+ LokLFk; ds fy, ve`r gS A D;ksfd xqM+ [kkus ds ckn ;g 'kjhj esa {kkj iSnk djrk gS tks gekjs ikpu dks vPNk cukrk gS (blfy, okxHkV~Vth us [kkuk [kkus dss ckn FkksMk lk xqM [kkus dh lykg nh gS ) tcfd phuh vEy (,fLkV) iSnk djrh gS tks 'kjhj ds fy, gkfudkjd gS A xqM+ dks ipkus esa 'kjhj dks ;fn 100 dsyksjh ÅtkZ yxrh gS A rks phuh dks ipkus esa 500 dsyksjh [kpZ gksrh gS A xqM+ eas dSfY'k;e ds lkFk lkFk QkLQksjl Hkh gksrk gS A tks 'kjhj ds fy, cgqr vPNk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj gfM~M;ksa dks cukus esa lgk;d gksrk gS A tcfd phuh dks cukus dh izfØ;k esa bruk vf/d rkieku gksrk gS fd QkWLQksjl ty tkrk gS blfy, vPNh lsgr ds fy, xqM+ dk mi;ksx djsa A

xqM+ esa dSfY'k;e] QkWLQksjl] eSXuhf'k;e] iksVsf'k;e] vk;ju vkSj dqN ek=kk esa dkWij uk;flu tSls LokLF; o/Zd gksrs gS A vkadM+ks ds vuqlkj xqM+ esa czkmu 'kqxj dh vis{kk ik¡p xquk vf/d vkSj phuh dh vis{kk ipkl xquk vf/d feujYl gksrs gS A xqM+ dh U;qVªh'ku oSY;w 'kgn ds cjkcj gS A cPpk iSnk gksus ds ckn ekrk dks xqM+ nsus ls dbZ cM+h chekfj;ka nwj gksrh gS ;g feujYl dh deh dks nwj djrk gS A cPps ds tUe ds 40 fnuksa ds vUnj ekrk ds 'kjhj esa cuus okys lHkh CyM DykVl dks nwj djrk gS A xqM+ vk/s flj ds nnZ ls cpko djrk gS A fL=k;ksa esa ekfld /eZ ls lEcfU/r ijs'kkfu;ksa dks Bhd djrk gS vkSj 'kjhj dks BaMk j[krk gS A

fo'ks"k %&lHkh txg ns'kh xqM+ cukus okys xk¡o xk¡o esa xqM+ cukrs gS A muls fcuk elkys dk xqM+ ys ;fn laHko u gks rks gedks tkudkjh ns rks ge vkidks vkids bykds esa xqM+ cukus okyksa dk laEidZ nsxaas A gekjs ;gk¡ tSfod xqM+ vkSj 'kDdj miyC/ jgrh gS A

15 fnu ls vf/d iqjkus vkVs ds iks"kd rRo u"V gks tkrs gS A dsoy gekjk isV gh Hkjrk gS 'kjhj dks dqN ugh feyrk A gekjs ns'k esa xeZ jksVh vkSj xeZ [kkuk [kkus vkSj f[kykus dh ijEijk gS A ;wjksi vkSj vesjhdk okyksa dks xeZ [kkus dk Lokn ugha ekywe A xsgw¡ dk vkVk 15 fnu vkSj cktjk] Tokj] tkS vkfn dk vkVk 7 fnu ls T;knk iqjkuk ugha gksuk pkfg, A lcls vPNk gkFk dh pDdh ls ihlk gqvk vkVk gksrk gS D;ksfd gkFk dh pDdh ls filus esa vkVs dk rkieku 25 ls 30 fMxzh ls T;knk ugh gksrk ge mls Nw ldrs gS vkSj blfy, mlds iks"kd rRo lqjf{kr jgrs gS A ysfdu vk/qfud pDdh ls filk gqvk vkVk bruk xeZ gksrk gS fd ge rqjUr mls Nw ugha ldrs vkSj blfy, vf/d rkieku ds dkj.k mlds iks"kd rRo u"V gks tkrs gS A iqjkus le; esa gekjh ekrk;sa gkFk dh pDdh ls gh vkVk ihlrh Fkh ftlds

dkj.k muds isV vkSj xHkkZ'k; dk O;k;ke gksrk Fkk vkSj xHkkZ'k; dh eqyk;fe;r c<+rh Fkh A ftlds dkj.k izlwfr (fMYkhojh) esa vklkuh jgrh Fkh A

vkVk 15 fnu ls T;knk iqjkuk uk [kk;sa A

phuh gS tgj \ve`r gS xqM+

eSnk tad Q

wM

ls cpsa?kj dk rktk [kkuk [kk;sa A

vkt dy cktkj esa vkus okys tad (dwM+k) QwM Hkh LokLF; ds fy,

gkfudkjd gS A eq[; :Ik ls eksVkik] ân; lEcU/h chekfj;ka] e/qesg ('kqxj) vkSj jDrpki (CyMizs'kj) dh chekfj;kas ds fy, ;g dkQh gn rd nks"kh gksrs gS A mPp rduhdh ds uke ij] lQkbZ vkSj yEcs le; rd fVdk;sa j[kus ds fy, buesa tks jlk;u feyk;sa tkrs gS os lHkh LokLF; ds fy, vR;ra gkfudkjd gksrs gS A buds LFkku ij ?kj dk cuk 'kq¼] lkQ&lqFkjk ,oa rkt+k Hkkstu djsa vkSj BaMs is;ksa esa eV~Bk] yLlh] 'kjcr vkSj vks"k/h; is; fi;sa A ?kj dk rktk [kkuk [kk;sa vkSj lcls vPNk rks ;g gS fd Hkkstu cuus ds 48 feuV ds vUnj [kk ysuk pkfg, mlds ckn mldh iks"drk u"V gks tkrh gS A 12 ?kaVs ckn rks ;g Hkkstu i'kqvksa ds [kkus yk;d Hkh ugh jgrk blfy, cklh [kkus ls cpuk pkfg;sa A

tc ge QkLVQwM ;k vf/d rys Hkqus inkFkZ [kkrs gS rks gekjs 'kjhj esa jDr dh vEyrk c<+rh tkrh gS A blh ds dkj.k gekjk 'kjhj jDr dh vEyrk dks de djus ds fy, 'kjhj ds vU; fgLlksa ls dSfY'k;e vkSj vU; feujYl [khaprk gS A ftlls vFkZjkbfVl] vksfLV;ks iksjksfll tSlh xaHkhj chekfj;ka gksrh gS A jDr dh vEyrk Bhd j[kus dk lcls cM+k ea=k ;g gS fd ge ftl LFkkuh;rk esa jgrs gS mlh LFkku ij gksus okys Qy] lCth] vukt gekjs fy;s loksZRe gS A

fookg vkfn esa ijksls tkus okyk Hkkstu Hkh vPNk ugh gksrk A pwafd ogk¡ lc dqN fotkrh; Hkkstu gksrk gS A vFkkZr vkblØhe Hkh gS rks xje xje lwi Hkh gS ryk Hkquk Hkh vf/d gS A fiTtk] cxZj tSlk cklh [kkuk Hkh ;g lc feykdj [kk;sa rks lcls [kjkc Hkkstu gksrk gS vkSj ;g Hkkstu 6 ?k.Vs esa Hkh ugh iprk tcfd lkekU; Hkkstu 45 feuV esa ipuk 'kq: gks tkrk gs A 0 fMxzh dh vkblØhe ls ysdj 60&70 fMxzh ds lwi tSlk [kkuk tc ge lkFk lkFk [kkrs gS rks ;g vip vkSj isV dh xaHkhj chekfj;ksa dks tUe nsrk gS A

fjQkbaM rsy tgj\ fjQkbaM rsy tgj\ mi;ksxh gS dPph ?kkuh mi;ksxh gS dPph ?kkuh

dk rsydk rsyvk/qfud foKku us gesa rsy ds uke ij tgj [kkus ds fy, foo'k dj fn;k gS A vkt fjQkbaM rsy cukus ds uke ij gekjs LokLFk ds fy, ykHknk;d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd (Xak/] fpifpikiu) fudky fy, tkrs gS A rsy ds ewy xa/ tks izksVhu gksrh gS vkSj fpifpikiu ftlds dkj.k mls rsy dgrs gS mlds fudyus ds ckn og rsy ugh gS rsy tSlk inkFkZ jg tkrk gS A fjQkbaM cukus dh bl izfØ;k esa mlesa dbZ [krjukd jlk;u @ tgj Hkh feyk;s tkrs gS blds lkFk gh dkuwu dh enn ls blesa Palm Oil feykdj cktkj eas cspk tk jgk gS A tcls ge fjQkbaM [kkus yxs gS rcls jDr pki (Blood

`Pressure) dSalj] gn;?kkr tSlh chekfj;ksa esa xq.kkRed c<+ksrjh gqbZ gS A

igys rsy esa xSlksyhu uked dsjksflu Qsfeyh dk dsfedy feykdj mls iryk fd;k tkrk gS A fQj mlesa gsDlsu feykdj [kwc fgyk;k tkrk gS A blds dkj.k rsy esa egRoiw.kZ Essential Fatty Acid vkSj foVkfeu bZ rFkk Minerals fudky fy, tkrs gS A tcfd gekjk 'kjhj budks cuk ugha ikrk blh dkj.k og rsy ls gesa feyrs gSa A fQj bl rsy dks 300 QkWjsugkbV ij mckyk tkrk gS rkfd xSlksyhu vkSj gsDlsu dh nqxZU/ dks nwj fd;k tk lds A rsy dk eVeSyk jax fudkydj mls VªklisjsUV cukus ds fy, Cyhfpax fd;k tkrk gS A ftlds dkj.k ohVk dsjksfVu vkSj DyksjksfQy [kRe gks tkrk gS A ;g rRo gekjs 'kjhj esa dksysLVªkWy ?kVkus dk dke djrs gS A blds ckn Degumming rsy dks iryk djus ds izfØ;k esa rsy dk egRoiw.kZ ?kVd Phosphalipiel rFkk Lecithine fudy tkrk gS rsy iryk gks tkrk gS A fQj ls mldh nqxZU/ fudkyus ds fy, mls 464 fMxzh QkWjsUgkbV ij xeZ fd;k tkrk gS vkSj lcls vUr esa bl ?kfV;k vkSj rRoghu rsy yEcs le; rd fVdk;s j[kus ds fy, mlesa fiztjofVo ds :Ik esa Synthetic Anti Ocidents Mkys tkrs gS A vc vki gh lksfp, fd ge rsy [kk jgs gS ;k tgj A blfy, ?kkuh dk rsy lcls vPNk A vius vius ;gk¡ ?kkuh yxk;sa vkSj dPpk rsy [kk;sa A

[kkus ds fy, ?kkuh dk rsy lcls vPNk gS D;ksafd rsy isjrs le; mldk rkieku 20 va'k&25 va'k lsUVhxzsV ls mij ugh tkrk blfy, ml rsy ds rRo u"V ugha gksrs A tcfd fjQkabM rsy dks cukus esa mPp rkieku dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ,d ckj mPp rkieku ij cuk rsy nqckjk [kkus yk;d ugha gksrk A

fjQkbaM rsy cukus dk rjhdk A

vki vius xkao esa pyus okyh ?kkfu;ksa ls rsy fudyok, A

dksysLVªksy D;k gksrk gS\;g ,d fpduk inkFkZ gS tks 'kjhj ds fy, vfr vko';d gSA dqy dksysLVªksy dk 3@4 Hkkx yhoj esa curk gS o 1@4 dksysLVªksy [kkus esa feyrk gSA

'kjhj dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ dksf'kdk gS o dksf'kdkvksa dks tksM+dj 'kjhj curk gSA gj dksf'kdk dk ckgjh dop fpdukbZ ;qDr gksrk gSA vxj dksf'kdk ij ;s fpdukbZ uk gks rks dksf'kdk ej tk,xhAulks esa ;g fnekx o 'kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa ds chp esa lwpuk dk vknku & iznku esa [kkl egRo j[krk gSAdksysLVªksy vusd egRoiw.kZ gkjeksal ds fuekZ.k esa vko';d gksrk gSA gkjeksal 'kjhj esa dh rjg ;kfu dk dke djrk gSA tSls fd ekfld /eZAdksysLVªksy dkQh fØ;k'khy inkFkksZa dk Hkh fuekZ.k djrk gS tSls fdlVsjks;M gkjeksal & ;g 'kjhj esa jDrpki o Xywdkst+ dks fu;af=kr j[krk gSAvMjsuy & ;g 'kjhj esa ued ikuh dk fglkc j[krk gSAfoVkfeu Mh & tks fd gfM~M;ksa esa dSfY'k;e tek djds] mldks etcwr djrk gSAckbZy ,flM & ;g pchZ ds ikpu esa dke vkrk gSA

1- cqjk dksysLVªksy 2- vPNk dksysLVªksy

;g ,d izdkj dk okgu gS tks esa fufeZr dksysLVªksy dks 'kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa esa ys tkrk gS o vfrfjDr dksysLVªksy jDrokgfu;ksa esa jDr esa miyC/ vU; phtksa ds lkFk feydj l[r gks tkrk gS ftls Iykd dgrs gSaA;g Iykd cM+k gksdj jDrokgfu;ksa esa tek gksdj mudks ladh.kZ dj nsrk gSA vxj dksbZ [kwu dk FkDdk ;k CyM DyksV ;gk¡ ij vk tkrk gS rks [kwu dh ulksa dks tke dj nsrk gSA blls fofHkUu vaxksa esa [kwu ds cgko esa :dkoV vkrh gSA rc mu vaxksa esa [kwu dh deh ls gok o [kkuk (CyM 'kwxj) feyus esa fnDdr gksrh gSA ;fn fny ds fdlh {ks=k esa [kwu dh deh gksrh gS rks fny dk nkSjk iM+rk gSA vxj fnekx ds fdlh {ks=k esa deh gksrh gS rks ;g lnek dj ldrk gSA

dkcksZgkbMªsVl dk vf/d lsou djus ls ;g c<+ tkrk gSA blds c<+us ls fny dk nkSjk] lnek ;k e/qesg gks ldrk gSA

Switch on/off

(LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides)

(HDL)

LDL (Low Density Lipo Protein):-

Liver

Triglycerides -

;g ,d fpduk inkFkZ gS tks 'kjhj ds fy, vfr vko';d gSA dqy dksysLVªksy dk 3@4 Hkkx yhoj esa curk gS o 1@4 dksysLVªksy [kkus esa feyrk gSA

'kjhj dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ dksf'kdk gS o dksf'kdkvksa dks tksM+dj 'kjhj curk gSA gj dksf'kdk dk ckgjh dop fpdukbZ ;qDr gksrk gSA vxj dksf'kdk ij ;s fpdukbZ uk gks rks dksf'kdk ej tk,xhAulks esa ;g fnekx o 'kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa ds chp esa lwpuk dk vknku & iznku esa [kkl egRo j[krk gSAdksysLVªksy vusd egRoiw.kZ gkjeksal ds fuekZ.k esa vko';d gksrk gSA gkjeksal 'kjhj esa Switch dh rjg ;kfu on/off dk dke djrk gSA tSls fd ekfld /eZAdksysLVªksy dkQh fØ;k'khy inkFkksZa dk Hkh fuekZ.k djrk gS tSls fdlVsjks;M gkjeksal & ;g 'kjhj esa jDrpki o Xywdkst+ dks fu;af=kr j[krk gSAvMjsuy & ;g 'kjhj esa ued ikuh dk fglkc j[krk gSAfoVkfeu Mh & tks fd gfM~M;ksa esa dSfY'k;e tek djds] mldks etcwr djrk gSAckbZy ,flM & ;g pchZ ds ikpu esa dke vkrk gSA

1- cqjk dksysLVªksy (LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides)

2- vPNk dksysLVªksy (HDL)

LDL (Low Density Lipo Protein):- ;g ,d izdkj dk okgu gS tks Liver esa fufeZr dksysLVªksy dks 'kjhj ds fofHkUu vaxksa esa ys tkrk gS o vfrfjDr dksysLVªksy jDrokgfu;ksa esa jDr esa miyC/ vU; phtksa ds lkFk feydj l[r gks tkrk gS ftls Iykd dgrs gSaA;g Iykd cM+k gksdj jDrokgfu;ksa esa tek gksdj mudks ladh.kZ dj nsrk gSA vxj dksbZ [kwu dk FkDdk ;k CyM DyksV ;gk¡ ij vk tkrk gS rks [kwu dh ulksa dks tke dj nsrk gSA blls fofHkUu vaxksa esa [kwu ds cgko esa :dkoV vkrh gSA rc mu vaxksa esa [kwu dh deh ls gok o [kkuk (CyM 'kwxj) feyus esa fnDdr gksrh gSA ;fn fny ds fdlh {ks=k esa [kwu dh deh gksrh gS rks fny dk nkSjk iM+rk gSA vxj fnekx ds fdlh {ks=k esa deh gksrh gS rks ;g lnek dj ldrk gSA

Triglycerides - dkcksZgkbMªsVl dk vf/d lsou djus ls ;g c<+ tkrk gSA blds c<+us ls fny dk nkSjk] lnek ;k e/qesg gks ldrk gSA

dksysLVªksy dh vko';drk%&

dksysLVªksy nks izdkj ds gksrs gS%&

cqjk dksysLVªksy dk dk;Z%&

"

"

"

"""""

1-

iwT;uh; lar xksiky nkl th

(vius utnhdh xkS'kkyk esa cus iapxO; mRikn bLrseky djsa)

gfj;k.kk esa 'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh fl[kus ds fy, lEidZ lw=k %&j.k/hj % 9812909700 ftrsUnz % 9215819222 foØe [kk.Mk [ksM+h %& 9416748922

(Qrsgkckn) (djuky)(fglkj)

(;ksxkpk;Z ,oa ukM+h oS|)

iapxO; ls cus mRiknksa dks [kjhnusa ds fy, lEidZ djsa

xkSiq=k fot; % 9992803104

eunhi ØkfUrdkjh % 9654034915 (;ksxkpk;Z ,oa ukM+h oS|)

Lons'kh xÅ laLFkku gfj;k.kk

vPNk dksysLVªksy D;k dk;Z djrk gS%&

HDL c<+kus ds rjhds &

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ;g vPNk dksysLVªksy gSA ;g vkids fofHkUu vaxksa esa cqjs dksysLVªksyksa }kjk igq¡pk, x, vfrfjDr dksysLVªksy dks okfil yhoj esa ys tkrk gS rkfd vkidk 'kjhj vfrfjDr dksysLVªksy ls futkr ik ldsAblfy, HDL dks c<+kuk pkfg, o LDL c<+kus okyh phtksa (fjQkbaM rsy] fjQkbaM ued] phuh] eSnk) dk lsou can djuk pkfg,A

1- larqfyr vkgkj o le; ij ysaA2- nk:] chM+h] flxjsV NksM+us ls Hkh HDL c<+sxkA3- O;k;ke djus lsA4- 'kq¼ ?kkuh dk rsy o 'kq¼ nslh xk; ds ?kh ls HDL c<+sxkA5- otu ?kVkus ls Hkh HDL c<+sxkAuksV % vxj vkidk HDL 40 mg/dl gS rks vki [krjs ds fu'kku ij gks bls rqjar c<+kus

dh vko';drk gSA vkidk HDL 50 mg/dl gS rks vki lqjf{kr gks o vxj vkidk HDL 60 mg/dl gS rks ;s lcls csgrj fLFkfr gSA

LDL - 130 mg/dl ls de gksuk pkfg,ATriglyceriles - 150 mg/dl ls de gksuk pkfg,AVLDL - 40 mg/dl ls de gksuk pkfg,A

'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh dh iqLrds ,ao izf'k{k.k f'kohj dh fofM;ksa (DVD)] vkWfM;ksa (MP3CD) ds fy, lEidZ lw=k %&

ineJh Jh lqHkk"k ikysdj (9850352745)

vfer ikysdj & 9673162270 (tejomit@gmail.com)

thjks ctV izkd`frd [ksrh 'kks/] fodkl ,ao izlkj vkanksyu 19] t; dkWyksuh] VsyhdkWe dkWyksuh ds ikl] vdksyh jksM] vejkorh %& 444607 (egkjk"Vª)

| veksy ikysdj & 9881646930

jklk;fud [ksrh ls u"V gksrh ekuo tkfrjklk;fud [ksrh ls u"V gksrh ekuo tkfrvk/qfud euq"; vius dks izd`fr dk vax ugha vuqHko djrkA izd`fr ls la?k"kZ esa og Hkwy tkrk gS fd bl la?k"kZ esa og thr Hkh tk;s rks Hkh uqdlku mlh dk gksxkA vk/qfud d`f"k izd`fr ij vkf/iR; LFkkfir djus dk lcls cM+k {ks=k cu xbZ gSA

Hkkjr essa cM+s xoZ ds lkFk ,sls jlk;uksa dk bLrseky gksrk gS tks nqfu;k Hkj esa izfrcaf/r gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gS fd ,d vkSlr Hkkjrh; ,d fnu esa feyhxzke dhVuk'kd vkgkj ds lkFk vius isV esa Mkyrk gSA xsgw¡ es dhVuk'kd dk Lrj ls ihih,e] pkoy esa ls ihih,e] nkyksa esa ls ihih,e] ew¡xQyh esa ls ihih,e] lkx lCth esa o vkyw esa ihih,e rddhVuk'kd gSA+ +Hkkjr nqfu;k esa d`f"k jlk;uksa dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k mRiknd ns'k gSA ;gka jklk;fud moZjdks o dhVuk'kd ls tehu dh xq.koÙkk ?kV jgh gSA buds nq"izHkkoksa ls euq";] i'kq&i{kh] Ikkuh vkSj Ik;kZoj.kh; thou vlqjf{kr gks x;k gSA

bu jlk;uksa ds mi;ksx dh fof/ esa ;g Hkh fy[kk tkrk gS fd bl jlk;u dk fNM+dko djrs le; ukd o e¡qg dks diM+s ls] vk¡[kksa dks ekLd ls vkSj gkFkksa dks nLrkuks ls <+d ys------------------D;ks\ D;ksfd ;s ,d tkuysok tgj gSA ;g tgj lfCt;ksa] vukt] Qyksa vkSj ikuh ds tfj;s gekjs ekuo 'kjhj esa ig¡qpdj Mk;fj;k] nek] lkbZul] ,ythZ] izfrjks/d {kerk esa deh] eksfr;kfcan dSlaj vkfn jksx iSnk dj jgk gSA blh dk izHkko gS dbZ ekrk;sa vius cPpksa dks Lruiku ds tfj;s dhVuk'kd jlk;uksa ds tgjhys rRoksa dk lsou djok jgh gS] ftlls cPpsa dbZ ?kkrd chekfj;ksa dh pisV es vk jgs gSA bl iznw"k.k ls efgykvksa esa Lru dSalj dh o`f¼ gks jgh gSA muds xHkZikr o ekfld /eZ dh fu;ferrk ij foijhr izHkko iM+ jgk gSA tcfd iq:"kks esa iztuu {kerk esa fujarj deh vk jgh gSA

vc iz'u ;g gS fd ,sls Hk;adj [krjukd jlk;uksa dk iz;ksx [ksrh esa iz;ksx gksus okysdhVuk'kd jlk;u esa D;ksa fd;k tkrk gSaA D;ksfd bu dhVksa] QQqan o jksxks ds thok.kqvksa dh de ls de ik¡p Qhlnh la[;k ,slh gS tks [krjukd jlk;uksa ds izHkko ls cp tkrs gS o buls lkeuk djus dh izfrjks/d {kerk gkfly dj ysrh gSA ,sls izfrjks/h dhV /hjs& viuh blh {kerk okyh ubZ ih<+h dks tUe nsus yxrs gS ftlls m u ij dhVuk'kdks dk izHkko ugha gksrkA fQj bUgsa [kRe djus ds fy, T;knk 'kfDr'kkyh T;knk tgjhys jlk;uksa dk fuekZ.k djuk iM+rk gSA dhVuk'kd jlk;u cukus okyh daifu;ks ds fy, ;g ,d cktkj gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; a/kku vuqla/ku laLFkku us gky gh esa Lohdkj fd;k gS fd /ku ij dhVuk'kdks dk fNM+dko /u o le; dh cckZnh gSA bl ckr dks fQyhihal ] fo;ruke] ckaXykns'k ds fdlkuksa us fcuk dhVuk'kdksa ds igys ls vf/d mRiknu izkIr dj fl¼ fd;k gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh vc yk[k ls T;knk fdlku in~e Jh izkIr d`f"k Íf"k ds uke ls izfl¼ Jh lqHkk"k ikysdj th }kjk fodflr 'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh ls laiUu thou O;rhr dj jgs gSA

¶ge fdl daiuh dk twrk ;k diM+k igurs gS] ;g rks gesa ekywe gS ysfdu fdl fdlku dk iSnk fd;k vukt [kkrs gS] ;g ugha tkurs¸ tc rd ge tgj eqDr vukt] Qy ugha [kk;saxsa rc rd ge fdrus gh vk;qosZn ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djs ge LoLFk ugha jg ldrsA

0.27

17.41.6 0.8 16.4 2.9 16.9

3.0 19.1 5.00 68.5

2

50

vk/qfud euq"; vius dks izd`fr dk vax ugha vuqHko djrkA izd`fr ls la?k"kZ esa og Hkwy tkrk gS fd bl la?k"kZ esa og thr Hkh tk;s rks Hkh uqdlku mlh dk gksxkA vk/qfud d`f"k izd`fr ij vkf/iR; LFkkfir djus dk lcls cM+k {ks=k cu xbZ gSA

Hkkjr essa cM+s xoZ ds lkFk ,sls jlk;uksa dk bLrseky gksrk gS tks nqfu;k Hkj esa izfrcaf/r gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gS fd ,d vkSlr Hkkjrh; ,d fnu esa 0.27 feyhxzke dhVuk'kd vkgkj ds lkFk vius isV esa Mkyrk gSA xsgw¡ es dhVuk'kd dk Lrj 1.6 ls 17.4 ihih,e] pkoy esa 0.8 ls 16.4 ihih,e] nkyksa esa 2.9 ls 16.9 ihih,e] ew¡xQyh esa 3.0 ls 19.1 ihih,e] lkx lCth esa 5.00 o vkyw esa 68.5 ihih,e rddhVuk'kd gSA+ +Hkkjr nqfu;k esa d`f"k jlk;uksa dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k mRiknd ns'k gSA ;gka jklk;fud moZjdks o dhVuk'kd ls tehu dh xq.koÙkk ?kV jgh gSA buds nq"izHkkoksa ls euq";] i'kq&i{kh] Ikkuh vkSj Ik;kZoj.kh; thou vlqjf{kr gks x;k gSA

bu jlk;uksa ds mi;ksx dh fof/ esa ;g Hkh fy[kk tkrk gS fd bl jlk;u dk fNM+dko djrs le; ukd o e¡qg dks diM+s ls] vk¡[kksa dks ekLd ls vkSj gkFkksa dks nLrkuks ls <+d ys------------------D;ks\ D;ksfd ;s ,d tkuysok tgj gSA ;g tgj lfCt;ksa] vukt] Qyksa vkSj ikuh ds tfj;s gekjs ekuo 'kjhj esa ig¡qpdj Mk;fj;k] nek] lkbZul] ,ythZ] izfrjks/d {kerk esa deh] eksfr;kfcan dSlaj vkfn jksx iSnk dj jgk gSA blh dk izHkko gS dbZ ekrk;sa vius cPpksa dks Lruiku ds tfj;s dhVuk'kd jlk;uksa ds tgjhys rRoksa dk lsou djok jgh gS] ftlls cPpsa dbZ ?kkrd chekfj;ksa dh pisV es vk jgs gSA bl iznw"k.k ls efgykvksa esa Lru dSalj dh o`f¼ gks jgh gSA muds xHkZikr o ekfld /eZ dh fu;ferrk ij foijhr izHkko iM+ jgk gSA tcfd iq:"kks esa iztuu {kerk esa fujarj deh vk jgh gSA

vc iz'u ;g gS fd ,sls Hk;adj [krjukd jlk;uksa dk iz;ksx [ksrh esa iz;ksx gksus okysdhVuk'kd jlk;u esa D;ksa fd;k tkrk gSaA D;ksfd bu dhVksa] QQqan o jksxks ds thok.kqvksa dh de ls de ik¡p Qhlnh la[;k ,slh gS tks [krjukd jlk;uksa ds izHkko ls cp tkrs gS o buls lkeuk djus dh izfrjks/d {kerk gkfly dj ysrh gSA ,sls izfrjks/h dhV /hjs&2 viuh blh {kerk okyh ubZ ih<+h dks tUe nsus yxrs gS ftlls m u ij dhVuk'kdks dk izHkko ugha gksrkA fQj bUgsa [kRe djus ds fy, T;knk 'kfDr'kkyh T;knk tgjhys jlk;uksa dk fuekZ.k djuk iM+rk gSA dhVuk'kd jlk;u cukus okyh daifu;ks ds fy, ;g ,d cktkj gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; a/kku vuqla/ku laLFkku us gky gh esa Lohdkj fd;k gS fd /ku ij dhVuk'kdks dk fNM+dko /u o le; dh cckZnh gSA bl ckr dks fQyhihal ] fo;ruke] ckaXykns'k ds fdlkuksa us fcuk dhVuk'kdksa ds igys ls vf/d mRiknu izkIr dj fl¼ fd;k gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh vc 50 yk[k ls T;knk fdlku in~e Jh izkIr d`f"k Íf"k ds uke ls izfl¼ Jh lqHkk"k ikysdj th }kjk fodflr 'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh ls laiUu thou O;rhr dj jgs gSA

¶ge fdl daiuh dk twrk ;k diM+k igurs gS] ;g rks gesa ekywe gS ysfdu fdl fdlku dk iSnk fd;k vukt [kkrs gS] ;g ugha tkurs¸ tc rd ge tgj eqDr vukt] Qy ugha [kk;saxsa rc rd ge fdrus gh vk;qosZn ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djs ge LoLFk ugha jg ldrsA

'kwU; ykxr dSls\

Eqk[; Qly dk ykxr ewY;] lgQly ds foØ; ewY; ls fudky ysuk vkSj eq[; Qly dks cksul ('kwU; ykxr) ds :Ik esa ysukA

dksbZ Hkh lalk/u (cht] [kkn] dhVuk'kd vkfn) cktkj ls u ysdj] bldk fuekZ.k ?kj esa gh djuk] blds dkj.k ykxr 'kwU; gksuk vkSj lHkh izdkj ds dtZ (cSad@lkgwdkj) ls eqfDrA

bl i¼fr esa vkidks jklk;fud [kkn] xkscj [kkn] tSfod [kkn] dsapqvk [kkn ,oa tgjhys jklk;fud&tSfod dhVuk'kd ,sls dkSuls Hkh moZjd [kjhnuk ughA dsoy ,d ns'kh xkk; ls 30 ,dM+ [ksrh dj ldrs gks & pkgs oks flafpr gks ;k vfLkafprA

'kwU; ykxr [ksrh ds vk/kj

Ikzd`fr esa lHkh tho ,oa ouLifr;ksa ds Hkkstu dh ,d LokyEch O;oLFkk gS] ftldk izek.k gS fcuk fdlh ekuoh; lgk;rk ds taxyks esa [kM+s gjs&Hkjs isM+ o muds lkFk jgus okys tho&tarqA blh izkd`frd O;oLFkk ds vuq:Ik [ksrh djuk gSSA

D;k gS izkd`frd &O;oLFkk\

ikS/ks ds iks"k.k ds fy, lHkh 16 rRo izd`fr esa miyC/ gS] mUgsa ikS/ksa ds Hkkstu ds :Ik esa cnyus dk dk;Z feV~Vh esa ik, tkus okys lw{e thok.kq djrs gSA bl i¼fr esa ikS/ksa dks Hkkstu u nsdj] cfYd Hkkstu cukus okys lw{e thok.kqvksa dh miyC/rk ij tksj fn;k atkrk gSA

ikS/ksa ds iks"k.k dh izd`fr esa pØh;&O;oLFkk gSSA ikS/s vius iks"k.k ds fy, feV~Vh esa ls rRo ysrs gSa o Qly ds idus ds ckn dk"B inkFkZ (Qly&vo'ks"k) ds :Ik esa fo?kfVr gksdj iqu% feV~Vh esa fey tkrs gS vkSj feV~Vh dh moZjk&'kfDr ds :Ik esa ykSVk nsrs gSA

ns'kh xk; dk d`f"k esa egRo

,d xzke ns'kh xk; ds xkscj esa yxHkx 300 djksM+ d`f"k&fe=k lw{e thok.kq ik, tkrs gSA ns'kh xkk; ds xkscj esa xqM+] nygu dk vkVk ,oa vU; inkFkZ M+kydj] fd.ou (QesZaVs'ku) ds }kjk lw{e thok.kqvksa dh la[;k c<+kdj cuk;k x;k thoke`r@?kuthoke`r tc [ksr es Mkyk tkrk gS] rks djksM+ks lw{e thok.kq Hkwfe esa miyC/ rRoksa ls ikS/ksa dk Hkkstu fuekZ.k djrs gSA

ns'kh dsapqvksa dk d`f"k esa egRo

ns'kh dsapqvk feV~Vh] ckyq] iRFkj] pwuk vkfn [kkrk gqvk Hkwfe ds uhps 15 QqV dh xgjkbZ rd tkrk gS vkSj uhps ls iks"kd rRoksa dks Åij ykrk gS rFkk vius ey ds :Ik esa ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa ds ikl NksM+rk gSA dsapq, dk ;g ey fdl h Hkh [kkn ls dbZ xquk T;knk ykHkizn gksrk gSA dsapqvk ftl Nsn ls uhps tkrk gS] mij vkus esa ges'kk nwljk Nsn blh izdkj cukrk gSA bl izdkj Hkwfe esa djksM+ks Nsn cukdj ns'kh dspwvk fdlku dk izkd`frd gyokgk cukrk gSaA blds lkFk gh bu Nsnksa ls o"kkZ dk ty Hkwfe ds uhps laxzfgr gksdj fdlkuksa dh flsspkbZ dh ykxr Hkh de djrk gSA

'kwU; ykxr dSls\

'kwU; ykxr [ksrh ds vk/kj

D;k gS izkd`frd &O;oLFkk\

ns'kh xk; dk d`f"k esa egRo

ns'kh dsapqvksa dk d`f"k esa egRo

Eqk[; Qly dk ykxr ewY;] lgQly ds foØ; ewY; ls fudky ysuk vkSj eq[; Qly dks cksul ('kwU; ykxr) ds :Ik esa ysukA

dksbZ Hkh lalk/u (cht] [kkn] dhVuk'kd vkfn) cktkj ls u ysdj] bldk fuekZ.k ?kj esa gh djuk] blds dkj.k ykxr 'kwU; gksuk vkSj lHkh izdkj ds dtZ (cSad@lkgwdkj) ls eqfDrA

bl i¼fr esa vkidks jklk;fud [kkn] xkscj [kkn] tSfod [kkn] dsapqvk [kkn ,oa tgjhys jklk;fud&tSfod dhVuk'kd ,sls dkSuls Hkh moZjd [kjhnuk ughA dsoy ,d ns'kh xkk; ls 30 ,dM+ [ksrh dj ldrs gks & pkgs oks flafpr gks ;k vfLkafprA

Ikzd`fr esa lHkh tho ,oa ouLifr;ksa ds Hkkstu dh ,d LokyEch O;oLFkk gS] ftldk izek.k gS fcuk fdlh ekuoh; lgk;rk ds taxyks esa [kM+s gjs&Hkjs isM+ o muds lkFk jgus okys tho&tarqA blh izkd`frd O;oLFkk ds vuq:Ik [ksrh djuk gSSA

ikS/ks ds iks"k.k ds fy, lHkh 16 rRo izd`fr esa miyC/ gS] mUgsa ikS/ksa ds Hkkstu ds :Ik esa cnyus dk dk;Z feV~Vh esa ik, tkus okys lw{e thok.kq djrs gSA bl i¼fr esa ikS/ksa dks Hkkstu u nsdj] cfYd Hkkstu cukus okys lw{e thok.kqvksa dh miyC/rk ij tksj fn;k atkrk gSA

ikS/ksa ds iks"k.k dh izd`fr esa pØh;&O;oLFkk gSSA ikS/s vius iks"k.k ds fy, feV~Vh esa ls rRo ysrs gSa o Qly ds idus ds ckn dk"B inkFkZ (Qly&vo'ks"k) ds :Ik esa fo?kfVr gksdj iqu% feV~Vh esa fey tkrs gS vkSj feV~Vh dh moZjk&'kfDr ds :Ik esa ykSVk nsrs gSA

,d xzke ns'kh xk; ds xkscj esa yxHkx 300 djksM+ d`f"k&fe=k lw{e thok.kq ik, tkrs gSA ns'kh xkk; ds xkscj esa xqM+] nygu dk vkVk ,oa vU; inkFkZ M+kydj] fd.ou (QesZaVs'ku) ds }kjk lw{e thok.kqvksa dh la[;k c<+kdj cuk;k x;k thoke`r@?kuthoke`r tc [ksr es Mkyk tkrk gS] rks djksM+ks lw{e thok.kq Hkwfe esa miyC/ rRoksa ls ikS/ksa dk Hkkstu fuekZ.k djrs gSA

ns'kh dsapqvk feV~Vh] ckyq] iRFkj] pwuk vkfn [kkrk gqvk Hkwfe ds uhps 15 QqV dh xgjkbZ rd tkrk gS vkSj uhps ls iks"kd rRoksa dks Åij ykrk gS rFkk vius ey ds :Ik esa ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa ds ikl NksM+rk gSA dsapq, dk ;g ey fdl h Hkh [kkn ls dbZ xquk T;knk ykHkizn gksrk gSA dsapqvk ftl Nsn ls uhps tkrk gS] mij vkus esa ges'kk nwljk Nsn blh izdkj cukrk gSA bl izdkj Hkwfe esa djksM+ks Nsn cukdj ns'kh dspwvk fdlku dk izkd`frd gyokgk cukrk gSaA blds lkFk gh bu Nsnksa ls o"kkZ dk ty Hkwfe ds uhps laxzfgr gksdj fdlkuksa dh flsspkbZ dh ykxr Hkh de djrk gSA

'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh

,d ns'kh xk; ls 30 ,dM+ [ksrh

'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh

,d ns'kh xk; ls 30 ,dM+ [ksrh

ineJh

ns'kh dsapqvksa dh xfrfof/;k¡

vxj ns'kh dsapq, ugha gksrs rks 'kk;n taxy [kM+s ughsa gksrs] ge viuh Qly Hkh ugha ys ikrsA isM+&ikS/ksa dh o`f¼ esa ,oa Hkwfe dks cyoku cukus esa ns'kh dsapqvks dh vge Hkwfedk gksrh gSA oehZ dEiksLV rS;kj djus ds fy, ftl tUrq (vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk ¾ ) dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] og okLro esa dsapqvks ugha gSA D;ksfda dsapqvks ds dqy 16 y{k.k gksrs gSSA vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk esa bu 16 esa ls ,d Hkh y{.k ugha gSA

· vaxzsth esa dssapqvks dks dgk tkrk gS] bldk eryc gS tks feV~Vh [kkrk gS] ogh dsapqvk gSA tcfd vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk feV~Vh ugha] cfYd xkscj [kkrk gSA

· tks Hkwfe dks vUkar djksM+ Nsn djrk gS vkSj mu Nsnksa esa ls ckfj'k dk ikuh Hkwfe esa laxzfgr gksrk gSA vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk Hkwfe esa Nsn ugh djrk] fdUrq Hkwfe ds mijh lrg ij gh dk;Z djrk gSA

· [kkus dks ugha feys rks Hkkx ugha tkrk cfYd Hkwfe ds vanj ueh okys LFkku ij tkdj lek/h ysdj lks tkrk gS og dsapqvks gSA vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk [kkuk ugha feyus ij iM+ksl ds [ksr esa Hkkx tkrk gSSA

· jktLFkku ds jsfxLrku esa 42 rkieku esa Hkh ns'kh dsapq, Hkwfe ds vanj ueh esa dke djrs gSA tcfd vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk ls vf/d ds rkieku ij thfor ugha jg ikrkA

Ckhtke`r (cht 'kks/u)

5 fdyksxzke ns'kh xk; dk xkscj] 5 fyVj ns'kh xk; dk xksew++=k] 50 xzke pwuk] ,d eqV~Bh es<+ dh feV~Vh] 20 yhVj ikuh esa feydj 24 ?k.Vs j[ksaA bl ?kksy dks nks ckj ydM+h ls ?kksys] blls 100 fdyksxzke cht dk mipkj djds Nk¡o esa lq[kk dj cks,aA

Tkhoke`r

thoke`r lw{e thok.kqvksa dk egklkxj gS] tks isM+&ikS/ksa ds fy, dPps iks"kd rRoksa dks idkdj muds fy, Hkkstu rS;kj djrs gSA ,d ,dM+ ds fy, 10 fdyksxzke ns'kh xk; dk xkscj] 5 ls 10 fyVj xksew=k] 1 fdyksxzke xqM+] 1 fdyksxzke nygu dk vkVk] ,d eqV~Bh [ksr dh es<+ dh feV~Vh] 200 fyVj ikuh dks feykdj ,d Mªe esa ?kksy ysA bl Mªe dks twV dh cksjh ls <¡+d dj Nk;k esa j[ksA lqcg&'kke ydMh ls ,d feUkV ds fy, ?kM+h dh lqbZ dh fn'kk eas ?kksys bls 48 ?k.Vs ckn Nkudj vxys 15 fnu ds vanj bldk iz;ksx djsA

thoke`r ds iz;ksx dh fof/

,d ,dM esa 200 fyVj rS;kj thoke`r flpkabZ ikuh ds lkFk [ksr esa Mky nsA cqvkbZ ds ,d ekg ckn ,d ,dM+ Qly ij 100 fyVj ikuh esa 5 fyVj thoke`r feyk dj nsaA nwljk fNM+dko 21 fnu ckn ,d ,dM+ esa 150 fyVj ikuh o 10 fyVj thoke`r feykdj fNM+dsA rhljk o pkSFkk fNM+dko 21&21 fnu ckn ,d ,dM+ esa 200 fyVj ikuh o 20 fyVj thoke`r feykdj nsA vkf[kjh fNM+dko nkus esaa nw/ dh voLFkk es izfr ,dM+ esa 200 fyVj ikuh] 5 ls 10 fyVj [kV~Vh NkN feykdj djsA

?ku thoke`r

?ku thoke`r thok.kq ;qDr lw[kk [kkn gS] ftls cqvkbZ ds le; ;k ikuh ds 3 fnu ckn Hkh ns ldrs gSA xkscj 100 fdyksxzke] xqM+ 1 fdyksxzke] nygu dk vkVk 1 fdyksxzke] feV~Vh thok.kq ;qDr 100 xzke ,oa xkseq=k 5

Eisenia Fetida

Earthworm

ñ C Cñ26

'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh

ds fofHkUu pj.k

ns'kh dsapqvksa dh xfrfof/;k¡

'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrh

ds fofHkUu pj.k

Ckhtke`r (cht 'kks/u)

Tkhoke`r

thoke`r ds iz;ksx dh fof/

?ku thoke`r

vxj ns'kh dsapq, ugha gksrs rks 'kk;n taxy [kM+s ughsa gksrs] ge viuh Qly Hkh ugha ys ikrsA isM+&ikS/ksa dh o`f¼ esa ,oa Hkwfe dks cyoku cukus esa ns'kh dsapqvks dh vge Hkwfedk gksrh gSA oehZ dEiksLV rS;kj djus ds fy, ftl tUrq (vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk ¾Eisenia Fetida) dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] og okLro esa dsapqvks ugha gSA D;ksfda dsapqvks ds dqy 16 y{k.k gksrs gSSA vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk esa bu 16 esa ls ,d Hkh y{.k ugha gSA

· vaxzsth esa dssapqvks dks Earthworm dgk tkrk gS] bldk eryc gS tks feV~Vh [kkrk gS] ogh dsapqvk gSA tcfd vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk feV~Vh ugha] cfYd xkscj [kkrk gSA

· tks Hkwfe dks vUkar djksM+ Nsn djrk gS vkSj mu Nsnksa esa ls ckfj'k dk ikuh Hkwfe esa laxzfgr gksrk gSA vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk Hkwfe esa Nsn ugh djrk] fdUrq Hkwfe ds mijh lrg ij gh dk;Z djrk gSA

· [kkus dks ugha feys rks Hkkx ugha tkrk cfYd Hkwfe ds vanj ueh okys LFkku ij tkdj lek/h ysdj lks tkrk gS og dsapqvks gSA vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk [kkuk ugha feyus ij iM+ksl ds [ksr esa Hkkx tkrk gSSA

ñ· jktLFkku ds jsfxLrku esa 42 C rkieku esa Hkh ns'kh dsapq, Hkwfe ds vanj ueh esa dke djrs gSA ñtcfd vk;lsfu;k QsfVMk 26 C ls vf/d ds rkieku ij thfor ugha jg ikrkA

5 fdyksxzke ns'kh xk; dk xkscj] 5 fyVj ns'kh xk; dk xksew++=k] 50 xzke pwuk] ,d eqV~Bh es<+ dh feV~Vh] 20 yhVj ikuh esa feydj 24 ?k.Vs j[ksaA bl ?kksy dks nks ckj ydM+h ls ?kksys] blls 100 fdyksxzke cht dk mipkj djds Nk¡o esa lq[kk dj cks,aA

thoke`r lw{e thok.kqvksa dk egklkxj gS] tks isM+&ikS/ksa ds fy, dPps iks"kd rRoksa dks idkdj muds fy, Hkkstu rS;kj djrs gSA ,d ,dM+ ds fy, 10 fdyksxzke ns'kh xk; dk xkscj] 5 ls 10 fyVj xksew=k] 1 fdyksxzke xqM+] 1 fdyksxzke nygu dk vkVk] ,d eqV~Bh [ksr dh es<+ dh feV~Vh] 200 fyVj ikuh dks feykdj ,d Mªe esa ?kksy ysA bl Mªe dks twV dh cksjh ls <¡+d dj Nk;k esa j[ksA lqcg&'kke ydMh ls ,d feUkV ds fy, ?kM+h dh lqbZ dh fn'kk eas ?kksys bls 48 ?k.Vs ckn Nkudj vxys 15 fnu ds vanj bldk iz;ksx djsA

,d ,dM esa 200 fyVj rS;kj thoke`r flpkabZ ikuh ds lkFk [ksr esa Mky nsA cqvkbZ ds ,d ekg ckn ,d ,dM+ Qly ij 100 fyVj ikuh esa 5 fyVj thoke`r feyk dj nsaA nwljk fNM+dko 21 fnu ckn ,d ,dM+ esa 150 fyVj ikuh o 10 fyVj thoke`r feykdj fNM+dsA rhljk o pkSFkk fNM+dko 21&21 fnu ckn ,d ,dM+ esa 200 fyVj ikuh o 20 fyVj thoke`r feykdj nsA vkf[kjh fNM+dko nkus esaa nw/ dh voLFkk es izfr ,dM+ esa 200 fyVj ikuh] 5 ls 10 fyVj [kV~Vh NkN feykdj djsA

?ku thoke`r thok.kq ;qDr lw[kk [kkn gS] ftls cqvkbZ ds le; ;k ikuh ds 3 fnu ckn Hkh ns ldrs gSA xkscj 100 fdyksxzke] xqM+ 1 fdyksxzke] nygu dk vkVk 1 fdyksxzke] feV~Vh thok.kq ;qDr 100 xzke ,oa xkseq=k 5

fdyksxzke feykdj xk<+k ?kksy cuk;sA bls 48 ?k.Vs Nk;k esa twV dh cksjh ls <¡d dj j[ks rFkk ckn esa Nk;k esa gh QSykdj lq[kk ysaA ckn esa ckjhd djds cksjh esa HkjsaA bldk iz;ksx 6 ekg rd dj ldrs gSA ,d ,dM+ esa ,d fDoaVy ?ku thoke`r nsuk pkfg,A

vkPNknu (Hkwfe dks <duk)

ns'kh dsapqvk ,oa lw{e thok.kqvksa ds dk;Z djus ds fy, vko';d ̂lw{e Ik;kZoj.k* ,oa Hkwfe dh ueh dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, Hkwfe dks <dk tkrk gSA lw{e Ik;kZoj.k dk eryc gS] ikS/ksa ds chp gok dk rkieku 28 ls 32 fMxzh lsfYl;l ,oa ueh ls rFkk lrg ij v¡/sjk cuk, j[kukA ;g vkPNknu Qlyks ds vo'ks"k ls fd;k tkrk gSA ckn esas ;gh vkPNknu vi?kfVr gksdj Hkwfe dh moZjk 'kfDr dks c<+krk gSA lgQlyks }kjk Hkh Hkwfe dks ltho vkPNknu ds ek/;e ls <dk tk ldrk gSA

csM o ukyh }kjk ty dh cpr

tM+s lh/s ikuh u ysdj cfYd feV~Vh d.kksa ds chp ̂okQlk* ( gok o ok"i) dks ysrh gS] m¡ps rS;kj csM ij Qlyksa dks ukfy;ksa }kjk ikS/ksa dh flapkbZ okQlk ds :Ik esa miyC/ djkus ls ikuh dh dkQh cpr gksrh gSA ukfy;ksa dks Hkh vkPNknu ls <d fn;k tkrk gS] ftlls ok"iu u gksA

cgqQlyh i¼fr&Qly pØz

mfpr fefJr Qlyksa dks ysus ij Qlyksa dh tM+s lgfLrRo ds vk/kj ij jksxksa ,oa dhVksa ls cpko rFkk izkd`frd lalk/uksa (ukbVªkstu] izdk'k] ty] {ks=k vkfn) dk c¡Vokjk dj ysrh gSA ,d nyh; ds lkFk f}&nyh; Qlyks dks yxkus ls Hkwfe dks ukbVªkstu Lor% izkIr gks tkrk gSA

è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa

bl i¼fr esa dhV fu;a=kdks dh vko';drk gh ugh iM+rh gS] D;ksfd dhV vkrs gh ugh vkSj vk Hkh tkrs gS rks xkscj] xksew=k] NkN ,oa ouLifr;ksa }kjk rS;kj uhekL=k] czãL=k] vfXu;kL=k] n'ki.khZ vkfn ls budk izHkko fu;a=k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

izkd`frd [ksrh esa ns'kh cht dk gh iz;ksx djs] D;ksfd gkbfczM chtksa ls vPNs ifj.kke ugha feyrsA

thok.kq ;qDr feV~Vh gsrq es<+]cjxn ;k ihiy ds isM+ ds uhpss dh feV~Vh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

65 72 %

50%50%

fdyksxzke feykdj xk<+k ?kksy cuk;sA bls 48 ?k.Vs Nk;k esa twV dh cksjh ls <¡d dj j[ks rFkk ckn esa Nk;k esa gh QSykdj lq[kk ysaA ckn esa ckjhd djds cksjh esa HkjsaA bldk iz;ksx 6 ekg rd dj ldrs gSA ,d ,dM+ esa ,d fDoaVy ?ku thoke`r nsuk pkfg,A

ns'kh dsapqvk ,oa lw{e thok.kqvksa ds dk;Z djus ds fy, vko';d ̂lw{e Ik;kZoj.k* ,oa Hkwfe dh ueh dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, Hkwfe dks <dk tkrk gSA lw{e Ik;kZoj.k dk eryc gS] ikS/ksa ds chp gok dk rkieku 28 ls 32 fMxzh lsfYl;l ,oa ueh 65 ls 72 % rFkk lrg ij v¡/sjk cuk, j[kukA ;g vkPNknu Qlyks ds vo'ks"k ls fd;k tkrk gSA ckn esas ;gh vkPNknu vi?kfVr gksdj Hkwfe dh moZjk 'kfDr dks c<+krk gSA lgQlyks }kjk Hkh Hkwfe dks ltho vkPNknu ds ek/;e ls <dk tk ldrk gSA

tM+s lh/s ikuh u ysdj cfYd feV~Vh d.kksa ds chp ̂okQlk* (50% gok o 50% ok"i) dks ysrh gS] m¡ps rS;kj csM ij Qlyksa dks ukfy;ksa }kjk ikS/ksa dh flapkbZ okQlk ds :Ik esa miyC/ djkus ls ikuh dh dkQh cpr gksrh gSA ukfy;ksa dks Hkh vkPNknu ls <d fn;k tkrk gS] ftlls ok"iu u gksA

mfpr fefJr Qlyksa dks ysus ij Qlyksa dh tM+s lgfLrRo ds vk/kj ij jksxksa ,oa dhVksa ls cpko rFkk izkd`frd lalk/uksa (ukbVªkstu] izdk'k] ty] {ks=k vkfn) dk c¡Vokjk dj ysrh gSA ,d nyh; ds lkFk f}&nyh; Qlyks dks yxkus ls Hkwfe dks ukbVªkstu Lor% izkIr gks tkrk gSA

bl i¼fr esa dhV fu;a=kdks dh vko';drk gh ugh iM+rh gS] D;ksfd dhV vkrs gh ugh vkSj vk Hkh tkrs gS rks xkscj] xksew=k] NkN ,oa ouLifr;ksa }kjk rS;kj uhekL=k] czãL=k] vfXu;kL=k] n'ki.khZ vkfn ls budk izHkko fu;a=k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

izkd`frd [ksrh esa ns'kh cht dk gh iz;ksx djs] D;ksfd gkbfczM chtksa ls vPNs ifj.kke ugha feyrsA

thok.kq ;qDr feV~Vh gsrq es<+]cjxn ;k ihiy ds isM+ ds uhpss dh feV~Vh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

vkPNknu (Hkwfe dks <duk)

csM o ukyh }kjk ty dh cpr

cgqQlyh i¼fr&Qly pØz

è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa

B.Mk eryc (dksYMfMªad)Vk;ysV Dyhuj

BaMs is;ksa (dksYMfMªaDl) dk pH eku 2.4 ls ysdj 3.5 rd gksrk gS tks fd ,flM dh ifjlhek esa vkrk gS A jlk;fud :Ik ls ge ?kjksa esa tks Vk;ysV Dyhuj mi;ksx esa ykrs gS bldk Hkh pH eku 2.5 ls ysdj 3.5 ds chp gksrk gS A lkekU; :i ls ikuh dk eku 7.0 ds vklikl gksrk gS A tks gekjs ihus ds fy, lokZsRe gS A blfy, jktho HkkbZ us dk eqgkojk fn;k A iksVsf'k;e lksjcsV] lksfM;e XywdkesV] dkcZu MkbZ vkDlkbZM tSls tgj blesa feyk,a tkrs gS A blds vykok esykfFk;ku] fy.Msu] MhMhVh tSls [krjukd jlk;u Hkh feyk;sa tkrs gS bu dksYMfMaDl cukus okyh dEifu;ksa us (eq[;r% isIlh] dksdk&dksyk) gekjs jktuSfrd usr`Ro dks [kjhndj ftl rjg ls Hkkjrh; cktkj ij dCtk fd;k gS og ge lcds lkeus gS A

ge vius LokLF; dk è;ku j[ksa vkSj BaMs is;ksa ls cpsa A blls vki vkarksa ds dSalj] vip] ,flfMVh tSlh chekjh;ksa ls Hkh cp ldrs gS A

pH

BaMk eryc VkW;ysV Dyhuj

laln ds Hkkstuky; esa izfrcaf/r gksus ds ckn Hkh ;g iwjs ns'k esa /M+Yys ls fcd jgh gS A

fYkUMsu dh ekuo 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko

Mh Mh Vh dk ekuo 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko

Dyksjks ik;jh QkWl dk nq"izHkko

EkSykfFk;ku dk nq"izHkko

dSQhu dk nq"izHkko

BaMs is;ksa esa ehBkiu ykus okys jlk;uksa dk nq"izHkko

fyUMsu gekjs 'kjhj esa tkus ds ckn olh; mrdksa esa tek gks tkrk gSA ;g 'kjhj ds yhoj] fdMuh rFkk izfrjks/d rU=k dkss u"V djrk gS vkSj dSlj iSnk djrk gSA ekuo 'kjhj dh lHkh xzfUFk;ksa ij Hk;adj nq"izHkko fyUMsu dk gksrk gSA

Mh Mh Vh efgykvksa ds o{kLFky ds dSalj ds fy, eq[; ftEesnkj jlk;u gSA ekuo 'kjhj dh lSDl {kerk dks cgqr de djus dk dke djrk gSA iq:"kksa ds oh;Z esa 'kqdzk.kqvksa dh {kerk de djus dk dk;Z Hkh ;g Mh Mh Vh jlk;u djrk gSA

Ekkuo 'kjhj ds raf=kdk ra=k] Fkk;jkbM xzfUFk rFkk ek¡lisf'k;ksa ij Hk;adj nq"izHkko bl jlk;u dk gksrk gSSSA

eSykfFk;ku dk nq"izHkko'kjhj ds lHkh vaxks ij iM+rk gSA bl jlk;u ds dkj.k i{kk?kkr dk lcls vf/d [krjk gksrk gSSSA

bl jlk;u dk 'kjhj ij dkQh cqqjk vlj gksrk gSA vfunzk] ?kcjkgV] fpark] fpM+fpM+kiu] gfM~M;ksa esa vkWLVh;ks ikjksfll vkfn fcekjh;k¡ dSQhu ds dkj.k gksrh gSA ;fn xHkZorh L=kh;ksa ds 'kjhjesa dSQhu dh ek=kk dqN vf/d gks tk;s rks fQj iSnk gksus okys cPpsa ds 'kjhjesa dkQh fod`fr;k¡ gks tkrh gSA

BaMs is;ksa esa ehBkiu ykus ds fy, lSdzhu] ,LijVse dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s nksuksa gh jlk;u ew=kfiaM ds dSalj dks iSnk djrs gSA ,LijVse jlk;u ls xHkZLFk f'k'kq ij cqjk vlj iM+rk gSA lwpuk L=kksr% Lak;qDr lalnh; lfefr pp66

dksYMfMªaDl esa miyC/ dhVuk'kdksa dk ekuo 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko

tgjtgj

1- nw/ vkSj dVgy dHkh ,d lkFk lsou ugha djuk pkfg,A2- nw/ vkSj dqyFkh Hkh dHkh ,d lkFk ugha ysuk pkfg,A3- ued vkSj nw/ (lsa/k ued NksM+dj) nw/ vkSj lHkh izdkj dh [kVkb;ka (vkaoyk dks

NksM+dj)] nw/ vkSj ew¡xQyh ,d lkFk iz;ksx u djsaA4- ngh xeZ djds ugha [kkuk pkfg, gkfu igq¡prh gS] d<+h cukdj [kk ldrs gSaA5- 'kgn vkSj ?kh leku ek=kk esa feykdj ysuk tgj ds leku gSA6- tkSa o xsagw dk vkVk dksbZ vUu feyk;s fcuk ugha ysuk pkfg,A7- jkf=k ds le; lRrw dk iz;ksx oftZr gSA fcuk ty feyk;s lRrw u [kk;saA8- rst /wi esa pydj vkus ds ckn FkksM+k vkjke djds gh ikuh fi;saA O;k;ke ;k 'kkjhfjd

ifjJe ds rqjUr ckn ikuh u fi;sa ;k FkksM+h nsj ckn ikuh fi;sa vkSj Hkkstu ds izkjEHk esa ikuh ihuk oftZr gSA

9- izkr% dky Hkkstu ds i'pkr rst xfr ls pyuk gkfudkjd gSA10- 'kke dks [kkus ds ckn FkksM+h nsj pyuk vko';d gSA [kkuk [kkdj rqjUr lks tkuk

gkfudkjd gSA11- jkf=k esa ngh dk lsou fuf"k¼ gS] Hkkstu ds rqjUr ckn ty dk lsou fuf"k¼ gSA fnu esa

Hkkstu ds MsM ls nks ?kaVs ckn eV~Bk vkSj jkf=k esa Hkkstu ds ckn nw/ ysuk ykHknk;d gksrk gSA okr ds jksxksa esa CyM ,flfMVh] dQ o`f¼ ;k laf/okr

esa ngh u [kk;saA12- 'kkSp fØ;k ds ckn] Hkkstu ls igys] lnhZ&tqdke gksus ij] nkarksa esa iho vkus ij] vkSj

ilhuk vkus dh n'kk esa iku dk lsou ugha djuk pkfg,A13- flj ij vf/d xeZ ikuh Mkydj Luku djus ls us=kksa dh T;ksfr de gksrh gSA t:jr

iM+us ij xquxqus ikuh ls Luku dj ldrs gSaA14- lksrs le; flj ij diM+k cka/dj lksuk] iSjksa esa eksts igudj lksuk] vf/d pqLr

diM+s igudj lksuk gkfudkjd gSA15- 'kgn dHkh Hkh xje djds u [kk;saA NksVh eD[kh dk 'kgn loksZÙke gksrkgSA16- cq[kkj@rst Toj vkus ij rst gok] fnu esa vf/d nsj rd lksuk] vf/d ifjJe]

Luku] Øks/ vkfn ls cpuk pkfg,A17- NksVs cPpksa dh ugkus ls vk/k ?kaVs igys 'kq rsy ls ekfy'k djsa A18- miokl djus ls Toj 'kkar gksrk gSA19- 14 v/kj.kh; osx gSa ;s osx vk jgs gks rks bUgs dHkh ugha jksduk pkfg, jksdus ij 'kjhj

esa dbZ jksx vkrs gSa vkSj tcjnLrh djus ij Hkh jksx vkrs gSaA 1- galh 2- viku ok;q 3- ey 4- ew=k 5- Nhad 6- I;kl 7- Hkw[k 8- fuanzk

9- [kkalh 10- Jet 11- tEHkkbZ 12- vJq 13- oeu 14- oh;Z osx

nks ?kaVs ckn nslh xk; dk

)

1- nw/ vkSj dVgy dHkh ,d lkFk lsou ugha djuk pkfg,A2- nw/ vkSj dqyFkh Hkh dHkh ,d lkFk ugha ysuk pkfg,A3- ued vkSj nw/ (lsa/k ued NksM+dj) nw/ vkSj lHkh izdkj dh [kVkb;ka (vkaoyk dks

NksM+dj)] nw/ vkSj ew¡xQyh ,d lkFk iz;ksx u djsaA4- ngh xeZ djds ugha [kkuk pkfg, gkfu igq¡prh gS] d<+h cukdj [kk ldrs gSaA5- 'kgn vkSj ?kh leku ek=kk esa feykdj ysuk tgj ds leku gSA6- tkSa o xsagw dk vkVk dksbZ vUu feyk;s fcuk ugha ysuk pkfg,A7- jkf=k ds le; lRrw dk iz;ksx oftZr gSA fcuk ty feyk;s lRrw u [kk;saA8- rst /wi esa pydj vkus ds ckn FkksM+k vkjke djds gh ikuh fi;saA O;k;ke ;k 'kkjhfjd

ifjJe ds rqjUr ckn ikuh u fi;sa ;k FkksM+h nsj ckn ikuh fi;sa vkSj Hkkstu ds izkjEHk esa ikuh ihuk oftZr gSA

9- izkr% dky Hkkstu ds i'pkr rst xfr ls pyuk gkfudkjd gSA10- 'kke dks [kkus ds ckn FkksM+h nsj pyuk vko';d gSA [kkuk [kkdj rqjUr lks tkuk

gkfudkjd gSA11- jkf=k esa ngh dk lsou fuf"k¼ gS] Hkkstu ds rqjUr ckn ty dk lsou fuf"k¼ gSA fnu esa

Hkkstu ds MsM ls nks ?kaVs ckn eV~Bk vkSj jkf=k esa Hkkstu ds ckn nks ?kaVs ckn nslh xk; dk nw/ ysuk ykHknk;d gksrk gSA okr ds jksxksa esa CyM ,flfMVh] dQ o`f¼ ;k laf/okr esa ngh u [kk;saA

12- 'kkSp fØ;k ds ckn] Hkkstu ls igys] lnhZ&tqdke gksus ij] nkarksa esa iho vkus ij] vkSj ilhuk vkus dh n'kk esa iku dk lsou ugha djuk pkfg,A

13- flj ij vf/d xeZ ikuh Mkydj Luku djus ls us=kksa dh T;ksfr de gksrh gSA t:jr iM+us ij xquxqus ikuh ls Luku dj ldrs gSaA

14- lksrs le; flj ij diM+k cka/dj lksuk] iSjksa esa eksts igudj lksuk] vf/d pqLr diM+s igudj lksuk gkfudkjd gSA

15- 'kgn dHkh Hkh xje djds u [kk;saA NksVh eD[kh dk 'kgn loksZÙke gksrkgSA16- cq[kkj@rst Toj vkus ij rst gok] fnu esa vf/d nsj rd lksuk] vf/d ifjJe]

Luku] Øks/ vkfn ls cpuk pkfg,A17- NksVs cPpksa dh ugkus ls vk/k ?kaVs igys 'kq) rsy ls ekfy'k djsa A18- miokl djus ls Toj 'kkar gksrk gSA19- 14 v/kj.kh; osx gSa ;s osx vk jgs gks rks bUgs dHkh ugha jksduk pkfg, jksdus ij 'kjhj

esa dbZ jksx vkrs gSa vkSj tcjnLrh djus ij Hkh jksx vkrs gSaA 1- galh 2- viku ok;q 3- ey 4- ew=k 5- Nhad 6- I;kl 7- Hkw[k 8- fuanzk

9- [kkalh 10- Jet 11- tEHkkbZ 12- vJq 13- oeu 14- oh;Z osx

vk;qosZn ds vuqlkj lkekU; tkudkfj;ka tks lHkh ds fy, fgrdkjh gSa

ijLij fo:¼ vkgkj

¢ fnu dh 'kq:vkr esa lcls igys fcuk dqYyk&fcuk eq¡g /ks;s] cklh eq¡g ls nks ls rhu fxykl xquxquk ikuh ihuk pkfg;sA

¢ fuR;deZ ls fuo`Ùk gksdj lqcg vkRe'kqf¼ ds fy;s ;ksx djuk pkfg;sA

¢ lqcg mBus ds ,d ?kaVs ckn 'kq:vkr Qyksa ds jl ls djsaA

¢ lqcg dk Hkkstu 7 ls 9 cts rd djuk pkfg,] Hkkstu esa ikSf"Vd vkgkj tSls Qy] jksVh] pkoy] lCth] nky] xqM+ vkfn gksuk pkfg,A tBjkfXu lqcg 7 ls 9-30 cts rd lw;kZsn; ls 2-30 ?kaVs rd lcls vf/d rhoz gksrh gSA

¢ nksigj dk Hkkstu 1 ls 2 cts rd djuk pkfg;s vkSj 'kke dk Hkkstu 5 ls 6 cts rd djuk pkfg;sA

¢ lqcg Hkjiwj Hkkstu djuk pkfg;s] nksigj dk Hkkstu lqcg ls vk/k gksuk pkfg;s vkSj 'kke dk Hkkstu nksigj ls vk/k gksuk pkfg;sA

¢ Hkkstu ges'kk tehu ij cSBdj djsaA

¢ lw;kZLr ds 40 feuV igys Hkkstu djsa vkSj jkf=k esa Hkkjrh; nslh xk; dk nw/ vo'; ysaA

¢ Hkkstu ds var esa ikuh ihuk fo"k ds leku gS] Hkkstu djus ds de ls de 48 feuV igys ikuh fi;sa vkSj Hkkstu ds Ms<+ ls nks ?kaVs ckn ikuh ihuk pkfg;sA Hkkstu ds var esa ,d&nks ?kw¡V ikuh xyk lkQ djus ds fy;s ih ldrs gSaA ikuh tc Hkh fi;sa ?kw¡V&?kw¡V djds fi;saA

¢ Hkkstu ds ckn 10 feuV otzklu esa cSBuk pkfg;sA

¢ lqcg vkSj nksigj ds Hkkstu ds ckn 20 feuV vo'; ysVuk pkfg;sA (fo".kq eqnzk esa lks;sa)

¢ 'kke ds Hkkstu ds ckn dHkh vkjke ugha djuk pkfg;s 'kke ds Hkkstu ds ckn 1 fdyksehVj (500 dne ls 1000 dne) vo'; pysaA

¢ jkr dk Hkkstu lksus ds de ls de 2&2-30 ?k.Vs igys dj ysaA

¢ ges'kk iwoZ ;k nf{k.k fn'kk dh rjQ flj djds lks,aA

lw;ksZn; ls lw;kZLr rdlw;ksZn; ls lw;kZLr rdgekjh fnup;kZ dSlh gks\

Lons'kh tks izd`fr vkSj euq"; dk 'kks"k.k fd;s fcuk viuh lukru laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk ds vuqdwy vkids LFkku ds lcls fudV fdlh LFkkuh; dkjhxj }kjk cuk;h x;h ;k dksbZ lsok nh x;h gks vkSj ftldk iSlk LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa iz;ksx gksrk gks og Lons'kh gSA tSls&dqEgkj] c<+bZ] ykSgkj] eksph] fdlku] lCthokyk] LFkkuh; Hkkstuky;] /ksch] ukbZ] nthZ vkfn }kjk mRikfnr oLrq ;k lsokA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij& uhe] ccqy] dhdj vkfn dk nkrqu Lons'kh dgk tk,xkA tks vkids ?kj ds fudV

fdlh dksus esa fdlh xjhc }kjk cspk tk jgk gSA ,d rks nkrqu cuus esa izd`fr dk dksbZ 'kks"k.k ugha gS] nwljk ;s iw.kZ :i ls izkd`frd gS vkSj fdlh xjhc }kjk vkids ?kj ds fudV cspk tk jgk gSA ysfdu vc vxj ;s nkrqu fjykbZal] VkVk fcjyk] iratfy tSlh daiuh cspus yxs] rks nkrqu djuk rks Lons'kh gh ekuk tk,xkA ysfdu ?kj ds fudV fdlh xjhc dks NksM+dj gtkjks djksM+ :i;s equkQk dekus okyh bu daifu;ksa ls nkrqu [kjhn dj djuk Losn'kh ugha ekuk tk,xkA

blfy, nk¡rks ds fy, nkrqu Lons'kh gS] ued rsy vkfn ls cuk eatu Lons'kh gS ftlesa izd`fr dk dksbZ 'kks"k.k ugha gS c'krsZa oks vkids ?kj ds fudV fdlh LFkkuh; O;fDr }kjk cspk tk jgk gksA VwFkisLV dHkh Lons'kh ugha gks ldrk] D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh VwFkisLV ftruk ethZ vk;qosZfnd gh D;ksa uk gks mlesa dqN rks dSfedy iM+rs gS vkSj VwFkisLV ges'kk cM+h&cM+h fons'kh vkSj Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa }kjk cspk tkrk gSA vxj vki fdlh Hkkjrh; daiuh dk cuk VwFkisLV djrs gks rks oks ns'kh ekuk tk,xk Lons'kh ughaA

blh izdkj rktk xUus dk] ekSleh] larjs vkfn Qy dk jl tks vkids ?kj ds fudV fdlh LFkkuh; xjhc jsgM+h okyk csp jgk gksxk rks mlls [kjhndj oks jl ihuk Lons'kh ekuk tk,xkA D;ksafd Qy dk jl iw.kZ :i ls izkd`frd gS vkSj vkids LFkkuh; fdlh O;fDr dks jkstxkj Hkh ns jgk gSA vc vki lksfp, fd VkVk fcjyk] vackuh] ikjys] iratfy

zvkfn gtkjks djksM+ dekus okyh daifu;k¡ ukfj;y ikuh] xUus dk jl] ekSleh dk jl] QqVh] ,ih fQt] fj;y+ vkfn iSd djds cspuk pkyw dj ns rks muls [kjhndj fdlh Qy dk jl ihuk dHkh Lons'kh ugha dgyk,xk] oks ns'kh gksxk&1- rks fons'kh daifu;ks }kjk cuk;k x;k is; inkFkZ dksd] isIlh] fyedk] Qs.Vk vkfn [kjhndj ihuk ̂ ^fons'kh**A2- VkVk] fcjyk] vackuh] iratfy vkfn gtkjks djksM+ dekus okyh Hkkjrh; daifu;ks dk cuk dksbZ Hkh is; inkFkZ

[kjhnuk vkSj ihuk ;s gqvk ̂ ^ns'kh**A3- ?kj ds fudV fdlh LFkkuh; O;fDr ls [kjhndj mls jkstxkj nsdj dksbZ is; inkFkZ ftlesa izd`fr dk 'kks"k.k u gks

oks ̂ ^Lons'kh** gSAblh izdkj vewy] osjdk] enj Ms;jh vkfn cM+h&cM+h daifu;ksa dk tlhZ&ns'kh xk;ksa dk feDl iSdsV can

nw/ ihuk] nw/ ls cuk ?kh ^^ns'kh** gks ldrk gS ysfdu ^^Lons'kh** ugha dgyk,xkA vkids ?kj ds fudV fdlh LFkkuh; fdlku] i'kqikyd ;k xkS'kkyk esa ns'kh Hkkjrh; xkSoa'k ds nw/ vkSj nw/ ls cus mRikn iuhj] eD[ku ?kh vkfn [kjhnuk mldk mi;ksx djuk gh Lons'kh dgyk,xkA ftlls ml xkS'kkyk es dke djus okyksa dks jkstxkj fey mudh vkfFkZd enn gksA oks gh Lons'kh dgk tk,xkA

fe=kks var esa vki ;s le> yhft;s djksM+ifr dks vjcifr cuk nsuk dHkh Lons'kh ugha gS] vjcifr dks [kjcifr cuk nsuk dHkh Lons'kh ugha gks ldrk fe=kks gesa vk'kk gS Åij fn;s x, mnkgj.kksa ls vc vkidks ̂ ^fons'kh**] ^^ns'kh** vkSj ̂ ^Lons'kh** dk varj le> vk x;k gksxkA Lons'kh ek=k oLrq, [kjhnus rd gh lhfer ugha gS fe=kksaA vius vki dks viuh lukru lH;rk] laLd`fr ls tksM+s j[kuk] vius lekt vkSj jk"Vª dks Hkh viuh lukru] lH;rk ds vuqdwy cukuk gh Lons'kh dk okLrfod vFkZ gSA

ifjorZu tc gksrk gS rks 'kq: esa fdlh dks Hkjkslk ugha gksrk ysfdu ckn essa oks gks tkrk gS

Lons'kh Øk¡frLons'kh dh ljyhd`r ifjHkk"kk

ns'kh xk; dk nw/ (ve`r) A-2ns'kh xk; dk nw/ (ve`r) A-2fons'kh xk; dk nw/ (fo"k) A-1

A-2 A-1

e vkadh tkrh gS tcfd ,d yhVj nw/kesa yxHkx bldh fdEEkr dk rhu xq.kk Lo.kZ ik;k tkrk gS tks fd cPpksa es Brain- barrier fodflr djrk gSinkFkZ

& oSls rks HkSal dk nw/k Hkh A2 gksrk gS nslh xk; dk A2 nw/k HkSal ds A2 nw/k ls dgha csgrj gksrk gS Œ ŒD;ksafd nslh xk; dk nw/k o ?kh 37 ij ip tkrk gS vkSj gekjs 'kjhj dk rkieku Hkh 37 gksrk gS C C

Œblfy, xk; ds nw/k o ?kh dks cPpk Hkh vklkuh ls ipk ysrk gS tcfd HkSal dk nw/k o ?kh 40 C Œ ij iprk gS ftls ipkus ds fy, cgqr T;knk dBksj ifjJe dh vko';rk gS blfy, egf"kZ (104 F)

okXHkV~V th us dgk gS fd dsoy igyokuksa dks gh HkSal dk nw/k o ?kh bLrseky djuk pkfg,A& HkSal dk nw/k Lej.k 'kfDr dks de djus okyk] jksxks dks c<+kok nsus okyk] ipus esa Hkkjh] mPp jDrpki ân; jksx] dSyksLVªksy o eksVkis dk dkj.k curk gSA

& HkSal dk ?kh dSyksLVªksy o pchZ c<+krk gS ftlls CyMisz'kj o ân; jksx gksrk gSAa& HkSal ds nw/k dh yLlh vkYkL; c<+kus okyh 'kjhj dks eksVk o fu<ky cukus okyh gksrh gSA& HkSal ds nw/k dh ngh ikpu 'kfDr ean djus okyh ân; o dSalj ds jksfx;ksa ds fy, gkfudkjd

gSA& HkSal ds ew= ,oa xkscj esa dksbZ vkS"k/kh; xq.k ugha gSA& HkSal ds Li'kZ ls vk;q de gksrh gS] blfy, HkSal dks ;ejkt dk okgu ekuk tkrk gSA

dsoy nslh xk; dk nw/ o ?kh bLrseky djsaA

nslh xk; dk A2 nw/k HkSal ds A2 nw/k ls csgrj D;ksa\

nslh xk; ekrk ls gj chekjh dk bykt

(1) xk; ekrk dk nw/ ihus ls fnekx curk gS tks cPpk cpiu ls xk; dk nw/ ihrk gS mldk fnekx cgqr gh rst gksrk gSA

(2) xk; ekrk ds nw/ o eykbZ dks psgjs ij yxkus ls lqUnjrk vkrh gSA

(3) ?kh %& xk; ekrk ds ?kh dh fu'kkuh ;g gS fd og ihys jax ij gksrk gS D;ksafd xk; ekrk dh ihB ij lw;Z Hkxoku fojkteku gSA blfy, ?kh ihus o [kkus okys dk fny curk gS vkSj gfM~M;ka etcwr gksrh gSA

(4) v/jax &v/jax okys jksxh ds fy, rhu] pkj cwan ?kh dh jkr dks lksrs le; ukd esa Mkyuh gS vkSj nks pEep ?kh xk; dk ,d fxykl nw/ esa vPNh rjg feykdj ihus ls v/jax tSls jksxksa ls 5] 6 eghuksa esa NqVdkjk feyrk gSA

(5) [kjkZVs cUn gksrs gS %& ukd esa jkr dks lksrs le; 3] 4 cwan nslh xk; ds ?kh dh Mkyus ls [kjkZVs cUn gks tkrs gSaA

(6) gdykuk %& xk; ekrk dk cNM+k tc nw/ ihrk gS rks xk; ds Fkuksa ij >kx (QSu) curk gS mldk 15] 20 fnu pkVus ls gdykuk can gks tkrk gSA

(7) fnekx ds fy, %& nslh xk; dk ?kh dka'ks dh dVksjh esa ysdj iSjksa rys dh ekfy'k djus ls fnekx cgqr tYnh rst gks tkrk gSA

(8) cnu nnZ %&'kjhj esa dgha Hkh nnZ gks nslh xk; ekrk ds ?kh dh ekfy'k djus ls nnZ [kRe gks tkrk gS vkSj gfM~M;k¡ otz tSlh gks tkrh gSA

(9) n'kZu %& tks O;fDr lqcg mBdj lcls igys xk; ekrk ds n'kZu djrk gS rks mldk HkkX; iyV tkrk gS D;ksafd xk; ekrk ls 24 ?kaVs lkfRod ÅtkZ feyrh gSA

(10) QqyoSgjh %& xÅew=k dks gj jkst yxkus ls lQsn nkx [kRe gks tkrs gSA xkSew=k gjjkst ugkus ds ckn yxkuk gS psgjk lkjk Bhd gks tk;sxkA

(11) vYlj %& vYlj okys jksxh dks yxkrkj 2 eghus xk; ds nw/ dh NkN (yLlh) ihus ls vYlj tSls jksxkas ls NwVdkjk feyrk gSA

(12) isV dk jksx %& gj jkst 5 ls 20 fe-yh- xkSew=k ysus ls isV dk jksx [kRe gks tkrk gSA

(13) dSalj %& ,d gh xk; ds ekè;e ls iapxO; ysus ls dSalj dk Hk;adj jksx lekIr gks tkrk gSA gj jkst [kkyh isV nw/] ngh] ?kh] xkSew=k] xkscj dk jl bu ik¡pksa dks nks ;k pkj pEep cjkcj ek=kk esa feykdj lqcg [kkyh isV ysus ls 3&4 ekl esa dSalj jksx ls eqfDr fey tk;sxhA

(14) fdMuh %& fdMuh ds jksxh ds fy, xk; dh cfN;k dk ,d fxykl dk pkSFkk fgLlk xkSew=k lqcg gj jkst [kkyh isV ysus ls nks eghus esa fdMuh dk jksx Bhd gks tk;sxkA

(15) vk¡[k o dku %& ;fn dku ;k vka[k esa nnZ gks rks ,d&,d cwan xkSew=k dh Mkyus ls vk¡[k o dku ds nnZ ls eqfDr fey tk;sxhA

(1) xk; ekrk dk nw/ ihus ls fnekx curk gS tks cPpk cpiu ls xk; dk nw/ ihrk gS mldk fnekx cgqr gh rst gksrk gSA

(2) xk; ekrk ds nw/ o eykbZ dks psgjs ij yxkus ls lqUnjrk vkrh gSA

(3) ?kh %& xk; ekrk ds ?kh dh fu'kkuh ;g gS fd og ihys jax ij gksrk gS D;ksafd xk; ekrk dh ihB ij lw;Z Hkxoku fojkteku gSA blfy, ?kh ihus o [kkus okys dk fny curk gS vkSj gfM~M;ka etcwr gksrh gSA

(4) v/jax &v/jax okys jksxh ds fy, rhu] pkj cwan ?kh dh jkr dks lksrs le; ukd esa Mkyuh gS vkSj nks pEep ?kh xk; dk ,d fxykl nw/ esa vPNh rjg feykdj ihus ls v/jax tSls jksxksa ls 5] 6 eghuksa esa NqVdkjk feyrk gSA

(5) [kjkZVs cUn gksrs gS %& ukd esa jkr dks lksrs le; 3] 4 cwan nslh xk; ds ?kh dh Mkyus ls [kjkZVs cUn gks tkrs gSaA

(6) gdykuk %& xk; ekrk dk cNM+k tc nw/ ihrk gS rks xk; ds Fkuksa ij >kx (QSu) curk gS mldk 15] 20 fnu pkVus ls gdykuk can gks tkrk gSA

(7) fnekx ds fy, %& nslh xk; dk ?kh dka'ks dh dVksjh esa ysdj iSjksa rys dh ekfy'k djus ls fnekx cgqr tYnh rst gks tkrk gSA

(8) cnu nnZ %&'kjhj esa dgha Hkh nnZ gks nslh xk; ekrk ds ?kh dh ekfy'k djus ls nnZ [kRe gks tkrk gS vkSj gfM~M;k¡ otz tSlh gks tkrh gSA

(9) n'kZu %& tks O;fDr lqcg mBdj lcls igys xk; ekrk ds n'kZu djrk gS rks mldk HkkX; iyV tkrk gS D;ksafd xk; ekrk ls 24 ?kaVs lkfRod ÅtkZ feyrh gSA

(10) QqyoSgjh %& xÅew=k dks gj jkst yxkus ls lQsn nkx [kRe gks tkrs gSA xkSew=k gjjkst ugkus ds ckn yxkuk gS psgjk lkjk Bhd gks tk;sxkA

(11) vYlj %& vYlj okys jksxh dks yxkrkj 2 eghus xk; ds nw/ dh NkN (yLlh) ihus ls vYlj tSls jksxkas ls NwVdkjk feyrk gSA

(12) isV dk jksx %& gj jkst 5 ls 20 fe-yh- xkSew=k ysus ls isV dk jksx [kRe gks tkrk gSA

(13) dSalj %& ,d gh xk; ds ekè;e ls iapxO; ysus ls dSalj dk Hk;adj jksx lekIr gks tkrk gSA gj jkst [kkyh isV nw/] ngh] ?kh] xkSew=k] xkscj dk jl bu ik¡pksa dks nks ;k pkj pEep cjkcj ek=kk esa feykdj lqcg [kkyh isV ysus ls 3&4 ekl esa dSalj jksx ls eqfDr fey tk;sxhA

(14) fdMuh %& fdMuh ds jksxh ds fy, xk; dh cfN;k dk ,d fxykl dk pkSFkk fgLlk xkSew=k lqcg gj jkst [kkyh isV ysus ls nks eghus esa fdMuh dk jksx Bhd gks tk;sxkA

(15) vk¡[k o dku %& ;fn dku ;k vka[k esa nnZ gks rks ,d&,d cwan xkSew=k dh Mkyus ls vk¡[k o dku ds nnZ ls eqfDr fey tk;sxhA

(16) Vh-ch- chekjh %& xk; ds lax jgus o xkSew=k ds lsou ls thou esa 'kkfUr o ØkfUr vkrh gS vkSj 5&6 ekl xk; ds lax ls Vh-ch- dk jksx lekIr gks tkrk gSA

(17) cka>iu %& tks dk;Z xk; ds ew=k ls ugha gksrk og dk;Z lkaM ds ew=k dks lwa?kus ls gh gks tkrk gS vkSj lkaM ds ew=k dks lw?kus ls vkSjr dk cka>iu nwj gks tkrk gS] ek=k 40 fnu rd ;g dk;Z djsA xk; ekrk dks T;knk ls T;knk tkSa f[kyk,a vkSj ftrus tkSa mlds xkScj esa vk tk,a mudksa /ks dj ikÅMj cuk ysaA ,d pEep xk; ds nw/ ds lkFk lqcg o ,d pEep 'kke ds le; ysus ls ek=k nks ekl esa cka>iu nwj gksrk gSA

(18) ekaxuk %& xk; ekrk ls tc dqN ekaxuk gS] rks xk; ekrk dks dqN f[kykdj vkSj ifjØek djds ekrk ds vkxs [kM+s gksdj o jks dj ekaxuk pkfg,A xÅ ekrk vius izlUu fpÙk ls mlh le; lHkh bPNk iw.kZ dj nsrh gSA tSlk fd uke nso th xÅ ekrk ds lkeus jks;s Fks vkSj ejh gqbZ xk; dks ftUnk djok fy;k FkkA

(19) xkscj %& xk; ekrk ds xkscj esa y{eh ekrk dk okl gSA blhfy, bldk ?kj esa ysi djus ls vUu /u (y{eh) dh o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj ftl Hkou dks xk; ds xkscj ls yhik tkrk gS mlesa ijek.kq 'kfDr dk Hkh dksbZ vlj ugha gksrkA

(20) xk; ds xkscj dk miyk %& xk; ds xkscj ds miys dks jkr dks ikuh dh ckYVh esa fHkxks nsa vkSj mldk ikuh lqcg rd yky gks tkrk gS] ml ikuh dks isM+ksa ij Lizs djus ls 14 fnu eas isM+ pkj ckj c<+rk gSaA

(21) tksr %& FkksM+k lk miyk ysdj mldks lqyxkdj xk; dh ?kh Mky ysa vkSj ?kj esa xk; ds ?kh ls tksr tyk,a] rks lkfRod ÅtkZ feyrh gS vkSj dhVksa dk uk'k gksrk gSA

(22) nar eatu %& xk; ds xkscj ds miys dh jk[k ls eatu djus ls nkarksa dh gj izdkj dh chekjh nwj gksrh gSA

(23) fexhZ %& xkscj ds jl dh 7&7 cwan ukd esa nksuksa rjQ Mkyus ls fexhZ dk jksx [kRe gks tkrk gS] tc nkSjk iM+k gks ml le; MkysaA

(24) vkSjrksa dh izlo ih<+k %& vkSjrksa dks izlo ihM+k gks] ml le; xkscj dk jl (1&2 pEep) FkksM+k ls fiykus ls cPpk lqxerk ls gksrk gSA

(25) ?kqVuksa dk nnZ %& lky Ms<+ lky dh cNM+h dk xkscj ysdj ?kqVuksa ij cka/us ls 'kjhj esa dgha ij nnZ gks mls xkscj dk ysi djus ls nnZ esa eqfDr feysxhA

(26) LoxZ dh lh<+h %& euq"; ds nlosa }kj dh nks pkfc;ka gSaA ,d pkch xaxk eS;k o nwljh pkch xk; ekrk ds ikl gSA blfy, gh vfUre le; gh euq"; ds eq[k esa xaxk ty Mkyk tkrk gS vkSj tks xk; dh lsok djrk gS vkSj xk; dks i'kq ugha le>rk gS] mldh LoxZ dh lh<+h yx ldrh gSA

(27) tgka ij xk; dks nQuk;k tkrk gS mldk 60 ehVj dk {ks=k lnk mitkÅ gh jgrk gSA

uksV %&lHkh Hkkjrh; iapxO; ds mRikn gh iz;ksx djsa vius lkfFk;ksa dks Hkh izsfjr djsa rHkh gh xk; vkSj xkS'kkyk LokoyEch cu ldrh gSA

(16) Vh-ch- chekjh %& xk; ds lax jgus o xkSew=k ds lsou ls thou esa 'kkfUr o ØkfUr vkrh gS vkSj 5&6 ekl xk; ds lax ls Vh-ch- dk jksx lekIr gks tkrk gSA

(17) cka>iu %& tks dk;Z xk; ds ew=k ls ugha gksrk og dk;Z lkaM ds ew=k dks lwa?kus ls gh gks tkrk gS vkSj lkaM ds ew=k dks lw?kus ls vkSjr dk cka>iu nwj gks tkrk gS] ek=k 40 fnu rd ;g dk;Z djsA xk; ekrk dks T;knk ls T;knk tkSa f[kyk,a vkSj ftrus tkSa mlds xkScj esa vk tk,a mudksa /ks dj ikÅMj cuk ysaA ,d pEep xk; ds nw/ ds lkFk lqcg o ,d pEep 'kke ds le; ysus ls ek=k nks ekl esa cka>iu nwj gksrk gSA

(18) ekaxuk %& xk; ekrk ls tc dqN ekaxuk gS] rks xk; ekrk dks dqN f[kykdj vkSj ifjØek djds ekrk ds vkxs [kM+s gksdj o jks dj ekaxuk pkfg,A xÅ ekrk vius izlUu fpÙk ls mlh le; lHkh bPNk iw.kZ dj nsrh gSA tSlk fd uke nso th xÅ ekrk ds lkeus jks;s Fks vkSj ejh gqbZ xk; dks ftUnk djok fy;k FkkA

(19) xkscj %& xk; ekrk ds xkscj esa y{eh ekrk dk okl gSA blhfy, bldk ?kj esa ysi djus ls vUu /u (y{eh) dh o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj ftl Hkou dks xk; ds xkscj ls yhik tkrk gS mlesa ijek.kq 'kfDr dk Hkh dksbZ vlj ugha gksrkA

(20) xk; ds xkscj dk miyk %& xk; ds xkscj ds miys dks jkr dks ikuh dh ckYVh esa fHkxks nsa vkSj mldk ikuh lqcg rd yky gks tkrk gS] ml ikuh dks isM+ksa ij Lizs djus ls 14 fnu eas isM+ pkj ckj c<+rk gSaA

(21) tksr %& FkksM+k lk miyk ysdj mldks lqyxkdj xk; dh ?kh Mky ysa vkSj ?kj esa xk; ds ?kh ls tksr tyk,a] rks lkfRod ÅtkZ feyrh gS vkSj dhVksa dk uk'k gksrk gSA

(22) nar eatu %& xk; ds xkscj ds miys dh jk[k ls eatu djus ls nkarksa dh gj izdkj dh chekjh nwj gksrh gSA

(23) fexhZ %& xkscj ds jl dh 7&7 cwan ukd esa nksuksa rjQ Mkyus ls fexhZ dk jksx [kRe gks tkrk gS] tc nkSjk iM+k gks ml le; MkysaA

(24) vkSjrksa dh izlo ih<+k %& vkSjrksa dks izlo ihM+k gks] ml le; xkscj dk jl (1&2 pEep) FkksM+k ls fiykus ls cPpk lqxerk ls gksrk gSA

(25) ?kqVuksa dk nnZ %& lky Ms<+ lky dh cNM+h dk xkscj ysdj ?kqVuksa ij cka/us ls 'kjhj esa dgha ij nnZ gks mls xkscj dk ysi djus ls nnZ esa eqfDr feysxhA

(26) LoxZ dh lh<+h %& euq"; ds nlosa }kj dh nks pkfc;ka gSaA ,d pkch xaxk eS;k o nwljh pkch xk; ekrk ds ikl gSA blfy, gh vfUre le; gh euq"; ds eq[k esa xaxk ty Mkyk tkrk gS vkSj tks xk; dh lsok djrk gS vkSj xk; dks i'kq ugha le>rk gS] mldh LoxZ dh lh<+h yx ldrh gSA

(27) tgka ij xk; dks nQuk;k tkrk gS mldk 60 ehVj dk {ks=k lnk mitkÅ gh jgrk gSA

uksV %&lHkh Hkkjrh; iapxO; ds mRikn gh iz;ksx djsa vius lkfFk;ksa dks Hkh izsfjr djsa rHkh gh xk; vkSj xkS'kkyk LokoyEch cu ldrh gSA

izk.kh ugha izk.k gS ;s tkuoj ugha ns'k dh tku gS

;s xk; ekrk cpsxh rks ns'k cpsxk---!

nslh xk; ekrk ls gj chekjh dk byktnslh xk; ekrk ls gj chekjh dk bykt

jktho HkkbZ us tks T;ksfr izTofyr dh Fkh ml T;ksfr dks ns'k Hkj ds dksus&2 rd igq¡pkus ds fy, ;qok lkFkh gekjk lkFk ns jgs gS] ge vkidk Hkh vkokgu djrs gS fd vki Hkh gekjs lkFk tqM+s vkSj gekjs Økafrdkfj;ksa ds v/wjs liuksa dks iwjk djus esa gekjs lg;ksxh cusA

https://www.facebook.com/swdeshikranti\ Youtube : Lons'kh Økafr (Swdeshi Kranti)

Twitter : @swdeshikranti Email : swdeshikranti@gmail.com

djksM+ ifjokjksa rd

bl iqLrd dks igq¡pkuk rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ka

bl Kku dks Hkwy uk lds vius lkeF;Z ds vuqlkj vki Hkh viuh vkgqfr t:j MkysaA

oUns ekrje~Lons'kh Økafr ifjokjA

10

Lons'kh Øakfr ifjokj ds ladYi

1- Hkkjr dks Hkkjr dh ekU;rkvksa ds vk/kj ij [kM+k djukA2- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa f'k{kk o U;k; feysaA3- Lons'kh fpfdRlk O;oLFkkA4- xkSa vk/kfjr 'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrhA5- gj uxj o xkao esa ekStwn xkSa&pju Hkwfe xk; ekrk dks okfil fnyokukA6- jk"Vªh; fdlku vk;ksxA7- pquko lq/kj (jkbV Vw fjdky] jkbV Vw fjtsdV)A8- fczfV'k dkuwuksa dks [kRe dj Lons'kh U;k; O;oLFkk ykxw djuk (mnkgj.k &T;wjh flLVe ykxw

djuk)A9- Lons'kh ls Lokoyach HkkjrA10- T;knk ls T;knk xkSa mRikn [kjhnsA11- gkFk ls cuk diM+k flyok,aA12- viuh t:jrsa xkaoksa esa cus leku ls iwjh djsaA13-Qynkj o vkS"k/h; xq.kksa ls Hkjiqj gekjs ns'k esa o`{kksa dh

ctk; ydM+h dh deh ds uke ij lQsns o jsfxLrku jksdus ds uke ij fcuk xq.k okyh fons'kh dkcqyh dhdj dks T;knk la[;k esa yxk;k tk jgk gS D;ksfd vkus okyk le; vk;qosZn dk gS blfy, bl "kM+;=ka ds rgr ns'kh vkS"k/h; o Qy okys o`{kksa dks de fd;k tk jgk gSa rkfd ;s fu'kqYd :Ik esa yksxksa ls nwj gks tk;sa vkSj daifu;ka vk;qosZn o Qyksa dk egaxk O;kikj c<+k lds A blfy, unh] ugj] lM+d vkfn ds fdukjs vkS"k/h; ns'kh o`{k yxokus dk iz;Ru djs o vius vklikl Hkh vkS"k/h; o Qynkj nslh o`{k yxk;sa rkfd ;s lc gj vke vkneh dh igqap esa fu'kqYd jgs A

1- Hkkjr dks Hkkjr dh ekU;rkvksa ds vk/kj ij [kM+k djukA2- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa f'k{kk o U;k; feysaA3- Lons'kh fpfdRlk O;oLFkkA4- xkSa vk/kfjr 'kwU; ykxr izkd`frd [ksrhA5- gj uxj o xkao esa ekStwn xkSa&pju Hkwfe xk; ekrk dks okfil fnyokukA6- jk"Vªh; fdlku vk;ksxA7- pquko lq/kj (jkbV Vw fjdky] jkbV Vw fjtsdV)A8- fczfV'k dkuwuksa dks [kRe dj Lons'kh U;k; O;oLFkk ykxw djuk (mnkgj.k &T;wjh flLVe ykxw

djuk)A9- Lons'kh ls Lokoyach HkkjrA10- T;knk ls T;knk xkSa mRikn [kjhnsA11- gkFk ls cuk diM+k flyok,aA12- viuh t:jrsa xkaoksa esa cus leku ls iwjh djsaA13-Qynkj o vkS"k/h; xq.kksa ls Hkjiqj gekjs ns'k esa o`{kksa dh

ctk; ydM+h dh deh ds uke ij lQsns o jsfxLrku jksdus ds uke ij fcuk xq.k okyh fons'kh dkcqyh dhdj dks T;knk la[;k esa yxk;k tk jgk gS D;ksfd vkus okyk le; vk;qosZn dk gS blfy, bl "kM+;=ka ds rgr ns'kh vkS"k/h; o Qy okys o`{kksa dks de fd;k tk jgk gSa rkfd ;s fu'kqYd :Ik esa yksxksa ls nwj gks tk;sa vkSj daifu;ka vk;qosZn o Qyksa dk egaxk O;kikj c<+k lds A blfy, unh] ugj] lM+d vkfn ds fdukjs vkS"k/h; ns'kh o`{k yxokus dk iz;Ru djs o vius vklikl Hkh vkS"k/h; o Qynkj nslh o`{k yxk;sa rkfd ;s lc gj vke vkneh dh igqap esa fu'kqYd jgs A

dksbZ Hkh lkFkh ru eu ;k /u fdlh Hkh izdkj ls tqM+uk pkgrk gS rks fuEufyf[kr ij lEidZ djsa &

lUnhi pgy & 9468352783 (ujokuk)lUnhi pgy & 9468352783 (ujokuk)

iznhi <kaMk & 9467588248 (dSFky)iznhi <kaMk & 9467588248 (dSFky)fouksn lSuh & 9354977071 (iq.Mjh)fouksn lSuh & 9354977071 (iq.Mjh)

MkW- vfer (gksE;ksiSfFkd) & 7831018777 (fg-iz-)MkW- vfer (gksE;ksiSfFkd) & 7831018777 (fg-iz-)Jhefr vi.kkZ iqjh th & 9501212189 (iapdwyk)Jhefr vi.kkZ iqjh th & 9501212189 (iapdwyk)vefjUnz xxZ & 9729619647 (vEckyk)vefjUnz xxZ & 9729619647 (vEckyk)ujsUnz <kaMk & 9050186270 (paMhx<+)ujsUnz <kaMk & 9050186270 (paMhx<+)

MkW iznhi jksfgyk (iapxO;)&9896312726 (gfj;k.kk)MkW iznhi jksfgyk (iapxO;)&9896312726 (gfj;k.kk)