*Spcification conjointe et cohrente de connaissances par des modles objets et des ontologies- application aux expressions temporelles -Cyril Faucher (1re inscription en 2009)Directeur de thse : Jean-Yves LafayeEncadrant : Frdric BertrandED S2I (Sciences et Ingnierie pour lInformation)cyril.faucher@univ-lr.frL3i

IntroductionContextevnements culturelsInformation temporellevnements rcurrents et souvent priodiques

ConstatLes systmes dinformation stockent des dates doccurrences dvnements en extension (toutes les dates doccurrences)

Ncessit de grer des informations temporelles priodiquesexprimes des proprits temporelles en intension et non en extensionIntension [Carnap] :tous les jeudis de mai de chaque anne de 14h 16h Extension :{ , de 2010-05-20T14:00:00 2010-05-20T16:00:00,de 2010-05-27T14:00:00 2010-05-27T16:00:00, }*

IntroductionDun point de vue scientifiqueUtilisation conjointe de diffrents espaces techniques pour profiter du meilleur de chacun pour rsoudre des problmesModlisation, transformation de modles avec lIngnierie Dirige par les Modles (IDM)Validation avec la conception par contrats (invariant, pre et post conditions)Smantique avec les logiques de description et lIngnierie des Connaissances (IC)

Les objectifsFournir lutilisateur un moyen de capturer et dinterroger une information en intensionReformuler ces expressions dans un langage formelValider structurellement et smantiquement les expressions, infrer des connaissancesFournir un modle pivot assurant linteroprabilit entre des applications*

IntroductionCas dutilisationsPriodes daccessibilit (muse, cinma, restaurant, )Textes rglementaires (pche pied)Gestion de tches (processus mtiers)*

Etat de lartModles temporelsRelations dAllenISO 19108, iCalendar, TimeML [Pustejovsky], OWL-Time [Pan]Contraintes temporelles [Dechter, Terenziani]Evnements priodiques [Anselma, Terenziani]

Ingnierie Dirige par les Modles (IDM)Mta-modlisation, transformation de modles, composition de modles [Bzivin, France, Muller, Schmidt]Mapping objet ontologie [Hillairet, Silva Parreiras]Outils associs : EMF, Kermeta, ATL, xText

Ingnierie des Connaissances (IC)Vue ontologique des modlesLangages de rgles (SWRL)Raisonnement (Pellet)*

Plan*Un modle pour les vnements priodiques

Un langage textuel contrl pour exprimer des proprits temporelles

Vrification des expressions temporellesStructurellementSmantiquement

ApplicationsPriodes daccessibilitRglementation de la pche pied

Conclusion et perspectives

1. Periodic Temporal Model*Besoins pour le modle temporel

Instant / Period: du 10/05/2010 au 11/05/2010 Periodic interval: de 14h 16h Exception: sauf entre le 1er juillet et le 31 aot Relative expression: 3 heures avant la Basse Mer Periodic interval with relative expressions:start: de 3 heures avant la Basse Merend: 3 heures aprs la mme Basse Mer Periodic time span: toutes les heures entre le 10 et le 15 mars

1. Periodic Temporal ModelApproche gnrique*intgrer des normestendre avec des concepts mtierproduire des applicatifs oprationnelsCe qui se concrtise en un modle pivot assurant linteroprabilit entre les applicationsCode gnr (API Java) pour instancier et manipuler les modles

1. Periodic Temporal ModelISO 19108 standardTime geometry: Instant, Period, Allens relations*iCalendar formatPeriodic intervalException (+ periodic exception)Concepts additionnels propossRelative expressionPeriodic time spanProduction dune implmentation oprationnelle partir des modles.A terme, il est envisag un systme formel (systmes de rgles, ontologies, SWRL)

1. Periodic Temporal OccurrenceBas sur les concepts de PeriodRule, Frequency*

1. Relative position Relative expression: 3 heures avant la Basse Mer Allens relations*Dfinition dun intervalle entre 2 expressions temporelles avec les relations dAllen

1. Periodic Temporal Occurrence*occurrencestfrom each 5th day to each 7th day of each week during the first 3 weeks of each month from 2008 to 2010

2. Un langage textuel contrl pour exprimer des proprits temporelles*Utilisateur saisie des expressions temporelles avec un diteur contextuelModel Driven Engineering Techniques: EMF, xText

2. Un langage textuel contrl pour exprimer des proprits temporelles*PeriodicRule : ('(identified by 'name=ID')')? (frequency=Frequency)? ('using a time span as ' validity+=PeriodicTimeSpan)* ('time extent ' ruleExtent=TM_Period )?;

FreqWithDurationRef : ( (times=INT 'times') | // times is fixed to 1 ('during one' referenceDuration=Duration 'period') | (times=INT 'times during one referenceDuration=Duration 'period') ) ('and starts on' startTime=TM_Instant)?;Grammar (xText)Temporal Model

3. Vrification des expressions temporelles1. StructurellementCardinalitsUn intervalle possde un dbut et une fin ou bien un dbut et une dureClassiquement en modlisation => OCL

2. SmantiquementJANVIER suit DECEMBRE de lanne prcdente=> Ncessit de spcifier la smantique du calendrier*

3.2 Modle de calendrier*

6me semaine de chaque mois

6me semaine de chaque anne

Janvier 2010 suit dcembre 2009

Dcembre 2009 prcde janvier 20093.2 Modle de calendrier*Base de connaissanceModle du calendrierExpressions temporelles Dfinition de rglesEspace technique : objet conception par contratsEspace technique : logique de descriptionUn mois est compos de 4 5 semainesUne anne est compose de 52 53 semaines

3.3 Exemple dinterrogation en intension (prospectif)*RequtesEst-ce quun muse est ouvert le 20/05/2010 ?Promotion : extension -> intension : ouvert tous les jeudisRecherche dans la base de connaissance des expressions du type tous les jeudistous les jours (changement de granularit)

Rponse du systme : logique ternaireVRAIFAUX? (inconnu)

4. Applications*Priodes daccessibilitRglementation de la Pche pied

4.1 Priode daccessibilitPriode daccs dun lieu exprim en intensionLe muse est ouvert tous les jours de 10h 19h sauf le lundiLe restaurant est ferm les 1re et 2me semaines davrilDomain Specific Model (DSM)

*

4.1 Priode daccessibilitTransformation de modles pour instancier le modle temporel*Interoprabilit

4.1 Acquisition et modlisation de connaissances temporelles- du texte en langage naturel au texte contrl -*La chane de traitement a t exprimente sur un corpus de 513 expressions fournies par RelaxNewsExpression saisie : Ouvert du lundi au vendredi, de 9h 18h. Nocturne le jeudi jusqu' 22h. Ferm le 18 mai.

4.2 Rglementation de la Pche pied*

Texte rglementaire :Digging is prohibited each year, from 9 pm to 6 am between July 1st and August 31st. Out of these periods, digging is allowed from 3 hours before low tide up to 3 hours after the same low tide (according to the tide almanac in Douarnenez).

Simulation dactivits humainesSystme Multi-Agent: DAHU (Dynamique des Activits HUmaines)Comportement des Agents sous contraintesCalendrier de Pratique Potentielle de la pche pied la Telline

5. Conclusions et perspectivesUn modle gnrique dexpressions temporelles pour modliser des phnomnes priodiquesExtension de la norme ISO 19108Expressions temporelles en intension ( linverse dextension)Un environnement de saisie contrle2 cas dutilisations pour exprimenter les approches dont 1 industriel

Complter les contraintes pour la validation smantique des expressionsOntologies, langages de rgles (SWRL)Prolog langages de preuve formelle

Granularit des expressions temporellesComparaison dexpressions en intensionRequtes partir dexpressions en intension*

DissminationConferences (publication)Faucher C., Lafaye J.Y., Bertrand F., Teissdre C., "Modlisation et reformulation dexpressions temporelles extraites de textes en langage naturel", AFADL 2010 (10es Journes Francophones Internationales sur les Approches Formelles dans l'Assistance au Dveloppement de Logiciels), 9-11 June 2010, Poitiers (France), 4 p., 2010Faucher C., Tissot C., Lafaye J.Y., Bertrand F., "Benefits of a periodic temporal model for the simulation of human activities", GeoVA(t) (Geospatial Visual Analytics: Focus on Time) Workshop at AGILE 2010, 10-11 May 2010, Guimaraes (Portugal), 2010

Atelier / GDR / Sminaire (prsentation)Faucher C., Bertrand F., Lafaye J.-Y., "Gnration dun mtamodle de composants graphiques partir de la spcification dune bibliothque de composants Web", Atelier IDM-IHM, 09-10 March 2010, Pau (France), 2010Participation au GDR MAGIS : "Analyse des dynamiques spatiales et simulation; pour un dbroussaillage du temps en gomatique"GdT Sido : "Composition de modles Ecore avec Kompose - Composition de mtamodles -"*

DissminationJournal (soumis)Faucher C., Tissot C., Lafaye J.Y., Bertrand F., Brosset D., Rouan M., Benefits of a periodic temporal model for the simulation of human activities, GeoVA(t) special issue in JLBS (Journal of Location Based Services)

Conference (soumis)Faucher C., Teissdre C., Lafaye J.Y., Bertrand F., Temporal Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling, EKAW 2010 (17th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management), Lisboa (Portugal)

Revue nationale (en cours)Numro spcial RIG (Revue Internationale de Gomatique) dans le cadre du GDR MAGIS

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+ + + + + +*

1. Calendar Periodic Descriptor*Periodic time intervalfrom each 5th day of each first week of the monthto each 7th day of each first week of the month

1. ExceptionsSuppression doccurrencesInstants, periods, periodic rules ou relative positions*Exception: sauf du 1er juillet au 31 aot

4.2 Rglementation de la pche pied//NightThe event occurs periodically according to the rule(s) below- rule: (identified by night) 1 timesfrom each 21st hour of each day to each 06th hour of each day//Low tideThe event occurs periodically according to the rule(s) below- rule: (identified by low_tide)

//Telline seashell diggingThe event occurs periodically according to the rule(s) below//3 hours before the begin of the "low tide"//3 hours after the end of the "low tide" - rule: from 3 hours before low_tide to 3 hours after low_tide//Exceptionsexcept a relative position without gap equals nightand except from each July to each August

*Digging is prohibited each year, from 9 pm to 6 am between July 1st to August 31st. Out of these periods, digging is allowed from 3 hours before low tide up to 3 hours after the same low tide (according to the tide almanac in Douarnenez).

4.2 Couplage de DAHU avec le modle temporel*ownsDAHUAgents

4.2 Rsultats de simulationExemple de statistiques journalires*Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4

This contribution aims to show how temporal properties from a human activities simulator can be externalized and modelled.Outputs of a simulation are maps for analizing human activities and for decision making, optimisationThe use case is based on the Telline seashell digging.*This contribution aims to show how temporal properties from a human activities simulator can be externalized and modelled.Outputs of a simulation are maps for analizing human activities and for decision making, optimisationThe use case is based on the Telline seashell digging.*This contribution aims to show how temporal properties from a human activities simulator can be externalized and modelled.Outputs of a simulation are maps for analizing human activities and for decision making, optimisationThe use case is based on the Telline seashell digging.*The rest of the presentation is divided in 4 parts *This model describes the part concerning the relative expressions and that shows the usage of the Allens relations to define relative position.*This figure represents the occurrences following the temporal expressionsWe can see the occurrrence beginning, end and removed occurrence by an exception

*A textual controlled language to express periodical phenomena has been created in order to offer to the user a tool for editing models like a text.This tool is composed of a text editor with content assist to ease the typing of the temporal expressions.*The controlled text is based on a grammar and this grammar is linked directly with the concepts in the modelFor the class Periodic Rule, the attribute ruleExtent, thus for each concept in the model we are able to associate it with a grammar partThe Texts, that are using the grammar, are conform to the model.On the models, we can define constraints and check them to validate a model*A potential practice schedule is designed as a temporal cyclic representation with the seasons and months.Each belt reprensents a constraint like sale price, tidal coefficient, weather condition and regulation.We are focusing on the regulation one.The regulation constraint defines when the digging is allowed or prohibited.The text corresponding to the regulation is composed of temporal expressions that are reccurrentsIn other word, periodic temporal expressions*The proposed temporal is generic, extends the ISO standard and is compliant with iCalendarThis model keeps the semantic of the regulation text by using temporal expressions in intension instead in extensionIn future, we wish to externalise more diagnostics in the temporal manager and we wish to study the reusability of temporal expressions between agents*The proposed temporal is generic, extends the ISO standard and is compliant with iCalendarThis model keeps the semantic of the regulation text by using temporal expressions in intension instead in extensionIn future, we wish to externalise more diagnostics in the temporal manager and we wish to study the reusability of temporal expressions between agents*The proposed temporal is generic, extends the ISO standard and is compliant with iCalendarThis model keeps the semantic of the regulation text by using temporal expressions in intension instead in extensionIn future, we wish to externalise more diagnostics in the temporal manager and we wish to study the reusability of temporal expressions between agents*Following the use case, you can see the controlled text corresponding to the Telline regulation**The user can interact with DAHU Textual editor DAHU UI the user can see the output like maps*