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European Road Safety Day
What makes a road a safe road ?
Service d’études sur les transports, les routes et leurs aménagements
www.setra.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
Brussels / 13 october 2010Rodolphe CHASSANDE-MOTTIN
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 2
Outline
Seven criteria for Road Safety 4
Global procedures 12
Conclusion 19
Introduction 3
Pages
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 3
Introduction Sustainable Road Safety means systemic approach
HUMAN
VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE
Ergonomics
Comfort
Biological rules
Physics laws
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 4
HUMAN
VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (1/8)
Linked to the infrastructure
Vehicle dynamicsRoad shoulders
Roadside obstacles
VisibilityRoad legibility
Road coherenceTraffic management
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 5
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (2/8)
VisibilityVisibility Do the road users have enough time (= distance), without
obstruction, to see an event, a traffic sign, a junction ?
Junction in a curve Bend after a hilltop
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 6
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (3/8)
LegibilityLegibility Do the information sent by the infrastructure are enough
clear and unambiguous to be understood by road users ?
Which sign do you see and understand in 1 second ?
For this curve, trust the road, not the sign !
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 7
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (4/8)
Vehicle DynamicsVehicle Dynamics Do the road characteristics (crossfall, grip, surface) avoid
vehicle dynamics problems (skidding…) ?
Bad surface grip due to bleeding Surface with long waves
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 8
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (5/8)
Road shouldersRoad shoulders Can an user, running off the road, takes back control of its
vehicle, using road shoulders ?
Loose gravels = Loss of grip on the road shoulder
High difference > 6 cm between the road and the verge
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 9
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (6/8)
ObstaclesObstacles Are roadside obstacles deleted, or moved, or isolated in
order to reduce the consequences of run-off-road accidents ?
Natural obstacles (trees) and artificial ones (pipe head)
When road equipments become obstacles
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 10
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (7/8)
Road coherenceRoad coherence Are all the road elements (speed limitation, traffic signs,
road marking, cross section) coherent with the function of the road ?
High speed limit with cycle path, parking area and build-up area.
Rural environment, no transition area but a city sign => speed limit
is 50 km/h
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 11
Seven Criteria for Road Safety (8/8)
Traffic managementTraffic management Do the road design allows all categories of users to walk,
drive or ride safely ?
Footway near a college Cars are parked on the footway pedestrians must
walk on the carriageway
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 12
Global procedures (1/7)
Two complementary methodologies: - Preventive methodologies (Road Safety Impact Assessment, Road
Safety Inspections, Road Safety Audits)
- Reactive methodologies (Network Safety Management)
Methodologies developed and improved with international exchanges (PIACR, CEDR, Bilateral
cooperations) Included in the spirit of the EU Directive
2008/96/EC
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 13
Global procedures (2/7)
The European Directive on Road Infrastructure Safety Management
- should be transposed on National Law before 19 December 2010
- technical guidelines should be published before 19 December 2011
- This Directive, for France, will be transposed for the National Road Network (> 20 000 km)
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 14
Global procedures (3/7): RSIA
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 15
Global procedures (4/7): RSA
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 16
Global procedures (5/7)
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
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Global procedures (6/7): RSI
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 18
Global procedures (7/7): NSM
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 19
Conclusion What makes a road a sustainable safe road ?
- A systemic approach (on the infrastructure / the driver / the vehicle)
- Complemantary methodologies (preventive / reactive) - A structured reasoning (stake analysis / diagnosis / action plan / evaluation)
- An action based on the understanding of accidents, adapted to the local context - An optimisation of public money (benefit/cost ratio)
- A mix of a self-explanatory road (easy to understand) and a forgiving road (which gives users a chance to avoid an accident or to reduce the gravity of an accident)
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Titre et sous-titreWhat makes a road a safe road ?
Date de l'exposéBrussels – 13 october 2010 20
Obstacles Railway crossings Landscape and legibility Stake analysis Road Safety Inspections
