Jean-Claude ANDRE - L'homme et le climat : géoingénierie réparatrice ?

7/22/2019 Jean-Claude ANDRE - L'homme et le climat : géoingénierie réparatrice ?

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I‘Onkkb bt ib cihkdt5

Aènhfaèfhbrhb rèpdrdtrhcb >

Ebdf-Cidu`b Df`rèDcd`èkhb `bs schbfcbs



I‘onkkb `èpbf`dft

Ldcb du cihkdt

Bvniuthnf cihkdthqub, dièds, hftbkpèrhbs5 khardthnfs,rèvniuthnfs, …

Jbsnhf `b prèvnhr

Nrdcibs bt `bvhfsI‘hfquhshthnf bf LrdfcbInh dfaidhsb `b 4<11 cnf`dkfdft du j÷cobr ibskètènrninaubs, tdxès `b snrcbiibrhbs (djrnaèb bf … 4828 !)

Jbsnhf `‘dahr

Cdrhiinffbr ibs cincobs, thrbr `dfs ibs fudabs, …



Id kn`hlhcdthnf (`bs)bspèrèb ù tbkps



Id kn`hlhcdthnf schbfthlhqub ù tbkps

Euhiibt 48?<, E. Cihkdtb Dppi. Kbtbnr., :2, 841 –821

Kdhf Zbsuits nl Arnssvbrsuco H\J. Lb`brbr, D. Qdi`vnabi, Q. Scokh`, O. O. Scohbssbr, L. Odkpbi, Kdrhdffb Scowbhfarujbr, Q.

Stdobi, E. Jd`br, E. L. Kbzbhx, Fd`hb @nrds, A. @'Dujhafy, A. @brKbarb`htcohdf df` @. \bftn

Pob kdhf rbsuits nl d rdf`nkhzb` odhi supprbsshnf bxpbrhkbft,Arnssvbrsuco H\, drb prbsbftb` hf tohs pdpbr. Arnssvbrsuco H\ tbstb` tob ’Snvhbt‛ odhiprbvbfthnf kbton` ùrhfa lhvb ybdrs (4811 –?4). Pob lhbi` bxpbrhkbft tnng pidcb hfcbftrdi Swhtzbridf` whto tob pdrthchpdthnf nl rbsbdrco arnups lrnk Lrdfcb, Htdiy df`Swhtzbridf`.

D vbry `bfsb odhipd` fbtwnrg (33= odhipd`s nvbr 43== gk:) df` d cdrbluiiycdihjrdtb` 4=-ck rd`dr wbrb usb` tn kbdsurb hf twn hf`bpbf`bft wdys tob odhi ghfbthc

bfbray nl sbb`b` df` ufsbb`b` odhi cbiis. Pob tntdi sdkpib hfciu`b` :4< cbiis. Pobkdhf rbsuit nl tob cnflhrkdtnry ds wbii ds knst nl tob bxpinrdtnry dfdiysbs hs todttobrb hs fn stdthsthcdiiy shafhlhcdft ̀ hllbrbfcb jbtwbbf sbb`b` df` ufsbb`b` odhicbiis. D `btdhib` `hscusshnf nl tob rbihdjhihty nl tob kbdsurbkbfts, tbsts df` kbton`shs ahvbf tnabtobr whto d `hscusshnf djnut pnsshjhihthbs nl luturb bvdiudthnfs nl tobArnssvbrsuco H\ `dtd df` ntobr cinu` sbb`hfa bxpbrhkbfts.



Ib cnftrðib "schbfthlhqub" ù tbkps

"@b id `nkbsthcdthnf `bs pdphiinfs"

Onllkdf :==:



Rf drthlhcb hfvninftdhrb … dffnfcè

Ensbpo Lnurhbr, 4?:05 Dffdibs `b cohkhb bt `b poyshqubIbs adz `b i'dtknspoïrb tbrrbstrb duakbftbft idtbkpèrdturb í sd surldcb (toènrhb `b i‘èquhihjrb dvbc id

codibur njscurb)

Svdftb Drrobfhus, 4?8<5 @b i'hfliubfcb `b i'dch`bcdrjnfhqub `dfs i'dhr sur id tbkpèrdturb `b id tbrrbIb `nujibkbft `b id qudfthtè `b CN: cnfùht í ufrècodullbkbft `‘bfvhrnf 2½



Rf drthlhcb hfvninftdhrb … tðt `ècbiè

Zhn

488:

AHBC DZ4488=

Gbbihfa

482?



Ib codfabkbft cihkdthqub bf kdrcob

H]CC DZ2, :=40



I‘odjhtdjhihtè `b id pidfïtb bf qubsthnf

H]CC DZ2, :=40



Ibs 3 vnhbs

Zèùcthnf `bs èkhsshnfsBfbrahbs fnf cdrjnfèbsCodfabkbft `bs prdthqubs (darhcnibs, snchdibs, …)

D`dptdthnfDarhcuiturb bt lnrbstbrhb 5 codfabkbft `‘bspïcbs, NAK, …

Jhn`hvbrshtè5 rèsbrvbs, cnrrh`nrs `b khardthnfs, … Aèfhb chvhi5 prntbcthnf znfbs cðthïrbs, …

Bdu5 `èsdihfhsdthnf, rbcycidab, … Btc ..

Aènhfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub

Pnutb tbcofhqub `b kdfhpuidthnf `èihjèrèb bt í ardf`b ècobiib `bi‘bfvhrnffbkbft `nft ib jut bst `b cnftrbcdrrbr ibcodfabkbft cihkdthqub

- Adafbr ù tbkps- Ldhrb ldcb í i‘urabfcb - Kbhiiburb npthnf

Sniuthnf ditbrfdthvb nu pidf J >



Aènhfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub5

qubiibs prnpnshthnfs >S‘dttdqubr dux cdusbs5

Duakbftbr i‘djsnrpthnf ù CN: dtknspoèrhqub (C@Z)Cdpturb dtknspoèrhqubJhn(Abn)codrStncgdab aèninahqub

Lbrthihsdthnf `bs ncèdfsDccrnhssbkbft `b i‘djsnrpthnf vèaètdib

S‘dttdqubr dux sykptðkbs 5@hkhfubr ib rdynffbkbft snidhrb hfch`bft (SZK)

Jidfcohr ibs surldcbsBcidhrchr ibs fudabs jdsZèùhrb ibs fudabs èibvèsZèliècohr ib rdynffbkbft snidhrb `dfs id strdtnspoïrbKhrnhrs `dfs i‘bspdcb

(kdhs ducuf bllbt sur i‘dch`hlhcdthnf `bs ncèdfs)



Cdpturb dtknspoèrhqub `hrbctb

Djsnrpthnf pdr ufb sniuthnf `‘nxy`b

`b cdichuk (CdN), `‘oy`rnxy`b `b

sn`huk (FdNO), …

Ldhjib `hiuthnf bt

ardf`bs surldcbs `b cdptdab





Stncgdab aèninahqub

Stncgbr ib CN: cdptè`dfs `bs rèsbrvnhrsprnlnf`s

Hfstdiidthnfs inur`bs bt `bkdf`dft`b trïs lnrts hfvbsthssbkbfts. Bxpèrhbfcbs

djdf`nffèbs dux ]dys-Jds, bf Dustrdihb



Lbrthihsdthnf `bs ncèdfs

Lnrts rhsqubs cniidtèrdux`‘hkpdcts dcch`bftbis btfèadthls sur ibs ècnsystïkbs

kdrhfs

Sthkuidthnf pdr bfrhcohssbkbftbf futrhkbfts (Lb) `b idpontnsyftoïsb pdr ibpoytnpidfctnf, puhs stncgdabprnlnf` ù cdrjnfb hfaèrè

pdr ib znnpidfctnf



Lbrthihsdthnf `bs ncèdfs

Pob Cdihlnrfhd-jdsb` cnkpdfy]idfgtns ods hf`blhfhtbiy pnstpnfb`hts ncbdf-lbrthihzdthnf prnebct

Fdturb :==?

IDONLB_5 := P `b Lb sur3== gk: `b i‘OS5 Khcrndiaubscnfsnkkèbs pdr `bscnpèpn`bs

ottp5//www.dwh.`b/bf/fbws/



Bcidhrchr ibs fudabs jds

Dccrnætrb ib fnkjrb `banuttbibttbs `bs fudabsjds pnur duakbftbribur dijb`n

Kc Fbhii, :==<

Kècdfhskb í bftrbtbfhr bf pbrkdfbfcbBllbts incdux, suscbpthjibs `b `ècibfcobr

`bs bllbts í `hstdfcb (dtknspoïrb bt ncèdf)



Zèùhrb ibs fudabs èibvès

Dccrnætrb id tdhiib `bs crhstdux `b aidcb`dfs ibs chrrus pnur ibs ldhrb `hspdrdætrbpius rdph`bkbft

Bllbts hfcnffus sur id

`yfdkhqub dtknspoèrhqub

Khtcobii, :=4:



Zèliècohr ib rdynffbkbft snidhrb `dfs id

strdtnspoïrb

]nsshjhihtè `‘bllbts oy`rninahqubs hfùhts (knussnfs). Bllbts hfcnffus sur i‘nznfb,

ibs fudabs èibvès, id prnùcthnf jhninahqub

Crutzbf, :==<

Hfebctbr `bs dèrnsnissnulrès í odutb dithtu`bpnur hkhtbr i‘bllbt

rblrnh`hssdft ̀ bsèrupthnfs vnicdfhqubs



Zèliècohr ib rdynffbkbft snidhrb `dfs id

strdtnspoïrb

I‘bxpèrhbfcb `b

ldhsdjhihtè S]HCB(Strdtnspobrhc]drthcib Hfebcthnf lnr

Cihkdtb Bfahfbbrhfa)

Dffuidthnf `b i‘bxpèrhkbftdthnf

pnur rdhsnf `b cnfliht `‘hftèråt



Khrnhrs `dfs i‘bspdcb

Dfabi :==<

Zèlibctburs du pnhft `b Idardfab I4

’`bvbinpb` df` `bpinyb`hf :2 ybdrs lnr d lbwtrhiihnf `niidrs, 9=.2% nlwnri` A@]"



]rbkhïrb dfdiysb `bs prnpnshthnfs

"Abnbfahfbbrhfa tob cihkdtb. Schbfcb, anvbrfdfcb df` ufcbrtdhfty "(Znydi Kbtbnrninahcdi Snchbty, :==8)



Tu‘bf cnfciurb >

Ibs rètrndcthnfs bt ibs hfcbrthtu`bsIbs kn`ïibs cihkdthqubs snft his dssbz lhdjibs pnur eusthlhbr bt npèrbr

ufb aènhfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub…

]rhfchpb `b prècduthnf

Ib rbjnf`

Tub sb pdssbrdht hi sh ibs hftbrvbfthnfs cbssdhbft >

Id anuvbrfdfcbTuh `èch`b, sur qubis crhtïrbs >



Codfabkbft `b tbkpèrdturb

dvbc bt sdfs aènhfaèfhbrhb

Codfabkbft `b tbkpèrdturb (½C) `dfs ufb shkuidthnfh`èdihsèb nø ib lnrádab rd`hdthl, `÷ í uf qud`rupibkbft `b idcnfcbftrdthnf bf CN:, d ètè cnkpbfsè pdr ufb `hkhfuthnf `b id cnfstdftb snidhrb. Nf d rbprèsbftè bf cnuibur ibs rèahnfs

nø ibs 0 kn`ïibs cihkdthqubs dydft rèdihsè i‘bxpèrhbfcb shkuibft uf codfabkbft `b kåkb shafb. (@‘dprïs Scokh`t bt di.(:=4:), suhvdft ib prntncnib bxpèrhkbftdi `ètdhiiè `dfs Grdvhtz bt di. (:=44). © Crbdthvb Cnkknf Ihcbfsb).



Codfabkbft `b prèchphtdthnfs


Codfabkbft `b prèchphtdthnf (kk/df) `dfs ufb shkuidthnf h`èdihsèb nø ib lnrádab rd`hdthl, `÷ í uf qud`rupibkbft `b idcnfcbftrdthnf bf CN:, d ètè cnkpbfsè pdr ufb `hkhfuthnf`b id cnfstdftb snidhrb. Nf d rbprèsbftè bf cnuibur ibs rèahnfs

nø ibs 0 kn`ïibs cihkdthqubs dydft rèdihsè i‘bxpèrhbfcb shkuibft uf codfabkbft `b kåkb shafb. (@‘dprïs Scokh`t bt di.(:=4:), suhvdft ib prntncnib bxpèrhkbftdi `ètdhiiè `dfs Grdvhtz bt di. (:=44). © Crbdthvb Cnkknf Ihcbfsb).



I‘bllbt rbjnf`

Znss & Kdttobws,:==8



Anuvbrfdfcb `b id aènhfaèfhbrhb 5

Ibs 2 prhfchpbs `‘Nxlnr`

4. Abnbfahfbbrhfa tn jb rbauidtb` ds d pujihc ann`.

:. ]ujihc pdrthchpdthnf hf abnbfahfbbrhfa `bchshnf-kdghfa

3. @hscinsurb nl abnbfahfbbrhfa rbsbdrco df` npbfpujihcdthnf nl rbsuits

0. Hf`bpbf`bft dssbsskbft nl hkpdcts

2. Anvbrfdfcb jblnrb `bpinykbft

ottp5//www.abnbfahfbbrhfa.nx.dc.ug



Ibs 3 vnhbs

Id auèrhsnf

Ib trdhtbkbft pdiihdthl

Id kè`bchfb pdrdiiïib

Kbrch `b vntrb dttbfthnf





Cnfstdt `‘ècobc … kdhs rblus `b vnhr !

Ibs lusèbs pbrkbttbft duxdarhcuitburs `b prntèabr ibursrècnitbs `bs rdvdabs `b id aråib bfbfvnydft `dfs ibs fudabs nrdabux`b i'hnùrb `'drabft.

Ibs lusèbs <40 snft ldchibs

í uthihsbr, c'bst uf hfvbsthssbkbftùrdjib `b ldhjib cn÷t. Hi sullht `'hkpidftbr `bs pnstbs `b thr tnusibs 4 nu : ghinkïtrbs bt `b thrbr í idjdsb `bs cbiiuibs nrdabusbs codqublnhs qub `b jbsnhf.

Fns èquhpbs cnkkbrchdibs

snft í vntrb `hspnshthnf pnur vnuscnfsbhiibr sur cbs prnùhts.

=.== ₩ OP, fnus cnfsuitbr

4?a `'hnùrb `'drabftDiiukdab èibctrhqub í `hstdfcb@ètnfdtbur snih`dhrb ùprnpuisbur (hfdccbsshjib)

Dithtu`b 5 48== kïtrbsBxpinshl fhtrdtèLusbidab bf pidsthqubIhvrèb pdr cdhssb `b 4: lusèbsbxciushvbkbft bf : cnihs sèpdrès(i'uf cnftbfdft ibs nahvbs edufbs,

i'dutrb cnftbfdft ibs prnpuisbursvbrts)



E. Lnurhbr bt i‘bllbt `b sbrrb

Lnurhbr bst prnjdjibkbft i'uf ̀ bs prbkhbrs í dvnhr prnpnsè, bf 4?:0, ufb toènrhb sbinfidqubiib ibs adz ̀ b i'dtknspoïrb tbrrbstrb duakbftbft id tbkpèrdturb í sd surldcb – c'bst ufb prbkhïrb èjducob `b i'bllbt `b sbrrb. Sbs trdvdux sur id codibur ib pnussïrbftí ètu`hbr ibs èquhihjrbs èfbraèthqubs sur ibs pidfïtbs 5 biibs rbánhvbft i'èfbrahb snuslnrkb `b rdynffbkbft í pdrthr `'uf cbrtdhf fnkjrb `b snurcbs – cb quh duakbftb iburtbkpèrdturb – kdhs bf pbr`bft èadibkbft pdr rd`hdthnf hflrdrnuab (cb qu'hi dppbidht

« codibur njscurb ·) ̀ 'dutdft pius qub id tbkpèrdturb bst èibvèb – cb quh tbf` í`hkhfubr cbttb `brfhïrb. Nf dttbhft `nfc uf èquhihjrb, bt i'dtknspoïrb ldvnrhsb ibstbkpèrdturbs pius èibvèbs bf ihkhtdft ibs pbrtbs `b codibur. Hi fb put cbpbf`dft`ètbrkhfbr dvbc prèchshnf cbt èquhihjrb, bt id inh ̀ b Stbldf-Jnitzkdff, quh ̀ nffb idpuhssdfcb ù rdynffbkbft ù cnrps fnhr, fb sbrd ètdjihb qub chfqudftb dfs pius tdr`.Dinrs qub i'bllbt `b sbrrb bst duenur`'ouh í id jdsb ̀ b id cihkdtninahb, Lnurhbr bstlrèqubkkbft chtè cnkkb ib prbkhbr í dvnhr prèsbftè cbttb fnthnf (vnhr pdr bxbkpibEnof Onuaotnf). Cbs chtdthnfs prbffbft snuvbft id `dtb `b 4?:1 cnkkb prbkhïrbèvncdthnf `b i'bllbt `b sbrrb pdr Lnurhbr. ]nurtdft i'drthcib chtè bf 4?:1 f'bst qu'ufb

fnuvbiib vbrshnf ̀ b i'drthcib nrhahfdi pujihè ̀ dfs ibs Dffdibs `b cohkhb bt ̀ b poyshqub bf4?:0.Hi s'dppuydht sur i'bxpèrhbfcb ̀ b K. `b Sdussurb, cnfshstdft í pidcbr ufb jnætb fnhrb snusid iukhïrb ù snibhi. Tudf` nf pidcb ufb pidqub `b vbrrb du-`bssus `b id jnætb, idtbkpèrdturb í i‘hftèrhbur duakbftbW<[. Id rd`hdthnf hflrdrnuab lut `ècnuvbrtb pdrQhiihdk Obrscobi vhfat dfs dprïs.

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_serre


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_de_Stefan-Boltzmann





http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_de_chimie_et_de_physique


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure











S. Drrobfhus bt i‘bllbt `b sbrrb

Id toènrhb ̀ b i'bllbt ̀ b sbrrbWkn`hlhbr | kn`hlhbr ib cn`b[

• \nuidft cnkprbf`rb bt bxpihqubr ib cycib ̀ bs aidchdthnfs, Svdftb Drrobfhus d èidjnrè ufb toènrhb quh rbihbi‘duakbftdthnf ù CN: dtknspoèrhqub í ufb duakbftdthnf sbfshjib ̀ bs tbkpèrdturbs tbrrbstrbs bf rdhsnf ̀ 'uf« bllbt `b sbrrb · `÷ í id vdpbur `‘bdu bt í i‘dch`b cdrjnfhqub (CN: ̀ hssnus ̀ dfs id vdpbur ̀ 'bdu). Hi d ètè hfliubfcè`dfs cb trdvdhi pdr ̀ 'dutrbs cobrcoburs, ̀ nft Ensbpo Lnurhbr.

@dfs uf drthcib hfthtuiè « @b i'hfliubfcb `b i'dch`b cdrjnfhqub `dfs i'dhr… sur id tbkpèrdturb `b id tbrrb ·, pujihè bf 4?8<W:[, hibsthkb qu'uf ̀ nujibkbft ̀ u tdux ̀ b CN: cdusbrdht uf rècodullbkbft ̀ b ~2 ½C (snht uf pbu pius qub ibs prèvhshnfs ̀ b: í 0,2 ½C ldhtbs pdr ib AHBC pius ̀ b 4== dfs pius tdr`, bf :==1). Rfb rèùcthnf ̀ b knhthè ̀ u CN : dtknspoèrhqub `hkhfubrdhtqudft í biib id tbkpèrdturb knybffb `b id surldcb ù ainjb `b 0 í 2 ½C W3[. Drrobfhus s‘dttbf`dht í cb qub ib tdux `b CN : `nujib, kdhs du rytokb `b snf tbkps, c‘bst -í-`hrb bf bfvhrnf 3=== dfs `‘dprïs sbs cdicuis. Du rytokb dctubi, cbid prbf`rd uf

shïcib sbuibkbft sbinf ibs cdicuis ̀ u AHBC.

• ]nur cdicuibr ibs cdpdchtès `‘djsnrpthnf ù CN : bt ̀ b id vdpbur ̀ 'bdu, Drrobfhus d uthihsè ibs njsbrvdthnfs ̀ b id iufb

ldhtbs `dfs i‘hflrdrnuab pdr Lrdfg Qdsohfatnf \bry bt Sdkubi ]hbrpnft Idfaiby í i'njsbrvdtnhrb Diibaobfy ̀ b]httsjurao.

• Ibs idjnrhbux cdicuis `'Drrobfhus sb snft pius tdr` knftrès brrnfès, kdhs s‘dppuydft sur id « Inh `b Stbldf-

Jnitzkdff ·, hi d lnrkuiè ufb prbkhïrb inh sur i'bllbt `b sbrrb, `nft id lnrkb nrhahfdib bst 5 Sh id qudfthtè ̀ ‘dch`b

cdrjnfhqub duakbftb bf prnarbsshnf aènkètrhqub, i‘duakbftdthnf `b id tbkpèrdturb suhvrd, prbsqub dvbc ufb

prnarbsshnf drhtokèthqub. (« Hl tob qudfthty nl cdrjnfhc dch` hfcrbdsbs hf abnkbtrhc prnarbsshnf, tob duakbftdthnf nl

tob tbkpbrdturb whii hfcrbdsb fbdriy hf drhtokbthc prnarbsshnf ·), inh quh f'd pds ètè `bpuhs hfvdih`èb, kdhs quh d ètèshkpihlhèb ̀ dfs snf bxprbsshnf jy A. Kyorb bt sbs cniiïaubs bf 488? dvbc id lnrkuib suhvdftb 5

• ΐL ; δif(C/)Bf 48==, Df`brs Enfds Âfastrük, quh d pujihè ib prbkhbr spbctrb kn`brfb hflrdrnuab ù CN: (dvbc `buxjdf`bs `‘djsnrpthnf) crhthqub ibs vdiburs èibvèbs `‘djsnrpthnf cdicuièbs pdr Drrobfhus pnur ib CN:. Drrobfhus iuhrèpnf` vhvbkbft bf 48=4W0[, rbebtdft id crhthqub. @bux dfs dprïs, hi djnr`b jrhïvbkbft ib suebt `dfs uf nuvrdabtbcofhqub (Iborjuco ̀ br gnskhscobf ]oyshg, 48=3). Prnhs dfs pius tdr`, hi pujihb uf infa tbxtb ̀ b vuiadrhsdthnf,lnrkuidthnf cnsknanfhqub prèsbftdft sd vhshnf ̀ b i'dppdrhthnf ̀ b id tbrrb bt ̀ b id vhb sur tbrrb « \àri`drfds

utvbcgihfa · (48=<) quh sbrd trdùht i‘dffèb suhvdftb bf diibkdf` snus ib thtrb @ds Qbr`bf ̀ br QbitbfW2[, 48=1), puhsbf dfaidhs (Qnri`s hf tob Kdghfa, tob Bvniuthnf nl tob Rfhvbrsb, Fbw Xnrg, Inf`nf, Odrpbr, 48=?)W<[. @dfs cb tbxtb, hisuaaïrb qub ibs èkhsshnfs oukdhfbs ̀ b CN: ̀ bvrdhbft åtrb sullhsdftbs pnur prèkufhr ib knf`b ̀ 'ufb fnuvbiib ïrbaidchdhrb. Hi y bsthkb qu‘ufb tbrrb pius codu`b sbrdht fècbssdhrb pnur fnurrhr id pnpuidthnf oukdhfb quh duakbftb

rdph`bkbft. Hi prèsbftb trïs cidhrbkbft uf knf`b pius codu` cnkkb uf codfabkbft pnshthl. Í pdrthr ̀ b cb knkbft,sd toènrhb sur i'bllbt `b sbrrb adafb `b i‘dttbfthnf.

• Fèdfknhfs, eusqu'dux dffèbs 48<=, id piupdrt ̀ bs schbfthlhqubs vnft cnfsh`èrbr cbt bllbt ̀ b sbrrb cnkkb fb pnuvdftpidushjibkbft hfliubfcbr ibs cycibs aidchdhrbs qub Khiuthf Khidfgnvhtco d kn`èihsès `‘ufb kdfhïrb trïs sdthsldhsdftb

sur id jdsb ̀ bs codfabkbfts ̀ 'nrjhtb ̀ b id tbrrb. Id toènrhb ̀ b Khidfgnvhtco s‘bst bf bllbt dvèrèb åtrb puhssdkkbft

prè`hcthvb í rbjnurs, pnur bxpihqubr ibs aidchdthnfs quh nft tnucoè id tbrrb ̀ bpuhs piushburs khiihnfs ̀ 'dffèbs. Cb lnrádab nrjhtdi bst d`khs ̀ b fns enurs cnkkb prbkhbr ldctbur cihkdthqub, ib CN: ètdft fèdfknhfs rbcnffu cnkkbèièkbft dkpihlhcdtbur (jnucib ̀ b rètrndcthnf pnshthvb).

http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svante_August_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=4

http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svante_August_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=4


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciation



http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_carbonique


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIEC


http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Washington_Very&action=edit&redlink=1

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lune

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrarouge


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh



http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m




http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milutin_Milankovitch












http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh







http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrarouge

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lune


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIEC



http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_carbonique


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciation


http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svante_August_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=4



Id rèùcthnf `bs èkhsshnfs

H]CC DZ2, :=40








Grdvhtz, …, Jnucobr, bt di. EAZ :=43d

0xCN:0xCN: + rèùcthnf `b id cnfstdftb snidhrb

N. Jnucobr - Bfsbkbfcbkbft dtknspoèrhqub - Dcd`èkhb `bs Schbfcbs – :2 euhf :=43





dvbc bt sdfs aènhfaèfhbrhb0xCN:

Grdvhtz, …, Jnucobr, bt di. EAZ :=43d

0xCN: + rèùcthnf `b id cnfstdftb snidhrb

N. Jnucobr - Bfsbkbfcbkbft dtknspoèrhqub - Dcd`èkhb `bs Schbfcbs – :2 euhf :=43





I‘bllbt rbjnf`

Codfabkbft `b tbkpèrdturb knybffb ù ainjb bf rèpnfsb du codfabkbft cihkdthqub pnur uf scèfdrhn D4J (rnuab). Idcnurjb jibub bst pnur uf scèfdrhn quh hfciut ufb hfebcthnf cnfthfub `‘dèrnsnis strdtnspoèrhqubs `‘dkpihtu`b cnfstdftb í

pdrthr `b i‘dffèb :===. Id cnurjb vbrtb knftrb i‘hkpdct `‘ufb hftbrrupthnf jrutdib `b cbttb hfebcthnf bf :=:2.(@‘dprïs Enfbs bt di. (:==8). © RG Kbt Nllhcb, :==8)



Anuvbrfdfcb `b id rbcobrcob

Ibs 2 prhfchpbs `‘Dshinkdr

4. ]rnknthfa cniibcthvb jbfblhts:. Cidrhlhcdthnf nl rbspnfshjhihthbs lnr tob anvbrfdfcb df`nvbrshaot nl idrab-scdib dcthvhthbs3. Cnfùctb` npbfiy df` cnnpbrdthvbiy

0. Htbrdthvb, hf`bpbf`bft tbcofhcdi dssbsskbfts nl prnarbsslnr tob hflnrkdthnf nl tob pujihc df` pnihcykdgbrs2. ]ujihc pdrthchpdthnf df` cnfsuitdthnf hf pidffhfa df`dssbsskbfts7 `bvbinpkbft nl `bchshnf-kdghfa kbcodfhsksdf` prncbssbs kust jb prnvh`b`

Pob Dshinkdr Cnflbrbfcb Zbcnkkbf`dthnfs nf ]rhfchpibs lnr Zbsbdrco hftn CihkdtbBfahfbbrhfa Pbcofhqubs, Cihkdtb Hfsthtutb, :=4=



Ibs 3 vnhbs

H]CC, :=4:5 Kbbthfa Zbpnrt nl tob Hftbranvbrfkbftdi ]dfbi nf Cihkdtb Codfab Bxpbrt Kbbthfa nf Abnbfahfbbrhfa WN. B`bfonlbr, Z. ]hcos-

Kd`ruad, X. Sngnfd, C. Lhbi`, \. Jdrrns, P.L. Stncgbr, T. @dob, E. Khfx, G. Kdco, A.-G. ]idttfbr, S. Scoiükbr, A. Odfsbf, K. Kdstrdf`rbd(b`s.)[. H]CC Qnrghfa Arnup HHH Pbcofhcdi Suppnrt Rfht, ]nts`dk Hfsthtutb lnr Cihkdtb Hkpdct Zbsbdrco, ]nts`dk, Abrkdfy, pp. 88.

Khthadthnf, d`dptdthnf, SnidrZd`hdthnf Kdfdabkbft (SZK)

df` Cdrjnf @hnxh`b Zbknvdi(C@Z) kbton`s hf rbidthnf tntob hftbrcnffbctb` oukdf,snchn-bcnfnkhc df` cihkdthcsystbks df` whto rbspbct tnkhthadthnf df` d`dptdthnf.ZB@@ stdf`s lnr Zbùcb`

Bkhsshnfs lrnk @blnrbstdthnfdf` lnrbst @bard`dthnf.

Draukbfts bt cnftrb-draukbfts



Draukbfts bt cnftrb-draukbfts• hkpdcts cihkdthqubs rèshùbis bt bllbts cniidtèrdux… kdhs cbux -chrbstbft bf aèfèrdi pius ldhjibs qub ibs hkpdcts ù codfabkbftcihkdthqub bf i‘djsbfcb `‘dttèfudthnf ( pidf J)

• rhsqubs hkpnrtdfts, bf pdrthcuihbr ib rhsqub `b rdttrdpdabcihkdthqub sh nf hftbrrnkpt i‘bllnrt `‘hfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub… kdhsi‘hfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub pnurrdht åtrb trdfshtnhrb bt ihkhtèb sh nf pidfhlhb ufbllnrt `‘dttèfudthnf pius hkpnrtdft pius tdr`… nf aïrb `‘dutrbs consbs

sur ib infa tbrkb…

• cbs tbcofhqubs `‘hfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub rbpnsbft sur ufb « sur -`èpbf`dfcb · í id tbcofninahb bt `èpdssb uf sbuhi `dfs fntrbrbidthnf dvbc id « fdturb · … c‘bst ufb qubsthnf `b vdiburs knrdibs bt

cuiturbiibs

• ibs kn`ïibs cihkdthqubs fb snft pds dssbz lhdjibs pnur eusthlhbrbt npèrbr i‘hfaèfhbrhb cihkdthqub… ib snft-his dssbz pnur eusthlhbr `bsbllnrts `‘dttèfudthnf nu `‘d`dptdthnf > … prhfchpb `b prècduthnf

iè i h i ‘ t i i i th

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