LLR - Lec Rezolvata

7/29/2019 LLR - Lec Rezolvata

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LLR_Limba engleza contemporana

ntrebarea nr. 1The modal Adjective certain cannot take a Gerund as Subject.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 2The relation of Coordination renders a parallelism, and a similarity of the conjoined

elements.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 3The relativised elements in Non-Finite Participial Relative Clauses are replaced by

complex relativepronouns.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 4With the Phrasal Verb to turn out, the Extraposition of the Subject THAT Clause isnot compulsory.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 5As a consequence of their nominal features, Gerunds can no longer be modified by

adverbs.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 6Negative Raising cannot apply in the following Complex Sentence: Many studieson animal behaviour

demonstrate that the use of tools is not exclusively human.AdevaratFals

ntrebarea nr. 7The Verbprohibitcannot be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 8All Reduction Rules can operate upon the first conjunct.

Adevarat


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Fals

ntrebarea nr. 9The Tense of the Predicative Verb of a THAT Clause does not depend in any way

upon the Tense ofthe matrix Predicative Verb.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 10The occurrence of Indefinite Free Relative Clauses typically employs a referential

(deictic) use of the

definite article as antecedent determiner.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 11V-Gapping may also delete the identical Auxiliaries.

AdevaratFals

ntrebarea nr. 12In case of the following string, phrasal coordination is basic: Linguistic factors andsocial

circumstances intertwine in the evolution of any idiom.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 13In relativisation, it is not possible for the Main Clause occurrence of the shared

element to be missing,

while the one in the Subordinate is retained.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 14In case of the following string, phrasal coordination is the result of reduction: Inseveral mentaldisorders, one of the most evident symptoms is that reality and fantasyconflate in the patients mind.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 15

The Adjective unlikelycannot be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger.Adevarat


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Fals

ntrebarea nr. 16The evaluative Adjective natural can take a Half Gerund as Subject.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 17In Subject-to-Subject Raising patterns, the embedded Infinitival Clause may function

as an Adverbial

or as a modifier.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 18

The Extraposition from Object position of Gerundial Clauses is not obligatory.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 19Certain abstract Nouns co-occurring with THAT Clauses as Predicatives may also

take such clauses

as Subjects or Attributes.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 20The following string is an instance of Complex NP Shift freely applying with a Full

Gerund: Is themedias uncovering all his dirty wheeling-and-dealing really going to putan end to his scandalous

political career?Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 21The FOR-phrase is not an obligatory constituent in FOR-TO Infinitive Constructions.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 22If the identical element is an adverb, the Introducer of the Relative Clause can only

be thator as.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 23


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The Infinitival Complement Indirect Object cannot be promoted as Subject in the

Main Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 24Complex NP Shift can occur in some patterns featuring a Direct Object THAT Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 25In the following string, the Gerund functions as Predicative: There are species thatsimply do not standcaging.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 26In case of the following string, the Extraposition of the Complement Clause is

optional: The militarykeep it a secret that a special biohazard unit has been sent there.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 27

The occurrence of seldom in a sentence requires the co-occurrence of grammaticalPolarity Items.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 28The Noun disastercannot take a THAT Clause as its sentential Subject.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 29There is a one-to-one correspondence between the general classification of semanticrelations and

the various types of syntactic relations.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 30Structures of the type choose, elect, etc + Object Complement are the result of anoptional deletion of

a progressive BE in the Infinitive Complement Clause.Adevarat


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Fals

ntrebarea nr. 31The presence of an incomplete Negator does not suffice for the sentence featuring it

to pass theNegativity Tests.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 32Adjectives cannot take THAT Clauses as Direct Objects.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 33Half Gerunds featuring a pronominal Complement Subject are less typical as

Prepositional Objects

than the Full Gerunds the Subject of which is also a pronoun.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 34Transitive Verbs taking Infinitive Clauses as their Subject obligatorily require the

deletion of the

Complement Subject.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 35Free Relative Clauses function as Sentence modifiers.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 36

The Coordinator OR may be used to express condition.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 37Dependent Relative Clauses modify the head of their expressed antecedent.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 38

Restrictive Relative Clauses may fill in lexical gaps, acting as substitutes for non-existent in the lexicon


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labels.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 39Appropriateness cannot account for connectedness of clauses within the string: Wehave already

probed the deep space far beyond the limits of our Solar System, yet wehave merely scratched thesurface of our planet.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 40Local negation triggers the occurrence of Negative Polarity Items.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 41Matrix emotive Predicates prevent the occurrence of the Subjunctive in a THAT

Clause functioning as

Subject.

AdevaratFals

ntrebarea nr. 42Coordinators are not the most explicit Relators.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 43The Subordinate Subject has to be deleted in Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clauses

based on Whmovement.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 44The syntactic function of a Free Relative Clause, and the function of its Introducer

may be identical or

different.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 45


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Not all Relative Clauses are non-assertive environments.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 46THAT Clauses functioning as Attributes of abstract Nouns evince Preposition

Deletion.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 47Within Cleft Constructions, the thematically focused element is not always placed

after Copula BE.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 48One Deletion may affect the Complement Subject of Gerunds.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 49

Both the FOR-TO Infinitive Construction and TO Complementation may evinceaspectual distinctions.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 50With THAT Clauses, Tense distinctions are lost.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 51Gerunds do not trigger the turning of a Direct Object into a Genitive Determiner.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 52Infinitive Clauses are not VP Complements.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 53The metalinguistic use of Negation is not representational and conceptual.


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Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 54Local logical negation is not pragmatically constrained.

AdevaratFals

ntrebarea nr. 55Referential and linguistic identity are the two compulsory prerequisites of

relativisation.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 56

Notional concord cannot account for cases of agreement in the plural.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 57The correspondent in propositional logic of local logical negation is the internal (or

contrary) negation.

AdevaratFals

ntrebarea nr. 58Matrix psychological transitive Verbs can only take extraposed THAT Clauses.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 59There are various abstract Negators which are linguistically actualised as several

different realisations.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 60Sentential logical Negation employs the speakers subjective attitude as a pragmatic

variable.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 61


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Subject Control situations are the result of applying passive BE Deletion in the

Subordinate Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 62Polarity Items are derivationally marked as [ assertive].

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 63There is no systematic correspondence between idiomatic Affirmative and Negative

Polarity Items.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 64The Zero Conjoiner does not occur in syndetic relations.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 65A for-NP occurring in a Tough Movement pattern is always a matrix constituent.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 66Gerunds functioning as Attributes of abstract Nouns undergo Preposition Deletion.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 67Restrictive Relative Clauses can be extraposed.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 68THAT Deletion is not possible with clauses in topical position.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 69Certain matrix Verbs of communication may trigger the use of the Subjunctive in

THAT Clauses

functioning as Objects.

AdevaratFals


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ntrebarea nr. 70Half Gerunds are less nouny than Full Gerunds, and less sentency than Embedded

(Indirect)

Questions.

AdevaratFals

ntrebarea nr. 71The behaviour of Gerunds with respect to Coordination stands as a counter-

argument of their

sentencehood.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 72A matrix Indirect Object and the Complement Subject of an Infinitive Clause

functioning as Subject

may be identical or not.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 73In case of Free Relative Clauses functioning as Subject, the replaced antecedent

determines the

singular or plural form of the matrix Verb.Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 74Object Control presupposes a referential identity between the Object in the Main

Clause and the

Complement Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 75Asyndetic relations feature no explicit Connector.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 76The fact that THAT Clauses pass the than-pattern test stands as a proof of their

being non-phrases

(or abstract nominals).

AdevaratFals


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ntrebarea nr. 77Sentences featuring only local negation are positive.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 78The deletion of the Subordinate Clause occurrence of the identical element is not

always an obligatory

stage of the embedding by relativisation mechanism.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 79

Lexemes bearing an inherent semantic negation are the result of morphologicalprocesses of

derivation, by means of which negative affixes are added.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 80Deletion of the Complement Subject cannot apply with Infinitive Clauses functioning

as Adverbials.

Adevarat

Fals

ntrebarea nr. 81Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:The tall man was noticed by the shop assistant almost brutally scoldingthe child.THAT Deletion; deletion under indefiniteness of the Complement Subject

THAT Deletion; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject; Copula BE

Deletion

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Main Clause passivisation

THAT Deletion; Main Clause passivisationSubject-to-Object Raising; Main Clause passivisation; progressive BE Deletion

ntrebarea nr. 82Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:

Her father must be a devil to do such awful things to a poor little puppy!Adverbial of Purpose

Direct Object

Predicative

Attribute

Adverbial of Reason (or Condition)


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ntrebarea nr. 83Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

Could the ones whom we have voted for disappoint us again?!Direct Object

Indirect Object

SubjectGenitive Determiner

Prepositional Object

ntrebarea nr. 84Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

Astronomers are now ___ to have overestimated the number of possiblysimilar to ours planetarysystems in the galaxy.correct

commonnaturalcertainessential

ntrebarea nr. 85Which of the following meanings can be rendered by an asymmetric use of AND?

conditional

consecutive

none of the three meanings above

concessive

any of the three meanings above

ntrebarea nr. 86Which of the following Nouns often co-occurs with an Infinitive Clause as Attribute?

strawberrywishdustengine

plaster


Microscopic flaws in the material were ___ to detect.believednot impossiblecarefulthe taskan idea

ntrebarea nr. 88

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:


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In that impenetrable jungle, the soldiers had relied solely on theindications of the compass, whichcompass was now lost in the white water of the river.Subject

Determiner

Direct ObjectSubject Complement

Indirect Object


As a matter of fact, she knew practically nothing about the man to whomshe had lent so much money.Subject


Indirect ObjectDirect Object

Predicative

ntrebarea nr. 90Which of the following Subject-to-Object Raising triggers requires the removal of the

raised NP from

post-verbal position?

knowcertify

regardattestrecognise

ntrebarea nr. 91Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:

The editor, who was new in the business, had published the manuscriptonly to discover the

plagiarism later.Free Relative Clause Attribute; Non-Finite Participial Relative Clause modifier

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause VP modifier; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause

AttributeNon-Restrictive Relative Clause NP modifier; Infinitive Clause Adverbial of Result

Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier; Infinitive Clause Adverbial of

Purpose

Free Relative Clause Subject; Infinitive Clause Prepositional Object

ntrebarea nr. 92Which of the following Complex Sentences contains a Subordinate Clause

functioning as Sentence

modifier?

Leper, which is generally considered a disease of The Middle Ages, stillclaims victims even today.


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All the students who had not passed the exam were utterly disappointed.Democracy is often wrongly understood as ones liberty to put into

practice whatever crazy idea may crossones mind.The cars for sale which you can find in newspaper ads are not very

expensive.The authorities in charge of the crisis had not complied with any of thedemands, which outraged theleader of the hijackers.

ntrebarea nr. 93Which of the following strings contains an idiomatic Negative Polarity Item?

Nobody will care to take over any of your responsibilities.You could scarcely get a worse piece of advice!I dont want to hear anything about this being likely to happen to anyoneany longer!I cannot translate this pile of documents till tomorrow, since I didnt sleepa wink last night either.

Although Kevin and Roger were the real ones to be blamed for all that hadhappened, they did not evenbother asking about our brothers health.


These small submarines are specially designed to operate in shallow

waters.Adverbial of Manner

Adverbial of Purpose


Predicative

Attribute

ntrebarea nr. 95Which type of construction is illustrated by the following string?

What really worries me is her ever increasing greediness.

Gerundial Construction, the Complement Subject being deleted under identityNominative + Present Participle Construction

Nominative + (Derived) Subject Complement Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction (Free Relative Clause, focused element right to Copula BE)Nominative + Past Participle Construction

ntrebarea nr. 96Identify the semantico-pragmatic factor involved in the relatedness of clauses in case

of the following

string:


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Helen washed the dishes, wiped them dry, and put them into thecupboard.semantic equivalence

meaning relatedness among lexemes

temporal relatedness

relatedness by means of Relatorscause effect relatedness

ntrebarea nr. 97Choose the correct statement regarding the Complement Subject in the following

string:

How selfish it was of her to spend all the money on furs, jewels, andgambling!It has been deleted under indefiniteness.

It has been promoted as Object in the Main Clause.

It has been promoted as Subject in the Main Clause.It has been replaced by it.It has been deleted under referential identity with the Prepositional Object in the Main

Clause.

ntrebarea nr. 98Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

In a relatively short time, the sole survivor realised he had practically norecollection of him crawlingout of the wreck of the plane and nearly 200 meters away.

Free Relative Clause Direct ObjectFree Relative Clause Attribute; Non-Restrictive Relative Clause NP modifier

THAT Clause Direct Object; Half Gerund Attribute

THAT Clause Predicative

Half Gerund Prepositional Object


What was even worse was the fans evidently going wild.Embedded (Indirect) Question Subject; Half Gerund Direct Object

Free Relative Clause Subject; Half Gerund PredicativeRestrictive Relative Clause Subject; Full Gerund Direct Object

Free Relative Clause Subject; Restrictive Relative Clause Predicative

Embedded (Indirect) Question Predicative; Complementizerless THAT Clause

Direct Object

ntrebarea nr. 100Which of the following strings features an asymmetric use of a Coordinator?

We do not positively know whether it was suicide or murder.A good puppet show can amuse the children, and teach them somethingat the same time.Big cats can be raised as pets but this is not the way to treat a wildanimal.


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The cubs were doing what all cubs do: they were eating, sleeping, andplaying.Politicians promise so many things and so solemnly, and they forget allabout their commitments soquickly and easily!


The spokesman of the Government declared yesterday that there ___ asignificant modification in the value added tax collecting system after

January, 2012.would have beenwould bewould have occurredwill bewould occur

ntrebarea nr. 102Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:The players quickly judged the newcomer as an individualist.Complex NP Shift; THAT Deletion

Subject-to-Subject Raising; passive BE Deletion

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Complex NP Shift

Subject-to-Subject Raising; progressive BE Deletion

Subject-to-Object Raising; Copula BE Deletion

ntrebarea nr. 103Choose the correct analysis (type, function, function of the Introducer) of the

embedded clause:

The commanding officer hoped for what his soldiers hoped for, too.Restrictive Relative Clause, Prepositional Object, Indirect Object

Free Relative Clause, Prepositional Object, Prepositional Object

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause, Adverbial of Purpose, Indirect Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause, Adverbial of Purpose, Prepositional Object

Free Relative Clause, Prepositional Object, Indirect Object

ntrebarea nr. 104Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

Our partners can bet on it that the promotion will have an enormousimpact.THAT Clause Prepositional Object

Restrictive Relative Clause PNP modifier

THAT Clause Attribute

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause PNP modifier

THAT Clause Direct Object



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It was almost too good to be true.Predicative

Adverbial of Manner

Adverbial of Result

Object Complement

Adverbial of Purpose


He was reluctant ___ details to the media.that we givenot givinggivingto givethat he gives

ntrebarea nr. 107Choose the correct statement regarding the Complement Subject in the following

string:

It is not polite to talk in a loud voice in public places.It has been promoted as Object in the Main Clause.

It has been promoted as Subject in the Main Clause.

It has been deleted under co-referentiality with some NP in the Main Clause.

It has been replaced by it.It has been deleted under indefiniteness.

ntrebarea nr. 108Which of the following Nouns can take an Infinitival sentential Subject?

pinordealsparrowvelocityarray

ntrebarea nr. 109Choose the correct operation(s) or rule(s) that has (have) applied in case of the

following string:It was not desirable for the third and last group to abort the mission either.Extraposition + IT Insertion; Negative Raising

Conjunction Reduction; Negative Raising

Extraposition + IT Insertion

IT-Cleaving

Extraposition + IT Insertion; Conjunction Reduction

ntrebarea nr. 110Which of the following strings features a metalinguistic use of Negation?

I told him to get some money, not to steal it!She barely bothers telling her parents anything about her.


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Hardly can he recover in a months time, not even with the best medicalcare that money can buy.He is ill-tempered, and she is not a very patient nature either.

Joan has won the one-mile race, and this is unbelievable!


Considering the immense resources of that company, they could hire ___they want to.whicheverwhomeverwhateverwhatwhich


The camera installed by an extremely frustrated bird lover captured thesquirrels ___ the seeminglyunreachable, and yet mysteriously vanishing seeds placed in suspendedbowls.that they stole and atethat they steal and eatstolen and eaten(to be) stealing and eatingto be stolen and eaten


One of the outstanding leaders of the opposition has publicly declared hisunconditioned support forthe majoritys initiative, which bewildered everyone.Gerundial Clause Attribute; Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause Sentence modifier

Gerundial Clause Prepositional Object; Non-Restrictive Relative Clause VP

modifier

Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifierRestrictive Relative Clause Sentence modifier; Free Relative Clause


ntrebarea nr. 114Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:The relatives were not very happy that you consented to their gettingmarried so soon.THAT Clause Predicative; Infinitive Clause Prepositional Object

THAT Clause Prepositional Object; Full Gerund Prepositional Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause Sentence modifier; Infinitive Clause Direct Object

THAT Clause Direct Object; Half Gerund Direct Object


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THAT Clause Prepositional Object; Infinitive Clause Direct Object

ntrebarea nr. 115Which of the following strings contains an inherent semantic negation?

One can hardly imagine such recklessness!

This may just as well be regarded as an illegal operation.The defendant does not deny that he was in the bank at the time of therobbery.

John was so ill that he was unable to rise in bed.He could no longer utter a word.

ntrebarea nr. 116Indicate which operation(s) or rule(s) has (have) applied in the following string:The local clergy considered there were still two more churches to be builtin town.

THERE Insertion; N-Gapping; passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause)THERE Insertion; THAT Deletion; passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause); deletion

by relativisation of

the Subordinate Subject; deletion under indefiniteness of the Subordinate


Passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause)

Preposition Deletion; THAT Deletion; Subject-to-Object Raising; deletion under

identity of the

Subordinate Prepositional Object; Right Node Raising

Preposition Deletion; Subject-to-Object Raising; passivisation (of the Subordinate

Clause)

ntrebarea nr. 117Which is the correct function of the underlined phrase?

In a split second, he felt the bear as ready to attack.(Derived) Subject Complement

Subject Complement

(Derived) Object Complement


Predicative

ntrebarea nr. 118Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:Under such terrible circumstances, they could no longer even think aboutwhat was to follow.Non-Restrictive Relative Clause Prepositional Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause PNP modifier

Complement Clause Attribute

Restrictive Relative Clause Sentence modifier

Free Relative Clause Prepositional Object

ntrebarea nr. 119Which of the following strings features an asymmetric use of a Coordinator?


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We either come up with something really important quickly, or theUniversity will cut off our funding.The witness could not tell whether the white van that he saw was a Fordor a Mercedes.In fact, yesterday I found the recommended book to be available at

Amazon.com but it was tooexpensive for me to purchase it on the spot.5 minutes to launch, and counting.The kittens are healthy, and they are growing with every passing day.

ntrebarea nr. 120Choose the correct rule(s) that has (have) applied in case of the following string:

Peter has been but proves to be no longer a drug addict.Right Node Raising; Subject-to-Subject Raising; Conjunction Reduction

Right Node Raising; Subject-to-Subject Raising

Conjunction Reduction; Subject-to-Object RaisingNegative Raising

Negative Raising; V-Gapping

ntrebarea nr. 121Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:Nobody was showing any consideration for whatever these people hadbeen anymore.Direct Object

Predicative

Determiner


Subject

ntrebarea nr. 122Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:

In this story, the stepmother does not turn out malevolent.Subject-to-Subject Raising; Negative Raising

Subject-to-Subject Raising; progressive BE Deletion; Negative Raising

Subject-to-Object Raising; Negative Attraction

Negative Attraction; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Copula BE Deletion; Negative Raising

ntrebarea nr. 123Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:This snake is ___ to touch, for it rarely bites something larger than itsusual prey.not so dangerousthe chosenwantedout of danger

an idea


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The lab assistant simply forgot I had asked for the results to be sent toyour office, too.Free Relative Clause Direct Object; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause modifier

THAT Clause Prepositional Object; FOR-TO Infinitive Clause Direct ObjectFree Relative Clause Subject; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause modifier

THAT Clause Direct Object; Free Relative Clause Direct Object

THAT Clause Direct Object; FOR-TO Infinitive Clause Prepositional Object

ntrebarea nr. 125Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:The fossils which that lucky amateur has unearthed right here in the valley

are 80 million years old.Non-Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier

Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier


THAT Clause Subject

Free Relative Clause Attribute


The readings of the sensors also automatically trigger readjustments of

the system, which is not thecase now.Nominal modifier

Sentence modifier

VP modifier

Predicative

Adverbial of Manner


I imagine you have double-checked the entire installation.Non-Restrictive Relative Clause Direct ObjectFree Relative Clause Predicative

THAT Clause Prepositional Object


Free Relative Clause Direct Object

ntrebarea nr. 128Which is the correct function of the underlined phrase?

The prisoner was unanimously recognised as a real brute.Attribute

(Derived) Subject Complement


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(Derived) Object Complement

Predicative

ntrebarea nr. 129Which of the following strings contains an inherent semantic negation?It was barely her transient beauty but her inexhaustible wit that had sodeeply and irreversibly seducedhim.To the great surprise and sorrow of the defence, the judge did not dismissthe charges against the twounder age accomplices.For a second or two, the thought that that was a time to run for his life,not to take pictures, had flashedthrough Johns terrified mind but professional habitude proved even

stronger than the self-preservationinstinct.It is a commonplace that true heroes are not fearless persons.Lost and disoriented in the endlessness of the sub-Arctic tundra, theexplorers could scarcely appreciatethe distance they had covered.

ntrebarea nr. 130Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:She has forgotten it amazingly quickly working hard for an honest living.N-Gapping; Extraposition + IT Insertion; progressive BE Deletion

Extraposition + IT Insertion; deletion under indefiniteness of the Complement SubjectN-Gapping; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject

N-Gapping; Extraposition + IT Insertion

Extraposition + IT Insertion; deletion under identity of the Complement Subjectntrebarea nr. 131Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:The footwear that would meet our explorers demands must be expensive.Non-Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier


Restrictive Relative Clause NP modifier

Free Relative Clause Direct ObjectRestrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier

ntrebarea nr. 132Which type of construction is illustrated by the following string?

The more and more evident decay of cultural and moral values is whatshould actually arrest ourattention.Nominative + Present Participle Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction (focused element left to Copula BE, Free Relative Clause)

Infinitival Construction, the Complement Subject being deleted under indefinitenessAccusative + Present Participle Construction


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There is no aggressive elephant to beware of in this herd.

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause based on deletion modifierFree Relative Clause Predicative

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause based on Wh-movement modifierTO Complementation Adverbial of Result

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause based on deletion Adverbial of Result

ntrebarea nr. 134Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):Their grossly ignoring the most elementary safety regulations almostkilled this poor young worker.

Complementizerless THAT Clause Subject; Full Gerund Direct ObjectFull Gerund Subject

Free Relative Clause Subject; Full Gerund Predicative

Full Gerund modifier

Non-Finite Participial Relative Clause modifier


A normal endowment of common sense ought to tell one that reality may

not always be what oneexpects of it.Infinitive Clause Direct Object; Infinitive Clause Predicative

Restrictive Relative Clause Prepositional Object; Free Relative Clause Direct

Object

THAT Clause Direct Object; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause Predicative

Restrictive Relative Clause Attribute; Infinitive Clause Direct Object

THAT Clause Direct Object; Free Relative Clause Predicative

ntrebarea nr. 136

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):Unexpectedly, crocodiles are so gentle and caring with their offspring asto carry the hatchlings intheir mouth without harming them.Infinitive Clause Adverbial of Result

Infinitive Clause Adverbial of Purpose

Infinitive Clause Adverbial of Result; Gerundial Clause Prepositional Object

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause Attribute; Gerundial Clause Attribute

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause Adverbial of Purpose


This unstable structure would not bear ___ once again.


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shakenshakingthat is shakingthat it shakeswhich is shaking


After a weeks search, the missing members of the crew were declared ___at sea.(to be) lostto disappearto losethat they are lostthat they have been lost

ntrebarea nr. 139Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:The latest terrorist threat was serious enough to be discussed at thehighest levels of theadministration.Adverbial of Manner

Indirect Object

Adverbial of Result

Attribute



The lioness the tracks of which they had lost was later spotted by thebushmen.Subject

Genitive Determiner

Predicative

Indirect Object


ntrebarea nr. 141Identify the semantico-pragmatic factor involved in the relatedness of clauses in case

of the following

string:

The engine of my car does no longer start presently and smoothly, and Isuspect a malfunction of theignition system.temporal relatedness

meaning relatedness among lexemes

cause effect relatednessrelatedness due to compatibility, common topic


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relatedness due to the presence of Relators


Present day brain surgery makes use of cutting-edge techniques and

technology, whereby doctorssucceed in performing operations nobody dreamed of just a few yearsago.Non-Restrictive Relative Clause NP modifier; Gerundial Clause Prepositional

Object; Restrictive

Relative Clause nominal modifier

Gerundial Clause Adverbial of Purpose

Gerundial Clause Prepositional Object; Non-Restrictive Relative Clause VP

modifier

Gerundial Clause Predicative

Free Relative Clause Attribute; Restrictive Relative Clause nominal modifier


There ___ be more such dedicated professors in every university!had betteras wellwould rathereitherwell


Honestly, I dont have the slightest idea about who is going to get thepromotion.Prepositional Object

Subject

Determiner

Direct ObjectIndirect Object

ntrebarea nr. 145Which of the following Verbs can take two Prepositional Objects, out of which one

may be clausal?

blamearguedenyinstruct

remember


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ntrebarea nr. 146Indicate which operation(s) or rule(s) has (have) applied in the following string:

By any means, it doesnt appear that the same stupid kind of so-calledentertainment can be adelight for the viewers to watch almost every night on almost any channel.

Extraposition (+ IT Insertion) of THAT Clause from Subject position; NegativeRaising; Polarity Reversal

Rule; deletion under identity of the Infinitival Complement Subject; Tough Movement

Subject-to-Subject Raising

IT-Cleaving; deletion under indefiniteness of the Infinitival Complement Subject; BE

Deletion; Polarity

Reversal Rule

Subject-to-Object Raising; Negative Raising; deletion under indefiniteness of the

Infinitival Complement

Subject

IT-Cleaving; Subject-to-Subject Raising

ntrebarea nr. 147Which of the following items can introduce an Infinitive Clause functioning as an

Adverbial?

ifif onlyonlyunlesselse

ntrebarea nr. 148Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:The woman realised her son intended trying once more to climb thatdeadly mountain.Subject-to-Subject Raising; Copula BE Deletion; N-Gapping

Extraposition; deletion under indefiniteness of the Complement Subject

Subject-to-Object Raising; Copula BE Deletion

THAT Deletion; deletion under identity of the Gerund and the Infinitive Complement

Subjects

Subject-to-Object Raising; progressive BE Deletion

ntrebarea nr. 149Which of the following operations presupposes the existence of an iterated and

sequentially ordered

co-referentiality?

Independent relativisation

One Deletion

Conjunction Reduction at PNP level

Tough Movement

recursive embedding

ntrebarea nr. 150


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Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

Actually, John could not stand his young wifes permanently worryingabout whatever might happento the child.Free Relative Clause Indirect Object

Full Gerund Indirect ObjectFull Gerund Direct Object; Free Relative Clause Prepositional Object

Half Gerund Direct Object; Free Relative Clause Indirect Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause Sentence modifier

ntrebarea nr. 151Choose the correct statement:

Relative Clauses cannot be extraposed.

Free Relative Clauses never function as Indirect Objects.

Within Restrictive Relative Clauses, which can also function as a Determiner.

Thatcan relativise a Genitive.The preposed constituent in Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clauses based on Wh-

movement is always a

Prepositional Phrase.

ntrebarea nr. 152Which of the following possible antecedent determiners triggers a preference for

thatas a RelativeClause Introducer?

my

boththethisall

ntrebarea nr. 153Which of the following items is a [+ temporal] incomplete Negator?

untilscarcelyevernot all thatnever

ntrebarea nr. 154Which of the following Verbs corresponds to the subcategorisation frame /_ PNP-S/?

drinkseemkillagreetempt



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With Gerunds functioning as Prepositional Objects, the preposition has to be deleted.

Subordination by complementation is grounded upon the referential identity between

two nominals.

Only Verbs of physical perception rendering accidental, non-intended and / or non-

durative perception

can be Subject-to-Object Raising triggers.Negative Attraction (without Incorporation) is more frequent in post-Auxiliary position.

In case of Adversative Coordination, the relation is a binary one.

ntrebarea nr. 156Which of the following possible antecedent determiners prevents the occurrence of

Non-Restrictive

Relative Clauses?

botheach

thesethethis

ntrebarea nr. 157Which of the following Verbs can take two sentential arguments?

proveglittergivecut

run

ntrebarea nr. 158Which of the following Connectors cannot be preceded by another Connector?

becauseifthereforeor

yet

ntrebarea nr. 159In which of the following environments the Polarity Reversal Rule is optional?

Conditional Clauses featuring the Complementizer ifnone of the three environments above

Comparative Clauses introduced by than or asInterrogative Sentences

any of the three environments above


THAT Clauses behave similarly to NPs with respect to Coordination.Effective semantic relations imply a sequence of states of affairs.


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The occurrence of Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses presupposes a [- specific]

antecedent.

The Either-Conjoining Test requires of both sentences to be Negative.

Semantically, the Full Gerund has an event interpretation.

ntrebarea nr. 161Choose the correct variant:

The obligatory deletion under (referential) identity or under indefiniteness of the

Complement Subject

is a prerequisite of:

Conjunction Reduction

Subject-to-Object Raising

Subject Control

Tough Movement

Relativisation

ntrebarea nr. 162Which of the following Verbs can co-occur with Gerunds with passive meaning?guess

persistelectbecomedeserve

ntrebarea nr. 163

Choose the correct variant:The Noun miracle can take as its sentential Subject:any of the four types above

a Free Relative Clause

an Infinitive Clause

a THAT Clause

a Gerundial Clause

ntrebarea nr. 164Which of the following situations prevents THAT Deletion?

The clause is an Object Clause, and it is questioned.The matrix Verb is an intransitive (existential) verb.

The clause is an Object Clause, and it is relativised.

The Complement Subject is a pronoun.

The clause is an extraposed Object.

ntrebarea nr. 165Which of the following prepositions is obligatorily fronted in relativisation out of P-NP

strings?

through

concerningbybeneath


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out

ntrebarea nr. 166Which of the following semantic relations is not a circumstantial one?

purpose

mannercomparative

none of the four listed above

temporalntrebarea nr. 167Choose the correct variant:

The Noun factcan take a THAT Clause functioning as:any of the three functions above

Subject

Attribute

Predicativenone of the three functions above

ntrebarea nr. 168Which of the following Connectors triggers agreement by proximity?

neither norinclusive, weakly disjunctive ORequally andboth andnot only but also

ntrebarea nr. 169Which of the following rules applies upon [- specific] and [- referential] constituents?

recursive embedding

N-Gapping

Subject Control

Negative Raising

Negative Attraction

ntrebarea nr. 170Which of the following items can be a Relative Clause Introducer?

fortoasorlike

ntrebarea nr. 171Which of the following Nouns cannot take a THAT clausal Predicative?

reasonproblem

revisionfear


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advantage


Causal, consecutive, concessive, conditional, and purpose relations belong to the

class of circumstantialsemantic relations.

Out of two or several elements in a sentence that are potentially capable of

incorporating the NEG, only

the first one actually attracts and incorporates it.

Coordination can only express equivalence in both formal and semantico-pragmatic

terms.

Subordination can be manifest at the level of phrases or of words.

Sentences containing grammatical Negative Polarity Items always have Affirmative

counterparts.

ntrebarea nr. 173Which of the following Nouns can occur in Tough Movement patterns?deathinstinctsilencenoiseburden

ntrebarea nr. 174

Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger?appearcomedieholdlive

ntrebarea nr. 175Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:The technique presupposes the precise isolation of a certain DNAsequence, the structure of ___

would be then modified.thatwhatwhateverwhomwhich

ntrebarea nr. 176Which of the following Adjectives can take a THAT Clause as Subject?

blond

wetfresh


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warmunfair

ntrebarea nr. 177Which of the following constructions is the result of progressive BE Deletion applying

in a Subject-to-Subject Raising pattern?

IT-Cleft Construction

Gerundial Construction

Nominative + Present Participle Construction


Wh-Cleft Construction


Complex NP Shift does not apply with Gerunds.Inchoative Verbs are Subject-to-Object Raising triggers.

Connectedness resides in the presence of Connectors.

Matrix Verbs of perceptual approximation allow Negative Raising.

Cases of weakly disjunctive OR trigger agreement by proximity.

ntrebarea nr. 179Which of the following Nouns can take a sentential Subject?

pitysoap

candydevilpoverty


SEALS members are specially trained to be able to surpass ___ difficultiesthey may encounterduring their missions.whitherwhich

thatwhereatwhatever


Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses modifying long and heavy NPs allow:

Extraposition and IT Insertion

Extraposition (not followed by IT Insertion)

Subject Control

Dative Movementpassive BE Deletion


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ntrebarea nr. 182Which of the following items is a lexical Affirmative Polarity Item?at alllong since

oncestilltoo

ntrebarea nr. 183Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger?

admitprovesleepdeny

listen

ntrebarea nr. 184Which of the following statements is correct?

Gapping deletes identical Adverbials.

The complete Negator NOT may trigger local negation.

Only Full Gerunds can function as Subjects.

None of the four previous statements is correct.

Thatcannot introduce a Relative Clause the antecedent of which is determined by asuperlative.

ntrebarea nr. 185Which of the following items cannot be a Relative Clause Introducer?

whatsoeveraswhithereitherthat

ntrebarea nr. 186Which of the following Verbs is a bisentential one?

feelindicate

plancommenceunderstand


Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses cannot be:

Sentence modifiers

AP modifiers

NP modifiers


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PNP modifiers

nominal modifiers


The presence of an indefinite item in pre-Auxiliary1 position triggers:obligatory Negative Incorporation

Dative Movement

optional Polarity Reversal Rule

Subject Control

Subject-to-Object Raising

ntrebarea nr. 189Which of the following prepositions can co-occur with Gerunds with passive

meaning?

beyondforuponabouton


Here is the list of people and materials ___ we need for this specialoperation.

whateverwhicheverthatwhichwhat

ntrebarea nr. 191Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger?

makeoccurremove

flyswim

ntrebarea nr. 192Which of the following Verbs cannot be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger?

occasionagreeletholdsay


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ntrebarea nr. 193Which of the following Nouns can take a sentential Subject?

soilignitioncup

gearillusion

ntrebarea nr. 194Which of the following items can replace a PNP functioning as Manner Adverbial?muchwherebyasnone of the four items above

that


Nobody there fully understood ___ he really meant by uttering thosewords.aswhatthatwhichwhence

ntrebarea nr. 196Which of the following items is a [- assertive] Relative Clause antecedent

determiner?scarcelya(n)ifby no meansas


Right Node Raising is a forward rule in English.

THAT Clauses pass the pseudo-cleft test.

The Accusative + Infinitive Construction is the result of passivising the Main Clause

after Subject-to-

Object Raising.

Affirmative Sentences are pragmatically more constrained than Negative Sentences.

Interrogative Sentences are [+ assertive] environments.

ntrebarea nr. 198Which of the following items is not a grammatical Negative Polarity Item?

in any wayeither


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everyetnevertheless

ntrebarea nr. 199

Which of the following Verbs can take an Infinitive Clause as Prepositional Object?snorehaveconsent

purrknit

ntrebarea nr. 200Which of the following items can occur in a string featuring a Gerund with passive

meaning?

acrossaboveunder

pastover

ntrebarea nr. 201Which of the following constructions may feature either a Free or a Restrictive

Relative Clause, and

render a thematic focus occurring right to Copula BE?

none of the four constructions above

Participial ConstructionWh-movement Infinitival Relative Clause ConstructionIT-Cleft Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction

ntrebarea nr. 202Which of the following items is not a typical Relative Clause Introducer?whatwhich

wherewhywho

ntrebarea nr. 203Which of the following Adjectives can take a THAT Clause as Subject?

sheercoldanxiouseagerincorrect

ntrebarea nr. 204


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Which of the following prepositions is obligatorily fronted in relativisation out of P-NP

strings?atduringto

aboutbeyond

ntrebarea nr. 205Which of the following constructions is the result of Copula BE Deletion applying in

an Infinitival

Direct Object pattern?

Nominative + Present Participle Construction

IT-Cleft Construction

Object Complement Construction

Accusative + (Derived) Object Complement ConstructionGerundial Construction

ntrebarea nr. 206Which of the following items is a [- temporal] incomplete Negator?

scarcelyat allstilluntilseldom

ntrebarea nr. 207Which of the following items is a [- negative] [- assertive] environment?

Object Clause

Comparative Clause

contradictory negation

local negation

metalinguistic negation


Gerunds are not allowed as internal clauses.

Aspectual distinctions are lost in Infinitival and Gerundial Complement Clauses.

Infinitive Clauses are less sentency than THAT Clauses.

Matrix exercitive Verbs of command or of permission trigger the occurrence of the

Subjunctive in Subject

THAT Clauses.

Right Node Raising deletes identical prepositions.

ntrebarea nr. 209Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger?

applyoccur


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grasprehearsefill

ntrebarea nr. 210Which of the following operations implies the existence of a semantically indefinite

Complement

Subject?

nominalisation

One Deletion

Negative Raising

BE Deletion

THAT Deletion


The Neither Tag Test requires of two conjoined sentences that the second one

should be Negative.

The inherently [ assertive] marking of a Polarity Item has to oppose the

derivationally assigned [

assertive] feature.

Whenever it occurs in a string, the Negator NOT has scope over an entire sentential

constituent.

The metalinguistic use of Negation employs a distinctive stress with contrastivefunction.



We could find no fellow worker or client to have been ___ offended by hiswords or behaviour.in any way

to a certain extentsomehowat allsomewhat


Causative Verbs are Tough Movement triggers.

Semantically, the Half Gerund has a manner interpretation.

With Verbs taking a clausal Infinitival Direct Object, and also an Indirect Object or

Prepositional Object,

the identity between the Complement Subject and the Object in the Main Clause isan obligatory


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condition.


Gerunds never undergo Extraposition from Object position.

ntrebarea nr. 214Which of the following Adjectives can be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger?

youngdarksureloudslim


The semantic equivalence between the initial string and the resulting one is a

conditionfor:

Wh-movementrelativisation

Negative Incorporation

Preposition Deletion

Negative Raising

ntrebarea nr. 216Which of the following Verbs subcategorises for a clausal Direct Object (THAT

Clause), and anIndirect Object or a Prepositional Object (/_ S-PNP/)?bothersuggestwalkconfuseeat

ntrebarea nr. 217Which of the following Verbs can take two sentential arguments?

hear

amazeimplyinsistbelieve


Complement Clauses cannot function as:

Attributes

Predicatives

Prepositional ObjectsDirect Objects


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Indirect Objects


One Affirmative and one Negative conjunct in a Compound Subject NP trigger

agreement:with the Negative conjunct

in the plural

by proximity

in the singular

with the Affirmative conjunct

ntrebarea nr. 220Which of the following Nouns can occur in Tough Movement patterns?article

curseplumvoweducation

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