m„Rbkxj evsjv cÖ g cÎ - Lecture Publications Ltd....m„Rbkxj evsjv cÖ_g cÎ GK bR‡i welq web¨vm welqwU †hme G·K¬zwmf cvU©-Gi mgš^‡q mg„× †evW© eB‡qi Aby‡”Q`

m„Rbkxj

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ

GK bR‡i welq web¨vm welqwU †hme G·K¬zwmf cvU©-Gi mgš‡q mg„×

†evW© eB‡qi Aby‡”Q` I jvBb we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖYxZ

G·K¬zwmf mv‡RkÝ + BANK (Step 3) : GmGmwm cixÿv 2020

AwaK Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †miv cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z AviI kxl©¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vPwb cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ : m„Rbkxj

AwaK Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †miv cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z AviI kxl©¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vPwb cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb

NCTB KZ…©K cÖ`Ë P‚ovšÍ gvbeÈ‡bi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : m„Rbkxj

NCTB KZ…©K cÖ`Ë P‚ovšÍ gvbeÈ‡bi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb

c†Ó¤v bs ˆ`GL Kvw›ÞZ welqwUi AeÕ©vb ˆRGb wbB

†evW© eB‡qi Aby‡”Q` I jvBb we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖYxZ

G·K¬zwmf mv‡RkÝ + BANK (Step 3) : GmGmwm cixÿv 2020 -------------- 142

AwaK Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †miv cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z AviI kxl©¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vPwb cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ : m„Rbkxj ------------------------------ 4361

1. †dbx Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR ...........................................................................................................................................43

2. gqgbwmsn Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR.....................................................................................................................................44

3. RqcyinvU Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR .....................................................................................................................................45

4. Avg©W cywjk e¨vUvwjqb cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, e¸ov ..........................................................................................................46

5. cywjk jvBÝ ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov.................................................................................................................................47

6. bv‡Uvi miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq .................................................................................................................................48

7. Kzwgjøv gWvb© nvB ¯‹zj..................................................................................................................................................49

8. Be‡b ZvBwgqv ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Kzwgjøv.............................................................................................................................50

9. wmjfvi †ejm Mvj©m nvB ¯‹zj, PÆMÖvg..............................................................................................................................51

10. ev›ìevb miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq.............................................................................................................................52

11. evsjv‡`k †bŠevwnbx ¯‹zj I K‡jR, PÆMÖvg ........................................................................................................................53

12. Avj-Avwgb Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv D”P we`¨vjq, wm‡jU.............................................................................................................54

13. †MvjvcMÄ Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv D”P we`¨vjq, wm‡jU..............................................................................................................55

14. ei¸bv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq................................................................................................................................56

15. ei¸bv wRjv ¯‹zj .......................................................................................................................................................57

16. cywjk jvBb D”P we`¨vjq, w`bvRcyi ...............................................................................................................................58

17. KzwoMÖvg miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq........................................................................................................................................59

18. cÂMo we.wc. miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq ................................................................................................................................60

19. bxjdvgvix miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq .................................................................................................................................... 61

AwaK Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †miv cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z AviI kxl©¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vPwb cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb ------------- 6281

20. †dbx Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR ...........................................................................................................................................62

21. gqgbwmsn Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR.....................................................................................................................................63

22. RqcyinvU Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR .....................................................................................................................................64

23. †gvnv¤§`cyi wcÖcv‡iUwi ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv ....................................................................................................................65

24. Mfb©‡g›U j¨ve‡iUix nvB ¯‹zj, gqgbwmsn .........................................................................................................................66

25. we›`yevwmbx miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq, Uv½vBj .................................................................................................................67

26. biwms`x miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq..............................................................................................................................68

27. weqvg j¨ve‡iUwi ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov...........................................................................................................................69

28. Bÿz M‡elYv D”P we`¨vjq, cvebv ...................................................................................................................................70

29. B¯úvnvbx cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, Kzwgjøv †mbvwbevm.............................................................................................................71

30. Kzwgjøv wkÿv‡evW© miKvwi g‡Wj K‡jR ............................................................................................................................72

31. Abœ`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, eªvþYevwoqv .........................................................................................................................73

32. Avj-Avwgb GKv‡Wgx ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Puv`cyi....................................................................................................................74

33. kvnRvjvj Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU ...........................................................................................................75

34. Avjx AvgRv` miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, †gŠjfxevRvi ....................................................................................................76

35. D`qb gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, ewikvj ...................................................................................................................................77

36. miKvwi †K. wR BDwbqb D”P we`¨vjq, wc‡ivRcyi...............................................................................................................78

37. jvqÝ ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, iscyi.........................................................................................................................................79

38. MvBevÜv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vvjq.............................................................................................................................80

39. MvBevÜv miKvwi evjK we`¨vjq .....................................................................................................................................81

NCTB KZ…©K cÖ`Ë P‚ovšÍ gvbeÈ‡bi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : m„Rbkxj----------------------------------------------------- 8287

40. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 1 ...........................................................................................................................................82

41. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 2 ...........................................................................................................................................83

42. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 3 ...........................................................................................................................................84

43. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 4 ...........................................................................................................................................85

44. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 5 ...........................................................................................................................................86

45. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 6 ...........................................................................................................................................87

NCTB KZ…©K cÖ`Ë P‚ovšÍ gvbeÈ‡bi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb ----------------------------------- 8893

46. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 1 ...........................................................................................................................................88

47. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 2 ...........................................................................................................................................89

48. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 3 ...........................................................................................................................................90

49. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 91

50. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 5 ...........................................................................................................................................92

51. G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : 6 ...........................................................................................................................................93

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : E-Book Version 1

100% Kgb Dc‡hvMx

cÖ‡kœvËi msewjZ

G·K¬zwmf mv‡RkÝ + BANK GmGmwm cix¶v 2020

Step cvVëB‡qi Aby‡”Q` I jvBb we‡køwlZ eûwbe©vPwb mv‡RkÝ + BANK 3

M`¨ 01 myfv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

cvVëB we‡kølY mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

†jLK cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 11

1. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1851 wLªóv‡ã o 1861 wLªóv‡ã M 1871 wLªóv‡ã N 1881 wLªóv‡ã 2. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi KZ e½v‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1261 L 1262 o 1268 N 1272 3. †Kvb¸‡jv iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kve¨MÖš’? K gvbmx, †mvbvi Zix, wPÎv, wemR©b L ÿwYKv, ejvKv, cybð, †k‡li KweZv M i³Kiex, †Pv‡Li evwj, Kíbv, wPÎv o wPÎv, Kíbv, †mvbvi Zix, gvbmx 4. wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii wcZvi bvg Kx? K wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi o gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi M Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi N my‡i›`ªbv_ VvKzi 5. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi †Kvb Kv‡eï Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb? K ÿwYKv L gvbmx M †mvbvi Zix o MxZvÄwj 6. Gkxq‡ì g‡a¨ mvwn‡Z¨ me©cÖ_g †bv‡ej

cyi¯‹vi cvb †K? K †KbRvey‡iv I‡q o iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M bvwMe gvndzR N Ainvb cvgyK 7. ÒwZwb GKvav‡i mvwnwZ¨K, `vk©wbK I wkÿvwe`|Ó

Dw³wU †Kvb †jLK m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡hvR¨? K cÖg_ †PŠayix o iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn 8. ÔwemR©bÕ I Ôi³KiexÕi g‡a¨ wgj wK‡m? o ywUB iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii bvUK L ywUB iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Dcb¨vm M Avw½K wfbœ n‡jI `ywUi welqe¯‘ Awfbœ N `ywUB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q iex›`ªbv‡_i g„Zzï c‡i 9. iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii mv‡_ 7B †g I 7B AvM÷

Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z? o Rš§ I g„Zz¨‡Z L Rš§ I weev‡n M g„Zz¨ I †bv‡ej cÖvwß‡Z N †bv‡ej I Rwg`vwi cË‡b 10. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi KZ wLªóv‡ã g„ZyëiY K‡ib? o 1941 wLªóv‡ã L 1938 wLªóv‡ã M 1940 wLªóv‡ã N 1942 wLªóv‡ã 11. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi †kl wbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib o KjKvZvq L kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b M Dwol¨vq N weª‡U‡b

g~jcvVcvVëB; c„ôv 11-15

12. ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †g‡qwUi bvg Kx ivLv n‡qwQj? K nvwm L myfv M mynvwmbx o myfvwlYx

13. ÒZLb †K RvwbZ †m †evev nB‡e?Ó GLv‡b Kvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

o myfvwlYxi L my‡Kwkbxi M mynvwmbxi N mybqbvi 14. myfvwlYxiv Kq †evb? o wZb L Pvi M cuvP N Qq 15. myfvwlYxi bvg †K iv‡Lb? K Zvi gv o myfvwlYxi evev M Zvi eo †evb N Zvi gvgv 16. myfvwlYxi evev wK‡mi wfwË‡Z †QvU †g‡qwUi

bvg iv‡Lb myfvwlYx? K wb‡Ri bv‡gi wfwË‡Z L A‡bï K_vq M cÖwZ‡ekxi K_vq o eo `yB †g‡qi bv‡gi wfwË‡Z 17. ÔmyfvwlYxÕ A_© Kx? o gayifvlx L my›ì gyL M D¾¡j N my›ì K_v 18. myfvwlYx‡K mevB ms‡ÿ‡c Kx bv‡g Wv‡K? K myfvlx L fvwlY o myfv N myYx 19. my‡Kwkbx I mynvwmbxi mv‡_ myfvwlYxi m¤úK© Kx? o †evb L evÜex M Lvjv‡Zv †evb N PvPv‡Zv †evb 20. `¯‘ig‡Zv AbymÜvb I A_©e¨‡q Kv‡ì we‡q

n‡q †M‡Q? K myfvi o myfvi †evb‡ì M myfvi evÜexi N cÖZv‡ci 21. ÒGLb †Qv‡UvwU wcZvgvZvi bxie n„`qfv‡ii

g‡Zv weivR Kwi‡Z‡Q|Ó GLv‡b Ô†Qv‡UvwUÕ ej‡Z Kv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K my‡Kwkbx‡K L mynvwmbx‡K M mybqbv‡K o myfvwlYx‡K

22. Ô†m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bvÕ GLv‡b hv‡K wb‡`©k

Kiv hvq K my‡Kwkbx‡K L mynvwmbx‡K o myfvwlYx‡K N cÖZvc‡K 23. Kvi mvÿv‡ZB mevB Zvi fwel¨r m¤ú‡K©

`ywðšÍv cÖKvk K‡i? K cÖZv‡ci o myfvi M mynvwmbxi N my‡Kwkbxi 24. ÔGBRb¨ Zvnvi mvÿv‡ZB mK‡j Zvnvi fwel¨r m¤‡Ü

ywðšÍv cÖKvk KwiZÕ ywðšÍv cÖKv‡ki KviY Kx? K myfv †Rw` o myfv †evev M myfv AÜ N myfv Kv‡jv 25. †K ey‡S‡Q †h †m weavZvi Awfkvciƒ‡c

Rš§MÖnY K‡i‡Q? K cÖZvc L myfvi gv o myfv N myfvi †evb 26. mvavi‡Yi `„wóc_ †_‡K †K wb‡R‡K †Mvcb

K‡i ivL‡Z memgq †Póv KiZ? K myfvi wcZv L myfvi †evb M myfvi gv o myfv

27. myfv wb‡R‡K †Mvcb K‡i ivL‡Z me©`v †Póv KiZ †Kb?

K myfv my›ì bq e‡j o myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j M myfv wkwÿZ bq e‡j N myfv abxi †g‡q e‡j 28. mevB fz‡j †M‡j †K euv‡P? o myfvwlYx L mynvwmbx M cÖZvc N my‡Kwkbx 29. †KvbwU †KD KL‡bv †fv‡j bv? K wg_¨v L Aciva o †e`bv N Ab¨vq

30. wcZvgvZvi g‡b †m me©`vB RvMiƒK wQj †K? K cÖZvc L evYxKÉ M my‡Kwk o myfv 31. Zvnvi gv Zvnv‡K wb‡Ri GKUv ÎæwUiƒc

†`wL‡Zb Kv‡K? K my‡Kwk‡K L mynvwm‡K o myfv‡K N cÖZvc‡K 32. gvZv cyÎ A‡cÿv Kv‡K wb‡Ri Askiƒ‡c †`‡Lb? K ¯^vgx‡K L wcZv‡K M †`k‡K o Kb¨v‡K 33. Kb¨vi †Kv‡bv Am¤ú~Y© †`L‡j †K †mUv‡K

wb‡Ri j¾vi KviY e‡j g‡b K‡ib? K wcZv o gvZv M cÖwZ‡ekx N AvZ¥xq¯^Rb 34. †K myfv‡K mynvwmbx I my‡Kwkbx A‡cÿv †ewk

fv‡jvev‡mb? K cÖZvc L myfvi gvZv o myfvi wcZv N me©kx 35. myfvi wcZvi bvg Kx? K bxjKÉ o evYxKÉ M eskxKÉ N †MuvmvB gÐj 36. ÁwKš‘ gvZv Zvnv‡K wb‡Ri M‡f©i Kj¼ Ávb Kwiqv

Zvnvi cÖwZ e‡ov wei³ wQ‡jbÓ Kvi cÖwZ? K cÖZv‡ci cÖwZ L my‡Kwki cÖwZ o myfvi cÖwZ N mybqbvi cÖwZ 37. myfvi Kx wQj bv? o K_v L †PvL M nvZ N cv 38. my`xN©cjøewewkó eo eo `ywU Kv‡jv †PvL wQj Kvi? K ggZvwì o myfvi M Acyi N AÜea~i 39. myfvi Iôvai fv‡ei AvfvmgvÎ wK‡mi g‡Zv

†Ku‡c DVZ? K nwi‡Yi g‡Zv o KwP wKkj‡qi g‡Zv M wbR©x‡ei g‡Zv N Amnv‡qi g‡Zv 40. K_vq Avgiv †h fve cÖKvk Kwi Zv Avgv‡ì

Kx Ki‡Z nq? K fz‡j †h‡Z nq L fv‡jvevm‡Z nq o M‡o Zzj‡Z nq N ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq 41. gb Avcwb Kvi Dci Qvqv †d‡j? o Kv‡jv †Pv‡Li L my›ì nv‡Zi M gvqvex nvwmi N mij c‡_i

M`¨ 12wU eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ _vK‡e; cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœiB DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 112 = 12

2 wmwi‡Ri SSC Bank : Interactive Virtual CD

42. KL‡bv D¾¡jfv‡e R¡wjqv I‡V Kx? K bxj †PvL L my›ì gyL o Kv‡jv †PvL N D×Z nvZ 43. A¯Ígvb P‡›`ªi g‡Zv Awb‡glfv‡e †P‡q _v‡K Kx? o Kv‡jv †PvL L bxj †PvL M †evev †PvL N wbR©xe †PvL 44. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í Kv‡jv †Pv‡Li mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q wK‡mi? K KwP wKkj‡qi L ÿgZvi M D¾¡j gwYi o ªæZ PÂj we`y¨‡Zi 45. gy‡Li fve ê AvRš§Kvj hvnvi Ab¨ fvlv bvB

Zvnvi wK‡mi fvlv Amxg D`vi? o †Pv‡Li L gy‡Li M †Vuv‡Ui N nvwmi 46. ÔmyfvÕ Mí Abymv‡i AZj¯úk© Mfxi Kx? K †Pv‡Li Pvnwb o †Pv‡Li fvlv M †Pv‡Li is N †PZbv 47. Qvqv‡jv‡Ki i½f‚wg †Kgb? K my›ì o wb¯Íä M †Kvjvnjc~Y© N wbR©xe 48. evK¨nxb gvby‡li g‡a¨ e„nr cÖK…wZi g‡Zv

GKUv weRb Kx i‡q‡Q? K eb L gvV o gnË¡ N Av‡jv 49. mvaviY evwjKviv Kv‡K fq KiZ? K cÖZvc‡K o myfv‡K M mynvwmbx‡K N my‡Kwkbx‡K 50. Zvnvi mwnZ †Ljv KwiZ bv GLv‡b Zvnvi

ej‡Z Kvi K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K mynvwm‡K L myeY©‡K M cÖZvc‡K o myfv‡K 51. wbR©b wØcÖn‡ii g‡Zv kãnxb †K? K cÖZvc o myfv M evYxKÉ N my‡Kwkbx 52. myfvi MÖv‡gi bvg Kx? K k¨vgcyi o PÐxcyi M P›`bcyi N P¤úKcyi 53. PÐxcyi MÖv‡gi b`xwUi mv‡_ wK‡mi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? K KwP wKkj‡qi L ¯^”Q cÙvi o M„n¯’N‡ii †g‡qi N gvqvex †Pv‡Li 54. PÐxcyi MÖv‡gi cvk w`‡q e‡q hvIqv b`xwU †Kgb? K eo o Lye †ewk cÖmvwiZ bq M †QvU N Lye †ewk Mfxi bq 55. b`xi G‡Kev‡i Dc‡iB Kvi Ni? K cÖZvc‡ì L †MuvmvB‡ì o evYxK‡Éi N B›`ªwRr‡ì 56. evYxK‡Éi evwoi †eov wK‡mi? o euvLvwii L Kv‡Vi M wU‡bi N †jvnvi 57. evYxK‡Éi evwowU †Kgb? K GKPvjv L †`vPvjv o AvUPvjv N gvwUi 58. evYxK‡Éi evwowU Kv‡ì „wó AvKl©Y K‡i? K K…l‡Ki L MÖvgevmxi o †bŠKvevnxi N †R‡j‡ì 59. ÔKvRK‡g© hLwb Aemi cvq ZLwb †m GB b`xZx‡i

Avwmqv e‡m|Õ Kvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K evYxK‡Éi o myfvi M cÖZv‡ci N myfvi gv‡qi 60. cÖK…wZ Kvi fvlvi Afve c~iY K‡i †`q? K cÖZv‡ci o myfvwlYxi M mynvwmbxi N my‡Kwkbxi 61. myfvi n‡q K_v e‡j †K? K myfvi gv L myfvi wcZv o cÖK…wZ N b`x 62. ÔmyfvÕ Mí Abymv‡i cÖK…wZi kã Ges wewPÎ MwZ Kx? K A‡Üi †PvL o †evevi fvlv M myfvi K_v N cÖK…wZi AvZ©bv`

63. wSwjøiec~Y© Z…Yf‚wg †_‡K kãvZxZ †Kvb †jvK ch©šÍ †Kej Bw½Z, fw½, msMxZ, µ›`b Ges `xN© wbk¦vm?

K wÎ‡jvK L f‚‡jvK o bÿÎ‡jvK N m~h©‡jvK 64. me©kx I cv½ywj wK‡mi bvg? K b`xi L myfvi †evb‡ì o Mvfxi N MÖv‡gi 65. Kvi c`kã Mvfx ywU wPbZ? K my‡Kwkbxi o myfvi M mynvwmbxi N evYxK‡Éi 66. me©kxi mv‡_ mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q Kvi? Kmynvwmbxi L my‡Kwkbxi o cv½ywji N fvebvi 67. myfv wbqwgZ KZ evi K‡i †MvqvjN‡i hvq? K GKevi L yBevi o wZbevi N Pvievi 68. Kviv myfvi gg©‡e`bv eyS‡Z cviZ? K myfvi wcZv-gvZv L myfvi eÜy cÖZvc o myfvi Mvfx ywU N myfvi †ev‡biv 69. myfvi DbœZ †kÖwYi eÜywU †K? K me©kx L cv½ywj o cÖZvc N weovjQvbv 70. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í fvlvwewkó Rxe ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K? K me©kx‡K L cv½ywj‡K o cÖZvc‡K N cvsNywo‡K 71. †MuvmvB‡ì †QvU †Q‡jwUi bvg Kx? K evYxKÉ o cÖZvc M gwY N g‡bvni 72. †jvKwU wbZvšÍ AKg©Y¨ †jvKwU †K? K evYxKÉ L g‡bvni M gwY o cÖZvc 73. kn‡ii GK-AvaUv M„nm¤úK©nxb miKvwi

evMv‡bi mv‡_ Kvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q? o cÖZv‡ci L my‡Kwkbxi M evYxK‡Éi N gwYK‡Éi 74. cÖZv‡ci cÖavb kL Kx? K †Ljvayjv Kiv o wQc †d‡j gvQ aiv M Ny‡i †eov‡bv N Mí Kiv 75. ÔmyfvÕ Mí Abymv‡i mn‡R A‡bK mgq KvUv‡bv

hvq Kxfv‡e? K Ny‡i †ewo‡q L Mí K‡i o wQc †d‡j gvQ a‡i N †Ljvayjv K‡i 76. wQc †d‡j gvQ aiv Kvi cÖavb kL wQj? [Aby 1] K myfvwlYxi L evYxK‡Éi M my‡Kwkbxi o cÖZv‡ci

77. KLb cÖZvc‡K gvQ ai‡Z †`Lv hvq? K mKv‡j o Aciv‡nœ M c~e©v‡nœ N iv‡Z 78. gvQ aivi mgq †Kgb m½x me©v‡cÿv †kÖô? K PvjvK o evK¨nxb M Ajm N evPvj 79. cÖZvc AwZwi³ Avì ms‡hvM K‡i myfv‡K Kx

e‡j WvKZ? o my L myfvlx M fvlx N mybx 80. myfv †Kv_vq e‡m cÖZv‡ci gvQ aiv †`LZ? K AvgZjvq L RvgZjvq o †ZuZzjZjvq N eKzjZjvq 81. cÖZv‡ci Rb¨ myfv Kx wb‡q AvmZ? K Lvevi o cvb M ZvgvK N ûuKv 82. myfv g‡b g‡b Kx cÖv_©bv KiZ? K Lvevi L Avì M ggZv o A‡jŠwKK ÿgZv 83. myfv RjKzgvix n‡j Kx KiZ? K cÖZvc‡K wQ‡c gvQ †Mu‡_ w`Z L K_v ejZ M fv‡jv †cvkvK ciZ o GKUv gwY cÖZv‡ci Rb¨ Nv‡U †i‡L w`Z 84. ÔmyfvÕ Mí Abymv‡i cvZv‡ji AÆvwjKv wK‡mi ˆZwi? o iæcvi L †mvbvi M wcZ‡ji N Zvgvi 85. cvZv‡ji iæcvi AÆvwjKvq wK‡mi cvj¼? o †mvbvi L iæcvi M Zvgvi N wcZ‡ji

86. myfv Kv‡K †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ RjKzgvix n‡Z Pvq? K evYxKÉ‡K L gv‡K M †evb‡K o cÖZvc‡K 87. KLb myfv kqbM„‡ni Øvi Ly‡j f‡q f‡q gyL

evwo‡q evB‡i ZvwK‡q c~wY©gv †`‡L? K iv‡Z L gaïv‡Z o Mfxi c~wY©gv iv‡Z N m‡Ü¨‡ejvq 88. c~wY©gv cÖK…wZi mv‡_ wbtm½Zvi w`K †_‡K Kvi

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q? K cÖZv‡ci L my‡Kwkbxi o myfvi N evYxK‡Éi 89. Kv‡ì GKN‡i K‡i †Ìqvi Rbie †kvbv hvq? K cÖZvc‡ì L †MuvmvB‡ì M gÐj‡ì o evYxK‡Éi 90. wKQy w`‡bi Rb¨ evYxKÉ †Kv_vq †M‡jb? K †g‡qi evwo L †ev‡bi evwo o we‡`k N MÖv‡gi evwo 91. myfv cÖZv‡ci w`‡K †Kgb K‡i ZvKvq? K wbR©xe Rx‡ei g‡Zv o gg©we× nwiYx e¨v‡ai w`‡K †hfv‡e ZvKvq M wkKvwi ev‡Ni w`‡K †hfv‡e ZvKvq N †R‡j gv‡Qi w`‡K †hfv‡e ZvKvq 92. myfv Kvi cv‡qi Kv‡Q e‡m Kuv‡`? K cÖZv‡ci L cÖwZ‡ekxi o evYxK‡Éi N cv½ywji 93. myfv iv‡Z Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q b`xZ‡U jywU‡q

c‡o| ZLb wQj K Z…Zxqv PZz`©kx o ïK¬vØv`kxi ivwÎ M Agvem¨vi ivwÎ N mvaviY ivwÎ 94. myfv Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q †Kv_vq jywU‡q c‡o? K †MvqvjN‡i L evMv‡b M †ZuZzjZjvq o b`xZ‡U 95. myfv Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q b`xZ‡U wM‡q jywU‡q

c‡o †Kb? K b`xi cÖwZ iv‡M L K_v ej‡Z bv cvivq o KjKvZvq †h‡Z Pvq bv ZvB N cÖZv‡ci Ici ivM K‡i

kãv_© I UxKvcvVëB; c„ôv 15

96. ÔwSwjøieÕ A_© Kx? o wSuwSu †cvKvi AvIqvR L kã M cvwLi WvK N ev‡Ni WvK 97. Ôg~KÕ ej‡Z †evSvq K AÜ L †Pnvivnxb o †evev N Amnvq 98. Puv‡ì cwic~Y© iƒc nIqvi mgq‡K Kx e‡j? K ïK¬vØv`kx L PZz`©kx M GKv`kx o c~wY©gv wZw_ 99. ÔMÐ‡`kÕ A_© Kx? K Mjv o Mvj M gv_v N nvZ 100. Ô†bÎcjøeÕ ej‡Z Kx †evS? o †Pv‡Li cvZv L bqb M Mv‡Qi cvZv N nv‡Zi cvZv

cvV cwiwPwZ cvVëB; c„ôv 16

101. ÔmyfvÕ MíwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ?

o Mí¸”Q L gvbmx M ejvKv N wewPÎ cÖeÜ 102. †g‡qi †evev nIqvi wcQ‡b myfvi gv Kvi †`vl †`b? K myfvi L myfvi evevi o wbqwZi N c~e©R‡š§i 103. wecyj wbe©vK cÖK…wZi Kv‡Q †m cvq gyw³i

Avb›` †m †K? K cÖZvc o myfv M my‡Kwkbx N evYxKÉ 104. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ÔmyfvÕ MíwUi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZeÜx

gvby‡li AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ Kx ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb? o RMr L evwo M †`k N ¯^cœ


eûc`x mgvwßm~PK eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

105. evYxK‡Éi ï®‹ K‡cv‡j AkÖæ Mwo‡q c‡owQj †Kb? [Aby 2] i. myfv‡K we‡q †`‡eb e‡j ii. myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j iii. †g‡qwUi fwel¨r †f‡e

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 106. †h K_v Kq bv †m †h Abyfe K‡i Bnv mK‡ji

g‡b nq bv G ev‡K¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. evK&cÖwZeÜxi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Ae‡njv ii. †h K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv ZviI Abyfe kw³ i‡q‡Q iii. wbe©vK cÖvYxi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 107. myfv weavZvi Awfkvciƒ‡c wcZvi N‡i Rš§MÖnY

K‡i‡Q, GK_v myfv wkïKvj †_‡K Rv‡b i. gv‡qi wei³ nIqv †`‡L ii. mK‡ji K_v ï‡b iii. mK‡ji `ywðšÍv †`‡L

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 108. Kv‡jv †PvL‡K ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv, KviY

i. g‡bi K_v †Pv‡Li Ici Qvqv †d‡j ii. †PvL nv‡m iii. fve wb‡R †_‡K G‡m †Pv‡L aiv †`q

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 109. cÖK…wZi mv‡_ myfvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q

i. wewea k‡ã ii. wewPÎ MwZ‡Z iii. bxieZvq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 110. †evev cÖK…wZ Ges †evev †g‡q gy‡LvgywL Pzc K‡i

e‡m _vKZ, hLb i. mg¯Í cÖK…wZ mie _vKZ ii. hLb †Kv_vI †KD _vKZ bv iii. hLb mevB wekÖv‡g _vKZ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii

111. cÖZvc m¤ú‡K© mZ¨ n‡jv i. †m abxi mšÍvb ii. †m Ajm cÖK…wZi †Q‡j iii. gvQ aiv Zvi †bkv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 112. myfv weavZvi Kv‡Q A‡jŠwKK ÿgZv cÖv_©bv K‡i

i. cÖZv‡ci g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kivi Rb¨ ii. cÖZvc‡K wb‡Ri cÖwZcÿ †`Lv‡Z iii. cÖZvc‡K wb‡Ri e‡k Avbvi Rb¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 113. Ô†jv‡KI wb›`v Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q|Õ G ev‡Kï ga¨

w`‡q cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. Kb¨vfviMÖ Í wcZvi Ae¯’v ii. mgv‡Ri gvby‡li wPšÍv-†PZbv iii. myfvi Ae¯’v

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 114. myfv b`xZ‡U k®úkh¨vq jywU‡q coj, KviY

i. b`x Zvi †QvU‡ejvi m½x ii. b`xi bxieZvi Avi Zvi bxieZv wg‡jwg‡k

GKvKvi n‡q hvq iii. b`xi k~b¨Zvi g‡a¨ wb‡Ri wbe©vK `ytL¸‡jv

wgwk‡q w`‡Z cv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 115. myfvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q

i. cÖK…wZi ii. b`xi iii. cÖZv‡ci

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 116 I 117bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †mB †QvÆ‡ejvq gwR©bv GKwU weovj I GKwU

KzKzi Qvbv G‡bwQj| bvg w`‡q‡Q cywl Avi cyUz| AvR cywl Avi cyUz cy‡ivcywi eo n‡q‡Q| bvg a‡i WvK‡j gyn~‡Z©B nvwRi nq| cywl †Kv‡j D‡V e‡m wKš‘ cyUz GKUz `~‡i ùvwo‡q †jR bvovq| [Aby 3-4]

116. gwR©bvi g‡a¨ myfvi †h êwkó¨ jÿYxq, Zv n‡jv K BZi cÖvYxi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk L GKvwK‡Z¡i mvw_ BZi cÖvYx o BZi cÖvYxi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva N mevi †_‡K wb‡R‡K Avov‡j ivLv 117. DÏxc‡Ki g~jfve ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †Kvb ev‡K¨

cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? i. w`‡b wZbevi †MvqvjN‡i hvIqv ii. yB evû Øviv Mjv Rwo‡q aiv iii. gv‡S gv‡S Zv‡ì‡K fr©mbv Kiv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 118 I 119bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : nVvr †cQ‡b †P‡q †`wL GKwU KzKzi Avgvi

†cQ‡b P‡j‡Q|... ejjvg Z‡e Avq Avgvi m‡½... evwoi m¤§y‡L G‡m †cuŠQjvg| †MU Ly‡j w`‡q WvKjvg| †fZ‡i Avq|

[Z_¨m~Î : AwZw_i ¯§„wZ kirP› ª P‡Ævcva¨vq] 118. DÏxc‡Ki K_‡Ki mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi Kvi wgj i‡q‡Q? K my‡Kwkbxi L mynvwmbxi M myeY©vi o myfvi 119. G wg‡ji KviY

i. BZi cÖvYxi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv ii. BZi cÖvYxi hZœ Kiv iii. †cvlv cÖvYxi cÖwZ Lvivc AvPiY

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 120 I 121bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avwid mv‡n‡ei `yB cyÎ, GK Kb¨v| `yB cyÎ

cov‡jLvq Lye fv‡jv, wKš‘ †g‡qwU †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cvq bv| w`b w`b †m hZ eo n‡”Q Avwid mv‡ne ZZ `ywðšÍvMÖ¯Í n‡q co‡Qb|

120. DÏxc‡Ki Avwid mv‡ne ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi Kvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib?

o evYxK‡Éi L †MuvmvB‡ì M myfvi †ev‡bi N cÖZv‡ci wcZvi 121. Dfq wcZvi gv‡S †hme wel‡qi wgj i‡q‡Q

i. Df‡qiB mšÍvb cÖwZeÜx ii. Df‡qB ywðšÍvMÖ¯Í iii. Df‡qB my¯’ Kb¨vi wcZv


M`¨ 02 eB cov cÖg_ †PŠayix

cvVëB we‡kølY

mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi †jLK cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 28

122. cÖg_ †PŠayixi wkÿvRxeb wQj K ywe©ln o K…wZZ¡c~Y© M mv`vwm‡a N Uvbvc‡o‡bi 123. ÔmeyR cÎÕ †K m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M diiæL Avng` o cÖg_ †PŠayix 124. Kvi †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb M`äviv m~wPZ nq? K Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi o cÖg_ †PŠayix N gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 125. ÔcÖg_ †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡B evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb M`äviv

m~wPZ nq|Õ GLv‡b ÔbZzb M`ävivÕ ej‡Z †evSvq K mvayixwZ o PwjZixwZ M AvÂwjK ixwZ N wgkÖ ixwZ


126. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z Avgiv wK‡mi im Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bB?

K Ag„Z im o mvwn‡Zï im M my‡Li im N d‡ji im 127. wK‡mi Øviv Avgv‡ì Mv‡qi R¡vjv I †Pv‡Li Rj

yB-B ~i n‡Z cv‡i? K eëmvq o mvwnZ¨PP©v/wkÿv M Dcvmbv N †Ljvayjv 128. wkÿvi gvnvZ¥¨ Kx? o ¯^wkwÿZ nIqv L eo †Kv‡bv PvKwi Kiv M UvKvcqmv †ivRMvi Kiv N †LZve AR©b Kiv 129. †K mvwn‡Zï mv_©KZv †ev‡S bv, †ev‡S ïay

A‡_©i mv_©KZv? K AwkwÿZ gvbyl L wkwÿZ gvbyl o †W‡gv‡µwm N K‡jR co–qv weØvb 130. †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸iæ‡ì m‡½ wkl¨‡ì we‡iva †Kv_vq? ¸iæiv Pv‡”Qb mgvb Ki‡Z, wklïv Pv‡”Qb eo n‡Z L ¸iæiv Pv‡”Qb eo Ki‡Z, wklïv Pv‡”Qb mgvb n‡Z M ¸iæiv Pv‡”Qb MYZš¿, wklïv Pv‡”Qb mgvRZš¿ N ¸iæiv Pv‡”Qb ivR`Ð, wklïv Pv‡”Qb A_©-weË

131. †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸iæiv Kx †P‡qwQ‡jb? A_ev, †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸iæiv Kx Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb?

o mKj‡K mgvb Ki‡Z L mKj‡K eo Ki‡Z M mKj‡K `gb Ki‡Z N mKj‡K †QvU Ki‡Z 132. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z, Avgv‡ì wkwÿZ mgv‡Ri

†jvjyc „wó AvRI wK‡mi Ici c‡o i‡q‡Q? K m¤§v‡bi o A‡_©i M cÖwZcwËi N m¤ú‡ì

133. mvwn‡Z¨ cvIqv hvq K Ávb-weÁv‡bi mvÿvr L Rxeb I g„Zzï mvÿvr o gvby‡li cy‡iv g‡bi mvÿvr N gvby‡li AvswkK g‡bi mvÿvr 134. gbM½vi †Zvjv Rj †KvbwU? K agx©q kv¯¿ L mvwnwZ¨K iPbv o `k©b-weÁvb N M‡elYv MÖš’ 135. wkÿv wel‡q †jL‡Ki wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi

†Kvb hyw³wU mg_©b‡hvM¨? K eBc‡Î wkÿv wbwnZ i‡q‡Q L wkÿv e¨ZxZ Rxeb P‡j bv o wkÿv †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv N wkÿv gvbyl‡K A_©weË G‡b †`q


136. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK jvB‡eªwi‡K wK‡mi Ici ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb? [Aby. 1]

K nvmcvZv‡ji o ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri M A_©-we‡Ëi N Ávbx gvby‡li 137. mywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB K weØvb L Av‡jg M cwÐZ o ¯^wkwÿZ

138. ¯^wkwÿZ ej‡Z †evSvq [Aby. 2] o m„RbkxjZv AR©b L eyw×i RvMiY M mvwU©wd‡KU AR©b N D”P wkÿv AR©b 139. ÔRxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©nxb we`¨v c½yÕ G Dw³wUi

mv‡_ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi fveMZ HK¨ i‡q‡Q? K †¯^”Qvq eB co‡j Zv‡K wb®‹g©vi `‡j †d‡j †`B L h_v_© wkwÿZ n‡j g‡bi cÖmvi N‡U o mywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZ N g‡bviv‡Rï `vb MÖnYmv‡cÿ 140. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z g‡bviv‡Rï Hk¦‡h©i mÜvb

w`‡Z cv‡i †K? o wkÿK L mvwnwZ¨K M we`¨v`vZv N mywkwÿZ †jvK 141. ÔAvgiv `vZvi gyL †P‡q MÖnxZvi K_vUv

G‡Kev‡iB fz‡j hvB|Õ GLv‡b Ô`vZv I MÖnxZvÕ

ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q K †jLK I cvVK‡K L Ávbx I g~L©‡K o wkÿK I QvÎ‡K N gnvRb I LvZK‡K 142. h_v_© ¸iæi KvR Kx? K wkÿv_x©‡K cov‡jLvi cÖwZ AvMÖnx Kiv o wk‡lï AvZ¥v‡K D‡ØvwaZ Kiv M wkl¨‡K Dchy³ gvbyliƒ‡c M‡o †Zvjv N wkl¨‡K †bvU K‡i †Ìqv 143. wkÿ‡Ki mv_©KZv †Kv_vq? K g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjvq o wkÿv AR©‡b QvÎ‡K mÿg Kivq/wk‡lï

AvZ¥v‡K D‡ØvwaZ Kivq M wkÿv_©x‡K we`¨vj‡q †h‡Z Af¨¯Í Kivq N wkÿv`vb Kivq 144. wkl¨‡K we`¨vi mvabv Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq? K eB c‡o o wbR †Póvq M AvZ¥¯’ K‡i N ¸iæi mnvqZvq 145. †Kvb mZ¨ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Avgiv KzwÉZ nB? k cvm Kiv I wkwÿZ nIqv GK e¯‘ bq L mywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZ M we`¨vi mvabv wkl¨‡K wb‡R Ki‡Z nq N gvbeRxe‡b wkÿv †mvbv djvq 146. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †mKv‡j Kviv d«vÝ‡K iÿv K‡i‡Q? A_ev, †m hy‡M d«vÝ‡K Kviv iÿv K‡iwQj? K hviv cÖPzi eB c‡o‡Q L hviv cixÿvq fv‡jv dj K‡i‡Q o hviv cixÿvq fv‡jv K‡iwb N hviv a¨vbgMœ n‡q jvB‡eªwi‡Z Aa¨qb K‡i‡Q

147. Áhviv cvm Ki‡Z cv‡iwb ZvivB †`k‡K iÿv K‡i‡Q|Ó K_vwU †Kvb †`k m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q?

K ivwkqv o d«vÝ M bvB‡Rwiqv N hy³ivóª 148. †jLK cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z †KvbwU mvÿvrfv‡e

Dìc~wZ©i Kv‡R jv‡M bv? mvwnZ¨ L jvB‡eªwi M wkÿv N Rxebxkw³ 149. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü mvaviY wek¦v‡m Kv‡ì‡K Ajm

ejv n‡q‡Q? K hviv A_© DcvR©‡b wegyL hviv †¯^”Qvq eB c‡o M hviv †jLvcovq Drmvnx bq N hviv Kg©wegyL 150. g‡bi `vwe iÿv bv Ki‡j Kx euv‡P bv K Rxeb o AvZ¥v M gbyl¨Z¡ N we‡eK 151. Ôe¨vwaB msµvgK, ¯v ’¨ bq|Õ GB Dw³wU †Kvb

cÖm‡½ Kiv n‡q‡Q? K Avgv‡ì Kz-Af¨vm cÖm‡½ L Avgv‡ì †ivMe¨vwa cÖm‡½ M Avgv‡ì Kzms¯‹vi cÖm‡½ o Avgv‡ì wkÿvi „wófw½i cÖm‡½


152. ÔDØvûÕ K_vwUi A_© Kx? K Avn¬v‡` nvZ ¸Uv‡bv o EaŸ© evû M EaŸ© Avq N EaŸ© nvZ 153. ÔMZvmyÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© Kx? o g„Z L giYkxj M MZvbyMwZK N MZKvj

cvV cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 32

154. ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜwUi iPwqZv †K? K gybxi †PŠayix L †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix o cÖg_ †PŠayix N GqvKze Avjx †PŠayix 155. cÖg_ †PŠayix Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨PP©vi Abf¨v‡mi

KviY wn‡m‡e †KvbwU‡K `vqx K‡i‡Qb? o wkÿveë¯’vi ÎæwU‡K L MYZš¿‡K M †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸iæ‡ì‡K N gvZvwcZvi D”Pvkv‡K


156. ÔeB cov gvby‡li †kÖô kL n‡jI Avwg KvD‡K kL wn‡m‡e eB co‡Z civgk© w`‡Z PvB‡b|Õ Gi KviY i. civgk©‡K †KD MÖvn¨ Ki‡e bv e‡j ii. civgk©‡K Kz-civgk© g‡b Ki‡e e‡j iii. evOvwj civgk© cQ›` K‡i bv e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

157. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g‡Z Rxeb‡K my›ì I gnr Kivi cÖ¯Íve A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q g‡b nq i. hš¿Yv`vqK ii. wbg©g iii. wbi_©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 158. evOvwj‡ì aviYv, wkÿv Zv‡ì

i. Mv‡qi R¡vjv `~i Ki‡e ii. †Pv‡Li Rj `~i Ki‡e iii. ag© PP©v †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N i, ii I iii 159. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z mvwnZ¨PP©v wkÿvi me©cÖavb

A½ n‡jI i. G wkÿvi dj nv‡Z nv‡Z cvIqv hvq bv ii. G wkÿvi dj ZvrÿwYK bq iii. G wkÿvi †Kv‡bv evRviì †bB wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 160 I 161bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôcwo‡j eB Av‡jvwKZ nq bv cwo‡j eB AÜKv‡i iq|Õ [Aby. 3-4] 160. DÏxcKwUi fvev_© ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb

Pi‡Y we`¨gvb? K Áv‡bi fvÐvi a‡bi fvÐvi bq L wkÿv †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv o mywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZ N Avgv‡ì evRv‡i we`¨v`vZvi Afve †bB 161. DÏxcKwUi fvev_© ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h fve‡K

wb‡`©k K‡i Zv n‡jv i. ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡g †gŠwjKZ¡ AR©b ii. wkÿvh‡š¿i gva¨‡g weKwkZ nIqv iii. wkÿ‡Ki gva¨‡g weKwkZ nIqv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 162 I 163bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †kdvjx cwiev‡ii iÿYkxjZvi Kvi‡Y we`¨vj‡q

†h‡Z bv cvivq cixÿvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB †m evmvq e‡mB wkÿv MÖn‡Yi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q| KviY †m eB c‡o Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q, cÖK…Z wkwÿZ e¨w³iv wb‡Ri D‡`¨v‡MB wkÿv‡K AvZ¥¯’ K‡i myß cÖwZfvi weKvk NwU‡q _v‡Kb|

162. †kdvjxi D‡`¨v‡Mi welqwU †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb cÖe‡Üi cÖavb welq?

K wbixn evOvwj o eB cov M wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡ N wbgMvQ 163. †kdvjxi D‡`¨vM MÖnY‡K ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi

Av‡jv‡K Kx ejv hvq? K mywkÿv o ¯^wkÿv M cÖK…Z wkÿv N ˆbwZK wkÿv

M`¨ 03 AfvMxi ¯^M© kirP› ª P‡Ævcva¨vq

cvVëB we‡kølY


164. kirP‡›`ªi Rš§ KZ mv‡j? K 1848 L 1868 o 1876 N 1902 165. †i½y‡b GKvD›U¨v›U †Rbv‡i‡ji Awd‡m kirP› ª

P‡Ævcva¨vq †Kvb c‡` PvKwi K‡ib? K Awdmvi c‡` L GKvD›U¨v›U c‡` o †Kivwb c‡` N mnKvix Awdmvi c‡`

166. Ô†è`vmÕ I ÔkÖxKvšÍÕ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q K wel‡q L Pwi‡Î o Avw½‡K N †cÖÿvc‡U

167. kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq g„ZzëiY K‡ib

o 1938 mv‡ji 16B Rvbyqvwi L 1938 mv‡ji 1jv Ryb M 1938 mv‡ji 17 †m‡Þ¤î N 1938 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei


168. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í VvKzi`vm gyLy‡hï elx©qmx ¯¿x gviv wM‡qwQj †Kvb †iv‡M?

K †L‡Z bv †c‡q o R¡‡i M K‡jivq N em‡šÍ

169. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í VvKzi`vm gyLy‡hï ¯¿xi

kehvÎv aygav‡gi mv‡_ Kiv n‡qwQj †Kb?

o DuPz Rv‡Zi Kvi‡Y

L wbPz Rv‡Zi Kvi‡Y

M gyLy‡hï wcÖq ¯¿x nIqvi Kvi‡Y

N eqm †ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y

170. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í kehvÎv †`‡L Av‡iKevi

¯^vgxM„‡n hvÎv Ki‡Q Ggb g‡b nIqvi KviY Kx?

o ke‡`‡ni mvRm¾v †`‡L

L †jvKR‡bi KvbœvKvwU †`‡L

M Kcv‡j wmu`yi †`‡L

N cv‡qi AvjZv †`‡L


171. KvOvjxi gv †Pv‡Li Rj gyQ‡Z gyQ‡Z †Kv_vq wM‡q Dcw ’Z n‡jv?

o k¥kv‡b L evRv‡i M evwo‡Z N gw›`‡i 172. †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i k¥kvb NvU Aew¯’Z? [Aby. 1] K k•L o Miæo M MovB N cÙv 173. gyLy‡hï ¿xi ¯M©v‡ivnY †`‡L KvOvjxi gvi

Ae ’v †Kgb n‡jv? K Zvi Kvbœv †cj L Avb‡›` AvZ¥nviv n‡jv M †`‡LB Ávb nvivj o eyK dz‡j DV‡Z jvMj 174. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í KvOvjxi wL‡` †c‡qwQj KLb? o `ycy‡i L iv‡Z M mKv‡j N mÜ¨vq 175. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í AfvMxi bvg †K w`‡qwQj? K AfvMxi gv o AfvMxi evev M AfvMxi `v`v N AfvMxi bvbv

176. Ôev‡Ni Ab¨ evwNbx wQj|Õ GLv‡b evwNbx n‡jv K KvOvjxi gv o iwm‡Ki wØZxq ¯¿x M gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi ¯¿x N gy‡Lvcva¨vq gnvk‡qi wØZxq ¿x

177. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í iwmK g~jZ AfvMxi K gvgv L PvPv o ¯^vgx N fvB 178. ÔAfvMx Zvnvi AfvM¨ I wkïcyÎ KvOvjx‡K

jBqv MÖv‡gB cwoqv iBjÕ †Kb? o ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v nIqvq L ¯^vgx gviv hvIqvq M KvOvjxi evqbvi Kvi‡Y N ¯^vgxi Kov wb‡`©‡k 179. KvOvjx m‡egvÎ wK‡mi KvR Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i‡Q? o †e‡Zi KvR L Kv‡Vi KvR M `wR©i KvR N Kvgv‡ii KvR 180. AfvMx KvOvjx‡K †Kv_vq †h‡Z wb‡la Kij? o Kv‡R L kehvÎvq M gvgvevwo‡Z N `v`vi evwo‡Z 181. AfvMx KvOvjx‡K Kv‡K a‡i Avb‡Z e‡j? K VvKzi`vm gyLy‡h¨‡K o wb‡Ri ¯^vgx‡K M evgyb gv‡K N bvc‡Z †eŠw`‡K 182. KvOvjxi evev‡K AfvMx a‡i Avb‡Z e‡jwQj †Kb? K kvw¯Í †Ìqvi Rb¨ L UvKv cv‡e e‡j M m¤úwË wj‡L w`‡Z o cv‡qi ay‡jv †bIqvi Rb¨ 183. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í KweivR KqwU ewo w`‡qwQ‡jb? K wZbUv o PviUv M mvZUv N AvUUv 184. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í bvc‡Z †eŠwì KvQ †_‡K

KvOvjx‡K AfvMx Kx wb‡q Avm‡Z ejj? o AvjZv L kvwo M Pvj N byb 185. AfvMx iwmK y‡ji cv‡qi ayjv PvBj †Kb? o ¯^M©evmx nIqvi Rb¨ L cweÎ nIqvi Rb¨ M kÖ×vekZ N †Kv‡bv KviY QvovB 186. iwmK †ej MvQwU Kx Kv‡R eënvi Ki‡Z

†P‡qwQj? [Aby. 2] o AfvMxi ke`vn L Nievwo ˆZwi M ivbœvi KvV msMÖn N KvOvjxi Rb¨ 187. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í KzwUi cÖv½‡Y Kx MvQ Av‡Q? K Zvj L eiB o †ej N RjcvB 188. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í †K ¯’vbxq †jvK bq? K iwmK `y‡j L VvKzi`vm gyLy‡h¨ M wew›ì gv o Rwg`vi

189. KvOvjx wKQy Qyu‡q †d‡j‡Q wKbv GRb¨ Aai ivq Kx Qwo‡q w`‡Z ej‡jb?

o †MveiRj L cyKz‡ii Rj M †MvjvcRj N bjK‚‡ci Rj 190. ÔAfvMxi ¯M©Õ M‡í Aai Mv‡Qi `vg KZ UvKv PvBj? K yB UvKv L wZb UvKv M Pvi UvKv o cuvP UvKv 191. ivLv‡ji gv KvOvjx‡K L‡oi AuvwU †R¡‡j

w`‡qwQj †Kb? o KvV cvqwb e‡j L AfvMxi B”Qvq M †QvU RvZ e‡j N GwZg e‡j

192. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í KvOvjx ¯Íä n‡q †P‡q iBj K †cQb cv‡b L mvg‡bi w`‡K M wb‡Pi w`‡K o EaŸ©`„‡ó


193. Ôelx©qmxÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? o AwZ e„× L el©c~wZ© Abyôvb M gaëq¯‹ N el©vi Abyôvb 194. `y‡j Kviv? o cvjwK enbKvix wn› y m¤úÖ`vq we‡kl L Kvgvi m¤úÖ`vq M †R‡j m¤úÖ`vq N Kz‡gvi m¤úÖ`vq 195. wb¯Íä k‡ãi mgv_©K kã †KvbwU? o wbðj L †Kvjvnj M evPvj N mevK


196. Ôkir mvwnZ¨mgMÖÕ MÖ‡š’i †Kvb LÐ †_‡K ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ bvgK MíwU msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

o cÖ_g LÐ L wØZxq LÐ M Z…Zxq LÐ N PZz_© LÐ 197. g„Zzï mgq KvOvjx Zvi evev‡K nvwRi Ki‡Z

cvi‡jI gv‡qi mrKvi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †Kb? o †QvU RvZ e‡j L evev †`L‡Z bv cvivq M gv‡qi B”Qv wQj ZvB N cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì evavq

198. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í KvOvjx n‡jv K mvnmx L cÖwZev`x o †kvwlZ N A‡eva 199. VvKzi`vm gy‡Lvcva¨vq ZrKvjxb mgv‡R Kv‡ì

cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? K awbK‡kÖwYi L ewYK‡kÖwYi M †fvMev`x †kÖwYi o mvgšÍ‡kÖwYi 200. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi MwZkxj PwiÎ †KvbwU? K AfvMx o KvOvjx M iwmK `y‡j N VvKzi`vm gy‡Lvcva¨vq 201. Kvi K_vwU KvOvjxi ey‡K wM‡q Zx‡ii g‡Zv weuaj? K Aai iv‡qi L `v‡ivqv‡bi o ivLv‡ji gv‡qi N wew›ì wcwmi 202. KvOvjxi gv †KvbwU‡K ¯^‡M©i i_ †f‡ewQj? K Av¸b‡K L AvjZv‡K M wPZvi KvV‡K o †auvqv‡K 203. Rwg`v‡ii †Mvg Ívi bvg Kx? o Aai ivq L fÆvPvh© M cuv‡o N gy‡Lvcva¨vq 204. KvOvjx wK‡mi Afv‡e gv‡qi mrKvi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb? K P›`‡bi Afv‡e o Kv‡Vi Afv‡e M ¯’v‡bi Afv‡e N eªvþ‡Yi Afv‡e

eüc`x mgvwµ¦mƒPK eüwbeÆvPwb cÉGk²vîi

205. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í e„× gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi `y‡duvUv

†Pv‡Li Rj

i. ¯¿x nviv‡bvi †e`bvi cÖZxK

ii. m¤úwË wd‡i cvIqvi Avb‡›ì cÖZxK

iii. nviv‡bv cyÎ wd‡i cvIqvi cÖZxK

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M iii N i I iii

206. KvOvjxi gv †h †QvU RvZ GB welqwU dz‡U I‡V

wb‡Pi †h cO&w³‡Z

i. ke‡`‡ni Kv‡Q †h‡Z cv‡i bv

ii. †e¸b Zz‡j nv‡U wewµ K‡i

iii. kehvÎv †`‡L †kvKvZ© n‡jv


o i L ii M i I ii N iii

207. KvOvjxi AvPi‡Y cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q

i. gv‡qi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv

ii. gv‡qi cÖwZ `vwqZ¡

iii. gv‡qi mv‡_ PvjvwK


K i L ii o i I ii N i I iii

208. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í †jL‡Ki g~j e³e¨ dzwU‡q

†Zvjv n‡q‡Q

i. kehvÎvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`wL‡q

ii. VvKzi`v‡mi KvbœvKvwU †`wL‡q

iii. Rwg`v‡ii eënvi †`wL‡q


o i L ii M i I iii N ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 209bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

ZK©iZœ Kwn‡jb avi wbwe ïawe Kxfv‡e? Mdzi

ewjj, †hgb K‡i cvwi ïae evev VvKzi,

†Zvgv‡K duvwK †è bv| [Aby. 3]

209. ZK©iZœ ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa?

K VvKzi `vm gyLy‡R¨ L iwmK `y‡j

M `v‡ivqvbRx o Aai

DÏxcKwU c‡o 210 †_‡K 212bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

wknv‡ei evev †bB| gv ¯‹z‡j PvKwi K‡ib|

mvivw`b ¯‹z‡j cwo‡q K¬všÍ n‡q evwo †d‡ib|

Zvici wZwb wknv‡ei Kv‡Q VvÛv cvwb †L‡Z

Pvb| wknve A‡bK ~‡i eid Kj †_‡K eid

G‡b gv‡K VvÛv cvwb LvIqvi eë ’v K‡i †`q|

210. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cov †Kvb iPbvi wgj Av‡Q?

K ÔAvg AuvwUi †fucy L wbgMvQ

o AfvMxi ¯^M© N cvjv‡gŠ

211. DÏxc‡Ki wknve PwiÎwU D³ M‡íi †Kvb

Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

K iwmK `y‡j L Rwg`vi

M wew›ì wcwm o KvOvjx

212. D³ M‡íi †h welqwU DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q

i. gv‡qi cÖwZ mšÍv‡bi fv‡jvevmv

ii. gv‡qi cÖwZ mšÍv‡bi KZ©e¨‡eva

iii. gv‡qi FY cwi‡kva


o i L i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii


M`¨ 04 cwjømvwnZ¨ gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn



213. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? k 1885 L 1890 M 1910 N 1912 214. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn&i Ab¨Zg KvjRqx m¤úv`bv

MÖš’ †KvbwU? K evsjv mvwn‡Zï K_v k evsjv‡`‡ki AvÂwjK fvlvi Awfavb M ev½vjv fvlvi e¨vKiY N evsjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë 215. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& K‡e g„ZyëiY K‡ib? K 1932 wLªóv‡ãi 9 wW‡m¤i L 1969 wLªóv‡ãi 6 Ryb k 1969 wLªóv‡ãi 13 RyjvB N 1970 wLªóv‡ãi 6 AvM÷

g~jcvV cvVëB; c„ôv 49-52

216. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †Kvb cvwLi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q?

k †KvwKj, †`v‡qj, cvwcqv L KvK, wPj, †KvwKj M kKzb, cvwcqv, KvK N †`v‡qj, kKzb, eyjeywj 217. cwjøi ci‡Z ci‡Z †KvbwU Qwo‡q Av‡Q? K bvUK L cÖeÜ M cÖnmb k mvwnZ¨ 218. cwjøi ci‡Z ci‡Z jy°vwqZ mvwnZ¨ wb‡q

gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& iwPZ cÖe‡Üi bvg K cwjøK_v L cwjøMv‡bi BwZK_v k cwjømvwnZ¨ N cwjøRxeb 219. †Kv_vq evm K‡i Avgiv fz‡j hvB evqy mvM‡i

Avgiv Wz‡e AvwQ? K N‡ii g‡a¨ L Zuveyi g‡a¨ k evZv‡mi g‡a¨ N Av‡jvi g‡a¨ 220. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ gv‡b k †h mvwn‡Zï me Dcv`vb cwjø †_‡K cÖvß L †h mvwn‡Zï AvswkK Dcv`vb cwjø †_‡K cÖvß M †h mvwn‡Zï A‡a©K Dcv`vb cwjø †_‡K cÖvß N †h mvwn‡Z¨ cwjøi Dcv`vb †bB 221. †hLv‡b A‡bK eo mvwnZ¨ I mvwn‡Zï

DcKiY Qwo‡q Av‡Q, Zv cÖKv‡k wb‡Pi †Kvb hyw³wU mg_©b‡hvM¨?

k cvovMuv‡q L kn‡i M e›`‡i N bM‡i 222. ÒW±i `x‡bkP›`ª †mb msMÖn K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb

mvwn‡Zï Kx GK Ag~j¨ Lwb cwjøRbbxi ey‡K jywK‡q Av‡Q|Ó Kx msMÖn K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb?

k ˆggbwmsn MxwZKv L †Ìqvbv gw`bv M iƒcK_v N DcK_v 223. evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †jvKMv_vi bvg Kx? K †ZcvšÍi L MÖvg-MÖvgvšÍi M Av‡jvi wgwQj k ˆggbwmsn MxwZKv 224. †ivguv †ivjuv hvi iƒc‡mŠ›`‡h© gy» n‡q‡Qb wZwb †K? k gw`bv wewe L †g‡ni evby M Lvqiæb my›ìx N gûqv 225. ÔwKš‘ nvq! G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †¯^”Qv‡meK `j

KB?Ñ gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn&i G nZvkv `~i n‡Z cv‡i Kxfv‡e? [Aby 2]

K †¯^”Qv‡meK `j MVb K‡i L mfv-mwgwZ‡Z h_vh_ Dc¯’vcb K‡i M †dvK‡jvi †mvmvBwU ¯’vcb K‡i k RbmvaviY‡K m‡PZb K‡i

226. ÔwKš‘ nvq! G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †¯^”Qv‡meK `j KB?Õ GLv‡b †Kvb Kv‡Ri K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

k evsjvi cÖ‡Z¨K cwjø †_‡K †jvKmvwnZ¨ msMÖn I cÖKvk Kiv

L we‡`wk mvwnZ¨ msMÖn Kiv M kû‡i mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv N AvaywbK Mí¸‡jv cÖKvk Kiv 227. cwjøi mvwnZ¨-m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ Rvwi, mvwi I

fvwUqvwj Mvb¸‡jv K cÖvPxb iZœm¤ú` k Ag~j¨ iZœwe‡kl M AvaywbK iZœwe‡kl N †kŠwLb iZœwe‡kl 228. AvaywbK wkÿvi Kg©bvkv †mÖv‡Zi AZj M‡f©

Zwj‡q hv‡”Q Kx? [Aby 1] k DcK_v L cÖev` M Qov N cwjøMvb

229. cwjømvwn‡Zï †Kvb DcKiY‡K cÖvewÜK my ~i AZx‡Zi mvÿxiƒ‡c MY¨ K‡i‡Qb?

K DcK_v‡K kiƒcK_v‡K M cÖev`-cÖePb‡K N Lbvi ePb‡K 230. †KvbwU bó n‡q AZx‡Zi m‡½ Avgv‡ì m¤Ü

†jvc K‡i w`‡”Q? K DcK_v k iƒcK_v M cwjøMxwZ N Lbvi ePb 231. Ôeo eo weØvb‡ì mfv Av‡Q, hv‡K ejv nq

Folklore Society.' †Kvb †`‡k Folklore Society Av‡Q? K Gwkqvq, Rvcv‡b L fvi‡Z, kÖxj¼vq k BD‡iv‡c, Av‡gwiKvq N Px‡b, gvjØx‡c 232. Folklore Society BD‡ivc, Av‡gwiKvi k weØvb‡ì mfv L DbœZ mgvR M cyi‡bv mgvR N AvaywbK mf¨ mgvR 233. ÔVvKzigvi SzwjÕ-i †jLK/iPwqZv †K? K W. `x‡bkP›`ª †mb L cÖg_ †PŠayix k `wÿYviÄb wgÎ gRyg`vi N ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 234. evsjv‡`‡ki mg¯Í DcK_v GK RvqMvq R‡ov

Ki‡j †hwUi g‡Zv K‡qK evjv‡g msKzjvb n‡Zv bv, †mwU k wek¦‡Kvl L wek¦fvÐvi M wek¦MÖš’ N wek¦wewPÎv

235. ÔEb el©vq `y‡bv kxZ|Õ Gi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †KvbwUi?

k Kjv iæ‡q bv †K‡Uv cvZ, Zv‡ZB Kvco Zv‡ZB fvZ

L †iv` n‡”Q cvwb n‡”Q, †LuKwkqvjxi we‡q n‡”Q M gb gvwS †Zvi êVv †b †i, Avwg Avi

evB‡Z cvijvg bv N Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg 236. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK mv_©K cÖevèvK¨

dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? k awi gvQ, bv QyuB cvwb L bvB bvB UvKv bvB M LvB LvB fvZ LvB N †iv` n‡”Q, cvwb n‡”Q †LuKwkqvjxi we‡q n‡”Q

237. ÒKZ hy‡Mi f~‡qv`k©‡bi cwicK¡ dj mwÂZ n‡q Av‡Q, †K Zv A¯xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡i?Ó ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK G K_vi cÖgvY w`‡q‡Qb †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? K gvidwZ Mvb L fvwUqvwj Mvb k WvK I Lbvi ePb N iƒcK_v

238. RvwZi cyi‡bv BwZnv‡mi A‡bK †Mvcb K_vI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?

K DcK_v I iƒcK_vq k cÖev` evK¨, WvKv I Lbvi eP‡b M cwjøMv‡b N Qov I †Ljvi Mr-G

239. cwjømvwn‡Zï Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡Z RvwZi HwZnvwmK Z_¨ jÿ Kiv hvq?

K b‡U MvQwU gy‡ov‡jv Avgvi K_vwU dz‡iv‡jv M GKnvZ †evjøv evi nvZ

wks D‡o hvq †evjøv av

wZs wZs

L Kjv iæ‡q bv †K‡Uv cvZ

Zv‡ZB Kvco Zv‡ZB fvZ

k †Q‡j Nygv‡jv cvov Ryov‡jv

ewM© G‡jv †`‡k 240. Ôwcu‡oq e‡m †cu‡ovi Lei|Õ G cÖev` evK¨wU

†Kvb mg‡qi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q? K hLb gywk© vev` e‡½i ivRavbx wQj k hLb cvÐyqv e‡½i ivRavbx wQj M hLb Rvnv½xibMi e‡½i ivRavbx wQj N hLb †MŠo e‡½i ivRavbx wQj 241. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü e‡½i ivRavbx cvÐyqvi

mgKvjxb mg‡qi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g?

k wcu‡oq e‡m †cu‡ovi Lei L awi gvQ bv QyuB cvwb M Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg N bvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb euvKv 242. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ Ôwcu‡oq e‡m

†cu‡ovi LeiÕ cÖev`wU m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi †Kvb hyw³wU mg_©b‡hvM¨?

k e‡½i ivRavbx hLb cvÐyqv wQj ZLbKvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q

L e‡½i ivRavbx hLb †MŠo wQj ZLbKvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q

M e‡½i ivRavbx hLb gywk©`vev` wQj ZLbKvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q

N e‡½i ivRavbx hLb b`xqvq wQj ZLbKvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q

243. Ò†iv` n‡”Q, cvwb n‡”Q, †LuKwkqvjxi we‡q n‡”Q|Ó GUv †Kvb ai‡bi mvwnZ¨?

k Qov L Mvb M MRj N KweZv 244. ÔG¸wj mim cÖv‡Yi RxešÍ DrmÕ †Kvb¸‡jv? k Qov I Mvb L Qov I Mr M iƒcK_v I DcK_v N cÖev` I cÖePb 245. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †Kvb¸‡jv‡K mim cÖv‡Yi

RxešÍ Drm ejv n‡q‡Q? K WvK I Lbvi ePb L cÖevèvK¨ I euvaveywj k Nygcvovbx Mvb I Qov N cwjøMvb I iƒcK_v 246. cwjømvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ †KvbwU Ag~j¨ iZœwe‡kl? K DcK_v L Qov M cÖev` k cwjøMvb 247. cwjømvwn‡Zï †Kvb aviv‡K Ag~j¨ iZœwe‡kl

ejv nq? k cwjøMxwZ L cÖev`-cÖePb M ˆggbwmsn MxwZKv N Lbvi ePb 248. ÒZv‡Z KZ †cÖg, KZ Mvb, KZ †mŠ›`h©, KZ

ZË¡Ávb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡QÓ wK‡m? k cwjøMv‡b L Qovq M Lbvi eP‡b N cÖeP‡b 249. Ògb gvwS †Zvi êVv †b †i/ Avwg Avi evB‡Z

cvijvg bv|Ó GUv †Kvb ai‡bi Mvb? K ivLvwj L RvwiMvb k gvidwZ Mvb N mvwiMvb 250. evsjv mvwn‡Zï Kq Avbv kû‡i mvwnZ¨? k c‡b‡iv Avbv L ev‡iv Avbv M Pvi Avbv N GK Avbv 251. ivR-ivRovi K_v †Kvb mvwn‡Zï cÖZxK? k bvMwiK mvwn‡Zï L †jvKmvwn‡Zï M cwjømvwn‡Zï N MÖvgxY mvwn‡Zï


252. Ò†m mvwn‡Z¨ Av‡Q ivR-ivRovi K_v, evey-wewei K_v, †gvUiMvwoi K_v, weRwj evwZi K_v, wm‡bgv w_‡qUv‡ii K_v, Pv‡qi evwU‡Z dzu

†èvi K_v|Ó †Kvb mvwn‡Z¨ Gme K_v Av‡Q? K cÖvPxb mvwn‡Z¨ k bvMwiK mvwn‡Z¨ M DcK_vq N cwjømvwn‡Z¨ 253. cwjømvwn‡Zï m‡½ cÖvewÜK bvMwiK mvwn‡Zï

Zzjbvg~jK e³e¨wU dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g?

k ivRivRovi K_v L cÖe‡Üi Avw½K MVb M Qov I Mr N fvlv web¨vm 254. ÁGKevi ÔGevi wdivI †gv‡iÕ e‡j Avevi cyi‡bv

c‡_ bvMwiK mvwnZ¨ wb‡qB e¨¯Í wQ‡jb|Ó †K? k iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L cwjøKwe RmxgD`&`xb M KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg N diiæL Avng` 255. ÁAvR ìKvi n‡q‡Q kû‡i mvwn‡Zï evjvLvbvi

cv‡k †Mu‡qv mvwn‡Zï †Rvovevsjv Ni Zzj‡Z|Ó G gšÍ‡eï ga¨ w`‡q †jLK †KvbwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb?

K we‡`wk mvwnZ¨‡K L cwjømvwnZ¨‡K M kû‡i mvwnZ¨‡K k cwjø I kû‡i Dfq mvwnZ¨‡K 256. BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKvi g‡Zv Avgv‡ì †`‡kI

AbvMZKv‡j †Kvb mvwnZ¨ Av`‡ii Avmb cv‡e? K cwjømvwnZ¨ L kû‡i mvwnZ¨ M bvMwiK mvwnZ¨ k cÖ‡jZvwi‡qZ mvwnZ¨ 257. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü cwjøi DcK_v¸‡jv‡Z

†jLK †Kvb Av‡e`b‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb? K mvwnZ¨ Av‡e`b k me©Rbxb Av‡e`b M mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡e`b N ˆkwíK Av‡e`b 258. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni g‡Z cwjømvwn‡Zï GLbI

mgvì K‡i Kviv? K kû‡i †jv‡Kiv k cvovMuv‡qi †jv‡Kiv M AwkwÿZ e¨w³iv N cwÐZ e¨w³iv

kãv_© I UxKv cvVëB; c„ôv 52

259. Ôˆggbwmsn MxwZKvÕ †K msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K Kwe RmxgD`&`xb L W±i `x‡bkP›`ª †mb M W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& k P›`ªKzgvi †` 260. †ivguv-†ivjuvi cwiPq wn‡m‡e †Kvb Z_¨wU

mg_©b‡hvM¨? K BZvwji KvjRqx mvwnwZ¨K I `vk©wbK L divwm †`‡ki weL¨vZ HwZnvwmK k divwm †`‡ki KvjRqx mvwnwZ¨K I `vk©wbK N divwm †`‡ki weL¨vZ cÖ‡KŠkjwe` 261. †ivguv †ivjuv KZ wLªóv‡ã mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej

cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? K 1913 wLªóv‡ã k 1915 wLªóv‡ã M 1916 wLªóv‡ã N 1921 wLªóv‡ã 262. ÔRuv wµ¯ÍdÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZvi bvg Kx? k †ivguv †ivjuv L †kK&mwcqi M evqib N wgëb 263. 1915 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨ †K †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? K iex› ªbv_ VvKzi L cve‡jv †biæ`v M Gm cvj© evK k †ivguv †ivjuv 264. gbmyi eqvwZ †K? k Ô†Ìqvbv gw`bvÕ cvjvi Kwe L GKRb KÉwkíx M GKRb myimªóv N GKRb MxwZKvi

265. gvby‡li DrcwË I weKvk msµvšÍ weÁvb †KvbwU? K cÖZœZË¡ kb„ZË¡ M f‚ZË¡ N cÖvwYZË¡ 266. ÒbvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb euvKvÓ GwU Kx? k cÖev` evK¨ L WvK M Mr N Lbvi ePb 267. ÔLbvÕ †K? K †bÎx k †R¨vwZlx M gnxqmx N Kwe 268. ÔcÖPzi †`Lv I †kvbvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z AwfÁZvÕ K b„ZË¡ k f~‡qv`k©b M cÖZœZË¡ N cÖevèvK¨


269. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK g~je³e¨wU dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g?

K cÖe‡Üi Avw½K MVb k cwjømvwn‡Zï h_v_© DcKiY M Dcgv I iƒcK N fvlvi cÖ‡qvM

270. †jLK †Kb cwjømvwnZ¨ msMÖn‡K Riæwi g‡b K‡ib? K RvZxq mvwn‡Zï mg„w× wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ k RvZxq HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi cwiPq Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ M we‡`wk ms¯‹…wZi AvMÖvmb †iva Kivi Rb¨ N kû‡i mvwn‡Zï AvMÖvmb †_‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨ 271. cwjømvwnZ¨ mgybœZ ivLvi Dcvq k cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e cwjømvwnZ¨ msMÖn I msiÿY L cwjømvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© e³…Zv cÖ`vb M cwjømvwn‡Zï Avmi emv‡bv N cwjøMÖv‡g emwZ M‡o †Zvjv


272. cwjømvwnZ¨‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb i. cvV¨m~wP‡Z cwjømvwnZ¨ AšÍfz©³ Kiv ii. Pvlv‡ì f`ª mgv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv iii. cwjømvwn‡Zï c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii k i I iii N i, ii I iii 273. Ò†`‡ki Av‡jv-evZv‡mi g‡Zv mK‡jiB

mvaviY m¤úwË|Ó G m¤úwËi cÖgvY w`‡q‡Qb †jLK †Kvb welqwU D‡jø‡Li gva¨‡g?

i. iƒcK_v, †Ìqvbv gw`bv, Qov ii. iƒcK_v, cwjøMv_v, Qov

iii. cwjøMv_v, cÖev`, Rvwi Mvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

274. cwjømvwn‡Zï m¤ú` i. Rvwi Mvb, mvwi Mvb, fvwUqvwj Mvb ii. ivLvwj Mvb, gvidwZ Mvb iii. cc Mvb, AvaywbK Mvb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 275. gvwUi N‡i gvwUi gvbyl n‡q _vK‡Z PvIqv

ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q i. bvMwiK mvwnZ¨‡K fv‡jvevmv ii. cwjømvwn‡Zï cÖwZ AvKl©Y iii. †jvKmvwn‡Zï g~j¨vqb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii k ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 276. wKš‘ nvq! G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †¯^”Qv‡meK `j KB?

cwjømvwnZ¨ msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R W. gyn¤§`

knx`yjøvni G nZvkv `~i n‡Z cv‡ib i. cwjømvwnZ¨ mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i ii. †dvK‡jvi †mvmvBwU ¯’vcb K‡i iii. RbmvaviY‡K DØy× K‡i

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 277 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †lvj Pv‡l gyjv Zvi A‡a©K Zzjv Zvi A‡a©K avb webv Pv‡l cvb [Aby 3] 277. DÏxcKwUi aib n‡jvÑ K cÖev` cÖePb k Lbvi ePb M Wv‡Ki K_v N †jvKMv_v

DÏxcKwU c‡o 278 I 279bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ivbv wKQy‡ZB Ny‡gv‡e bv| gv ej‡jb, ÒG‡mv †Zvgv‡K

iƒcK_vi NygšÍ ivRKb¨v Avi cw•LivR †Nvovi Mí eje|Ó ivbv ejj, ÒAvwg Ime ïbe bv|Ó ÒNygcvovwb Mvb †kvbve G‡mv|Ó ÒIme cPv, Avwg ïbe bv|Ó ivbv wUwf †Q‡o KvUz©b Qwe †`L‡Z emj| gv `xN©k¦vm †Q‡o ¯MZ ej‡jb, Ònvq, AvaywbK cÖhyw³i AcÖwZ‡iva¨ cÖfve w`b‡K w`b Avgv‡ì AZx‡Zi m‡½ m¤^‡Üi mKj wkKo wQu‡o w`‡”Q|Ó

278. DÏxc‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †jvKmvwn‡Zï k ¸iæZ¡ L gh©v`v M AvšÍwiKZv N cÿcvwZZ¡ 279. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU DÏxc‡K cÖKvk

†c‡q‡Q i. AvaywbK cÖhyw³i cÖv`yf©ve ii. Aw¯ÍZ¡ nviv‡bvi hš¿Yv iii. AvaywbK mf¨Zvi Ae¯’v †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii

M i I iii k i, ii I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o 280 I 281bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Bg‡bi gv Awdm QywUi ci evmvq G‡m LvwbK

wekÖvg wb‡q Bgb‡K cov‡Z emvj| wKš‘ Bg‡bi co‡Z †gv‡UI fv‡jv jvMwQj bv| †m gv‡qi Kv‡Q Mí ïb‡Z evqbv aij| gv Zv‡K †kK&mwcq‡ii M‡íi Abyev` †kvbvj|

280. DÏxcKwU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †jvKmvwn‡Zï

cÖwZ GLbKvi wkwÿZ Rbbx‡ì K AvšÍwiKZv k Ae‡njv M cÿcvwZZ¡ N gh©v`v cÖ`vb

281. GB A‡enjvi Rb¨ †h welqwU `vqx i. AvaywbK wkÿvi cÖfve ii. AvaywbK cÖhyw³i cÖfve iii. wkwÿZ Rbbxi wPšÍv-†PZbv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii

k i I iii N i, ii I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o 282 I 283bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : evsjv GKv‡Wwgi ZË¡veav‡b 64 †Rjvq †jvKR

ms¯‹…wZ weKvk kxl©K Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Kg©m~wP‡Z wdìIqvK© ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| D³ Kg©m~wP †hb mdjfv‡e m¤úvw`Z nq †mwUB mevi cÖZ¨vkv|

282. evsjv GKv‡Wwgi D‡`¨vMwU †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb cvV¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?

K yB gymvwdi k cwjømvwnZ¨ M eB cov N wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡

283. Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi cÖavb welq i. †jvKms¯‹…wZ weKv‡k D‡`¨vM MÖnY ii. †¯^”Qv‡meK `j m„wó iii. †jvKm¤ú‡ì cwiwPwZ NUv‡bv


M i I iii k i, ii I iii


M`Å 05 Avg-AuvwUi ˆfucy wef„wZf„lY eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq

cvVëB we‡kølY


284. cÖK…wZ Ges gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Awfbœ m¤ú‡K©i

wPivqZ Zvrc‡h© gwngvwš^Z wef‚wZf‚l‡Yi K bvU¨mvwnZ¨ L KweZv o K_vmvwnZ¨ N Mvb 285. Avw½‡Ki w`K †_‡K Ô`„wócÖ`xcÕ MÖ‡š’i mv‡_

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q †Kvb MÖ‡š’i? K †gŠixdzj L hvÎve`j M †gNgjøvi o AviY¨K 286. wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib? o 1950 L 1951 M 1960 N 1962


287. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í †K Avcb g‡b †ivqv‡K e‡m †Ljv KiwQj?

K nwin‡ii Kb¨v o nwin‡ii cyÎ M nwin‡ii fvMœx N cv‡ki evwoi bebxZv 288. Acyi ev‡·i mgy`q m¤úwË †Kv_vq Xvjv n‡qwQj? K †ivqv‡K L DVv‡b M weQvbvq o †g‡S‡Z

289. Á†`wL‡Z fv‡jv ewjqv Zvnvi w`w` †Kv_v nB‡Z A‡bK¸wj KzovBqv AvwbqvwQjÓ Kx Kzwo‡q G‡bwQj?

K Avg L bvi‡K‡ji gvjv o bvUvdj N Av‡gi AuvwU 290. Acyi w`wì bvg Kx? o `yM©v L cve©Zx M wèv N Dlv 291. Acy Kwo¸‡jv †Kv_v †_‡K Pzwi K‡iwQj? K yM©vc~Rvi Kwoi Pzcwo †_‡K L Kvjxc~Rvi Kwoi Pzcwo †_‡K M mi¯^Zx c~Rvi Kwoi Pzcwo †_‡K o jÿ¥xc~Rvi Kwoi Pzcwo †_‡K 292. ïK‡bv bvUvdj †K Kzwo‡q G‡b Acy‡K w`‡qwQj? o w`w` L gv M evev N wcwm 293. DVv‡bi †Kvb RvqMv †_‡K `yM©v Acy‡K WvKwQj?[Aby. 1] K AvgZjv L eUZjv o KuvVvjZjv N RvgZjv 294. `yM©vi Mob †Kgb? K †gvUv‡mvUv o cvZjv M ¯^v¯’ëZx N †`vnviv 295. `yM©vi Mv‡qi is †Kgb? K Kv‡jv L dimv o GKUz Pvcv N mv`vKv‡jv 296. Acyi mv‡_ yM©vi wgj i‡q‡Q o †Pv‡Li L Pz‡ji M Mo‡bi N ei‡Yi

297. `yM©vi †PvL Kvi g‡Zv WvMi WvMi? K nwin‡ii L me©Rqvi M wcwmi o Acyi

298. `yM©vi nv‡Z Acy Kx †`L‡Z †cj? K Li‡Mv‡ki ev”Pv o bvwi‡K‡ji gvjv M QvMjQvbv N cvwLi ev”Pv 299. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í bvwi‡K‡ji gvjvi g‡a¨ Kx wQj? K Rvg L bvwi‡Kj M eiB o KwP Avg KvUv 300. Mjvi myi wbPz K‡i `yM©v Acyi KvQ †_‡K Kx

Rvb‡Z PvBj? K Acy G¸‡jv Lv‡e wKbv o gv NvU †_‡K wd‡i‡Q wKbv M evev Nygv‡”Q wKbv N wcwm e‡m Av‡Q wKbv 301. Acyi gv ÿvi KvP‡Z †Kv_vq wM‡qwQj? K †Wvevq L Lv‡j o Nv‡U N Ab¨ evwo‡Z 302. Acy Kvi AÁvZmv‡i Kwo¸‡jv Pzwi K‡iwQj? K evevi L †ev‡bi M VvKz‡ii o gv‡qi303. `yM©v Acy‡K Kx wb‡q Avm‡Z ejj? K euwU L evwU M wPwb o †Zj, byb

304. †Zj byb Avbvi ci yM©v Avevi Acy‡K Kx Avb‡Z e‡j?

K evwU L gmjv M wcqvR o j¼v 305. nwini iv‡qi †Kvb ÁvwZ-åvZv m¤úÖwZ gviv wM‡q‡Qb? K gRyg`vi ivq o bxjgwY ivq M jvjgwY ivq N A‡kvK ivq 306. yM©v‡ì evwo †_‡K KZ mg‡qi c_ †M‡j fzeb

gyLy‡hï evwo? K Pvi wgwbU o cuvP wgwbU M Qq wgwbU N mvZ wgwbU 307. gv‡qi Mjv †c‡q `yM©v Acy‡K Kxfv‡e †h‡Z ejj? o gy‡Li by‡bi ¸u‡ov gy‡Q L †hfv‡e Av‡Q †mfv‡eB M †`Š‡o N Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í 308. `yM©v Acy‡K gyL gyQ‡Z e‡jwQj †Kb? K gqjv †j‡M _vKvq L Avg KzwP †j‡M _vKvq o by‡bi Muyov †j‡M _vKvq N j¼vi Muyov †j‡M _vKvq 309. me©Rqvi Mv-MZi e¨_v n‡q wM‡qwQj †Kb? K Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y L evwo SuvU w`‡q M MvQ KvU‡Z wM‡q o ÿvi †K‡P310. me©Rqv KLb †_‡K ÿvi KvPwQj? o mKvj †_‡K L ycyi †_‡K M weKvj †_‡K N mÜ¨v †_‡K 311. Acy †L‡Z †L‡Z Kx ejj? o Avi wPe‡bv hvq bv L Lye gRv n‡q‡Q M Avi Av‡Q wK bv N Avwg AviI PvB 312. nwini KLb KvR †m‡i evwo wdij? K mKv‡ji GKUz c‡i o `ycy‡ii GKUz c‡i M weKv‡ji GKUz c‡i N mÜ¨vi GKUz c‡i 313. me©Rqv †Kvb gv‡mi †iv‡` R¡i Avmvi K_v ej‡Q? K Avwk¦b L KvwZ©K M †cŠl o ˆPÎ 314. gvZei †jvKwU nwini‡K fv‡e K wcZ…Zzj¨ L †èZzj¨ M åvZ…Zzj¨ o ¸iæZzj¨ 315. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi gvZei †Mv‡Qi

†jvKUvi RvZ Kx? o m`&‡Mvc L y‡j M †g_i N Kg©Kvi 316. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í me©Rqv‡ì ivqevwoi

KZ UvKvi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq? K cuvP UvKv L Qq UvKv M mvZ UvKv o AvU UvKv 317. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í ivqevwoi UvKv KZ

gvm AšÍi †`q? o `yB-wZb gvm L wZb-Pvi gvm M Pvi-cuvP gvm N cuvP-Qq gvm 318. yM©v †Ljv eÜ K‡i me wewP AuvP‡j †eu‡a Kxfv‡e

evwoi evB‡i †Mj? K gqjv Kvco c‡i o iæÿ Pzj Dwo‡q M nv‡Z jvwV wb‡q N gv‡qi K_v fve‡Z fve‡Z


319. ÔPzcwoÕ ej‡Z Kx †evS? o †QvU Szwo L Kjwm M nuvwo N Pzwo

320. Ôeb-weQywUÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K e‡bi we”Qy L e‡bi †cvKv o ey‡bv MvQ N ey‡bv Kzj 321. ÔKvj‡gNÕ A_© Kx? K †g‡Ni iO L S‡oi c~e©vfvm o hK…‡Zi †iv‡M DcKvix GK cÖKvi wZ³ MvQ N GK cÖKvi Kv‡jv dj


322. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ MíwU wK‡mi AvL¨vb wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q?

o cÖK…wZNwbô `yB fvB-†ev‡bi Avbw›`Z Rxe‡bi L RvZcÖ_vi M cÖK…wZi wbg©jZvi N ˆkkeKvjxb PvÂ‡jï

323. MÖvgxY djdjvw` Avnv‡ii Avb›` Ges wewPÎ welq wb‡q Acy I `yM©vi we¯§q I †KŠZ~nj MíwU‡K wPiKv‡ji gvby‡li Kx g‡b Kwi‡q †`q?

K AZxZ BwZnvm L fwel¨r M eZ©gvb o wPivqZ ˆkke


324. †Z‡ji fuvo Qyu‡j Acy‡K gvi‡e †Kb? [Aby. 2] i. Kzms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y ii. AcP‡qi Kvi‡Y iii. bv Rvbv‡bvi Kvi‡Y

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M iii N ii I iii 325. wef‚wZf‚l‡Yi Dcb¨v‡m dz‡U D‡V‡Q

i. cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i bvbv iƒc‡iLv ii. bvMwiK Rxe‡bi ytL-Kó iii. gvby‡li mnR-mij RxebwPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 326. †Ljbv¸‡jv‡K Acyi m¤úwË ejv n‡q‡Q †h Kvi‡Y

i. †Ljbv¸‡jv Acyi wb‡Ri e‡j ii. †Ljbv¸‡jv A‡bK `vwg e‡j iii. †Ljbv¸‡jvB Avi KviI fvM †bB e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii k i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

327. m &‡Mv‡civ nwin‡ii cv‡qi ay‡jv wb‡Z Pvq, KviY nwini i. AvZ¥xq nIqvq ii. DuPz Rv‡Zi nIqvq iii. eªvþY nIqvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii k ii I iii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 328 I 329bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wicb I iægv `yB fvB-†evb| Zv‡ì eq‡mi

cv_©K¨ Pvi eQi| G‡K A‡bï Dci wbf©ikxj n‡jI wewfbœ wRwbm G‡K Ab¨‡K Zviv †`Lv‡Z Pvq bv| iægvi †Ljvi mvgMÖx wicb jywK‡q iv‡L| iægvi wewfbœ Av‡`k, Ave`vi wicb gvb‡Z Pvq bv| GB wb‡q I‡ì gv‡K bvbv weo¤bvi g‡a¨ co‡Z nq| [Aby. 3-4]

328. DÏxcKwU ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`K‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q?

K fvB-†ev‡bi m¤úK© L fvB-†ev‡bi we‡iva M fvB-†ev‡bi Ave`vi o gv‡qi-wPšÍv 329. DÏxc‡Ki fvebv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi

†Kvb D×…wZi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? o Zvnvi ¯î GKUz mZK©Zv wgwkÖZ L GKUz †Zj Avi GKUz byb wb‡q Avm‡Z

cvwim? Av‡gi Kzwm Rviv‡ev M yM©vi nv‡Z GKwU bvwi‡K‡ji gvjv N bvi‡K‡ji gvjvUv Avgvq †` DÏxcKwU c‡o 330 †_‡K 332bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : iw·‡ì d‡ji evMvb, †mLv‡b jywK‡q hvq

Rš‘i g‡Zv| gvi †L‡q‡Q we¯Íi; Rvg †L‡q‡Q AviI A‡bK †ewk| evwoi †jv‡K e‡j, Ôj¾v K‡i bv euvì!Õ [†Q‡jUv iex› ªbv_ VvKzi]

330. DÏxc‡Ki †Q‡jUv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i?

K Acy o `yM©v M nwini N cUwj 331. DÏxc‡Ki †Q‡jUv I ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi

`yM©v‡K evwoi †jv‡K Kx K‡i‡Q? K yózwg †g‡b wb‡q‡Q o kvmb K‡i‡Q M AviI `yózwg Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q N Av`vj‡Z bvwjk K‡i‡Q 332. DÏxcK I ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ Mí cvV Ki‡j g‡b nq

i. ˆkke¯§„wZ ii. ˆK‡kv‡ii PÂjZv iii. e„× eq‡mi ¯§„wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i I ii L ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii


M`¨ 06 gvbyl gyn¤§` (m.) †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx

cvVëB we‡kølY


333. †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx KZ e½v‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1301 o 1303 M 1305 N 1307334. †KvbwU †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx iwPZ MÖš’ bq? K giæfv¯‹i L ¯§vY©vbw›`bx o cv‡Äwi N ˆmq` Avng`

335. †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib K wkÿKZv‡K L eëmvq‡K M †Kv‡U©i PvKwi‡K o mvsevw`KZv‡K336. mnR-mij cÖKvkfw½ Kvi iPbvi Ab¨Zg

êwkó¨? A_ev, †Kvb †jL‡Ki M`¨‰kjx FRy cÖK…wZi?

K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M Avey BmnvK o †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx

337. †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx g„ZzëiY K‡ib K 6 b‡f¤î o 8 b‡f¤î M 10 b‡f¤î N 12 b‡f¤i


338. Ònhi‡Zi g„Zzï K_v cÖPvwiZ nB‡j gw`bvq †hb

Auvavi NbvBqv AvwmjÓ GLv‡b ÒAuvavi NbvBqv AvwmjÓ †Kvb A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

K w`b †kl n‡q G‡jv L iv‡Zi AvMgb NUj o †kvKwenŸj n‡q cojN Avb‡›` D‡Øj n‡jv 339. eû‡jvK †Kb Rgv‡qZ n‡jv? K hy‡× hvIqvi cÖ¯ÍywZ wb‡Z o imyjyjøvni cxovi Lei ï‡b M imyjyjøvni wbgš¿Y †c‡q N imyjyjøvni e³…Zv ïb‡Z 340. imyjyjøvni cxovi Lei ï‡b eû‡jvK Rgv‡qZ

nIqvi KviY Kx? o imyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi cÖwZ AKzÉ fv‡jvevmv L hy‡× hvIqvi cÖ¯‘wZ M gymjgvb nIqvi wbwg‡Ë N imyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi wbgš¿Y †c‡q 341. †K Dj½ Zievwi nv‡Z jvwd‡q DVj? o exievû Igi (iv) L nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) M nhiZ AveyeKi (iv) N nhiZ Imgvb (iv) 342. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi g„Zy¨ msev` nhiZ

Igi (iv) Kxfv‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb? K avivevwnKfv‡e o D‡ËwRZfv‡e M Kvbœvq †f‡O c‡o N ¯^vfvweKfv‡e 343. †K †kl ch©šÍ nhi‡Zi g„Zy¨kh¨vi cv‡k wQ‡jb? K nhiZ dvwZgv (iv) L nhiZ Avjx (iv) o nhiZ AveyeKi (iv) N nhiZ Dgi (iv) 344. nhiZ AveyeKi (iv)-Gi Dw³ †KvbwU? K gyn¤§` GKRb imyj ê Avi wKQz bb L †h ewj‡e nhiZ gwiqv‡Qb, Zvnvi gv_v hvB‡e o hvnviv nhi‡Zi c~Rv KwiZ, Zvnviv RvbyK

wZwb gviv wMqv‡Qb N eo my›ì, eo g‡bvni †mB Aciƒc iƒ‡ci AwaKvix 345. †jLK Avjøvni my¯úó evYx‡K dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb

†Kvb Dw³i gva¨‡g? K gyn¤§` (m.) gvbeRvwZi E‡aŸ© o gyn¤§` (m.) GKRb ivmyj ê Avi wKQy bb M gyn¤§` (m.) AwZgvbe N gyn¤§` (m.) gnvgvbe

346. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi evYx †KvbwU? K Avwg †Zvgv‡ì g‡Zv mvaviY bB L Avwg giYkxj bB M Avwg GKRb AwZgvbe o Avwg †Zvgv‡ìB g‡Zv GKRb gvbylgvÎ 347. ÁwZwb imyj wKš‘ wZwb gvbyl, Avgv‡ìB gZ

`ytL-†e`bv, Rxeb-g„Zzï Aaxb i³-gvs‡m MwVZ gvbylÓ G K_v †K, Kv‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb?

K AveyeKi (iv) Igi (iv) †K L Igi (iv) AveyeKi (iv) †K M Igi (iv) g~wQ©Z gymwjg‡K o AveyeKi (iv) g~wQ©Z gymwjg‡K 348. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) gvby‡li gb AvKl©Y

K‡iwQ‡jb wK‡mi Øviv? K †mŠ›`‡h©i Øviv o gvbexq ¸Yvewj Øviv M evwM¥Zvi Øviv N AvwZ‡_qZvi Øviv 349. Ôg°vi †kÖô es‡k wZwb Rwš§qvwQ‡jbÕ †K? o nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) L nhiZ AveyeKi (iv) M nhiZ Igi (iv) N nhiZ Imgvb (iv) 350. ÔAvj-AvwgbÕ K_vwUi A_© Kx? K cÖwZwbwa L mZëv`x M †kl cqM¤î o wek¦vmx 351. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi iƒc, ¸Y I mZZv Kv‡K

AvKl©Y K‡iwQj? K wewe Av‡qkv‡K o wewe Lvw`Rv‡K M wewe D‡¤§ nvbx‡K N nhiZ Igi‡K 352. wewe Lvw`Rvi Ab¨Zg cwiPq K wZwb g°v‡Z Rš§ †bb o wZwb cÖ_g gymjgvb bvix M wZwb A‡bK a‡bi gvwjK wQ‡jb N wZwb †`L‡Z mykÖx wQ‡jb 353. QvMx`y» w`‡q †K nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Z…òv

`~i K‡ib? K Lvw`Rv L Av‡qkv o D‡¤§ gvÕe` N Avey gvÕe` 354. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK nhiZ gyn¤§`

(m.)-Gi iƒcjveY¨ dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g? o my`xN© KzwÂZ †Kkcvk L †eu‡U cÖK…wZi M Lye j¤^v N Lye ¯^v¯’ëvb

355. ÔwZwb `xN© bb, Le© bb, K…k bbÕ G wZwb †K? K nhiZ nvmvb (iv) L nhiZ †nv‡mb (iv) o nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) N nhiZ Igi (iv) 356. Òeo my›ì, eo g‡bvni †mB Aciƒc iƒ‡ci

AwaKvixÓ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi jve‡Yï eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q †K GK_v e‡jwQ‡jb?

K nhiZ Lvw`Rv o D‡¤§ gvÕe` M nhiZ Av‡qkv N Avey gvÕe` 357. Ám‡Zï wbweo mvabvq Zuvnvi PwiÎ gaygq nBqv

DwVqvwQjÓ GLv‡b ÔgaygqÕ A‡_© †KvbwU mg_©b‡hvM¨? K gayi g‡Zv wgwó o AvKl©Yxq I Abb¨ M AZ¨šÍ mvaviY N eRªKwVb 358. AvNv‡Z RR©wiZ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Kv‡ì

Rb¨ ÿgv cÖv_©bv K‡iwQ‡jb? o †cŠËwjK‡ì Rb¨ L gybvwdK‡ì Rb¨ M Bûw`‡ì Rb¨ N bvmviv‡ì Rb¨

359. mZ¨ cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Kv‡ì Kv‡Q DcnwmZ n‡qwQ‡jb? [Aby. 1]

K Bûw`‡ì L Lqeievmx‡ì o †cŠËwjK‡ì N û`vqweqvevmx‡ì 360. Pig Acgvb, Dcnvm, Ae‡nwjZ n‡qI

nhi‡Zi gyL w`‡q Kx D”PvwiZ nqwb? o †µva, N„Yv L Awfkvc M cÖv_©bv N mZ¨ cÖPvi 361. ÔG‡ì Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡ì ÿgv KiÕ G

Dw³‡Z nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi †Kvb ¸YwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? [Aby. 2]

K mnbkxjZv L D`viZv o gnvbyfeZv N wePÿYZv 362. ÔBmjv‡gi evnK I m‡Zï cÖPviKÕ dz‡U D‡V‡Q

wb‡Pi †Kvb bvgwUi gva¨‡g? o nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) L nhiZ AveyeKi (iv) M wewe Lvw`Rv N nhiZ Igi (iv)

363. e³…Zvi gvSLv‡b GKwU cÖkœ K‡i †K gnvbwe (m.)-†K _vwg‡qwQj?

K R‰bK †e yBb L R‰bK c_Pvix o R‰bK AÜ N R‰bK giæPvix 364. Ò†`‡ki ivRv, gvby‡li ivRv nBqv †¯^”Qvq

`vwi‡`ªï KÈK gyKzU gv_vq cwi‡jb|Ó †K

KÈK gyKzU cwi‡jb? K nhiZ AveyeKi (iv) L nhiZ Igi (iv)

o nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)

N nhiZ Imgvb (iv)

365. ÒZvB Zuvnvi M„‡n mKj mgq Abœ RywUZ bv,

wbkvi AÜKv‡i cÖ`xc R¡vwjevi g‡Zv ˆZjUzKzI

mgq mgq wgwjZ bv|Ó AskUzKz †Kvb Mí ev

cÖeÜ †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q?

K g‡nk o gvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)

M yRb exi‡kÖô N Ac~e© ÿgv

366. gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi c‡_ nhiZ gyn¤§` Kvi

evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb?

K Avey nvwbdv o Avey gvÕe`

M Avey bvÕ` N Avey kvÕgv`

367. mvaviY ï®‹ gvsm Kvi wbZ¨w`‡bi Avnvh© wQj?

K nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi

L nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi wcZvi

o nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi gvZvi N wewe Av‡qkvi


368. nhi‡Zi g„Zyï ci eû nvw`m D×…Z K‡ib †K? K dv‡Zgv (iv) L nhiZ AveyeKi (iv) o Av‡qkv (iv) N nhiZ Avjx (iv) 369. ÔgymvwdiÕ-Gi mgv_©K kã †KvbwU? K wgmwKb L cÖevmx o ivnx N wfÿzK 370. Ôiæwai avivÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o i‡³i aviv L Sibvaviv M giæSo N b`xi †mªvZ



371. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖeÜwU †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q? o giæfv¯‹i L cÖjq wkLv M gvwUi c„w_ex N ewb Av`g 372. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK g~je³e¨wU

dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? o gnvbwei gvbexq ¸Yvewj L cÖe‡Üi Avw½K MVb M gnvbwei PwiÎ Av‡jvPbv N gnvbwei Bmjvg cÖPvi

373. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZcv`¨ Kx? K Bmjv‡gi wkÿv Av‡jvPbv Kiv L gnvbwei ¸Yvewj Av‡jvPbv M gnvbwei A‡jŠwKK êwk‡óï Av‡jvPbv o gvbyl wn‡m‡e gnvbwei êwkó¨ Av‡jvPbv


374. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi AšÍi †f` K‡i †h cÖv_©bvi evYx †R‡M‡Q i. G‡ì Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡ì ÿgv Ki ii. G‡ì Ávb wÌ bv cÖfz, G‡ì aŸsm Ki iii. G‡ì kvw¯Í `vI cÖfz, Giv RNb¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 375. ÔRš§`ytLx nBqv wZwb msmv‡i AvwmqvwQ‡jb|Õ nhiZ

gyn¤§` (m.) m¤ú‡K© G Dw³i mg_©‡b ejv hvq i. wZwb gvZv‡K nvwi‡qwQ‡jb ii. wZwb wcZv‡K nvwi‡qwQ‡jb iii. wZwb PvPv‡K nvwi‡qwQ‡jb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 376. nhiZ gyn¤§` g°v †_‡K gw`bvq P‡j †M‡jb

†h Kvi‡Y i. wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv †e‡o wM‡qwQj e‡j ii. †KvivBkiv mn‡R mZ¨‡K MÖnY Ki‡Q bv e‡j iii. †KvivBk‡ì nv‡Z cÖvY nviv‡bvi f‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N i, ii I iii 377. gnvbwei gvbe‡cÖg cÖKvk cvq

i. Zv‡q‡d AZ¨vPvixi weiæ‡× Awfm¤úvZ bv Kiv ii. †cŠËwjK‡ì ÿgv K‡i †Ìqvi Rb¨ iii. û`vqweqvi mwÜ †g‡b †bIqvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii k i I ii N i, ii I iii

M`¨ 07 wbgMvQ ebdzj

cvVëB we‡kølY


378. ebdz‡ji Rš§ ZvwiL n‡jv K 19 Ryb o 19 RyjvB M 19 AvM÷ N 19 †m‡Þ¤î 379. wK‡mi gva¨‡g ebdz‡ji mvwnZ¨ A½‡b cÖ‡ek? K iweev‡ii wPwV L K‡jøvj o kwbev‡ii wPwV N msev` 380. KZ mv‡j ebdz‡ji mvwnZ¨ A½‡b cÖ‡ek N‡U? K 1916 o 1918 M 1920 N 1927 381. ebdzj Kx ai‡bi †jLbxi gva¨‡g mvwnZ¨

A½‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib? K bvUK L Dcb¨vm M †QvUMí o e¨½ KweZv I c¨viwW 382. ebdz‡ji Mí I Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ Kx wQj? o ev¯ÍeRxeb I Ávb-weÁv‡bi wewPÎ Dcv`vb L KvíwbK Dcv`vb M civev¯Íeev` N cÖvwYwelqK 383. ebdzj Kx Dcvwa jvf K‡ib? K bvBU o cÙf‚lY M wjUj gv÷vi N fviZMe© 384. ebdzj †Kv_vq g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K cvwK¯Ív‡b L XvKvq M jÛ‡b o KjKvZvq


385. wbgMv‡Qi Qvj wb‡q †jvKRb Kx Kv‡R jvMvq? [Aby. 1] o wm× K‡i Lvq L wfwR‡q Lvq M ïwK‡q Lvq N ivbœv K‡i Lvq 386. wbgMv‡Qi cvZv wQu‡o †KD †KD Kx Ki‡Q? K wm× Ki‡Q L evZvm w`‡”Q o wk‡j wcl‡Q N Ilya evbv‡”Q 387. ÔwbgMv‡Qi cvZv wk‡j wcl‡QÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? o M„wnYxi Ici M„n¯^vgxi †¯^”QvPvwiZv L PzjKvwb‡Z jvMv‡e M cvZv k³ e‡j N ivbœvi †KŠkj 388. wbgMv‡Qi KwP cvZv¸‡jv A‡b‡KB Kxfv‡e Lvq? o KuvPv L †iŠ‡`ª ïwK‡q M wPwb w`‡q wgwk‡q N MvQ †_‡K g‡i S‡i co‡j 389. wb‡gi Wvj †f‡O A‡b‡K wPevq †Kb? K †PvL fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ o ùvZ fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ M Pvgov fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ N KÉ fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ 390. evwoi cv‡k MRv‡j weÁiv Lywk nq †Kb? [Aby. 2] K GUv †`L‡Z my›ì L GUv DcKvix o GUv cwi‡ek-evÜe N GUv AvKv‡i †QvU

391. wbgMv‡Qi evnvwi dzj¸‡jv wQj o †_vKv †_vKv L Qvov Qvov M A¼zwiZ N Mv‡Qi wb‡P cvwUi g‡Zv 392. Ôkvb w`‡q euvav‡bvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? o BU-wm‡g‡›U euvav‡bv L euv‡ki †eov w`‡q euvav‡bv M cv_i w`‡q euvav‡bv N UvBjm w`‡q euvav‡bv 393. evwoi cv‡k wbgMvQ MRv‡j weÁiv Lywk nb †Kb? o wbgMv‡Qi ¸Yv¸Y Rv‡bb e‡j L wbgMvQ evwoUv‡K cvnvov w`‡e M cvZv, Wvj ev Qv‡ji Rb¨ A‡bï evwo‡Z

†LuvR Ki‡Z nq bv N cwi‡e‡ki †mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i 394. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í DwjøwLZ bZzb †jvK G‡m Kx Kij? K cvZv wQuoj L Qvj Zzjj M Wvj fvOj o gy»`„wó‡Z †P‡q iBj 395. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í DwjøwLZ bZzb †jvK wbgMv‡Qi

w`‡K ZvwK‡q Kx ejj? o cvZv¸‡jv my›ì L cvZv wZZv M cvZv Lye Dcv‡`q N cvZv¸‡jv Avgvi 396. GKSuvK bÿÎ †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj AvKvk †_‡K

meyR mvq‡i| evK¨wU‡Z †Kvb AjsKvi eën„Z n‡q‡Q? K iƒcK L Dcgv M hgK o Dr‡cÖÿv 397. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í DwjøwLZ LvwbKÿY †P‡q †_‡K

bZzb †jvKwU Kx Kij? K Wvj wQuoj L MvQwU Kvi †LuvRLei wb‡Z jvMj M cvZv wQu‡o e¨v‡M ivLj o P‡j †Mj 398. †jvKwU‡K †`‡L wbgMvQUvi Kx B”Qv Kij? K cv †f‡O w`‡Z L K_v ej‡Z M wPgwU KvU‡Z o m‡½ †h‡Z 399. wbgMvQUv †jvKUvi mv‡_ †h‡Z cvij bv †Kb? K evwoi gvwj‡Ki AbygwZ †bB e‡j o wkKo A‡bK`~i ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z e‡j M nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j N †jvKUv wb‡Z Pvq bv e‡j 400. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í †Kvb mewRi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q? K cUj o †e¸b M U‡g‡Uv N jvD


401. Qvj A_© Kx? o evKj L AveiY M Z¡K N ïK‡bv cvZv 402. KweivR ej‡Z †evSvq? K Kwe‡ì ivRv L gvby‡li bvg o whwb MvQ MvQvwj cwi‡kvab K‡i †iv‡Mi

wPwKrmv K‡ib N KweMv‡bi I¯Ív`


403. ÔA „k¨‡jvKÕ-Gi cÖKvk mvj KZ? K 1943 L 1944 M 1945 o 1947 404. wbgMvQ MíwUi g~jfve Kx‡mi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K e¨‡½i o cÖZx‡Ki M eY©bvi N fvlvi


405. bZzb †jvKwU‡K gy» K‡i‡Q wbgMv‡Qi i. Wvj ii. cvZv

iii. dzj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 406. bZzb †jvK gy» „wó‡Z †P‡q †_‡K P‡j †Mj †h

Kvi‡Y i. †mŠ›`h©wcÖq e‡j ii. Kwe wQ‡jb e‡j

iii. KvR Av‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N iii 407. ÔI‡ì evwoi M„nKg©-wbcyYv jÿ¥x eDwUi wVK GK

`kv|Õ GLv‡b †h `kvi K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q i. Ae‡nwjZ ii. ewÂZ

iii. wbM„nxZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 408 I 409bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Mdz‡ii wcÖq luvo g‡nk| cÖvq AvU eQi

cÖwZcvjb K‡i †m GLb ey‡ov n‡q‡Q| Mdzi mva¨gZ Zvi hZœ †bq| cwiev‡ii †KD Zv‡K Pvq bv| wKš‘ Mdzi mšÍvb‡mœ‡n Zv‡K jvjb K‡i| wb‡Ri Lvevi bv †L‡q N‡ii Pvj †c‡o g‡nk‡K †L‡Z †`q| [Aby. 3-4]

408. DÏxc‡Ki g‡nk-Gi mv‡_ †h w`K w`‡q ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j²x eD‡qi mv`„k¨ Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv

i. Ae`v‡b ii. cÖ‡qvRbxqZvq iii. c‡ivcKv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 409. mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI wbgMvQUv †Kvb wePv‡i e¨wZµg? o D‡cwÿZ L DcKvix M AvZ¥Z¨vMx N wbinsKvix DÏxcKwU c‡o 410 I 411bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avgv‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿv Kivi R‡b¨ ebvqb e„w× Kiv

DwPZ| e„ÿ Avgv‡ì bvbvwea cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kv‡R eën„Z n‡q _v‡K| e„ÿ Avgv‡ì dzj, dj, Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨, e¯¿ ˆZwii myZv BZ¨vw` w`‡q _v‡K| GgbwK e„ÿ †`‡ki cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i|

410. DÏxcK I ÔwbgMvQÕ iPbvq Kx cÖKvwkZ? o e„‡ÿi RqMvb L e„‡ÿi wb›`v M e„ÿwba‡bi AcKvwiZv N cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©

411. DÏxcK I ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í Avgiv hv †`L‡Z cvB i. e„‡ÿi ìKvi †bB ii. e„‡ÿi DcKvwiZv iii. cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i o ii M i I iii N ii I iii


M`¨ 08 D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg

cvVëB we‡kølY


412. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1861 L 1885 M 1880 o 1899 413. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KZ mv‡j †mbvevwnbx‡Z

†hvM`vb K‡ib? o 1917 mv‡j L 1914 mv‡j M 1927 mv‡j N 1919 mv‡j 414. KZ eQi eq‡m KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Amy¯’ nb? K AvUwÎk eQi eq‡m o Pwjøk eQi eq‡m M cuqZvwjøk eQi eq‡m N wQqvËi eQi eq‡m

415. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K XvKvq Avbv nq o evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi ci L evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi Av‡M M hy× PjvKv‡j N fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq 416. Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi Dcvwa n‡”Q K †cÖ‡gi Kwe L cÖK…wZi Kwe M cwjøKwe o we‡`ªvnx Kwe 417. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? o AwMœexYv L we‡li euvwk M QvqvbU N PµevK 418. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KZ mv‡j gviv hvb? o 1976 L 1978 M 1970 N 1972


419. ÔAvgv‡ì †mB kw³‡K fzwj‡j Pwj‡e bv|Õ GLv‡b †Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi kw³i cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q?

o †QvU‡jvK m¤úÖ`v‡qi L Rwg`vi m¤úÖ`v‡qi M wn› y m¤úÖ`v‡qi N gymwjg m¤úÖ`v‡qi 420. AvR Avgv‡ì gnvRvMi‡Yi w`‡b D‡cwÿZ e¨w³‡ì

Dci KZ Avbv kw³ wbf©i Ki‡Q? [Aby. 1] K Qq Avbv L AvU Avbv o `k Avbv N ev‡iv Avbv 421. †jL‡Ki g‡Z Avgiv D‡cÿv K‡i AvmwQ o `k Avbv kw³i aviK‡ì L †Zvlv‡gv`Kvix‡ì M wb‡¯ÍR‡ì N cÖexY g„ZcÖvq‡ì 422. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü ÔnZfvMvÕ ejv

n‡q‡Q Kv‡ì‡K? o kÖwgK‡ì L ewYK‡ì M AwfRvZ‡ì N AZ¨vPvix‡ì 423. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg cÖe‡Ü nZfvMv e‡j‡Qb Kv‡ì? K wkÿK‡ì o Z_vKw_Z Ô†QvU‡jvKÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ‡ì M AvwfRv‡Z¨ Mwe©Z‡ì N †`‡ki Kwe‡ì 424. ÔMwie‡ìÕ †QvU‡jvK e‡j bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb o AvwfRvZ¨-Mwe©Z m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Kiv L G‡`‡ki Kweiv M wb¤œ‡kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv N †`‡ki mgvRcwZiv 425. mij AšÍi nIqv m‡Ë¡I Z_vKw_Z †QvU‡jvKiv

KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv o f`ª m¤úÖ`v‡qi AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvi‡Y

L f ª m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ wnsmv Av‡Q e‡j M f ª‡ì mv‡_ wgk‡Z Pvq bv e‡j N wb‡Riv f ª n‡Z Pvq bv e‡j

426. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi g‡Z, f`ª‡ì kw³ bvB o Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †b‡g KvR Kivi L AvZ¥wbf©ikxj nIqvi M hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wkÿvi N f ª m¤úÖ`v‡qi AZ¨vPv‡ii 427. D‡cwÿZiv f`ª mgv‡Ri †Póvq Am¤úbœ KvR

m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡e o 1 w`‡b L 10 w`‡b M 100 w`‡b N 1000 w`‡b 428. fvi‡Zi Amva¨ mvab ivRbxwZi wkíx K fviZP›`ª o gnvZ¥v MvÜx M fvi‡Zi †mbvevwnbx N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 429. gnvZ¥v MvÜxi mv‡_ fviZevmxi m¤úK© wQj o cÖvY Ly‡j wgkevi L †Nvovi Mvwo‡Z Po‡Z †Ìqvi M gv_vq ivRgyKzU civi N K‡ji ˆZwi Kvco civi 430. `wi ªiv †L‡Z bv †c‡j †K Zv‡ì mv‡_ Dcevm Ki‡Zb K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi o gnvZ¥v MvÜx N ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq 431. fviZevmx‡K †mœnv`ª© ey‡K Kv‡Q †U‡b‡Qb K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq M †Mv‡_‡j o gnvZ¥v MvÜx 432. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü D‡cwÿZ

nZfvMviv Kvi w`‡K `‡j `‡j Qy‡U †M‡Q? K b`xi w`‡K L miKvwi evmfe‡bi w`‡K M ag©vj‡qi w`‡K o gnvZ¥v MvÜxi w`‡K 433. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Kv‡ì nvZ ai‡Z AvnŸvb

K‡i‡Qb? K †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix‡ì o D‡cwÿZ fvB‡ì M cÖZviK‡ì N mk¯¿ e¨w³‡ì 434. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ Ô†QvU‡jvKivÕ

Rš§ †_‡KB AwfRvZ †kÖwYi KvQ †_‡K K AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi nq L wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq o D‡cÿvi wkKvi nq N mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q _v‡K 435. D‡cwÿZ kw³i nvZ a‡i KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg

Kx Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? K c„w_ex‡K †f‡O w`‡Z L c„w_ex‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z M c„w_exi gvbyl‡ì kvwšÍ w`‡Z o †evab-euvwk‡Z myi w`‡Z 436. D‡cwÿZ fvB‡ì nvZ a‡i †evab-euvwk‡Z myi

w`‡j Kx n‡e? K wek¦ †Zvgv‡K VvÆv Ki‡e L wek¦ †Zvgv‡K evnev w`‡e o wek¦ †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Ki‡e N wek¦ †Zvgv‡K wb‡q ¯^cœ †`L‡e


437. Ôˆ`b¨Õ kã Øviv †evSvq K wèm L w`b o `xbZv N nxbZv 438. ÔgmxgqÕ Gi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q o Kj‡gi Kvwji L †gŠgvwQi †Pv‡Li M †gŠgvwQi i‡Oi N gnr g‡bi


439. ÔD‡cwÿZ‡eva RvwM‡q †Zvjvi euvwkÕ‡K GKK_vq Kx ejv nq?

K cÖjq euvwk L my‡ijv euvwk o †evab-euvwk N giY euvwk

440. †`‡k hyMvšÍi mva‡bi Rb¨ ìKvi o D‡cwÿZ kw³i RvMiY L kÖ‡gi cwigvY e„w× M AwfRvZ †kÖwYi Kg©ZrciZv e„w× N †ewk †ewk KviLvbv wbg©vY 441. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü KvRx bRiæj

Bmjv‡gi fvebvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ enb K‡i †KvbwU? K A_©bxwZ L ag©bxwZ M mykvmb o gvbeZv


442. f`ª m¤úÖ`v‡qi mv‡_ msMwZ i‡q‡Q i. A_©we‡Ëi ii. AvwfRv‡Zï iii. Ab¨vq AwePv‡ii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 443. ÁH Z_vKw_Z Ô†QvU‡jvKÕ-Gi AšÍi Kv‡Pi

b¨vq ¯^”Q|Ó GLv‡b †QvU‡jv‡Ki m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ i. †gnbwZ gvbyl ii. kÖwgK m¤úÖ`vq iii. mvaviY PvKwiRxex wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L iii o i I ii N i, ii I iii 444. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi g‡Z mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvbyl n‡”Q

i. Z_vKw_Z †QvU‡jvK ii. D‡cwÿZ nZfvMviv iii. f`ª m¤úÖ`vq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



DÏxcKwU c‡o wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôf…Z¨ Pwoj D‡Ui c„‡ô Dgi awij iwk, gvby‡l ¯^‡M© Zzwjqv awiqv ayjvq bvwgj kkx|Õ [Aby. 3] 445. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜ‡Ki †Kvb

gvbwmKZvi cwiPq DÏxc‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi L mZëvw`Zvi M åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai o mvgëvw`Zvi DÏxcKwU c‡o 446 †_‡K 448bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

†mw`b †`wLby †i‡j Kzwj e‡j GK evey mve Zv‡i †V‡j w`‡j wb‡P †d‡j| 446. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKzwjÕ I ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ

cÖe‡Üi Kv‡ì m‡½ mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q? o †gnbwZ gvbyl‡ì L AwfRvZ gvbyl‡ì M †kvlYKvix‡ì N Puvovj‡ì

447. GB mv`„k¨ g~jZ i. AnsKv‡i ii. wbh©vZ‡b iii. †kvl‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 448. DÏxcK I ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi

Av‡jv‡K evey mv‡ei AvPiY‡K ejv hvq i. gvbweK ii. AgvbweK iii. Zvw”Q‡jï wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii


M`¨ 09 wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡ †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix

cvVëB we‡kølY


449. †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? o 1903 wLª. L 1913 wLª. M 1902 wLª. N 1893 wLª. 450. ÔwkLvÕ cwÎKv cÖKvk n‡Zv o XvKv †_‡K L KjKvZv †_‡K M Kzwgjøv †_‡K N b`xqv †_‡K 451. †Kvb †jL‡Ki †jLvq gbbkxjZv I wPšÍvi

¯v”Q›`¨ cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb o †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix M cÖg_ †PŠayix N kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 452. †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayixi Abyev` MÖš’ †KvbwU? o mf¨Zv I myL L ms¯‹…wZ K_v M wkÿvi jÿ¨ N wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡ [we.`ª. Ômf¨ZvÕ I ÔmyLÕ Avjv`v `ywU Abyev` MÖš’] 453. †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 1954 o 1956 M 1958 N 1960


454. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK gvby‡li Rxeb‡K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? o GKwU †`vZjv Ni L GKwU j¤^v moK M GKwU R¡jšÍ cÖ`xc N GKwU e„ÿ

455. Ômygb‡ì evwowU † vZjvÕ GLv‡b † vZjvi mv‡_ mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q

o gvbemËvi L RxemËvi M cÖvYmËvi N †mevcivqYZvi 456. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü gvbemËv‡K †jLK

N‡ii †Kvb Zjv e‡j‡Qb? o Dc‡ii Zjv L wb‡Pi Zjv M gv‡Si Zjv N Dfq Zjv 457. RxemËvi Ni †_‡K gvbemËvi N‡i DVevi Dcvq Kx? A_ev, †KvbwU Avgv‡ì gvbemËvi N‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i?

o wkÿv L A_© M gbyl¨Z¡ N eyw×

458. wkÿv`xÿv gvbyl‡K †Kvb w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i? o gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡ai w`‡K L ARvbvi w`‡K M web‡qi w`‡K N g›`‡jv‡Ki w`‡K 459. gvbyl‡K gbyl¨Z¡‡jv‡Ki m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q

†Ìqv Kvi KvR? K eëmvq L PvKwii o wkÿvi N wkÿv Kg©KZ©vi

460. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK wkÿvi w`K dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb wb‡Pi †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? K me©w`K o cÖ‡qvR‡bi I AcÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K M AwfÁZvi w`K N Dcjwäi w`K

461. wkÿvi †kÖô w`K wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mg_©b‡hvM¨? K cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K o AcÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K M me©w`K N nvjKv w`K 462. wkÿv Avgv‡ì Kx †kLvq? K Rxeb‡K wbt‡kl Ki‡Z o Rxeb‡K Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z M K‡Vvi n‡Z N wb‡Ri ¯^v_© iÿv Ki‡Z 463. gvbeRxe‡b wkÿv †mvbv djv‡Z cv‡i bv, hw` bv o gvbyl A_©wPšÍv †_‡K gyw³ cvq L gvbyl mywkwÿZ nq M gvbyl ¯^vaxb nq N gvbyl BwZnvm m‡PZb nq 464. evB‡ii Av‡jv-nvIqvi ¯^v` cvIqv gvbyl Abœ-

e¯¿ †c‡jI KvivMvi‡K Kx g‡b K‡i? K ¯^M©‡jvK L AvkÖgvMvi o KvivMvi N wekÖvgvMvi

465. gvby‡li gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPq †KvbwU? K Rxe‡b cÖwZôv AR©b L ÿgZvi kx‡l© Av‡ivnY o gyw³i †eva N wkÿv m¤ú~Y© Kiv 466. gvby‡li Abœ-e‡ ¿i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z

n‡e †Kvb w`‡K jÿ †i‡L? [Aby. 1] K A_©‰bwZK gyw³i o AvwZ¥K gyw³i M wPšÍvi ¯^vaxbZv N eyw×i ¯^vaxbZv 467. gyw³i Rb¨ KÕwU Dcvq Aej¤b Ki‡Z nq? o `ywU Dcvq L wZbwU Dcvq M PviwU Dcvq N cuvPwU Dcvq 468. ÿzrwccvmv‡K gvbweK ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z K‡i K A_©weË L gbyl¨Z¡ o wkÿv N L¨vwZ 469. Ô†`vZjv evwoi wbP Zjv‡Z emevm K‡i

iwng|Õ GLv‡b iwn‡gi emev‡mi ¯’vbwUi m‡½ Zzjbxq

o RxemËvi L gvbemËvi M cigvZ¥vi N BnRM‡Zi 470. RxemËvi †ÿ‡Î hv cÖ‡hvR¨ K wkÿv L Ávb M gyw³ o Abœe¯¿ 471. †jv‡fi d‡j †h gvby‡li AvwZ¥K g„Zz¨ N‡U, Abyf‚wZi

RM‡Z Zvi m¤ú‡K© †Kvb hyw³wU MÖnY Kiv hvq? o †m dZzi L †m AwkwÿZ M †m PZzi N †m wkwÿZ 472. Kx Øviv g~j¨‡eva m„wó Kiv hvq? o wkÿv L weÁvb M BwZnvm N agx©q Ávb 473. †hLv‡b g~j¨‡ev‡ai g~j¨ cvIqv nq bv; †mLv‡b

Kx †bB? K wePvi †bB o wkÿv †bB M ms¯‹…wZ †bB N mf¨Zv †bB 474. g~j¨‡ev‡ai g~j¨nxb Ae¯’v †jLK dzwU‡q

Zz‡j‡Qb wb‡Pi †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? o †mLv‡b wkÿv †bB L †mLv‡b †ivRMvi †bB M †mLv‡b m¤ú` †bB N †mLv‡b g„Zy¨‡eva †bB 475. ÔA_©we‡Ëi †P‡qI eo n‡jv gyw³Õ †Zvgvi cwVZ

†Kvb iPbvi fv‡ei mv‡_ Dw³wUi msMwZ i‡q‡Q? o wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡ L D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab M wbixn evOvwj N gvbyl gyn¤§` (m.) 476. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi g~j welq n‡jv o wkÿvi gva¨‡g gbyl¨Z¡ weKvk m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv L wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv M wkwÿ‡Zi gvÎv evov‡bv m¤ú‡K© hyw³wbf©i Av‡jvPbv N me©¯Í‡ii gvbyl‡K †evam¤úbœ Kivi civgk©


477. ÔwbMoÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K wZwgi L wbg©vY M bxP o wkKj

478. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK ÿzav I Z…òvi K_v dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g? o ÿzrwccvmv L wbMo M †jdvdv`yiw¯Í N AvwZ¥K yM©wZ

479. gvbemËv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K gvby‡li gb L gvby‡li AvZ¥v M gvby‡li eyw× o gbyl¨Z¡


480. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜwU †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q?

K mf¨Zv L KvjvšÍi o ms¯‹…wZ K_v N mf¨Zvi msKU 481. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi bvgKiY †Kvb

hyw³‡Z Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ Gi cwie‡Z© Ôgbyl¨Z¡Õ ivLv hvq?

K Dc‡`k o g~je³e¨ M ¯^vaxbZv N Áv‡bi weKvk

482. wkÿvi Avmj KvR Kx? K Ávb cwi‡ekb o g~j¨‡eva m„wó M ms¯‹…wZ PP©v N we`¨vbyivM m„wó


483. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK g~je³e¨wU dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †hfv‡e i. RxemËvi we‡kølY ii. cÖe‡Üi Avw½K MVb iii. gvbemËvi we‡kølY

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii o i I iii N ii I iii 484. gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb

i. Abœe‡¯¿i wPšÍvnxbZv ii. gy³g‡bi m½x iii. gbyl¨Z¡‡eva wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 485. KvivMvi‡K ZvivB ¯^M©Zzj¨ g‡b K‡i, hviv

i. gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a RvMÖZ ii. A_©wPšÍvi wbM‡o ew›` iii. gyw³i ¯^v`nxb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 486. gbyl¨‡Z¡i AvnŸvb gvby‡li g‡b wM‡q †cuŠQ‡e bv, hw`

i. cÖvwY‡Z¡i euvab †_‡K gyw³ bv cvq ii. Abœe‡¯¿i wPšÍvq †ewo fvO‡Z bv cv‡i iii. mr m‡½i mv‡_ m¤úK© bv NUvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



DÏxcKwU c‡o 487 I 488bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wewkó eëmvqx ïKzi wgqv Zuvi ¯‹zj-co–qv

†Q‡j‡K eëmv‡qi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib| wZwb g‡b K‡ib UvKvB Rxe‡bi g~j| `ywbqv‡Z hvi hZ UvKv †m ZZ †ewk myLx| [Aby. 3-4]

487. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡Ki ïKzi wgqvi gv‡S cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q i. ÿzrwccvmv ii. AvZ¥vi Ag„Z iii. A_©wjáv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L ii I iii o i I iii N i, ii I iii 488. ïKzi wgqvi gvbwmKZv cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i hw` wZwb o A_©wjáv‡K Rxeb-mvabv g‡b bv K‡ib L wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`b M A_©wPšÍvi wbM‡o me©`v ew›` _v‡Kb N Abœe‡ ¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡q gyw³‡K eo K‡i bv †`‡Lb DÏxcKwU c‡o 489 I 490bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : dinv` †jLvcov †kl K‡i‡Q| A‡bï DcKvi

Ki‡Z Zvi fv‡jv jv‡M| wKš‘ mvg_©¨ †bB| ZvB †m GKwU PvKwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i| KviY †m Rv‡b A‡bï DcKvi Ki‡Z PvB‡j Av‡M wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z n‡e|

489. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡eï mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb iPbvi e³‡eï mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q?

K eB cov L D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab o wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡ N gvbyl gyn¤§` (m) 490. mv „k¨c~Y© fvewU wb‡Pi †Kvb ev‡K¨ cÖwZdwjZ? K GKgvÎ Dìc~wZ©‡Z gvby‡li m¤ú~Y© gb ‘wó nq bv gyw³i Rb¨ `ywU Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e M Avgiv AKg©Y¨ cyZzj Rxeb enb Kwievi

Rb¨ m„wó nB bvB N m‡Zï wbweo mvabvq Zvnvi PwiÎ gaygq

nBqv DwVqvwQj


M`¨ 10 cÖevm eÜy ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx



491. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§ MÖnY K‡ib? K 1903 k 1904 M 1909 N 1913

492. KwigMÄ †Kv_vq? K XvKvq k Avmv‡g M AvdMvwb¯’v‡b N KjKvZvq

493. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi ˆcZ…K wbevm †Kv_vq? K Avmv‡gi KwigM‡Ä L KjKvZvi †ejvnvwU M evsjv‡`‡ki wkecyi k evsjv‡`‡ki †gŠjfxevRvi 494. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx Kvey‡ji †Kvb K‡j‡R

Aa¨vcbv K‡ib? k K…wl weÁvb K‡j‡R L f‚wg weÁvb K‡j‡R M †ikg weÁvb K‡j‡R N fvlv weÁvb K‡j‡R

495. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖeÜ wjL‡j Zuv‡K Kx Ki‡Z nq?

K †R‡j †h‡Z nq L cvwj‡q †h‡Z nq k PvKwi Qvo‡Z nq N Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z nq

496. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx iwPZ? K gvawejZv L †k‡li KweZv k PvPv Kvwnbx N b~i Bmjvg

497. ÔcÂZš¿Õ Kvi iPbv? k ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M cÖg_ †PŠayix N KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb

498. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx †Kv_vq gviv hvb? K KjKvZvq L Avmv‡g M Avmvb‡mv‡j k XvKvq

499. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib? k 1974 L 1976 M 1999 N 2001


500. †Kvb ¯’vbwU Kveyj †_‡K AvovB gvBj `~‡ii? k LvRv‡gvjøv MÖvg L cvbwki M nidb‡gvjøv N Ii‡fqv 501. wRivi GKRb K †jLK L eëmvqx M gš¿x k Aa¨ÿ

502. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z divwm Rv‡Zi †jvK †K? K Ave yi ingvb k Aa¨ÿ wRivi M †jL‡Ki PvKi N Kvey‡ji gš¿x 503. †K Kvq`v gvwdK Ave`yi ingvb‡K Avjvc Kwi‡q †`b? K gyRZev Avjx L nidzb †gŠjv k wRivi mv‡ne N LvRv‡gvjøv 504. Ave`yi ingvb Kvi M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ? k †jL‡Ki L Aa¨ÿ wRiv‡ii M Avgxi Avjxi N gš¿x mv‡n‡ei 505. †jL‡Ki me KvR †K K‡i †`‡e? K Aa¨ÿ wRivi L gvbbxq gš¿x k Ave yi ingvb N Avgxi Avjx 506. ÔRy‡Zv eyiæk †_‡K LybLvivweÕ ej‡Z Kx

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K RyZv cwjk I Lyb Kiv k †QvU †_‡K eo me KvR M SMov weev` N ivbœv I hZœ Kiv 507. Ônidb-†gŠjvÕ Kv‡K e‡j? k mKj KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †h L ivbœv Ki‡Z cv‡i †h M gvivgvwi Ki‡Z cv‡i †h N me mgq SMov K‡i †h

508. Ave`yi ingvb‡K †jLK bi`vbe e‡j‡Qb †Kb? [Aby 2]

K AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ k kvixwiK MV‡bi Rb¨ M †ewk ivbœvi Rb¨ N †ewk LvIqvi Rb¨ 509. †jLK KqwU bi`vbe †`‡L‡Qb? k yBwU L wZbwU M PvivwU N cuvPwU

510. †jL‡Ki †`Lv ywU bi`vb‡ei GKRb †K? K wRivi k †jL‡Ki M„nf…Z¨ M †jL‡Ki eÜy N †jL‡Ki evwoIqvjv 511. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z bi`vb‡ei m‡½

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q Kvi? K wRiv‡ii k Ave yi ingv‡bi M gyRZev Avjxi N LvRv‡gvjøvi

512. Ave`yi ingvb D”PZvq KZ? K Pvi dzU Pvi BwÂ L cuvP dzU Pvi BwÂ k Qq dzU Pvi BwÂ N mvZ dzU 513. `yB Kuvw` gZ©gvb Kjvi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q wK‡mi? K Ave yi ingv‡bi nv‡Zi k Ave yi ingv‡bi nv‡Zi AvOz‡ji M Ave yi ingv‡bi Kv‡bi N Ave yi ingv‡bi cv‡qi AvOzj

514. Ave`yi ingv‡bi cv‡qi mvBR wK‡mi g‡Zv? K Mvwoi g‡Zv k wWwO †bŠKvi g‡Zv M wiwjd g¨v‡ci g‡Zv N cvš‘qvi g‡Zv 515. Ave`yi ingvb Avwgi Ave`yi ingvb n‡j †Kvb

†`‡ki fvi enb Ki‡Zb? K Avi‡ei L evsjv‡`‡ki k AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi N jÛ‡bi

516. Ave`yi ingv‡bi is †Kgb? K Kv‡jv k dimv M ev`vwg N mvaviY

517. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z †Kvb †Kvb FZzi K_v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K MÖx®§-el©v L el©v-†ngšÍ k kxZ-MÖx®§ N kxZ-emšÍ 518. AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi wiwjd g¨v‡ci †Pnvivi m‡½

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q Kvi †Pnvivi? K Aa¨ÿ wRivi L Avgxi ingv‡bi M gyRZev Avjxi k Ave yi ingv‡bi

519. cÖ_g w`b †_‡K Ave`yi ingvb Kx K‡iwQj? K SMov K‡iwQj k wb‡Pi w`‡K ZvwK‡q wQj M cvnv‡o †ivR †eov‡Z wb‡q †hZ N Ajmfv‡e e‡m _vKZ 520. Ô¸iæRb‡ì w`‡K ZvKv‡Z †bBÕ GwU †h e¨w³ gvb‡e

Zvi g‡a¨ Kx i‡q‡Q? K Kzms¯‹vi L fq M Avk¼v k ms¯‹vi

521. cvš‘qv wK‡mi m‡½ Zzjbxq? k Ave yi ingv‡bi †PvL L Ave yi ingv‡bi gv_v M Ave yi ingv‡bi AvOzj N Ave yi ingv‡bi eyK

522. Ave`yi ingvb Kvi g‡Zv ivbœv Ki‡e e‡j †jL‡Ki g‡b nq?

k fxg †mb L jÿY †mb M ejøvj †mb N Agj †mb

523. Ave`yi ingvb Av‡M †Kv_vq wQj? K Rvnv‡R L †R‡j k cë‡b N Kvey‡j

524. KZ w`b n‡jv Ave`yi ingvb Lvjvm †c‡q‡Q? k GK gvm L yB gvm M wZb gvm N Pvi gvm

525. ivB‡dj Pvjv‡Z cviÑ Dw³wU Kvi? K Aa¨ÿ wRiv‡ii L Ave yi ingv‡bi k †jL‡Ki N Kvey‡ji gš¿xi

526. dvjy`v evbv‡Z Kx jv‡M? K KuvPv j¼v L wRiv M Pvj k eid

527. †Kvb cvnvo †_‡K eid Avbv nq? K Kveyj cvnvo L LvBevi cvnvo k cvMgv‡bi cvnvo N `vwR©wjs‡qi cvnvo

528. KLb eo eo M‡Z© eid fwZ© K‡i ivLv nq? K MÖx®§Kv‡j k kxZKv‡j M emšÍKv‡j N kirKv‡j

529. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z †Kvb cÖvYxi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K L”Pi L Miæ k Mvav N †Nvov 530. ÔingZ Zvi GjvKvi mKj Lei iv‡LÕÑ ing‡Zi

m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? k Ave yi ingv‡bi L gyRZev Avjxi M Avgxi Avjxi N Kvey‡ji gš¿xi|

531. †jLK †hLv‡b _v‡Kb †mLvb †_‡K Kvey‡ji ~iZ¡ KZ? K wZb gvBj k AvovB gvBj M yB gvBj N GK gvBj

532. Ave`yi ingv‡bi †evSvwU †Kgb wQj? k ce©‡Zi g‡Zv DuPz L ce©‡Zi g‡Zv Ge‡ov-†_e‡ov M ce©‡Zi g‡Zv k³ N ce©‡Zi g‡Zv DuPz-wbPz 533. †jLK Ave`yi ingvb‡K Kx wb‡q Avm‡Z †`L‡jb? K A‡bK e¯Ív k ce©ZcÖgvY †evSv M eo Mvwo N Lvev‡ii e¯Ív 534. Ave`yi ingv‡bi †evSvUv wK‡mi _‡ji g‡a¨ wQj? K `woi L cwjw_‡bi k Rv‡ji N Kvc‡oi

535. †jLK Kv‡K UvOv nuvwK‡q evwo wdi‡Z †`‡Lb? K ingvb‡K k wRivi‡K M gš¿x‡K N gvwS‡K

536. Kveyj kn‡i wbkvPi n‡Z n‡j Kx cÖ‡qvRb? K PvKi k A¯¿ M Mvwo N B”Qv 537. Kvi ZvM` I nvwZqvi wKQyB †bB? K wRiv‡ii L Avgxi Avjxi k †jL‡Ki N Ave yi ingv‡bi

538. Mvgjv fwZ© wK‡mi gvsm wQj? K Miæ L gyiwM M Lvwm k y¤^v 539. gvs‡mi Mvgjvi g‡a¨ jy‡KvPzwi †LjwQj Kx? K Avjy k wKkwgk M gmjv N †cuqvR

540. †KvdZv-†cvjvI‡qi Ici Av¯Í wK‡mi †iv÷? K y¤^vi L Lvwmi k gyiwMi N nwi‡Yi

541. †Kv_vKvi AvOzi AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b gkûi? K Kvey‡ji k ev‡Mevjvi M Kvk¥x‡ii N fvi‡Zi

542. Ôh‡_ó n‡q‡Q Ave`yi ingvbÕ G ev‡K¨ Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K mš‘wó L fv‡jvevmv k weiw³ N fv‡jv jvMv 543. Kveywj meyR Pv‡qi is †Kgb? K meyR k wd‡K njy` M Mvp meyR N njy`

544. Kveywjiv Kq †cqvjv Pv cvb K‡i? K Pvi L cuvP k Qq N mvZ

545. Kveywjiv KZ b¤î †cqvjvq Pv‡q wPwb Lvq? k cÖ_g L Z…Zxq M PZz_© N cÂg

546. Kwdi cv‡Îi mvBR †Kgb? K eo k †QvU M gvSvwi N Lye eo

547. Kwdi †cqvjvi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q wK‡mi? K byb`vwbi L †gvg`vwbi M cvwbi g‡Mi k Pv‡qi †cqvjvi

548. me‡k‡l Ave`yi ingvb Kx nv‡Z N‡i †Xv‡K? K dvjy`v L Pv‡qi cvÎ k ev`vg-AvL‡ivU N cvwb


549. Kvey‡ji cvwb †Kgb? K Mig L †Lvjv M wgwói g‡Zv k Mjv‡bv cv_‡ii g‡Zv 550. cvbwki †Kv_vq? k DËi-AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b L `wÿY-AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b M c~e©-AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b N cwðg AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b

551. Ave`yi ingv‡bi †`k AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi †Kv_vq? K cwð‡g L `wÿ‡Y k DË‡i N c~‡e© 552. cvbwki gvbyl †Zv cv‡q †nu‡U P‡j bv, evZv‡mi Dci

fi K‡i †hb D‡o P‡j hvq evK¨wU †Kgb? k fvecÖavb L ev¯Íeag©x M wbixÿvg~jK N KíKvwnwb

553. †Quov †Quov †cuRv Zz‡jvi g‡Zv Kx? K cvwb L evZvm k eid N dzj

554. wK‡mi BwÄ‡bi wmwUi kã †kvbv hvq? K `viæm mvjv‡gi k `viæj Avgv‡bi M `viæj gyjv‡ii N `viæj Avg‡bi

555. Kvey‡ji evRv‡i Kx cvIqv hvq? K ev`vg L mewR k Kv‡jv Pkgv N dvjy`vi eid

556. cvbwk‡ii nvIqvi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q wK‡mi? k aviv‡jv Qywii L †Nvovi †Z‡Ri M VvÛv ei‡di N gqjvnxb dz‡ji


557. ÔIi‡fvqvÕ Kx fvlvi kã? K Aviwe L dviwm k divwm N D ©y 558. ÔZ¤^xÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? [Aby 1] K eo †`n L ÿxY †`n k wZi¯‹vi N cybivq

559. ÔZvM`Õ A_© Kx? K ZvMv`v k kw³ M ªæZZv N cybivq

560. ÔeªþiÜªÕ †Kv_vq? K Zvjyi mvg‡b k Zvjyi †K‡›`ª M Zvjyi Z‡j N Zvjyi †cQ‡b


561. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ Kx ai‡bi iPbv? K Dcb¨vm L Kve¨MÖš’ k ågYKvwnwb N cÖeÜ

562. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ Ô†`‡k we‡`‡kÕ MÖ‡š’i †Kvb Ask? K Øv`k k cÂ`k M GKv`k N Î‡qv`k

563. AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx †Kv_vq? k Kveyj L mvB‡ewiqv M `viæj N LvRv‡gvjøv 564. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? K †jL‡Ki ¯^‡`k‡cÖg k †jL‡Ki âh© M †jL‡Ki AvwZ‡_qZv N †jL‡Ki mijZv


565. wRivi mv‡n‡ei †ÿ‡Î †h welqwU mZ¨ i. wZwb GKRb wkÿK ii. wZwb GKRb divwm iii. wZwb GKRb wfZz gvbyl

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 566. Ave`yi ingvb‡K Ôbi`vbeÕ ejvi KviY

i. †m DuPz j¤v ii. Zvi wekvj kixi iii. †m fv‡jv iuv‡a

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 567. Ave yi ingvb KL‡bv †jL‡Ki w`‡K ZvKvqwbÑ KviY

i. ¸iæR‡bi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv AbywPZ ii. Ave yi ingvb ms¯‹vicwš’ iii. †jLK Ave`yi ingv‡bi ¸iæRb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii

568. Ôfimv †cjyg, fqI n‡jvÕ †jL‡Ki G ev‡K¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. k¼v ii. Avk¼v iii. kvwšÍ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii 569. Ave`yi ingvb m¤ú‡K© hv mZ¨Ñ

i. mKj KvR webv wØavq K‡i ii. Lye ivwM iii. gwb‡ei cÖwZ hZœkxj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii k i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 570. gwZb evRvi †_‡K A‡bK `ªe¨ GKv e‡q Av‡b| Ab¨

KviI mvnvh¨ †bIqvi cÖ‡qvRb Zvi g‡bB nq bv|Ñ gwZ‡bi m‡½ Ave`yi ingv‡bi wgj n‡jvÑ i. Df‡qB cwikÖgx ii. Df‡qB mij g‡bi iii. Df‡qiB eyw× GKUz Kg

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii k i, ii I iii 571. Kveyj kn‡i wbkvPi nIqvi Rb¨ ZvM` I

nvwZqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| KviY i. GLvbKvi †jvKRb K_vq K_vq SMov-ePmv K‡i ii. GLv‡b iv‡Z GKv Pjv‡div wbivc` bq iii. GLv‡b †Kv‡bv gvbylB fv‡jv bq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 572. Lvbv †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b wM‡q Ave`yi ingvb †g‡mi Pv‡R©

wQj G wel‡q †jL‡Ki m‡›`n `~i n‡jv; KviY i. †Uwe‡j AwZwi³ Lvevi wQj ii. †Uwe‡j A‡bK gvby‡li Lvevi wQj iii. †m A‡bK wKQy ivbœv K‡iwQj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii k i, ii I iii 573. Ave`yi ingv‡bi m‡½ Wv³vwi K‡j‡Ri Qv‡Îi

mv „k¨ †Kv_vq? i. GKwbôZvq ii. †KvZ‚n‡j iii. Zš§qZvq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii 574. ev‡Mevjvi AvOzi m¤ú‡K© †jLK e‡j‡Qb

i. G AvOzi gkûi ii. G AvOzi UK iii. ei‡d XvKv _vK‡jI Zv wng bq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii k i, ii I iii 575. Kvey‡ji Pv n‡jv

i. meyR Pv ii. †cqvjvq Xvj‡j †mB Pv‡qi is njy` nq iii. Kveywjiv †QvU †cqvjvq Zv cvb K‡i

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii k i, ii I iii 576. Ave`yi ingv‡bi evwo m¤ú‡K© ejv hvqÑ

i. cvbwki DËi AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b Aew¯’Z ii. †mLv‡b AvenvIqv Lye fv‡jv iii. kxZKv‡j mvZ w`b ch©šÍ eid c‡o

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii k i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 577 I 578bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kx‡Zi QywU‡Z †Rwib wm‡j‡Ui Rvdjs †eov‡Z hvq|

†mLv‡bi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, cvnvwo Sibv, b`x mewKQy Zv‡K Mfxifv‡e AvKl©Y K‡i| mvwe©K †mŠ›`‡h© gy» n‡q †m evev‡K e‡j, ÔGLv‡b Avgv‡ì GKUv evwo evwb‡q †`‡e?Õ [Aby. 3-4]

577. DÏxc‡Ki †Rwi‡bi mv‡_ M‡íi †jL‡Ki PvIqv GKm~‡Î euvav bq, KviY †jLK cvbwki †h‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb

K AeKvk hvc‡bi Rb¨ L we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ k Rxeb euvPv‡Z N †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨

578. DÏxc‡Ki Rvdjs-Gi mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi cvbwk‡ii wecixZ wPÎ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq i. cÖvK…wZK-†mŠ›`‡h© ii. FZz êwP‡Î¨ iii. Rxeb hvÎvq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii k i I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 579 I 580bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wRwbmcÎ bvgvevi duv‡K jÿ Kijyg †h Q dzwU

cvVvb‡ì †P‡qI GKgv_v DuPz GK f`ª‡jvK Avgvi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Qb| Zuvi bvg †kL Avng` Avjx| [MšÍe¨ Kveyj ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx]

579. DÏxcKwUi †kL Avng` Avjx †Zvgvi cwVZ iPbvi Kvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q?

K Aa¨ÿ wRivi L myfv‡li k Ave yi ingvb N dwK‡ii

580. D³ mv „‡kï KviY i. Df‡qB Qq dz‡Ui †ewk D”PZvi gvbyl ii. Df‡qB †jL‡Ki †mevq wb‡qvwRZ iii. Zviv Df‡qB eìvMx

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 581 I 582bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †Kv_v nv nšÍ, wPiemšÍ! Avwg em‡šÍ gwi eÜy †h hZ ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv evmv †Q‡o w`j f½ wbwkw`b a‡i uvov‡q wkq‡i †gvi cyivZb f…Z¨ [cyivZb f…Z¨ iex› ªbv_ VvKzi] 581. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z DÏxc‡Ki f…‡Zï

cÖwZiƒc †K? K Avgvb L wRivi k Ave yi ingvb N gwbi ingvb

582. Ave`yi ingvb I cyivZb f…Z¨ i. Amr ii. wbôvevb iii. `vwqZ¡kxj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii k ii I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 583 I 584bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avwè Zvi eÜy Zvjnv‡K e‡j bv‡Uv‡i A‡bK

Mig c‡o| gvVNvU †d‡U †PŠwPi n‡q hvq| †ewkifvM mgq gvbyl N‡ii †fZ‡i _v‡K|

583. DÏxc‡Ki bv‡Uv‡ii m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi †Kvb ¯’v‡bi wecixZ wPÎ cÖKvk K‡i?

K d«vÝ L Bsj¨vÛ M Kveyj k cvbwki

584. D³ ¯’v‡bi m‡½ êmv`„‡kï KviYÑ i. AvenvIqvi êcixZ¨ ii. AwZwi³ AjmZv iii. AwaK Mig

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii k i I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 585 I 586bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : `xß GBP.Gm.wm cixÿv †kl K‡i eÜy‡ì m‡½

fviZ åg‡Y hvq| Zviv wewfbœ RvqMv, †hgb KjKvZv, w`wjø I Avmvg ågY K‡i| Zvi me‡P‡q fv‡jv jv‡M KjKvZv| †mLv‡b †m evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`wk A‡bK LveviI †mLv‡b cvIqv hvq| G åg‡Y †m wewPÎ AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i|

585. DÏxcKwU †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb iPbvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q?

K eB cov k cÖevm eÜy M Avg AuvwUi †fucy N Avgvi cwiPq

586. DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨ iPbv m¤ú‡K© hv mZ¨Ñ i. ågYKvwnwb ii. wewPÎ AwfÁZvi cÖKvk NUvq iii. bZzb RvqMvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii k i, ii I iii


M`¨ 11 ggZvw` gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq

cvVëB we‡kølY


587. weµgcyi AÂjwU †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z? K bvivqYMÄ o gywÝMÄ M gvwbKMÄ N biwms`x 588. 1926 mv‡ji mv‡_ gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi

m¤úK© i‡q‡Q o g¨vwUªK cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î L AvB.Gmwm cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î M we.Gmwm cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î N Gg.Gmwm cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î 589. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi cÖ_g Mí †KvbwU? o AZmxgvgx L cÖv‰MwZnvwmK M mixm„c N wPÎvejx 590. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Abvm© cvm Kiv nqwb †Kb? K cixÿvq AK…ZKvh© nIqvq L `vwi‡`ªï Kvi‡Y o mvwnZ¨ mvabvq AwZ gMœ nIqvq N ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡b Rwo‡q covq 591. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †Kvb wLªóv‡ã gviv hvb? o 1956 wLªóv‡ã L 1957 wLªóv‡ã M 1958 wLªóv‡ã N 1960 wLªóv‡ã 592. 1956 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡mi KZ Zvwi‡L

gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq g„ZzëiY K‡ib? o 3 L 5 M 7 N 9


593. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †iv‡` e‡m †jLK Kx KiwQ‡jb? K Mv‡q †Zj gvLwQ‡jb L †Ljv KiwQ‡jb M kvw¯Í †fvM KiwQ‡jb o cov ˆZwi KiwQ‡jb 594. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ÒAvcbviv ivbœvi Rb¨ †jvK

ivL‡eb?Ó evK¨wU Øviv Kx †evSvq? o wRÁvmv L Z_¨ AbymÜvb M AbyÁv N we¯§q 595. Ô†hUzKz m‡¼vP wbZvšÍB _vKv DwPZ ZvI Gi

†bBÕ Kvi? K †jL‡Ki L †jL‡Ki gv‡qi o ggZvwì N ggZvwì ¯^vgxi 596. ggZvwì eqm KZ wQj? o †ZBk eQi L PweŸk eQi M cuwPk eQi N †ZwÎk eQi 597. ggZvwì †PvL `ywU †Kgb †`Lvw”Qj? K D¾¡j o w¯’i APÂj M wb®úÖf N PÂj 598. ggZvwì †`nveqe I cwi”Q‡ì eY©bvq Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K iuvaywbi †ek L PvKwicÖvw_©bxi Ae¯’v M ga¨we‡Ëi g~wZ© o `vwi‡`ªï †K¬k 599. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †K ivbœv Qvov †QvU †QvU KvRI Ki‡e? K iuvaywb L evgybw` o ggZvw` N evgyb VvKzi 600. Ôgv Zv‡K †Riv Ki‡jb|Õ GLv‡b Ô†RivÕ k‡ãi

mv‡_ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q K wkÿ‡Ki o DwK‡ji M eëmvqxi N Wv³v‡ii 601. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í gv ggZvw`‡K †Riv Ki‡jb †Kb? o Kv‡R wb‡qvM`v‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b L Zv‡K cQ›` nqwb e‡j M Zv‡K m‡›`n nIqvq N gvÕi evev DwKj ZvB

602. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvwì ¯^fve †Kgb? K Pcjv L KzwUj o fvwi Pvcv N gyLiv 603. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †jL‡Ki evwo †_‡K LvwbK `~‡i Kx? K iƒcPvb jv‡ji Mwj L cvZjvLv‡bi Mwj M giYg‡qi Mwj o Rxebg‡qi Mwj 604. ggZvw` KZ b¤î evwo‡Z _v‡K? K m‡Z‡iv b¤î L GKzk b¤î o mvZvk b¤î N muvBwÎk b¤î 605. ggZvwì msmv‡i †K †K Av‡Q? o ¯^vgx Avi GK †Q‡j L ¯^vgx Avi ey‡ov evc M ¯^vgx-mšÍvb, k¦ïi-kvïwo N GK †Q‡j Avi ey‡ov k¦ïi 606. ggZvwì †eZb KZ UvKv wba©viY Kiv

n‡qwQj? [Aby. 1] K 10 UvKv L 12 UvKv o 15 UvKv N 18 UvKv 607. ggZvw`‡K †jLK †Kv_vq cvKovI Ki‡jb? o †M‡Ui Kv‡Q L ivbœvN‡i M iv¯Ívq N eviv›`vq 608. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í Kv‡K †jL‡Ki fv‡jv †j‡MwQj? K wbiæcgv‡K L Kv`¤ix‡K o ggZvw`‡K N gÄywjw`‡K 609. Ô`xN©w`b ci PvKwi †c‡q myg‡bi Lywki Avi mxgv

†bBÕ myg‡bi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q †Kvb Pwi‡Îi? K wbiæcgv o ggZvw` M nwini N Aewb 610. ggZvwì wgwó †L‡Z eviY Kivi g‡a¨ Kx dz‡U

D‡VwQj? o Av‡e`b L fr©mbv M wZi¯‹vi N e¨½ 611. ggZvw` Pg‡K nvwm eÜ Kij †Kb? o †jLK evgybw` ejvq L †jLK Zvi K_v †kvbvq M ivbœvN‡i gvÕi AvMg‡b N Pzjvi Auv‡P Wvj cy‡o hvIqvq 612. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í evgybw` m‡¤^vabwU wK‡mi mv‡_

Zzjbxq n‡q‡Q? K fr©mbv L KUzK_v o Mvj N †KŠZzK 613. ggZvwì Mv‡j wK‡mi `vM c‡o wQj? K †gQZvi L AuvP‡oi M †k¦‡Zi o AvOy‡ji 614. ggZvw` Kxfv‡e Avbgbv I M¤¢xi n‡q †Mj? o Mv‡j nvZ Nl‡Z Nl‡Z L nvm‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i M fv‡Zi nuvwoi eyèy` †`L‡Z †`L‡Z N wb‡Pi †VuvU uv‡Z Kvg‡o 615. Po LvIqvi welqwU w`w` †Kb †Mvcb

†i‡LwQ‡jb? [Aby. 2] K j¾v †c‡q o AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi Rb¨ M wec‡ì Avk¼vq N PvKwi hvIqvi f‡q 616. ÒKv‡iv Kv‡Q hv cvB bv, Zzwg Zv †`‡e †Kb?Ó

evK¨wU‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K `vwi`ª¨ I eÂbv o Kvw•ÿZ R‡bi Kv‡Q Abvì Ae‡njv M wb¤œ †eZb-fvZv N ¯^vgx-mšÍv‡bi yie¯’v 617. ¯^vgxi PvKwi nIqvi c‡iI ggZvwì KvR

Kivi KviY Kx? K y‡Uv cqmv AwZwi³ Avq o ¯^vgxi wb¤œ Av‡qi PvKwi M bvixi ÿgZvq‡bi ¯ú„nv N M„nKÎ©xi †mœn-ggZv

618. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi Rxebgq MwjwU †Kgb? K A¯v¯’¨Ki L wec¾bK o wekÖx †bvsiv N AcivacÖeY

619. Ò†m ejj, g‡b n‡”Q cvZv‡j P‡jQ, bv?Ó G wPÎK‡í Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K †ivgvÂKi c_ Pjv L fxwZKi cvZvj Awfhvb M †jL‡Ki Mí ejvi gywÝqvbv o RxebgqMwji wNwÄ cwi‡ek 620. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi mvZvk b¤^‡ii evwoUv Kq Zjv? K GKZjv o †`vZjv M wZbZjv N PviZjv 621. ggZvw` †jLK‡K †kvevi N‡i wb‡q wM‡q

†Kv_vq em‡Z w`j? K †Pqv‡i L †PŠwK‡Z o Uz‡j N †g‡S‡Z 622. ggZvwì cuvP eQ‡ii †Q‡jwU mviv ivZ Nygvqwb †Kb? o †c‡Ui e¨_vq L R¡‡ii ZxeªZvq M ÿzavi R¡vjvq N Wvqwiqvq AvµvšÍ nIqvq 623. ggZvwì N‡i wK‡mi `xbZv wQj? K Avmeve mvgMÖxi L UvKv-cqmvi o Av‡jv-evZv‡mi N myL-kvwšÍi 624. ÔZzwg Gevi evwo hvI fvB| †Zvgvi wL‡`

†c‡q‡Q|Õ ggZvwì GB Dw³‡Z cÖKvk cvq K †m Lvevi LvIqv‡Z Pvq wb o Zvi N‡i Lvevi wQj bv M †m Sv‡gjv ~i Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q N †m Lye weiw³‡eva KiwQj 625. ggZvw` †jLK‡K ïay Ôw`w`Õ e‡j WvK‡Z e‡jwQj †Kb? o AvZ¥gh©v`vi Rb¨ L †m eªvþYKb¨v bq e‡j M †m †jL‡Ki †evb n‡Z Pvq e‡j N WvKwU Zvi wcÖq e‡j

626. eZ©gvb †cÖÿvc‡U ggZvw`‡K ejv hvq o Kg©V bvix L mvnmx bvix M webqx bvix N msmvix bvix


627. ÔevQvÕ kãwU ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q? K ev` †Ìqv L cQ›` Kiv M evQvB Kiv o erm ev m‡¤vab 628. Ôc ©v †V‡jÕ kã¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †Kvb A_©wU

mg_©b‡hvM¨? K c ©v mwi‡q L c ©v DuPz K‡i o cÖ_v f½ K‡i N j¾vkig fz‡j


629. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †Kvb w`KwU cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q? K M„nKg©x‡ì KZ©e¨K‡g© `ÿZv L M„nKg©x‡ì `ytLMv_v o M„nKg©x‡ì cÖwZ gvbweK AvPiY N M„nKg©x‡ì cÖwZ †ckv`vi AvPiY 630. ÔggZvw`Õ †Kgb N‡ii bvix? K e‡bw` N‡ii o gh©v`vm¤úbœ N‡ii M evgyb N‡ii N ew¯ÍN‡ii


631. ggZvwì wbtms‡KvP Av‡e`‡bi KviY i. N‡i‡Z Afve, msmvi Avi P‡j bv ii. cÖvYcY †Póvq AwZwi³ Rq K‡i †djv iii. †ckv`vwi g‡bvfve I cÖMj&fZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



632. †h Kvi‡Y ggZvw` c ©v †V‡j DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ evB‡i G‡m‡Q i. ¯^vgxi PvKwi †bB Pvi gvm ii. msmv‡ii Rb¨ `y‡Uv evowZ DcvR©b iii. msmvi Avi P‡j bv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii o i I iii N i, ii I iii 633. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †jL‡Ki gbtÿzYœ nIqvi KviY

i. ggZvwì GK †m‡KÛI bv ùvov‡bv ii. †jLK‡K Zz”Q K‡i P‡j hvIqv iii. †jL‡Ki mv‡_ fve Rwg‡q `y‡Uv K_v bv ejv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii o i, ii I iii 634. Ônvbœvb Zvi ¿x‡K †g‡i i³v³ K‡i‡Q|Õ

nvbœv‡bi ¯¿xi Ae¯’v jÿ Kiv hvq †h Pwi‡Î i. ggZvw` ii. †jLK iii. †jL‡Ki gv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 635 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gv gviv †M‡j wbivkÖq †Kóv êgv‡Îq †evb

Kv`w¤bxi evwo‡Z AvkÖq †bq| Zvi GB AbvKvw•ÿZ AvMgb Kv`w¤bx fv‡jvfv‡e †bqwb eis g‡b g‡b †m fxlY ALywk| Zv‡K w`‡q cÖwZwbqZ msmv‡ii bvbv KvR Kwi‡q wb‡”Q| Kvi‡Y AKvi‡Y Zz”Q welq wb‡q cÖvqB ye©ënvi K‡i| wbiæcvq †Kóv mewKQy bxi‡e mn¨ K‡i| [Aby. 3]

635. †h wePv‡i †Kóv I ggZvw` GKm~‡Î Muv_v Zv n‡jv i. `vwi ª¨ ii. AmnvqZ¡ iii. wbivkÖq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 636 †_‡K 638bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : AvwRRvi †g¤vi evwoi eQi euvav Kvgjv| Rwg-

wR‡iZ †_‡K †Mvqvj-cyKzi me©Î †m Ggwb

Z`viwK K‡i †h, mevB e‡j ÒAvwRRvi †g¤^vi evwoi †Pqvig¨vb|Ó

636. DÏxc‡Ki AvwRRvi PwiÎwU ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K mg_©b K‡i?

K †jL‡Ki gv L †jLK o ggZvw` N ggZvwì ¯^vgx 637. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q

i. ggZvwì msmv‡ii KvR¸‡jv‡K Avcb K‡i †bIqv

ii. ggZvwì Kv‡Ri k„•Ljv I wÿcÖZv iii. ggZvwì bxi‡e bZgy‡L KvR Kiv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii o i I ii N i I iii 638. DÏxc‡Ki †g¤^vi evwoi ga¨ w`‡q ÔggZvw`Õ

M‡í †h evwoi K_v †evSv hvq Zv n‡jv K ggZvwì k¦ïievwoi o †jL‡Ki evwoi M Rxebgq Mwji mvZvk b¤î evwoi N ggZvwì ev‡ci evwoi

M`¨ 12 cqjv êkvL Kexi †PŠayix

cvVëB we‡kølY


639. Kwei †PŠayixi Rš§ ZvwiL n‡jv K 7 †deªæqvwi o 9 †deªæqvwi M 11 †deªæqvwi N 13 †deªæqvwi 640. Kexi †PŠayix †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? o eªvþYevwoqv L Kzwgjøv M †bvqvLvjx N Kzwóqv 641. Kexi †PŠayix Kx wn‡m‡e f‚wlZ nb? K RvZxq wkíx L RvZxq Awf‡bZv o RvZxq Aa¨vcK N RvZxq bvU¨Kvi 642. Kexi †PŠayix †Kvb ivó«eë ’v cÖwZôvi Rb¨

AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb? o AvaywbK L MYZvwš¿K M mv¤úÖ`vwqK N mgvRZvwš¿K 643. ÔcÖvPxb Bs‡iwR Kve¨ mvwnZ¨Õ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? K †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix o Kexi †PŠayix M Avwbmy¾vgvb N ûgvqyb AvRv` 644. mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Kexi †PŠayix †Kvb

cyi¯‹v‡i f‚wlZ nb? o evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi L AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi M g¨vMmvm cyi¯‹vi N Avb›` cyi¯‹vi 645. ÔGKz‡k c`KÕ jvf K‡ib K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L Rxebvb›` `vk M RmxgD`&`xb o Kexi †PŠayix 646. Kexi †PŠayix g„ZzëiY K‡ib 2011 mv‡ji K 7 wW‡m¤i L 9 wW‡m¤î o 13 wW‡m¤i N 17 wW‡m¤i


647. cÖvq me †`‡k, me Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨, me ms¯‹…wZ‡ZB Kx D`&hvc‡bi cÖ_v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q?

o beel© L C` M yM©v c~Rv N emšÍeiY 648. Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ †Uwbm‡bi

KweZvi m‡½ Kvi KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q? K bRiæj Bmjv‡gi L myax›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi M Rxebvb›` `v‡ki o iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii

649. cqjv Rvbyqvwi‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i KweZv wj‡L‡Qb †K? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi o †Uwbmb M Awgq PµeZx© N weòz †` 650. bee‡l©i HwZn¨ †Kgb? K AvaywbK L mv¤úÖ`vwqK o mycÖvPxb N mv¤úÖwZK 651. Kv‡ji hvÎvc_ a‡i bee‡l©i wK‡mi cvjve`j

N‡U‡Q? K bv‡gi L Drm‡ei Zvwi‡Li o D`&hvcb ixwZi N RvwZMZ êwP‡Îï 652. cÖvPxb K…wl mgv‡R wK‡mi ci beRxe‡bi

Avwef©v‡e evsjv beel© D &hvcb Kiv n‡Zv? K em‡šÍi c‡i L †ng‡šÍi c‡i M el©vi c‡i o kxZKvjxb wbRx©eZvi c‡i 653. GK mgq Kviv bee‡l©i Drm‡e †mvrmv‡n †hvM w`Z? K wLªóvbiv L wn› yiv M gymwjgiv o evsjvi me gvbyl 654. HwZnvwmK Aveyj dRj beel©‡K Kx e‡j

D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? [Aby. 1] o bI‡ivR L RvZxq Drme M Abb¨ Drme N el©eiY Drme 655. Aveyj dR‡ji e‡j hvIqviI KZ Av‡M †_‡K

G‡`‡ki RbMY evsjv beel© cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q? K cuvP eQi L cÂvk eQi M mËi eQi o eû kZel© 656. K‡e evsjv beel© cvj‡bi g‡a¨ G‡`‡ki †kvwlZ

I cikvwmZ RbM‡Yi wP‡Ë ¯v‡`wkKZv I RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡UwQj?

K AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki cÖ_‡g L AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †k‡l M Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_‡g o Ebwesk kZvãxi †k‡l 657. Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j beel© cvj‡bi g‡a¨ Kv‡ì

wP‡Ë ¯^v‡`wkKZv I RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U?

o †kvwlZ I cikvwmZ‡ì L kvwmZ I †kvwlZ‡ì M ivRv I cÖRv‡ì N me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li 658. KLb evsjv beel© D`hvc‡bi m‡½

mvgªvRëv`we‡ivax †PZbv hy³ n‡qwQj? K Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© L Ebwesk kZvãxi †klv‡a© o wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© N wesk kZvãxi †klv‡a©

659. beel© D`&hvc‡bi gva¨‡g Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? [Aby. 2] K DMÖ RvZxqZv o HK¨‡eva M eûgyLx fvebv N mvs¯‹…wZK wfbœZv 660. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl Kxfv‡e ag©wbi‡cÿZvi

Av`‡k©i cÖwZdjb NwU‡q‡Q? o beel© D`&hvcb K‡i L C` D`&hvcb K‡i M c~Rv D`&hvcb K‡i N eow`b D`&hvcb K‡i 661. AvR ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb w`bwU bvbv

Kg©Kv‡Ði ga¨ w`‡q DrmegyLi n‡q I‡V? K 15B AvM÷ L 21†k †deªæqvwi M 1jv Rvbyqvwi o 1jv êkvL 662. Dcgnv‡`k wef³ n‡qwQj KZ mv‡j? K 1937 L 1945 o 1947 N 1950 663. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Kviv ag© I m¤úÖ`vq

wbi‡cÿfv‡e GKwU cÖwZev`x g‡bvfve wb‡q cig Drmvn f‡i evsjv beel© D &hvcb Ki‡Q?

K K…lK‡kÖwY L ivR‰bwZK †bZv M mvaviY gvbyl o wkwÿZ gvbyl 664. MÖvgevsjv wQj cqjv êkv‡Li Avb›`vbyôv‡bi

cÖvY‡K›`ª, kn‡i wK‡mi wfwË‡Z Zv MÖvg †_‡K wfbœ? o A_©‰bwZK wfwË‡Z L ivR‰bwZK wfwË‡Z M mvgvwRK wfwË‡Z N Av_©-mvgvwRK wfwË‡Z 665. Ô¸jRv‡ii cwiev‡ii Ici Rv‡e` †g¤^vi cÖfve

we¯Ívi Ki‡Z PvqÕ GwU Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?

K RvZxqZvev` L mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv o mvgªvRëv` N mwnsmev` 666. Avgv‡ì †`‡k beel© D`hvcb ixwZ‡Z

cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q †Kvb Kvi‡Y? K HwZ‡nï cvjve`‡j o mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b M gvby‡li wPšÍvi cwieZ©‡b N A_©‰bwZK mg„w×i Kvi‡Y 667. K…wl mgv‡Ri m‡½ bee‡l©i †hvMm~Î wQj †Kb? K K…lKiv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi aviK wQj e‡j L K…lKiv bee‡l©i w`‡b dmj ZzjZ e‡j o K…wlwfwËK A_©bxwZ wQj e‡j N K…lKiv êkvLx †gjvi Av‡qvRb KiZ e‡j 668. Bs‡iR mvgªvRëv`x †ewbqv kw³i mvg‡b ¯^vaxb

evsjvi m~h© Wz‡e hvIqvi c~e© gyn~‡Z© †K †klev‡ii g‡Zv WvK w`‡qwQj?

K AvKei o wmivR‡ÏŠjv M wmivR muvB N Aveyj dRj


669. Ômvewibv Zvi eÜy‡ì m‡½ igbvi eUg~‡j wM‡q DrmegyLi cwi‡e‡k cvšÍv-Bwjk Lv‡”Q|Õ G welqwUi m‡½ mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q

o cqjv êkv‡Li L C‡ì M c~Rv Drm‡ei N weRq Drm‡ei


670. Ô¯^v‡`wkKZvÕ ej‡Z †evSvq o †`k‡cÖwgKZv L wb‡Ri †`k M ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb N ¯^v_© Z¨vM 671. ÔmvgªvRëv`Õ A_© Kx? K mgvRbxwZ L ivRvi bxwZ o ciiv‡Rï Ici KZ…©Z¡ we¯Íviiƒc N ivR‰bwZK K‚U‡KŠkj 672. Ôey‡R©vqv wejvmÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o ga¨weË †kÖwYi gvby‡li kL L Mwie †kÖwYi kL M wbPz Rv‡Zi kL N eRivq ågY 673. Ôkwfwbw÷KÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o iæk ivR‰bwZK gZev` L iæk A_©‰bwZK gZev` M iæk mvgvwRK gZev` N ivR‰bwZK K‚U‡KŠkj


674. Ôcqjv êkvLÕ iPbvwU †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q?

o evsjv‡`‡ki Drme : beel© L evsjv‡`‡ki Drme M evsjv‡`‡ki beel© N Drm‡e evsjv‡`k 675. evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Drme :

beel©Õ MÖš’wU KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? o 2008 L 2009 M 2010 N 2011 676. Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Drme : beel©Õ MÖš’wU m¤úv`bv

K‡i‡Qb †K? o †gveviK †nv‡mb L †gveiK nvmvb M †gveviK DwÏb N †gveviK Avn‡g`

677. wK‡mi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB evsjv beel© D`&hvc‡bi aviYv ˆZwi nq?

o dmj Drcv`b L gr‡mï m‡½ M g„rwk‡íi m‡½ N Ni †Zvjvi m‡½ 678. wK‡mi e„Ë AwZµg K‡i evsjv beel© Drme

AvR Avgv‡ì RvZxq ˆPZ‡bï aviK? K RvZcÖ_vi msKxY©Zv o agx©q msKxY©Zv M ivR‰bwZK msKxY©Zv N Avh©cÖ_v


679. cqjv êkvL evOvwj RvwZi i. †MŠiegwÐZ HwZn¨ ii. me©Rbxb Drme iii. agx©q Abyf‚wZ wgwkÖZ Drme wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 680. ixwZ-cÖK…wZ c×wZ cÖKi‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

_vK‡jI me©‡ÿ‡ÎB †gŠwjK HK¨ Av‡Q i. beel© cvj‡b ii. C` cvj‡b iii. `yM©vc~Rv cvj‡b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M i I ii N iii 681. ÔGK mgq MÖvg-bMi wbwe©‡k‡l evsjvi me gvbyl,

†m wn›`y-gymjgvb-†eŠ× wK wLªóvb †nvK, evsjv bee‡l©i Drm‡e †mvrmv‡n †hvM w`Z|Õ GB D×…wZi m‡½ msMwZ i‡q‡Q evOvwji i. Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi ii. wPišÍb HwZ‡nï iii. me©Rbxb åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 682. ÔcvK kvmK‡ì iæ`ª `„wói ciI evsjvi wkwÿZ

RbMY evsjv beel© D`hvcb K‡i‡Q|Õ Gi g‡a¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q evOvwji i. RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv ii. Amv¤úÖ`vwqK g‡bvfve iii. Avb›` Abyf‚wZi ewntcÖKvk wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



DÏxcKwU c‡o 683 I 684bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôevsjvi wn› y evsjvi †eŠ× evsjvi wLª÷vb evsjvi gymjgvb Avgiv mevB evOvwjÕ [Aby. 3-4] 683. DÏxcKwU‡Z Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Ü wea„Z w`KwU n‡jv K evsjv‡`wk RvZxqZv L evOvwj RvZxqZv o Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZv N mvgëvw`Zv 684. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ fv‡ei m‡½ wb‡Pi

†KvbwUi mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q? o wmivR‡ÏŠjv †klev‡ii g‡Zv jovB Kivi Rb¨

WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb wn›`y-gymjgvb Dfq‡K| L Jcwb‡ewkK ivR‡Z¡i w`b¸‡jv‡Z beel©

cvj‡bi gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ¯^v‡`wkKZv I RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡UwQj|

M beel© evOvwji GK Abb¨ Drme, Ab¨Zg RvZxq Drme|

N mvgvwRK cÖ‡KŠkjx‡ì AvR evsjv bee‡l©i g‡a¨ m‡PZbfv‡e bZzb gvwÎKZv †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

DÏxcKwU c‡o 685 I 686bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : evsjv‡`‡k †h GZUv cÖv‡Yi Av‡e‡M Ges Mfxi

fv‡jvevmvq beel© Drme D`&hvwcZ nq Zvi KviY cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j c~e©-evsjvi evOvwj‡K G-Drme cvjb Ki‡Z †Ìqv nqwb| ejv n‡q‡Q, GUv cvwK¯Ívwb Av`‡k©i cwicš’x| d‡j c~e©-evsjvi evOvwj duy‡m D‡V‡Q| †mv”Pvi n‡q D‡V‡Q cÖwZev‡`|

685. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj Av‡Q?

K wmivR‡ÏŠjv L †Mvwe›` †è M gybxi †PŠayix o cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK 686. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi mv`„k¨

i‡q‡Q †h wel‡q i. beel© D`&hvc‡b evav ii. Drme cvjb iii. cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì nxb gvbwmKZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii o i I iii

M`¨ 13 GKvË‡ii w`b¸wj Rvnvbviv Bgvg

cvVëB we‡kølY


687. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi Rš§ ZvwiL †KvbwU? K 2 †g o 3 †g M 4 †g N 5 †g 688. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi †Q‡j iægx gyw³hy‡× †hvM

†Ìqvi ci gv wn‡m‡e wZwb K wb‡la K‡ib o mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib M wd‡i Avm‡Z e‡jb N †Q‡ji Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q I‡Vb 689. Rvnvbviv Bgvg evOvwj RvwZi Kv‡Q cwiwPZ K wkÿK wn‡m‡e L Kwe wn‡m‡e M wkíx wn‡m‡e o kwn` Rbbx wn‡m‡e 690. Rvnvbviv Bgvg Kv‡ì kvw¯Íi `vwe‡Z Avg„Zz¨

msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb? o gyw³hy‡× we‡ivwaZvKvix‡ì L AZ¨vPvix nvbv`vi evwnbxi M wgÎevwnbxi N wfZz gyw³‡hv×v‡ì 691. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi †Kvb MÖš’ me©Î mgv`„Z? K MRK”Qc L cÖev‡mi w`b¸wj o GKvË‡ii w`b¸wj N mvZwU Zvivi wSwKwgwK

692. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi g„Zz¨ ZvwiL KZ? K 24 Ryb o 26 Ryb M 28 Ryb N 30 Ryb


693. 1971 mv‡ji 13 GwcÖj Kx evi wQj? K kwbevi L iweevi M †mvgevi o g½jevi 694. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbvq KZ

w`b a‡i e„wó nw”Qj? K yB w`b L wZb w`b Pvi w`b N cuvP w`b 695. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbvq mviv

w`bfi GKUvbv e„wó n‡qwQj Kx ev‡i? K kwbev‡i †iveev‡i M †mvgev‡i N g½jev‡i 696. ÔAvgvi Rxe‡bI GZw ‡b mwZ mwZ y‡h©v‡Mi †gN Nb n‡q

Avm‡Q|Õ GLv‡b Ô y‡h©v‡Mi †gNÕ wK‡mi Bw½Z w ‡”Q? wec‡ì L e„wói M eb¨vi N R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi 697. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbvq †K

e‡jwQj ÔLye `vwg K_v e‡j‡Qb dzdzRvbÕ? K ikx` L Rvgx M iægx Kwig

698. Ôn‡jv †Zv me Lvwj, weivb, hv nevi Zv †Zv cÖ_g

`yw`‡bB n‡q †M‡Q|Õ G evK¨ Bw½Z †`q o cvKevwnbxi b„ksmZvi L QvÎ‡ì cvwj‡q hvIqvi M wkÿK‡ì Kov wb‡`©‡ki N wek¦we`¨vjq eÜ _vKvq 699. ÔMZ K‡qK gvm a‡i †bkvUvi K_v fveviB AeKvk

cvBwbÕ GLv‡b †Kvb †bkvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? o evMvb Kivi †bkv L eB covi †bkv M ivbœv Kivi †bkv N cvV`v‡bi †bkv 700. cPv jv‡ki yM©‡Ü †jwLKv gvQ LvIqvB ev` w`‡q‡Qb|

†jwLKv GwU KZ Zvwi‡Li eY©bvq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? 13B GwcÖj L 10B †g M 12B †g N 17B †g 701. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbvq

evMv‡b †ek KUv Kx MvQ Av‡Q? K iRbxMÜv L †ewj dzj M RuyB †Mvjvc 702. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbvq

†jwLKvi evMvb m¤úwK©Z eY©bv KZ Zvwi‡L ewY©Z n‡q‡Q?

10B †g L 11B †g M 12 B †gN 13B †g


703. gyw³hy‡×i mgq †g gv‡mi †Kvb Zvwi‡L gva¨wgK ¯‹zj †Lvjvi K_v ejv n‡qwQj? [Aby. 1]

K AvU ZvwiL o bq ZvwiL M `k ZvwiL N GMv‡iv ZvwiL 704. ÔkwdKzj Bmjvg Ôgy³evKÕ bv‡g cwÎKvq Kjvg

†j‡Lb|Õ ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi †h w`KwU kwdKzj Bmjvg aviY K‡i‡Qb

o QÙbvg L †Mvcb bvg M †QvU bvg N Ab¨R‡bi bvg 705. Ôwbj©¾ wg_¨vfvl‡Y fiv wee„wZÕ ej‡Z Kx eyS? [Aby. 2] K wee„wZ †Ìqv‡bvi K‚U‡KŠkj o †eq‡b‡Ui gy‡L †Ìqv wee„wZ M †Mv‡qe&j&‡m&i g‡Zv wee„wZ N eyw×Rxex I wkíx‡ì †Ìqv wee„wZ 706. †jwLKv †Kvb bvgUv Av‡M KL‡bv †kv‡bbwb? K Avey mv‡jn o mv‡jn Avng` M bRiæj Bmjvg N PigcÎ 707. gyw³‡dŠR‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Kx wQj? o †`k‡K kÎægy³ Kiv L cÖwZ‡kva †bIqv M wb‡R‡ì kw³ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv N AvZ¥iÿv Kiv 708. AZ¨vPvix ˆmb¨ w`‡q †Niv Aeiæ× XvKv kn‡i

e‡m †Kvb kãUv ïb‡j Awek¦vm¨ g‡b nq? K cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi L ivRvKvi M Avjeì o gyw³‡dŠR 709. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbvq kixd

Avi †jwLKv Kx wb‡q wØavØ‡›Ø fzMwQ‡jb? o iægxi D×vi cÖm½ L evwo †Q‡o cvjv‡bvi M Rvgxi cov‡kvbv N AvZ¥iÿv Kiv 710. Ô†Pv‡Li R‡j fvm‡Z fvm‡Z AvwgI kix‡di

gZ‡K mg_©b K‡iwQÕ †Kvb gZ‡K? K gvwm© wcwUkb Kivi wm×všÍ‡K o gvwm© wcwUkb bv Kivi wm×všÍ‡K M iægx‡K †`L‡Z bv hvIqvi wm×všÍ‡K N iægx‡K †`L‡Z hvIqvi wm×všÍ‡K 711. iægxi evev I gv‡qi wm×všÍ wK‡mi cwiPq †`q? K ¯^v_©ciZvi L ¯^RbcÖxwZi M †`kwe‡ivaxi o ¯^vwaKv‡ii 712. gwZqyi ingv‡bi d¨vwgwj KZ Zvwi‡L KivwP

†_‡K XvKvq G‡m‡Q? K 23 †m‡Þ¤î L 25 †m‡Þ¤î M 27 †m‡Þ¤î o 29 †m‡Þ¤î 713. gwZqyi ingv‡bi Pwjøkv n‡qwQj KZ Zvwi‡L? K 25 Zvwi‡L L 28 Zvwi‡L o 30 Zvwi‡L N 31 Zvwi‡L 714. gwZqyi ingv‡bi ¯¿x wQ‡jb gwbiæ¾vgv‡bi K †evb L †g‡q M fvwMœ o kvjx 715. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvq †Kvb Mvq‡Ki bvg

D‡jøL i‡q‡Q? K Kvgiæj nvmvb L d‡qR Avng` M iex›`ªbv_ o AwRZ ivq

716. 16 wW‡m¤î : e„n¯úwZevi 1971 mv‡j AvKvkhy× KqUv ch©šÍ evov‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K ev‡ivUv L yBUv o wZbUv N PviUv 717. gÄy‡ii Mvwo‡Z Kx wQj? K †MÖ‡bW L e›`yK M wgwó o cZvKv


718. ÔweivbÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o Rbgvbenxb L wm× M welYœ N cwic~Y© 719. Lyiwc Kx? K Szwi o gvwU †Luvovi LšÍv M gyiwMi Ni N †QvU PvKz 720. kix‡di mv‡_ †jwLKvi m¤úK© Kx? K eÜy o ¯^vgx-¯¿x M PvPv‡Zv fvB-†evb N Lvjv‡Zv fvB-†evb 721. Ô†eq‡bUÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? o e› y‡Ki AMÖfv‡M jvMv‡bv welv³ Qywi L ev`¨hš¿ M e›`yK N PvqwbR evUvj 722. ÔK‚U‡KŠkjÕ k‡ãi mwVK A_© †KvbwU? K cÖwZwnsmv o `ye©yw× M †jvf N N„Yv


723. gyw³hy× wb‡q Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi iwPZ MÖš’ †KvbwU? o GKvË‡ii w`b¸wj L cÖev‡mi w`b¸wj M MRK”Qc N K¨vÝv‡ii m‡½ emevm 724. Rvnvbviv Bgvg‡K Ôkwn` RbbxÕ ejv nq †Kb? o †Q‡j hy‡× kwn` n‡q‡Q e‡j L Zuvi bvg M Zuvi evev Avì K‡i WvK‡Zb N A‡bK gyw³‡hv×v‡K euvwP‡q‡Qb 725. cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi AZwK©Z nvgjvq

cÖ_‡gB Kv‡ì Rxeb wek„•Lj n‡q c‡owQj? K h‡kvievmxi L PÆMÖvgevmxi M iscyievmxi o XvKvi bMi-Rxeb


726. cvovi A‡b‡KB evwo †Q‡o P‡j hv‡”Q i. cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi‡ì f‡q ii. euvPvi Avkvq iii. gnvgvix †_‡K euvP‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N ii I iii 727. Ôhv nevi Zv‡Zv cÖ_g `yw`‡bB n‡q †M‡QÕ

ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q i. cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡ì AZwK©Z nvgjvi ïiæi K_v ii. `yB w`‡b AmsL¨ gvbyl nZ¨v Kivi K_v iii. iægx I Rvgxi aiv cov wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

k i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

728. ÔPviw`b a‡i e„wóÕ G evK¨wU wb‡`©k K‡i i. weo¤bvi ii. `y‡h©v‡Mi iii. msK‡Ui wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 729. Ôb`x‡Z cÖPzi jvk †f‡m hv‡”Q| †cQ‡b nvZ

euvav, ¸wj‡Z giv jvkÕ evK¨wU cÖgvY K‡i i. cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡ì b„ksmZv ii. AZ¨vPvwiZ gvby‡li AvZ¥nZ¨v iii. cvKevwnbxi MYnZ¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii k i I iii

M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

730. Ô†`‡ki GB weiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv Qv‡Îi DwPZ bq ¯‹z‡j hvIqv|Õ †jwLKvi GB fvebv

GKai‡bi i. cÖwZev` ii. †`k‡cÖg iii. cjvqbci g‡bvfve wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 731 I 732bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì ÔAv¸‡bi cikgwYÕ

Dcb¨v‡m ew` gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi| ew` XvKv‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ †Mwijv evwnbx‡K msMwVZ K‡i| †`k wech©¯Í e‡j mvaviY cwiev‡ii m`mïv cwievi‡K Rvwb‡q wKsev bv Rvwb‡q gyw³hy‡× hvq| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cÖZ¨vkv Ges Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii cÖZ¨vkv wQj †`k †hb ZvovZvwo kÎægy³ nq| [Aby. 3-4]

731. DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †Kvb w`KwU‡K D‡š§vwPZ K‡i‡Q? i. iægxi hy‡× hvIqv ii. iægxi evevi DrKÉv iii. iægxi gv‡qi DrKÉv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii o i I iii N iii

732. DÏxc‡Ki AbyfewU ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †Kvb D×…wZi m‡½ mv „k¨c~Y©?

o iægx‡K Ab¨fv‡e †ei K‡i Avbvi †Póv Kiv n‡e; wKš‘ gvwm© wcwUkb K‡i bq|

L †h †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡i iægx‡K D×v‡ii †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|

M Lybx miKv‡ii Kv‡Q iægxi cÖvY wfÿv Kiv gv‡bB iægxi Av`k©‡K Acgvb Kiv|

N iægxi g‡Zv Ggb AmvaviY †gavex †Q‡ji Rxeb euvP‡j †`‡kiI g½j|

M`Å 14 mvwnGZÅi i…c I ixwZ nvqvr gvgy`

cvVëB we‡kølY


733. nvqvr gvgy` KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1935 L 1937 M 1938 o 1939 734. nvqvr gvgy` XvKvi †Kvb ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv

cixÿvq DËxY© nb? o XvKvi †m›U †MÖMwiR nvB ¯‹zj L †gw`bxcyi †Rjv ¯‹zj M XvKv K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj N †fvjvnvU iv‡gk¦ix Bbw÷wUDkb

735. nvqvr gvgy` mvwnZ¨‡ÿ‡Î Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib?

o evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi L AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi M GKz‡k c`K N KzšÍjxb mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi

736. nvqvr gvgy‡ì †ckv wQj o Aa¨vcbv L mvsevw`KZv M IKvjwZ N M‡elYv

737. nvqvr gvgy` L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib K KweZv I cÖe‡Ü o M‡elYv I cÖe‡Ü M bvUK I cÖe‡Ü N M‡elYv I KweZvq

738. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi I KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi

wK‡kvi Rxebx †j‡Lb o nvqvr gvgy` L Kexi †PŠayix M Avwbmy¾vgvb N ûgvqyb AvRv`


739. wekvj cwiwai GKwU wel‡qi bvg Kx? o mvwnZ¨ L KweZv M bvUK N Dcb¨vm 740. mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ kvLvi MVb‰kjx wb‡q

ch©‡eÿY I Av‡jvPbv‡K e‡j K wePvi L iƒc o ixwZ N fve


741. evsjv fvlvq gnvKv‡eï P‚ovšÍ mdj iƒc cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †K?

o gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L Kvq‡Kvev` M iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi N KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg 742. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b Zvi †Kvb iPbvq gnvKv‡eï

P‚ovšÍ iƒc cÖKvk K‡ib? K wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨ L eªRv½bv Kve¨ o †gNbvèa Kve¨ N exiv½bv Kve¨ 743. Ôhv †bB fvi‡Z Zv †bB fvi‡ZÕ gšÍe¨wU

†KvbwU m¤ú‡K©? [Aby. 1] K MxwZKweZv L †QvUMí o gnvKve¨ N KvwnbxKve¨ 744. GK K_vq gnvKve¨‡K Kx ejv hvq? K Kvwnwb KweZv o `xN© Kvwnwb KweZv M KweZv N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 745. Òe³vi fv‡ev”Q¡v‡mi cwiùzUb gvÎ hvnvi

D‡Ïk¨ †mB Kve¨B MxwZKve¨|Ó Dw³wU Kvi? K iex›`ªbv‡_i o ew¼gP‡›`ªi M kirP‡›`ªi N gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi 746. êòe KweZvewj †Kvb hy‡Mi wb`k©b? K cÖvPxb hy‡Mi L AÜKvi hy‡Mi o ga¨hy‡Mi N AvaywbK hy‡Mi 747. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ Kx

wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ? K cwjøKwe o we‡`ªvnx Kwe M wek¦Kwe N cÖ_vwe‡ivax Kwe 748. evsjv KweZvq Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ fv‡ei mv‡_ m¤úK©

i‡q‡Q †Kvb Kwei? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi o KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M RmxgD`&`xb N Rxebvb›` `vk 749. cwjøi fve-Kíbv jÿ Kiv hvq †h Kwei g‡a¨ o RmxgD`&`xb L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M kvgmyi ivngvb N wbg©‡j› y ¸Y 750. ÔbKmxKuv_vi gvVÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? K bRiæj Bmjvg o RmxgD`&`xb M Rxebvb›` `vk N ˆmq` kvgmyj nK 751. bvUK †mKv‡j cy¯ÍKvKv‡i gyw ªZ n‡Zv bv †Kb? K A‡_©i Afv‡e o QvcvLvbv wQj bv M c„ô‡cvlK wQj bv N Áv‡bi Afv‡e 752. bvU‡Ki cÖavb jÿ¨ †KvbwU? K ivRbxwZ o `k©KmgvR M A_©bxwZ N e¨w³we‡kl 753. bvU¨mvwnZ¨‡K Kve¨mvwn‡Zï g‡a¨ MY¨

K‡i‡Qb Kviv? K bvU¨ wbg©vZviv o ms¯‹…Z AvjsKvwiKe„›` M ga¨hy‡Mi mvwnwZ¨Kiv N AvaywbK hy‡Mi mvwnwZ¨Kiv 754. ms¯‹…Z AvjsKvwiK‡ì g‡Z Kve¨ Kq ai‡bi? o `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP 755. bvUK‡K cÖavbZ †Kvb Kv‡eï ch©vqfz³ fvev nq? o `„k¨Kve¨ L kÖe¨Kve¨ M MxwZKve¨ N gnvKve¨ 756. Kvwnwbi welqe¯‘ I cwiYwZi w`K †_‡K

bvUK‡K Kq †kÖwY‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq? K GK L yB o wZb N Pvi 757. GKB m‡½ bvU¨Kvi I Awf‡bZv wQ‡jb K `xbeÜy wgÎ o wMwikP›`ª †Nvl M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq 758. ÔKvjvcvnvoÕ bvU‡Ki iPwqZv †K? K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L `xbeÜy wgÎ o wMwikP›`ª †Nvl N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 759. bvUK mvaviYZ KZ A‡¼ wef³ _v‡K? K wZb L Pvi o cuvP N Qq 760. bvUK Kx ai‡bi m„wó? o msjvcwbf©i L fvlvwbf©i M Q›`wbf©i N Dc‡ii me¸‡jv

761. `xbeÜy wgÎ Kx ai‡bi bvUK wb‡q Avwef‚©Z nb? K †cŠivwYK L HwZnvwmK M ivR‰bwZK o mvgvwRK 762. Ô†QvU cÖvY, †QvU e¨_v †QvU †QvU `ytL K_vÕ

KweZvwU Kvi? K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi L `xbeÜy wg‡Îi M wMwikP›`ª †Nv‡li o iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii 763. Rxe‡bi c~Y©veqe bq, LÐvsk‡K †jLK im-wbweo K‡i

dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb| Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl gyn~Z© †Kv‡bv we‡kl cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ ¯ímsL¨K Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g Gi cwiYwZ N‡U| DÏxc‡K mvwn‡Zï †Kvb kvLvi cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q? [Aby. 4]

K KweZv o †QvUMí M Dcb¨vm N bvUK 764. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †Kvb kãwU eën„Z n‡”Q Pwjøk-

cÂvk eQi a‡i? K Kvwnwb o †QvU Mí M AbyMí N LÐMí 765. †QvUM‡íi aviYv G‡m‡Q o cvðvZ¨ mvwnZ¨ †_‡K L cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ †_‡K M cÖv‡Pï mvwnZ¨ †_‡K N ms¯‹…Z mvwnZ¨ †_‡K 766. Ô†QvUM‡íi AvqZb Ggb nIqv msMZ †hb 10 †_‡K

50 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ †kl Kiv hvqÕ †K e‡j‡Qb? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L GWMvi A¨vjvb †cv o GBP. wR. I‡qj&m& N Gj. iwebmb 767. †QvUM‡í NUbvi cy•Lvbycy•L Dc ’vcb m¤¢e bq †Kb? o cwiwa ÿz`ª nIqvi Kvi‡Y L wbqg _vKvi Kvi‡Y M cvVK co‡Z Pvq bv e‡j N gvbyl wei³ n‡e e‡j 768. g½jKve¨ †Kvb hy‡Mi wb`k©b? K cÖvPxb hyM L AÜKvi hyM o ga¨hyM N AvaywbK hyM 769. evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g mv_©K I KvjRqx Jcb¨vwmK †K? o ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 770. †Kvb mvwnwZ¨‡Ki mgq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i A`¨vewa

cÖe‡Üi cÖengvbZv KL‡bv evavcÖvß nq wb? o ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg N i‡Yk `vk¸ß


771. ÔAiƒciZbÕ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kx ai‡bi iPbv? K KweZv L cÖeÜ o bvUK N Dcb¨vm 772. ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi RxebKvj †KvbwU? o 1772-1833 L 1782-1836 M 1787-1837 N 1788-1833 773. nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Kx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ? K Awf‡bZv L Kwe M bvU¨Kvi o K_vwkíx


774. mvwnZ¨ Kq ai‡bi? K yB L wZb M Pvi o bvbv ai‡bi 775. Ômvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c

wK‡mi cwiPq Av‡Q? K bvU‡Ki L †QvUM‡íi M cÖe‡Üi o wewPÎ mvwnZïxwZi


776. ÔivgvqYÕ-Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Q i. ivg ii. iveY iii. mxZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii

777. iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ i. evsjv bvU‡Ki Avw½K cwieZ©bKvix ii. Ôi³KiexÕ bvU‡Ki iPwqZv iii. ÔWvKNiÕ bvU‡Ki iPwqZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 778. Ô†QvUMíÕ m¤ú‡K© GWMvi A¨vjvb †cvi AwfgZ n‡”Q

i. Ava NÈvq hv c‡o †kl Kiv hvq ii. GK NÈvq hv c‡o †kl Kiv hvq iii. `yB NÈvq hv c‡o †kl Kiv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 779. ÔMícvV †kl K‡iI cvVK Kvwnwbi mgvwß

†Luv‡RÕ e³e¨wU aviY K‡i †h cO&w³ [Aby. 3] i. NUbvi NbNUv ii. †kl n‡q nBj bv †kl iii. AšÍ‡i AZ…wß i‡e

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 780. ÔcvVK mgv‡R Dcb¨vm mvwnZ¨ eûj cwVZ I

RbwcÖq|Õ KviY Dcb¨vm [Aby. 2] i. mnR-mij-cÖvÄj ii. cvVK wb‡R‡K Luy‡R cvq iii. GLv‡b mgvR-†`k I RvwZi cÖwZdjb N‡U

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 781 I 782bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cvðvZ¨ Av`k©vbymv‡i gnvKve¨ ej‡Z

exiZ¡e¨ÄK DcvL¨vb †evSvq| mM© msL¨v m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv mxgve×Zv G‡Z †bB, Z‡e GK Q‡›`B Zv iwPZ n‡e| bvqK †èZv bv n‡jI AmvaviY ÿgZvkvjx Ges gnr ¸Ym¤úbœ exi n‡Z n‡e| evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m gnvKv‡eï avivi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë|

781. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ômvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq?

o gnvKve¨ Av‡jvPbvq L Dcb¨vm Av‡jvPbvq M bvUK Av‡jvPbvq N cÖeÜ Av‡jvPbvq 782. DÏxc‡Ki gnvKv‡eï êwk‡óï mv‡_

Ômvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZÕ iPbvi gnvKv‡eï êwkó¨ Abyhvqx PwiÎ n‡e i. AmvaviY ÿgZvkvjx ii. gnr ¸Ym¤úbœ exi iii. me©we`¨vq cvi`kx© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 783 I 784bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : MxwZKweZvi g‡a¨ Kwe n„`‡qi we‡kl †Kv‡bv Abyf‚wZ

msMxZ gvayh© mnKv‡i iƒcvwqZ n‡q I‡V| Kwei e¨w³MZ Abyf‚wZ Gi DcRxe¨, msMx‡Zi e¨Äbv wb‡q Zvi cÖKvk| †h †kÖwYi KweZvq Kwei n„`‡qi Abyf‚wZ ev GKvšÍ e¨w³MZ evmbv-Kvgbv I Avb›`-†e`bv cÖv‡Yi AšÍ Íj †_‡K Av‡eMKw¤úZ my‡i ALÐ fveg~wZ©‡Z AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡KB MxwZKweZv e‡j| êòe c`vewj Gi DrK…ó D`vniY|

783. DÏxcK I Ômvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi MxwZKweZvq cÖKvk cvq i. Kwe n„`‡qi Abyf‚wZ ii. mgv‡Ri mgm¨v iii. c„w_exi mgm¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 784. DÏxcK I Ômvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖeÜ

Abyhvqx MxwZKweZvi wb`k©b †KvbwU? K gnvfviZ L ivgvqY M †gNbvèa o êòe c`vewj


M`¨ 15 wbqwZ ûgvq~b Avn‡g`



785. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` KLb Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1938 mv‡ji 13B b‡f¤î 1948 mv‡ji 13B b‡f¤î M 1950 mv‡ji 7B b‡f¤î N 1952 mv‡ji 13B b‡f¤î 786. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? †bÎ‡Kvbv L ewikvj M Kzwgjøv N †bvqvLvjx 787. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` †bÎ‡Kvbvi †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K jvjcyi †gvnbMÄ M wmw×iMÄ N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 788. ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì evevi bvg Kx? dqRvi ingvb Avn‡g` L AvwRRyi ingvb M wRqvDi ingvb N gwZDi ingvb 789. ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì gv‡qi bvg Kx? K Avwgbv d‡qR L d‡Zgv d‡qR Avqkv d‡qR N †mwjbv d‡qR 790. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` KZ mv‡j gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib? 1965 L 1966 M 1967 N 1968 791. KZ mv‡j ûgvq~b Avn‡g` D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib? K 1966 1967 M 1968 N 1969 792. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib †Kvb

K‡jR †_‡K? XvKv K‡jR L ewikvj K‡jR M Lyjbv K‡jR N cvebv K‡jR 793. ûgvq~b Avng` †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K mœvZK

I mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib? K ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq L Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vjq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq N Kzwóqv wek¦we`¨vjq 794. wK‡mi Rb¨ ûgvq~b Avng` †¯^”Qvq Aemi MÖnY

K‡ib? mvwnZ¨PP©v L kvixwiK Amy¯’Zv M cvweivwiK Kvi‡Y N mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y 795. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` KZ¸‡jv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib? K cÂvk L GKk M †òk yBk 796. ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì iwPZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm

†KvbwU? K k¨vgj Qvqv L P›`ªK_v k•Lbxj KvivMvi N K…òcÿ 797. ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì wbwg©Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Pjw”PÎ

†KvbwU? K bw›`Z bi‡K Av¸‡bi cikgwY M wcÖqZ‡gly N A‡qvgq 798. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` Kxfv‡e g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K moK `yN©Ubvq †K¬vb K¨vÝv‡i M eøvW K¨vÝv‡i N n„`‡iv‡M 799. ûgvq~b Avn‡g` KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 2010 mv‡ji 19†k RyjvB L 2010 mv‡ji 20†k RyjvB M 2012 mv‡ji 19†k RyjvB 2012 mv‡ji 19†k RyjvB


800. †jL‡Ki KLb A™¢yZ ¯^cœgq w`b †K‡U‡Q? ˆkk‡e L ˆK‡kv‡i M †hŠe‡b N e„× eq‡m 801. †jL‡Ki ˆkk‡ei ¯^cœgq wKQyw`b †Kv_vq †K‡U‡Q? K †gvnbM‡Ä L †bÎ‡Kvbvq M XvKv RM`‡j

802. †Kb RM`‡ji w`b¸‡jv †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q Avb›`gq g‡b n‡q‡Q?

†mLv‡b ¯‹zj †bB L †mLv‡b Sibv Av‡Q M †Ljvi eo gvV Av‡Q N A‡bK eÜy Av‡Q 803. RM`‡ji evwoi gvwjK †`k †Q‡o †Kv_vq †M‡Qb? K Av‡gwiKv L d«vÝ M BZvwj BwÛqv 804. gnvivRvi wekvj evwo‡Z †jLK‡ì GKZjvq

_vKvi eë¯’v n‡qwQj †Kb? †`vZjv Zvjve× wQj L †`vZjvq Ab¨ †jvKRb wQj M †`vZjvi Ni¸‡jv fvov wQj N †`vZjvi IVvi wmuwo †f‡½ wM‡qwQj 805. gnvivRvi †ewkfvM Ni Zvjve× †Kb? Zuvi wRwbmcÎ ivLv L KvD‡K _vK‡Z †`‡e bv M †KD hv‡Z XzK‡Z bv cv‡i N †jvKRb bv _vKvq 806. †jLK Kv‡K gnvivRvi bvg wRÁvmv K‡iwQ‡jb? gv‡K L evev‡K M †QvU PvPv‡K N †QvU gvgv‡K 807. gnvivRv †Kgb †jvK wQ‡jb? K fxiæ L mvnmx M `qvjy ÿgZvkvjx 808. gnvivRvi evwowU †Kv_vq wQj? K kn‡i L MÖv‡g M iv¯Ívi cv‡k R½‡j 809. we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ gnvivRvi evwo‡Z Kx wQj? †Rbv‡iUi L nvwZ M Iqvwks †gwkb N myBwgs cyj 810. gnvivRvi iæwPi cwiPq cvIqv hvq Kx †`‡L? wewPÎ ai‡bi eB L evwoi bKkv M QvcvLvbv N †Rbv‡iUi 811. we‡Kj¸‡jv †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q †ivgvÂKi wQj †Kb? e‡b †eov‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ L †jL‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ M cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© N dzUej †Ljvi Rb¨ 812. †jL‡Ki evevi Kuv‡a e› yK †bIqvi KviY Kx? K cÖvqB mvc †ei nq L cÖvqB wmsn †ei nq M cÖvqB nwiY †ei nq cÖvqB evN †ei nq 813. gnvivRvi êwkó¨ wn‡m‡e Kx cvIqv hvq? ÿgZvkvjx L K…cY M fxiæ N `qvjy 814. †jLK evevi m‡½ †Kvb mgq ch©šÍ R½‡j

_vK‡Zb? K mvivwU we‡Kj mÜ¨v M ivZ N ycyi 815. †jLK K¬všÍ n‡q evwo wdi‡Zb †Kb? R½‡j †NvivNywi K‡i L ev‡Ni †cQ‡b †`Š‡o M bv †L‡q †Nvivi Kvi‡Y N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 816. RM`‡j eb †_‡K Kx AvmZ? K wewPÎ cvwL L wewPÎ cï wewPÎ kã N wewPÎ mvc 817. nVvr GKw`b †jL‡Ki Kx n‡qwQj? K AÁvb n‡q wM‡qwQj L †cU e¨_v n‡qwQj M cv‡q e¨_v n‡qwQj R¡i n‡qwQj 818. R¡i †`‡L Kvi gyL ïwK‡q †Mj? K evevi L gv‡qi evev-gv‡qi N †QvU fvB‡ev‡bi 819. wb‡Pi †KvbwU RM`‡j KzL¨vZ wQj? g¨v‡jwiqv L dvB‡jwiqv M †W½y N Wvqwiqv 820. g¨v‡jwiqv GKevi KvD‡K ai‡j Kx KiZ? K m‡ZR KiZ L Avbw›`Z KiZ M c½y K‡i w`Z Rxebxkw³ cy‡ivcywi wbt‡kl K‡i w`Z

821. wK‡mi cÖwZ‡laK wn‡m‡e †jL‡Kiv KzBbvBb †L‡q‡Qb?

g¨v‡jwiqv L K‡jiv M dvB‡jwiqv N R¡i 822. †jL‡Kiv K‡e KzBbvBb †L‡q‡Qb? K kwbev‡i iweev‡i M †mvgev‡i N g½jev‡i 823. iweevi †jL‡Kiv KZ †MÖb K‡i KzBbvBb †L‡Zb? K wZb L Pvi cuvP N Qq 824. †jL‡Ki †Kvb AmyLUv †ek cQ›` n‡jv? K R¡i g¨v‡jwiqv M RwÛm N K‡jiv 825. hLb R¡i Av‡m ZLb Kx nq? K Mvb Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡i L Mig jv‡M M †Mvmj Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡i cªPÐ kxZ K‡i 826. †jL‡Ki `„wó‡Z R¡i hLb evo‡Z _v‡K ZLb Kx nq? mvg‡bi cÖwZwU wRwbm AvK…wZ‡Z †QvU n‡Z _v‡K L mvg‡bi cÖwZwU wRwbm AvK…wZ‡Z eo n‡Z _v‡K M mvg‡bi wRwbm¸‡jv Svcmv jv‡M N ï‡q _vK‡Z B”Qv K‡i 827. R¡‡ii mgq †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K wK‡mi

g‡Zv g‡b nq? K evN L wmsn M ivÿm ˆ`Z¨ 828. Ô†jL‡Ki Kv‡Q R¡‡ii Abyf‚wZ Avðh© g‡b nqÕ

ej‡Z Kx †evS? mvavi‡Yi †_‡K †jL‡Ki „wófw½MZ cv_©K¨ L R¡i Gi Av‡M KL‡bv nqwb M R¡i‡K fv‡jvev‡m e‡j N ï‡q _vK‡Z nq e‡j 829. †jLKmn Zuvi fvB-†evb‡ì R¡i Av‡m Kxfv‡e? wbqwgZ L mÜ¨vq M †gvUvgywU N mKv‡j 830. R¡i KLb Avm‡e GUv Rvbv _vKvi d‡j

†jL‡Kiv Kx KiZ? †jc-Kuv_v gywo w`‡q weQvbvq ï‡q coZ L Ilya Av‡MB †L‡q wbZ M gv_vq cvwb w`Z N †R‡M _vKZ 831. cÖwZw`b †fv‡i wZb fvB‡evb ivRevwoi

gw›`‡ii †Kv_vq e‡m _v‡K? K eviv›`vq L evB‡i PvZv‡j N Mv‡Q 832. wZb fvB-†evb †Kv_vq e‡m Mv‡q †iv` gv‡L? [Aby 1] K D‡Vv‡bi Nv‡m L N‡ii eviv›`vq gw›`‡ii PvZv‡j N êVKLvbvq 833. GB mgq †jLK‡ì m½ †`q †K? K gqbv cvwL L weovj k †e½j UvBMvi N mvc 834. †e½j UvBMvi bv‡gi KzKziwU Kv‡ì? K cv‡ki evwoi L gv÷v‡ii M †jL‡Ki gnvivRvi 835. gnvivRvi KZ¸‡jv KzKzi wQj? K cuvPUv L QqUv M mvZUv A‡bK 836. gnvivRv me KzKzi‡K wb‡Z cvi‡jI GB

KzKzi‡K wb‡Z cv‡ibwb †Kb? KzKziwU ivRevwo †Q‡o †h‡Z ivwR nqwb L KzKziwU †Luvov wQj M RvqMvi Afv‡e N Amy¯’ wQj 837. †e½j UvBMvi‡K Lvb`vwb ejv n‡qwQj †Kb? [Aby 2] Avè-Kvq`vi Rb¨ L ¯^Zš¿ êwk‡óï Rb¨ M my›ì †Pnvivi Rb¨ N eqm nIqvi Rb¨


838. KzKziwU wSgy‡Z wSgy‡Z wK‡mi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i? g„Zzï Rb¨ L LvIqvi Rb¨ M †eov‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 839. †jL‡Ki m‡½ †K wQj? †kdz I BKevj L †kdv I dviæK M BKevj I dviæK N †kdz I †kdv 840. †jL‡Ki gv Zv‡ì gvSLv‡b Kv‡K ewm‡q w`‡jb? K wblv` L bynvk kvnxb N wkjv 841. †jLK gw›`‡ii eÜ ìRvi duvK w`‡q Kx †ei

n‡Z †`L‡jb? K ARMi mvc †KD‡U mvc M MuyBmvc N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 842. †KD‡U mvcwUi Dci Suvwc‡q coj †K? K †jLK L †kdz M BKevj †e½j UvBMvi 843. wØZxq w`b KzKz‡ii Ae¯’v †Kgb n‡jv? Pvgov L‡m coj L g‡i †Mj M R¡i Avmj N nvwi‡q †Mj 844. †jL‡Ki evev KzKziwU‡K Kxfv‡e gvi‡jb? ¸wj K‡i L wcwU‡q M wel w`‡q N Av¸‡b cywo‡q 845. †jL‡Ki evev KqwU ¸wj K‡i KzKziwU‡K gvi‡jb? K GKwU yBwU M wZbwU N PviwU 846. †jL‡Ki evev KzKziwU‡K †g‡iwQ‡jb †Kb? K MwjZ gvs‡mi `yM©Ü Avm‡Q e‡j L KzKziwU me Lvevi †L‡q †djZ e‡j KzKz‡ii Kó mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i N gvbyl‡K KvgovZ e‡j 847. †Q‡ji Rxeb iÿv K‡i‡Q| Zvic‡iI

KzKziwU‡K †jL‡Ki evev †g‡i Kx ej‡jb? G‡K ewj wbqwZ L cv‡ci kvw¯Í M DcKv‡ii cyi¯‹vi N yN©Ubv 848. Pviw`‡K Nb AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Kx WvK‡Q? ZÿK L †cuPv M KvK N e¨vO 849. evwoi Pvicv‡k wK‡mi e‡b nvIqv †j‡M wewPÎ

kã DV‡Q? K euvk e‡b Avg e‡b M KuvVvj e‡b N wjPz e‡b


850. A™¢yZ k‡ãi A_© Kx? PgrKvi L KzkÖx M fqsKi N exfrm 851. Av‡ek ej‡Z Kx †evS? fvev‡eM L fv‡jvevmv M GK ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv N QÙ‡ek 852. ZÿK k‡ãi A_© Kx? GK ai‡bi welai mvc L KzKzi M wUKwUwK N cvwL


853. ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K ÔwbqwZÕ bvgK MíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q?

K Avgvi ˆkke Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv M RM`‡ji †mB w`b¸wj N †mB KzKziwU


854. ¯‹zj †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q hš¿Yv`vqK wQj i. eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿvc×wZi Kvi‡Y ii. `yóz eÜy‡ì Kvi‡Y iii. wkÿK‡ì kvw¯Íi Kvi‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

i L i I ii M i I iii N iii

855. RM`j †jLK‡K hv w`‡q‡Q i. gyw³i gnvb›` ii. UvKv-cqmv iii. ¯^cœgq w`b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii i I iii N i, ii I iii 856. gnvivRv m¤ú‡K© ejv hvq wZwb

i. ÿgZvkvjx wQ‡jb ii. abx wQ‡jb iii. iæwPevb wQ‡jb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M iii i, ii I iii 857. †jLK I Zuvi evevi e‡b hvIqvi KviY

i. †eov‡bv ii. wkKvi iii. Qwe †Zvjv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

i L ii M iii N i I iii 858. g¨v‡jwiqv hv Ki‡Z cv‡i

i. †g‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i ii. Amy¯’ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i iii. kix‡i R¡i Avb‡Z cv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii i, ii I iii 859. †jL‡Ki wek¦vm wQj g¨v‡jwiqv ai‡e bv

i. cÖwZ iweev‡i KzBbvBb †L‡qwQ‡jb e‡j ii. ev‡qv‡KwgK Ilya †L‡qwQ‡jb iii. g¨v‡jwiqv GKevi Zvi n‡qwQj e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii i I ii N i, ii I iii 860. g¨v‡jwiqv AmyLUv †jL‡Ki cQ›` nq

i. kx‡Zi Rb¨ kix‡i Av‡ek m„wó ii. R¡i evo‡j cÖwZwU wRwbm AvK…wZ‡Z †QvU g‡b nq iii. wb‡R‡K ˆ`Zï g‡Zv jv‡M wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M iii i, ii I iii 861. KzKziwU ivRevwo †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvqwb

i. evwoi Uv‡b ii. ivRevwoi gvqv‡Z iii. †jL‡Ki Kvi‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii i I ii N iii 862. RM`‡ji evwo‡Z mvc wQj †h Kvi‡Y

i. R½‡ji g‡a¨ nIqvq ii. evwowU cwiZ¨³ wQj e‡j iii. gnvivRv mvc cyl‡Zb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii i I ii N iii 863. KzKz‡ii Avè-Kvq`v fv‡jv wQj

i. gnvivRvi evwo‡Z cvwjZ e‡j ii. es‡ki Kvi‡Y iii. R½‡ji cv‡k _vKvi Kvi‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

i L ii M i I ii N iii 864. kvnxb‡K euvPv‡Z †e½j UvBMv‡ii Ae`vb

i. KzKziUv mv‡ci Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o‡Q ii. KzKziUv mv‡ci dYv Kvg‡o wQu‡o †d‡j‡Q iii. wb‡R mv‡ci Kvgo †L‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M i I ii i, ii I iii

865. kvnx‡bi mvc †`‡L Avb‡›ì mxgv †bB i. mvc welv³ GUv †ev‡S bv ii. eq‡m A‡bK †QvU iii. kvnx‡bi †cvlv mvc e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii i I ii N iii

866. †jL‡Ki evev ¸wj K‡i KzKziwU‡K nZ¨v K‡i hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³ w`‡jb, Zv‡Z g‡b nq wZwb i. wbôzi ii. ci`ytLKvZi iii. cï‡cÖgx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i ii I iii M iii N i I ii 867. †jL‡Ki evev KzKzi‡K nZ¨v Kivi Kvi‡Y

†jLK iv‡M, `yt‡L, Awfgv‡b fvZ bv †L‡q ï‡q c‡owQ‡jb| GUv cÖgvY K‡i i. †jLK KzKzi‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zb ii. DcKv‡ii cyi¯‹vi g„Zz¨ †jLK Zv gvb‡Z

cv‡ibwb iii. †jLK wbR nv‡Z gvi‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii i I ii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 868 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Kvgv‡ji wcÖq KeyZi ÔivRvÕ wd‡i G‡j †m Avb‡›`

UMeM Ki‡Z _v‡K| ivRvi Rb¨ b~cyi wK‡b Avb‡e, my›ì evmv ˆZwi Ki‡e G K_v fve‡Z fve‡Z †m iv‡Z Nywg‡q hvq| wPrKvi †PuPv‡gwP‡Z Nyg fvO‡j †`Š‡o wM‡q †`‡L D‡Vv‡b †Qvc †Qvc i³ Avi cvjK| Zvi ivRv †Kv_vI †bB| welYœ `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q _v‡K †m w`‡K| [Aby 3]

868. DÏxc‡Ki ivRv ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa Zv n‡jv

K †KD‡U mvc †e½j UvBMvi M ZÿK N ˆ`Z¨ DÏxcKwU c‡o 869 †_‡K 871bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : MÖx‡®§i QywU‡Z wccjy bvbv evwo hvq| mvivw`b

ˆn‰P, †Ljvayjv, b`x‡Z †Mvmj, gvQ aiv wewfbœ gRv K‡i mgq cvi K‡i‡Q| QywU †kl nIqvq ¯‹zj ïiæ n‡q hvIqv‡Z wccjyi g‡b n‡jv GZw`b Kx Avb‡›` w`b KvUj| ¯‹zj ïiæ nIqv‡Z Avevi hš¿Yv ïiæ|

869. DÏxc‡Ki wccjyi m‡½ ÔwbqwZÕ iPbvi †jL‡Ki mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq?

¯‹zj hš¿Yvi L gvQ aiv M †Ljvayjv N ˆn‰P 870. DÏxc‡K wccjy I ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi †jL‡Ki mgq

†K‡U‡Q Kxfv‡e? Avb‡›` L yt‡L M e¨_v †c‡q N eKzwb ï‡b 871. DÏxc‡Ki wcjyi KvUv‡bv gyn~‡Z©i m‡½ M‡íi

†jL‡Ki Awgj n‡jv i. b`x‡Z †Mvmj Kiv ii. e‡b †eov‡Z hvIqv iii. gvQ aiv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 872 I 873bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †QvU‡bi †cvlv weov‡ji bvg gw›U| gw›U‡K evwoi

mevB Lye Avì K‡i| †QvU‡bi gv gw›U‡K mgqg‡Zv Lvevi †`q| gw›U evwoi Bu`yi¸‡jv †L‡q †QvUb‡ì DcKvi K‡i| gw›U eq‡mi fv‡i GKmgq gviv †M‡j †QvUb Lye Kó cvq|

872. DÏxc‡Ki weov‡ji m‡½ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi KzKz‡ii wgj †Kv_vq?

DcKvwiZvq L Lvb`vwb Pv‡j M AjmZvq N wnsmÖZvq 873. DÏxc‡Ki †QvU‡bi gv‡qi m‡½ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi

†jL‡Ki gv‡qi mv`„k¨ n‡jv i. cÖvYxi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva ii. cÖvYxi cÖwZ wei³ iii. `yR‡bB cÖvYx‡K cÖkÖq †`b

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii


KweZv 01 e½evYx Ave`yj nvwKg


Kwe cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 195

874. cvVëB‡q Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi †h Rš§ZvwiL

†Ìqv Av‡Q Zv Kx ai‡bi? K mwVK k AvbygvwbK M Z_¨c~Y© N mwVK bq 875. Ave`yj nvwKg KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K AvbygvwbK 1720 wLªóv‡ã L AvbygvwbK 1260 wLªóv‡ã k AvbygvwbK 1620 wLªóv‡ã N AvbygvwbK 1660 wLªóv‡ã 876. m›Øx‡ci myavivgcyi MÖv‡g †Kvb Kwe Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K Kvq‡Kvev` L Avnmvb nvexe k Ave yj nvwKg N diiæL Avng` 877. Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi Rš§¯’vb †Kv_vq? K †Kkecy‡ii mvMiùvwo‡Z L bv‡Uv‡ii AvwRgbM‡i M †Kkecy‡ii cuvwRqvq k m›Øx‡ci myavivgcy‡i 878. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb kZ‡K iwPZ n‡q‡Q? K ga¨hy‡M L †lvok kZ‡K k mß`k kZ‡K N Ebwesk kZ‡K 879. Ave`yj nvwKg †Kvb hy‡Mi Kwe? K cÖvK-ga¨hy‡Mi k ga¨hy‡Mi M AvaywbK hy‡Mi N ga¨hyM cieZx© 880. Ave`yj nvwKg †K wQ‡jb? k mß`k kZ‡Ki GKRb cÖL¨vZ Kwe L AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Zï cy‡ivav M †lvok kZ‡Ki Ab¨Zg wewkó †jLK N Agi K_vmvwnwZ¨K 881. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei †Kgb

Abyf‚wZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? K ye©vi †ÿv‡fi Abyf‚wZ L Pvcv Av‡µv‡ki Abyf‚wZ k Abb¨ gg‡Z¡i Abyf‚wZ N Amnbxq weiw³fve

882. ga¨hy‡Mi †Kvb Kwe gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi †ÿ‡Î cieZx© cÖR‡š§i Rb¨ KvjRqx Av`k©?

K kvn gyn¤§` mMxi L AvjvIj M Ck¦iP›`ª ¸ß k Ave yj nvwKg 883. ÔBDmyd †Rv‡jLvÕ Kx? K Ave yj nvwK‡gi Dcb¨vm L †`ŠjZ KvRxi Kve¨ M AvjvI‡ji Kve¨ k Ave yj nvwK‡gi Kve¨MÖš’ 884. ÔjvjgwZÕ Kvi †jLv Kve¨MÖš’? K kvnv`vr †nv‡m‡bi L mywdqv Kvgv‡ji k Ave yj nvwK‡gi N KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi 885. ÔjvjgwZ I mqdzjgyjKÕ Kx? k Ave yj nvwK‡gi Kve¨MÖš’ L Avj gvn&gy‡ì Dcb¨vm M kvn gyn¤§` mMx‡ii Kve¨MÖš’ N diiæL Avng‡ì Kve¨MÖš’ 886. Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg iwPZ Kve¨ bq †KvbwU? k i³ivM L jvjgwZ M Kvievjv N knibvgv 887. ÔknibvgvÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? K Kve¨bvU¨ k Kve¨MÖš’ M †QvUMí N Dcb¨vm

888. wb‡Pi †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’wU Ave`yj nvwK‡gi iPbv? k knibvgv L cv‡Äwi M eLwZqv‡ii †Nvov N D™¢U D‡Ui wc‡V P‡j‡Q ¯^‡`k 889. †Kvb Kwei KweZvq Zuvi Abycg e¨w³‡Z¡i

cwiPq †g‡j? K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L Kvq‡Kvev` k Ave yj nvwKg N Ave yj Kvwì 890. Kwe Avãyj nvwK‡gi KweZvq †KvbwUi cwiPq †g‡j? k Abycg e¨w³‡Z¡i L Abycg Q‡›ì M PgrKvi Dcgvi N my›ì MwZgqZvi 891. KZ wLªóv‡ã Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 1990 wLªóv‡ã L 1790 wLªóv‡ã k 1690 wLªóv‡ã N 1890 wLªóv‡ã

g~jcvVcvVëB; c„ôv 195

892. Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg Kv‡ì Amyweavi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i KveïPbv K‡ib?

K Kwe‡ì k hv‡ì eBcÎ covi Af¨vm †bB M Kwewe‡ivax‡ì N evsjv fvlv AeÁvKvix‡ì 893. Ô†m m‡e Kwnj †gv‡Z g‡b nvwejvlÕ GLv‡b

ÔnvwejvlÕ A_© Kx? K AwfRvZ L wejvm k Awfjvl N ytL 894. Ô†m m‡e Kwnj †gv‡ZÕ evK¨vs‡ki fvev_©

wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mg_©b Kiv hvq? K †m Avgv‡K mewKQy ejj k Zviv mevB Avgv‡K ejj M Zviv mevB A‡bK wKQy ejj N †m Avgv‡K mewKQy ejj 895. †`kx fv‡l eywS‡Z jjv‡U cy‡i fvM GLv‡b

ÔfvMÕ A_© Kx? K Ask L fvwM`vi k fvM¨ N cvIbv`vi 896. ÔAviwe dviwm wn‡›` bvB `yB gZÕ jvBbwU‡Z

Kwei †Kvb g‡bvfve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K ïay gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM k me fvlvi cÖwZ kÖ×v M evsjv fvlvi DrcwË N we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ AvKl©Y 897. ÔAvjøv bexi wQdZÕ Gi A_© n‡jv k Avjøvn I bwei ¸YKxZ©b L Avjøvn I bwei fvlv M Avjøvn I bwei Kvh©µg N Avjøvn I bwei kc_ 898. Avjøvn †Kvb fvlv †ev‡Sb e‡j Ôe½evYxÕ

KweZvq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q? K Bs‡iwR L Aviwe M dviwm k me fvlv 899. †`wk fvlvq Kve¨ iPbv Kivi †cQ‡b Kwe

Ave`yj nvwK‡gi hyw³ n‡jv, †`wk fvlv k Rbmvavi‡Yi †evaMg¨ L mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ DcKvix M wkÿvi gva¨g wn‡m‡e †ewk Dc‡hvMx N cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wcÖq fvlv 900. Ôe½‡`kx evK¨Õ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? k evsjv fvlv L cÖvPxb e½xq fvlv M gvZ…fvlv N we‡`wk fvlv

901. ÔhZ BwZ evYxÕ ej‡Z Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?

K Ab¨ GKwU fvlv L gvZ…fvlv M evsjv fvlv k Ab¨vb¨ hZ fvlv 902. Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg Ôwn›`yi AÿiÕ ej‡Z Kx

†evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? K ms¯‹…Z fvlv L †è‡èxi gvnvZ¥¨ K_v k evsjv fvlv N wnw›` fvlv 903. Ôwn›`yi AÿiÕ wnsmv K‡i Kviv? K hviv giwg mvabv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ L hviv wb‡Ri †`k‡K fv‡jvev‡m M hviv gvZ…fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i k gvid‡Z Ávbnxbiv 904. Ôwn›`yi Aÿ‡i wns‡m †m m‡ei MYÕ Ôe½evYxÕ

KweZvq Kwe Kv‡ì m¤ú‡K© G gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb? k hviv giwg mvabv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ bq L hviv wb‡Ri †`k‡K fv‡jvev‡m bv M hviv wKZve co‡Z Rv‡b bv N hviv gvZ…fvlv‡K fv‡jvev‡m bv 905. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi cÖavb evnb n‡jv K wbiÄb L gvidZ k gvZ…fvlv N Avb›` 906. Ô†m me Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b RvwbÕ Kwe Ave`yj

nvwKg Kv‡ì m¤ú‡K© G Dw³ K‡i‡Qb? [Aby-2] K wbR †`k Z¨vM K‡i hviv we‡`‡k hvq o evsjv‡`‡k hviv evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv K‡i M †`kx fvlvq we`¨v jvf K‡i †h Z…ß bq N hviv evsjv‡K wn› yqvbx fvlv e‡j g‡b K‡i 907. ÔwbR †`k †ZqvMx †Kb we‡`k b hvqÕ GLv‡b

Ô†ZqvMxÕ A_© k Z¨vM K‡i L fv‡jv‡e‡m M ytL K‡i N ˆZwi K‡i 908. ÒwbR †`k †ZqvMx †Kb we‡`k b hvq|ÓÑ Kwe

Kv‡ì we‡`k †h‡Z e‡j‡Qb? k gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ hv‡ì AbyivM †bB L hv‡ì wKZve covi Af¨vm †bB M hv‡ì gvidZ‡f‡` Ávb †bB N hv‡ì Aviwe-dviwm fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM †bB 909. evsjv fvlvi AeÁvKvix‡K Kwe †Kv_vq P‡j

†h‡Z e‡j‡Qb? K `xcvšÍ‡i L †RjLvbvq k we‡`‡k L Avi‡e 910. ÔgvZv wcZvgn µ‡g e‡½Z emwZÕ cO&w³wUi gv‡b K evsjv‡`k Avgv‡ì gvZ…f‚wg L evsjv‡`k Avgv‡ì wcZvgvZvi Rš§f‚wg k eskvbyµ‡g evsjv‡`‡k Avgv‡ì emwZ N evsjv‡`‡k Avgv‡ì emwZ 911. eskvbyµ‡g Kwei evsjv‡`‡k emev‡mi wPÎwU

dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g? k gvZv wcZvgn µ‡g e‡½Z emwZ L †`kx fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZ M †mme Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b Rvwb N †m m‡e Kwnj †gv‡Z g‡b nvwejvl 912. Kv‡ì Rb¨ evsjv fvlvi †P‡q wnZKi e‡j wKQz

n‡Z cv‡i bv? K mªóvi L Aviwe I dviwmfvlx‡ì k evsjv hv‡ì gvZ…fvlv N me fvlvi gvby‡li 913. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †kl PiY †KvbwU? [Aby-1] o †`wk fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZ L wbR †`k †ZqvMx †Kb we‡`k b hvq M e½‡`kx evK¨ wKev hZ BwZ evYx N †m me Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b Rvwb

KweZv 12wU eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ _vK‡e; cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœiB DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 112 = 12



914. ÔwQdZÕ †Kvb fvlvi kã? K evsjv k Aviwe M dviwm N Bs‡iwR 915. ÔwQdZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K bwmnZ k ¸Y M †`vl N êwkó¨ 916. Ô†mB evK¨ ey‡S cÖfz Av‡c wbiÄb|Õ G

ev‡K¨ ÔwbiÄbÕ kãwU Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q? K my›ì k m„wóKZ©v M KzkÖx N B”Qv 917. ÔgvidZÕ kãwUi A_© Kx? k giwg mvabv L ewjô KÉ M mij c_ N msKxY©‡PZv


918. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi iPwqZvi bvg Kx? K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg k Ave`yj

nvwKg M kvn gyn¤§` mMxi N gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë 919. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K msKjb Kiv

n‡q‡Q? K bmxnrbvgv k b~ibvgv M †mKv›`vibvgv N cÙveZx 920. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb kZ‡K iwPZ nq? K cÂ`k kZ‡K L †lvok kZ‡K k mß`k kZ‡K N Aóv`k kZ‡K 921. KweZvi cÖavb evnb Kx? k fve L fvlv M wPÎKí N welqe¯Íy 922. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe wK‡mi RqMvb †M‡q‡Qb? K Kzms¯‹v‡ii k gvZ…fvlvi M ag©cÖvY gymjgv‡bi N wbh©vwZZ cwiev‡ii 923. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe †Kvb fvlvi ¸YKxZ©b

K‡i‡Qb? k evsjv fvlvi L Bs‡iwR fvlvi M Aviwe fvlvi N dviwm fvlvi 924. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Aviwe-dviwm fvlvi cÖwZ

Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi g‡bvfve †Kgb? k mnbkxj L weivMc~Y© M we‡Ølc~Y© N weiƒc 925. †Kvb fvlv mevi cÖavb Aej¤^b nIqv DwPZ? K Aviwe fvlv L wnw›` fvlv M evsjv fvlv k gvZ…fvlv 926. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gg©K_v wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi

†KvbwU mg_©b‡hvM¨? K we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva L †`wk fvlvi cÖwZ †ÿvf k gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ ggZv N we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ we‡Øl 927. Kwe Kv‡ì R‡š§i cÖwZ mw›`nvb? k G‡`‡k R‡š§I hviv evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv K‡i L hviv ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwb M hviv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b Ask †bqwb N hviv †Kv‡bv ag© gv‡b bv 928. Kwe Ave yj nvwKg Kv‡ì cÖwZ Zxeª †ÿvf

cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb? K hviv evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡j bv L hviv evsjv fvlvq wKZve c‡o bv k hviv wbR fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ msKxY©‡PZv N hviv Ab¨ fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ AvK…ó 929. ¯^‡`‡k †_‡KI hviv ¯^‡`‡ki fvlvi cÖwZ

AeÁv †`Lvq Zviv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ K †`k‡cÖwgK k wkKowenxb ciMvQv M RvwZ‡cÖwgK N †Lv`v‡cÖwgK 930. evsjvq Rš§MÖnY K‡i hviv evsjv fvlv‡K

AeÁv K‡i Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg Zv‡ì Kx wb‡q m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb?

K eskcwiPq k Rš§cwiPq M esk I AvwfRvZ¨ N AvwfRvZ¨ I cwiPq

931. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq Kx? K mvaviY gvby‡li cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv L Aviwe-dviwm fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM M ¯^‡`‡ki HwZ‡nï cÖwZ AvKl©Y k ¯^‡`k I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM


932. Kwe †h fvlv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †`L‡Z cvb bv i. Aviwe ii. dviwm iii. wnw›`

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I iii L ii I iii M i I ii k i, ii I iii 933. †h m‡e e‡½Z Rwš§ wns‡m e½evYxÕ Zviv

i. AK…ZÁ ii. AÁvZKzjkxj iii. Rš§-cwiPqnxb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii k ii I iii N i, ii I iii

934. evsjv fvlvwe‡Ølx‡ì eskcwiPq m¤ú‡K© Kwe i. we¯§q cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb ii. fr©mbv K‡i‡Qb iii. wa°vi w`‡q‡Qb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii k ii I iii N i, ii I iii 935. †`wk fvlv we`¨v hvi g‡b b Ryqvq `y» †mªv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg ¯Í‡b evsjvi gvwU KZ fv‡jvevwm

DÏxc‡Ki cO&w³Î‡q wgj cvIqv hvq i. fvlvcÖxwZ‡Z ii. cÖK…wZcÖxwZ‡Z iii. ¯^‡`kcÖxwZ‡Z

†KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M iii k i, ii I iii

936. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq †hme fvlvi D‡jøL Av‡Q i. Aviwe, dviwm ii. wmsnwj, ms¯‹…Z iii. Bs‡iwR, wnw›`

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i L i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii

937. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq i. †`wk fvlvi cÖwZ ggZ¡ cÖKvk ii. evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ ggZ¡ cÖKvk iii. mKj fvlvi cÖwZ ggZ¡ cÖKvk

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii k i I ii 938. Kwe Ave yj nvwK‡gi gvZ…fvlv‡cÖ‡gi m‡½

Zzjbv Kiv hvq i. iwdK, mvjvg I eiKZ‡K ii. Avmv`, gwZDi I iæûj Avwgb‡K iii. me kwn` eyw×Rxex‡K

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i L ii M iii N i I iii

Awf®² Z^ÅwfwîK eüwbeÆvPwb cÉGk²vîi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 939 I 940bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Aóg †kÖwY‡Z e„wË cvIqvq evev Lywk n‡q

†iwWI‡Z Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨ wmdvZ‡K GKwU †gvevBj †mU wK‡b w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ `yw`b ev‡`B †m gb Lvivc K‡i †mUUv evev‡K †diZ w`j| KviY FM P¨v‡bj¸‡jv‡Z bvwK Dc¯’vcKiv evsjv fvlv‡K B‡”Qg‡Zv weK…Z K‡i D”PviY K‡i Avi Bs‡iwR fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi AbyivM †`Lvq| wmdv‡Zi GUv fv‡jv jv‡M bv| [Aby 3-4]

939. wmdv‡Zi gb Lvivc Kivi ga¨ w`‡q Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ave`yj nvwK‡gi †h Abyf‚wZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv i. gvZ…fvlvcÖxwZ ii. evsjv fvlvcÖxwZ iii. Bs‡iwR we‡Øl

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 940. D³ Abyf‚wZi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q †Kvb Pi‡Y? K †`kx fv‡l eywS‡Z jjv‡U cy‡i fvM L †mB evK¨ ey‡S cÖfz Av‡c wbiÄb o †`kx fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZ N e½‡`kx evK¨ wKev hZ BwZ evYx DÏxcKwU c‡o 941 I 942bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gvnv`x L¨vZbvgv Bswjk wgwWqvg ¯‹z‡j c‡o|

†QvU †evb dvwinv co‡Q evsjv wgwWqv‡g| wb‡Ri wgwWqv‡gi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv †_‡K gv‡Sg‡a¨B dvwinv‡K covïbv wb‡q bvK wmUKvq gvnv`x|

941. gvnv`x Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kv‡ì cÖwZwbwa? k gvZ…fvlvwe‡Ølx‡ì L gvidZ Ávbnxb‡ì M kv¯¿Ávbnxb‡ì N †evakw³nxb‡ì 942. D³ e¨w³‡ì wel‡q Ave yj nvwK‡gi

AwfgZ i. Zviv †hb †`k †Q‡o we‡`k P‡j hvq ii. Zv‡ì Rš§cwiPq wbY©q Kiv hvq bv iii. Zv‡ì Av`k© Z¨vM Kiv DwPZ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii k i I ii DÏxcKwU c‡o 943 I 944bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gvZ…fvlv‡K AeÁv Kiv Mwn©Z AvPiY e‡j

we‡eP¨| hviv Zv K‡i Zv‡ì †`kZ¨vM KivB KZ©e¨| KviY Zviv ciMvQviB bvgvšÍi|

943. D×…Zvs‡k Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq wea„Z gvZ…fvlvi dz‡U IVv w`KwU n‡jv

k ¸iæZ¡ L AvwfRvZ¨ M Ae`vb N Av‡e`b 944. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ fv‡ei m†½ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi

mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q? K n„`q Avgvi evsjvi jvwM †h †`‡kB _vwK m`v _v‡K RvwM L evsjvi Mí evsjvi MxZ, ïwb‡j G wPË m`v we‡gvwnZv k evsjvi Kve¨, evsjvi fvlv, wgUvq Avgvi cÖv‡Yi wccvmv| N evOvwji m‡b wg‡k cÖv‡Y cÖv‡Y _vwKe mZZ Rxe‡b gi‡Y| DÏxcKwU c‡o 945 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : evsjv Avgv‡ì gvZ…f‚wg| gvZ…fvlv‡K AšÍ‡i jvjb

K‡i ¯^‡`k I ¯^fvlvi cÖwZ ggZv cÖ`k©‡bi g‡a¨B Avgv‡ì RvZxq cwiPq AšÍwb©wnZ| hviv evsjvq Rš§MÖnY K‡iI evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ Aby`vi Zv‡ì eskcwiPq m¤ú‡K© †bwZevPK aviYv R‡š§|

945. DwjøwLZ AskUzKz †Kvb KweZvi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z? k e½evYx L K‡cvZvÿ b` M kwn` ¯§i‡Y N ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg DÏxcKwU c‡o 946 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : evejy Bs‡iwR gva¨‡g covïbv K‡i, †m me

wel‡qB fv‡jv b¤î AR©b Ki‡jI evsjv‡Z fv‡jv b¤î cvq bv, †m evsjv‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq †f‡e evsjv wel‡qi hZœ †bq bv|

946. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZv Aej¤^‡b evejy‡K ejv hvq i. gvidZ Ávbnxb ii. †evakw³nxb iii. gvZ…fvlvwe‡Ølx

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii k iii N i I ii


KweZv 02 K‡cvZvÿ b` gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë

cvVëB we‡kølY

mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Kwe cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 198

947. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? o 1824 mv‡j L 1842 mv‡j M 1873 mv‡j N 1837 mv‡j 948. Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Rš§¯’vb

ÔmvMiùvwoÕ MÖvgwU †Kvb †Rjvi AšÍM©Z? o h‡kvi L Kzwóqv M mvZÿxiv N Lyjbv 949. Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë KZ mv‡j wLªóag©

MÖnY K‡ib? o 1842 mv‡j L 1845 mv‡j N 1850 mv‡j N 1855 mv‡j 950. ÔwZ‡jvËgvm¤¢eÕ gaym~`‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? K bvUK o Kve¨ M cÖnmb N Dcb¨vm 951. gvB‡Kj gaym~`‡bi †jLv Kve¨ †KvbwU? K exiv½bv Kve¨ L kwg©ôv bvUK o †gNbvèa Kve¨ N eªRv½bv Kve¨

952. ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ gaym~`‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv?

K bvUK o cÖnmb M Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ 953. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ m‡b‡Ui cÖeZ©b †K K‡ib? o gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq M iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi N wenvixjvj PµeZ©x 954. KZ mv‡j gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib? K 1883 mv‡j o 1873 mv‡j M 1876 mv‡j N 1886 mv‡j


955. ÔmZZ, †n b`, Zywg co †gvi g‡b!Õ Kwei †Kvb b‡ì K_v g‡b c‡o?

K eªþcyÎ L Ki‡Zvqv M †gNbv o K‡cvZvÿ

956. ÔmZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡jÕ Kwe Kvi K_v e‡j‡Qb?

o K‡cvZvÿ b` L mvMiùvwo MÖvg M gvZ…f‚wg N e½R Rb 957. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq fz‡ji Rb¨ Kwei AbyZvc

dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g? o RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b L eû †`‡k †`wLqvwQ eû b`-`‡j M wKšÍy G †mœ‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡j N Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?

958. ÔåvwšÍi Qj‡bÕ A_© Kx? o fz‡ji Qjbvq L Avkvi Qjbvq M cvIqvi Qjbvq N nvivevi fq 959. Ô†hgwZ †jvK wbkvi ¯c‡b †kv‡b gvqv-gš¿aŸwb|Õ GB

cO&w³i mv‡_ Kweg‡bi msMwZc~Y© fvewU n‡jv K y»-†mªv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯Í‡b L eû †`‡k †`wLqvwQ eû b`-`‡j o Ze KjK‡j RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b N mZZ, †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b 960. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K Kwe gvB‡Kj

gaym~`b `‡Ëi †mœ‡ni Z…òv wg‡U wK‡mi gva¨‡g? K †gNbv b`xi R‡j o K‡cvZvÿ b‡ì R‡j M cÙvb`xi R‡j N hgybv b`xi R‡j

961. ÒAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?Ó Ñ Kwe Kvi mv‡_ †`Lv nIqvi evmbv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb?

K gvZ…f‚wg o K‡cvZvÿ b` M eÜy-evÜe N wcZv-gvZv 962. ÔGKvšÍ wbwiwewjÕ †evSv‡Z ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ

KweZvq Kwe †Kvb kãwU eënvi K‡i‡Qb? K Qj‡b o wei‡j M †hgwZ N mZZ 963. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe gv‡qi `y‡ai mv‡_

Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb o K‡cvZv‡ÿi Rj‡K L M½vi Rj‡K M Kwei AkÖæ‡K N ¯^‡`‡ki †cÖgim‡K 964. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe ¯§„wZKvZi n‡q‡Qb †Kb? K evj¨Rxe‡bi `yišÍcbv g‡b K‡i L ˆkk‡ei ewY©j w`‡bi K_v g‡b K‡i M KjKvZvi eÜy‡ì K_v g‡b K‡i o wbR MÖv‡gi K‡cvZvÿ b‡ì K_v g‡b K‡i


965. Ôm‡bUÕ-Gi ï× Bs‡iwR evbvb †KvbwU? o Sonnet L Sounet M Sownnet N Swonet

966. 'Sestet'-Gi evsjv iƒc n‡jv K AóK o lUK M AšÍ¨wgj N wÎc`xKv 967. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq cÖRv ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K? K mgy`ª‡K o K‡cvZvÿ b`‡K M e½R Rb‡K N wek¦evmx‡K 968. K‡cvZvÿ b` cÖRv wn‡m‡e ivRviƒ‡c Kv‡K Ki †`q? A_ev, ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kv‡K ÔivRÕ iƒ‡c Kíbv Kiv

n‡q‡Q? K Kwe‡K L Kwei Rš§f‚wg‡K o mvMi‡K N MÖvgxY cÖK…wZ‡K 969. m‡b‡Ui êwkó¨ Kx? K AvU PiY, †PŠÏ gvÎv o †PŠÏ PiY, †PŠÏ gvÎv M AvU PiY, AvU gvÎv N Qq PiY, Qq gvÎv


970. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ †Kvb RvZxq KweZv? o m‡bU L MxwZKweZv M cqvi N wj‡gwiK 971. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvwU gvB‡Kj gaym~`b

`‡Ëi †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q? K exiv½bv L eªRv½bv o PZy`©kc`x KweZvewj N †gNbvèa Kve¨ 972. †Kvb KweZvq Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y

Zuvi †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? K wZZvm o K‡cvZvÿ b` M evsjv Avgvi N ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg 973. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei Kx cwiPq

cvIqv hvq? K b`x‡cÖ‡gi L wbmM©cÖxwZi M cÖK…wZi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡ev‡ai o ¯§„wZKvZiZv 974. †Kv_vq emevmKv‡j Kwei g‡b Rš§f‚wgi

†e`bvweayi ¯§„wZ †R‡M I‡V? K KjKvZvq L hy³iv‡R¨ o d«v‡Ý N gv`ªv‡R


975. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq wb¤œwjwLZ kã cvIqv

hvq i. evwi-iƒc, ivRiƒc ii. e½R, wgbwZ iii. Kvgiƒc, wbwkiƒc

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i o i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii 976. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei mxgvnxb

†`k‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q wb‡Pi †h cO&w³‡Z i. mZZ, †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b ii. `y»-†mªv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯Í‡b iii. jB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i msMx‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i o ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

977. ÔwKš‘ G †mœ‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡jÕ? G Dw³‡Z Kwei †Kvb fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? [Aby. 2] i. ggZv ii. AbyivM iii. åvwšÍ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii [we. `ª. K I L ywUB mwVK DËi]


DÏxcKwU c‡o 978 I 979bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cÖevm Rxe‡b dv÷dz‡Wi †`vKv‡b KZ Lvevi †L‡qwQ Avwg Rxe‡b|

gv‡qi nv‡Zi wcVvi K_v fzwj Avwg †Kg‡b? [Aby. 3-4]

978. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU

DÏxcKwU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K myL ¯§„wZi Abycg wPÎvqY

L iwOb Kíbvi wb`k©b

M KóKi ¯§„wZi KvZiZv

o †mœnv`‡ii KvZiZv

979. Aby‡”Q`wUi g~j e³e¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡j|

L RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b|

o G †mœ‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡j?

N Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv|

DÏxcKwU c‡o 980 I 981bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

ÒKwd nvD‡Ri †mB AvÇvUv AvR Avi †bB AvR Avi †bB,

†Kv_vq nvwi‡q †Mj †mvbvwj we‡Kj¸‡jv †mB AvR Avi †bB|Ó 980. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv Abyf‚wZ wb‡Pi †Kvb iPbvi

mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? K mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b o K‡cvZvÿ b` M QywU N evsjvi gyL 981. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡K

DwjøwLZ mv`„k¨c~Y© Abyf‚wZ‡Z wgj i‡q‡Q i. †`k‡cÖg ii. ¯§„wZKvZiZv iii. †mœnKvZiZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i o ii M i I ii N i I iii


KweZv 03 Rxeb-m½xZ †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq

cvVëB we‡kølY

mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Kwe cwiwPwZcvVÅeB; c†Ó¤v 201

982. †ngP› ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †Kvb †Rjvq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K ea©gvb L PweŸk ciMbv o ûMwj N b`xqv 983. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi cov‡kvbv eÜ n‡q hvq †Kb? o Avw_©K msK‡U L hy‡×i Kvi‡Y M †dj Kivq N Awb”Qvi Kvi‡Y 984. Ôe„ÎmsnviÕ Kx RvZxq Kve¨? K MxwZKve¨ L KvwnwbKve¨ M cÎKve¨ o gnvKve¨ 985. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq KZ wLªóv‡ã g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 1899 L 1901 o 1903 N 1905


986. Kwe Kxfv‡e Ôe„_v Rš§ G msmv‡iÕ ej‡Z eviY K‡i‡Qb?

K D”P ¯^‡i o KvZi ¯^‡i M †Ku‡` †Ku‡` N †gŠbfv‡e 987. Kwe Kx ej‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb? K gvbyl gnxqvb L mv_©K Rš§ G msmv‡i o e„_v Rš§ G msmv‡i N gvbyl Agi 988. ÔI‡n Rxe K‡iv bv µ›`b|Õ GLv‡b ÔRxeÕ n‡jv K cÖvYx o gvbyl M cïcvwL N cyiæl 989. ÔGgb cv‡e bv AviÕ GLv‡b Kx bv cvIqvi

K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K cig myL L wbg©j ivqy o gvbe Rbg N wbg©j c„w_ex 990. my‡Li Avkv Ki‡j ci‡Z nq K dz‡ji gvjv o `yt‡Li duvm M Avb‡›ì gvjv N my‡Li duvm 991. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K msmv‡i Kx

mvR‡Z e‡j‡Qb? K êivMx L KZ©v M †bZv o msmvix 992. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe mnvq m¤ú`‡K

e‡j‡Qb K g~jëvb L wPi¯’vqx o ÿwY‡Ki N cÖ‡qvRbxq e¯‘ 993. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Avqy‡K †KvbwUi mv‡_

Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb? [Aby. 1] K b`xi Rj L cyKz‡ii Rj o ˆkev‡ji bxi N dwUK Rj 994. Kwe Ômsmvi mgiv½bÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? [Aby. 2] K hy×‡ÿÎ‡K o Rxebhy×‡K M cÖwZ‡iva hy×‡K N Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K

995. Ôf‡q fxZ nBI bv gvbe|Õ Kwe wK‡m fq bv cvIqvi K_v e‡j‡Qb?

K w`‡b L iv‡Z M Pjvi c‡_ o hy‡× 996. Kwe wK‡mi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z gvbyl‡K wb‡la K‡i‡Qb? K eZ©gv‡bi o fwel¨‡Zi M mg‡qi N msmv‡ii 997. ÔgnvRbÕ kãwU e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb wbq‡g MwVZ? K mwÜi o mgv‡mi M cÖK…wZ-cÖZ¨‡qi N Dcm‡M©i 998. gnvÁvbx-gnvRb‡ì KxwZ©i aŸRv a‡i Avgiv

Kx n‡Z cvwi? K mvaK L mdj M ¯§iYxq o eiYxq 999. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe †Kv_vq c`v¼

Aw¼Z K‡i Agi nIqvi Avkv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb? K msmvi mvMi Zx‡i o mgi-mvMi-Zx‡i M Rxeb mvMi Zx‡i N my‡Li mvMi Zx‡i


1000. ÔgwngvÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? K gnr L ¸iæZ¡c~Y© M AnsKvix o †MŠie 1001. gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡jv o Awbevh© L wbevh© M m¤¢vex N cÖwZ‡ivax 1002. ÔAvkÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? K Zš‘ L Auvk o Avkv N Avmv 1003. ÔNvZÕ k‡ãi wecixZ kã †KvbwU? K wbN©vZ o cÖwZNvZ M AvNvZ N AcNvZ 1004. ÔbxiÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? K Ni L evmv o cvwb N wbivc` AvkÖq


1005. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq msmv‡i-mgiv½‡b hy‡×i gva¨‡g Kwe cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb

K DbœwZi L my‡Li o gyw³i N cÖwZ‡kv‡ai 1006. wg_¨v my‡Li Kíbv Ki‡j Kx ev‡o? K myL o `ytL M Avb›` N m¤ú` 1007. êiv‡Mï mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q K Av‡jg‡ì L g~L©‡ì o evDj‡ì N wkíx‡ì 1008. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZv‡K mg_©b K‡i †Kvb kãwU? K Av`k©ev` o Kg©wbôZv M ewjôZv N cikÖxKvZiZv


1009. Rxe‡b my‡Li Avkv bv Kivi KviY i. Zv Rxe‡b `yt‡Li duvm n‡q †`Lv †`q ii. gvbeRxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Zv bq iii. my‡Li Avkv Ki‡j cÖPzi cwikÖg Ki‡Z nq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i o i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii 1010. ÔgwngvB RM‡Z `yj©fÕ G ev‡K¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q

i. RM‡Z gvnvZ¥¨ jvf eo KwVb ii. †MŠie RM‡Z eo gnvg~j¨ wRwbm iii. RM‡Z gwngv y®úÖvc¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i o i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1011. Ôexh©evbÕ kãwU ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq eën„Z n‡q‡Q

i. civµg A‡_© ii. civµgkvjx A‡_© iii. kw³kvjx A‡_© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1012. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K G c„w_ex‡K

ejv wVK n‡e bv i. ¯^‡cœi RMr ii. gvqvi RMr iii. mdjZvi RMr wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



DÏxcKwU c‡o 1013 I 1014bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ïKzi wgqv GKRb Ly‡` eëmvqx| mvgvb¨ cuywR wb‡q

eëmvq ïiæ K‡ib| cÖ_g cÖ_g jvf cvb| GK mgq Zvi eëmv‡q g›`v †`Lv †`q| G‡Z wZwb wKQyUv wePwjZ n‡q c‡ob| ZLb eÜy nv‡Zg Zv‡K „pZvi mv‡_ GwM‡q Pjvi civgk© †`b| ïKzi wgqv Zvi civgk©‡K mv`‡i MÖnY K‡ib| [Aby. 3-4]

1013. DÏxc‡Ki ïKzi wgqvi jÿ¨ Kx? K h‡kv×vi L AgiZ¡ jv‡fi AvKv•ÿv o msmvi mgiv½‡b wU‡K _vKv N eiYxq nIqv 1014. Afxó j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡Z ïKz‡ii †h ¸‡Yi

Avek¨K Zv n‡jv K mvnm L msMÖvg o AvZ¥wek¦vm N m¼í DÏxcKwU c‡o 1015 I 1016bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ÒKuvUv †nwi ÿvšÍ †Kb Kgj Zzwj‡Z `ytL webv myL jvf nq wK gnx‡Z?Ó 1015. DÏxcKwU †Zvgvi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki †Kvb iPbvi cÖZxK? K †`bvcvIbv L wbgMvQ M Avgvi mšÍvb o Rxeb-m½xZ 1016. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi wgj

cvIqv hvq i. msmvi-mgiv½b ii. msmvi-mgiv½‡b „pc‡Y hy× Ki‡Z n‡e iii. msmvi-mgiv½‡bi hy‡× fxZ nIqv hv‡e bv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii o i, ii I iii

KweZv 04 RyZv-AvweÓ•vi iex±`Êbv^ VvKzi



1017. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1951 wLªóv‡ã o 1861 wLªóv‡ã M 1971 wLªóv‡ã N 1881 wLªóv‡ã 1018. iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kve¨MÖš’ †Kvb¸‡jv? K gvbmx, †mvbvi Zix, wPÎv, wemR©b L ÿwYKv, ejvKv, cybð, †k‡li KweZv M i³Kiex, †Pv‡Li evwj, Kíbv, wPÎv o wPÎv, Kíbv, †mvbvi Zix, gvbmx

1019. wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii wcZvi bvg Kx? K wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi o gnwl© †`‡e› ªbv_ VvKzi M Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi N my‡i›`ªbv_ VvKzi 1020. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi KZ mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf

K‡ib? [Aby-1] K 1861 o 1913 M 1914 N 1941

1021. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi †Kvb Kv‡eï Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb?

K ÿwYKv L gvbmx M †mvbvi Zix o MxZvÄwj

1022. Gkxq‡ì g‡a¨ mvwn‡Z¨ me©cÖ_g †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb †K?

K †KbRvey‡iv I‡q o iex› ªbv_ VvKzi M bvwMe gvndzR N Ainvb cvgyK 1023. ÒwZwb GKvav‡i mvwnwZ¨K, `vk©wbK I

wkÿvwe`|Ó Dw³wU Kvi m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡hvR¨? K cÖg_ †PŠayix o iex› ªbv_ VvKzi M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn 1024. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ Dw³ †KvbwU? K wZwb 7B AvM÷ Rš§MÖnY K‡ib o wZwbB GKgvÎ †bv‡ej weRqx evOvwj Kwe M Zuvi wcZvi bvg wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi N wZwb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b †kl wbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib


1025. wemR©b I i³Kiexi g‡a¨ wgj wK‡m? o `ywUB iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii bvUK L ywUB iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Dcb¨vm M Avw½K wfbœ n‡jI `ywUi welqe¯‘ Awfbœ N `ywUB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q iex›`ªbv‡_i g„Zzï c‡i 1026. iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii m‡½ 7 †g I 7 AvM÷

Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z? o Rš§ I g„Zz¨‡Z L Rš§ I weev‡n M g„Zz¨ I †bv‡ej cÖvwß‡Z N †bv‡ej I Rwg`vwi cË‡b 1027. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi KZ wLªóv‡ã g„ZyëiY K‡ib? o 1941 wLªóv‡ã L 1938 wLªóv‡ã M 1940 wLªóv‡ã N 1942 wLªóv‡ã 1028. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi †kl wbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib o KjKvZvq L kvwšÍ wb‡KZ‡b M Dwol¨vq N weª‡U‡b


1029. ney †K? o ivRv L gš¿x M cwÐZ N Pg©Kvi

1030. ivRv ney Kv‡K †W‡K cv‡q ayjv jvMvi K_v e‡jb? o †Mveyivq‡K L ieyivq‡K M gbyivq‡K N cwÐZ‡K

1031. †Kv_vq PiY †djv gvÎ gwjb ayjv jvM‡e? K N‡ii gv‡S o aiwY gv‡S M iv¯Ívi gv‡S N iv‡Rï gv‡S

1032. Kvi Dci KviI †Kv‡bv „wó †bB? o ivRvi L RbM‡Yi M gš¿xi N

†mbvcwZi

1033. ÔAvgvi gvwU jvMvq †gv‡i gvwUÕ GLv‡b ÔAvgvi gvwUÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

K †Kbv gvwU L cvIqv gvwU o iv‡Rï gvwU N m¤úwË

1034. ivRvi K_v ï‡b †K †f‡e †f‡e Lyb n‡jv? K ney o †Mvey M êÁvwbK N cwÐZ

1035. `viæY-Îv‡m Mv‡Î Kx e‡n? K kxZ L fq o Nvg N R¡i

1036. K_v ï‡b Kvi gyL Pzb n‡jv? K †Mveyi L neyi M Pvgv‡ii o cwÐ‡Zi 1037. cwÐ‡Zi gyL Pzb n‡qwQj †Kb? [Aby-2] K g„Zzï f‡q fxZ nIqvq o KiYxq Luy‡R bv cvIqvq M `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv Kivq N gš¿xi Av‡`k ï‡b 1038. ivRvi gš¿x-cvÎ‡ì iv‡Z Kx †bB? K LvIqv o Nyg M wPšÍv N fq

1039. evwoi g‡a¨ KvbœvKvwU c‡o hvIqvi KviY Kx? o ivRvi Av‡`k cvj‡bi DcvqšÍi Luy‡R bv cvIqv L gvbyl gviv hvIqv M iv‡R¨ fqven hy× jvMv N wkï I cyiæl‡ì nZ¨v Kiv 1040. AkÖæR‡j cvKv `vwo fv‡m Kvi? K ivRvi o gš¿xi M cvÎ‡ì N Pvgv‡ii 1041. hw` bv ayjv jvwM‡e Ze cv‡q, cv‡qi ayjv cvBe

Kx Dcv‡q! GLv‡b ÔZeÕ ej‡Z Kv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

o ivRv‡K L gš¿x‡K M mfvm`MY‡K N cwÐZ‡K

1042. ivRv †f‡e †KvbwU Av‡M we`vq Ki‡Z ej‡jb? o ayjv L cvwb M dUK yqvi N R‡ji Rxe

1043. hZœf‡i gš¿x Kx wb‡q Av‡mb? K bwm¨ L Lv`¨ o Ávbx-¸Yx N eÜy‡ì

1044. †`k-we‡`k †_‡K gš¿x Kv‡ì Av‡bb? K gš¿x‡ì L wkÿK‡ì M iuvaywb‡ì o hš¿x‡ì

1045. mevB Kxfv‡e emj? o †Pv‡L Pkgv Gu‡U L gyL eÜ K‡i M Kvb eÜ K‡i N jywK‡q

1046. aiv †_‡K gvwU †M‡j Kx n‡e bv? K Ni L e„wó o km¨ N bwm¨ 1047. mevB wg‡j hyw³ K‡i Kx wKbj? K cvwbi Kj L Pvgov M RyZv o SuvUv 1048. wK‡mi †Pv‡U c‡_i ayjv G‡m ivRvi gyL-eyK

fwi‡q w`j? K iv‡Mi L ayjvi o Suv‡Ui N Av‡jvi

1049. Kx Kvi‡Y mevB †PvL †gj‡Z cv‡iwb? o ayjvi L Av‡jvi M †PvL R¡vjvi N f‡qi 1050. ayjvi †g‡N †KvbwU XvKv c‡o? K ivRìevi o m~h© M P›`ª N evMvb

1051. ayjvi gv‡S †KvbwU En¨ nq? K ivRv L ìevi o bMi N ivRevwo

1052. ÔKwi‡Z ayjv ~iÕ Gi c‡ii PiY †KvbwU? o RMr n‡jv ayjvq ficyi L ayjvi gv‡S bMi n‡jv Dn¨ M ayjvi gv‡S cwoj XvKv m~h© N fwi‡q w`j ivRvi gyL eÿ

1053. GKzk jvL wfw¯Í wb‡q †jvK QyUj †Kb? K ivRvi wccvmv †gUv‡Z L ivRvi gš¿xi Rb¨ o ivR¨ †_‡K ayjv ~i Ki‡Z N ivwbi †Mvm‡ji Rb¨ 1054. cyKz‡i ïay cuvK c‡o _vKj †Kb? o me cvwb iv‡Rï †jvK wb‡q hvq e‡j L me cvwb ïwK‡q hvq e‡j M me cvwb gvbyl †L‡q †d‡j e‡j N ˆPÎ gvm e‡j

1055. wK‡m †`kUv DRvo n‡jv? K K‡jivq L em‡šÍ o mw`©R¡‡i N cvwb‡Z

1056. Òayjv‡i gvwi Kwiqv w`j Kv`vÓ Dw³wU Kvi? o neyi L †Mveyi M Pvgv‡iiN †jv‡Ki 1057. Ôewmj cybt h‡ZK ¸YešÍÕ GLv‡b Ô¸YešÍÕ Kviv K iv‡Rï gvbyl o Ávbx-¸Yx-mfvm`MY M cwÐZ N Pvgvi

1058. c„w_ex Kx w`‡q XvK‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q? K Pvì o gv`yi M kvwgqvbv N Kvco

1059. ayjv †_‡K euvP‡Z ivRv‡K †Kv_vq ivLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K ivRìev‡i L KvivMv‡i o N‡i N Qv‡`

1060. gvwUi f‡q Kx gvwU n‡e? K ivRv o ivR¨ M cwil` N cwÐZiv 1061. ivR¨ Pvgovq †gvov‡Z mevB Kv‡K Wv‡K? K gš¿x‡K L ivRv‡K o Pvgvi‡K N cwÐZ‡K

1062. Pg© w`‡q c„w_ex gywo‡q †Ìqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? K ivRvi AmyL mviv‡Z o ivR¨ †_‡K ayjv Zvov‡Z M my›ì †`Lv‡Z N gnvKxwZ©i Rb¨ 1063. a~wji gnx wK‡mi g‡a¨ XvK‡j ivRvi gnvKxwZ©? K P‡g©i g‡a¨ o Szwji M _‡ji N Pv`‡i

1064. Kv‡K †c‡j a~wji gnx Pvgov w`‡q †X‡K ivLv hv‡e? K Kvgvi‡K L Kzgvi‡K o Pvgvi‡K N KvVz‡i‡K

1065. Pvgvi LuyR‡Z †K Gw`K †mw`K Qy‡U †eovq? K gš¿x L ney o Pi N cvÎiv 1066. Pvgvi KzjcwZ eq‡m †Kgb? K ZiæY L hyeK M wK‡kvi o e„×

1067. ewj‡Z cvwi Kwi‡j AbygwZ G ev‡Kï ga¨ w`‡q Pvgvi KzjcwZi Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K `ÿZv o webq M B”Qv N eyw×

1068. Pvgvi G‡m Kx XvKvi K_v e‡jb? o ivRvi PiY L c„w_ex M ivRìevi N ivRevwo

1069. ivRvi PiY XvK‡j Avi Kx XvK‡Z n‡e bv? K ivRìevi o aiwY M ivRevwo N c_-NvU

1070. Pvgv‡ii K_vq m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡ib †K? o ivRv ney L gš¿x †Mvey M WvOvi cÖvYx N iv‡Rï †jvK 1071. Kwnj ivRv, ÔGZ wK n‡e wm‡a! G ev‡K¨

ivRvi Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K ivM L †ÿvf M Ae‡njv o mskq

1072. gš¿x Kv‡K k~‡j we× K‡i ivL‡Z Av‡`k †`q? K cwÐZ‡K L hš¿x‡K o Pvgvi-KzjcwZ‡K N ivwb‡K

1073. ivRvi cv wK‡mi Avei‡Y XvKv n‡jv? K Kvc‡oi o Pvgovi M gvwUi N Qvj-evK‡ji

1074. K‡e †_‡K RyZv civi cÖPjb ïiæ nq? K †hw`b ayjv SuvU †Ìqv nq L †hw`b ivRv e³e¨ †`b o †hw`b Pg© Avei‡Y ivRvi cv †X‡K †Ìqv nq N aiwY †hw`b ayjvc~Y© wQj


1075. ÔgvwnbvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K gvm o †eZb M gqbv N wb‡la 1076. cvwb en‡bi Rb¨ Pvgovi ˆZwii _wj‡K Kx e‡j? o wfw¯Í L wKw¯Í M divm N iÜª 1077. ÔgnxÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? o aiwY L gnvb M eo N bvg

1078. ÔPvgviÕ A_© Kx? K dz‡Uv L Dchy³ o gywP N gv`yi


1079. ÔRyZv Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ?

o Kíbv L wPÎv M ejvKv N †muRywZ

1080. ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi g~j DcRxe¨ Kx? K ivRvi evnv ywi L gš¿x‡ì †evKvwg o ayjvevwj †_‡K ivRvi cv `y‡Uv gy³ ivLvi

bvbv cÖm½ N c„w_ex‡K ayjvevwj †_‡K iÿv Kivi wewfbœ Dcvq

1081. ivRv Kv‡K ivR¨ †_‡K ayjvevwj `~i Kivi wb‡`©k †`b? K cwÐZ‡K o gš¿x‡K M Pvgvi‡K N ivwb‡K

1082. ivRvi c`hyMj Pvgov w`‡q †X‡K †`q †K? K gš¿x L hš¿x o Pvgvi N cwÐZ


1083. Avgvi gvwU jvMvq †gv‡i gvwU GLv‡b ÔAvgvi gvwUÕ †h A_© cÖKvk K‡i Zv n‡jv i. ivRvi ivR¨ ii. iv‡Rï mKj gvwUi AwaKvix ivRv wb‡R iii. iv‡Rï me gvwUi gvwjK ivRv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1084. cwÐ‡Zi m‡½ gš¿xi mv „k¨ n‡jv

i. Df‡qB ivRv neyi iv‡R¨ evm K‡i ii. Df‡qB ivRvi cwil‡ì m`m¨ iii. Df‡qB eyw×nxb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1085. R‡ji Rxe Rj webv g‡i †Mj KviY

i. R‡j wel wQj ii. me Rj ayjv †avqvi Rb¨ wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q iii. b`x, we‡j cyKz‡i Rj wQj bv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1086. gvwUi f‡q ivR¨ n‡e gvwU, KviY

i. ivRv Ave× N‡i _vK‡eb ii. ivRv evB‡i †ei n‡q ivRKvh© †`L‡Z cvi‡eb bv iii. gš¿xiv me `Lj K‡i †b‡e



1087. Pvgvi-KzjcwZ Clr nv‡mb KviY i. wZwb mgm¨vi mgvavb †ei Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb ii. wZwb eyw×gvb wQ‡jb iii. wZwb wg_¨v e‡jwQ‡jb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1088. Avgv‡iv wQj g‡b/ †Kg‡b †eUv †c‡i‡Q †mUv

Rvb‡Z gš¿xi K_vi ga¨ w`‡q †h êwkó¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. wg_¨vPvi ii. ¯v_©ciZv iii. PZziZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1886 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : eÜy Gw›UwbIi Rb¨ Rvwgb n‡q evmvwbI

my`‡Lvi kvBj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †gvUv A‡¼i UvKv avi Av‡b| G mgq k‡Z© D‡jøL _v‡K †h, wbw ©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ D³ UvKv †diZ `v‡b e¨_© n‡j kvBjK evmvwbIi ey‡Ki GK cvDÛ gvsm

†K‡U †b‡e| †kl ch©šÍ e¨_©Zvi my‡hv‡M kvBjK Av`vj‡Z hvq| Amnvq †eva K‡i evmvwbI| Ggb mgq GK ZiæY DwKj e‡jb, kvBjK wVK GK cvDÛ gvsm KvU‡Z cvi‡eb Kg‡ewk bq Ges k‡Z© D‡jøL bv _vKvq †Kv‡bv i³ Siv‡Z cvi‡e bv| [Aby-3]

1089. DÏxc‡Ki ZiæY DwK‡ji mv‡_ ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi †h Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv

K ney L †Mvey M cwÐZ o Pvgvi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1090 I 1091bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : neyP›`ª ivRv e‡jb MeyP‡›`ª †W‡K ÒAvBb Rvix K‡i wÌ iv‡R¨‡Z AvR †_‡K, †gvi iv‡Rï wfZi †nvK abx, †nvK& bv Mixe, f ª wKsev BZi, Kuv`‡Z †Kn cvi‡e bvK, mevB giæK †kv‡K gi‡Z hw` nq KL‡bv, gi‡Z n‡e †n‡m [neyP‡›`ªi AvBb mywbg©j emy] 1090. DÏxcKwUi m‡½ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb KweZvi

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q? K Rxeb wewbgq o RyZv-Avwe®‹vi M Avkv N e„wó

1091. mv „‡kï KviY i. ivRvi AvR¸we wPšÍvfvebv ii. ivRvi wb‡`©k iii. cÖRv‡ì yie¯’v

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 1092 I 1093bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ˆPÎ gv‡m Bgivb‡ì MÖv‡g Lvevi cvwbi Lye

Afve nq| MÖv‡gi †gvoj I gvZeŸi hviv Av‡Qb Zviv †KD †Kv‡bvfv‡eB G mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv mgvavb †ei Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| †k‡l Bgivb e‡j, Avgiv el©vKv‡j K‚c Lbb K‡i cvwb msiÿY Ki‡Z cvwi|

1092. DÏxc‡Ki Bgiv‡bi m‡½ ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?

K cwÐ‡Zi L gš¿xi M ivRvi o Pvgvi-KzjcwZi

1093. mv „‡kï KviY `yR‡bB i. eyw×gvb ii. †QvU iii. mgm¨vi mgvavb mÜvb K‡i


KweZv 05 SY©vi Mvb m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë

cvVëB we‡kølY


1094. Kwe m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1880 L 1881 o 1882 N 1883 1095. AÿqKzgvi `Ë †Kvb cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb? K msev` cÖfvKi L msev` †KŠgy`x M K‡jøvj o ZË¡‡evwabx 1096. AÿqKzgvi `Ë †Kvb kZ‡Ki cÖvewÜK wQ‡jb? K AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki o Dwbk kZ‡Ki M wek kZ‡Ki N m‡Z‡iv kZ‡Ki 1097. m‡Z¨› ªbv_ `Ë Ab~w`Z Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? K mweZv L mwÜÿY o Zx_©‡iYy N †nvgwkLv 1098. m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi Kve¨MÖš’ n‡jv K †ejv-A‡ejv o we`vq AviZx M wmÜy wn‡›`vj N a~mi c„w_ex 1099. †jL‡Ki w`K †_‡K ÔmweZvÕ MÖ‡š’i mv‡_

mv „k¨c~Y© MÖš’ †KvbwU? o Aå Avexi L fvOvi Mvb M †`vjbPuvcv N cÎcyU


1100. †K Pcj cv‡q avq? K m‡Z¨› ªbv_ `Ë L cvnvo o Sibv N cwi 1101. Sibvi cÖvY †Kgb? o we‡fvj L wb‡¯ÍR M Aw¯’i N PÂj 1102. Ôwkw_jÕ kãwU Øviv Kx †evSvq? o AembœZv L welYœZv M kxZjZv N PÂjZv 1103. Sibv wkjvi Dci Kx iv‡L? K Rvgv L KweZvi eB o cv N †PvL 1104. `ycyi-†fv‡i c‡_i Ae¯’v †Kgb? o wSgv‡bv L PÂj M KL‡bv bxie KL‡bv mie N mie 1105. `ycyi-†fvi SY©v Kvi Mvb ïb‡Z cvq? [Aby.-1] o wSuwSui L cixi M eyjeywji N kvwj‡Ki

1106. weRb †`‡k Kx †bB? K MvQcvjv L cï-cvwL M gvbyl o K‚Rb 1107. Sibv wK‡m Zvj evRvq? K cvZvq L cvnv‡o M Sibvq o cv‡q 1108. Sibv Kxfv‡e Mvq? K mvZRb wg‡j L cuvPRb wg‡j M wZbRb wg‡j o GKjv 1109. ÔGKjv MvB GKjv avB wèm ivZ, muvS mKvj|Õ G-e³‡e¨ SY©vi †Kvb

iƒcwU dz‡U I‡V? [Aby. 2] K Q›`gq L g‡bvni o Qy‡U Pjv N k¼vnxb 1110. Szg-cvnvo †Kgb K‡i Av‡Q? o Nvo SzuwK‡q L Nvo DuwP‡q M ivM K‡i N nvwmgyL n‡q 1111. Szg cvnv‡oi †PvL cvKv‡bv †`‡L Sibv Kx K‡i? K cvwj‡q hvq L fq cvq o mvg‡b GwM‡q P‡j N w¯’i _v‡K 1112. Kvi cv‡q b~cyi? K cixi L Szg-cvnv‡oi o UMi dz‡ji N eyjeywji 1113. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq Kvi nvi UzUj? K Sibvi L Kwei o cwii N UM‡ii 1114. Sibv Kxfv‡e c_ P‡j? K PzcPvc L f‡q f‡q M gb Lvivc K‡i o wLjwLwj‡q 1115. Kvjmv‡ii `j wK‡mi is a‡i? K Wv‡ji L wPwbi M gayi o WvjwPwbi 1116. bvwo‡q hvq evwo‡q hvq †K? o Sibv L cwi M Kvjmvi N eyjeywj 1117. Sibvi kixi Sjgj Ki‡Q †Kb? o Rwii j¤^v I wXjv †cvkv‡K L Mv‡q is †g‡L‡Q e‡j M Mv‡q m~‡h©i Av‡jv c‡o‡Q e‡j N R‡ji †dbvi Kvi‡Y 1118. ÔcvZKzqvÕ n‡jv K eo Kzqv o †QvU Kzqv M gvSvwi Kzqv N Mfxi Kzqv 1119. Sibv `yj †`vjv‡q †fvjvq K Z…òv L †PvL o gb N †cÖg 1120. Sibv KLb wSuwSui WvK †kv‡b? K ycyi-†fv‡i o muvS-mKv‡j M wèm-iv‡Z N ivZ-`ycy‡i

1121. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq cvZKzqvq †h‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K?

K hvi my›`‡ii Z…òv Av‡Q L hvi KÉ‡Z Z…òv Av‡Q o hvi Rj †muPvi MiR Av‡Q N hvi A‡½ Nvg Av‡Q 1122. nuvK‡Q †K, GLv‡b Sibv Kv‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Q? o dwUKRj‡K L cwi‡K M kvwjK‡K N ïK‡K 1123. dwUKR‡ji Kx n‡q‡Q? K cv †f‡O‡Q L gb Lvivc M ÿzav †c‡q‡Q o Z…òv †c‡q‡Q 1124. wK‡mi cv‡b Sibv avq? K cvnv‡oi L b`xi o my›`‡ii N e‡bi 1125. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq †Kvb Drm‡ei K_v D‡jøL Av‡Q? o bv‡Pi Drme L Mv‡bi Drme M cÖv‡Yi Drme N bev‡bœi Drme 1126. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq ÔweRb †`kÕ ej‡Z Kx

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K _g_‡g †`k o Rbk~b¨ †`k M †jvKvjqc~Y© †`k N kw¼Z †`k


1127. Ôwe‡fvjÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? o A‡PZb L fq M Dš§v`bv N cÖvYnxb 1128. ÔïKÕ A_© Kx? o wU‡q cvwL L PvZK cvwL M P‡Kvi N kvwjK 1129. ÔgLgjÕ k‡ãi mwVK A_© †KvbwU? o †Kvgj I wgwn Kvco L †gvUv Kvco M j¤^v I wX‡jXvjv †cvkvK N gqjv Kvco 1130. ÔAvsivLvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o j¤^v I wX‡jXvjv †cvkvK L PvZK cvwL M cvnv‡oi bvg N Sibvi bvg 1131. ÔP‡KviÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o cvwLwe‡kl L dzjwe‡kl M Sibvi bvg N Mv‡Qi bvg


1132. PÂj cv cyjwKZ MwZ Kvi? o Sibvi L Kwei M kvwj‡Ki N dwUKR‡ji


1133. Avb‡›ì c`wPý wK‡m? o cv_‡ii ey‡K L cvnv‡oi ey‡K M e‡bi g‡a¨ N e„ÿkv‡L 1134. KLb cvwLi WvK †kvbv hvq bv? K †fv‡i L mKv‡j o `ycy‡i N weKv‡j 1135. cvnvo Kxfv‡e fq †`Lvq? o Nvo Nywi‡q L gy‡Lvk c‡i M iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i N Auvavi †V‡j 1136. cvnvo †hb ˆ`‡Zï g‡Zv Nvo Nywi‡q fq †`Lvq

GB ev‡K¨ †Kvb AjsKvi eën„Z n‡q‡Q? o Dcgv L Dr‡cÖÿv M hgK N †køl


1137. m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë cÖwZw`b cÖPzi mgq e¨q Ki‡Zb i. Aa¨qb K‡i ii. Dcvmbv K‡i iii. Kve¨PP©v K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1138. Pxbv, Rvcvwb, Bs‡iwR QvovI m‡Z¨› ªbv_ `Ë

AviI †h fvlvi iPbv evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib i. j¨vwUb ii. Aviwe iii. dviwm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?


1139. m‡Z¨› ªbv_ `Ë‡K ÔQ‡›ì ivRvÕ ejv nq i. Q›` wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ ii. Q›` cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ iii. Q‡›` KweZv †jLvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



DÏxcKwU c‡o 1140 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : bvwi›`vi e„ÿ‡cÖgx ejivg M‡o †Zv‡jb nvRvi

iK‡gi e„‡ÿi mgv‡iv‡n GKUv D`¨vb hv ejav Mv‡W©b bv‡g cwiwPZ| wbQK Avb›` Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨B Zuvi G D‡`¨vM| A‡b‡KB †mLv‡b GLb †flR Jl‡ai DcKiY LuyR‡Qb| [Aby.-3]

1140. DÏxc‡Ki ejiv‡gi mv‡_ ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q

K PvZ‡Ki L SY©vi M eb-SvD‡qi o dwUK R‡ji DÏxcKwU c‡o 1141 †_‡K 1142bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wm‡j‡Ui †gŠjfxevRv‡i Sibv †`L‡Z

wM‡qwQjvg| Aweij avivq Sibvi cvwb covi `„k¨ Avgv‡K gy» K‡iwQj| myD”P cvnvo †_‡K A‡Sv‡i Si‡Q Sibv|

1141. DÏxc‡Ki wel‡qi m‡½ ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi wel‡qi mv „k¨ †Kv_vq?

o Sibv L dzj M cvwL N Kvjmvi

1142. DÏxcK I ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K cvnv‡oi †mŠ›`h© o Sibvi †mŠ›`h© M cvwLi †mŠ›`h© N Sibvi wb›`v 1143. DÏxc‡Ki Sibv I ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi Sibvi

Pjvi MwZ i. PÂj ii. axi iii. †_‡g †_‡g

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M i I ii N iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 1144 I 1145bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : SY©v! SY©v! my›ìx SY©v! ZiwjZ Pw› ªKv| P›`b eY©v AÂj wmwÂZ †MŠwiK ¯^‡Y©, wMwi gwjøKv †`v‡j KzšÍ‡j K‡Y©, Zby fwi Ô†hŠebÕ Zvcmx AcY©v| SY©v! 1144. DÏxcKwU †Zvgvi cvVëB‡qi †Kvb KweZvi K_v

g‡b Kwi‡q †`q? o SY©vi Mvb L AÜea~ M gvbyl N cÖvY 1145. D³ KweZvi †h w`KwU DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q

i. †mŠ›`h© eY©bv ii. PÂjZv iii. MwZgqZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii

KweZv 06 gvbyl KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg

cvVëB we‡kølY


1146. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1897 o 1899 M 1901 N 1903

1147. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Rš§MÖnY K‡ib o ea©gvb †Rjvq L gqgbwmsn †Rjvq M Kzwgjøv †Rjvq N exif‚g †Rjvq

1148. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg †jLvcov K‡ib K KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv ¯‹z‡j o `wiivgcyi nvB ¯‹z‡j M DwRicyi nvB ¯‹z‡j N ea©gvb nvB ¯‹z‡j 1149. ˆR¨ô gv‡mi KZ Zvwi‡L KvRx bRiæj Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 9 L 10 o 11 N 13

1150. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K ejv nq K hy‡×i Kwe L Zviæ‡Yï Kwe o we‡`ªvnx Kwe N RvMi‡Yi Kwe 1151. Kv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Kwei gh©v`vq f‚wlZ

Kiv nq? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡K o KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K M RmxgD`&`xb‡K N kvgmyi ivngvb‡K 1152. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K wW-wjU Dcvwa cÖ`vb

K‡i †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq? K KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq L ea©gvb wek¦we`¨vjq M hvècyi wek¦we`¨vjq o XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq1153. ÔAwMœexYvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i †jLK †K? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi o KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M Rxebvb›` `vk N ey×‡è emy

1154. ÔivRe›`xi Revbe›`xÕ n‡jv KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg iwPZ

K Kve¨MÖš’ L MíMÖš’ o cÖeÜMÖš’ N Dcb¨vm 1155. KZ mv‡j KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 1972 L 1974 o 1976 N 1978 1156. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg g„ZzëiY K‡ib K KjKvZvq o XvKvq M ea©gv‡b N Pziæwjqvq


1157. Kwe Kvi RqMvb †M‡q‡Qb? [Aby. 1] K gvby‡li o mv‡gï M kÖwg‡Ki N Zviæ‡Yï 1158. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwei g‡Z gnxqvb n‡jv K cvnvo L mgy ª M ag© o gvbyl 1159. ÔA‡f`Õ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K †f` L cv_©K¨ o GKB N we‡eK 1160. Ôc~RvwiÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? K hv‡K c~Rv Kiv nq L †èZv o c~RvKvix N Amy¯’ e¨w³ 1161. c~Rvwi‡K wK‡mi `yqvi †Lvjvi Rb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q? K gmwR‡ì o gw›`‡ii M c~Rvwii wb‡Ri evwoi N c¨v‡MvWvi 1162. gw›`‡ii `yqv‡i †K uvwo‡q Av‡Q? K †Pw½m L gvgy` M Kvjvcvnvo o ÿzavi VvKzi 1163. c~Rvwi Kx †`‡L‡Q? K †èZv L ÿzavi VvKzi o ¯^cb N Kvjvcvnvo 1164. ivRv-UvRv kãwU n‡jv o mgv_©K kã‰ØZ L wecixZv_©K hyM¥kã M cybive„wË kã‰ØZ N aŸb¨vZ¥K kã‰ØZ 1165. c~Rvwi ¯^cœ †`‡L fRbvjq Lyj‡jb †Kb? K c~Rvi mgq nIqvq L cw_‡Ki Wv‡K o ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji Rb¨ N cÖv_©bv Kivi Rb¨

1166. gw›`‡ii ìRv Ly‡j c~Rvwi Kv‡K †`L‡Z †cj? K †èZv‡K o cw_K‡K M gv‡K N ¯¿x‡K 1167. ÔRxY©-e ¿ kxY©-MvÎ, ÿzavq KÉ ÿxYÕ GLv‡b

Kvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? o ÿzavi VvKzi L †èZv M c~Rvwi N †Pw½m 1168. ÔØvi †Lv‡jv evev LvBwb †Zv mvZ w`bÕ G Dw³wU Kvi? o cw_‡Ki L c~Rvwii M †gvjøvi N Kwei 1169. gw›`‡ii ìRv eÜ K‡iwQj †K? K `v‡ivqvb o c~Rvwi M VvKzi N cywjk 1170. gw›ì eÜ n‡j fzLvwi Kx K‡i? K ivMvivwM K‡i L †jvKRb †W‡K wb‡q Av‡m M ìRvq av°v w`‡Z _v‡K o P‡j hvq 1171. fzLvwi gw›ì †_‡K †Kvb mgq wd‡i hvq? K mKv‡j L ycy‡i M weKv‡j o iv‡Z 1172. ÔH gw›ì c~Rvixi, nvq †èZv, †Zvgvi bq|Õ G

e³‡e¨ fzLvwii †Kvb g‡bvfve cÖKvk cvq? [Aby. 2] K cÖwZev`x L AmnvqZ¡ o dwiqv` N †ÿvf 1173. mg¯Í c_ fzLvwii †Kgb †j‡M‡Q? K gv_v Ny‡i‡Q L †cU e¨_v K‡i‡Q o ÿzavq †cU R¡‡j‡Q N ewg ewg †j‡M‡Q 1174. fzLvwi wPrKvi K‡i Kx e‡j? o IB gw›ì †èZvi bq L Ck¦i wePvi Ki c~Rvwii M Avgvi ÿzav †c‡q‡Q N Avwg Avevi Avme 1175. gmwR‡` Kvj AvwQj| k~b¨¯’v‡b †KvbwU n‡e? K Rygvi w`b L wgwó o wkiwb N A‡bK A_© 1176. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z †gvjøvwU wQj K cÖK…Z avwg©K o ¯v_©ci M `qvjy N c‡ivcKvix 1177. AvwkUv eQ‡i fzLvwi gymvwdi Kx K‡iwb? K KLbI wg_¨v K_v e‡jwb L GK Iqv³ bvgvR KvRv K‡iwb M KviI Mv‡q nvZ †Zv‡jwb o †Lv`v‡K Wv‡Kwb


1178. †Pw½m, MRwb gvgy`, Kvjvcvnvo n‡jb o HwZnvwmK PwiÎ L weL¨vZ `vk©wbK M weL¨vZ †KŠZzK Awf‡bZv N weL¨vZ bvqK


1179. ÔeiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o Avkxe©v` L Awfkvc M ¯^vgx N cÖksmv 1180. Ôÿzavi VvKziÕ kãwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K whwb gvbyl‡K Abœ `vb K‡ib o ÿzavZ© gvbyl‡K †èZv Ávb Kiv n‡q‡Q M †ewk ÿzav cvq †h †èZvi N VvKzi‡K †fvM †Ìqv nqwb 1181. Ôÿzavi gvwbK R¡‡jÕ Gi A_© Kx? o ÿzavZ© e¨w³i RVi R¡vjv A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q L ÿzavi fve nIqv M ÿzavq †R‡M _vKe N ÿzavq †PvL R¡vjv Kiv 1182. ÔVvKziÕ n‡jv o †èZv L gw›ì M †gvjøv N eªvþY


1183. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU m¤úv`bv K‡i msKwjZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?

o mvgëv`x L me©nviv M AwMœexYv N cÖjqwkLv 1184. Kv‡ì †P‡q eo wKQy Avi n‡Z cv‡i bv? o gvby‡li L Wv³v‡ii M bv‡m©i N gmwR‡ì †gvjøvi 1185. mevi †P‡q gvbyl eo G K_v †K e‡j? K gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ L gmwR‡ì †gvjøv o ag© N mvaviY gvbyl


1186. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Kjg a‡iwQ‡jb i. a‡g©i weiæ‡× ii. civaxbZvi weiæ‡× iii. mvgvwRK AwePv‡ii weiæ‡× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1187. msMxZ RM‡Z KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K L¨vwZi

Avm‡b ewm‡q‡Q Zuvi i. MRj ii. †Lqvj iii. ivMcÖavb Mvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1188. Avw½‡Ki w`K †_‡K ÔivRe›`xi Revbe›`xÕ

MÖ‡š’i m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© MÖš’ n‡jv i. g„Zz ÿzav ii. hyMevYx iii. `yw`©‡bi hvÎx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1189. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq mvg¨ n‡”Q

i. gvby‡li ii. a‡g©i iii. cÖv_©bvj‡qi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 1190. †èZvi e‡i ivRv nIqvi Avkvq ìRv Lyj‡jI cw_K‡K

†`‡L eÜ K‡i †Ìqvi g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q c~Rvwii i. †jvf ii. gbyl¨Z¡ iii. ¯^v_©ciZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii o i I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1191bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : mvgv` wgqv GKRb Av`g‡ecvwi| m¤úÖwZ wZwb

MÖv‡g bvggvÎ A‡_© wewfbœ †`‡k D”P †eZ‡b †jvK cvVv‡bvi K_v e‡jb| Avw_©K Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB wf‡UgvwU nvj-Miæ wewµ K‡i Zvi nv‡Z UvKv †`q| GKw`b †kvbv hvq mvgv` wgqv MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q‡Qb| [Aby. 3]

1191. DÏxc‡Ki mvgv` wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi

†Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q K c~Rvix L f‚Lvix M †gvjøvmv‡ne N MRwb gvgy`

*[we.`ª. : mwVK DËi K I M|] DÏxcKwU c‡o 1192 I 1193bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ò†K †Zvgvq e‡j eviv½bv gv, †K †`q _y_y IB Mv‡q,

nq‡Zv †Zvgvq ¯Íb¨ w`‡q‡Q mxZvmg mZx gv‡q|Ó

1192. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZv Avgv‡ì †h wkÿv †`q i gvbyl‡K N„Yv Ki‡Z †bB ii. gvby‡l gvby‡l cv_©K¨ _vKv AbywPZ iii †gvjøv KL‡bv Lvivc nq bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N iii

1193. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq o mewKQyi Dc‡i gvbyl‡KB †kÖô we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ L cy‡ivwnZ‡ì †kÖô e‡j wePvi Kiv DwPZ M †gvjøv‡ì †kÖô wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e N Mwie, Amnvq‡ì †kÖô ej‡Z n‡e

KweZv 07 †mBw`b GB gvV Rxebvb›` `vk

cvVëB we‡kølY


1194. Rxebvb›` `vk Kx Kwe wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ? K cÖK…wZi Kwe o AvaywbK Rxeb‡PZbvi Kwe M bvMwiK Kwe N ev¯Íeev`x Kwe 1195. Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki wPË wbgMœ K evsjvi BwZnvm HwZ‡n¨ o evsjvi cÖK…wZi iƒc‰ewP‡Î¨ M evsjvi Av‡›`vj‡bi †PZbvq N QbœQvov gvby‡li Rxebeë¯’vq 1196. Ôa~mi cvÐywjwcÕ Rxebvb›` `v‡ki †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? K MíMÖš’ o Kve¨MÖš’ M Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ 1197. ÔebjZv †mbÕ Kve¨MÖš’wUi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q K Kwei †cÖwgKvi bvgvbymv‡i o GKwU KweZvi bvgvbymv‡i M Kwei †g‡qi bvgvbymv‡i N Kwei ¯¿xi bvgvbymv‡i 1198. 1954 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡mi KZ Zvwi‡L

Rxebvb›` `vk Uªvg yN©Ubvq AvnZ nb? K 10 L 12 o 14 N 16 1199. Rxebvb›` `vk A‡±vei gv‡mi KZ Zvwi‡L gviv hvb? K 20 o 22 M 24 N 26


1200. Ò†mB w`b GB gvV ¯Íä n‡e bv‡Kv Rvwb|Ó GLv‡b Ô†mB w`bÕ ej‡Z †Kvb w`‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K Kwei Rš§w`b L Kwei KweZv cÖKv‡ki w`b M Kwei welYœ gyn~Z© o Kwei g„Zzï c‡ii w`b¸‡jv

1201. ÔAvwg †Zv g‡i hve, P‡j hve, †i‡L hve meBÕ Mv‡bi G cO&w³i mv‡_ mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q †Kvb KweZvi?

K mvnmx Rbbx evsjv o †mBw`b GB gvV M Avgvi mšÍvb N Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB 1202. jÿ¥x‡cuPvi mv‡_ †Kvb mg‡qi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? K mKv‡ji L ycy‡ii M we‡K‡ji o iv‡Zi 1203. ÔAvwg P‡j hveÕ Kwe †Kv_vq P‡j hvIqvi K_v

e‡j‡Qb? [Aby. 2] K MÖv‡g L kn‡i o cicv‡i N we‡`‡k 1204. wkwk‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †Kvb gvm? o †cŠl L ˆR¨ô M kÖveY N fv ª 1205. Ô†mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mva c„w_ex‡Z K‡e Avi S‡iÕ

cO&w³ Øviv Kx †evSvq? o Kwe bv _vK‡jI cÖK…wZ gvby‡li mva

Kíbv‡K Z…ß Ki‡e L gvby‡li g‡bi Avkv wPiw`bB weivR K‡i M my›ì ¯^cœ¸‡jv c„w_ex‡Z †_‡K hvq N ki‡Zi mKvj ¯§„wZ‡Z fv‡m

1206. Pvwiw`‡K kvšÍ evwZ wf‡R MÜ K bÿ‡Îi Av‡jv L cÖK…wZi myevm M big †XD o g„ y Kjie1207. Kvi Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvj? K Rxebvb›` `v‡ki L mZ¨vb›` `v‡ki M Kzmyg-Kzgvix `v‡ki o c„w_exi


1208. Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvi g~jMZ †cÖiYv Kx? o cÖK…wZi inm¨gq †mŠ›`h© L inm¨gqx gvbyl M inm¨gq cÖvwYRMr N bM‡ii ev¯ÍeZv

1209. Kwe Kx Rv‡bb? wewPÎ weeZ©‡bi g‡aÏ cÖK…wZ Zuvi Avcb

Aw¯ÍZ¡ nvwi‡q †dj‡e bv L gvbyl Agi nq Zvi K‡g©i ¸‡Y M mevB fz‡j †M‡jI cÖK…wZ Kwe‡K g‡b ivL‡e N Kwe P‡j †M‡j cÖK…wZ Zuvi Afve †eva

Ki‡e

1210. c„w_ex‡Z mevB K ¯^v_©ci L †jvfx M gvbeìw` o wPi¯’vqx bq 1211. wkwk‡ii R‡j †fRv PvjZv dz‡ji MÜ KZ w`b _vK‡e? K cuvP w`b L mvZ w`b M `k w`b o AbšÍKvj 1212. Gwkwiqv †ewejb GLb †Kgb? K cwic~Y© Mov mf¨Zv L GLbI †mŠ›`‡h© ficyi o aŸsm Í‚c N dz‡j-d‡j fiv

1213. ÔmvaÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv K †Lvqve L cyjK o ¯ú„nv N ggZv

1214. ÔAvwg P‡j hve e‡jÕ GLv‡b ÔAvwgÕ †K? o Kwe L cÖK…wZ M ¯^cœ N †mŠ›`h©


1215. ÔGKw`‡K †hgb ÿwqòz Ab¨w`‡K P‡j Zvi wewbg©vYÕ wK‡mi?

K BwZnv‡mi L gvby‡li M cÖK…wZi o mf¨Zvi 1216. giYkxj e¨w³gvbyl g„Zzï †Kv‡j X‡j c‡o,

wKš‘ wPiKv‡ji e¨¯ÍZv _v‡K K mgy‡`ª L cvnv‡o M AvKv‡ko cÖK…wZ‡Z 1217. wkwki †Kvb dz‡j c‡o? K cjvk L wkgyj M wkDjx o PvjZv



1218. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi ¯‡cœi mv‡_ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q i. cÖK…wZi ii. gvby‡li iii. bÿ‡Îi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i o ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 1219. Gwkwiqv, †ewejb n‡jv

i. gvby‡li bvg ii. mf¨Zvi bvg iii. evwoi bvg

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i o ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii

1220. ÒiwdK mv‡ne MvQcvjv‡ewóZ R½‡j Ny‡i †eov‡Z cQ›` K‡ib|Ó iwdK mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv i. Avb›`‡eva ii. †mŠ›`h©‡eva iii. cÖK…wZ‡eva wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?



DÏxcKwU c‡o 1221 I 1222bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avevi Avwme Avwg evsjvi b`x gvV †LZ fv‡jv‡e‡m Rjv½xi †XD‡q †fRv evsjvi G meyR KiæY WvOvq;

nq‡Zv †`wL‡e †P‡q my`k©b Dwo‡Z‡Q mÜ¨vi evZv‡m; nq‡Zv ïwb‡e GK jÿ¥x‡cuPv WvwK‡Z‡Q

wkgy‡ji Wv‡j; [Avevi Avwme wd‡i Rxebvb›` `vk]

1221. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †Kvb wel‡q mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q?

o cÖK…wZi eY©bvq L HwZnvwmK ¯’vcbv eY©bvq M Gwkwiqv †ewejb N cÖK…wZi weiƒcZvq 1222. DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq D‡jøL i‡q‡Q

i. jÿ¥x‡cuPv ii. my`k©b iii. PvjZv dzj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M i I ii N iii

KweZv 08 cwjøRbbx RmxgD`&`xb

cvVëB we‡kølY


1223. RmxgD`&`xb †Kvb MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K imyjcyi o Zv¤^yjLvbv M PuvcvWvOv N KvUvw`qv 1224. RmxgD`&`x‡bi †Kvb MÖš’ wewfbœ we‡`wk fvlvq

Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q? K GK cqmvi euvwk L gvwUi Kvbœv o bKwkKuv_vi gvV N †mvRbevw`qvi NvU 1225. †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq RmxgD`&`xb‡K wW-wjU wWwMÖ

cÖ`vb K‡i? K XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq L KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq M iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq o wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vjq 1226. KZ wLªóv‡ã RmxgD`&`xb g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 1975 o 1976 M 1977 N 1978


1227. gv‡qi †Pv‡Li cvZv Xzj‡Q †Kb? K †Q‡ji †ivM wPšÍvq L ivZ _g_g ¯Íä _vKvq M ivwÎ RvMi‡Y o †Pv‡L Z›`ªv Avmvq 1228. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq `xcwU †Kv_vq R¡jwQj? K weQvbvi †Kv‡Y o wkq‡ii Kv‡Q M wcjmy‡Ri Dci N gv‡qi nv‡Z 1229. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq Kuy‡oN‡i kx‡Zi evqy Avm‡Q †Kb? K N‡i †eov †bB e‡j L †eov _vK‡jI ìRv †bB e‡j M †eovi Rvbvjv †Lvjv e‡j o RxY© †eov duvK n‡q Av‡Q e‡j 1230. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq †K †Q‡j‡K Pzc K‡i

Ny‡gv‡Z ej‡Qb? K evev o gv M Wv³vi N Bgvg 1231. gv Pzc Ki‡Z ejvq †Q‡j Kx cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i? K wgbwZ L N„Yv o ivM N Awfgvb 1232. Ôcv‡i hw` ey‡K hZ †mœn Av‡QÕÑ GLv‡b ÔhZ

†mœnÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? o Acwimxg †mœn L iæM&Y cy‡Îi cÖwZ †mœn M cy‡Îi †ivMgyw³ Kvgbv N ywLbx gv‡qi n„`‡qi nvnvKvi 1233. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq ìMvq Kx gvbZ Kiv nq? K †gvgevwZ L AvMievwZ M †Rvov gyiwM o `vb 1234. euvk e‡b e‡m †Kvb cvwL Wv‡K? [Aby. 1] K †KvwKj o KvbvKz‡qv M ûZzg N †`v‡qj

1235. Kwe Kv‡ì †cvkvK‡K Kzqvkv Kvd‡bi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb?

o †RvbvwK †g‡q‡ì L ev`yo‡ì M KvbvKz‡qv‡ì N WvûK cvwL‡ì 1236. †Q‡j Kv‡K jvUvB hZœ K‡i ivL‡Z e‡j? K eo †evb‡K L Kwig‡K o gv‡K N AvwRR‡K 1237. ÔmvZ-bwiÕ, ÔdzjSzwiÕ ej‡Z Zzwg Kx †evS? K GKcÖKvi wgóvbœ L GKcÖKvi ˆZRmcÎ M gvwUi nuvwo o nuvwo ivLvi wmKv 1238. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq A‡bKÿY K_v e‡j iæM&Y †Q‡j K nuvwc‡q I‡V L Nywg‡q c‡o o Pzc K‡i N Mí ïb‡Z Pvq 1239. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq _g _g Kvj ivZ †Kv_vq? K iæM&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i L euvke‡b o evB‡i N KzwU‡i 1240. ÔI‡i gyL‡cvov †Kv_v wMqvwQwj Ggwb G Kvwj

muv‡S|Õ GLv‡b ÔgyL‡cvovÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q K nbygvb‡K L kÎæ‡K o `yišÍ †Q‡j‡K N wgÎ‡K 1241. Ô†gvmjgv‡bi AvoO †`wL‡Z bvB|Õ G K_v †K e‡j‡Q? K iwng PvPv L gmwR‡ì Bgvg M evev o gv 1242. Avo‡Oi w`‡b ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi iæM&Y

†Q‡jwU cyZzj wKb‡Z †P‡qwQj †Kb? K cyZzj Zvi wcÖq †Ljbv e‡j o Zvi eÜyiv wK‡bwQj e‡j M eÜy‡K Dcnvi †`‡e e‡j N Zvi Kv‡Q UvKv wQj e‡j 1243. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq iæM&Y †Q‡ji Rb¨ Kx †Rv‡Uwb? K Ilya L Svo-duyK o c_¨ N cvwbcov 1244. ÔS‡o Kuv‡c †hb bx‡oi cvwLwU Rov‡q gv‡qi

Wvbv|Õ GLv‡b ÔcvwLwUÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q K ywLbx gv‡K o iæM&Y †Q‡j‡K M Kwig‡K N AvwRR‡K 1245. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq N‡ii Pv‡j‡Z WvK‡Q K NyNy o ûZzg M KvK N ev`yo 1246. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq gv `~i-`~i K‡i I‡Vb †Kb? o Ag~jK k¼v Gov‡Z L gi‡Yi ~Z Zvov‡Z M ûZzg †cuPv Zvov‡Z N S‡oi Kuvcb _vgv‡Z 1247. weiwnYx Wvû‡Ki WvK cwjøRbbxi g‡b †Kvb

Abyf‚wZi †RvMvb †`q? K Avb‡›ì L †e`bvi o k~b¨Zvi N c~Y©Zvi 1248. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq ÔgnvKvjÕ A‡_© Zzwg Kx †evS? K gnvb †h Kvj L gnv †h Kvj M AÜKvi ivZ o `ytmgq 1249. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq wK‡mi †Zj dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q? K Mvwoi L jÉ‡bi o gvwUi cÖ x‡ci N Rvnv‡Ri


1250. Ôbvgv‡Ri NiÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? K LvbKv o gmwR` M gv`ªvmv N RvqbvgvR 1251. bqb bxi Kx? K bqb bv‡gi †Q‡ji evmv L bqb bv‡gi †Q‡ji cvwb o †Pv‡Li cvwb N iæM&Y †Q‡jwUi bvg


1252. Kvi g‡Zv ggZvgqx Avi †KD †bB? K evevi o gv‡qi M `v`vi N `vwì 1253. iæM&Y cwi‡e‡k gv‡qi g‡b Kx †R‡M I‡V? K iæM&Y mšÍv‡bi g½jvKv•ÿv L g‡b bvbv Aïf K_v o cyÎ nviv‡bvi k¼v N MZ Avo‡Oi K_v 1254. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ K ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi nvnvKvi L iæM&Y †Q‡ji AvKzwZ M MÖvgxY cÖK…wZ I gvbyl o AcZ¨‡mœ‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©Y 1255. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq gv‡qi wK‡mi e¨_©Zv

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K †mevi L †mœ‡ni M Kzms¯‹v‡ii o Avw_©K `xbZvi


1256. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi KvOvjxi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi i. gv‡qi ii. iæM&Y †Q‡ji iii. iwng PvPvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i k ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 1257. Ô†Kvb w`b †m †h gv‡q‡i bv e‡j wMqvwQj `~i e‡b|Õ

GB cO&w³‡Z mšÍv‡bi †h fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q i. `yišÍ ii. Aeva¨ iii. eLv‡U wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

k i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

1258. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq iæM&Y †Q‡ji AZxZ Rxeb wQj i. welv` cwic~Y© ii. PÂjZvq cwic~Y© iii. `wi ªZvq wK¬ó

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii

k ii I iii N i, ii I iii


1259. Òe‡j‡Q Avgiv, †gvmjgv‡bi AvoO †`wL‡Z

bvB|Ó G ev‡K¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q

i. MÖvgevsjvq d‡Zvqvi AccÖ‡qvM

ii. evOvwj gymjgvb cwiev‡i agx©q Abykvmb

iii. cwjøRbbxi A_©‰bwZK Amvg_©¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1260 I 1261bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : hZw`b hvq, `y‡f©vM Zvi ZZB evwoqv hvq RxebcÖ`xc wbwfqv Avwm‡Q A¯Í iwei cÖvq| [Aby. 2-3]

1260. Dc‡ii DÏxc‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi o mšÍv‡bi gyg~ly© Ae¯’v L AK…wÎg gvZ…‡mœn M Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi AvKzwZ N †ivMgyw³i jÿY 1261. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv fvewU ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †h

Pi‡Y we`¨gvb Zv n‡jv K N‡ii Pv‡j‡Z ûZzg WvwK‡Q, AKj¨vY G myi, gi‡Yi `~Z G‡jv eywS nvq, nuv‡K gvq, `~i-`~i| L bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gv‡b, ìMvq gv‡b `vb, †Q‡j‡i Zvnvi fv‡jv K‡i `vI Kuv‡` Rbbxi cÖvY| M cv‡k¦© R¡wjqv gvwUi cÖ`xc evZv‡m Rgvq †Lj; Auvav‡ii mv‡_ hywSqv Zvnvi dzivq G‡m‡Q †Zj| N gv †Kej ewm iæMb †Q‡ji gyLcv‡b AuvwL †g‡j fvmv fvmv Zvi hZ K_v †hb mviv cÖvY w`‡q †M‡j

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1262 I 1263bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gv e‡j‡Qb, ZvB †h‡ZB n‡e| hyeK ivZ`ycy‡i

`v‡gvì b`xi cv‡o Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| el©vKvj, b`x ZvB cÖgËv! Zxeª Rj‡mªvZ mMR©‡b e‡q P‡j‡Q| gyljavi el©vq wPrKvi ev WvKvWvwK †Kv‡bvwKQyB †kvbvi Dcvq †bB| b`x‡Z Suvwc‡q co‡jb hyeK Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|

1262. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ †Zvgvi cvVëB‡qi †Kvb KweZvi fveMZ wgj i‡q‡Q?

K ¯^vaxbZv o cwjøRbbx M cÖvY N Avgvi mšÍvb 1263. D³ fveMZ wgjwU n‡jvÑ

i. gvZ…‡mœn ii. cyÎ‡mœn iii. evwoi Uvb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii o i I ii N iii

KweZv 09 Avkv wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi



1264. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K ivRkvnx‡Z k Lyjbvq M dwi`cy‡i N ewikv‡j

1265. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1916 L 1917 M 1918 k 1919

1266. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi †ckvq Kx wQ‡jb? K Wv³vi L m¤úv`K k mvsevw`K N Awf‡bZv 1267. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi †Kvb Av‡›`vjb †eMevb

Ki‡Z Zvrch©c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡Lb? K fvlv Av‡›`vjb k 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb M MYAv‡›`vjb N ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb

1268. ÔAvgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡eB Pj‡eÕ MvbwUi †jLK †K? K Ave yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix L RmxgD`& xb k wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi N wbg©‡j› y ¸Y

1269. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvd‡ii †Kvb iPbv †gnbwZ gvby‡li gyw³i †cÖiYv?

K Dcb¨vm L Kve¨ M Mí k MYmsMxZ

1270. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 1970 L 1973 k 1975 N 1976


1271. ÔAvwg †mB RM‡Z nvwi‡q †h‡Z PvBÕ PiYwUi ÔAvwgÕ †K?

K mvaviY gvbyl L `wi`ª gvbyl k Kwe wb‡R N †gnbwZ gvbyl

1272. Kwe †Kvb RM‡Z nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvb? K ¯^‡cœi RM‡Z L ev¯Íe RM‡Z M †hLv‡bB mevB _v‡K k †hLv‡b wbf©vebvq gvbyl Nygvq

1273. RxY© †eovi N‡i †K Nygvq? K gvbyl k fvebvnxb gvbyl M Kwei eÜy N Kwei cÖwZ‡ekx 1274. †Kv_vq †jv‡K †mvbv-iæcvi cvnvo Rgvq bv? k †hLv‡b wbf©vebvq gvbyl Nygvq L †hLv‡b gvbyl _v‡K bv M †hLv‡b gvby‡li †jvf i‡q‡Q N †hLv‡b gvbyl `ytLx 1275. ÔAvkvÕ KweZvq wK‡mi cvnv‡oi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K †jvnvi L Zvgvi k †mvbv-iæcvi N wmjfv‡ii

1276. ÔAvkvÕ KweZvq Ô†mvbv-iƒcviÕ cvnvo Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

k m¤ú` L fv‡jvevmv M †mœn N ggZv 1277. Ô†mvbv-iƒcviÕ cvnv‡oi m‡½ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q? K wbf©vebvi L RxY© †eovi k weË-my‡Li N cwikÖ‡gi

1278. weË-my‡Li `yf©vebvq †KvbwU K‡g? [Aby-1] K mgq L A_© k Avqy N fv‡jvevmv 1279. Ô†h_vq †jv‡K Zz”Q wb‡q/Zzó _v‡K fvBÕ Pi‡Yi

ÔZz”QÕ Kx A_© cÖKvk K‡i? K Ae‡nwjZ L bó M wb¤œgv‡bi k mvgvb¨ 1280. Kx wb‡q gvbyl Zzó _vK‡j Kwe †mB †`‡k hv‡eb? K Lvivc wRwbm k Zz”Q wRwbm M †bvsiv wRwbm N A‡bK m¤ú`

1281. mviv w`‡bi cwikÖ‡g hviv GK w`‡bi Avnvh© Lyu‡R cvq bv Zviv Kviv?

k `wi`ª gvbyl L ga¨weË gvbyl M AmvaviY gvbyl N abx gvbyl

1282. Zz”Q wb‡q Zzó _vKv gvby‡liv †Kv_vq _v‡K? K cvKv evwo‡Z o RxY© N‡i M AÆvwjKvq N cvnv‡oi Xvjy‡Z 1283. ÔfvZÕ kãwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? K Zz”Q L cwikÖg o Avnvh© N mÂq

1284. ÔAvnvh©Õ K_vi gv‡b Kx? o Lv`¨`ªe¨ L LvIqv M Avnvix N Avgš¿Y

1285. ÔAvkvÕ KweZvq gvby‡li g‡b Kx †bB? K nZvkv o `xbZv M myL N B”Qv 1286. †Kv_vKvi gvbyl gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z cv‡i? o †hLv‡b `xbZv †bB L †hLv‡b nZvkv †bB M †hLv‡b A_© †bB N †hLv‡b Lvevi †bB

1287. †bB `yivkv Møvwb/†bB `xbZv, c‡ii PiY †KvbwU? K Avqy Kgvq bv L cvq bv hviv Lyu‡R k †bB †Kv‡bv mskq N evm‡Z cv‡i fv‡jv 1288. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi †Kvb RM‡Z nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvb? K †hLv‡bv gvqv †bB o †hLv‡b `xbZv I mskq †bB M †hLv‡b cÖwZ‡ekx †bB N †hLv‡b Auvavi N‡i Av‡jv R¡‡j

1289. Kvi Auvavi N‡i Av‡jv R¡vjvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K Kwei o cÖwZ‡ekxi M Zzó †jv‡Ki N fvebvnxb gvbyl

1290. gvbyl †hLv‡b gvbyl‡K fv‡jvev‡m †mLv‡b cÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i Kx K‡i?

K RUjv K‡i L ˆn‰P K‡i M gvivgvwi K‡i o Av‡jv R¡v‡j

1291. ÔcÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i/R¡vj‡Z cv‡i Av‡jvÕ GLv‡b Av‡jv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? [Aby-2]

K cvi¯úwiK m¤úÖxwZ k wec‡` mvnvh¨ Kiv M G‡K A‡bï †LuvR †bIqv N KvD‡K Zz”Q bv fvev 1292. Kwe wK‡mi AšÍiv‡j nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvb? K cÖK…wZi L Avb‡›ì o Kvbœv-nvwmi N fv‡jvevmvi

1293. Kwe Ab¨ RM‡Z nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvb †Kb? K nZvkvi Kvi‡Y o RvMwZK RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y M wcÖqRb‡ì m‡½ eëav‡bi Kvi‡Y N gvby‡li Lvivc AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y


1294. ÔwbïZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K ivZ k bxie M wbN©yg N cyi‡bv 1295. ÔRxY©Õ A_© Kx? k ÿqcÖvß L uov M †Quov N cyi‡bv 1296. hvi †Kv‡bv `yf©vebv †bB Zv‡K GK K_vq Kx e‡j? k wbf©vebv L myLx M Z¨vMx N wPšÍv 1297. ÔRxY© †eovi N‡iÕ GLv‡b ÔRxY© †eovÕ Kx A_©

cÖKvk K‡i? k `wi`ªZv L Kó M ytL N Av‡ÿc

1298. Kx wba©vwiZ bq? K gvby‡li Kó L gvby‡li wbivkv M gvby‡li Av‡eM o gvbyl Kxfv‡e myLx n‡e †mB welq

1299. wK‡mi wPšÍvq gvby‡li iv‡Z Nyg nq bv? K yt‡Li L K‡ói o my‡Li N wejvwmZvi

1300. Rxeb hš¿Yvgq nq wK‡m? K yt‡L L †e`bvq M Avj‡m¨ o †jv‡f 1301. Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv wK‡m? K m¤ú‡` L Kv‡R o A‡bï DcKv‡i N A‡bï m¤ú‡ì Avkvq

1302. Rxe‡bi gnË¡ wK‡m? o gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevmvq L gvbyl‡K N„Yv Kivq M A‡bK m¤ú` Avni‡Y N A‡bK Kv‡Ri g‡a¨


1303. ÔAvkvÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q? K wZwgivwšÍK o gvje †KŠwkK M e„wðK jMœ N cÖmbœ cÖni


1304. RvMwZK GB c„w_ex µgk †Kgb n‡q DV‡Q? K †jvfx L mij M AnsKvix o RwUj

1305. gvbyl µgk AvZ¥‡Kw› ªK n‡q co‡Q GLv‡b AvZ¥‡Kw› ªK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

o ïay wb‡Ri wPšÍv Kiv L AvZ¥x‡qi wPšÍv Kiv M mK‡ji wPšÍv Kiv N cwiev‡ii I mgv‡Ri wPšÍv Kiv 1306. gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li Kx evo‡Q? K m¤úK© L wPšÍv M fv‡jvevmv o eëavb

1307. Kwe Kv‡ì Kv‡Q †h‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? K eÜyi L `wi`ª gvby‡li o cÖK…Z gvby‡li N RivwK¬ó gvby‡li

1308. Kwe mwZ¨Kvi gvbyl ej‡Z Kv‡ì eywS‡q‡Qb? K hviv cwikÖg K‡i bv L hviv A_© m¤ú‡ì cvnvo M‡o o hviv cÖwZ‡ekx‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i N hviv Amnvq


1309. Kwe nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvb i. †hLv‡b Mfxi iv‡Z wbf©vebvq gvbyl Nygvq ii. †hLv‡b †jv‡K ab-m¤ú` Rgvq bv iii. †hLv‡b gvbyl weË-my‡Li Rb¨ Rxeb wecbœ K‡i bv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1310. Ô†mvbv-i~cvqÕ cvnvo Rgv‡bv ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡Qb

i. A‡bK A_©-m¤ú` Rgv‡bv ii. A‡bK Mnbv Rgv‡bv iii. UvKv-cqmv I m¤ú‡ì AvwaK¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1311. ÔweË-my‡Li `yf©vebvÕ ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡Qb

i. m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ wPšÍv bv Kiv ii. AwaK A‡_©i †jvf iii. m¤ú` I my‡Li Rb¨ nvnvKvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1312. Zviv Zz”Q wb‡q Zzó _v‡K, hviv

i. myLx gvbyl ii. wbf©vebvq Nygv‡Z cv‡i iii. gbyl¨‡Z¡i AwaKvix


1313. †hLvbKvi gvbyl gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z cv‡i †mLvbKvi gvbyl i. cÖwZ‡ekxi yt‡L GwM‡q Av‡m ii. Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv yivkv _v‡K bv iii. Zviv Amnvq nq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1314. cÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i Av‡jv R¡vjv‡bvi ga¨

w`‡q gvby‡li †h êwkó¨ cÖKvk cvq Zv n‡jv i. wbt¯^v‡_© ii. DcKvix iii. gvbe‡cÖwgK

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1315. †h kã¸”Q ÔAvkvÕ KweZvq i‡q‡Q

i. wbïZ, weË ii. Zzó, Bó iii. Avnvh©, Auvavi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1316. †mB RM‡Zi Kvbœv-nvwmi AšÍiv‡j fvB Avwg nvwi‡q †h‡Z

PvB GLv‡b ÔKvbœv-nvwmÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q i. myL-`ytL ii. Avb›` iii. fv‡jv-g›`



DÏxcKwU c‡o 2359 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : GK`v AZ¨vPvix GK †gvoj Amy¯’ n‡j Zvi †ivMgyw³i

Rb¨ KweivR civgk© †`q myLx gvby‡li Rvgv civi| A‡bK †LuvRvLyuwRi ci GKRb myLx gvbyl cvIqv †M‡jI †`Lv hvq, Zvi †Kv‡bv Rvgv †bB| [Aby-3]

1317. DÏxc‡Ki myLx gvbylwUi mv‡_ ÔAvkvÕ KweZvq mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q

K abx‡ì L `wi`ª‡ì k AvZ¥Z…ß‡ì N yf©vebvMÖ¯Í‡ì

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1318 I 1319bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gwZb Zvi Pvicv‡ki Ae¯’v †`‡L Kó †eva K‡i|

Pviw`‡Ki ¯^v_©ci gvbyl †`‡L Zvi g‡b nq, †m hw` Ab¨ RM‡Z P‡j †h‡Z cviZ Z‡e fv‡jv n‡Zv|

1318. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q? o Avkv L cÖvY M Rxeb-m½xZ N AÜea~

1319. wgj i‡q‡Q †h Kvi‡Y i. RvMwZK RwUjZv †`‡L Kó cvIqv ii. fv‡jvevmvc~Y© RM‡Zi AvKv•ÿv iii. †hLv‡b i‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB _vK‡Z PvIqv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 1320 I 1321bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : c~Rvix, yqvi †Lv‡jv, ÿzavi VvKzi ùvov‡q `yqv‡i c~Rvi mgq n‡jv! ¯^cb †`wLqv AvKzj c~Rvix Lywjj fRbvjq, †èZvi e‡i AvR ivRv-UvRv n‡q hv‡e wbðq!

[Z_¨m~Î : gvbyl KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg] 1320. DÏxc‡Ki c~Rvwii m‡½ ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi Kvi

mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q? K Kwei L fvebvnxb gvby‡li M Nywg‡q _vKv gvby‡li o weË-my‡Li yf©vebvq _vKv gvby‡li

1321. mv „‡kï KviY i. m¤ú‡ì †jvf ii. m¤ú‡ì †jv‡f yf©vebvq _vKv iii. †jvfx gvbwmKZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 1322 I 1323bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : c‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯^v_© w`qv ewj G Rxeb gb mKwj `vI, ... ... ... ... ... ... mK‡ji Z‡i mK‡j Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgiv c‡ii Z‡i| 1322. DÏxc‡Ki g~jfv‡ei cÖKvk ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi

†Kvb Pi‡Y dz‡U I‡V? K †h_vq †jv‡K †mvbv-iƒcvq L weË-my‡Li `yf©vebvq cvnvo Rgvq bv Avqy Kgvq bv M ZzeI hv‡ì g‡bi †Kv‡Y o cÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i †bB `yivkv Møvwb

R¡vj‡Z cv‡i Av‡jv 1323. Dfq RvqMvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

i. gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡ai K_v ii. wbt¯^v_© gvbwmKZv iii. gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z cvivi K_v


KweZv 10 Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB Avnmvb nvexe

cvVëB we‡kølY


1324. Kwe Avnmvb nvexe KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? o 1917 mv‡j L 1919 mv‡j M 1921 mv‡j N 1927 mv‡j 1325. wK‡mi weiæ‡× Avnmvb nvexe e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb? K 71Õi hy×vcivax L ivR‰bwZK AbvPvi M agx©q †gŠjev` o mvgvwRK êlg¨ 1326. KZ wLªóv‡ã Avnmvb nvex‡ei Rxebvemvb N‡U? K 1984 wLª. o 1985 wLª. M 1986 wLª. N 1987 wLª.


1327. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi cÖ_g cO&w³ †KvbwU? K Avwg †Kv‡bv Af¨vMZ bB L Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB o Avmgv‡bi Zviv mvÿx N †Lv`vi Kmg Avwg †Kv‡bv wfb‡`wk cw_K bB

1328. Ô†gvi bvg GB e‡j L¨vZ †nvK, Avwg †Zvgv‡ìB †jvK|Õ cO&w³wUi fv‡ei mv‡_ mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q †Kvb Pi‡Yi?

K gvQivOv Avgv‡K †P‡b o Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB M gvwU‡Z Avgvi MÜ N Avwg ¯^vwcœK wbq‡g GLv‡bB _vwK 1329. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwe

Avmgv‡bi Zviv‡K mvÿx †g‡b‡Qb †Kb? o kvk¦Z Ae¯’v‡bi ¸iæ‡Z¡ L iv‡Z Av‡jv †`q e‡j M AvKv‡k wgwUwgwU R¡‡j N Kwei LyDe cQ‡›ì 1330. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Avmgv‡bi

Zvivi c‡i Kwe Kv‡K mvÿx †g‡b? K euvkevMvb o Rwg‡bi dzj M Rviæj Rvgiæj N cy‡ei cyKzi 1331. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq euvkevMv‡bi

cwi‡ek †Kgb? K Puv‡ì Av‡jvq Sjgj L ivZ _g _g Íä wbSzg o wbwkivBZ we¯Íi †RvbvwK N Wvû‡Ki Wv‡K QgQg

1332. ÔwbwkivBZÕ kãwU ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi †Kvb A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

K KweZvi AjsKvi o Mfxi ivZ M iv‡Zi K_ïƒc N Kvj ivZ 1333. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq we¯Íi

†RvbvwK †Kv_vq? o euvkevMv‡b L cPv †Wvevq M mycvwi e‡b N MÖvgxY c‡_ 1334. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Rviæj

Rvgiæj n‡jv K Kwei eÜy L Kwei wcÖqRb M cÖK…wZi †kvfv o Kwei mvÿx 1335. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq gvQivOv

w¯’i „wó‡Z ZvwK‡q Av‡Q †Kb? o wkKv‡i g‡bvms‡hvM L †Mvmj Kivi R‡b¨ M †iŠ‡`ª †fRv cvLv ïKv‡Z N Kwe‡K †`Lvi Rb¨


1336. Kwe Avnmvb nvexe Af¨vMZ bb †Kb? K Kwe wc‡ivRcy‡ii k¼icvkvq R‡š§‡Qb e‡j L Kwei Rš§wbeÜb mb` i‡q‡Q e‡j o †`‡ki Pvicv‡ki cÖK…wZ Kwe‡K †P‡b e‡j N wZwb GKwU cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K e‡j 1337. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ kxl©K cO&w³‡Z

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q o ¯^‡`‡ki mšÍvb wn‡m‡e Kwei ¯^xKv‡ivw³ L ¯^‡`‡ki mšÍvb wn‡m‡e Kwei `‡¤¢vw³ M Kwei ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi e¨Äbv N Kwei ¯^‡`k M‡e© Mwe©Z Dw³ 1338. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwei Aw¯Í‡Z¡i

mc‡ÿ Avgiv agx©q Rxe‡bi †Kvb w`KwU Luy‡R cvB? K mvÿx gvbv L Zvivdz‡ji K_v ejv o Kmg Kiv N KweZv iPbv 1339. ÔAvwg wQjvg GLv‡bÕ KweZvi G jvBbwU‡Z

ÔGLv‡bÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q o ¯^‡`k‡K L euvkevMvb‡K M cy‡ei cyKzi‡K N Zvivi wb‡Pi Rwgb‡K 1340. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq †Kvb

ai‡bi cvwLiv Kwe‡K †P‡b? o K¬všÍ we‡K‡ji cvwLiv L nvIi-we‡ji cvwLiv M AwZw_ cvwLiv N cwihvqx cvwLiv 1341. Avnmvb nvexe Kvi wPi‡Pbv ¯^Rb? [Aby. 1] K cvwLi o K`g Avjxi M †RvbvwKi N Rwgjvi gvÕi 1342. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Rwgjvi gv †K? o Kwei cwiwPZRb L Kwei AvZ¥xqv M Kwei M„ncwiPvwiKv N Kwei AbvZ¥xqv 1343. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwe †Kv_vq

nvZ ivL‡Z e‡j‡Qb? K Wzgy‡ii Wv‡j o êVvq jvO‡j M Rwg‡bi dz‡j N KvwZ©‡Ki av‡b 1344. Kwe êVvq jvO‡j nvZ ivL‡Z e‡j‡Qb †Kb? [Aby. 2] K kc_ †bqvi Rb¨ o cik Abyfe Kivi Rb¨ M Kwe‡K Luy‡R cvevi Rb¨ N Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ 1345. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq ÔêVvq

jvO‡jÕ Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q? o kÖg I msMÖv‡gi cÖZxK L ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖZxK M MÖvgevsjvi wbZëënvh© e¯‘i cÖZxK N †kvwlZ I ewÂZ‡ì cÖZxK

1346. ÔêVvq jvO‡jÕ Kwei nv‡Zi ¯úk© †Kgb? K Avj‡Zv L †bvsiv o Mfxi N †Lqvwj 1347. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwe Zuv‡K

wek¦vm Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb †Kb? K Zv‡K Avmgv‡bi Zviv †P‡b e‡j L wZwb K`g Avjxi ¯^Rb e‡j o wZwb †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bb e‡j N wZwb GKwU cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K e‡j 1348. ay ay b`xi wKbv‡ii Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq? K wc‡ivRcy‡i o Kwei Aw¯Í‡Z¡ M avb‡L‡Zi cv‡k N Rwgjvi gvÕi N‡ii †Kv‡Y


1349. †Kv‡bvwKQy wbR †Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb Ggb KvD‡K GK K_vq Kx ejv nq?

K mvÿ¨ o mvÿx M ev`x N weev`x 1350. ÔMuv_vÕ kãwUi AvÿwiK A_© wn‡m‡e †KvbwU

mg_©b‡hvM¨? o iPbv L gvjv M KweZv N eY©bv


1351. Rš§f‚wgi m‡½ gvby‡li m¤úK© †Kgb? K R‡š§i L g„Zzï M Kg©Rxe‡bi o AvRxe‡bi 1352. ÔAvRxebÕ kãwU Øviv Kx †evSvq? o Rxeb ch©šÍ L g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ M Avmgvb mgvb Rxeb N Rxeb mgvb Avmgvb 1353. ÔnvZ iv‡Lv êVvq jvO‡jÕ GLv‡b ÔêVv-jvO‡jiÕ

mv‡_ †Kvb †kÖwYi gvby‡li m¤úK© i‡q‡Q? K awbK †kÖwYi L wkwÿZ †kÖwYi o K…lK †kÖwYi N †kŠwLb knievmxi


1354. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi K`g Avjxi AKvj eva©‡Kï Rb¨ `vqx Kiv hvq i. Afve‡K ii. cywónxbZv‡K iii. cwikÖg‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1355. Kwe Avnmvb nvex‡ei gvbwmK `„pZvi cÖKvk

N‡U‡Q †h cO&w³‡Z i. Avwg †Kv‡bv Af¨vMZ bB ii. †Lv`vi Kmg Avwg wfb‡`wk cw_K bB iii. Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1356. ÔAvgvi kix‡i †j‡M Av‡Q GB wmœ» gvwUi

myevm|Õ GB cO&w³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Kwei i. Rš§f‚wgi mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv ii. gvwUi mv‡_ mL¨ fve iii. †`k‡cÖ‡gi MfxiZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1357. Kwei wfb‡`wk cw_K bv nIqvi KviY

i. G e¨vcv‡i Avmgv‡bi Zviv, Rwg‡bi dzj mvÿx ii. cy‡ei cyKzi, SuvKov Wzgyi I gvQivOv Kwe‡K †P‡b iii. G e¨vcv‡i Kwe mªóvi bv‡g Kmg K‡ib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M i I iii o i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1358bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wicf¨vb DBsKj `xN© wek eQi ci Zvi Muv‡q wd‡i

G‡j Zv‡K †KD wPb‡Z cv‡iwb| mevB Zvi w`‡K DrmyK `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l Zvi ¯^Rb Ug G‡j me m‡›`‡ni Aemvb N‡U| [Aby. 3]

1358. DÏxc‡Ki U‡gi mv‡_ ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q

o K`g Avjxi L Rwgjv gvÕi M A‡eva evj‡Ki N wfb‡`wk cw_‡Ki DÏxcKwU c‡o 1359 I 1360bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cÖvq wZb eQi evB‡i KvwU‡q kv‡qi‡ì cwievi

Avevi MÖv‡g wd‡i G‡m‡Q| cuvP eQi eqmx kv‡qi AevK n‡q ZvjcyKzi cv‡oi ZvjMvQwUi w`‡K ZvKvq| ZvjMvQwUI †hb ggZvf‡i Zv‡K †`L‡Q| Ggwb mg‡q †Kv‡Ì‡K †hb GKmgqKvi †cvlv KzKzi G‡m kv‡q‡ii Mv kuyK‡Z ïiæ K‡i|

1359. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ †Zvgvi cvVëB‡qi †Kvb KweZvi fveMZ wgj i‡q‡Q?

K Avgvi †`k o Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB M muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q N †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv 1360. DÏxc‡Ki kv‡q‡ii mg_©b cvIqv hvq ÔAvwg

†Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi i. Kwei g‡a¨ ii. K`g Avjxi g‡a¨ iii. Rwgjvi gv‡qi g‡a¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M i I iii N ii I iii

KweZv 11 ivbvi myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©



1361. Kwe myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© KZ e½v‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? o 1333 L 1334 M 1335 N 1336 1362. myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© 1333 e½v‡ãi †Kvb Zvwi‡L

Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 30 †k Avlvp o 30 †k kÖveY M 31 †k Avlvp N 32 †k kÖveY 1363. myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K XvKv jÿ¥xevRv‡i L h‡kv‡ii k¨vgevRv‡i M b`xqvi K…òcy‡i o KjKvZvi KvjxNv‡U 1364. Kwe myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i ˆcZ…K wbevm †Kv_vq? K Kzwgjøvi g‡bvniM‡Ä L XvKvi weµgcy‡i o †MvcvjM‡Äi †KvUvwjcvovq N gv¸ivi kÎæwRrcy‡i

1365. myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i wcZvi bvg Kx? K wbeviYP›`ª AvPvh© o wbeviYP›`ª fÆvPvh© M weRbP›`ª cyiKvq¯’ N myKzgvi fÆvPvh© 1366. myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i gv‡qi bvg Kx? K Kzmyg Kzgvix †èx L ¯^Y©gqx †èx o mybxwZ †èx N mybxwZevjv 1367. †Kvb hy‡× wek¦e¨vcx aŸsm I g„Zzï ZvÐejxjv P‡j? K wµwgqvi hy‡× L cÖ_g gnvhy‡× o wØZxq gnvhy‡× N BivK-Bivb hy‡× 1368. wek¦e¨vcx aŸsm I g„Zzï ZvÐejxjv Kv‡K

cÖejfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ K‡i?

K wkï myKvšÍ‡K o wK‡kvi myKvšÍ‡K M hyeK myKvšÍ‡K N cwiYZ myKvšÍ‡K 1369. ÔZvÐejxjvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K ZÐygywb D™¢vweZ b„Z¨ L DÏvg b„Z¨ o fqsKi ev cÖjq¼i aŸsm Kvh©

N hy× hy× †Ljv

1370. mvgvwRK bvbv AbvPvi I êlg¨ Kv‡K cÖejfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ K‡i?

K fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi‡K L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡K M gnvKwe Kvq‡Kvev`‡K o myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©‡K 1371. ÔGQvov mvgvwRK bvbv AbvPvi I êlg¨ Zv‡K

cÖejfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ K‡i|Õ G wPÎK‡íi e³e¨ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi †Kvb hyw³wU mg_©b‡hvM¨?

K gvbe‡cÖg L †`k‡cÖg M civaxbZv I Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` o AbvPvi I êl‡gï weiæ‡× cÖwZev` 1372. Ôwek¦e¨vcx aŸsm I g„Zzï ZvÐejxjv wK‡kvi

myKvšÍ‡K `viæYfv‡e ¯úk© K‡i|Õ G wPÎK‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q

K myKv‡šÍi RvZxqZvev` L myKv‡šÍi AvÂwjKZvev` M myKv‡šÍi cÖv‡`wkKZvev` o myKv‡šÍi AvšÍR©vwZKZvev`


1373. myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i KweZvq Kx aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q? o AbvPvi I êl‡gï weiæ‡× cÖej cÖwZev` L mvgªvRëv‡ì weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn M Jcwb‡ewkKZvev‡ì weiæ‡× †møvMvb N AZ¨vPvixi Kvivi cÖvPxi fvOvi Mvb 1374. myKv‡šÍi KweZvq aŸwbZ AbvPvi I êl‡gï

weiæ‡× cÖej cÖwZev` Avgv‡ì Kx K‡i? K ÿzä L weÿzä M wecøex o mPwKZ 1375. myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© †Kvb RvZxq Kwe? K mvgvwRK AbvPviwe‡ivax Kwe L bvMwiK Kwe o wecøex Kwe N gvbeZvwe‡ivax Kwe 1376. Kvi KweZvq wbcxwoZ MYgvby‡li cÖwZ Mfxi

ggZvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? K i½jvj †m‡bi o myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i M mywbg©j emyi N ey×‡è fÆvPv‡h©i 1377. †KvbwU myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’? K ivbvi o QvocÎ M AwMœexYv N AbjcÖevn 1378. myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i ÔniZvjÕ †Kvb RvZxq MÖš’? K ivR‰bwZK L msMxZ M bvUK o Kve¨ 1379. KZ mv‡j Kwe myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© gviv hvb? o 1354 e½v‡ã L 1355 e½v‡ã M 1364 e½v‡ã N 1365 e½v‡ã 1380. 1356 e½v‡ãi KZ Zvwi‡L Kwe myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©

gviv hvb? K 25 †k êkvL o 29 †k êkvL M 11B ˆR¨ô N 22 †k kÖveY 1381. KZ eQi eq‡m myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 41 eQi eq‡m L 31 eQi eq‡m o 21 eQi eq‡m N 20 eQi eq‡m 1382. Ô29 †k êkvL 1354 mv‡j gvÎ GKzk eQi eq‡m

Kwe g„ZzëiY K‡ib|Õ G ev‡K¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q K AšÍa©vb L wZ‡ivavb M gnvcÖqvY o AKvj cÖqvY 1383. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Kv‡K ÔwK‡kvi KweÕ ejv nq? o myyKvšÍ fÆvPvh©‡K L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K M Avj gvngy`‡K N kvgmyi ivngvb‡K


1384. ÔivbviÕ kãwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †Kvb A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

K †`Šowe` o WvK niKiv M †evSvB RvnvR N †fv‡ii m~h© 1385. ÔSzgSzgÕ k‡ã Kx evR‡Q? K wUb fwZ© gywo L †KuvPi fwZ© †e_yj M WzMWzwM o NÈv 1386. ivbvi c_ Pj‡Q o iv‡Z L †fv‡i M ycy‡i N weKv‡j 1387. ivbvi Kx nv‡Z c_ Pj‡Q? K ek©v L jÉb o Le‡ii †evSv N jvwV 1388. Ôivbvi P‡j‡Q Le‡ii †evSv nv‡ZÕ G wPÎK‡í

dz‡U IVv wb‡Pi †Kvb hyw³wU mg_©b‡hvM¨? K ivbvi Le‡ii †evSv e‡q Pj‡Q L Le‡ii †evSv ivbvi nv‡Z K‡i wb‡q P‡j‡Q o ivbvi Leivw` †cuŠQv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q N ivbvi Lei bvgK cwÎKv wewji KvR Ki‡Q 1389. Ôivbvi P‡j‡Q, ivbvi|Õ G wPÎK‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q o wbišÍi c_ Pjv L SzgSzg kã Zz‡j c_ Pjv M Le‡ii †evSv nv‡Z Qy‡U Pjv N iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i Qy‡U Pjv 1390. ivbvi iv‡Zi c‡_ c‡_ P‡j †Kb? K ivbvi iv‡Z c_ P‡j Af¨¯Í o Lye †fv‡i WvK †cuŠQv‡Z n‡e M w`‡b c_ Pjvq bvbv Sv‡gjv N iv‡Zi evav †ciæ‡Z ivbvi cQ›` K‡i

1391. Ôwb‡laÕ kãwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †Kvb A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

K mZK© evZ©v o cÖwZeÜKZv M Aïf jÿY N fq 1392. w`MšÍ †_‡K w`M‡šÍ †K Qy‡U P‡j? K ivbv‡ii gv o ivbvi M `my¨ N ivbv‡ii eÜy 1393. Ôw`MšÍ †_‡K w`M‡šÍ †Qv‡U ivbviÕ wPÎK‡í g~Z© n‡q‡Q o `yišÍ ivbv‡ii eû ~‡ii c_ Pjv L ivbv‡ii mxgvnxb c‡_ †QvUv M w`MšÍ cwien‡b ivbv‡ii Pjv‡div N GwU GKwU Kvwe¨K e¨Äbv 1394. ÔbZzb Lei AvbviÕ KvR wb‡q‡Q †K? K ivRbxwZwe` L eyw×Rxex o ivbvi N QvÎmgvR 1395. ÔbZzb LeiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evS? K msKUc~Y© AvšÍR©vwZK Lei L D‡ËRbvc~Y© RvZxq msev` M wkniY RvMv nZ¨v inm¨ o myL-`yt‡Li ARvbv Lei 1396. ivbvi †Kgb †evSv Kuv‡a wb‡q‡Q? K bZzb Le‡ii o Rvbv-ARvbvi M mZK© evZ©vi N ûKzg Rvwii 1397. ivbvi Kx †evSvB K‡i P‡j‡Q? K bZzb Lei o wPwV Avi msev` M UvKv-cqmv N km¨KYv 1398. ÔeywS †fvi nq nqÕ Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K m~‡h©v`‡qi c~e©vfvm L †fvi nIqvi m¤¢vebv o †fvi nIqvi k¼v N m~‡h©v`‡qi evmbv 1399. Kwe ivbvi‡K Kxfv‡e c_ Pj‡Z ej‡Qb? K ax‡i my‡¯’ L wX‡gZv‡j M ¯^vfvweK Q‡›` o AviI †Rv‡i, AviI †Rv‡i 1400. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ewY©Z ivbvi †Kgb? K fxiæ L Ajm o `ye©vi yR©q N PvjvK PZzi 1401. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b ivbv‡ii A`g¨

I ywb©evi fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Kvb welqwUi gva¨‡g?

K ivbvi P‡j‡Q ivbvi o G ivbvi `ye©vi `yR©q M ivbvi! ivbvi! N ivbvi! MÖv‡gi ivbvi! 1402. avegvb ivbv‡ii wcQ‡b e‡bi m‡i hvIqv‡K

Kwe wK‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb? K nwi‡Yi L ytmg‡qi o Rxe‡bi ¯‡cœi N ye©vi MwZ‡Z c_ Pjvi 1403. ÔeywS nq jvj I c~e© †Kv‡Y|Õ ej‡Z Kwe Kx

eywS‡q‡Qb? K †ij †÷k‡bi jvj wmMb¨vj o m~‡h©v`q M WvKN‡ii jvj WvK ev·

N jÉ‡bi Av‡jv 1404. iv‡Zi Zviviv AevK †Pv‡L ZvKvq †Kb? o ivbv‡ii Pjvi †eM †`‡L L ivbv‡ii wPwVi †evSv †`‡L M ivbv‡ii Avbv bZzb Le‡i N ivbv‡ii NÈv mv‡_ evRvi k‡ã 1405. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii MwZ‡e‡Mi mv‡_ Kwe

wK‡mi mv „k¨ Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb? K Rvnv‡Ri o nwi‡Yi M e‡bi N Zvivi 1406. ÔAevK iv‡Zi Zviviv, AvKv‡k wgU&wgU& K‡i

PvqÕ G wPÎK‡í g~Z© n‡q‡Q K Zviv‡ì wgU& wgU& K‡i R¡jv L Zviv‡ì AevK †Pv‡L ZvKv‡bv o Zvivi Av‡jvq ivbv‡ii Awek¦vm¨ MwZ‡Z c_Pjv N ivbv‡ii m‡e‡M nwi‡Yi g‡Zv avIqv

1407. ivbvi kn‡i KLb †cuŠQ‡e? K gvS iv‡Z L †kl iv‡Z o †fv‡i N m~‡h©v`q c‡i 1408. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq h_vmg‡q wbw ©ó MšÍ‡e¨ †cuŠQvi

`„p Av¯’vi fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q K †evSvB RvnvR ivbvi P‡j‡Q wPwV Avi

msev‡` L ivbvi P‡j‡Q, eywS †fvi nq nq o kn‡i ivbvi hv‡eB †cuŠ‡Q †fv‡i N G †evSv Uvbvi w`b K‡e †kl n‡e 1409. kZ MÖvg-c_ m‡i hvq †Kb? K c„w_exi AvwýK MwZi d‡j o ivbv‡ii c_cwiµgvq M bZzb Lei †kvbvi †KŠZ‚n‡j N ivbvi‡K c_ K‡i w`‡Z 1410. ivbv‡ii nv‡Z Kx? K jvwV L ek©v M cwÎKv o jÉb 1411. jÉb Kx K‡i? o Av‡jv †`q L Vb&Vb& kã K‡i M †auvqv Qovq N evZv‡m Kuv‡c 1412. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †K Av‡jv †`q? o †RvbvwK L jÉb M Puv` N Zviv 1413. Ôgv‰ftÕ kãwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †Kvb A‡_©

eën„Z n‡q‡Q? K g‡š¿v”PviY L Avwkm o Afqe¨ÄK N c`we 1414. Ôgv‰ft ivbvi! GL‡bv iv‡Zi Kv‡jv|Õ G

wPÎK‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q o ivbv‡ii mwVK mg‡q MšÍ‡e¨ †cuŠQvi e¨MÖZv L iv‡Zi Auvav‡i Ôgv‰fÕ i‡e Qy‡U Pjv M ivZ evwK Av‡Q e‡j ivbv‡ii RcZ‡c

g‡bvwb‡ek N iv‡Zi fq n‡Z gyw³ †c‡Z ivbv‡ii gv‰ft

g‡š¿v”PviY 1415. ÔGgwb K‡iB Rxe‡bi eû eQi‡K wcQy †d‡jÕ G

wPÎK‡í dz‡U IVv wb‡Pi †Kvb hyw³wU mvg_©b‡hvM¨? o Rxe‡bi eû eQie¨vcx ivbvi Zvi `vwqZ¡

cvjb Ki‡Q L ivbvi Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi wnmve iv‡Lwb M Rxe‡bi ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv ivbv‡ii RxebI

wcQ‡b m‡i †M‡Q N ivbv‡ii Rxeb eQ‡ii ci eQi †`Šov‡Z

†K‡U †M‡Q 1416. ÔivbviÕ ÿzwaZ †Kb? K Lvqwb e‡j L Awfgv‡b Lvevi Lvqwb o N‡i‡Z Afve

N Afz³ Ae¯’vq ivbv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq 1417. Kx AvKvk Quy‡q‡Q? K ivbv‡ii nZvkv L ivbv‡ii †ÿvf M ivbv‡ii ¯^cœ o ivbv‡ii K¬všÍk¦vm 1418. wK‡m gvwU wf‡R †M‡Q? K e„wó‡Z L wkwk‡i o Nv‡g N AkÖæ‡Z 1419. ÒAvKvk †Quvqv K¬vwšÍ Avi Rwg‡b wfwR‡q †Ìqv

Ng©v³ K‡je‡i ivbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|Ó ivbv‡ii Rxe‡bi GB cÖK…wZ dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Kvb cO&w³wUi mv_©K cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g?

K w`MšÍ †_‡K w`M‡šÍ †QvU ivbvi L Av‡iv †Rv‡i, Av‡iv †Rv‡i, G ivbvi `ye©vi `yR©q M †Kgb K‡i G ivbvi m‡e‡M nwi‡Yi g‡Zv hvq o K¬všÍk¦vm Quy‡q‡Q AvKvk, gvwU wf‡R †M‡Q Nv‡g 1420. Aí `v‡g Kx †Kbv n‡q‡Q? o ivbv‡ii Rxe‡bi me ivZ L Rxe‡bi me ¯^cœ M ivbv‡ii enb Kiv †evSv N ivbv‡ii me© Kg©cÖ‡Póv


1421. ÁRxe‡bi me ivwÎ‡K Iiv wK‡b‡Q Aí `v‡g|Ó GLv‡b ÔIivÕ ej‡Z Kv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K ivbvi L miKvi o iv‡ó«i myweav‡fvMx †kÖwY N iv‡ó«i cÖwZwµqvkxj kw³ 1422. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq wcÖqv GKv kh¨vq wewb`ª ivZ

Rv‡M †Kb? K bZzb Le‡ii cÖZ¨vkvq o ivbv‡ii wei‡n M evevi evwoi wPwV Avm‡e e‡j N ivbv‡ii m‡½ ivM K‡i 1423. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwe wK‡mi w`b †kl nIqvi

K_v e‡j‡Qb? o †evSv Uvbvi w`b L ¯^cœ †`Lvi w`b M K¬všÍk¦v‡m AvKvk †Quvqvi w`b N Nv‡g gvwU †fRvi w`b 1424. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwei †evSv Uvbvi w`b †kl

nIqvi K_v ejvi KviY K G †evSv Lye fvix o G †evSv Amxg K‡ói, A‡kl eÂbvi M ivZ †kl n‡q Avm‡Q e‡j N wcÖqv GKv kh¨vq wewb`ª ivZ RvMvq 1425. ÔivZÕ kãwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †Kvb A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q? K ivwÎ L Auvavi M A¯úóZv o `yt‡Li cÖni 1426. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq eën„Z Ôm~h©Õ wK‡mi cÖZxK? o mg„× fwel¨‡Zi L WvK †cuŠQvi M w`‡bi m~Pbvi N KvR †kl nIqvi 1427. †Kv_vq Afve? K cwÎKvq o N‡i‡Z M evRv‡i N Wv÷we‡bi 1428. ivbvi c„w_exUv‡K Kx g‡b K‡i? K Av‡jvKgq L ywe©ln M cy®úKkh¨v o Kv‡jv †auvqv 1429. ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv ÔKv‡jv †auvqvÕ g‡b nq

†Kb? [Aby-1] K †gNv”Qbœ _vKvq k Afv‡ei Zvobvq M m~h© bv IVvq N KjKviLvbvi Kvi‡Y 1430. ivbv‡ii N‡ii eY©bvq Avgiv mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi

†Kvb w`KwU Luy‡R cvB? o ivbv‡ii KóKi Rxeb L ivbv‡ii wcÖqvi GKv wbNy©g ivZ hvcb M Qv-†cvlv Kg©Pvix‡ì nv-fv‡Z Rxeb N bvixi cÖwZ Ae‡njvi wPÎ 1431. ivbv‡ii wc‡V wK‡mi †evSv? K wPwVi L Le‡ii o UvKvi N yt‡Li 1432. ivbvi Zvi wc‡Vi UvKv Quy‡Z cv‡e bv †Kb? K f‡q o `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y M N„Yvq N kÖ×vq 1433. `myï f‡qi †P‡qI ivbvi m~h© IVv‡K †ewk fq

cvq †Kb? [Aby-2] K PvKwi nviv‡bvi Rb¨ L WvK bv cvIqvi f‡q M evwo †divi Zvov _vKvq k `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y 1434. Kvi yt‡Li wPwV †KD †Kv‡bvw`bI co‡e bv? K AevK Zvivi o ivbv‡ii M weiwnYx wcÖqvi N e‡bi nwi‡Yi 1435. Kvi `yt‡Li K_v kni I MÖv‡gi †KD Rvb‡e bv? o ivbv‡ii L AvKv‡ki Zvivi M e‡bi nwi‡Yi N weiwnYx wcÖqvi 1436. Kv‡jv iv‡Zi Lv‡g Kvi K_v XvKv c‡o _vK‡e? K Awfgvbx wcÖqvi L `my¨ m ©v‡ii M AvKv‡ki Zvivi o ivbv‡ii 1437. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq eën„Z ÔKv‡jv ivwÎi LvgÕ

ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K †kvlY eÂbv L K¬vwšÍ nZvkv o AeÁv Ae‡njv N yt‡L-†kv‡K

1438. ì‡` Kvi †PvL wgwUwgwU Kuv‡c? K e‡bi o Zvivi M wcÖqvi N Z…‡Yi 1439. Kvi ì‡` Zvivi †PvL Kuv‡c? K ytwLbx wcÖqvi L nwiYxi M `myï ¯¿xi o ivbv‡ii 1440. ivbvi‡K †fv‡ii AvKvk †Kgb wPwV cvVv‡e? K Awfb‡›ì o mnvbyf‚wZi M Af‡qi N Zvw”Q‡jï 1441. ivbvi wK‡m ÿ‡q hv‡”Q? K AwZwi³ kÖ‡g L msmv‡ii AkvwšÍ‡Z M UvKvi †evSv e‡q o ÿzavi K¬vwšÍ‡Z 1442. Ômgq n‡q‡Q bZzb Lei AvbviÕ Kwei G K_v

ejvi KviY K †fvi n‡q‡Q L m~h© D‡V‡Q o cwieZ©‡bi w`b G‡m‡Q N kn‡i ivbvi †cuŠ‡Q wM‡q‡Q 1443. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq wK‡mi wPwV wb‡q Pjvi K_v

ejv n‡q‡Q? K weiwnYx wcÖqvi L wcZ…KvZi mšÍv‡bi M miKvwi Av‡`‡ki o kc‡_i 1444. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwe Kx wcQ‡b †dj‡Z e‡j‡Qb? K AjmZv o fxiæZv M ¯^cœ N nZvkv 1445. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwe Kx †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqvi K_v e‡j‡Qb? o bZzb Lei L Dbœq‡bi Lei M gvwb AW©vi N cv‡m©j 1446. ÔbZzb LeiÕ †Kv_vq †cuŠQ‡Z n‡e? K WvKN‡i L bv‡q‡ei KvPvwi‡Z o AMÖMwZi Ô†g‡jÕ N kn‡i

kãv_© I UxKvcvVëB; c„ôv 271-272

1447. ÔWvK niKivÕi ÔWvKÕ kãwU Kx A‡_© eën„Z nq? K AvnŸvb L wPrKvi M KÉ¯î o wPwVcÎvw` 1448. Ônwi‡Yi g‡Zv hvqÕ GwU Kx? o Dcgv L wPÎKí M Abyl½ N „óvšÍ 1449. Ô†fvi †Zv n‡q‡Q AvKvk n‡q‡Q jvjÕ cO&w³wU

ivbvi KweZvq eën„Z n‡q‡Q K AvwfavwbK A‡_© L AvÿwiK A‡_© o cÖZxKx A‡_© N evP¨v‡_©


1450. ÔivbviÕ KweZvwU Kv‡ì wb‡q †jLv? K Pvwl‡ì L gy‡U‡ì M †PŠwK`vi‡ì o ivbvi‡ì

1451. ÔivbviÕ KweZvi DcRxe¨ n‡jv K PvKwiRxex gvbyl o kÖgRxex gvbyl M Mwie-`ytLx gvbyl N †kvwlZ-ewÂZ gvbyl 1452. ivbvi‡ì KvR Kx? K iv‡Z c_ Pjv

L UvKvi †evSv enb Kiv o MÖvnK‡ì Kv‡Q wPwVcÎvw` †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv N NÈv evwR‡q c_ Pjv 1453. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kx jÿ Kiv hvq? K †ckvRxex wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì `ÿZv L Afvex wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì msmv‡ii Afve o gvbyl wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì gnË¡ N ¯^vgx wn‡m‡e ¯¿xi cÖwZ Zv‡ì Ae‡njv


1454. ÔivbviÕ KweZvi cÖavb êwkó¨ n‡jv i. ivbv‡ii Kó I wec`msKzj Rxeb-RxweKv ii. †ckvi cÖwZ ivbv‡ii kÖ×v I KZ©e¨wbôv iii. K‡ói Kvwjgv `~i K‡i my‡Li †mvbvwj

w`‡bi evZ©v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M iii o i, ii I iii

1455. ivbviiv n‡jv i. cwikÖgx ii. `vwqZ¡kxj iii. Afvex wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii o i, ii I iii N iii 1456. ivbv‡ii Qy‡U Pjvi KviY

i. †gBj WvK †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv ii. kn‡i m~h© IVvi msev` †Ìqv iii. wPwV Avi msev` †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii o i I iii N iii 1457. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii RxebhvÎvi wb¤œwjwLZ

êwkó¨ cvIqv hvq i. `ye©vi, `yR©q I `y ©g ii. Ajm, fxiæ I `ye©j iii. Afvex, weinx I ¯^cœPvix wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I iii N iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1458 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : mygb †ek †¯^”QvPvix| me KvRB `vqmviv †Mv‡Q †kl

K‡i| B”Qvg‡Zv Awd‡m hvZvqvZ K‡i| GKw`b Riæwi mfv Dcj‡ÿ Kg©KZ©v Awd‡m G‡m †`‡Lb †MU eÜ| d‡j mg¯Í Av‡qvRb cÐ n‡q hvq| [Aby-3]

1458. DÏxc‡Ki mygb I ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbvi-Gi mv „‡kï w`KwU n‡jv Zviv Df‡qB i. PvKwiRxex ii. vwqZ¡ m‡PZb iii. †mev`vbKvix wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

k i L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 1459 I 1460bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †mKv‡j kx‡Zi ïiæ n‡ZB MÖv‡g MÖv‡g

ev‡qv‡¯‹vcIqvjv‡ì †`Lv wgjZ| WzM& WzM& WzM&, Wz¸i Wz¸i-i ie& kã ïb‡Z †c‡jB †Q‡j †QvKoviv Ni-evwo, g³e, cvVkvjv †Q‡o iv¯Ívq R‡ov n‡Zv| bvbv evnvwi †cvkvK c‡i Avi Ô†`L‡e .... ev‡qv‡¯‹vcÕ †nu‡K Giv MÖvg-evsjvq we‡bv`b †dwi K‡i †eovZ|

1459. ev‡qv‡¯‹vcIqvjvi mg_©b cvIhv hvq ÔivbviÕ KweZvi

K weiwnYx wcÖqvi g‡a¨ o ivbv‡ii g‡a¨ M nwi‡Yi g‡a¨ N iv‡Zi Zvivi g‡a¨ 1460. ev‡qv‡¯‹vcIqvjvi g‡a¨ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi cÖwZdwjZ w`K

i. c_ Pjvi e¨Äbv ii. N‡i Afve iii. Kv‡Ri Avb›` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii o i I ii N iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 1461 I 1462bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ii bvg †h eyjeyj †mUvB MZ `y-Pvi eQ‡i

Rvbv nqwb| MZ mßv‡n nVvr K‡i evmvi cwÎKv Avmv eÜ n‡q †Mj| bZzb nKvi cwÎKv w`‡Z Avmvq Zvi KvQ †_‡K Rvbjvg Avgv‡ì c~‡e©i nKv‡ii bvg wQj eyjeyj| wQj ejwQ, KviY I GLb †bB| MZ mßv‡n NvZK Uªv‡Ki Pvcvq I gviv †M‡Q| Av”Qv, Awd‡m cwÎKvq wK G LeiwU †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q?

1461. eyjey‡ji Rxe‡bi KiæY cwiYwZ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi Kv‡K Bw½Z K‡i?

K †fv‡ii AvKvk L iv‡Zi Zviv M ytwLbx ea~ o AÁvZ _vKv ivbvi 1462. DÏxc‡Ki eyjey‡ji cwiYwZ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †h

Pi‡Y dz‡U D‡V‡Q i. Gi Rxe‡bi ytL †Kej Rvb‡e c‡_i Z…Y ii. Gi `yt‡Li K_v Rvb‡e bv †KD kn‡i I MÖv‡g iii. Gi K_v XvKv c‡o _vK‡eB Kv‡jv ivwÎi Lv‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii o i, ii I iii N iii


KweZv 12 †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv kvgmyi ivngvb

cvVëB we‡kølY


1463. kvgmyi ivngvb KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1928 mv‡j o 1929 mv‡j M 1930 mv‡j N 1931 mv‡j

1464. Kv‡ì Rxe‡bi cÖZ¨vkv, nZvkv I msMÖvg kvgmyi ivngv‡bi KweZvq wea„Z?

K Muv‡qi K…lK-gRyi o ga¨weË bvMwiK M ew¯Íi kÖgRxex gvbyl N D”PweË AwfRvZ 1465. kvgmyi ivngvb KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib? K 2005 mv‡j o 2006 mv‡j M 2007 mv‡j N 2008 mv‡j


1466. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cÖ_g PiY †KvbwU?

K †Zvgv‡K cvIqv R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv, †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨

o †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv M Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯^vaxbZv N ¯^vaxbZv, †Zvgvi R‡b¨ 1467. ¯^vaxbZv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ nwi`vmxi K Nievwo QvB n‡jv o wmuw_i wmu yi gy‡Q †Mj M c½yZ¡ †g‡b wb‡Z n‡jv N fvi‡Z cvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡jv 1468. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq

nwi`vmxi wmuw_i wmu yi gy‡Q †Mj †Kb? K b`xi fvO‡b L moK `yN©Ubvq o ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× ¯^vgx kwn` nIqvq N bvB‡Z wM‡q wmuw_i wmu yi gy‡Q †M‡Q 1469. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq

ewY©Z U¨vs‡Ki is Kx iKg? o RjcvB L Kgjv M Kv‡jv N iæcvwj

1470. `vb‡ei g‡Zv wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Kx G‡mwQj? [Aby. 1] K cvK‡mbv o U¨vsK M gvwS N ivB‡dj

1471. ¯^vaxbZv Avm‡e e‡j QvÎvev‡mi mv‡_ DRvo n‡jv K wek¦we`¨vjq L †`vKvbcvU o ew¯Í N gvìvmv 1472. ÔZzwg Avm‡e e‡j †n ¯^vaxbZv QvÎvevm ew Í DRvo n‡jvÕ ÔQvÎvevm ew Í DRvo

n‡jvÕ G cO&w³‡Z wK‡mi wPÎ Av‡Q? [Aby. 2] K ¯^vaxbZvi myi o aŸs‡mi wPÎ M MY-Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc N gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wg 1473. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq

mMxi Avjxi evwo n‡jv o kvnevRcy‡i L kn‡ii cÖv‡šÍ M DRvo Kiv ew¯Í‡Z N †R‡jcvovq 1474. ¯^vaxbZv Avm‡e e‡j MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg Kx n‡q‡Q? K myRjv-mydjv-km¨-k¨vgjv L bvbv i‡Oi mv‡R mw¾Z o cy‡o QvB N Av‡jv Sjgj

1475. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq GKUv KzKzi †Kv_vq AvZ©bv` K‡i‡Q?

K fvMv‡o o cÖfzi ev¯‘wfUvi fMœ Í‚‡c M dzUcv‡_ N RjcvB i‡Oi U¨vs‡Ki cv‡k 1476. Ôgv-evevnxb mwRe wgqv cywónxbZvq K¼vjmviÕ

mwRe wgqvi mv‡_ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q Kvi?

K gZje wgqvi L nwi`vmxi M mvwKbv wewei o Abv_ wK‡kvixi 1477. †gNbv b`xi †Kvb Ae¯’vq ÔMvRx MvRxÕ

D”PvwiZ nq? K kvšÍ Ae¯’vq o DÏvg S‡ov Ae¯’vq M ¯Íä wbSzg Auvav‡i N ycy‡i cÖLi †iv‡` 1478. Ô¯^vaxbZvÕ n‡jv GKwU †`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki o Rš§MZ AwaKvi L msMÖv‡gi dmj M AvKv•ÿvi ab N wejv‡mi e¯‘ 1479. iæ¯Íg †k‡Li dzmdzm GLb †cvKvi `L‡j †Kb? o iæ¯Íg †kL GLb g„Z e‡j L iæ¯Íg †k‡Li hÿ¥v n‡q‡Q ZvB M iæ¯Íg †kL wiKkvIqvjv e‡j N iæ¯Íg †kL miKvwi mnvqZv MÖnY K‡iwb 1480. †ZwR ZiæY ivB‡dj Kuv‡a e‡b-R½‡j Ny‡i

†eovq †Kb? K cï-cvwL wkKvi Ki‡Z L eb`my¨‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡Z o ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b kÎæ nbb Ki‡Z N A¨vW‡fÂv‡ii †ivgv‡Â 1481. †ZwR Ziæ‡Yi wK‡m GKwU bZzb c„w_exi Rš§

n‡Z P‡j‡Q? K ivB‡d‡ji ¸wj‡Z L K‡Éi msMx‡Z M †Vuv‡Ui wk‡m o c`fv‡i 1482. †Kgb †NvlYvi aŸwb-cÖwZaŸwb Zz‡j ¯vaxbZv Avm‡e? K AvbyôvwbK †NvlYvi L †UwjMÖvg gvidZ †NvlYvi o R¡jšÍ †NvlYvi N †iwWIi †NvlYvi


1483. mbvZb a‡g© wmuw_i wmu yi gy‡Q †djv nq †Kb? K ¯^vgx mgy`ª cvwo w`‡j o ¯^vgx gviv †M‡j M ¯^vgx cÖev‡m †M‡j N ¯^vgx hy‡× †M‡j 1484. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq

cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg Kx K‡i? o cywo‡q †`q L Dbœqb NUvq M dzj-dm‡j fwi‡q †`q N myL-kvwšÍ‡Z c~Y© K‡i †Zv‡j


1485. cvVëB‡qi Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvwU kvgmyi ivngv‡bi †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q?

K †iŠ`ª K‡ivwU‡Z L wbiv‡jv‡K wèï_ M cÖ_g Mvb wØZxq g„Zzï Av‡M o kvgmyi ivngv‡bi †kÖô KweZv

1486. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvwU kvgmyi ivngv‡bi †Kvb Kv‡eï AšÍfz©³?

K wbR evmf‚‡g o e›`x wkwei †_‡K M evsjv‡`k ¯^cœ `¨v‡L N eyK Zvi evsjv‡`‡ki n„`q 1487. Kviv evOvwj‡ì ¯^vaxbZv niY K‡iwQj? K fviZxqiv L cvÄvweiv o cvwK¯Ívwbiv N evjyPiv


1488. QvÎvevm, ew¯Í DRvo nIqvi KviY i. K‡jivi gnvgvix ii. nvbv`vi evwnbxi AvMÖvmb iii. ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe DÌvcb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i o ii M i I iii N ii I iii 1489. dzmdzm GLb †cvKvi `L‡j ej‡Z †evSv‡bv

n‡q‡Q i. g„Z Ae¯’v ii. hÿ¥v AvµvšÍ †ivMx iii. dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M iii N ii I iii 1490. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq

iæ¯Íg †k‡Li mv‡_ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q i. †bŠKvi ii. wiKkvi iii. dzmdz‡mi †cvKvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1491. †ZwR ZiæY ivB‡dj Kuv‡a e‡b-R½‡j Ny‡i †eovq

i. ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ ii. kÎæ nb‡bi R‡b¨ iii. A¨vW‡fÂv‡ii †ivgv‡Â

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L iii o i I ii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1492 I 1493bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wPb‡Z bvwK †mvbvi †Q‡j ÿzwìvg‡K wPb‡Z? iæ×k¦v‡m cÖvY w`j †h gyKZ evZvm wKb‡Z| [Aby. 3-4] 1492. DÏxc‡Ki ÿzwìvg Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n

¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq Kv‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i i. gyw³‡hv×v‡ì ii. Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi iii. AvZ¥Z¨vMx gvbyl‡ì wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii o i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1493. Giƒc cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i KviY Kx? K HK¨‡PZbv L ¯^vRvZ¨‡eva o †`k‡cÖg N mvnwmKZv

KweZv 13 Avgvi cwiPq ˆmq` kvgmyj nK

cvVëB we‡kølY mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Kwe cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 282

1494. ˆmq` kvgmyj nK KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? o 1935 mv‡j L 1936 mv‡j M 1937 mv‡j N 1938 mv‡j 1495. ˆmq` kvgmyj nK jvf K‡ib K ¯^vaxbZv c`K o GKz‡k c`K M AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi N Avb›` cyi¯‹vi

1496. ÔGK`v GK iv‡R¨Õ ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv?

o Kve¨MÖš’ L MíMÖš’ M Dcb¨vm N bvUK 1497. Ôe„wó I we‡`ªvnxMYÕ n‡jv ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki K Kve¨MÖš’ L MíMÖš’ o Dcb¨vm N bvUK


1498. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwj RvwZ †Kv_vq Rš§ wb‡q‡Q?

K Av‡gwiKvq L d«v‡Ý M Rvg©v‡b o evsjvq

1499. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe evsjvi cwjgvwU‡Z P‡jb

K nv‡Zi wPý †d‡j o cv‡qi wPý †d‡j M ªæZ‡e‡M N axiMwZ‡Z 1500. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq D‡jøwLZ b`xi msL v KZ? [Aby. 1] K 1200 o 1300 M 1400 N 1500 1501. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Ph©vc‡ì †Kvb

Dcv`vb †_‡K G‡m‡Qb? K cO&w³ o Aÿi M Q›` N fve


1502. ÔAvwg †Zv G‡mwQ Ph©vc‡ì Aÿi¸‡jv †_‡KÕ GLv‡b ÔPh©vc‡ì Aÿi¸‡jvÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? [Aby. 2]

K AZxZ HwZn¨ L mvs¯‹…wZK iƒc M HwZnvwmK cUf‚wg o mvs¯‹…wZK cwiPq 1503. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Kv‡ì wWOvi

eni †_‡K G‡m‡Qb e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? K cvj‡ì L bvweK‡ì o mI`vMi‡ì N †R‡j‡ì 1504. †Kvb MÖ‡š’i Rb¨ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb? K ejvKv L †mvbvi Zix o MxZvÄwj N wPÎv 1505. ÔAwMœexYvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv n‡jb K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi o KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M Rxebvb›` `vk N myKvšÍ fÆvPvh©


1506. ÔAvjc_Õ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K mvg‡bi c_ L †cQ‡bi c_ M cv‡ki c_ o Rwgi mxgvbvi c_ 1507. Ph©vc‡ì cvÐywjwc †K Avwe®‹vi K‡ib? K emšÍ iÄb ivq weØjøf o nicÖmv` kv¯¿x M W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn N W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq 1508. Ph©vc‡ì cvÐywjwc †Kv_v †_‡K D×vi Kiv nq? K Avmv‡gi ivRìevi †_‡K L wenv‡ii ivRìevi †_‡K M AvMiZjvi ivRìevi †_‡K o †bcv‡ji ivRìevi †_‡K 1509. ÔˆKeZ© we‡`ªvnÕ Kvi weiæ‡× n‡qwQj? o gnxcv‡ji L jÿ¥Y †m‡bi M `ki‡_i N ˆKeZ© †m‡bi 1510. ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvn KLb msNwUZ nq? K AvbygvwbK 1000-35 wLª. c~. L AvbygvwbK 1000-45 wLª. c~. M AvbygvwbK 1000-55 wLª. c~. o AvbygvwbK 1070-77 wLª. c~. 1511. ˆKeZ© we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv †K wQ‡jb? K mg¨ L ig¨ o wè¨ N fxg 1512. KZ mv‡j cvnvocyi †eŠ×wenvi Avwe®‹…Z nq? K 1860 L 1869 M 1873 o 1879 1513. cvnvocyi †eŠ×wenvi n‡jv Avgv‡ì o cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b L Rwg`vwi wb`k©b M ivRìev‡ii wb`k©b N ¯’vcZ¨wk‡íi wb`k©b

1514. †nv‡mb kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kvj KZ? K 14631481 wLª. L 14761498 wLª. M 14891508 wLª. o 14931519 wLª. 1515. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe gymwjg HwZ‡nï

wb`k©b †evSv‡Z wK‡mi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? K ˆKeZ© we‡`ªv‡ni L †eŠ×wenv‡ii o †mvbvgmwR‡ì N Kgjvi `xwNi 1516. wZZzgxi KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1762 L 1768 M 1772 o 1782 1517. ag©‡K AvkÖq K‡i Kzms¯‹v‡ii weiæ‡× nvRx

kixqZzjøvni †h Av‡›`vjb Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K Invwe Av‡›`vjb o div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb M kixqZzjøvn Av‡›`vjb N dwKi Av‡›`vjb 1518. ÿzwìvg emyi Rš§-g„Zz¨ K‡e? K 1879-1909 L 1880-1909 M 1886-1906 o 1889-1908 1519. ÿzwìvg †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K kixqZcy‡i o †gw`bxcy‡i M †kicy‡i N enigcy‡i 1520. Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi Rš§-g„Zz¨ mvj KZ? o 1914-1976 L 1915-1975 M 1916-1976 N 1917-1977 1521. Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Kx wn‡m‡e L¨vZ? K wkícwZ o wkívPvh© M wkí¸iæ N wkícÖwZg 1522. †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡bi mvd‡jï c_ a‡i ¯^vaxbZv

m~wPZ nq? o 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb L 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U M 1969-Gi MYAfz¨Ìvb N 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv Av‡›`vjb 1523. e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rš§-g„Zz¨ mvj †KvbwU? K 1918-1975 L 1919-1975 o 1920-1975 N 1922-1975 1524. Kvi †bZ…‡Z¡ 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k

¯^vaxbZvhy‡× Rqjvf K‡i? K Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi L wZZzgxi M ÿzwìvg emy o e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb


1525. ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ kxl©K KweZvwU m¤úvw`Z AvKv‡i Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K AwMœ I R‡ji KweZv L ivR‰bwZK KweZv M GK`v GK iv‡R¨ o wK‡kvi KweZv mgMÖ

1526. AvZ¥gh©v`v‡eva m¤úbœ GB ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivó« I RvwZmËv cÖwZôvi cðv‡Z Kx Av‡Q?

o BwZnvm L HwZn¨ M ms¯‹…wZ N msMÖvg


1527. evOvwj Ph©vc‡ì Aÿi¸‡jv †_‡K G‡m‡Q ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q i. Ph©vc‡` evOvwji cwiPq cvIqv hvq ii. Ph©vc‡ì Aÿi †_‡K evOvwj RvwZi D™¢e iii. Ph©vc` evsjvi GKgvÎ mvwnZ¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 1528. Ph©vc‡ì m‡½ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q

i. †eŠ× mnwRqv‡ì ii. †bcv‡ji ivRìev‡ii iii. nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1529. ˆKeZ© wQj

i. evOvwj RvwZi we‡`ªvn ii. cvwK¯Ívwb RvwZi we‡`ªvn iii. muvIZvj‡ì we‡`ªvn wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

o i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1530 I 1531bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Dcgnv‡`‡k kvmb eë¯’vi µgweKvk m¤^‡Ü cov‡Z

wM‡q Rbve †gvt Kvgiæ¾vgvb avivevwnKfv‡e cvj, †mb, †gvMj, cvVvb BZ¨vw` kvmK‡Mvôxi kvmbKvj I kvmb eë¯’v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| G mgqKv‡ji ¯’vc‡Zï wb`k©b¯îƒc †ekwKQy wel‡qi D‡jøL K‡ib| [Aby. 3-4]

1530. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q i. RvwZMZ cwiP‡qi ii. HwZnvwmK cwiP‡qi iii. mvs¯‹…wZK weeZ©b avivi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1531. Giƒc mv „‡kï KviY Kx? o mvgwMÖKZv L cUf‚wg M HK¨m~Î N HwZn¨

KweZv 14 ¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jv wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y


1532. wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi Rš§ mvj KZ? K 1953 o 1945 M 1947 N 1951 1533. wbg©‡j› y ¸Y gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib †Kvb cÖwZôvb †_‡K? o evinvÆvi wm‡Kwc Bbw÷wUDkb †_‡K L †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K M b`xqvi Aviwc Bbw÷wUDkb †_‡K N XvKvi †m›U †MÖMix ¯‹zj †_‡K 1534. wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y KZ mv‡j D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib? K 1962 L 1963 o 1964 N 1965 1535. Ôevsjvi gvwU evsjvi RjÕ wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi †Kvb

ai‡bi MÖš’? o Kve¨MÖš’ L MíMÖš’ M Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ MÖš’ 1536. wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y KZ wLªóv‡ã evsjv GKv‡Wwg

cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? K 1980 wLªóv‡ã L 1981 wLªóv‡ã o 1982 wLªóv‡ã N 1983 wLªóv‡ã 1537. Ô†cÖgvsïi i³ PvBÕ †Kvb ai‡bi MÖš’? o Kve¨MÖš’ L Dcb¨vm M †QvUMí N wkï‡Zvl

1538. wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y iwPZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU wkï‡Zvl Dcb¨vm? o Kv‡jv‡g‡Ni †fjv L Pvlvf‚lvi Kve¨ M Avcb `‡ji gvbyl N cÂvk mnmª el©


1539. Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ kãwUi m‡½ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q wK‡mi? K mnbkxjZvi L †g‡b †bIqvi o D‡ËRbvi N bxieZvi 1540. KiæY †Kivwb Kv‡ì‡K ejv n‡q‡Q? [Aby. 1] K Av‡e‡M KiæY L ¯^fv‡e KiæY o KiæYfv‡e RxebhvcbKvix N PvKwiRxex 1541. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvq †mw`b †Kv_vq †Rvqvi †R‡MwQj? K gv‡V L evRv‡i M b`x‡Z o Rbmgy‡`ª 1542. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvq wkï cv‡K©i †`vjbv †`L‡Z †Kgb? K Kv‡jv L mv`v M njy` o iwOb 1543. Ô†K †iv‡a Zuvnvi eRªKÉ evYxÕ? G evYxi

D`MvZv n‡jb K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx o e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb

1544. ÔMYm~‡h©i gÂÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? [Aby. 2] K Av‡jvwPZ gÂ L DÏxß gÂ o †bZvi gÂ m~‡h©i g‡Zv N wecøex gÂ 1545. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvq KviLvbv †_‡K Kviv Qy‡U G‡mwQj? K wkïiv L Kg©KZ©viv o kÖwgKiv N wfÿzKiv


1546. ÔDš§ËÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K wewÿß o wÿß M Avbw›`Z N cvMj 1547. KweZvq eën„Z Ôw`MšÍ cøvweZÕ kãwUi †ÿ‡Î

wb‡Pi †Kvb hyw³wU MÖnY‡hvM¨? K hvi †Kv‡bv mxgv †bB L Amxg RvqMv o AvKvk-†Quvqv N weivU dm‡ji gvV 1548. ÔMYm~‡h©i gÂÕ kãwUi A‡_©i †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi

†Kvb A_©wU MÖnY‡hvM¨? K m~‡h©i g‡Zv Mig gÂ L m~‡h©i iwk¥ o †bZvi y¨wZ‡Z we”QywiZ gÂ N †Kvjvnjc~Y© gÂ 1549. ÔeRªKÉÕ k‡ãi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q K gayi KÉ L KK©k KÉ o e½eÜyi KÉ N †g‡Ni KÉ


1550. e½eÜy 1971 mv‡ji gv‡P©i KZ Zvwi‡L Agi evYxwU D”PviY K‡ib?

o 7 ZvwiL L 10 ZvwiL M 25 ZvwiL N 26 ZvwiL


1551. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ KweZvwU cv‡Vi g~j D‡Ïk¨

K wkï‡ì BwZnvm †kLv‡bv L wkÿv_©x‡ì fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¯§„wZ RvMÖZ Kiv M wkÿv_©x‡ì cvwK Ívwb‡ì fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv o wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡b †`k‡cÖ‡gi †cÖiYv RvMÖZ Kiv 1552. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvwU wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi †Kvb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z? K evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj o Pvlvf‚lvi Kve¨ M cÂvk mnmª el© N †cÖgvsïi i³ PvB 1553. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvwU‡Z e¨³ n‡q‡Q g~jZ K gyw³hy‡×i K_v L fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v M MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi K_v o e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY


1554. cÖvwßi w`K †_‡K †h cyi¯‹v‡ii m‡½ wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q i. GKz‡k c`K ii. evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi iii. RvZxq KweZv cwil` cyi¯‹vi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1555. Ô¯^vaxbZvÕ kãwUi m‡½ m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Q

i. msMÖv‡gi ii. Avb‡›ì iii. gyw³i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii 1556. MYm~‡h©i gÂ Kuvwc‡q Agi KweZvLvwb †kvbv‡jb

i. ivRbxwZi Kwe ii. ¯^vaxbZvi gnvbvqK iii. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii o i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1557 I 1558bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : g‡b Avgvi Sj‡m I‡V GKvË‡ii K_v, cvwLi Wvbvq wj‡LwQjvg wcÖq ¯^vaxbZv| [Aby. 3-4] 1557. DÏxc‡K Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì

n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q? i. ¯^vaxbZvi K_v ii. gyw³i K_v iii. AvKv•ÿvi K_v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M iii N i I iii [we.`ª. : mwVK DËi K I L] 1558. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ fvebvwU Ô¯^vaxbZv, G

kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb cO&w³i m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?

K gv‡P©i weiæ‡× gvP© L Kwei weiæ‡× Kwe M Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvwcÖq cÖv‡Yi meyR G‡m wg‡kwQj o †mB †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv kãwU Avgv‡ì

KweZv 15 mvnmx Rbbx evsjv Kvgvj †PŠayix


1559. eZ©gv‡b Kvgvj †PŠayix †Kv_vq K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb? K †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡b o miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b M K‡j‡R N wek¦we`¨vj‡q 1560. Kvgvj †PŠayix‡K evsjv KweZvi cwimªæZ avivi

Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖwZwbwa ejv nq †Kb? K Avengvb RxebPP©vi Rb¨ L msMÖvg I gvbexq †ev‡ai Rb¨ o wbixÿvcÖeYZvi Rb¨ N wkwíZ cÖKi‡Yi Rb¨ 1561. mvwn‡Z¨ Zvrch©gq Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Kvgvj

†PŠayix †Kvb cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi L RvZxq KweZv cwil` cyi¯‹vi M nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb ¯^Y©c`K N GKz‡k c`K


1562. ÔGKvË‡i cvKevwnbx‡K civwRZ K‡i ¯vaxbZvi weRq †KZb Dwo‡q‡Q evOvwj|Õ G e³‡eï mv‡_ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© cO&w³ n‡jv

K WvKvZ c‡o‡Q MÖv‡g, gaïv‡Z nvbv`vi Av‡m o †Zv‡ì i³v³ nvZ gyP‡o w`‡qwQ bq gv‡m M Gevi ev‡Ni _vev, †fvR n‡e AvR cÖwZ‡kv‡a N Kvi i³ Qyu‡q †kl n‡q †Mj N„Yvi KvZz©R 1563. Ô†Zv‡ì Amyi b„Z¨ ... Vv Vv nvwm ... wdwi‡q w`‡qwQÕ

GLv‡b Amyi ej‡Z Kv‡ì †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? o cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K L ˆ`Z¨‡K M evOvwj‡K N evN‡K 1564. Amy‡ii mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q K gvbweKZvi L †cÖ‡gi M mn‡hvwMZvi o wnsmªZvi 1565. evOvwj kÎæ‡ì Kx K‡i‡Q? K ¸wj K‡i‡Q o nvZ gyP‡o w`‡q‡Q M cv †f‡O w`‡q‡Q N gv_v dvwU‡q‡Q 1566. Ô†Zv‡ì i³v³ nvZ gyP‡o w`‡qwQ bq gv‡m|Õ

cO&w³wU‡Z bq gvm ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? o gyw³hy‡×i bq gvm L weªwUk †kvl‡Yi bq gvm M fvlv Av‡›`vjb wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi bq gvm N gywR‡ei kvm‡bi bq gvm

1567. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq Kv‡ì i³v³ nvZ gyP‡o †Ìqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

o cvwK¯Ívwb †kvlK‡ì L Rw½ evwnbxi M evOvwj‡ì N fviZxq‡ì 1568. Ôi³v³ nvZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? o evOvwji i‡³ cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi nvZ iwÄZ L kw³kvjx nvZ M cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx‡K nZ¨v Kivq evOvwji nvZ N K‡Vvi nvZ 1569. Le©‡`n Kv‡ì? K cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì L fviZxq‡ì o evOvwj‡ì N Bs‡iR‡ì 1570. evOvwj RvwZ‡K wfZz †f‡ewQj K fviZxqiv L ivRvKviiv o cvwK¯Ívwbiv N gyw³‡hv×viv 1571. Ô†K †`Lvj gnv cÖwZ‡iva?Õ GLv‡b cÖwZ‡iv‡ai

mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ o evOvwj RvwZ L Bs‡iR RvwZ M cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx N wgÎevwnbx 1572. fvlv Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ n‡qwQj KZ mv‡j? K 1948 o 1952 M 1956 N 1960 1573. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq c‡_ c‡_

†ZcvšÍ‡i †K †Nv‡i? K AvkÖqnx‡biv L bxjKg‡jiv M evOvwjiv o eY©gvjv 1574. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq Kwe evOvwji gyw³hy‡×i

†cÖiYvi Drm wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb o AZx‡Zi msMÖvgx HwZn¨‡K L ey‡K Pvcv g„‡Zi Av¸b‡K M N„Yvi KvZ©yR‡K N gvZ… Acgvb‡K 1575. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq gaïv‡Z Kviv Av‡m? K gyw³‡hv×viv L wgÎevwnbxiv M ivRvKvi evwnbxiv o cvK nvbv`viiv 1576. ÔbxjKg‡jivÕ Kviv? [Aby. 2] K cÖnixiv L mvnmxiv M n„`qevb e¨w³MY o gyw³‡hv×vMY 1577. evOvwji nv‡Z Kx D‡V‡Q? [Aby. 1] K Kv‡¯Í o †MÖ‡bW M Rvj N jvwV


1578. Amyi Kx? o wn› y cyivY g‡Z †èZv‡ì kÎæ L †èZvi bvg M mvnmx Rbbx N kÎæ 1579. ÔbxjKgjÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? o bxj i‡Oi cÙ L bxj i‡Oi dzj M bxj i‡Oi Rvgv N bxj Kgjvi mswgkÖY

1580. ÔKweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡djÕ wK‡mi cÖZxK? o mvn‡mi L N„Yvi M Avµg‡Yi N nZ¨vi 1581. ÔKvb †K‡U w`‡qwQ †Zv‡ìÕ Kv‡ì? o cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi‡ì L †eBgvb ivRvKvi‡ì M wgÎevwnbxi N Bs‡iR kvmK‡Mvôxi


1582. evOvwji RbRxe‡bi wewfbœ euv‡K wK‡mi HwZn¨ Av‡Q? K wbh©vZb I †kvl‡Yi o msMÖvg I cÖwZ‡iv‡ai M BwZnvm I AZx‡Zi N kvmb I †kvl‡Yi 1583. evOvwjiv ¯^vaxbZv Dwo‡q Dwo‡q †Kv_vq G‡m‡Q? o evsjvq L cvwK¯Ív‡b M b`xi Nv‡U N Dš§y³ cÖvšÍ‡i


1584. Kvgvj †PŠayixi wkÿvMÖn‡Yi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ cÖwZôvb n‡jv i. Kzwgjøv wRjv ¯‹zj ii. XvKv K‡jR iii. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L i I iii o ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1585. DØv¯‘ AvkÖqnxb, †cvovMÖvg ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q

i. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Ae¯’v ii. gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi Ae¯’v iii. MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi mgqKvi Ae¯’v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i o ii M i I ii N i I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1586 I 1587bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : we‡`wk †mbvi Kvgv‡b-ey‡j‡U we× bvix wkï Avi hyeK-†Rvqvb e„× kÎæ †mbviv nZ¨vi Awfhv‡b gyw³evwnbx cÖwZ‡iva DÌv‡b| [Aby. 3-4] 1586. DÏxc‡K ÔRbbx mvnmx evsjvÕ KweZvi †Kvb

w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? i. gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ‡iva ii. mvaviY gvby‡li AmnvqZ¡ iii. `xN©k¦vm

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? o i L ii M iii N ii I iii 1587. DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi

†Kvb cO&w³i m‡½ mv „k¨c~Y©? K †Zv‡ì i³v³ nvZ gyP‡o w`‡qwQ bq gv‡m L eywoM½v cÙv b`xZxi/WvKvZ c‡o‡Q MÖv‡g o †fvR n‡e AvR cÖwZ‡kv‡a/hvi m‡½ †h

iKg, †m iKg †Lj‡e evOvwj N mvnmx Rbbx evsjv, ey‡K Pvcv g„‡Zi Av¸b


mncvV 01 Dcb¨vm : KvKZvo–qv †mwjbv †nv‡mb

cvVëB we‡kølY

mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Dcb¨v‡mi aviYv I msÁvcvVëB; c„ôv 1

1588. Dcb¨vm M‡`¨ †jLv GK ai‡bi Kx? K Kvwnwb L †kvKMv_v M KweZv k Mí 1589. Dgev‡Z©v G‡Kv †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx? K d«vÝ k BZvwj M Av‡gwiKv N ivwkqv 1590. ale A_© Kx? K †køvK k Mí M Dcb¨vm N MxwZKweZv

Dcb¨v‡mi Avw½K I MVb‡KŠkjcvVëB; c„ôv 2

1591. Dcb¨v‡mi PP©v nq k cÖvq Pvik eQi L cÖvq AvovBk eQi M cÖvq wZbk eQi N cÖvq GKk eQi 1592. mvaviYfv‡e Dcb¨vm KqwU Dcv`v‡bi wfwË‡Z

M‡o D‡V‡Q? K 3 L 4 M 5 k 6 1593. AvL¨vbfvM A_© Kx? k Kvwnwb-mgMÖ L msjvc M eY©bvi fw½ N PwiÎ wbe©vPb

evsjv DcbÅvGmi mswÞµ¦ cwiPqcvVÅeB; c†Ó¤v 3

1594. evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi eqm KZ? K GKk eQi k †òk eQi

M yBk eQi N AvovBk eQi 1595. ga¨weË †kÖwYi Avwef©ve N‡U †Kvb kvm‡bi

m~ÎcvZ NU‡j? K Bs‡iR k weªwUk M Rwg`vi N MYZvwš¿K 1596. ÔK…òKv‡šÍi DBjÕ Kvi iPbv? K kirP›`ª L iex›`ªbv_ k ew¼gP›`ª N wef‚wZf‚lY

JcbÅvwmK cwiwPwZcvVÅeB; c†Ó¤v 5

1597. †mwjbv †nv‡mb †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K h‡kvi L iscyi k ivRkvnx N ewikvj

1598. KLb †mwjbv †nv‡mb †jLv‡jwL ïiæ K‡ib? K Pwjø‡ki `k‡K L cÂv‡ki `k‡K k lv‡Ui `kK N mË‡ii `kK

1599. eo‡ì Rb¨ cÖKvwkZ †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Dcb¨vm msL¨v KZ?

K wÎk L ewÎk k †ZwÎk N Pwjøk

1600. evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl, Zvi ms¯‹…wZ I HwZn¨ †Kvb †jL‡Ki †jLvi RMr?

K ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn & k †mwjbv †nv‡mb M ûgvqyb AvRv` N Rwni ivqnvb

1601. ÔMvqÎx mÜ¨vÕ †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Kx ai‡bi iPbv? K cÖeÜ L †QvUMí M bvUK k Dcb¨vm

1602. Ômyigv †PŠayix ¯§„wZ cyi¯‹viÕ †mwjbv †nv‡mb †Kv_v †_‡K cvb?

K evsjv‡`k k fviZ M Av‡gwiKv N jÛb

1603. †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K †mwjbv †nv‡mb m¤§vb m~PK wW-wjU Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ nb?

K XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq k iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq M KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq N w`wjø wek¦we`¨vjq

1604. Kg©Rxe‡b †mwjbv †nv‡mb Kx wQ‡jb? K Wv³vi L mvsevw`K k evsjv GKv‡Wwgi cwiPvjK N evsjv‡`k †eZv‡ii cwiPvjK

g~j Dcb¨vm : KvKZvo–qvcvVëB; c„ôv 9

1605. Kvi Kv‡Q c~e©-cwðg DËi-`wÿY me mgvb? K KzwšÍ L Avnv` gywÝ M AvZv dzcy k eyav

1606. eyav fvZ gvsm †cU cy‡i †L‡Z cvq K ïµev‡i k we‡qevwo‡Z M C‡ì w`b N KzjLvwb‡Z

1607. ivZ †cvnvevi Av‡M P‡j hvq K wkjy k weby M wZby N Zv‡je 1608. webyi †PvL †Kgb wQj? K WvMi k Ac~e© M Kvbv N i³ IVv 1609. eyavi Kq fvB‡evb K‡jivq gviv hvq? [Aby. 1] K 3 Rb k 4 Rb M 5 Rb N 6 Rb

1610. †mevi K‡jivq gnvgvix‡Z DRvo n‡q hvq Muv‡qi K me †jvK L GK-Z…Zxqvsk †jvK k A‡a©K †jvK N GK-PZz_©vsk †jvK 1611. GK iv‡Z eyav KZ Rb gvbyl‡K nvivq? K 5 Rb k 6 Rb M 7 Rb N 8 Rb 1612. †K eyavi Kv‡Q gyw³ Pvq? K KzwšÍ L dzjKwj M wgVz k eyavi PvwP 1613. †K eyav‡K mB‡Z cv‡iwb? K gwZDi L Avnv` gywÝ M wgVz k eyavi PvwP 1614. KvKZvo–qv †m‡R KvVdvUv †iv‡` uvwo‡q _vK‡j

eyavi gv_vq wK‡mi Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m? K †g‡Ni Qvqv L wegv‡bi Qvqv k kKz‡bi Qvqv N cvwLi Qvqv

1615. evRv‡i Av¸b jvMvq K Avnv` gywÝ k wgwjUvwi M WvKvZ N Ab¨ MÖv‡gi †jvK

1616. †cvov evRv‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q eyavi K Kuv`‡Z B”Qv K‡i L cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z B”Qv K‡i M ytL nq k †PvL jvj nq 1617. wgwjUvwi Avmvi ciw`b Muv‡qi gvbyl Kx K‡i? k cvjv‡Z _v‡K L wgwQj K‡i M gyw³evwnbx MVb K‡i N ivRvKvi n‡q hvq 1618. nwiKvKzi m‡½ eyavi †Kv_vq †`Lv n‡qwQj? [Aby. 3] k RvgZjvq L dm‡ji gv‡V M evRv‡i N iv¯Ívq

1619. eyavi g‡Z †h cvjvq †m Kx? K Lvivc L eyw×gvb k wfZzi wWg N nuv`vivg

1620. wgwjUvwi cÖ_gevi Avmvi KZ gvm ci wØZxqevi Av‡m?

K GK gvm L †ò gvm k yB gvm N AvovB gvm 1621. wØZxqevi G‡m wgwjUvwi MÖv‡g Kx evbvq? k K¨v¤ú L gmwR` M evRvi N ev¼vi 1622. Muv‡q †gvU KZevi g„Zzï DrcvZ N‡U‡Q?

k yB evi L wZb evi M Pvi eviN cuvP evi 1623. †PvL jvj n‡j eyavi †fZ‡i Kx Rv‡M? K Kvbœvi Av‡eM L ¯§„wZKvZiZv k wKQy Kivi B”Qv N N„Yv 1624. A‡bK iv‡Z wK‡mi k‡ã eyavi Nyg fv‡O? K KzKz‡ii Wv‡K L Av¸‡bi Zv‡c M gvby‡li wPrKv‡i k ¸wji k‡ã 1625. e½eÜyi fvlY KZ Zvwi‡L n‡q‡Q? k 7 gvP© L 26 gvP© M 21 †deªæqvwi N 16 wW‡m¤i 1626. hy‡×i KZ eQi Av‡M eyav evev-gv-mevB‡K nvwi‡q‡Q? K GK eQi k yB eQi M wZb eQi N Pvi eQi 1627. Kviv Lvq `vq, dzwZ© K‡i Avi gvbyl a‡i wb‡q hvq? K gyw³‡hv×viv k nvbv`viiv M MÖv‡gi †jvKRb N ivRvKviiv 1628. kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb n‡qwQj †K? [Aby. 4] K gwZDi k Avnv` gywÝ M nv‡kg wgqv N nwievey 1629. we‡`wk gvbyl Ges wb‡R‡ì gvbyl mevi Ici

eyavi N„Yv evo‡Z _v‡K †Kb? [Aby. 6] K hy× Kivi Rb¨ k AZ¨vPvi Kivi Rb¨ M we‡ivwaZv Kivi Rb¨ N MYnZ¨vi Rb¨ 1630. Muv‡qi gvbyl KZ fv‡M fvM n‡q †M‡Q? k yB fv‡M L wZb fv‡M M Pvi fv‡M N cuvP fv‡M 1631. jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvg wK‡mi evwo n‡q hv‡e? K cwii evwo L ivRvKv‡ii evwo M wR‡bi evwo k f‚‡Zi evwo 1632. hy‡× kÎæiv KLb †n‡i hvq? [Aby. 10] k mevB HKë× n‡j L AvaywbK A¯¿ _vK‡j M DbœZ cÖwkÿY _vK‡j N ˆmb¨msL¨v †ewk n‡j 1633. Avnv` gywÝi Ni Kq Pvjv? K †`vPvjv L Pvi Pvjv M Qq Pvjv k AvU Pvjv 1634. Kxfv‡e eyav Avwji †Z‡ji `vg †kva Ki‡e? k Mv‡q †L‡U L UvKv w`‡q M dj w`‡q N avb w`‡q

1635. wgVz Avi Avwji g‡Z eyav †K‡ivwmb †Zj w`‡q K evwZ R¡vjv‡e L N‡ii Kv‡V †`‡e k fv‡jv wKQy Ki‡e N Ab¨vq KvR Ki‡e 1636. Av¸b jvMvq NygšÍ gvbyl¸‡jv Kx wb‡q †ewi‡q

Avm‡Z e¨¯Í? K e›`yK wb‡q k Rxeb wb‡q M UvKv wb‡q N Rvgv Kvco wb‡q 1637. Avnv` gywÝi eo †Q‡ji bvg Kx? K KzÏym L wgVz k gwZDi N Avwj

mncvV 6wU (Dcb¨vm †_‡K 3wU I bvUK †_‡K 3wU) eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ _vK‡e; cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœiB DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 16 = 6


1638. ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo‡Z KvR K‡i †K? K eyav L KzwšÍ M wgVz k dzjKwj 1639. eyav dzjKwj‡K Kx †L‡Z w`j? K Avg L we¯‹zU k wRjvwc N fvZ

1640. ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo‡Z wKQy NU‡j †K eyav‡K Rvwb‡q †`‡e?

K KzwšÍ L wgVz M Avwj k dzjKwj 1641. KLb dzjKwji ytL _vK‡e bv? K bZzb PvKwi †c‡j L ivRvKvi KgvÛvi gviv †M‡j

M eyav eo n‡j k †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j 1642. ¯^‡cœi Avðh© †`‡k eyav Kv‡K cv‡k †`L‡Z cvq? K KzwšÍ L wgVz k dzjKwj N Avwj 1643. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m DwjøwLZ kvnveywÏb †Kv_vq c‡o? K XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q L XvKv K‡j‡R k AvU© K‡j‡R N nvB ¯‹z‡j 1644. kvnveywÏ‡bi g‡Z MÖv‡g †K GKvB jovB Ki‡Q? K Avwj L wgVz k eyav N Avnv` gywÝ 1645. KLb eyavi gv fvcv wcVv evbvZ? K MÖx®§Kv‡j L el©vKv‡j k kxZKv‡j N kirKv‡j 1646. Ò†Kqvg‡Zi w`b gv_vi GK nvZ Dc‡i m~h©

†b‡g Avm‡e|Ó Kvi K_v? K wkÿ‡Ki k †gŠjwei M Avnv` gywÝi N eyavi evevi 1647. cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡ì Kv‡Q eyav Zvi bvg Kx e‡j? K eyav L e½eÜy M hy× k KvKZvo–qv 1648. †eq‡bU w`‡q gvbyl gvi‡Z Kviv gRv cvq? k wgwjUvwiiv L ivRvKviiv M gyw³‡hv×viv N MÖvgevmx 1649. gv‡V eyav‡K KvKZvo–qv mvRv‡bvi ci KLb †m Qvov cvq? K ycy‡i L we‡K‡j k mÜ¨vq N iv‡Z 1650. KLb kvnveywÏb eyavi Qwe AuvK‡e? K eyav gviv †M‡j k †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j M eyav Amy¯’ n‡j N kvnveywÏb QywU †c‡j 1651. KzwšÍ kvcjv Zz‡j‡Q †Kb? k ÿzavi nvZ †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ L wewµi Rb¨ M dz‡ji gvjv evbv‡bvi Rb¨ N Miæ‡K LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ 1652. gvwU KvUvi Ave`vi wb‡q eyav Kvi Kv‡Q hvq? K Avnv` gywÝi L wgwjUvwii k dRy wgqvi N gwZD‡ii 1653. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m DwjøwLZ dRy wgqvi g‡Z

ev¼vi Kx? K fv‡jv Ni L jywK‡q _vKvi ¯’vb k Kei N ¸`vgNi 1654. ev¼vi ˆZwii Kv‡R AMÖMwZ †`‡L †K cÖksmv K‡i? K wgwjUvwi L Avnv` gywÝ M dRy wgqv k gwZDi

1655. †Sv‡ci av‡i jywK‡q _v‡K k kvnveywÏb L wgVz M Avwj N gwZDi 1656. †bŠKvq eyav wK‡mi fw½‡Z ï‡q c‡o? K Amy¯’ nIqvi k KvKZvo–qvi M g„‡Zi N wbjWvDb


1657. Dcb¨vm i. †Pv‡L †`Lv Mí ii. m„wókxj iPbv iii. gvby‡li Rxeb †_‡K †bIqv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?


1658. Jcb¨vwm‡Kiv Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡ib i. wb‡Ri Rxeb`k©b †_‡K ii. Pvicv‡ki gvby‡li K_v wb‡q iii. mgv‡Ri K_v ejvi ZvwM‡` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I iii k i, ii I iii N iii

1659. †mwjbv †nv‡mb i. 1957 mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib ii. wcZv-gvZvi PZz_© mšÍvb iii. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎx wQ‡jb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I iii k ii I iii N i, ii I iii

1660. †mwjbv †nv‡mb KvR Ki‡Qb i. gvbevwaKvi wb‡q ii. bvix Dbœqb wb‡q iii. mvsevw`KZv wb‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii k i I ii N ii I iii

1661. eyav iv‡Z Nygvq i. ìRvwenxb †XuwKN‡i ii. L‡oi Mv`vq iii. Nv‡U euvav †bŠKvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M i I iii k i, ii I iii

1662. eyavi fvB-†evb n‡jv i. wkjy, Zv‡je, wZby ii. weby, wkjy, wgVz iii. wkjy, Zv‡je, weby wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?


1663. Wvjvfiv evRvi Ki‡Z cvi‡j nv‡kg wgqv i. Avb‡›` AvZ¥nviv nq ii. nwiKvKz‡K evmvq †L‡Z e‡j iii. eyav‡K evmvq †L‡Z Wv‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?


1664. eyavi PvwP i. eyav‡K mn¨ K‡i bv ii. eyavi Lei †bq bv iii. †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì wb‡q evevi evwo P‡j wM‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M i I ii k i, ii I iii

1665. wgwjUvwi Avµg‡Yi `y gvm ci i. gvby‡li w`b KwVb n‡q c‡o ii. †KD †KD MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡m iii. A‡b‡K BwÛqv P‡j hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?


1666. MYKei gv‡b i. mevi mvg‡b Kei †Ìqv ii. Kvdb Qvov Kei †Ìqv iii. mevB‡K GK M‡Z© Kei †Ìqv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I iii k ii I iii N i, ii I iii

1667. ÔAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡eÕ| †Kb f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e? [Aby. 9] i. MYnZ¨vi Kvi‡Y ii. †jvKRb cvwj‡q hvIqvq iii. MÖvgwU Rbk~b¨ nIqvq


1668. wZbRb GK n‡j i. mvnm ev‡o ii. Sv‡gjv nq iii. kw³ ev‡o wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i I ii L ii I iii k i I iii N i, ii I iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1669 I 1670bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ÔKeiÕ bvU‡K ewY©Z BÝ‡c±i nvwdR fvB

kwn`‡ì GKUv MYKe‡i gvwU Pvcv w`‡Z PvB‡j †MviLuy‡oiv AvcwË Rvbvq| Zv‡ì e³e¨, Ôgymjgv‡bi jvk `vdb bvB, Kvdb bvB; Zvi Ici Avjv`v GKUv Kei cv‡e bv, Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv, Kwf †bwn|Õ [Aby. 7-8]

1669. DÏxc‡Ki †MviLyu‡o‡ì mv‡_ mv „k¨c~Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv K Avnv` gywÝ L gwZDi k eyav N KzÏym

1670. Giƒc mv „‡kï KviY n‡jv K †`k‡cÖg k cÖwZev`x g‡bvfve M m‡PZbZv N cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nv

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1671 I 1672bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : fvlvi gh©v`v iÿvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z A‡bK

gvbyl R‡ov n‡qwQj| †mLv‡b bwRiI wM‡qwQj| mevB †møvMvb w`w”Qj, Ggb mgq cywjk ¸wj Kij| bwRi †KŠk‡j euvPj| †m GKRb exi fvlv‰mwbK|

1671. DÏxc‡Ki bwRi ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?

K kvnveywÏb k eyav

M wgVz N Avwj

1672. DÏxcK I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq

i. evOvwji AwaKvi †PZbv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

ii. cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì AvMÖvmb cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

iii. evOvwji †MŠiegq HwZn¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i


K i L i I iii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1673 I 1674bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : AvRgj mv‡ne abx gvbyl| ¯vaxbZv hy‡×i

mgq †m ivRvKvi wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| gvby‡li abm¤ú` jyU K‡i Avi cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡ì Kv‡Q gyw³‡hv×v‡ì msev` †`q|

1673. DÏxc‡K AvRgj mv‡ne ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?

k Avnv` gywÝi L gwZD‡ii M KzÏym ivRvKv‡ii N nvbv`vi‡ì 1674. DÏxc‡Ki AvRgj I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi

Avnv` gywÝ yR‡bB i. AgvbweK ii. †jvfx iii. †`k‡ ªvnx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I iii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii


mncvV 02 bvUK : ewncxi ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn

cvVëB we‡kølY

mvaviY eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi bvU‡Ki aviYv I msÁvcvVëB; c„ôv 35

1675. †Kvb kã¸‡jvi g~j kã n‡jv bU? K bvUK L bvU¨ M bUx k Dc‡ii meKwU 1676. Drama kãwU G‡m‡Q wMÖK †Kvb kã †_‡K? K Dramia L Dromin k Dracin N Dracinate 1677. †KvbwU mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb iƒc? k Kve¨ L bvUK M Mí N Dcb¨vm 1678. eZ©gvb mg‡q AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx I RbwcÖq gva¨g †KvbwU? K Mí L KweZv M Dcb¨vm k bvUK

bvUGKi AvwãK I MVbGKŒkjcvVÅeB; c†Ó¤v 35

1679. bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb, PwiÎ ev msjvc ms‡hvRbvi Rb¨ Kxfv‡e Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv hvq?

K gÂm¾v L Av‡jvKm¤úvZ M kã‡hvRbv k Dc‡ii meKwU 1680. bvU‡Ki wfZ‡i Kx _v‡K? K ïiæ L weKvk M cwiYwZ k Dc‡ii meKwU 1681. mvgy¨‡qj †e‡KU iwPZ MÖš’ †KvbwU? k I‡qwUs di M‡Wv L Mf gv÷ we †µwR M wKZveyj wn›` N gv‡P›U Ae †fwbm

evsjv bvU‡Ki mswÿß cwiPqcvVëB; c„ôv 36

1682. evsjv mvwn‡Zï †Kvb wb`k©‡b bvUK AwfbxZ nIqvi K_v D‡jøL i‡q‡Q?

k Ph©vc` L kÖxK…òKxZ©b M êòe c`vewj N gbmvg½j 1683. Avgiv †h AvaywbK gÂbvU‡Ki m‡½ cwiwPZ Zv

†Kvb AÂj †_‡K G‡m‡Q? k BD‡ivc L Av‡gwiKv M Gwkqv N I‡kwbqv 1684. †nivwmg †¯úcvbwfP& †j‡e‡`d †Kvb †`‡ki

bvMwiK wQ‡jb? k ivwkqv L Pxb M Rvcvb N d«vÝ 1685. †nivwmg †¯úcvbwfP †j‡e‡`d KZ mv‡j Bs‡iwR

bvUK Ô`¨ wWmMvBRÕ evsjvq iƒcvšÍi K‡ib? K 1773 mv‡j k 1795 mv‡j M 1777 mv‡j N 1779 mv‡j 1686. ivg bvivqY ZK©i‡Zœi bvU‡Ki bvg Kx? K f ªv¾y©b L KxwË©wejvm M wPËwejvm k KzjxbK‚j-meŸ©¯ 1687. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK

†Kvb¸‡jv? K †gNbvèa Kve¨ k K…òKzgvix M G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv N ey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iv 1688. ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ I Ôeyo mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o

†iuvÕ gaym~`‡bi Kx RvZxq iPbv? K bvUK L Dcb¨vm M gnvKve¨ k cÖnmb 1689. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi mgmvgwqK bvU¨Kvi †K? k `xbeÜy wgÎ L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb M wMwikP›`ª †Nvl N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 1690. iex› ª-cieZx© D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK †Kvb¸‡jv? K jxjveZx k K‡jøvj M mvRvnvb N Rwg`vi `c©Y

evsjv‡`‡ki bvU‡Ki mswÿß cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 37

1691. KZ mv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ KjKvZv wQj evsjv bvU¨PP©vi cÖvY‡K›`ª?

K 1945 L 1946 k 1947 N 1948

1692. byiæj †gv‡g‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK †Kvb¸‡jv? K bqv Lv›`vb L †b‡gwmm M iƒcvšÍi k Dc‡ii meKwU 1693. gvgybyi ikx‡ì weL¨vZ bvUK †Kvb¸‡jv? K Kvj‡ejv L cÖvP¨ M †mbvcwZ k Iiv K`g Avwj

ÔewncxiÕ bvUK I bvU¨Kvi cwiwPwZcvVëB; c„ôv 37

1694. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn wcZvi bvg Kx? k ˆmq` Avngv`Djøvn L ˆmq` nvmvb M ˆmq` ingZ Djøvn N ˆmq` AvKivg †nv‡mb 1695. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvni gv‡qi bvg Kx? K bvwmgv LvZzb L bvwmgv †eMg k bvwmg Aviv LvZzb N ˆmq`v bvwmgv LvZzb 1696. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& KZ mv‡j gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib? K 1927 L 1929 M 1937 k 1939 1697. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn KZ mv‡j D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib? K 1939 k 1941 M 1943 N 1945 1698. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn †ckvMZ Rxeb ïiæ nq Kx w`‡q? k mvsevw`KZv L wkÿKZv M Wv³vwi N miKvwi Kg©KZ©v 1699. ¯^vaxbZv hy× PjvKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ ˆmq`

IqvjxDjøvn KvR K‡ib †Kv_v †_‡K? K †bÎ‡Kvbv L KzwoMÖvg M Av‡gwiKv k c¨vwim 1700. mvwnZ¨K‡g©i Rb¨ ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn Kx

cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? K wcBGb cyi¯‹vi L evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi M GKz‡k c`K k Dc‡ii me¸‡jv

bvUK cwiwPwZ : ewncxicvVÅeB; c†Ó¤v 38

1701. evsjv bvU‡Ki cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †Kvb bvUK cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i?

K Zi½f½ L myo½ k ewncxi N yB Zxi 1702. ÔewncxiÕ KZ eQi AšÍi wkl¨ I gywi`‡ì

evwo‡Z Ny‡i †eovb? K GK eQi k yB eQi M wZb eQi N Pvi eQi

bvU‡Ki PwiÎ cwiwPwZ : ewncxicvVëB; c„ôv 38

1703. ewncxi mviv eQi Kx K‡ib? K we‡`‡k _v‡Kb L K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡ib M eëmvq K‡ib k gywi`‡ì evwo Ny‡i †eovb 1704. gywi`‡ì KvQ †_‡K ewncxi Kx cvb? k A_© m¤ú` L Abvì M Ae‡njv N Rwg-Rgv 1705. Zv‡niv cx‡ii m‡½ we‡q‡Z ivwR bv n‡q

cvwj‡q †Kv_vq AvkÖq †c‡q‡Q? K dzdzi evwo L PvPvi evwo M †ev‡bi evwo k kniMvgx eRivq 1706. Zv‡niv‡K †Kvb kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ bvix AwaKvi I

RvMi‡Yi cÖZxK PwiÎ ejv hvq? K AvVv‡iv L Dwbk k wek N GKzk 1707. nv‡kg Avwj Kvi cyÎ? K ewncx‡ii L nwKKzjøvni M gywi‡ì k Rwg`v‡ii 1708. nv‡kg Avwji Pwi‡Î †Kvb êwkó¨ we`¨gvb? K Ajm k gvbexq g~j¨‡eva M fxZz N bgbxq 1709. nv‡kg Avwj †Kgb gvbyl? K hyw³nxb L AbvAvaywbK k gvbweK Abyf‚wZm¤úbœ gvbyl N ggZvnxbZv

1710. Zv‡niv‡K D×vi Ki‡Z nv‡kg‡K Kx wcQy Ujv‡Z cv‡iwb?

K gv‡qi mveavb evYx L ewncx‡ii fxwZ cÖ`k©b M wcZvi KiæY gyL k Dc‡ii meKwU 1711. †K agx©q Kzms¯‹vi I mvgvwRK AwePv‡ii

weiæ‡× cÖZxK PwiÎ? K ewncxi L Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj M †Lv‡`Rv k nv‡kg Avwj 1712. Rwg`vi kn‡i wK‡mi Rb¨ iIqvbv n‡q‡Qb? k A_© msMÖ‡n L wPwKrmvi Rb¨ M Ny‡i †eov‡Z N Dc‡ii meKwU 1713. nv‡Zg Avwj †Kgb Pwi‡Îi gvbyl? K w¯’Zax L AvZ¥wbgMœ M D”P gvbweK †PZbvm¤úbœ k Dc‡ii me¸‡jv


1714. Zv‡niv wec‡` c‡o‡Q †`‡L †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡K eRivq Zz‡j †bq| GLv‡b †Lv‡`Rv Pwi‡Îi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K `qvnxb g‡bvfve k ci ytLKvZiZv M mg‡e`bvnxbZv N ag©fxiæZv

1715. ÔGK-AvaUz VvÆv-g¯‹iv Ki‡ZI ïiæ K‡i‡QÕ Kviv G KvRwU Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q? [Aby. 2]

K gvwSiv L mncvVxiv k MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv N hvÎxiv 1716. eRivi m‡½ av°v †L‡q †bŠKv KZ wgwb‡Ui

g‡a¨ Avav-†Wvev n‡q †Mj? k GK wgwbU L yB wgwbU M wZb wgwbU N Pvi wgwbU 1717. eRiv Kx? K ÿz ª †bŠKvwe‡kl L abx‡ì ågYwejv‡mi Aby‡cv‡hvMx †bŠKv k Kv‡Vi Kvgiv I Qv`hy³ e„nr †bŠKvwe‡kl N eo evwo 1718. ewncx‡ii m‡½ Zv‡nivi mv „k¨ †Kv_vq? k wec‡` c‡o Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq MÖnY L yRbB avwg©K M yRbB K‚U‡KŠkjx N yR‡bB cÖPzi A‡_©i gvwjK 1719. nv‡kg Avwj cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i Kx Ki‡Z Pvq? K MÖv‡g ¯‹zj cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvq L Mwie gvby‡li Dbœqb Ki‡Z Pvq M Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq k QvcvLvbv w`‡Z Pvq 1720. Rwg`v‡ii †Q‡j-†g‡q KZRb? k GK L yB M wZb N Pvi 1721. ÔRv‡b euvwPqv AvwQ BnvB h‡_óÕ GLv‡b euvwPqv

I BnvB k‡ãi PwjZ iƒc Kx? k †eu‡P I GUvB L euvwPqv I GUvB M euvPv I GUv N †eu‡P I GBUv 1722. Zv‡niv mevB‡K Kx Aby‡iva K‡i? K evwo †i‡L Avmvi Rb¨ L AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ k cxi mv‡ne‡K Zvi Lei bv †Ìqvi Rb¨ N cxi mv‡ne‡K ZvovZvwo Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ 1723. nv‡kg Kvi c‡ÿ K_v e‡j? K gvi L evevi k Zv‡nivi N ewncx‡ii 1724. nv‡Zg Avwji †Kvb K_v mwZ¨ bq? k wZwb Amy¯’ L wZwb Rwg`vi M Zuvi GK †Q‡j N †ikgcy‡i Rwg`vwi


1725. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi GLb Kx n‡q‡Q? K A‡bï `L‡j k mvÜ¨ AvB‡b wbjv‡g DV‡Z e‡m‡Q M †Q‡j †K‡o wb‡q‡Q N Rwg`vwii Avq †e‡o‡Q 1726. ÔwbgivwRÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? k cÖvq m¤§Z L m¤§Z M A‡bK †ewk ivwR N cÖ ‘Z 1727. mviv weKvj, mviv mÜ¨v nv‡Zg Avwji wK‡mi

Avkvq KvUj? K †Lv‡`Rvi Avkvq L Rwg`vwi wd‡i cvIqvi Avkv k evjëÜy Av‡bvqv‡ii Avkvq N ewncx‡ii Avkvq 1728. cywjk WvK‡j ev Zvi evc‡K Lei w`‡j Zv‡niv

Kx Ki‡e? k AvZ¥nZ¨v L nvZ †K‡U †dj‡e M cxi mv‡ne‡K Lyb Ki‡e N Rwg`vi cwiev‡ii mevB‡K †g‡i †dj‡e

1729. ÔAvwg †hb †Kvievwbi eKwiÕ evK¨wU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †KvbwU?

K Dcgv k Dr‡cÖÿv M hgK N †køl 1730. cxi mv‡ne Zv‡niv‡K Kv‡Q ivLvi Kx Dcvq

†ei K‡ib? k Zv‡niv‡K Avì †mœn w`‡Z Pvb L A_© w`‡Z Pvb M Zv‡K ¯^vaxb g‡Zv Pj‡Z w`‡Z Pvb N ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q w`‡Z Pvb 1731. Ô†Kv‡bv gvbyl nVvr AvkvZxZ KvR Ki‡Z

cv‡iÕ Dw³wU Kvi? K Zv‡niv L nv‡kg Avwj k ewncxi N nv‡Zg Avwj


1732. K¬vB‡g· (Climax) ej‡Z †evSvq i. Kvwnwbi DrKl© ii. Kvwnwbi P‚ovšÍ Ø›Ø iii. Kvwnwbi Mf© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M iii k i, ii I iii

1733. †nivwmg †¯úcvbwfP& †j‡e‡`d GKRb i. evsjvq bvUK gÂvwqZ K‡ib ii. BD‡ivwcqvb iii. A¨vs‡jv BwÛqvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K ii k i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii 1734. c~e© evsjvi mgvRev¯ÍeZv I mgvRwPÎ

Dc¯’vc‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvU¨Kvi i. byiæj †gv‡gb ii. iex› ªbv_ VvKzi iii. AvmKvi Be‡b kvBL wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?


1735. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cwi‡e‡k dz‡U D‡V‡Q i. cvwbi kã, ~‡i Rvnv‡Ri wmwU aŸwb ii. Zx‡i †dwiIqvjvi nuvKvnuvwK iii. fvwUqvwj Mv‡bi AwZÿxY †ik wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L ii M iii k i, ii I iii

1736. ewncx‡ii eB‡qi fvlvq K_v ejvi KviY i. †`‡ki bvbv ¯’v‡b Zvi gywi` ii. G‡KK ¯’v‡b G‡KK X‡Oi Revb iii. K_¨ fvlvi eënvi Zvi Kv‡Q KUz †V‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii

1737. ewncxi gvV-Nv‡Ui fvlv eënvi K‡ib bv| †Kbbv i. G‡Z cweÎZv bvB ii. G‡Z Mv¤¢xh© bvB iii. G‡Z Avè †jnvR bvB wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i k i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 1738. ewncxi K_¨ fvlv‡K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb

i. hvÎvi fvlvi m‡½ ii. gv‡Vi fvlvi m‡½ iii. Nv‡Ui fvlvi m‡½ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii M i I iii k ii I iii 1739. K_¨ fvlv m¤ú‡K© ewncx‡ii gZ n‡jv, GwU [Aby. 4]

i. gvV-Nv‡Ui fvlv ii. mªóvi evYx enb Kivi Dchy³ iii. †Lv`vi evYx enb Kivi Abychy³

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii k i I iii 1740. ewncx‡ii gywiìv Zv‡K

i. Av‡óc„‡ô †eu‡a †i‡L‡Q ii. Aemi †`q bvB iii. Gev`Z Kivi dzimZ †`q bvB wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii 1741. Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj Amy¯’Zvi fvb K‡iwQ‡jb

i. Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g IVvi Lei †Mvcb Kivi Rb¨ ii. Rwg`vwi nvZQvov nIqvi Avk¼v †P‡c

ivLvi Rb¨ iii. XvKvq Avmvi GKUv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ KviY

Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I iii M ii I iii k i, ii I iii 1742. ewncxi Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj‡K Zzjbv K‡ib

i. Zx‡ii m‡½ ii. LyuwUi m‡½ iii. e„‡ÿi m‡½ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K i L i I ii k iii N ii I iii 1743. ewncxi eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb Zvi ¯¿x

i. wKQy‡ZB GKwU cwievi‡K aŸsm n‡Z †`‡e bv ii. cybivq Ni †Q‡o cvjv‡Z cv‡i iii. nv‡kg‡K we‡q Ki‡Z cv‡i

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii k i I ii N iii


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1744 I 1745bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Zvgï gnvR‡bi Rwg †e`Lj n‡q hv‡”Q| †m

Kvi‡Y Zuvi g‡b kvwšÍ †bB| evwo‡Z bv Rvwb‡q wZwb Rwg iÿvi Rb¨ †Kv‡U© hvb| Gme LiP †RvMv‡bvi A_© †RvMv‡oi Rb¨ wZwb wec_ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z wM‡q †ev‡av`q nq| [Aby. 5-6]

1744. DÏxc‡Ki Zvgï gnvR‡bi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h PwiÎwU mv`„k¨c~Y©

K nwKKzjøvn L nv‡kg Avwj k nv‡Zg Avwj N Rwg`vi wMwbœ 1745. †Kvb êwk‡óï Kvi‡Y Dfq PwiÎ mv`„k¨c~Y©? k Rwg`vwiZ¡ iÿvi Rb¨ KwVb cixÿvi m¤§yLxb L cxi mv‡n‡ei cÖZviYvi wkKvi M mšÍvb nviv‡bvi Rb¨ KwVb cixÿvi m¤§yLxb N eRivq `yN©Ubvi wkKvi DÏxcKwU c‡o 1746 I 1747bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gvZei a~Z©cÖK…wZi †jvK| eqm n‡q‡Q A_P

¯^fve e`jvqwb| ey‡ov eq‡m KwjgywÏi †g‡q‡K we‡q Kivi eë¯’v K‡i| wKš‘ †g‡qwU we‡qi iv‡ZB iv‡R‡bi mv‡_ cvjv‡j gvZei Zv †g‡b †bq| [Aby. 7-8]

1746. DÏxc‡Ki †kl Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvi gva¨‡g ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj Av‡Q?

k ewncxi L nv‡kg Avwj M nv‡Zg Avwj N nwKKzjøvn 1747. †kl Ae¯’vi †gvKvwejvq Dfq Pwi‡Î †h

êwkó¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv n‡jv i. eyw×gËv ii. ev¯ÍeÁvbm¤úbœ iii. gvbweK †PZbv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii k i I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1748 I 1749bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avãyjøvn MÖv‡gi ¯‹z‡j gv÷vwi K‡ib| MÖv‡gi gvbyl

Zv‡KI cxi g‡b K‡ib| KviY, Zuvi evevI cxi wQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y MÖv‡gi GKRb eq¯‹ †jvK Zuvi cv‡q mvjvg Ki‡Z hvb| wKš‘ Avãyjøvn Gm‡e wek¦vm K‡ib bv| †mRb¨ wZwb mvjvg Ki‡Z bv w`‡j eq¯‹ †jvK g‡b K‡i †e‡n‡¯Íi PvweUv GKUzi Rb¨ dm‡K †Mj| [Aby. 9-10]

1748. DÏxc‡Ki Avãyjøv‡ni Kvh©µ‡g ÔewncxiÕ

bvU‡Ki wecixZ êwk‡óï PwiÎwU n‡jv K nv‡kg Avwj L nv‡Zg Avwj M nwKKzjøvn k ewncxi 1749. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wecixZ Kvh©µ‡g Avãyjøvn

Pwi‡Î cÖKvwkZ w`KwU n‡jv K a~Z©Zv L âh©kxjZv k Kzms¯‹vigy³ N fÐvwg

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1750 I 1751bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gvZ…nxbv ggZv eo n‡q‡Q Avjøvnfxiæ cx‡ii

f³ wcZvi ZË¡veav‡b| cÖwZev‡ì fvlv †m Rv‡b bv| wKš‘ e„× cx‡ii mv‡_ Zvi wcZv Zvi we‡q w`‡Z †M‡j †m Zvi cÖwZev` K‡i|

1750. DÏxc‡Ki ggZvi ga¨ w`‡q ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Kvi K_v †evSv hvq?

K †Lv‡`Rv k Zv‡niv M nwKKzjøvn N nv‡kg Avwj 1751. DÏxc‡Ki ggZvi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K

Zv‡nivi wgj cvIqv hvq i. gvZ…nxbv nIqvq ii. weevwnZ GK e„‡×i mv‡_ we‡qi K_v nIqvq iii. mvnmx I cÖwZev`x nIqvq


DÏxcKwU c‡o 1752 I 1753bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Mwji †gv‡o RUjv †`‡L †eMg ivweqv GwM‡q

†M‡jb| †`‡Lb GKwU cÖwZeÜx wK‡kvix‡K wN‡i †KŠZ‚njx gvbyl bvbv gšÍe¨ I gRv Ki‡Q| †eMg ivweqv wK‡kvixwU‡K evwo‡Z VuvB †`b| eo †Q‡j wRqv evmvq G‡m me †`‡L-ï‡b wK‡kvixwU‡K wb‡q Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvIqvi cÖ¯Íve Kij| †eMg ivweqvi AvcwË‡Z †m ejj, Ôgv AvkÖq †ÌqvUvB me bq| †m GKRb AwUw÷K wK‡kvix| Zvi wPwKrmvi cÖ‡qvRb|Õ

1752. DÏxc‡Ki Ô†eMg ivweqvÕ Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎwU mv`„k¨c~Y©?

K Zv‡nivi mrgv L Zv‡niv k †Lv‡`Rv N nv‡kg Avwj 1753. DÏxc‡Ki wRqvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji i. mnvbyf‚wZ ii. `vwqZ¡‡eva iii. †R`

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? k i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii


AwaK Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †miv cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z AviI

kxl©¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vPwb cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ : m„Rbkxj

1 †dbx Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 AviR Avjx gvZzeŸi GKRb ¯^wkwÿZ gvbyl| ewikv‡ji GK cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g Zvi

evwo| evj¨Kvj †_‡K bZzb wKQy Rvbv Ges eB‡qi cÖwZ AvMÖn wQj cÖPzi| Avw_©K Am”QjZvi Kvi‡Y Zvi †ewk ~i †jLvcov n‡q I‡Vwb| wKš‘ eB‡qi cÖwZ Zvi eB A`g¨ AvMÖ‡ni Kv‡Q mKj cÖwZeÜKZv nvi gv‡b| cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb ewikv‡ji cvewjK jvB‡eªwi‡Z Lye mvgvb¨ †eZ‡b PvKwi †bb| jvB‡eªwii eB cwi®‹vi Kivi duv‡K duv‡K eB‡qi g‡a¨ eyu` n‡q _vK‡Zb| eB covB n‡q I‡V Zvi GKgvÎ †bkv| Avi G †bkvB Zv‡K cieZ©x mg‡q GKRb `vk©wb‡K cwiYZ K‡i| mywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB †h ¯wkwÿZ Zv AviR Avjx gvZzeŸ‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| K. cÖg_ †PŠayixi ˆcwÎK wbevm †Kv_vq? 1 L. Ô†h RvwZi Áv‡bi fvÐvi k~b¨, †m RvwZi a‡bi fuv‡oI fevbxÕÑ Dw³wU

Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. evOvwj mgvR fvebvq A_©‰bwZK cÖm½ DÏxc‡K I ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü

Kxfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒmywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZÓ gšÍe¨wU DÏxcK I ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi

Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 2 wkeevwoi eo gw›ì| c~Rvi g¯Í Av‡qvR‡b e¨¯Í MÖv‡gi mK‡j| my›ì K‡i

mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q gw›ì| MÖv‡gi Rwg`vi wbR nv‡Z gw›ì mvRv‡bvi KvR Ki‡Qb| cv‡ki MÖvg †_‡K f³iv Avm‡Q gv‡qi c~Rv w`‡Z| cy‡ivwn‡Zi K‡É g‡š¿i D”Pvi‡Y c~Rv ïiæ n‡jv| cy‡ivwnZ gš¿ covi duv‡K duv‡K c~Rvi NÈv evRvb| Ggb mgq M‡R© DVj Rwg`v‡ii KÉ| gw›`‡i c~Rv w`‡Z G‡m‡Q GK †g_‡ii M„nea~| Rwg`vi ejj, Ô†QvU RvZ n‡q gv‡qi gw›`‡i c~Rv †èvi kL?Ó Rwg`v‡ii wb‡`©‡k Zv‡K Mjv av°v w`‡q †ei K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv gw›ì †_‡K| AuvPj w`‡q †PvL gyQ‡Z gyQ‡Z P‡j †Mj M„nea~| Avevi ïiæ n‡jv c~Rv| K. KvOvjxi evevi bvg Kx? 1 L. ÔevMw`-`y‡j N‡ii †KD KL‡bv Ilya †L‡q euv‡P bvÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki g~jfve ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †Kvb NUbv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ò†g_‡ii M„nea~‡K gw›ì †_‡K †ei K‡i †Ìqvq ZrKvjxb wn›`y

mgv‡Ri msKxY© g‡biB cwiPq cvIqv hvqÓÑ Dw³wUi mZ¨Zv AfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K hvPvB Ki| 4

3 †Zvgiv GKZviv evRvB‡qv bv, †`vZviv evRvB‡qv bv wMUvi Avi e½ evRvi †i, †Zvgiv wMUvi Avi e½ evRvI †i GKZv evRvB‡j g‡b cBov hvq, GKw`b evOvwj wQjvg †i|

K. Ôˆggbwmsn MxwZKvÕ m¤úv`bv K‡ib †K? 1 L. Ôb‡Pr G mKj †Kewj fzqv, †Kewj dw°KviÕÑ eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi welqe¯‘‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e aviY

K‡iwbÓÑ gšÍe¨wU wePvi-we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 c‡b‡iv eQi eq‡m evwoi eo eD n‡q G‡m‡Q we› y| Zvi †Pv‡Li Pvnwb †hb

KweZvq †gvov‡bv GK Q›`gq KweZv| evwoi cuvwP‡ji av‡i Mv‡Q Mv‡Q Av‡gi gyKzj G‡j Avi `wÿYv evZvm gb Quy‡q †M‡j †m eyS‡Z cv‡i aivZ‡j emšÍ G‡m‡Q| Z‡e wek¦RMr Zvi FZzi myavcvÎ nv‡Z K‡i †hgb K‡iB WvK w`K bv †Kb, we› y eyS‡Z cv‡i AwZ Zz”Q BU-Kv‡Vi AšÍiv‡jB Zv‡K wZ‡j wZ‡j gi‡Z n‡e| we‡qi wekwU eQi ci †m Avwe®‹vi K‡i wb‡R‡K| †`‡L msmv‡ii cÖwZw`bKvi RxebhvÎvi g‡a¨ KLb †m nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q Zvi e¨w³K mË¡v‡K, Zvi Kvwe¨K mË¡v‡K| K. ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq †Kvb cwÎKvq e¨v½vZ¥K KweZv I c¨v‡ivwW wj‡L

mvwnZ¨v½‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib? 1 L. ÔwbgMv‡Qi B‡”Q Ki‡Z jvM‡jv †jvKUvi m‡½ P‡j †h‡ZÕÑ †Kb? eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki we›`yi mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi cÖZxKx wbgMv‡Qi I j¶¥xeDi

mv`„k¨/êmv`„k¨ wbiƒcY Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g~jMí‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡QÕ ÔwbgMvQÕ

M‡íi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 5 DÏxcK-1 GB c„w_ex‡Z GK ¯’vb Av‡QÑ me‡P‡q my›ì KiæY; †mLv‡b meyR WvOv fÕ‡i Av‡Q gayK‚cx Nv‡m Aweij; †mLv‡b Mv‡Qi bvg : KuvVvj, Ak¦Ì, eU, Rviæj, wnRj; †mLv‡b †fv‡ii †g‡N bvUvi i‡Oi g‡Zv RvwM‡Q AiæY| DÏxcK-2 mÜ¨v n‡j? †gŠgvwQ PvK Av‡Rv euv‡a bv wK Rv‡gi wbweo Nb Wv‡j, †gŠ LvIqv n‡q †M‡j Av‡Rv Zviv D‡o hvq Kzqvkvq mÜ¨vi evZv‡mÑ K‡Zv `y‡i hvq, Avnv... A_ev nq‡Zv †KD PvjZvi SivcvZv R¡v‡j gayi Pv‡Ki wb‡PÑ gvwQ¸‡jv D‡o hvq... S‡i c‡o... gÕ‡i _v‡K Nv‡m|

K. ÔgvjëvbÕ Kx RvZxq iPbv? 1 L. Ô†mw`bI †`wL‡e ¯cœÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxcK-1 I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©gqZvi †h wPÎ

Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ Ki| 3 N. Òe¨w³ gvbyl nvwi‡q hvq cÖK…wZi A‡gvN wbq‡g wKš‘ c„w_exi Mí¸‡jv

†eu‡P _v‡K wPiKvjÓ DÏxcK-2 I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU wePvi Ki| 4

6

K. gZje wgqv †K? 1 L. ÔGKwU bZzb c„w_exi Rb¥ n‡Z P‡j‡QÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wPÎ-1 G Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ò¯^vaxbZvhy‡× bvixi Ae`vb mgy¾¡j Z¨v‡Mi gwngvq, msMÖvgx †PZbvqÓÑ

wPÎ-2 I Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4

7 gv ZzB hvm‡b Avi H ew`¨ evwo GKjv N‡i †Zvi mv‡_ AvR euvae Avwo| Pzc K‡i _vK j²x †LvKv GB‡Zv Avwg| hv‡ev Avm‡ev ew`¨gkvq A‡bK `vwg ZzB Qvov †gvi fyebLvbv k¥kb Kv‡jv my¯’ n‡q Kiwe Avgvi †Kvj †h Av‡jv| wVK Av‡Q gv, Avb‡M Ilya GB †ejv| Kvj‡K Avevi cvovi gv‡V †mB †Ljv|

K. mvZ bwe wmKvq Kx †eu‡a ivLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. ÔAuvav‡ii mv‡_ hywSqv Zvnvi dziv‡q G‡m‡Q †ZjÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki †LvKvi mv‡_ ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †Q‡jwUi mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq?

wbY©q Ki| 3 N. ÒmšÍvb evrmj¨B DÏxc‡Ki †LvKvi gv ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjø gv‡K

GK m~‡Î †eu‡a‡QÓ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 8 ¯^vaxbZv, evsjv‡`k-GB g‡Zv kã †_‡K Iiv Avgv‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i ivL‡Q me©`v| A_P Rv‡bbv Iiv †KD Mv‡Qi cvZvq, dzUcv‡Z cvwLi cvj‡K wKsev bvixi y'†Pv‡L c‡_i ay‡jvq ew¯Íi yišÍ †Q‡jUvi nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq me©`vB †`wL R¡‡j ¯^vaxbZv bvgK kãwU|

K. eyav‡K †K QbœQvov e‡j Wv‡K? 1 L. ÔIi mvg‡b †R‡M I‡V GKwU fqven KzwUj ivZÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dbc¨v‡mi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡i wK? hyw³mn

cÖgvY Ki| 4 9 gyw³Kvgx `yišÍ cw_K wecø‡ei AwMœg‡š¿ `xwÿZ GK gy³ ˆmwbK| †m Rv‡b gyw³i

c_ eÜzi c_| †m c‡_ c‡_ g„Zz¨ Iur †c‡Z Av‡Q| Zey KiæY g„Zz¨‡K Avwj½b Ki‡Z Zvi †Kv‡bv wØav †bB| KviY yišÍ cw_K wPišÍb gyw³Kvgx| K. Ô†cvKvgvK‡oi NiemwZÕ Kvi †jLv? 1 L. ÔGevi g„Zzï DrcvZ ïiæ K‡i wfbœ iK‡gi gvbylÕÑ G K_v Øviv Kx

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki `yišÍ cw_K I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav mgag©x n‡jI

cy‡ivcywi GK bqÓ gšÍe¨wUi †ÿ‡Î †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 10 `yišÍ nwiYxi g‡Zv PÂjv ¯^fv‡ei †g‡q Rwgjv eD n‡q hvi N‡i Av‡m Zvi bvg gwR`|

†jvKwU MÖv‡gi mnR mij gvbyl¸‡jvi AmnvqZvi my‡hvM wb‡q AÁvZbvgv cÖvPxb Kei‡K gvRvi wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i cÖfve cÖwZcwË M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| Rwgjv gwR`‡K cÖ_g †`Lvi AwfÁZv e¨³ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡j, ÒZq †`BLv Avwg KB; `y¨Z, Zzwg Avgvi j‡M g¯‹iv Ki †Lv‡`Rv eyey| KviY Kx Avwg fvejvg, Zvwb eywS `yjvi evc|Ó K. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 1 L. ÔZvnviv Zvnv‡ì bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡QÕÑ ewncx‡ii Giƒc Dw³i

KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Rwgjv Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mv`„k¨c~Y©

w`KwU Zz‡j ai| 3 N. Òag©‡K cuywR K‡i ¯^xq ¯^v_© PwiZv_© KivB gwR` Ges ewncx‡ii cÖK…Z ag©ÓÑ

DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU hvPvB Ki| 4 11 mÜ¨v‡ejv cyKzi Nv‡U cvwb wb‡Z wM‡q AÁvb n‡q hvq wgbwZ| cwiev‡ii mK‡ji

Ges cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì wek¦vm Zvi Dci wRb-f~‡Zi AvQi c‡o‡Q| kxNÖB †Kv‡bv cxi-dwK‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| G wm×v‡šÍ †Nvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i wgbwZi wek¦we`¨vjq co–qv wcmZz‡Zv fvB myKzgvi| †m wgbwZ‡K Dc‡Rjv ¯v¯’¨‡K‡› ª wb‡q Wv³vi †`Lv‡j ªæZ my ’ n‡q I‡V| g~jZ kvixwiK ye©jZvi Kvi‡YB GgbwU n‡qwQj|

K. m~h©v¯Í AvBb KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? 1 L. ÔLvwj KPzwicvbv, †Kej KPzwicvbv †f‡m hvqÕÑ †K KLb †Kb GB Dw³wU

K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki myKzgvi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi †PZbvi mv`„k¨ wePvi Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mgvReë ’vi mv‡_ dz‡U IVv welq †_‡K cwiÎvYB

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wkÿYxq w`K|ÓÑ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4


2 gqgbwmsn Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

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w`KwUi m½wZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kj¨vYx I myfv GKB cwiw ’wZi wkKvi n‡jI Df‡qi †cÖÿvcU

I cwiYwZ wfbœ we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 Kwei Rvg©vwb‡Z _v‡K| mcwiev‡i| `yB hyM a‡i| I‡qj †m‡UjW hv‡K

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†Zvgvi g~j¨vqb e¨³ Ki| 4 3 mygb I k¨vgj evjëÜy| `yRbB D”Pwkÿvq wkwÿZ| †ckvMZ Rxe‡b mygb

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K_v e‡j‡Qb? 1 L. AvZ¥vi Ag„Z Dcjwä Kiv hvq bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki myg‡bi gv‡S Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU

cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. k¨vg‡ji Kv‡R wkÿvi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU Dcw¯’Z Ôwkÿv I

gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 ^vaxb evsjv †eZvi‡K›`ª gyw³‡hv×v‡ì D¾xweZ Ki‡Z †bc_¨ f‚wgKv

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†Kb? eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki fvebv ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †Kvb w`K‡K D‡š§vwPZ

K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi mgMÖ Abyfe‡K aviY

K‡i wK? g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

L AskKweZv 5 G Avgvi ˆkk‡ei b`x, GB R‡ji cÖnvi mvivw`b Zxi fv‡O, cvK Lvq, †Nvjv †mÖvZ Uv‡b wKQyB LyuwRwb Avwg hZevi G‡mwQ G Zx‡i bxieZ…wßi Rb¨ Avbg‡b e‡m †_‡K Nv‡m wbg©j evZvm †U‡b eûÿY f‡iwQ G eyK|

K. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ †Kvb ai‡bi KweZv? 1 L. K‡cvZvÿ b‡ì Kv‡Q Kwei cÖv_©bv Kx? 2 M. we‡`‡k _vK‡j †`‡ki AwZ mvaviY wRwbmI gb‡K cÖejfv‡e bvov

†`q †Zvgvi cwVZ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K eY©bv Ki| 3 N. Ô¯^‡`kfvebv I AZxZ weayiZvq K‡cvZvÿ b` n‡q D‡V‡Q Kwei ms‡e`¨

Rxe‡bi cÖZxKÕ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 6 RMr Rywoqv GK RvwZ Av‡Q †m RvwZi bvg gvbyl RvwZ kxZ Zvc ÿzav Z…òvi R¡vjv mevB Avgiv mgvb eywS, e‡Y© e‡Y© bvB‡i we‡kl wbwLj RMr eªþgq

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cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨‡K wK ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei AvKv•ÿvi cÖwZdjb ejv hvq? 4

7 ev`kv evei Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q wb` bvwn †Pv‡L Zuvi cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi| Pvwiav‡i Zuvi Nbv‡q G‡m‡Q giY AÜKvi|.

K. euvke‡b e‡m †Kvb cvwL Wv‡K? 1 L. ÔAv‡Rv †iv‡M Zvi c_¨ †Rv‡UwbÕ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ †Zvgvi cwVZ KweZvi m‡½ KZUzKz

mv`„k¨c~Y©, e¨L¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi mvgwMÖK fve‡K aviY K‡i

wK? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 mvgv` mv‡ne e¨vs‡K K¨vwkqvi wn‡m‡e 30 eQi hver Kg©iZ Av‡Qb|

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mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvgv` mv‡ne ivbvi Pwi‡Îi we‡kl w`K‡K aviY Ki‡jI ivbvi

¯^Zš¿ gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 9 7B gv‡P©i fvlY ï‡b M‡R© I‡V K‡jRcyoqv Avey mvC`| Suvwc‡q c‡o

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Bw½Z K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Avey mvC‡ì g‡bvfveB †hb ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi

g~j e³e¨ hyw³mn cÖgvY Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 Rwg`vi gwdR Luv-Gi bvg ïb‡j cÖRviv f‡q Kuvc‡Z _v‡K| Zvi

ûKz‡gi Aeva¨ n‡j †m cÖRvi Avi iÿv †bB| B`vbxs Zvi †Pjv wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q nv‡mg e¨vcvix| mvivw`b Zv‡K Kzcivgk© †`q Avi bvbv ARynv‡Z cÖRv‡ì nv‡ji ej`, N‡ii wUb, cyKz‡ii gvQ a‡i wb‡q Av‡m| †KD cÖwZev` Ki‡j Zv‡K MÖvgQvov K‡i| MÖv‡gi mvwjk-wePvi meB nv‡mg e¨vcvixi Bw½‡Z P‡j| ZvB mvaviY gvbyl KvbvNylv K‡i nv‡mg e¨vcvix †hb Rwg`v‡ii Rwg`vi| K. kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K wQj? 1 L. †h gvby‡li `„wó‡Z fvlv †bB, eyavi g‡Z †m gvbyl †Kb gvbyl bq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki nv‡mg e¨vcvixi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z

Avnv` gywÝ Pwi‡Îi mv`„‡kï w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKgvÎ w`K

bq hyw³mn eywS‡q †jL| 4 11 AvRv‡ì evev bvgKiv cxi wQ‡jb| wKš‘ AvRv` cov‡jLv wk‡L‡Qb|

kn‡i PvKwi K‡ib| `xN©w`b ci MÖv‡g †eov‡Z Av‡mb| MÖv‡gi gyiweŸ Zvi Kv‡Q G‡m Zv‡K mvjvg Ki‡Z hvq| AvRv` mv‡ne wb‡RB Zv‡K mvjvg K‡ib, wKš‘ gyiweŸ G NUbvq wb‡R‡K cvcx g‡b K‡ib| Av‡iKRb Zvi Kv‡Q cvwbcov wb‡Z Av‡m| Zv‡K AvRv` mv‡ne †evSv‡bvi †Póv K‡ib| K. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cÖ_g msjvcwU Kvi? 1 L. we‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_v G K_vwU eywS‡q ej| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z MÖv‡gi gvbyl¸‡jvi Kvh©µ‡g ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K

cÖwZdwjZ mgv‡Ri †Kvb wPÎ‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zv Zz‡j ai| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki AvRv` PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii g‡Zv ag©

eëmvqx bq gšÍe¨wU wePvi Ki| 4


3 RqcyinvU Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 Awbkv G eQi GmGmwm cixÿv †`‡e| †ivKb mv‡ne, Awbkvi evev

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êmv`„k¨c~Y©? †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †iRIqvb mv‡n‡ei gZv`k©B ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g~j K_v| gšÍe¨wU

we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 e„‡ÿi w`‡K ZvKv‡j Rxe‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä mnR nq| ZvB evievi †mw`‡K

ZvKv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| gvwUi im †U‡b wb‡q wb‡R‡K †gvUv‡mvUv K‡i Zzj‡ZB e„‡ÿi Kv‡Ri mgvwß bq| bB‡j Zvi Rxeb Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hv‡e| ZvB e„ÿ‡K mv_©KZvi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mRxeZv I mv_©KZvi Ggb RxešÍ `„óvšÍ Avi †bB| K. ÔwbgMvQÕ †Kvb RvZxq Mí? 1 L. ÔgvwUi wfZi wkKo A‡bK `~‡i P‡j †M‡QÕÑ G K_v w`‡q †jLK Kx

eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`‡Ki m‡½ mv „k¨c~Y©Ñ Zv e¨vL¨v

Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ cÖe‡Üi g~jfve‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖKvk K‡i bvÑ

†hŠw³K e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 3 cÖev‡m emevm Kiv gyimvjvZ QywU‡Z evevi mv‡_ MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z

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K. MÖv‡gi GKv‡šÍ †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i k¥kvb? 1 L. Ò†m †hb GKUv Drme evwaqv †MjÓÑ K_vwU †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †h mgvRwP‡Îi cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zvi

e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. ÔmvgšÍev‡ì wbôzi iƒc Ges wbPz †kªwYi nZ`wi ª gvby‡li `ytL-K‡ói

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K. me ¯§„wZ gy‡Q w`‡Z Kx D`¨Z? 1 L. ÒKwei weiæ‡× Kwe, gv‡Vi weiæ‡× gvVÓÑ GLv‡b Kx eywS‡q‡Qb

Kwe? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ô¯^vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb

welqwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKvÐvwiÕ Avm‡j Ô¯^vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì

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K. ÔAvRvwii wPbÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. Kwe Kvjvcvnvo‡K AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. ˆZqeyi mv‡ne ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z †h Pwi‡Îi wecixZ mËv Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z fÐ‡ì gvbwmKZv cwieZ©‡b ˆZqeyi mv‡n‡ei

g‡Zv e¨w³‡ì cÖ‡qvRxqZv AcwimxgÑ gZvgZwU we‡kølY Ki| 4 7 nq‡Zv LB‡qi avb Qov‡Z‡Q wkï GK DVv‡bi Nv‡m; iƒcmvi †Nvjv R‡j nq‡Zv wK‡kvi GK mv`v †Quov cv‡j wWOv evq; ivOv †gN muvZiv‡q AÜKv‡i Avwm‡Z‡Q bx‡o †`wL‡e aej eK; Avgv‡iB cv‡e Zzwg Bnv‡ì wf‡o|

K. AKvj eva©‡K¨ bZ †K? 1 L. Rwgjvi gvÕi k~b¨ Lv Lv ivbœvNi ïK‡bv _vjv ej‡Z Kwe Kx

eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv wP‡Îi mv‡_ ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi

mv „‡kï w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔRb¥f~wgi m‡½ gvby‡li Rxeb Mfxifv‡e m¤úwK©ZÕÑ DÏxcK Ges

KweZvq †m w`KwUB my¯úó| hyw³ w`‡q wePvi Ki| 4 8 gv÷vi `v m~h©‡mb weªwUk kvm‡bi weiæ‡× iæ‡L ùvovb| G †`‡ki MYgvby‡li

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Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Rxe‡bi cwiYwZi wgj/Awgj¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU w`K gvÎ, m¤ú~Y© bqÑ

gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 9 †Kóvi gv gviv †M‡j wbivkªq êgv‡Îq †evb Kv`w¤^bxi evwo‡Z Avkªq †bq|

Zvi GB AbvKvw•ÿZ AvMgb Kv`w¤bx fv‡jvfv‡e †bqwb eis g‡b g‡b †m fxlY ALywk| Zv‡K w`‡q cÖwZwbqZ msmv‡ii bvbv KvR Kwi‡q wb‡”Q| Kvi‡Y AKvi‡Y Zz”Q welq wb‡q cÖvqB `ye©ënvi K‡i| wbiæcvq †Kóv mewKQy bxi‡e mn¨ K‡i| K. eyavi PvPv‡Zv †ev‡bi bvg Kx? 1 L. ÔAvwg wb‡Ri †evSv wb‡R eBeÕÑ eyavi Ggb gšÍ‡eï KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ DcbÄ‡mi †Kvb we‡kl w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|

Zz‡j ai| 3 N. ÒMÖv‡gi Ae‡nwjZ, cÖvwšÍK GK wK‡kv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b RxebmsMÖv‡gi

Abb¨ `wjj ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨vmÓÑ DÏxcK Ges Dcb¨vm Aej¤^‡b G K_vi mZ¨Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

10 Aí eq‡m gv-evev‡K nvwi‡q wkDwj GLb eo fvB‡qi msmv‡i| †hŠZz‡Ki UvKvi Afv‡e eo fvB cv‡ki GjvKvi GKRb eq¯‹ gvby‡li m‡½ we‡q wVK Kiv‡Z †m Zv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z eo fvB ÿzä n‡q †Rvi K‡i Av‡iK †eKvi †Q‡j iZb Gi m‡½ we‡q †`qvi †Póv K‡i| G‡ZI †m ivwR nq bv| cov‡jLv Kivi A`k¨ B”Qv Zvi| Ae‡k‡l fvexi mn‡hvwMZvq GKw`b Zvi cQ‡›ì †Q‡ji mv‡_ ARvbvi D‡Ï‡k †ewi‡q c‡o| K. eRiv †Kvb Nv‡U †_‡gwQj? 1 L. ÔGgb †g‡q Kv‡iv †c‡U Rb¥vq Zv RvbZvg bvÕÑ K_vwU †Kb ejv

n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wkDwj wK ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡

K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔwkDwj Ges Zv‡niv Dfq‡K wek kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ bvix AwaKvi I

RvMi‡Yi cÖZxKx PwiÎ ejv hvqÕ †Zvgvi DË‡ii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 11 evwRZcyi MÖv‡gi Ae¯’vm¤úbœ K…lK ewki wgqvi †Q‡j Rwj‡ji ¯¿x iwk`vi

MZ cuvP eQ‡i mšÍvb-mšÍwZ n‡jv bv| GjvKvi cxiL¨vZ †Rvbve Avjxi kiYvcbœ n‡j wZwb Gi wPwKrmvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡jb| `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q evwo‡Z Nb Nb Avmv-hvIqv ïiæ Ki‡jb| Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y wPwKrmvi bv‡g UvKv-cqmv w`‡Z w`‡Z GK mgq ewki wgqv cÖvq wbt¯^ nevi Dcµg| wKš‘ wPwKrmv †kl nq bv| Ae‡k‡l GKw`b GjvKvi wkwÿZ †Q‡j iweb Zv‡K G Ae¯’v †_‡K D×vi K‡ib Ges cyÎea~‡K DbœZ wPwKrmvi cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ vb K‡ib| K. ewncxi †Kvb ai‡bi eëmv cwiPvjbv K‡ib? 1 L. ewncx‡ii bvg ÔewncxiÕ n‡jv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K cxi ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zvi e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cx‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡jI m¤ú~Y©

PvwiwÎK êwkó¨‡K aviY K‡i bv|Ñ we‡kølY Ki| 4


4 Avg©W cywjk e¨vUvwjqb cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, e¸ov evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 (i) Òmy-es‡k my-mšÍvb myaxR‡b Kq fv‡jv ex‡R fv‡jv dmj dwj‡e wbðq|Ó (ii) ÒGK Mv‡Qi Qvj Ab¨ Mv‡Q †Rvov jv‡M bv|Ó (iii) ÒwbwZ¨ wbwZ¨ dj LvI ew`¨ evwo bvwn hvI|Ó

K. ÒVvKzigvi SzwjÓ †K iPbv K‡ib? 1 L. Òkû‡i Mv‡bi cÖfv‡e †m¸‡jv GLb ee©i Pvlvi Mvb e‡j f`ª

mgv‡R weKvq bv|Óe¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi m¤ú~Y© fve‡K aviY K‡i

bv|Ó gšÍe¨wUi mZ¨Zv wePvi Ki| 4 2 †QvU †Q‡jUvi Kqw`b †_‡K fxlY R¡i| weaev iwngv nuv‡mi K‡qKUv

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n‡jv bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔAvg AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏx~c‡Ki iwngv wK ÔAvg AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi cÖwZ”Qwe?

†Zvgvi gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 3 Avgv‡ì M„n‡Kv‡Y MÖv‡g M‡Ä Nv‡U

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e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K Ges ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvq †h ee©iZv cÖKvwkZ

n‡q‡Q Zv evOvwj‡K fxZ K‡i wb|ÓgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 ¯^vgx mšÍvb, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb wb‡q ÔRv‡n`viÕ eo msmvi| cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©B

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we‡kølY Ki| 4

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K. †QvU‡ì Rb¨ †jLv wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi MÖš’wUi bvg Kx? 1 L. Ôgv‡P©i weiæ‡× gvP©Õ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxcKwUi mv‡_ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZv Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Mvb Ges Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvwUi e³e¨ GKB cÖR‡š§i Rb¨Ó Dw³wUi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 6 evsjvi b`x wK †kvfvkvwjbx wK gayi Zvi KzjKzj aŸwb `yÕav‡i Zvnvi weUcxi †kÖwY †nwi‡j Ryovq wnqv|

K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi AgiKxwZ© †KvbwU? 1 L. Ô†mœ‡ni Z…òvÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi g~jfv‡ei mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki g~jfv‡ei

mv`„k¨ eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi cwiYwZi w`KwU

Abycw¯’Zwe‡kølY Ki| 4 7 gvbyl m„wói †miv Rxe| gvbeRxeb bvwZ`xN©| gvbyl ¯^xq K‡g©i Rb¨

mvdj¨, e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| †fvM, †jvf-jvjmvi wPšÍvq gvbyl e¨_©Zv AR©b K‡i| cÿvšÍ‡i Z¨vM, âh© I mwnòzZvi gva¨‡g gvbyl mdjZv AR©b K‡i| K. RM‡Z yj©f Kx? 1 L. ÒAvqy †hgb ˆkev‡ji bxiÓe¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe e¨_©Zvi †h eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb DÏxc‡Ki

Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ômvdj¨ AR©‡b PvB Z¨vM, âN© I mwnòzZvÕDÏxcK I ÔRxeb

m½xZÕ KweZv Aej¤^‡b Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 †Rv‡e` Avjx Mwie Pvlx| †m Zvi mvgvb¨ Avevw` Rwg †_‡K hv cvq

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PwiÎ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒRv‡e` Avjx c`‡ÿc AvR‡Ki ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k

MV‡b me©v½xb mnvqZv K‡i‡QÓ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

9 we‡`wk †mbvi Kvgv‡b-ey‡j‡U we× bvix wkï Avi hyeK †Rvqvb-e„× kÎæ †mbviv nZ¨vi Awfhv‡b gyw³evwnbx cÖwZ‡iva DÌv‡b|

K. eyav KqwU gkvj evwb‡qwQj? 1 L. Ô†jvnvi Uzwc I‡ì gMR †L‡q‡QÕ| e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘i LwÐZ

AskgvÎgšÍe¨wUi mc‡ÿ †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4

N AskbvUK 10 wibvi eqm c‡b‡iv| †`L‡Z my›ìx nIqvq A‡b‡K Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z

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K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒZv‡niv hw` DÏxc‡Ki wibvi c_ Aej¤^b Ki‡Zv Zvn‡j ÔewncxiÕ

bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ Ab¨ iKg n‡Z cvi‡Zv|Ó hyw³ `vI| 4 11 ewncxi| Rxebmvqv‡ý DcbxZ m‡Z¨ civwRZ GKRb cx‡ii

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ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv †`LvI| 3 N. ÒewncxiÓ bvU‡Ki Kvwnwbi MwZgqZv I PvÂj¨ DÏxc‡Ki

eY©bv‡K AviI kvwYZ K‡i‡Q|Ó gšÍe¨wU wePvi Ki| 4


5 cywjk jvBÝ ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 Mdzi jw¾Z nBqv ewjj evc †ewU‡Z `y‡ejv `y‡Uv †cU f‡i †L‡Z ch©šÍ cvB‡b| N‡ii cv‡b †P‡q †`L, wewó ev`‡j †g‡qwU‡K wb‡q †Kv‡Y e‡m ivZ KvUvB; cv Qwo‡q †kvevi VuvB †g‡j bv| g‡nk‡K GKwUevi ZvwK‡q †`L, cuvRiv †Mvbv hv‡”Q| `vI bv VvKzi gkvB Kvnb `yB avi, MiæUv‡K `yÕw`b †cU cy‡i †L‡Z w`B| ewj‡Z ewj‡ZB Mdzi ac Kwiqv eªv þ‡Yi cv‡qi Kv‡Q ewmqv cwij| ZK©iZœ Kwn‡jb, ÔAv gi, Quz‡q †djwe bv wK?Õ K. MÖv‡gi bvwo †`L‡Z RvbZ †K? 1 L. ewmK nZeyw×i g‡Zv ùvovBqv iwnj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Mdzi PwiÎwU †Kvb w`K w`‡q ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi KvOvwj

Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ZK©iZœ wK ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi Aai iv‡qi mv_©K

cÖwZwbwa? hyw³ `vI| 4 2 evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ i‡q‡Q GK wekvj fvÐvi| GK †kÖwYi mvwn‡Z¨ Q‡›`ve×

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n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔGivB Avgvi Avmj kw³Õ| DÏxc‡Ki AvKei †nv‡m‡bi GB Dw³wU

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K. Rxebvb›` `vk iwPZ GKwU Dcb¨v‡mi bvg wjL| 1 L. ÔGwkwiqv a~‡jv AvRÕ eywS‡q wjL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv „k¨c~Y© w`KwU

Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi g~jfv‡ei wecixZ Av`‡k©

cÖZxqgvb †Zvgvi AwfgZ `vI| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 Rwg`vi gwdR Luvi bvg ïb‡j cÖRviv f‡q Kuvc‡Z _v‡K| Zuvi ûKz‡gi Aeva¨ n‡j

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gywÝ Pwi‡Îi mv`„‡kï w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKgvÎ „w`K bq

hyw³mn eywS‡q †jL| 4 9 †MÖ‡bW D‡V‡Q nv‡Z KweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡dj Gevi ev‡Ni _vev, †fvR n‡e AvR cÖwZ‡kv‡a| †L‡jwQ, †g‡iwQ my‡L-Kvb †K‡U w`‡qwQ †Zv‡ì

K. eyavi †QvU †ev‡bi eqm KZ? 1 L. eyav †bvjK eyqvi MÖvg †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvqbv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ mv „k¨c~Y© Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Kwe †PZbv Ges ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav gvbwmKZvi †hb

G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 gÄyi mv‡n‡ei fwMœcwZ gviv hvIqvi ci fwMbx gv‡R`v‡K wb‡q G‡m gvbyl

K‡i| UvKv euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡R`v‡K eëmvqxi wØZxq ¯¿x wn‡m‡e we‡q †Ìqv wm×všÍ †bq| gÄyi mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x Gi cÖwZev` K‡i Ges Zv n‡Z †`qwb| K. m~h©v¯Í AvBb KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? 1 L. Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji g‡b kvwšÍ bvB †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki gÄyi mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avjx

Pwi‡Îi êwkó¨ Zz‡j ai| 3 N. gvZ…myjf mnvbyf‚wZ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v PwiÎwU cy‡ivcywi

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv PwiÎ bq gšÍe¨wU h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4 11 jvjmvjy Dcb¨v‡mi fÐcxi gwR` wK‡kvix Rwgjv‡K we‡q K‡i gvRv‡ii

†mevq wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| wKš‘ Rwgjv gwR‡ì fÐvwgi inm¨ eyS‡Z cv‡i| †m gwR‡ì Aeva¨ n‡q I‡V| gwR‡ì Mv‡q _y _y gv‡i| ¯^vgx wn‡m‡e gwR`‡K †g‡b †bq bv Ges †m gwR‡ì weiæ‡× AviI cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡V| gwR` ïay e‡j bvdigvbx KwiI bv| K. ÔAvcbvi †Zv ey‡ovi Kv‡Q we‡q nqwbÕ GLv‡b Kvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

†K e‡j‡Q? 1 L. ÔAvgv‡K wewe mv‡ne WvK‡eb bvÕ| Zv‡niv G K_v e‡j‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki gwR` I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ÔewncxiÕ Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨

†`LvI| 3 N. DÏxcKwU‡Z dz‡U IVv fve ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4


6 bv‡Uvi miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 mgv‡R AmvgvwRK Kvh©Kjvc I gv`‡Ki fqven eënvi †`‡L K‡jR co–qv wZb hyeK Avigvb, Ry‡qj I KvRj hyemgvR‡K Gi nvZ †_‡K euvPv‡Z mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bq| wKQz †ÿ‡Î Zviv mdjZv †c‡jI AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB Zv‡ì‡K cÖej evavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| GgbwK kvixwiK wbh©vZbmn AcgvwbZI n‡Z nq| ZeyI Zviv `„p cÖwZÁv hZ evavB AvmyK G Av‡›`vjb Zviv Pvwj‡q hv‡eB| K. Ô†cŠËwjKÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. ÔG‡ì Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡ì ÿgv KiÕ gnvbex †Kb Zv‡ì

ÿgv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (mt)Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb NUbvi

mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ hyeK‡ì Kg©Kv‡Ð gynv¤§` (mt) Pwi‡Îi

gvbexq ¸Yvewji mKj w`K wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q wK? †hŠw³K gZvgZ `vI| 4

2 gwR` wgqv †cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vb Ges Rbìw` †bZv| mgv‡Ri DuPzZjvi gvby‡li †P‡q bxPz‡kÖwYi gvby‡li m‡½ Zvi Pjv‡div †ewk, Zv‡ì myL-`yt‡Li wZwb m½x| Zv‡ì Kuv‡a Kuva wgwj‡q iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi Ges b`©gv cwi®‹v‡ii KvR K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb ÔGivB Avgvi Avmj kw³|Õ K. Ô`yw`©‡bi hvÎxÕ †Kvb ai‡bi MÖš’? 1 L. Avgv‡ì †`‡k Rbkw³ MVb n‡Z cvi‡Q bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi mv`„k¨ wePvi Ki| 3 N. ÔGivB Avgvi Avmj kw³ÕDÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨v‡bi GB Dw³wU

ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 3 GbwRI Kg©x Rwj PvKwii myev‡` †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j †h‡Z

nq| wewfbœ †kÖwY †ckvi gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z nq| GKw`b jÿ¨ Ki‡jb Aÿi Ávbnxb GK bvix Aejxjvq Q‡›`ve× K_v ej‡Qb| ARmÖ Qov Mvb wZwb gy‡L gy‡L K_vq K_vq evwb‡q‡Qb| Rwj wm×všÍ †bb Kv‡Ri duv‡K duv‡K wZwb cwjøi Gme mvwnZ¨ msMÖn I msiÿY Ki‡eb Ges G¸‡jvi wkíx‡ì Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ Avm‡i wb‡q Avm‡eb| K. ÔVvKzigvi SzwjÕ †K iPbv K‡ib? 1 L. ÔGevi wdivI †gv‡iÕ Kwe m¤ªv‡Ui G e³‡eï gg©v_© †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki AÿiÁvbnxb bvixi gva¨‡g ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi

†Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Rwj †hb ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki Kvw•ÿZ

cÖwZwbwaÕgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 ivRb †PŠayix K‡qKwU wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK n‡qI mvaviY

Rxebhvc‡b Af¨ Í| wKQzw`b Av‡M Zuvi eo †g‡qi we‡q‡Z GjvKvi mKj‡K `vIqvZ †`b| wZwb abx-`wi‡`ªi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ K‡ibwb| Zuvi G AvPi‡Y GjvKvi `wi`ª RbMY LyeB Lywk| K. kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq †Kvb MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? 1 L. Ôme e¨vUvivB GLb evgyb Kv‡qZ n‡Z PvqÕ Dw³wU †K Ges

†Kb K‡i‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔAfvMxi ¯M©Õ M‡íi êmv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔAfvMxi Avkv c~Y©Zv cvIqvi Rb¨ ivRb †PŠayixi g‡Zv

gvbyl cÖ‡qvRbÕe³e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4 L AskKweZv

5 myRb wgqv D”Pwkÿv †bIqvi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKv hvb| wKš‘ gb c‡o _v‡K †LvqvB b`xi ZxieZ©x MÖvg MvwRM‡Ä| b`xi `yÕZx‡ii cÖvK…wZK †kvfv I ˆkk‡e ¯§„wZ g‡b Ki‡ZB wZwb Av‡eMZvwoZ n‡q I‡Vb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib evsjv mvwn‡Zï A‡bK Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q b`xi Dcw¯’wZ| K. gaym~`b `Ë KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? 1 L. Ô`y»-†mÖvZiƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg ¯Í‡bÕPiYwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K myRb wgqvi Abyf‚wZ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi

Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxc‡K †h fvewU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv †hb ÔK‡cvZvÿ

b`Õ KweZvi g~jfve Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 6 hLb co‡e bv †gvi cv‡qi wPý GB ev‡U, evBe bv †gvi †Lqv Zix GB Nv‡U, PzK‡q †è †ePv †Kbv, wgwU‡q †è †jbv‡`bv eÜ n‡e Avbv‡Mvbv GB ev‡U; ZLb Avgvq bvBev g‡b ivL‰j|

K. Kx ay‡jv n‡q †M‡Q? 1 L. Ô†mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mva K‡e Avi S‡iÕGLv‡b Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB PiY Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †Kvb

fvewU aviY K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fvebv Dcw¯’Z

Av‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 7 kn‡ii GK DbœZgv‡bi nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmv Pj‡Q Avwe‡ii| NÈvq

NÈvq Wv³vi, bv‡m©i wbwðZ Dcw¯’wZ| ch©vß Ilya-c_v †Kv‡bv wKQzB gv‡qi gb‡K kvšÍ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Avwe‡ii gv_vi cv‡k GK g‡b Zmwe Rc‡Qb gv| Zvi g‡b nvRv‡iv Avkv I AvKv•ÿv DuwK gvi‡Q| K. †Kvb cvwLi WvK AKj¨vYKi? 1 L. Ôm¤§y‡L Zvi †Nvi KzR¡wU gnvKvj ivZ cvZvÕPiYwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Avwe‡ii mv‡_ ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi Amy ’ wkïwUi

Ae¯’vi êmv`„k¨ †`LvI| 3 N. ÔMÖvgxY I kn‡i `yB gvwKš‘ G‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿv GKB

Abyf‚wZ‡Z Muv_vÕg~j¨vqb Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 mRj‡ì MvwfwU‡K †hb welai Kvj bvwMbx bv Kv‡U, †mRb¨ †m

GKUv j¤^v jvwV wb‡q †MvqvjN‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| wKQzÿY ci †m `k nvZ j¤^v mvcwU †g‡i jvwVi gv_vq †cuwP‡qq †ei n‡q Av‡m| G `„k¨ †`‡L MÖv‡gi †jvKRb AevK n‡q hvq| K. kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K? 1 L. ¯‹z‡ji ¯§„wZ eyav g‡b Ki‡Z Pvq bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mRj I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨

wbiƒcY K‡iv| 3 N. mRj m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eyav n‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi

c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 9 gyw³hy‡×i mgq mMx‡ii eqm ev‡iv| ivRvKvi‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cvK

†mbviv wkgywjqv evRv‡i wbwe©Pv‡i ¸wj Pvjvq Ges †`vKvbcv‡U Av¸b jvwM‡q w`‡j wb®úvc mMxi gviv hvq| mMx‡ii gv †Q‡ji g„Z‡`n †`‡L Kvbœvq †f‡O c‡ob| mMx‡ii mgeqmx Av‡e`‡K †`L‡j mMx‡ii gv Avi Kvbœv †P‡c ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| nvDgvD K‡i Kuv`‡Z _v‡K| K. eyav‡K †mvbv evev bvg †K w`‡qwQj? 1 L. `ytL‡K eyav wnsmÖ kKzb fv‡e †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb As‡ki

cÖwZ”Qwe Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m~Pbv wb‡`©k Ki‡jI

cwiYwZi Bw½Z K‡i bv gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 c‡b‡iv eQ‡ii wkDwji we‡q nq cÂvk eQi eqmx abx eëmvqxi

mv‡_| wkDwji gv A‡_©i †jv‡f c‡o eq‡mi welqwU †Mvcb †i‡L we‡q †`q| wKš‘ wkDwji gv-evev we‡qi c‡i Amg we‡qi welqwU Rvb‡jI cÖwZev` K‡i bv| cÖwZev`x nq wkDwj| we‡qi ciw`b †m gv-evev I ¯vgx mevB‡K bv Rvwb‡q ARvbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwo †`q| K. eRiv †Kvb Nv‡U wf‡owQj? 1 L. Zv‡niv †Kb Zvi we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wkDwji evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi

mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki wkDwj‡K Zv‡nivi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa© ejv hvq wK?

gZvgZ `vI| 4 11 we‡qi eqm bv n‡ZB jvebx‡K Zvi evev e„× Kvey‡ji mv‡_ we‡q

†`q| cÖ_g †_‡KB G we‡q‡Z jvebxi gZ wQj bv| evevi mv‡_ bv †c‡i †kl ch©šÍ evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q †m Lvjvi Kv‡Q AvkÖq †bb Ges jveYx‡K Zvi Lvjv wb‡Ri †Q‡ji mv‡_ we‡q †`b| K. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki A¼ KqwU? 1 L. Ô`ywbqvUv KwVb cixÿv †K›`ªÕ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki jvebxi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb NUbvi

mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki jvebxi Lvjv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi

h_v_© cÖwZwbwa|Ó Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4


7 Kzwgjøv gWvb© nvB ¯‹zj evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 mbvb›` Avi wbiƒcgvi †g‡q K…wZ| K…wZ Zvi gv‡qi †Pv‡Li gwb| wKš‘ cyÎnxb m`vb›` Zvi †g‡q‡K Lye GKUv cQ›` K‡i bv| evevi Ggb AvPi‡Y K…wZ g‡b g‡b eÇ `ytL Abyfe K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi me Kó P‡j hvq wbiƒcgvi mxgvnxb fv‡jvevmvq| K…wZi ejv bv-ejv me `yL-`ytL GKgvÎ Zvi gv-B †ev‡Sb| K. myfvi evevi bvg Kx? 1 L. cÖZvc myfvi gh©v`v eySZ †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK I ÔmyfvÕ MíwU wfbœ avivq cÖevwnZÕ Dw³wUi

h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 2 imyjcyi MÖv‡gi Rwgi DwÏb GKRb AwZ mvaviY gvbyl| †`vZviv

nv‡Z MÖv‡g MÖv‡g Mvb †M‡q †eovq| mevB gy» n‡q Zvi Mvb †kv‡b| Gme Mv‡b KZ †cÖg, KZ †mŠ›`h© Avi KZ ZË¡Ávb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Ag~j¨ iZœwe‡kl n‡jI Zv AvR wejywßi c‡_| cwjømvwn‡Zï Gme Dcv`vb msMÖn, msiÿY I m¤úÖmvi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡ì mK‡ji| K. AvRKvj evsjv mvwn‡Zï KZ Avbv kû‡i mvwnZ¨? 1 L. Folklore Society-Gi KvR Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv

n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †kl evK¨wU ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi g~j K_v‡K

cÖZxKvwqZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡QÓ Dw³wUi h_v_©Z¨v wePvi Ki| 4 3 Mvwn mv‡g¨ Mvb gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQy bvB,b‡n wKQy gnxqvb bvB †`k-Kvj cv‡Îi †f`, A‡f` ag©RvwZ me †`‡k me Kv‡j N‡i N‡i wZwb gvby‡li ÁvwZ|

K. ÔivRe›`xi Revbe›`xÕ Kx RvZxq iPbv? 1 L. Ô†`wL‡e BnvivB hyMvšÍi Avwb‡eÕ Kx Dcv‡q, eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡™¢vabÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U

D‡V‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K cÖe‡Üi AvswkK fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q gvÎ gšÍe¨wUi

h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 4 AvRMi Avjx miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| PvKwii e`wji Kvi‡Y Zv‡K bvbv

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eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Avjx I ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi †jL‡Ki evevi

g‡a¨ Kx êmv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq? 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki AvRMi Avjx I ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi †jL‡Ki evevi

g‡a¨ wQj cÖK…wZ I Rxe-Rš‘i cÖwZ AvšÍwiK UvbÓ| Dw³wU m¤ú‡K© wbR¯^ gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4

L AskKweZv 5 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi evs jvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv

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KweÓ we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 iwdK mv‡ne ev‡m K‡i evwo †divi c‡_ evm Uvwg©bv‡j G‡m

†`L‡jb kZ kZ gvbyl †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P Nywg‡q Av‡Q| GZ m¤ú‡ì gvwjK n‡qI wZwb iv‡Z wVKg‡Zv Nygv‡Z cv‡ibwb| K‡e †h kvwšÍ‡Z Nywg‡qwQ‡jb wZwb g‡b Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv|

K. †Kv_vq gvby‡liv wbf©vebvq _v‡K? 1 L. Ò†h_vq †jv‡K Zz”Q wb‡q Zzó _v‡K fvBÓ ej‡Z Kx

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. iwdK mv‡n‡ei Rxeb I gvbwmKZv ÔAvkvÕ KweZvq Kxfv‡e

D‡V G‡m‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki evm Uvwg©bv‡j Nywg‡q _vKv gvbyl¸‡jvB ÔAvkvÕ

KweZvi Kwei Kvw•ÿZ gvbylÕ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 7 wKDevi mv‡eK ivóªcwZ wd‡`j K¨v‡÷ªv e½eÜy m¤ú‡K© e‡jwQ‡jb,

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Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ KweZvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU cvV¨ KweZvi LÐvsk Kx? †Zvgvi g‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³

†`LvI| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 †h eqmUv‡Z wknv‡ei wcZvgvZvi Acvi †mœ‡n KvUv‡bvi K_v †m eq‡m †m wcZ…gvZ…nxb n‡q QbœQvov| wknve I Zvi cwiev‡ii mevB ewikv‡ji bvbvevwo‡Z hvevi mgq jÂ Wzwe‡Z gviv †M‡jI wknve †eu‡P hvq| cwiev‡ii mevB‡K GKB mv‡_ gviv †h‡Z †`‡L †m GLb ¯Íä n‡q †M‡Q; Zvi Pvi cv‡ki RMr GLb Zvi Kv‡Q k~b¨ g‡b nq| K. kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K? 1 L. Ô†h `„wó‡Z fvlv _v‡K bv †m iKg `„wónxb gvbyl‡K Ii

gvbylB g‡b nq bv|Õ †Kvb cÖm‡½ †Kb G K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wknve PwiÎwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi

mv‡_ mv`„‡kï w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ô†h GLb ¯Íä n‡q †M‡Q; Zvi Pvicv‡ki RMr GLb Zvi

Kv‡Q k~b¨ g‡b nq|Õ G Dw³wU eyav PwiÎ‡K; Kxfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? we‡kølY Ki| 4

9 mvevm, evsjv‡`k, G c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q iq; R¡‡j-cy‡o-g‡i QviLvi Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq|

K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛv‡ii bvg Kx? 1 L. ÔAvgiv wZb Rb bB, GKRb|Õ Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ

n‡q‡Q? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ msMÖvgx †PZbv †hb ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ

Dcb¨v‡mi fvemsnZ iƒc G AwfgZ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 eKzj wKQy‡ZB Zvi evevi eqmx ¯^vgx‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB ¯^vgxi cÖwZ kÖ×v fw³i cwie‡Z© †m Zvi ¯^vgxi KvQ †_‡K gyw³i c_ Lyu‡R wb‡Z GK iv‡Z KvD‡K bv Rvwb‡q evwo †_‡K †ei n‡q hvq| †m Rv‡b bv G c_Uv Zvi Rb¨ KZUv gyw³i, Zey †m ARvbv c_‡KB gyw³i c_ g‡b K‡i| K. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cÖ_g msjvcwU Kvi? 1 L. Ôwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_vÕ †Kb G K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eKzj PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎ‡K

cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i we‡kølY Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GKgvÎ w`K bqÓ

hyw³mnKv‡i eywS‡q `vI| 4 11 my‡cb evey Rxe‡bi mwÂZ me UvKv w`‡q GK LÐ Rwg wK‡b| wKš‘

†g‡qi we‡qi mgq I RwgUzKz eÜK iv‡L Nwbô eÜyi wbKU| wba©vwiZ mg‡q UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvivq kZ©vbyhvqx RwgwU Zvi eÜy‡K wj‡L w`‡Z Pvc w`‡”Qb| †Kv‡bv mgq w`‡ZI bvivR| eÜyi AvPi‡Y my‡cb evey fxlYfv‡e gg©vnZ n‡q‡Qb| K. nv‡Zg Avjxi evj¨ eÜyi bvg Kx? 1 L. wejvc Kwiqv Kx nB‡e- K_vwU ewncxi †Kb e‡j‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki my‡cb eveyi ev¯ÍeZv ewncxi bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwUi

mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜyi cÖwZ eÜyi AvPiY DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K

we‡kølY Ki| 4


8 Be‡b ZvBwgqv ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Kzwgjøv evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 ¯^vgx `yB mšÍvb wb‡q iwngvi msmvi| w`bgRyi ¯^vgxi mvgvb¨ Av‡q AwZK‡ó Zvi msmvi P‡j| mšÍvb‡ì fv‡jv †L‡Z-ci‡Z w`‡Z bv cvi‡jI cig ggZvq Zv‡ì AvM‡j iv‡L| `yózwgi Kvi‡Y gv‡S g‡a¨ eKvSKv Ki‡jI AšÍ‡i Zv‡ì AwZ Mfxi ggZv Abyfe K‡i| K. `yM©vi eqm KZ? 1 L. Ônvev GKUv †Kv_vKvi, hw` GKUzKz eyw× _v‡K|Õ `yM©v GK_v

e‡jwQj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki iwngvi msmv‡ii m‡½ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi

me©Rqvi msmv‡ii mv`„k¨MZ w`K Zz‡j ai| 3 N. iwngv me©Rqv Df‡qB cwjøgv‡qi kvk¦Z PwiÎ DÏxcK I

ÔAvg-AvwUi †fucyÕ kxl©K M‡íi Av‡jv‡K G K_vi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4

2 Rbve Rvdi AwfÁ wkÿK| ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv we‡ePbv K‡i wZwb wkÿv`vb K‡ib| wZwb †ev‡Sb wkÿvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ QvÎ‡K Ávbx Kiv bq, eis Zvi g‡a¨ BwZevPK g~j¨‡eva m„wó Kiv| Z‡eB Rxeb my›ì n‡e| ZvB wZwb QvÎ‡ì e‡jb, my›ì Rxeb MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq g~j¨‡eva m„wó nq wkÿvi gva¨‡g| Kv‡RB wkÿv Qvov gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk evavcÖvß nq| K. wkÿvi Avmj KvR †KvbwU? 1 L. Ô†jv‡f cvc, cv‡c g„Zz¨Õ †jLK G K_v e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. Rbve Rvdi wkÿv`vb c×wZ‡Z Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi

e³e¨ Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? 3 N. Ôwkÿvi KvR †Kej Ávb cwi‡ekb bq g~j¨‡eva m„wó|Õ †Zvgvi

cwVZ cÖeÜ I DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 3 †mweKv mvBdv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì A¯’vqx K¨v‡¤ú hy×vnZ‡ì †mev ïkÖƒlv

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ÿgv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU bexb cÖRš§‡K Kxfv‡e DØy× Ki‡e Zv

ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki mvBdvi Kg©KvÐ Ges ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi

†jwLKvi cÖqvm GK I AwfbœÕ Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 GKevi jvjy mvg‡b Qy‡U hv‡”Q, GKevi †cQ‡b, GKevi Wv‡b,

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eywS‡q wjL| 3 N. Ômv`„k¨c~Y© mËvwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi †jL‡Ki evjKwP‡Ë †e`bvi

mÂvi K‡iÕ eywS‡q †jL| 4

L AskKweZv 5 Kwe Avj gvngy‡ì wcÖq b`x wZZvm| G b`x Kwei ˆkke b`x| b`xi

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Òbxie Z…wßi Rb¨ Avbg‡b e‡m †_‡K Nv‡m wbg©j evZvm †U‡b eûÿ‡Y f‡iwQ GK eyK|Ó Kg©Rxe‡b bvbv ¯’v‡b wZwb Ny‡i‡Qb wKš‘ ˆkk‡ei wcÖq I b`x ¯§„wZ‡Z

RvMiƒK| K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë wLªóa‡g© `xwÿZ nb KZ mv‡j? 1 L. Ô`y»-†mÖv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯Í‡b|Ó G K_v wb‡q Kwe Kx

†evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU Abycw¯’Z?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒKwe Avj gvngy‡ì Abyf‚wZ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi lU‡Ki

fv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó we‡kølY Ki| 4

6 Bnvi P‡q n‡Zg hw` Avie †e`yBb PiY-Z‡j wekvj giæ QyU‡Q †Nvov, Do‡Q evwj, Rxb †mÖv‡Z AvKvk Xvwj n„`q Z‡j ewý R¡vwj Pj‡Q wbwkw`b

K. bycyi cv‡q Kv‡K †`Lv hvq? 1 L. Ômy›`‡ii Z…òv hviÕ SY©v Zvi Kv‡Q Kx Avkv K‡i? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖKvwkZ †e`yB‡bi Kg©‡ÿÎ ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi

†Kvb w`KwUi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K Kwe m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi Abyf‚wZi cÖwZdjb

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K‡i bv|Ó Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

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K. Muv‡qi †jv‡Kiv eyavi bvg Kx †i‡L‡Q? 1 L. ÔGLb Ii Avi †Kv‡bv fvebv †bB| gi‡YI fq †bB|Õ eyavi

Giƒc Abyf‚wZi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯îƒc ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m

KZUv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 4 9 1971 mv‡j 25 gvP©, wbixn evOvwji Dci nVvr AvµgY K‡i e‡m

cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kÎæiv| Avgv‡ì gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Kv‡Q ch©vß cwigvY A¯¿ I mvgwiK cÖwkÿY bv _vKvq cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡ì mv‡_ m¤§yLhy× Kiv n‡Zv bv| ZvB Av‡cvlnxb gyw³‡hv×viv †Mwijv AvµgY ïiæ K‡ib| K. ev¼v‡ii Z`viwK KiwQj †K? 1 L. †h gvby‡li `„wó‡Z fvlv †bB, eyavi g‡Z †m gvbyl †Kb gvbyl bq? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y© GKgvÎ w`K bq hyw³mn eywS‡q wjL| 4

N AskbvUK 10 gaycyi MÖv‡gi nZ`wi`ª K…l‡Ki †g‡q wbcyb| UvKvi †jv‡f Zvi Mwie

evev GK eq¯‹ abx cv‡Îi mv‡_ we‡q †`q| G we‡q‡Z wbcy‡bi gZ wQj bv| wKš‘ Zvi evevi weiæ‡× †m cÖwZevÌ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| K. ÔewncxiÕ bvUK KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 1 L. Zv‡niv‡K bvix RvMi‡Yi cÖZxKx PwiÎ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wbcy‡bi Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h

Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mvgwMÖK w`K cÖKvk

K‡i bvÓ we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 beKzgvi‡K e‡b †d‡jB Zvi mnhvÎxiv P‡j †Mj| beKzgvi Nyi‡Z

Nyi‡Z GK Kvcvwj‡Ki mÜvb †cj| KvcvwjK Zv‡K AvkÖq w`j wKš‘ g‡b `yiwfmwÜ wQj| KvcvwjK‡ì c~Rvi Rb¨ bi-ewj w`‡Z nq| beKzgvi‡K ewj †`qvi c~e© gyn~‡Z© Kvcvwj‡Ki cvwjZ Kb¨v KcvjKzÐjv beKzgvi‡K wb‡q cvwj‡q †Mj| K. eRiv †Kvb Nv‡U †_‡gwQj? 1 L. Avwg †hb †Kvievbxi eKwi †K, †Kb G K_v e‡j‡Qb? 2 M. KcvjKzÐjv I nv‡k‡gi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ wbY©q Ki| 3 N. cÖgvY Ki †h, Kvcvwj GK w`K †_‡K ewncx‡ii cÖwZwbwa? 4


9 wmjfvi †ejm Mvj©m nvB ¯‹zj, PÆMÖvg evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

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mv`„k¨ wePvi Ki| 3 N. ÔêlwqK eyw× Avgv‡ì wkÿv‡ÿÎ‡K G‡Kev‡i mxgve× K‡i

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wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi mvgwMÖK fv‡ei cÖwZwbwaZ¡

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Zzjbxq Ges Kxfv‡e, cÖgvY Ki| 3 N. ytmvnmx n‡jI knx` †hv×v ZiæY b~i †nv‡mb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v eyavi

gZ †KŠkjx bq| Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 9 bvbv eq‡mi, a‡g©i, g‡Zi †Z‡iv Rb gvbyl| Av‡M Kv‡iv m‡½ Kv‡iv

Avjvc cwiPq wQj bv| †KD QvÎ, †KD w`bgRyi wKsev ga¨weË †Kivwb, cÙv cv‡ii †R‡j| GLb mevB ˆmwbK| †hUv eywS †mUv †mvRv K_vq Avgv‡ì gvwU †_‡K Zvov‡Z n‡e I‡ì|

[msM„nxZ : GKRb gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †ivR-bvg&&Pv †_‡K] K. `ytL‡K eyav Kx fv‡e? 1 L. ÔwKš‘ Avgiv wZbRb bB, GKRbÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcKwU †Kvb w`K †_‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †kl evK¨wU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AšÍM©Z g~j

†PZbv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 wb‡Pi wPÎwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : DrKlÆ

cÉviwÁ¿K NUbvcÉevn MÉw¯©GgvPb mgvwµ¦

K. †Kvb FZzi mKv‡j ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki m~Pbv? 1 L. Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ GLb nvwmj n‡q‡Q| e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki QK Abyhvqx ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU we‡kølY Ki| 3 N. ÔewncxiÕ GKwU mv_©K bvUK DÏxc‡Ki Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K

Dw³wU cÖgvY Ki| 4 11 ag© eëmvqx Avwgi kvn ûRyi cÖ_g ¯¿xi mšÍvb bv nIqvi evnvbvq

†cÖŠp eq‡m we‡q K‡i wK‡kvix Av`ywi‡K| PÂj cÖvYešÍ Av`ywi Avwgi kvn Gi euvav aiv wbqg †g‡b Pj‡Z Pvq bv| Avi †m Kvi‡Y Avwgi kvn Zv‡K N‡ii LyuwUi mv‡_ †eu‡a †eÎvNvZ ch©šÍ K‡i| K. †hŠ_ wkí bvU‡Ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx? 1 L. Ae‡k‡l Zv‡niv cx‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z wR` aij †Kb? 2 M. Avwgi kvn I ewncx‡ii wØZxq we‡q Kivi D‡Ïk¨ I

cwiw¯’wZi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. Av`ywii Kx Kx ¸Y _vK‡j †m Zv‡nivi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z

cviZ? hyw³mn Dc ’vcb Ki| 4


10 ev›ìevb miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 evi eQ‡ii wK‡kvix iv‡njv M„nKgx© wn‡m‡e †PŠayix evwo‡Z wZb eQi a‡i KvR Ki‡Q| †m †fvi †_‡K ivZ ch©šÍ evmvi KvR K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡K wVKg‡Zv †L‡Z †`q bv| evwoi mevB Zvi mv‡_ `ye©ënvi K‡i Ges gviai K‡i| M„nKg©x LybwZi Qu¨vKv w`‡q Zvi kixi ÿZ-weÿZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| K. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Avmj bvg Kx? 1 L. ÒKv‡iv Kv‡Q hv cvB bv, Zzwg Zv †`‡e †Kb?Ó K_vwU

ggZvw` †Kb e‡jwQ‡jb? 2 M. DÏxcK Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi êmv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU eY©bv Ki| 3 N. M„nKgx©‡ì cÖwZ Avgv‡ì `„wófw½ †Kgb nIqv DwPZ?

DÏxcK I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 ivLv‡ji iæM&Y kixi| †m Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei evmvq KvR K‡i| ivLvj

memgqB Zvi civgk© wb‡q Lvev‡ii Av‡qvRb K‡i| Kvgvj mv‡ne cwiwgZ Lvevi Lvb| ILv‡b Lvevi wb‡q †Kv‡bv evovevwo †bB| K. Ôni‡db-†gŠjvÕ A_© Kx? 1 L. ÒAí †kv‡K KvZi, AwaK †kv‡K cv_i|Ó Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcK I ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi êmv`„k¨c~Y© †h w`K dz‡U

D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡ne wK ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi †jL‡Ki

cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?Ó we‡kølY Ki| 4 3 `wÿY Avwd«Kvi wek¦bw›`Z †bZv †bjmb †g‡Ûjv eY©ev` we‡ivax

Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb `xN© mgq Kvive›`x wQ‡jb| gvby‡li Mv‡qi is mv`v I Kv‡jv n‡jI mevi i³ jvj G Dcjwä gvby‡l-gvby‡l êlg¨, wbcxob I Agh©v`vi Aemvb NUv‡Z hy‡M-hy‡M gvbyl‡K DØy× K‡i‡Q| †bjmb †g‡Ûjv `wÿY Avwd«Kvi †h bZzb hy‡Mi m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv wPi¯§iYxq| K. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ †Kvb cÖeÜ MÖ‡š’i iPbv? 1 L. Ô†evab evuwkÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi AvswkK w`K

cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|Ó e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †bjmb †g‡Ûjv ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi

Kvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? 4 4 Avgv‡ì gva¨wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z MÖš’vMvi i‡q‡Q| GQvovI

†mKv‡qc cÖK‡íi AvIZvq ÔcvVvf¨vm Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÕ Pvjy i‡q‡Q| G‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì eBcovi my‡hvM e„w× †c‡q‡Q| cÖwZôvb cÖavb I AwffveKMY m‡PZb n‡j wkÿv_©x‡ì eBcovq AviI †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx Kiv hv‡e| K. cÖg_ †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx? 1 L. †jLK jvB‡eªwi‡K nvmcvZv‡ji Dc‡i ¯’vb w`‡q‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †hw`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K I ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g~jfve cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q wK?

†Zvgvi DË‡ii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

L AskKweZv 5 A‡bK AwffveKB Zv‡ì mšÍvb‡ì gvZ…fvlv evsjv PP©vi Av‡M

Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‹z‡j cov‡Z e¨¯Í n‡q I‡Vb| Avgv‡ì Awdm-Av`vj‡Z GLbI evsjv fvlvi cÖPjb cy‡ivcywi nqwb| iv¯Ívq †h weÁvcb †`wL Zvi AwaKvskB Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv| KLbI KLbI cÖPvi gva¨‡gI †`Lv hvq evsjv fvlvi D”PviY weK…wZ| Avgiv A‡b‡KB wfbœ fvlvi Mv‡b g‡R hvB| A_P G fvlvi gh©v`v iÿvi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K cÖvY w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| K. Kviv wn› yi Aÿi‡K wnsmv K‡i? 1 L. Ô†`kx fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZÕ K_vwU Øviv Kx eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. ÔDÏxc‡K Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi cÖZ¨vkv aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q|Õ

Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcK I Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g~j myi Awfbœ|Ó Dw³wUi

h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 6 ev`kv evei Kvuw`qv wd‡i‡Q, wb` bvwn Zvui †Pv‡L cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS evu‡P bv Gevi Avi! Pvwiav‡i Zvi Nbv‡q Avwm‡Q giYAÜKvi!

K. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. DËi w`‡Z ytwLbx gv‡qi R¡vjv wØ¸Y †e‡o hvq †Kb? eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwUi eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxc‡K cwjøRbbxi AvKzwZ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e dz‡U I‡Vwb|Õ

Dw³wUi †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j ai| 4 7 c„w_exi GKcÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ R¡jšÍ †NvlYvi aŸwb-cÖwZaŸwb Zz‡j, bZzb wbkvbv Dwo‡q, `vgvgv evwR‡q w`wM¦w`K GB evsjvq †Zvgv‡K Avm‡ZB n‡e, †n ¯^vaxbZv|

K. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z? 1 L. evOvwj‡K ÔAwbevh© RvwZÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. ÒDÏxc‡K Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi GKwU w`K dz‡U

D‡V‡Q|ÓDw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcK Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi †PZbv aviY K‡i‡Q|Ó

Dw³wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 iv‡k` mßg †kÖwYi QvÎ| †m GKvË‡ii gnvb gyw³hy‡×i mgq

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Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4 9 nvwg` XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ| e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY Zv‡K

gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Y †cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Q| wZwb fvi‡Z cÖwkÿY wb‡q gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwb cvK evwnbxi weiæ‡× A‡bK Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| K. eyav nvwee fvB‡qi Kv‡Q Kx Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQj? 1 L. ÔwKš‘ Avgiv wZbRb bB, GKRbÕ K_vwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki nvwg` ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi e¨vcKZv cÖwZdwjZ

nqwb|Ó Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 ¯‹zj QvÎx Zvmwdqv eve-gv‡qi Ici ivM K‡i evwo †_‡K P‡j hvq|

wb‡LuvR nIqvi c‡ii w`b Zvi g„Z‡`n cvIqv hvq c‡Z½v mgy`ª ˆmK‡Z| cywjk Zvi g„Zzï KviY Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡Q Ges wRÁvmvev‡ì Rb¨ m‡›`nfvRb K‡qKRb‡K AvUK K‡i‡Q| K. ewncx‡ii evwo †Kv_vq? 1 L. nwKKzjøvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡qI wd‡i G‡mwQj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki êmv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g~jfve cÖwZdwjZ nqwb|Ó

Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 ingvb GKRb wkícwZ| wZwb e¨vsK †_‡K wÎk †KvwU UvKv FY

wb‡q Avi cwi‡kva K‡ib wb| ZvB Zvi weiæ‡× gvgjv Pj‡Q| Gw`‡K Zvi eëmvi Ae¯’vI fv‡jv bq| gvgjvq †n‡i †M‡j wZwb †h Avw_©K `v‡q co‡eb Zv‡Z wZwb wbt¯^ n‡q hv‡eb| G `ywðšÍvq wZwb Amy ’ n‡q c‡o‡Qb| K. Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji evjëÜyi bvg Kx? 1 L. ewncxi‡K ÔewncxiÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔingvbÕ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mvgwMÖK wPÎ‡K aviY K‡iwb|

Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4


11 evsjv‡`k †bŠevwnbx ¯‹zj I K‡jR, PÆMÖvg evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 nvmgZ I †di‡`Šm GKmv‡Z wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov †kl K‡i D”P c‡` PvKwi †bq| nvmgZ K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B cÖPzi m¤ú‡ì gvwjK n‡q hvq| wKš‘ †di‡`Šm m”Qj Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡jI A_©-we‡Ëi †cQ‡b †Qv‡U bv; eis Zvi mÂq †_‡K MÖv‡g `wi ª-Amnvq gvby‡li Rb¨ KzwUiwkí ˆZwii ms¯’v M‡o †Zv‡jb| K. †ewki fvM †jvK wZwg‡i i‡q hv‡e †Kb? 1 L. wkÿv‡K gB ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki nvmg‡Zi Pwi‡Î Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb

w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 3 N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki †di‡`Š‡mi Kv‡R cÖe‡Üi wkÿYxq w`KwUi

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K. †QvU‡jv‡Ki AšÍi †Kgb? 1 L. ÔWvKvi g‡Zv WvKÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxcK 1 G ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb fvewU

`„k¨gvb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK 2 G cÖe‡Üi g~j myi‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q Dw³wU

we‡kølY Ki| 4 3 XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fwZ© n‡q MÖvg †_‡K gvgvi evwo‡Z G‡m DVj

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mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©- †`LvI| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki gvwg Ave`yi ingv‡bi m¤ú~Y© cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i bv

Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 wcÖqvi †jLvcovi w`‡K evev-gv‡qi fxlY bRi| `ycy‡i ¯‹zj †_‡K

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dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 3 N. ÒRvwKqv †jL‡Ki KvwÿZ iƒcvqYÓ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

L AskKweZv 5 DÏxcK-1 : Òg‡b c‡o †mB mycywi Mv‡Qi mvwi Zvi cv‡k g„ y †R¨vrmœv gvLv‡bv MÖvg gvwUi †`qv‡j Mv_v Avgv‡ì evwo †QvU †QvU my‡L wmœ» gb¯‹vg|Ó DÏxcK-2 : ÒAvwg wPiZ‡i `~‡i P‡j hve Zey Avgv‡i †è bv fzwj‡Z|Ó

K. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi AšÍ¨wgj wjL| 1 L. †Kv‡bv b`xi Rj Kwei Z…òv †gUv‡Z cv‡i bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcK 1 G ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 3 N. DÏxcK 2 Gi AvKzwZ KweZvwUi gg©K_v- we‡kølY Ki| 4

6 wiKmvPvjK myjZvb I wbg©vY kÖwgK ivRv wgqv GKB ew¯Íi evwm›`v| Zviv eû K‡ó msmvi Pvjvq| GKw`b ivRv wgqv KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q DuPz feb †_‡K c‡o gviv †Mj| fe‡bi gvwjK ivRvi cwievi‡K mvnvh¨ †`qv Z `~‡ii K_v, ivRvi cwiRb‡ì Zvwo‡q w`j| myjZvb ivRvi GwZg Amnvq †Q‡jwUi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z GwM‡q Gj| †Q‡jwU‡K wb‡Ri N‡i G‡b wb‡Ri mšÍv‡bi mv‡_ eo Ki‡Z jvMj|Ó

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Zz‡j‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K feb gvwjK ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi Kwei Kvw•ÿZ Rxe‡bi

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cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i wK? †Zvgvi g‡Zi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

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cÖwZiƒc- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki kIKZ I Dcb¨v‡mi gwZDi wecixZ PwiÎ-

we‡kølY Ki| 4 9 DÏxcK-1 : Ò†auvqv DV‡Q †cvov Ni †_‡K-†cvov ¯cœ †_‡K, †auvqv DV‡Q gv‡qi jvk †_‡K ey‡Ki ÿZ †_‡K|Ó DÏxcK-2 : ÒAvgiv civRq gvbe bv, fxiæi g‡Zv N‡ii †Kv‡Y

iBe bv, Avgiv AvKvk n‡Z eRª n‡q Si‡Z Rvwb|Ó

K. dRy wgqv‡K gwZDi †Kb eKv w`‡qwQj? 1 L. MÖv‡gi †jvK eyav‡K ÔcvMj n‡q †M‡QÕ e‡j †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcK 1 G ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U

D‡V‡Q? 3 N. ÒDÏxcK 2 G eyavi †PZbviB cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÓ Dw³wU

we‡kølY Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 gwiqg‡K mv‡c KvU‡j evev Zv‡K ISvi Kv‡Q wb‡q †Mj| ISv gwiq‡gi gv_vi Kv‡Q Av¸b R¡vwj‡q gš¿ cov ïiæ Kij| MÖv‡gi K‡jR co–qv †Q‡j iwdK Gme †`‡L cÖwZev` K‡i e‡j, gwiqg‡K ¯^v¯’ ‡K‡›`ª wb‡q †h‡Z| G‡Z ISv †i‡M iwdK‡K Awfkvc †`q| wKš‘ iwdK †Kv‡bv wKQyi c‡ivqv bv K‡i gwiqg‡K f¨v‡b Pwo‡q ¯^v¯’ ‡K‡›`ª wb‡q hvq Ges gwiqg cÖv‡Y †eu‡P hvq| K. nv‡kg Zv‡nivi we‡q‡K Rv‡qR bq e‡j‡Q †Kb? 1 L. nv‡Z‡gi wm×všÍ‡K ewncxi ÒAvkvZxZÓ e‡j‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ISv ÒewncxiÓ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZiƒc

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki iwdK nv‡k‡gi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa we‡kølY Ki| 4

11 gaycyi MÖv‡g †Kv‡bv D”P we`¨vjq bv _vKvq `yBMÖvg c‡i wM‡q K‡qKRb †g‡q cov‡kvbv ïiæ K‡i| LeiUv MÖv‡gi gvZe‡ii Kv‡b †M‡j wZwb MÖvgevmx‡ì †W‡K †NvlYv †`b, †g‡q‡ì cov‡kvbvi ìKvi †bB; eis †g‡q‡ì ZvovZvwo we‡q †`qvi wb‡`©k †`b| gvZe‡ii eD ¯^cœv gvZe‡ii wm×v‡šÍi we‡ivwaZv K‡i †g‡q‡ì †jLvcovq Drmvn †`b Ges c‡ii eQi wb‡Ri †g‡q‡KI ¯‹z‡j cvVvb| K. Zv‡niv‡K †Lv‡`Rv Ômvevm †g‡qÕ e‡j‡Q †Kb? 1 L. ÒwKw¯ÍgvZ Kiv PvjÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K gvZe‡ii AvPi‡Y ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU

dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ¯cœ bvU¨Kv‡ii gvbmKb¨v we‡kølY Ki| 4


12 Avj-Avwgb Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv D”P we`¨vjq, wm‡jU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 10bs wec` ms‡KZ D‡cÿv K‡i nvivb gvwS mgy‡`ª Bwjk ai‡Q| Uªjvi wb‡q †m Mfxi mgy‡`ªi w`‡K hZ GwM‡q hv‡”Q ZZ †ewk gvQ Zvi Rv‡j aiv co‡Q| wKš‘ nvq nVvr GK cÖPÐ †XD‡q Uªjvimn nvivb gvwS Mfxi mgy‡`ª Zwj‡q †Mj| K. gyw³i Rb¨ KqwU Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e? 1 L. wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU †kÖô †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki nvivb gvwSi Rb¨ Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb

wkÿYxq w`KwU MÖnYxq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki nvivb gvwS n‡jv Av‡jv nvIqvi ¯v` ewÂZ

gvbylÓ Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 1g : Av‡gwiKvb‡ì †Pv‡L cvix n‡”Q BD‡iv‡ci ivRavbx| cvixi Avmj

†mŠ›`h© Zvi cÖk Í mij ivRc_¸‡jv| cvixi hviv Avmj Awaevmx Zviv Lye LvU‡Z cv‡i| Avnvi m¤‡Ü G‡ì †gvMjvB iæwP|

2q : GwK Aciƒc iƒ‡c gv †Zvgvi †nwiYy cwjø Rbbx| dz‡j I dm‡j Kv`v gvwU R‡j, Sjgj K‡i jveYx †nwiYy cwjø Rbbx|

K. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx KZ mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib| 1 L. wiwjc g¨v‡ci †Pnviv ej‡Z †jLK wK eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq As‡k ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Avãyi ingv‡bi

†PZbvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g As‡k ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi †jL‡Ki AvdMvwb¯Ívb

åg‡Yi AvswkK cÖwZ”Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 3 mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡VB wbZz e¨¯Í n‡q c‡o ÔêkvLxÕ Abyôv‡b hvIqvi

Rb¨| eQ‡ii GB w`bwU mevi Kv‡Q wcÖq| GwUB GKgvÎ Abyôvb †hLv‡b mKj a‡g©i mevB wg‡j mgvbfv‡e Avb›` Dc‡fvM K‡i| GLv‡b †m Dcjwä K‡i evsjvi gymwjg, wn›`y, †eŠ× Avgiv mevB evOvwj| K. †K evsjv beel©‡K G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi ÔbI‡ivRÕ e‡j D‡jøL

K‡i‡Qb? 1 L. evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki w`KwU Qvov Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Ü Av‡jvwPZ

Ab¨vb¨ w`K¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 euvab weaev gv‡qi GKgvÎ mšÍvb| †m fxlY Wvbwc‡V| mvivÿY †Uv †Uv K‡i

Ny‡i †eov‡bvB Zvi cÖavb KvR| Zv‡K †`Lv hvq KL‡bv b`xi Zx‡i, KL‡bv e‡b euv`v‡i Kvi evMv‡b Avbvim †c‡K‡Q, Kjv njy` is aviY K‡i‡Q, †Kvb Mv‡Qi Avg †L‡Z fvix wgwó| Zvi weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì Awf‡hvM †Kv‡bv bZzb welq bq| mewKQy wgwj‡q Zvi gv mvivÿY DwØMœ _v‡Kb| K. `yM©vi eqm KZ? 1 L. Ònvev GKUv †Kv_vKvi, hw` GZUzKz eyw× _v‡KÓ `yM©v GK_v

e‡jwQj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki euva‡bi mv‡_ ÔAvg AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c~Y©

PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔAvg AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi AvswkK fve cÖKvk

K‡i‡Q, mgMÖ fvewU AviI e¨vcKÓ hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

L Askc`¨ 5 evsjvi b`x wK †kvfvkvwjbx wK gayi Zvi Kzj Kzj aŸwb `yÕav‡i Zvi weUcxi †kÖwY †nwi‡j Ryovq wnqv|

K. PZz`©kc`x KweZvi cÖ_g AvU Pi‡Yi ¯ÍeK‡K Kx e‡j? 1 L. RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. K‡cvZvÿ b` KweZvi g~j fv‡ei mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki g~j fv‡ei

mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. K‡cvZvÿ b` KweZvi cwiYwZi w`KwU DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z

we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 ey‡SwQ †mw`b gvbyl Ggwb `xb, G gvwUi Kv‡Q Av‡Q Avgv‡ì Ggwb

A‡kl FY| Abvw`Kv‡ji eÜb Avi eÂbv GK g‡b wPi Rxe‡bi k„•Lj mg Rov‡bv gvbe g‡b|

K. Kwe Kvi ivbœv N‡ii Lei iv‡Lb? 1 L. †`‡ki cÖwZ ÔAvwg †Kvb AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi Kwei †Kgb

fv‡jvevmvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq? 2 M. DÏxcK I ÔAvwg †Kvb AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi fvebvi mv`„k¨

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`‡ki gvwUi m‡½ gvby‡li Mfxi m¤úK© DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨

KweZvi g~j welq Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 7 mf¨Zv M‡owQ Avwg / kÖ‡g Avi Nv‡g mf¨Zvi cuvR‡i Avwg / ey‡bwQ Avgvi bv‡g| †n c„w_ex †kvb& / cvwbi `v‡g †e‡PwQ Avwg kix‡ii me b~b| / Avwg †mB nZfvM¨ kÖwgK Avwg PvB, c„w_ex Avgvi Nv‡gi g~j¨ w`K ......|

K. c„w_exUv‡K ivbv‡ii Kv‡jv †auvqv g‡b nq †Kb? 1 L. ivwÎi c‡_ c‡_ P‡j †Kv‡bv wb‡la Rv‡b bv gvbvi PiYwU

eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wbt¯^ KvZ‡ii mv‡_ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii

mv`„k¨ Kx‡m e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †kl PiY ÔivbviÕ KweZvi we‡kl GKwU w`K‡K

cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wb‡R‡ì Ni-evwo cyo‡Z †`Lj| g‡bi †fZi R¡‡j DVj cÖwZ‡kv‡ai Av¸b| wKš‘ eqm gvÎ 11 eQi| K¨v¤ú KgvÛv‡ii Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I 11 eQ‡ii evjK exif‚g †_‡K 28 w`‡bi †Uªwbs †k‡l gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`b| wZwb Avgv‡ì Me© evsjv‡`‡ki me©Kwbô gyw³‡hv×v| bvg †gvt wmwÏKzi ingvb| evwo h‡kvi †Rjvi MuvINiv MÖv‡g| K. eyav Kvi evwo‡Z e‡m mvZB gv‡P©i fvlY ï‡bwQj? 1 L. Avwj †Kb e‡jwQj Ò†Zv‡K †`‡LB eyS‡Z cviwQ †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡e|Ó 2 M. KvKZvo–qv Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi hy‡×i mv‡_ †gvt wmwÏKzi

ingv‡bi hy‡×i Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. Ò†`‡ki cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv _vK‡j †`k †mevq eqm †Kv‡bv evav

bqÓ gšÍe¨wU DÏxcK I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K hvPvB Ki| 4

9 Kx‡mi Kx nBj, cwðg n‡Z bi Lv`‡Kiv Avwm mviv MuvI fwi Av¸b R¡vjv‡q nvwmj AÆnvwm| gvi †Kvj n‡Z wkï‡i Kvwo‡q KvwUj †h Lvb Lvb wcZvi mvg‡b †g‡q‡i KvwU‡q Kwij i³mœvb|

K. eyav‡K ÔgvwbK iZbÕ e‡j WvKZ †K? 1 L. eyav‡K Kv‡R †bIqvq gwZDi dRy wgqv‡K eKvewK Kij †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨ †`LvI| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖ Ask cÖKvk K‡i bv

cÖgvY Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 gv †Ku‡` Kq gÄyix †gvi IB †Zv KwP †g‡q IiB m‡½ we‡q †`‡e? eq‡m Ii †P‡q cuvP¸Y †m e‡ov| Zv‡K †`‡L evQv Avgvi f‡q R‡ovm‡ov| Ggb we‡q NU‡Z †è bv‡Kv|

K. nv‡kg Avwj wK‡mi eëmv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj? 1 L. Zv‡niv ewncxi‡K we‡q Ki‡Z ivwR nqwb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔgvÕ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvi gvbwmKZvi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki g~jfve cÖwZôvB ˆmq` IqvwjDjøvni g~j jÿ bq

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 D”PwkwÿZ kvqjv we‡qi ci wkÿKZv †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nq| G‡Z Zvi

¯^vgx mvgvb¨ Abxnv cÖKvk K‡ib| nVvr moK `yN©Ubvi kvqjvi ¯^vgx c½y n‡q co‡j kvqjv‡KB msmv‡ii nvj ai‡Z nq| Gevi kvqjvi ¯^vgx Dcjwä K‡ib, myLx I my›ì mgvR MV‡b bvixi ¯^wbf©iZv Avek¨K| K. bvU‡Ki cÖvY †KvbwU? 1 L. ÒGgb †g‡q Kv‡iv †c‡U Rš§vq RvbZvg bvÓ G K_vwU

eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki kvqjv Avi ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ÔZv‡nivÕ Pwi‡Îi

êmv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Òkvqjvi †PZbv cÖMwZkxj, wKš‘ Zv‡nivi RxebhvÎv wQj

AwbwðZÓ K_vwUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4


13 †MvjvcMÄ Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv D”P we`¨vjq, wm‡jU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 Avgv‡ì cÖPwjZ wkÿveë¯’vq cuvRv cuvRv cvV¨cy¯ÍK GKwU †KvgjgwZ wkï‡K †Rvi K‡i †Mjv‡bv n‡j †m Zvi wbR¯ mgm¨v mgvavb †Zv bqB eis wb‡RB GKwU mgm¨v n‡q RvwZi Kuv‡a †P‡c em‡e| myZivs wkï‡ì h_v_© wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡j Avb‡›ì mv‡_ wkÿv cÖ‡qvRb, Zvi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨PP©v Avek¨K| Avi Gi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡j jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv cÖ‡qvRb| K. wK‡mi Rb¨ Avgiv mK‡j DØvû? 1 L. †h RvwZ hZ wbivb›` †m RvwZ ZZ wbR©xe| e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i? eywS‡q

†jL| 3 N. mgvR‡K GKwU my›ì RvwZ Dcnvi w`‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb

jvB‡eªwii Dw³wU DÏxcK I ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4

2 A‡b‡KB †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM© Øviv hw` wbh©vwZZ ev DcnwmZ nb Zvn‡j cÖwZ‡kvacivqY n‡q I‡Vb| Avi hw` cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi mvg_©¨ bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Awfm¤úvZ K‡ib| A‡bK mgq wbh©vwZZ e¨w³ cÖwZ‡kvacivqYZvi e‡k gvÎvwZwi³ Ab¨vq K‡i †d‡jb| Gfv‡e mgv‡R nZ¨v, hy×, nvbvnvwbi m~Pbv K‡i| K. Avnhv‡ei hy×-Gi Aci bvg Kx? 1 L. Avwg ivRv bB, mgªvU bB, gvby‡li cÖfz bB Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mvaviY gvby‡li êwk‡óï mv‡_ Zv‡qdevmx‡ì

cÖwZ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi AvPi‡Yi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki| 3 N. Zv‡qdevmxi cÖwZ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi PvwiwÎK gnË¡

AR©‡b Kx f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4 3 Zzwj Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z GK mgeqmx Kv‡Ri †g‡q

_v‡K| Zzwj Zvi mv‡_ †Lj‡Z Mí Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Zzwji gv I‡ì GK mv‡_ †`L‡jB eKv †`q| Zzwj Ii gv‡qi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Kv‡Ri †g‡qwUi mv‡_ cyZzj †L‡j, wUwf †`‡L| †g‡qwU Zzwji mv‡_ wgk‡Z fq cvq| K. ggZvwì gvB‡b KZ UvKv wVK n‡jv? 1 L. Kv‡iv Kv‡Q hv cvB bv, Zzwg Zv †`‡e †Kb GK_v ejvi KviY Kx? 2 M. Zzwji mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi wK‡kv‡ii Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. Zzwji gv‡qi gvbwmKZv KLbB Kvg¨ bq Dw³wU ÔggZvw`Õ

Mí I DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K hvPvB Ki| 4 4 AvR c‡njv êkvL| mviv kniRy‡o Pj‡Q Avb›` i¨vwj| kn‡ii

†QvU-eo, bvix-cyiæl mevB iwOb †cvkv‡K mw¾Z n‡q i¨vwj‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Mwie K…lK MwY wgqvi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Rv‡bB bv GZ Avb›` wK‡mi| Iiv Rvb‡Z PvB‡j MwY wgqv e‡j, GUv c‡njv êkv‡Li Abyôvb| K. HwZnvwmK Aveyj dRj beel©‡K Kx e‡j‡Qb? 1 L. XvKvi beel© D`hvcb‡K †jLK ey‡R©vqv wejvm e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Avb›` i¨vwj Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU‡K

wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K Kexi †PŠayixi AvKv•ÿvi c~Y© cÖwZdjb N‡Uwb

gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

L AskKweZv 5 mvZ eQi Av‡M we‡q nIqv iv‡njv wbR MÖvg, evwoNi Avi AvcbRb‡ì

†Q‡o k¦ïievwo G‡m‡Q| Zv‡ì evwoi cv‡kB wQj GKwU wekvj cyKzi| †mB cyKz‡i †m muvZvi KvUZ, †LjZ, gvQ aiZ| k¦ïievwo‡Z cyKzi _vK‡jI †m Aev‡a muvZvi KvU‡Z cv‡i bv, †Lj‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB iv‡njv hZw`b k¦ïievwo‡Z _v‡K, memgq c‡_i w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Zvi Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q WvOvq †Zvjv gv‡Qi g‡Zv| K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë wLªóa‡g© `xwÿZ nb KZ mv‡j? 1 L. `y»-†mÖv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯Í‡b GK_v w`‡q Kwe Kx

†evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K iv‡njvi MÖv‡gi cÖwZ Uvb Avi Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym~`b

`‡Ëi K‡cvZv‡ÿi cÖwZ Uvb KZUv mv`„k¨c~Y©? 3 N. Zvi Ae¯’v †hb WvOvq †Zvjv gv‡Qi g‡Zv Dw³wU †hb

DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv Ges Kwe gvB‡K‡ji gvbwmK Ae¯’v‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q G K_vi mZ¨Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4

6 c„w_exi mgy`q wbR cwiRb, m‡šÍv‡li wmsnvm‡b evm K‡i gb\ AvZ¥vi mwnZ me mgZzj¨ Mv‡b, gvZv wcZv ÁvwZ fvB †f` bvwn g‡b\

K. AvRvwi k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. ÔH gw›ì cyRvixi, nvq †èZv, †Zvgvi bqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K cÖKvk K‡i bvÓ

gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 7 gyw³hy‡× ¯^vgx-mšÍvb‡K nvwi‡q AvR Amnvq Rxebhvcb K‡ib

iæwebv| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb b`x‡Z, ebf‚wg‡Z AmsL¨ jvk| gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi †Luv‡R cvwo w`‡q‡Q `xN©c_| GKgvÎ mšÍvb Rxeb w`‡q Zv‡K Dcnvi w`‡q‡Q ¯^vaxb gvbwPÎ| ZvB †Zv gv‡qi †Pv‡L AvU‡K _v‡K jvj-meyR cZvKvq mšÍv‡bi i³v³ gyL”Qwe| K. Kvi wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj? 1 L. Kwe Aciv‡nèi Av‡jvi wSwjK‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe ‘i mv‡_ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n

¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ wbiƒcY Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU cwVZ KweZvi fvee¯‘‡K aviY K‡i‡Q gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 G‡`k wecbœ AvR, Rvwb AvR wbibœ Rxeb g„Zzïv cÖZ¨n m½x, wbqZ kÎæi AvµgY i‡³i Avjcbv Auv‡K, Kv‡b ev‡R AvZ©bv‡ì myi; ZeyI my`„p Avwg, Avwg GK ÿzwaZ gRyi| Avgvi m¤§y‡L AvR GK kÎæ, GK jvj c_, kÎæi AvNvZ Avi eyfzÿvi DÏxß kc_|

K. eyav KqwU gkvj evwb‡qwQj? 1 L. MÖv‡g MYKei nIqvi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g~jfv‡eiB cÖwZ”Qwe

gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 9 wK‡m Kx nBj, cwðg n‡Z biLv`‡Kiv Avwm mviv MuvI fwi Av¸b R¡vjv‡q nvwmj AÆnvwm gvi †Kvj n‡Z wkky‡i Kvwoqv KvwUj †h Lvb Lvb wcZvi mvg‡b †g‡q‡i KvwU‡q Kwij i³mœvb|

K. eyav‡K gvwbKiZb e‡j WvKZ †K? 1 L. eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q I‡V †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨ †`LvI| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖ Ask cÖKvk K‡i

bvÓ cÖgvY Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 imyjcyi MÖv‡gi nZ`wi`ª K…l‡Ki †g‡q iƒcv| UvKvi †jv‡f Zvi Mwie

evev Zv‡K GK eq¯‹ abx cv‡Îi mv‡_ we‡q †`q| G we‡q‡Z iƒcvi gZ wQj bv| wKš‘ evevi weiæ‡× †m cÖwZevÌ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| K. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi †Kv_vq wQj? 1 L. Zv‡niv‡K bvix RvMi‡Yi cÖZxK PwiÎ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki iƒcv Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi

mv`„k¨ Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mvgwMÖK w`K cÖKvk

K‡i bvÓ we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 iv‡k` gnvR‡bi Rwg †e`Lj n‡q hv‡”Q| †m Kvi‡Y Zvi g‡b kvwšÍ

†bB| evwo‡Z bv Rvwb‡q wZwb Rwg iÿvi Rb¨ †Kv‡U© hvb| gvgjv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMv‡bi A_© †RvMv‡oi Rb¨ wec_ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z wM‡q †ev‡av`q nq| K. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †K›`ªxq PwiÎ †KvbwU? 1 L. cxi mv‡ne‡K ewncxi ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡k` gnvR‡bi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki

cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix Pwi‡Îi ¯iƒc e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AvswkK cÖwZ”Qwe gšÍe¨wUi

h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4


14 ei¸bv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 wZb eQ‡ii †QvÆ †Q‡j †ivnvb‡K wb‡q gv kvnvbvi wPšÍvi †kl †bB| †Q‡j‡K LvIqv‡bvi AvcÖvY †Póvq e¨¯Í mvivw`b| Nyg †_‡K Zz‡jB wLPzwo, d‡ji im, wm× wWg, `ya G‡Ki ci GK| gv‡qi nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z †ivnvb cvjv‡Z †Póv K‡i, nvZ cv †Qv‡o, gyL eÜ K‡i _v‡K, AviI KZ †KŠkj| wKš‘ kvnvbv †Rvi K‡i †ivnvb‡K LvIqv‡eB| G Ae¯’v †`‡L †ivnv‡bi evev wgt Avn‡g` e‡jb Ò†`L, †Zvgvi D‡Ïk¨ gnr, wKš‘ c×wZ fzj| †Q‡ji g½j PvI m‡›`n bvB, wKš‘ †Zvgvi LvIqv‡bvi ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e| K. wkÿvi me©cÖavb A½ Kx? 1 L. Ômvwn‡Zï g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì RvZ gvbyl n‡e| ej‡Z †jLK Kx

eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki kvnvbvi AvPi‡Y ÒeBcovÓ cÖe‡Üi †h we‡kl

w`KwUi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wgt Avn‡g‡ì e³e¨ cÖg_ †PŠayixi civg‡k©iB cÖwZaŸwbÓ

ÒeBcovÓ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 ¯^vgx I `yB mšÍvb wb‡q mygbvi msmvi| w`bgRyi ¯^vgxi mvgvb¨ Av‡q

AwZK‡ó Zvi msmvi P‡j| mšÍvb‡ì fv‡jv †L‡Z ci‡Z bv w`‡Z cvi‡jI cig ggZvq Zv‡ì AvM‡j iv‡L| `yózwgi Kvi‡Y gv‡S g‡a¨ eKvSKv Ki‡jI AšÍ‡i Zv‡ì cÖwZ Mfxi ggZv Abyfe K‡i| K. ÒAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÓ kxl©K M‡íi iPwqZv †K? 1 L. bxjgwb iv‡qi wfUv R½jve„Z nBqv cwoqv Av‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mygbvi msmv‡ii m‡½ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi

me©Rqvi msmv‡ii mv`„k¨MZ w`K Zz‡j a‡iv| 3 N. mygbv I me©Rqv Df‡qB cwjøgv‡qi kvk¦Z PwiÎ DÏxcK I

ÒAvg AuvwUi †fucyÓ kxl©K M‡íi Av‡jv‡K h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4 3 K…òcyi MÖv‡gi Rwgi DwÏb GKRb AwZ mvaviY gvbyl| †`vZviv

nv‡Z MÖv‡g MÖv‡g Mvb †M‡q †eovq| mevB gy» n‡q Zvi Mvb †kv‡b| Gme Mv‡b KZ †cÖg KZ †mŠ›`h© Avi KZ ZË¡Ávb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Ag~j¨ iZœwe‡kl n‡jI Zv AvR wejywßi c‡_| cwjømvwn‡Zï Gme Dcv`vb msMÖn, msiÿY I m¤úªmvi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡ì mK‡ji| K. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ Kx ai‡bi iPbv? 1 L. æFolklore Society”-Gi KvR Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †kl evK¨wU ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi g~jK_v‡K

cÖZxKvwqZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|ÓDw³wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4 4 D”PZi wWwMÖ wb‡q dvêywb wbR MÖv‡g wd‡i GKwU ¯‹zj ˆZwii D‡`¨vM †bq|

Zvi `v`vi GKLÐ RvqMvq MÖv‡gi nZ`wi`ª gvbyl¸‡jv †¯^”QvkÖ‡gi wfwË‡Z M‡o Zzj‡Z _v‡K Zv‡ì ¯^‡cœi ¯‹zj| GiB gv‡S AvZvnvi gvZeŸi †NviZi we‡ivwaZv ïiæ K‡i| Zvi gšÍe¨ n‡jv, mevB wkwÿZ n‡j nvj Pvl Ki‡e †K? †bŠKv evB‡e †K? ivbœv Ki‡e †K? †QvU‡jvK¸‡jv gv_vq P‡o em‡e| dvj¸wbi ¯úó DËi Z_vKw_Z eo‡jvK m¤úª`v‡qi †mev Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Rš§ nqwb| Zviv Gevi euvPvi g‡Zv euvP‡Z Pvq| K. ÔcÖjq wkLvÕ KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi †Kvb ai‡bi †jLv? 1 L. Ô†m †h WvKvi g‡Zv WvKvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖeÜwU‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z

cvi‡Q wK? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ gšÍe¨ Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki dvj¸wb ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ Gi †jLK KvRx

bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖZ¨vkvi ev¯Íevq‡b m‡Pó e³e¨wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 L AskKweZv

5 (i) †Zvgvi a~wj‡Z Mov G †`n Avgvi †Zvgvi a~wj‡Z Kv‡j wgwk‡e Avevi| (ii) mv_©K Rbg Avgvi R‡š§wQ G †`‡k mv_©K Rbg gv †Mv, †Zvgvq fv‡jv‡e‡m|

K. Kwe Avnmvb nvwe‡ei cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? 1 L. ÒGLv‡b _vKvi bvg me©ÎB _vKvÓ eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K (i)-Gi †h fve ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq

dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒD&``xcKØq ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi m¤ú~Y© fve

aviY K‡i‡QÓ we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 eûw`b c‡i g‡b c‡o AvwR cjøx gv‡qi †Kvj SvDkv‡L †h_v ebjZv euvwa ni‡l †L‡qwQ †`vj| Kz‡ji KuvUvi AvNvZ mBqv KuvPv cvKv Kzj †L‡q

Ag„‡Zi ¯v` †hb jwfqvwQ Muv‡qi `yjvjx †g‡q| †cŠl cve©‡Y wcVv †L‡Z e‡m Lywk‡Z welg †L‡q Av‡iv Djøvm evwoqv‡Q g‡b gv‡qi eKzwb †c‡q|

K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi ÔcÙveZxÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? 1 L. Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv? Kwei Av‡ÿ‡ci KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi g~jfve m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÖKvk

†c‡q‡Q wK? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 7 Avwg evsjvi Mvb MvB Avwg Avgvi Avwg‡K wPiw`b GB evsjvq Lyu‡R cvB| Avwg evsjvq †`wL ¯cœ Avwg evsjvq euvwa myi Avwg GB evsjvi gvqv fiv c‡_

†nu‡UwQ GZUv `~i| K. evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw` wb`k©b Kx? 1 L. ÒAvwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi PwjÓ ej‡Z Kx

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †h w`K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv

ev¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mgMÖfve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

Kx? †Zvgvi hyw³wbf©i gZvgZ `vI| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 g‡b n‡jv GKm‡½ A‡bK¸‡jv evR coj| A‡bK k‡ãi ZvÐe| †gwkbMv‡bi kã, ev”Pvi Kvbœv gvby‡li AvZ©bv`, KvZ‡ivw³| K‡qKwU KzKz‡ii wPrKvi| gvby‡li wejvc, Zvici k¥kv‡bi bxieZv| K. eyav Kv‡K m¨vjyU K‡iwQj? 1 L. †h gvby‡li `„wó‡Z fvlv †bB, eyavi g‡Z †m gvbyl bq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi LÐvsk gvÎÓ DÏxc‡Ki

Av‡jv‡K mZ¨vmZ¨ hvPvB Ki| 4 9 †MÖ‡bW D‡V‡Q nv‡Z KweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡dj Gevi ev‡Ni _vev, †fvR n‡e AvR cÖwZ‡kv‡a hvi m‡½ †h iKg, †m iKg †Lj‡e evOvwj †L‡jwQ, †g‡iwQ my‡L--- Kvb †K‡U w`‡qwQ †Zv‡ì|

K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K? 1 L. fq I‡K Kvey K‡i bv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Rxe‡bi †Kvb w`KwU

dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m¤ú~Y©fv‡ei cÖwZdjb

N‡U‡Q| g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei fwMœcwZ gviv hvIqvi ci fvwMœ gv‡R`v‡K wb‡q G‡m gvbyl K‡i| UvKv euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡R`v‡K eëmvqxi wØZxq ¯¿x wn‡m‡e we‡q †Ìqvi wm×všÍ †bq| Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x Gi cÖwZev` K‡i Ges Zv n‡Z †`qwb| K. m~h©v Í AvBb KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? 1 L. Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji g‡b kvwšÍ †bB †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi †nv‡m‡bi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg

Avwj Pwi‡Îi êmv`„k¨ Zz‡j ai| 3 N. gvZ…myjf mnvbyf‚wZ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei

¯¿x PwiÎwU cy‡ivcywi ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv PwiÎ bqgšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4

11 b`xi GK‚j fv‡O I K‚j M‡o GB †Zv f‡ei †Ljv mKvj †ejv Avwgi †i ZzB dwKi mÜ¨ †ejv| K. ewncxi bvUKwU KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 1 L. Òkvevk †g‡q ZzwgÓ GB Dw³wUi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcKwUi g~jfve †Kvb w`K w`‡q ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ònv‡Zg Avjx †hb f‡ei †Ljvi GKRb civwRZ †L‡jvqvoÓ



15 ei¸bv wRjv ¯‹zj evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 mvivÿY GUv-IUv Lvevi wb‡q wZb eQ‡ii †Q‡j Bg‡bi †cQ‡b †Qv‡Ub gv kvgxgv| Nyg †_‡K Zz‡jB wLPzwo, wm× wWg, d‡ji im, `ya G‡Ki ci GK| gvÕi nvZ †_‡K cvjv‡Z Bg‡bi kZ †Póv| wKš‘ gv kvgxgv Zv‡K LvIqv‡eb-B| Ae¯’v †`‡L Bg‡bi evev Rvwgj mv‡ne e‡jb, †`L, †Zvgvi D‡Ïk¨ gnr wKš‘ c×wZ fzj| †Q‡ji g½j PvI m‡›`n †bB, Z‡e LvIqv‡bvi ai‡b cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e| K. Kviv eva¨ bv n‡j eB ¯úk© K‡i bv? 1 L. Ôe¨vwaB msµvgK, ¯^v¯’¨ bqÕ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki kvgxgvi AvPi‡Y ÔeBcovÕ cÖe‡Üi †h we‡kl

w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve Rvwgj mv‡n‡ei e³e¨ cÖg_ †PŠayixi civg‡k©iB

cÖwZaŸwb ÔeBcovÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 MÖvgx m½xZ wkíx Rmxg DÏx‡bi Mv‡b gy» mevB| Zvi Mv‡b KZ

†cÖg, KZ †mŠ›`h© Avi KZ ZË¡Ávb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì iZœwe‡kl n‡jI Zv AvR wejywßi c‡_| cwjømvwn‡Z¨ Gme Dcv`vb msMÖn, msiÿY I m¤úªmvi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡ì mK‡ji| K. cwjøRbbxi ey‡Ki †Kv‡Y Kx jywK‡q Av‡Q? 1 L. evsjvi gymjgvbI mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡` †h, abx GK_v Kxfv‡e

cÖgvY Kiv hvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv

n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †kl evK¨wU ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi g~jK_v‡K

cÖwZKvwqZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4 3 wKlvY LvUv ¯^vgxi mvgvb¨ Av‡q `yB mšÍvb wb‡q AwZK‡ó msmvi P‡j

Av‡jqv wewei| mšÍvb‡ì fv‡jvfv‡e †L‡Z ci‡Z w`‡Z bv cvi‡jI cig ggZvq AvM‡j iv‡Lb Zv‡ì| yózwgi Kvi‡Y gv‡Sg‡a¨ eKvSKv Ki‡jI AšÍ‡i Zv‡ì cÖwZ Mfxi ggZv Abyfe K‡ib| K. nwini KvR †m‡i KLb evwo wdij? 1 L. w`wì K_vq byb I †Zj Avb‡Z Acy wØav KiwQj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jqv wewei mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi

me©Rqvi mv`„k¨MZ w`K Zz‡j ai| 3 N. Av‡jqv wewe I me©Rqv Df‡qB cwjø gv‡qi kvk¦Z PwiÎ|Õ

DÏxcK I ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ kxl©K M‡íi Av‡jv‡K G K_vi Dchy³Zv wePvi Ki| 4

4 iv‡njv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì A¯’vqx K¨v‡¤ú hy×vnZ‡ì †mev-ïkÖƒ×v KiwQ‡jb| n„`qwe`viK †mB ¯§„wZ AvRI Zv‡K ZvwoZ K‡i| Aemi mg‡q bvwZ-bvZwb‡ì wb‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Z¨v‡Mi K_v¸‡jv ¯§„wZPviY K‡ib| K. ÔjngvqÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. ÔZvn‡jB †`L-fqUv Avm‡j g‡b|Õ K_vwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU bexb cÖRš§‡K Kxfv‡e DØy× Ki‡e Zv

ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njvi Kg©KvÐ Ges ÔGKvšÍ‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi

†jwLKvi cÖqvm GK I AwfbœÕ Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 L AskKweZv

5 C` G‡jv, C` Gj Kvjv wgqvi N‡i, iwOb †cvkvK `vwg Lvevi AvcbR‡bi Z‡i, cv‡ki N‡i c‡o Av‡Q AvwRgwÏi gv, †c‡Ui ÿzavq †Ku‡` g‡i Zv‡K w`jvg bv| GB †Zv †gv‡ì C`, MvB mv‡gï MxZ|

K. Kx †`‡L c~Rvwi fRbvjq Lyjj? 1 L. ÔH gw›ì c~Rvwii, nvq †èZv, †Zvgvi bq? f‚Lvwii Ggb

Abyf‚wZi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvjvwgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjøv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi

Pwi‡Îi †h mv`„k¨ cwijwÿZ nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAvwRgwÏi gv ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi ewÂZ‡ì h_v_©

cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q Kx? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ Dc ’vcb Ki| 4

6 Òg‡b c‡o †mB mycywi Mv‡Qi mvwi Zvi cv‡k g„`y †R¨vrmœv gvLv‡bv MÖvg

gvwUi †`qv‡j Muv_v Avgv‡ì evwo †QvU †QvU my‡L wmœ» gb¯‹vg| cowk b`xwU aby‡Ki g‡Zv euvKv Diæ †Wvev R‡j mvivw`b LybmywU|Ó

K. m‡bU Kx? 1 L. Ô†mœ‡ni Z…òvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †h w`K w`‡q

mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxcK Ges ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ iPbvi †cQ‡b GKB †PZbv

KvR K‡i‡QÓ gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 4 7 AvZ¥gh©v`vm¤úbœ evOvwj RvwZi i‡q‡Q mg„× AZxZ BwZnvm| RvwZ

wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì †h cwiPq Zv GKw`‡b m„wó nqwb| hy‡M hy‡M bvbv Av‡›`vjb, wecøe-we‡`ªvn Avi gZv`‡k©i ga¨ w`‡q evOvwj RvwZ G cwiPq jvf K‡i‡Q| K. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kx‡mi Qwe AuvKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. Kwe ÔmI`vM‡ii wWOvi eniÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ bvbv Av‡›`vjb, wecøe-we‡`ªv‡ni cUf‚wg

ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K wePvi Ki| 3 N. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ

nqwb †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 ¯‹zj wkÿK gy`©vdwKi †ZZvwjø‡ki `ywf©‡ÿ ¯¿x-mšÍvb‡ì gi‡Z †`‡L‡Qb| GgbwK jvk¸‡jv‡K Kei ch©šÍ w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| wkqvj-kKz‡b Lye‡j †L‡q‡Q| Gme `„k¨ †`‡L wZwb cvMj n‡q †M‡Qb| K. †gwkbMvb ej, Avgvi bvg †gwkbMvb eyav Kv‡K G K_v e‡j‡Q? 1 L. ÔGKwU fqven KzwUj ivZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki gy`©vdwKi ÔKvKZvyoqvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi m‡½

mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎ I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ G `y‡qi g‡a¨

mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Dfq‡K GKm~‡Î Muv_v P‡j bv| DÏxcK I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4

9 Avgiv †Zvgvi kvwšÍwcÖq kvšÍ †Q‡j, Zey kÎæ G‡j A¯¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z Rvwb †Zvgvi fq †bB gv Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|

K. eo Rvg MvQUvi wb‡P Kvi mv‡_ eyavi †`Lv nq? 1 L. ÔGgb Lywk Avgvi Rxe‡b Avi Av‡mwbÕ eyavi G Dw³i KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯îƒc ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m

KZUv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 b`xi GK‚j fv‡O IK‚j M‡o GB †Zv b`xi †Ljv mKvj †ejv Avwgi †i ZzB dwKi mÜ¨v‡ejv|

K. nv‡Zg Avjxi eqm KZ? 1 L. ÔAvgiv Kx Kwiqv Zvnv‡ì †VKvB| AvR bv nq Kvj, hv‡eB

K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡eï cÖwZdjb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi

g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe bqÕ gšÍe¨wU

g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 11 †RGmwm co–qv wkÿv_©x Av`yix we`¨vjq †_‡K evwo wd‡i Rvb‡Z

cv‡i wfbMÖv‡gi evevi eqmx gvIjvbv cv‡Îi mv‡_ Zvi we‡qi Av‡qvRb P‚ovšÍ| gv-evev‡K eySvj, KvbœvKvwU Kij wKš‘ djvdj k~b¨| gv-evev Zv‡K ej‡jb, ûRy‡ii †Zvgv‡K cQ›`, Zuvi mv‡_ †Zvgvi we‡q bv w`‡q cv‡ci fvMx n‡Z cvie bv| we‡qi c~‡e© mncvVx‡K wb‡q cvwj‡q AvB‡bi AvkÖq †bq Av`yix| K. Ô†QvU gy‡L eo K_vÕ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Dw³wU Kvi wQj? 1 L. Gevi Zvi mv‡ai ¯cœI fvO‡e KviY Kx? 2 M. Av`yixi gv-evevi wPšÍv-†PZbvi ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewY©Z

ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DwÏó w`KwU †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nv‡kg, Zv‡niv, Av`yix

I Zvi mncvVx‡ì g‡Zv ZiæY cÖRš§gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4


16 cywjk jvBb D”P we`¨vjq, w`bvRcyi evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 `kg †kÖwYi QvÎ ÔKÕ gv‡qi Kv‡Q evqbv a‡i‡Q ÒGev‡i NUv K‡i †hb Ii Rš§w`bUv cvjb bv Kiv nq; eis †mB UvKv w`‡q GKz‡ki eB‡gjv †_‡K I‡K †ek wKQy eB wK‡b †Ìqv †nvK| KviY †m wm‡jev‡mi evB‡ii eB¸‡jvi g‡a¨B Zvi bZzb RMr I Rxeb Lyu‡R cvq|Ó GK_v ï‡b Zvi fvB ÔLÕ AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o| †m e‡j, ÔAv‡i †evKv cvVëB gyL ’ Ki, Kv‡R †`‡e|Ó K. gvby‡li me©‡kÖô kL †KvbwU? 1 L. ÔmywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯wkwÿZÕ ej‡Z †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. ÔLÕ Gi gvbwmKZv ÔeBcovÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU‡K cÖwZdwjZ

K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ÔKÕ †hb cÖg_ †PŠayixi Kvw•ÿZ evOvwj gšÍe¨wUi

h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 DÏxcK : (1) †hgb ey‡bv Ij †Zgwb evNv †ZuZzj| (2) ˆR¨‡ô Liv, Avlv‡p fiv k‡mï fvi m‡n bv aiv|

K. 'Proletariat' mvwnZ¨ Kx? 1 L. cÖvewÜK ÔPkgv AvUv †PvLÕ ej‡Z Kv‡ì‡K eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcjøxmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi mv`„k¨

i‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z Dcv`vb QvovI cwjømvwn‡Zï Av‡iv A‡bK

Dcv`vb i‡q‡QÓ cwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| 4

3 †mvbvB evwl©K cixÿv †k‡l GK mßv‡ni Rb¨ gv-evevi mv‡_ wkjs †eov‡Z wM‡q mßv‡ni cy‡ivUv mgq ïay †nv‡Uj K‡ÿ ï‡q e‡m KvwU‡q w`j| cÖPÐiKg Zzlvicv‡Zi d‡j iv¯ÍvNvU, MvQcvjv, gvV-NvU me ei‡di Zjvq Pvcv c‡o wM‡qwQj| †eov‡bv †Zv ~‡ii K_v, †nv‡Uj Kÿ †_‡K †e‡iv‡ZB cv‡iwb| K. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvwU ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K

†bIqv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. Avãyi ingvb‡K Ônidb †gŠjvÕ AvL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi †Kvb welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ågY Dc‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ DÏxc‡Ki g‡Zv AvenvIqv †gv‡UB

Dchy³ bq| ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 4 (i) `xN©w`b Amy ’ _vKvi ci †Pqvig¨vb Lv‡jK ZvjyK`v‡ii gv gviv

†M‡Q| RvbvRv Abyôv‡b, KzjLvwb Abyôv‡b †jvK mgvMg AevK Kivi g‡Zv| Pwjøk Abyôv‡b Av‡k-cv‡ki nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Z…wß K‡i †L‡q cÖvYf‡i †`vqv Kij|

(ii) gv‡qi g„Zzï KÕw`b c‡iB MÖv‡g Rwibv cvMwji g„Zzï Lei ï‡b †Pqvig¨vb mv‡ne Qy‡U †M‡jb| Zvi †Q‡j‡K mvšÍ¡bv w`‡jb| wbR gv‡qi g‡ZvB `vdb, KzjLvwb I Pwjøkvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jb| K. Ôme e¨vUvivB GLb evgyb Kv‡qZ n‡Z PvqÕ- †K e‡jwQj? 1 L. ÔAfvMxi Rxeb bv‡Uï †kl A¼Õ ejZ Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki (i) As‡k ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U

D‡V‡Q-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒVvKzi`vm I Aai hw` Lv‡jK mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZv aviY

Ki‡Zb Z‡e KvOvwj‡K Ggb `y‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z n‡Zv bvÓ- Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4

L AskKweZv 5 myax mgvR, ïbyb ewj, GB †i‡LwQ evwR †h-Rb mv‡ai Kvb wb‡q‡Q Rvb †be Zvi AvRB wgwUs nj wdwUs nj, Kvb †g‡j bv Zey, Wv‡e-ev‡q Qy‡U †eovB †gjvb hw` cÖfz QyU‡Z †`‡L †QvU †Q‡j ejj, †Kb wg‡Q Kv‡bi †Luv‡R giQ Ny‡i †mvbvi wP‡ji wc‡Q? †bB‡Kv Lv‡j, †bB‡Kv we‡j, †bB‡Kv gv‡V Mv‡Q Kvb †hLv‡b wQj Av‡M †mLvbUv‡ZB Av‡Q|

K. ÔRyZv Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. ÔeuvwPj †Mvey, iÿv †cj aivÕ PiYwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ myax mgv‡Ri AvPi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q ÔRyZv

Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv welqwU ÔRyZv Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi g~j

DcRxe¨Ó Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

6 ˆk‡ji ˆcVvq G‡mv ZbyMvÎx| cvnv‡oi eyK †Piv G‡mv †cÖg`vÎx| cvbœv AÄwj w`‡Z Avq †Mv, nwiPiY Pz¨Zv M½vi cÖvq †Mv, ¯^‡M©i myav Av‡bv-g‡Z©¨ mycY©v|

K. wkjvi Mv‡q Kx a‡i? 1 L. Òk¼v bvB, mgvb hvBÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ †`LvI| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi mv‡_ GKm~‡Î Muv_vÓ

KweZvi Abymi‡Y K_vwUi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4 7 Ògyw³hy‡×i c‡i n‡q‡Q hv‡ì Rš§ Avgvi G Mvb ïayB Zv‡ì Rb¨ GLv‡b wQjbv †mw`b AÆvwjKv †Kv‡bv, wK wQj †m BwZnvm ej Z‡e †kvb GLv‡b `„ß cv‡q G‡mwQ‡jb GK gnvb †bZv, jÿ RbZvi gv‡Q †Nv‡lwQ‡jb ¯^vaxbZv|Ó

K. ÔfeNy‡iÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. Ô†mw`‡bi me ¯§„wZ gy‡Q w`‡Z n‡q‡Q D`¨Z Kv‡jv nvZ|Õ

GLv‡b ÔKv‡jv nvZÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU Ô¯vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvi mv‡_ †Kvb w`K w`‡q mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki gnvb †bZv Ges Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq DwjøwLZ ÔKweÕ

GKB e¨w³Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbY©q Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 gwR` Amnvq GK wK‡kvi| Zvi wcZv-gvZv DfqB gviv †M‡Q| GLb Zvi _vKvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv RvqMv †bB| MÖv‡gi mevB Zv‡K †P‡b| hLb my‡hvM cvq ZLb gvby‡li KvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| MÖv‡gi mevB Zv‡K fv‡jvev‡m I †mœn K‡i| K. gywy³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K wQ‡jb? 1 L. eyav Zvi PvwPi evwo †_‡K P‡j hvq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PwiÎ‡K AvswkK

aviY K‡i gšÍe¨wU eywS‡q wjL| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖfve‡K Zz‡j a‡iwb|-

Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 9 ÒG †`k wecbœ AvR, Rvwb AvR Rxeb g„Zzïv cÖZ¨n m½x, wbqZ

kÎæi AvµgY i‡³i Avíbv Auv‡K| ZeyI my`„p Avwg, Avwg GK ÿzavZ© gRyi| Avgvi m¤§y‡L AvR GK kÎæ, GK jvj c_, kÎæi AvNvZ Avi DÏxß kc_| K. †K ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo‡Z Av¸b w`‡qwQj? 1 L. MÖv‡g MYKei nevi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g~j fv‡eiB cÖwZ”Qwe-

gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 †jLvcovq A`g¨ AvMÖn _vKv m‡Ë¡I Aí eq‡m GK †g‡qi we‡q n‡q hvq| k¦ïievwoi †jvKRb Zvi G AvMÖn‡K fv‡jv †Pv‡L †`‡Lwb| wKš‘ †g‡qwU mKj cÖwZeÜKZv‡K `~‡i †V‡j ¯^vgx‡K ivwR Kwi‡q †jLvcov Pvwj‡q hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bq| K. Zv‡nivi PvPv‡Zv fvB Kuv`wQj †Kb? 1 L. Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvjv‡Z fq bv Kivi KviY eY©bv Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q Ges

†Kb? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †g‡qwU Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Df‡qB

behy‡Mi bvixi cÖwZwbwaÓ gšÍe¨wUi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 `xN©w`b n‡jv GK e¨w³i ¯¿x MZ n‡q‡Qb| GZw`b we‡qi ZvwM` †eva

bv Ki‡jI GLb †kl eq‡m GKRb m½x cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡Qb| ZvB †Zv we‡q Ki‡jb Pwjø‡kvaŸ© GK ZvjvKcÖvß gwnjv‡K| K. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvni cÖ_g MíMÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? 1 L. ÔK…ZÁZvi †ZR †bkvi g‡ZvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki êmv`„k¨ eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ewncxi hw` DÏxc‡Ki e¨w³i g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j Kx bvU‡Ki

cwiYwZ Ab¨ iKg n‡Zv? g‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ †`LvI| 4


17 KzwoMÖvg miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 evsjvi Awemsevw`Z †bZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kvwlZ Rb‡Mvôxi gyw³i j‡ÿ¨ AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡i †M‡Qb| evsjvi Avcvgi RbmvaviY Zuvi Wv‡K gnvb gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i wbwØavq Rxeb wemR©b w`‡qwQj| K. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ Kx ai‡bi mvwnZ¨Kg©? 1 L. ÔKv‡Pi b¨vq ¯^”Q AšÍiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕÑ iPbvi Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki e½eÜy †hb gnvZ¥v MvÜxiB cÖwZiƒcÓÑ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

2 ¯¿xi †`qv welcv‡b g„Zz¨Kv‡j Bgvg nvmvb Zuvi wel`vZvi cwiPq Rvb‡Z †c‡iI Zv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡K eoB fv‡jvevwmZvg, eoB †mœn KwiZvg, Zvnvi Dchy³ Kvh©B Zzwg KwiqvQ| †Zvgvi Pÿz nB‡Z nvmvb wPiZ‡i we`vq nB‡Z‡Q| Ômy‡L _vK, †Zvgv‡K Avwg ÿgv Kwijvg|Õ K. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ iPbvq Ôexi evûÕ †K? 1 L. ÔG‡ì Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡ì ÿgv KiÕÑ gnvbwe (m.) †Kb G

cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwUi cÖwZdjb

N‡U‡Q Zvi cwiPq `vI| 3 N. ÔcÖwZdwjZ w`KwU QvovI cÖe‡Ü AviI w`K Av‡QÕ Dw³wU

we‡kølY Ki| 4 3 nZ`wi`ª cwiev‡ii †g‡q mvwebv| †c‡Ui `v‡q M„nKgx©i KvR K‡i|

M„nKÎx© gbœRvb mvwebv‡K mšÍvbZzj¨ †mœn K‡ib| mvwebvI gbœyRv‡bi `ywU wkï mšÍvb ggx© I gy»‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| I‡ì †`Lvïbv, LvIqv-`vIqv, †Ljvayjv mewKQz‡ZB mvwebvi AmvaviY AvšÍwiKZv I `ÿZvq gbœyRvbI A‡bK Lywk| K. ÔggZvw`Õ MíwU †Kvb MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z? 1 L. Po LvIqvi welqwU ggZvw` †Mvcb K‡iwQj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwebv Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ggZvwì êmv`„k¨ Zz‡j ai| 3 N. ÔM„nKgx©i cÖwZ gvbweK AvPiY DÏxcK I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi

g~j myiÕ gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 4 cyZzj †Ljvi w`b¸‡jv KvU‡Z bv KvU‡Z gv ej‡jb gÄyjx †Zvi

we‡q| ZL‡bv we‡q wRwbmUv eyS‡ZB wkwLwb| †mB †h ïiæ K‡iwQjvg msmvi AvR Rxe‡bi cošÍ‡ejv| mevB e‡j a‡b-R‡b gÄyjxi msmvi †hb Puv‡ì nv‡U cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| A_P `‡ki †evSv †U‡b †U‡b Avwg K¬všÍ| myL wKsev `yt‡Li wnmve Rxeb LvZvi cvZvq †gjv‡bvi dzimZ Avgvi †Kv_v! K. 1939 mv‡j ebdz‡ji †Kvb MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq? 1 L. wbgMvQ bZzb †jvKUvi mv‡_ P‡j †h‡Z Pvq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †h w`KwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© Zvi

cwiPq `vI| 3 N. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †kl e³‡eï mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki m¤úK© AZ¨šÍ

wbweoÕÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4

L AskKweZv 5 ÒbvB wK‡i myL, bvB wK‡i myL G aiv wK ïay welv`gq hvZ‡b R¡wjqv Kuvw`qv gwi‡Z †Kewj wK bi Rbg jqÓ| Avcbv‡i j‡q weeªZ iwn‡Z Av‡m bvB †Kn Aebxi c‡i mK‡ji Z‡i mK‡j Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K †gviv c‡ii Z‡i|Ó

K. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvwU †Kvb KweZvi fvevbyev`? 1 L. Kwe evn¨`„‡k¨ gb‡K fzj‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔcwiwnZeª‡Z gvbeRxeb ab¨ I mv_©K nqÕ DÏxcK I

KweZvi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 cÖK…wZ I Rxe‡bi Abycg Av‡jL¨ wef‚wlf‚lY e‡›`vcva¨v‡qi

mgim„wó Ôc‡_i cu¨vPvjxÕ I ÔAviY¨‡KÕ Dcb¨vm| †hLv‡b cÖK…wZ wPiKv‡ji bexbiƒ‡c Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| Acy, `yM©vmn AviI A‡b‡K †mB wPiKv‡ji cÖK…wZi mšÍvb| Giv hvq Av‡m-_v‡K bv| wKš‘ cÖK…wZ wPiKvjB bvbv iƒc-im-MÜ-¯ú‡k© wPiweivRgvb|

K. Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvwU †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. ÔGwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR e¨vwejb QvB n‡q Av‡QÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. ÔDÏxcKwU †hb Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ KweZviB M`ïƒcÕÑ

gšÍe¨wU wePvi Ki| 4 7 ÒhLb nvbv`vi ea msMx‡Z ¯^‡`‡ki ZiæY nv‡Z wbZ¨ †e‡R‡Q Aweivg †gwkbMvb gU©vi †MÖ‡bW|Ó gwbiæ¾vgvb

K. KweZvi nv‡Z Kx? 1 L. ÔA Av K L eY©gvjv c‡_ c‡_ÕÑ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi †h welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q

Zvi cwiPq `vI| 3 N. DÏxcKwU Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi mgMÖZv‡K ¯úk©

Ki‡Z cv‡iwb we‡kølY Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 ggx© Gevi C‡` MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z G‡m LyeB Avbw›`Z| eûw`b ci I my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q cvwLi WvK, †kqv‡ji nuvK †kvbvi| we‡ji R‡j dzUšÍ kvcjvi mgv‡ivn, cyKz‡i wPZ muvZvi Avi Zvj-Zgvj-wnR‡ji meyR cÖK…wZ‡K cÖvYf‡i Dc‡fv‡Mi| Ii wbR nv‡Z Mov evMv‡bi bvbv dz‡ji myevmI †g‡L †bq mviv kix‡i| K. ÔgÄwiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. ÔAvwg †Kvb AvMšÍK bBÕ KweZvq Kwe AvZ¥cwiPq wbwðZ

Ki‡Z GZ D`MÖxe †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki ggx©i mv‡_ Kwe Avnmvb nvex‡ei cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔcÖK…wZ †PZbvi †ÿ‡Î DÏxc‡Ki ggx© Ges Kwe GKB

mij‡iLvi weivRgvbÕÑ Dw³wU hyw³mn Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 9 `yM©vcy‡ii Avãyj nvwg` Ii‡d `vM&Mxj gIjvbv kvwšÍ KwgwUi

†Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb| GjvKvq Zvi cÖPzi mybvg wQj me mgq gvby‡li g½j KivB wQj Zvi eªZ| wKš‘ nVvr Kx n‡jv! ivZvivwZ wZwb cv‡ë †M‡jb| aviY Ki‡jb `vbexq iƒc| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì nZ¨v I wbixn gv-†evb‡ì wbh©vZb Zuvi †bkvq cwiYZ n‡jv| wZwb ej‡Zb Ôev` dRi `ywU cvwL wkKvi (gyw³‡hv×v nZ¨v) bv Ki‡j PvUv we¯^v` jv‡M| K. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? 1 L. ÔGevi g„Zzï DrcvZ ïiæ K‡i‡Q wfbœ iK‡gi gvbylÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki `vM&Mxj gIjvbv ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h

Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zvi cwiPq `vI| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi LÐwPÎ gvÎÓ gšÍe¨wUi

we‡kølY Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 AÜ †gvZvnvi †gvjøv †gvwgbcy‡ii †gv`v‡”Qi cxi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| cÖwZw`b

Zuvi evwo‡Z `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K gywiìvmn A‡bK gvbyl Av‡m| wZwb Zv‡ì bvbv mgm¨v AZ¨šÍ âh© mnKv‡i †kv‡bb Ges cviZc‡ÿ mgvavb Kivi †Póv K‡ib| SvodzuK, gv`wj-ZvweRI †bb †KD †KD| wZwb †Kvb nvw`qv-†Zvndv MÖnY K‡ib bv| Zvi AvPiY gvwR©Z I eÜymyjf| K. im wePv‡i bvUK KZ cÖKvi? 1 L. ÒAvwg Zv‡K euvPv‡evB| we‡q K‡i n‡jI euvPv‡ev|Ó nv‡k‡gi

G `„p cÖZ¨q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cx‡ii mv‡_ ewncx‡ii mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki AÜcxi mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ewncx‡ii mv`„k¨ A‡cÿv

êmv`„k¨B †ewkÑ hyw³mn Dc ’vcb Ki| 4 11 ÒZzwg Avm‡e e‡j weaŸ¯Í cvovi cÖfzi ev¯‘wfUvi fMœ¯Í‚‡c ùvwo‡q GKUvbv AvZ©bv` Kij GKUv KzKzi| Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j †n ¯^vaxbZv, AeyS wkï nvgv¸wo w`j wcZv-gvZvi jv‡ki Dci|

K. MYKei Kx? 1 L. eyav‡K †iwK Kivi Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwUi cÖwZdjb

NwU‡q‡Q Zvi cwiPq `vI| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU‡Z gnvb gyw³hy‡× cvKnvbv`vi‡ì ee©iZvi

cvkvcvwk evOvwj‡ì AvZ¥wemR©‡bi w`KwUI D¾¡jÓÑ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4


18 cÂMo we.wc. miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 evj¨Kvj nB‡Z Avgv‡ì wkÿvi mwnZ Avb›` bvB| †Kej hvnv wbZvšÍB Avek¨K ZvnvB KÉ¯’ Kwi‡ZwQ| Bnv‡Z †Kv‡bvg‡Z KvR P‡j gvÎ| wKš‘ g‡bi weKvk jvf nq bv| nvIqv LvB‡j †cU f‡i bv, wKš‘ Avnvivw` ixwZg‡Zv nRg Kwievi Rb¨ nvIqv Avek¨K| †Zgwb GKwU wkÿv cy¯ÍK‡K ixwZg‡Zv nRg Kwi‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv AcvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki mvnvh¨ Avek¨K| K. †¯^”Qvq eB co‡j Avgiv Zv‡K †Kvb `‡j †d‡j w`B? 1 L. Òcvm Kiv I wkwÿZ nIqv GK e¯‘ bqÓ eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?

Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi h_v_© cÖwZ”QweÓ DË‡ii

c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 2 †Q‡jUvi eqm n‡e evi eQi c‡ii N‡i gvbyl gvi Lvq `gv`g Mvj Lvq ARmÖ Qvov †c‡jB Avevi †`q †`Šo

K. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í AvgMvQwU †Kv_vq wQj? 1 L. M½v-hgybv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki †Q‡j Avi ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi `yM©v †hb GKB

gy`ªvi GwcV-IwcV e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. `yišÍcbv †hb DÏxcK I ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g~i

Kvwnwb h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 3 cqjv êkv‡Li wØZxq eo Abyôvb nvjLvZv| Zv‡ì †`vKvb¸‡jv‡K

my›ì K‡i jvj bxi meyR KvMR w`‡q mvRvb| RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB GB Drm‡e †hvM †`b| K. beel© †jLvwU †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. ÔZvcmwbk¦vmev‡q gyg~ly©‡i `vI Dov‡qÓ-Gi A_© eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv

Zz‡j ai| 3 N. Ôcqjv êkvL ïay GKwU Abyôvb bq, Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvwkZ

nq evOvwji AvwZ‡_qZvÓ K_vwUi Zvrch© †jL| 4 4 mvwn‡Zï GB kvLvwU AvaywbK Kv‡ji m„wó| Gi eqm Pwjøk †_‡K

cÂvk eQi n‡e| GwU M‡`¨ wjwLZ| AvKv‡i †ewk eo bq| G‡Z †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Kvwnwbi eY©bv _vK‡e, Z‡e Zv ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ bq| Kvwnwbi wfZi †_‡KB †e‡Q †bIqv †Kv‡bv Ask _v‡K gvÎ| K. bxj`c©Y †Kvb ai‡bi bvU‡Ki †kÖô D`vniY? 1 L. Uª¨v‡RwW ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ Ômvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †h kvLvi

êwkó¨ we`¨gvb Zvi weeiY `vI| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB M`¨ mvwn‡Zï GKgvÎ w`K bq


L AskKweZv 5 evsjvi b`x wK †kvfvkvwjbx wK gayi Zvi KzjKzj aŸwb `yÕav‡i Zvnvi weUwci †kÖwY †nwi‡j Ryovq wnqv|

K. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq †Kvb msMx‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. Ò`y»‡mÖvZiƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯Í‡bÓ G K_v w`‡q Kwe Kx

†evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki g~jfv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi g~jfv‡ei

mv`„k¨ eY©bv Ki| 3 N. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi cwiYwZi w`KwU DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z|

we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 †gŠgvwQ : IB dzj dz‡U e‡b hvB gay Avni‡Y ùvovevi mgq g‡Zv bvB| wccxwjKv : kx‡Zi mÂq PvB Lv`¨ LuywR‡ZwQ ZvB Qq cv‡q wcjwcj Pwj|

K. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi †kl kãwU Kx? 1 L. ÔP‡Kvi Pvq P›`ªgqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †gŠgvwQ I wccxwjKv †hb Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq ewY©Z

Sibvi cÖwZiƒc D³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7 Avwg evsjvq Mvb MvB Avwg Avgvi Avwg‡K wPiw`b GB evsjvq Luy‡R cvB| Avwg evsjvq †`wL ¯cœ Avwg evsjvq euvwa myi Avwg GB evsjvq gvqvfiv c‡_ †nu‡UwQ GZUv `~i|

K. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq †Kvb hy‡Mi wPÎKjvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 1 L. ÒAvwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi PwjÓ PiYwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxcKwUi g~j e³e¨ †Kvb w`K w`‡q ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ

KweZvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ò†nu‡UwQ GZUv `~iÓ DÏxc‡Ki GB Dw³wU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ

KweZvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 iwdK MÖx‡®§i QywU‡Z ¯¿x-mšÍvb‡ì wb‡q MÖv‡gi evwo hvw”Q‡jb| c‡_ `yN©Ubvq ¯¿x I `yB cyÎ gviv hvq| AvcbRb‡ì nvwi‡q †kv‡K cv_i n‡q hvb wZwb| Kuv`‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb| PvKwi KvRKg© †Q‡o w`‡q c‡_ Ny‡i †eovb| GLb mevB Zv‡K cvMj e‡j| K. IBUzKz †Z‡ji `vg †kva w`‡Z n‡e bv- †K e‡jwQj? 1 L. Ò†hb cy‡iv GKwU wej Xz‡K Av‡Q Ii †Pv‡LÓ K_vwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxcKwU †Kvb w`K w`‡q ÔKvKZvWzqvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv‡_

mvgÄm¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. iwdK Gi cv_i n‡q hvIqv Avi eyavi k³ n‡q hvIqvi NUbv

†hb GK m~Î Muv_v gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 9 wb‡Pi QKwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :

exiGkÉÓ¤ 7 gvPÆ

gnvb gywÚhy«¬ KvKZvo~qv

16 wWGmÁ¼i kvw¯¦ KwgwU Avwj, wgVz kvnveywób

2 1

K. AvaywbK Dcb¨v‡mi cÖ_g m~ÎcvZ N‡U †Kv_vq? 1 L. kvnveywÏb eyavi Qwe AuvK‡Z Pvb †Kb? 2 M. †Kvb HwZnvwmK fvlYwU eyav‡K gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ Pigfv‡e

AvK…ó K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ògyw³hy‡× exi‡kÖô‡ì KvR Avi Dcb¨v‡mi kvnveywÏ‡bi KvR GK

I AwfbœÓ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K Dw³i h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 10 mvgvwRK cÖ_v Abyhvqx G †`‡ki bvix mgvR bvbv-eÂbv I

wbcxo‡bi wkKvi| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evj¨weevn, eûweevn I †hŠZzK BZ¨vw`| K_vq Av‡Q AwaKvi †KD KvD‡K †`q bv, Av`vq Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ ìKvi bvix wkÿv| ZvQvov bvix‡ì gvbwmK `vm‡Z¡i g‡bvfve cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| K. ÒewncxiÓ bvUKwU KZ A‡¼ wef³? 1 L. ÒZvnvivB Avgv‡K Av‡ówc‡ó euvwaqv ivwLqv‡QÓ K_vwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. evOvwj bvixi Rxeb †PZbvi †h cwiPq DÏxc‡K cwijwÿZ

nq Zv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒAwaKvi †KD KvD‡K †`q bv, Av`vq Ki‡Z nqÓ GB Dw³i

Av‡jv‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZev`x „wófw½ we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 MÖv‡gi †gvoj wØZxq ¯¿x wn‡m‡e nvwKg Avwji †g‡q †nbv‡K we‡q

Ki‡Z Pvq| †gvoj †nbvi evev‡K A_©m¤ú‡ì †jvf †`Lvq| G‡Z †nbvi evev ivwR nq| †nbv GB we‡q Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq Ges evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q wM‡q †cvkvK KviLvbvq PvKwi †bq| K. nv‡Zg Avwji evjëÜyi bvg Kx? 1 L. Ôkvevk †g‡q ZzBÕ †Lv‡`Rvi GB Dw³wUi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K nvwKg Avwji m‡½ Zv‡nivi evcRv‡bi Pwi‡Îi

Zzjbvg~jK wePvi Ki| 3 N. Ò†nbv I Zv‡niv wb‡R‡ì ¯^vaxb mËvi cwiPq w`‡q‡QÓ



19 bxjdvgvix miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K AskM`¨

1 Mv‡bi Ask-1 : nv‡Z hw` _vK‡Zv †Qviv, †Zvi ÿzw` Kx co‡Zv aiv gv‡Mv i‡³ gvs‡m GK KwiZvg, †`L‡Zv RMrevmx| [ÿzwìv‡gi duvwm] Mv‡bi Ask-2 : Avwm e‡j Avgvq †d‡j, †m †h †Mj fvB wZb fze‡bi †Kv_vq †M‡j fvB‡qi †`Lv cvB| [†`kvZ¥‡eva Mvb iæbv jvqjv]

K. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ M‡í DwjøwLZ Ô†eq‡bUÕ Kx? 1 L. ¯‹zj Lyj‡jI Rvgx ¯‹z‡j hvqwb †Kb? 2 M. ÒMv‡bi Ask-1 Gi ÿzwìvg Gi AvZ¥Z¨vM Ges ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ

M‡íi iægxi AvZ¥Z¨vM GKB m~‡Î Muv_vÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒMv‡bi Ask-2 G Rvgxi n„`‡qi AvKzwZB cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÓ Dw³wUi

h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 2 gv giv †g‡q cÖwZeÜx Bfv| K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv †Zv Kx n‡q‡Q? eyw×‡Z †m Lye

cvKv| cÖwZeÜx n‡jI evev Bfv‡K Lye fv‡jvev‡mb| †Rjv kn‡ii cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡j Bfv‡K fwZ© K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| K¬v‡mi A‡b‡Ki mv‡_ Bfvi fve n‡q‡Q| hLb GKv _v‡K cÖK…wZi mv‡_ Avbg‡b †m K_v e‡j|

gv giv GMvi eQi eqmx Avwgbv| G‡Zv Aí eq‡mI Mdz‡ii msmvi‡K cvKv M„wnbxi g‡Zv AvMwj‡q †i‡L‡Q| Mdzi A‡bK mgq wb‡R bv †L‡q g‡nk‡K †L‡Z †`q, N‡ii Qvjv †_‡K Lo †ei K‡i g‡nk‡K Pzwcmv‡i w`‡q Av‡m| Avgbv g„`y cÖwZev` K‡i e‡j evev, Gfv‡e Lo w`‡Z _vK‡j AvMvgx el©vq N‡i _vKv `vq n‡q co‡e| K. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í DwjøwLZ Ô†XuwKkvjvÕ Kx? 1 L. iwmK y‡j Zvi cv‡qi ay‡jv w`‡Z wM‡q †Ku‡` †djj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z cÖwZeÜx Bfvi mv‡_ myfvi PvwiwÎK

êmv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Aby‡”Q‡ì Avwgbv Ges ÔAfvMxi ¯M©Õ M‡íi KvOvwj

DfqB `y‡f©v‡Mï wkKviÓDw³wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 3 Avwmd gnwmb n‡j mxU †c‡q‡Q| †m XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi QvÎ|

gykwKj n‡jv Zvi wZb mv‡o wZb gY IR‡bi wRwbmcÎ wZbZjvq †Zvjv| iwng fvB‡qi WvK coj| kZ©, mKv‡ji bv Ív Kiv‡Z n‡e| Avwmd ivwR| mKv‡j iwng fvB AvUwÎk Lvbv Z› yix iæwU, 2 evwU Wvj, 2 evwU mewR I GK gM Pv †L‡jb| Avwmd AevK n‡q ZvwK‡q iBj|

ZiæY †jLK †f‡ewQ‡jb Zvi evÜex AwZ my›ìx| ZvB Zv‡K †nv‡U‡j wbgš¿Y Ki‡jb| h_vixwZ Zvi evÜex wbgš¿‡Y mvov w`‡jb| wKš‘ evÜexi Amy›ì KzrwmZ †Pnviv †`‡L †jL‡Ki n„`‡qi ¯ú›`b †_‡g hvIqvi Dcµg n‡jv| hv †nvK, f`ªZvi LvwZ‡i wZwb Zv‡K Avc¨vq‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡jb| Rv¤^y mvB‡Ri Zvi †cUzK evÜex evievi ej‡Z jvM‡jb, Avwg †Zgb wKQy LvB bv, Z‡e AgyK, AgyK wRwbm n‡j g›` nq bv| wej w`‡Z wM‡q †jLK †`L‡jb, Zvi cy‡iv gv‡mi Li‡Pi UvKv †kl| K. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡í ÔgZ©gvb KjvÕ Kx? 1 L. dvjy`v evbv‡bvi eid cvMgvb cvnvo †_‡K Avbvi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡` DwjøwLZ iwng fvB‡qi Lv`¨vf¨v‡mi mv‡_

ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave yi ingv‡bi Lv`¨vf¨v‡mi Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Aby‡”Q‡ì welqe ‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi welqe ‘i

AbyiƒcÓ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 4 KweZvsk-1 : Avwmqv‡Q aiv w`‡Z kZ †mœn eûcv‡k, †eu‡a †dj AvR †M‡j Avi hw` bvwn Av‡m| KweZvsk-2 : ZvivB gvbyl, ZvivB †èZv, Mvwn Zvnv‡`wi Mvb, Zv‡ìB e¨w_Z e‡ÿ cv †d‡j Av‡m be DÌvb|

K. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ ÔPÐvjÕ Kx? 1 L. Z_vKw_Z †QvU‡jvK m¤úÖ`vq ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv †Kb? 2 M. †`LvI †h, KweZvsk-1 ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ

AwfRvZ ev f ª m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ GKwU Dc‡`k| 3 N. ÒKweZvsk-2 ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi D‡cwÿZ I Ae‡nwjZ

gvby‡li kÖ‡gi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡i‡QÓDw³wU h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 L AskKweZv

5 Mv‡bi Ask-1 : bxj AvKv‡ki wb‡P Avwg iv Ív P‡jwQ GKv, GB mey‡Ri k¨vgj gvqvq „wó c‡o‡Q XvKv| Mv‡bi Ask-2 : Ggb †`kwU †Kv_vI Luy‡R cv‡e bv‡Kv Zzwg mKj †`‡ki ivYx †m †h Avgvi Rš§f‚wg|

K. PZz`k©c`x KweZvi AóK (Octave) Kx? 1 L. ÒAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?Ó Kwei G m‡›`‡ni KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq gay Kwei †Pv‡L ¯‡`‡ki †h †mŠ›`h© aiv co‡Q

Zv KweZvsk-1 Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. ÒMv‡bi Ask-2 g~jZ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi welqe ‘i mg_©KÓhyw³

Øviv †Zvgvi gZvgZ cÖwZwôZ Ki| 4 6 i³ hLb w`‡qwQ, Av‡iv †è, G‡`k‡K gy³ K‡iB Qvoe, Bbkvjøvn| Gev‡ii

msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg| Rq evsjv| (e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi AvswkK)

gv‡qi GKgvÎ mšÍvb kixd| XvKv wek¦we`¨v‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi QvÎ| fvlvi `vwe‡Z wgwQj n‡”Q| kixd wgwQ‡j †hvM w`‡q‡Q| wgwQ‡j cywjk ¸wjel©Y K‡i‡Q| kixd‡K Avi Luy‡R cvIqv hvqwb| K‡qK w`b Av‡M gv‡K †m wPwV wj‡LwQj, kxNªB evwo Avm‡e| †mB wPwV nv‡Z gv AvRI †Q‡ji c_ †P‡q e‡m Av‡Qb|

K. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ KweZvq ÔMYm~‡h©i gÂÕ Kx? 1 L. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq evOvwj‡K Abvh© RvwZ ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡ì mv‡_ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì

n‡jvÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘i mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Aby‡”Q` Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘i

AvswkK cÖwZdjb gvÎÓDw³wUi h_v_© wbiƒcY Ki| 4 7 †ÿ‡Z †ÿ‡Z Nywi kvgy‡K Kwiqv Luy‡U Luy‡U Zzwj avb †MvUv wkl hw` †`wL fuy‡q c‡o D_wjqv I‡V cÖvY| nuvwUqv nuvwUqv Ggwb Kwiqv mviv nq avb †LuvRv, wb‡q hvq N‡i cvovi †jv‡Kiv AuvwU AuvwU †evSv †evSv| (Kzovbx Kvjx`vm ivq) KweZvsk-2 : mK‡ji gyL nvwm fiv †`‡L cvi bv gywQ‡Z bqb avi? ciwnZ eª‡Z cvi bv ivwL‡Z, Pvwcqv Avcb welv` fvi?

K. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ÔjÉbÕ Kx? 1 L. ÔRxe‡bi me ivwÎ‡K Iiv wK‡b‡Q Aí `v‡gÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii mv‡_ KweZvsk-1 Gi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒKweZvsk-2 G g~jZ ivbv‡ii fvivµvšÍ n„`‡qi †e`bvi wPÎ AvswkK

dz‡U D‡V‡QÓ Dw³wUi g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 (i) wgqvbgv‡ii ivLvBb cÖ‡`‡ki Awaevmx †ivwn½v m¤úÖ`vq| †m †`‡ki miKvwi evwnbxi nZ¨v, al©Y, AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q Zviv evsjv‡`‡k cvwo Rgvq| wgqvbgvi miKvi Zv‡ì bvMwiK‡Z¡i ¯xK…wZmn Ab¨vb¨ myweav bv †Ìqvq Zviv wgqvbgv‡i wd‡i †h‡Z AvMÖnx bq| Zviv Zv‡ì AwaKvi Pvq|

(ii) Rš§f‚wg mevi Kv‡Q wcÖq| webv Kvi‡Y †KD Zvi Rš§f‚wg Z¨vM K‡ib bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b Rš§f‚wgi Rb¨ Gi bvMwiKiv Rxeb w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z _v‡K| g°v Z¨v‡Mi c~‡e© gnvbwe (m) evievi g°vi w`‡K wd‡i ZvKvw”Q‡jb Ges ej‡jb, †n wcÖq Rš§f‚wg, Avgvi ¯RvwZiv hw` eva¨ bv KiZ Avwg KL‡bv †Zvgv‡K †Q‡o †hZvg bv| Rš§f‚wg ¯M©v`cx Mixqmx A_©vr Rš§f‚wg ¯^‡M©i †P‡qI †kÖô| K. Dcb¨vm Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ eyav MÖvg †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvqwb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡ì mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h we‡kl

w`KwUi mv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zvi eY©bv `vI| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Aby‡”Q‡` eyavi †`k‡cÖ‡gi wPÎwU dz‡U D‡V‡QÓ

Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 9 Mv‡bi Ask-1 : gv‡Mv fvebv †Kb Avgiv †Zvgvi kvwšÍwcÖq kvšÍ †Q‡j Zey kÎæ G‡j A ¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z Rvwb †Zvgvi fq †bB gv Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb| Mv‡bi Ask-2 : GK b`x i³ †cwi‡q evsjvi AvKv‡k iw³g m~h© Avb‡j hviv †Zvgv‡ì GB FY †Kv‡bvw`b †kva n‡e bv| bv, bv, bv, †kva n‡e bv|

K. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wewfbœ R‡bi †`qv eyavi bvg¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki| 1 L. Kx Kvi‡Y eyav gvwU KvUvi `‡j †hvM`vb K‡i? 2 M. Mv‡bi Ask-1 Gi mv‡_ eyav Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒMv‡bi Ask-2 ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU we‡kl w`‡Ki Zvrch©

enb K‡iÓ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 KweZvsk-1 : †Kv†ª‡bv Kv‡j GKv nqwb‡Kv Rqx cyiæ‡li Zievwi †cÖiYv w`qv‡Q, kw³ w`qv‡Q, weRq j²x bvix KweZvsk-2 : cÂvbb‡K cvIqv †M‡Q A‡K w`‡bi †Luv‡R Rvb bv wK g¯Í Kzjxb I †h mgv‡R †Zv DV‡Z n‡e †mUv wK †KD fv‡ev? I‡K Qvo‡j cvÎ †Kv_vq cve?

K. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †kl msjvcwU D‡jøL Ki| 1 L. Òkvevk †g‡q ZzwgÓ †K, †Kb Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb? 2 M. ÒewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv KweZvsk-1 Gi weRq-j²x bvixÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv I evevi g‡bvfveB KweZvsk-2 Gi

welqe ‘Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv cÖwZcv`b Ki| 4 11 ÔnvweevÕ Gevi Gm.Gm.wm cixÿvq A+ †c‡q cvm K‡i‡Q| Zvi evev Zv‡K we‡q

w`‡Z PvB‡j nvweev Gi cÖwZev` K‡i| †m e‡j Avgvi GLbI 18 eQi c~Y© nqwb| nvweevi evev †Rvi Ki‡j nvweev welqwU BDwc †Pqvig¨vb‡K Rvbvq| †Pqvig¨vb G‡m we‡q eÜ K‡i †`b|

†kvf‡bi eëmv‡q cÖPzi ÿwZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †m nZvk n‡q c‡o| Zvi eÜy mygb GwM‡q Av‡m| e‡j, Zv‡Z Kx n‡q‡Q, Avwg †Zv‡K UvKv w`w”Q| eëmvq Avevi ïiæ Ki| eëmv‡q jvf-†jvKmvb n‡eB, G‡Z †_‡g †M‡j Pj‡e bv| K. bvU‡Ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki| 1 L. Zv‡niv †Kb we‡qi iv‡Z cvwj‡q hvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡ì nvweevi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi

mvnwmKZvi Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. Ô†kvf‡bi eÜyi gv‡S ewncxi jywK‡q Av‡QÓ †Zvgvi DË‡ii c‡ÿ hyw³

`vI| 4


AwaK Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †miv cÖ¯‘wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z AviI

kxl©¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vPwb cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb

20 †dbx Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR

mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. Ôgi‡Yi K_v g‡b Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bvÕÑ Dw³wU Kvi?

K eyavi L KzwšÍi M dzjKwji N kvnveywÏ‡bi 2. Ôwbwk›`vÕ A_© Kx? K av‡bi gÄix L wbSzg ivZ M MÖvgxY GK ai‡bi MvQ N †flR Jla 3. ggZvwì †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨

i. kãnxb ii. wbwe©Kvi iii. Abyf~wZnxb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

4. ÔAvqy †hb ˆkev‡ji bxiÕÑ Gi c‡ii PiY †KvbwU?

K Ki hy× exh©evb hvq hv‡e hvK cÖvY L msmvi mgiv½‡b hy× Ki `„p c‡Y M gvbe-Rbg mvi, Ggb cv‡e bv Avi N msmv‡i msmvix mvR, K‡iv wbZ¨ wbR KvR 5. ÔVvKz‡ii nuvwo †`LwP wk‡Kq D‡V‡PÕÑ

Dw³wU Kvi? K fyeb gyLy‡hï L nwin‡ii M †mR VvKiæ‡bi N ivav †evó‡gi 6. Zv‡niv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi e¨vcv‡i nv‡kg

Avjxi †Kvb †evawU cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q? K gvbweKZv L mnvbyf~wZ M mngwg©Zv N wbf©xKZv 7. AvaywbK Kg©bvkv †mªv‡Z Kx nvwi‡q hv‡”Q? K Qov L cÖev` M DcK_v N cwjøMvb 8. ÔAvwZ¥K g„Zz¨Õ ej‡Z †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?

i. ˆbwZK AatcZb ii. g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq iii. A¯vfvweK g„Zz¨


9. Ôb`xi Z‡j Luy‡R †`L| Avgv‡K wR‡Ám Ki †Kb? Avwg wK I‡ì MvwR©qvb?ÕÑ G K_vq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q eyavi

K `~i`wk©Zv L †Lqvwjcbv M AÁZv N †KŠkj 10. wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi iwPZ †Kvb MvbwU

¯^vaxbZvKvgx evOvwj RvwZ‡K we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i?

K AvgviB †`k me gvby‡li L †Zvgvi g„Zz¨ RvwM‡q w`j gvby‡li we‡eK M Avgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡eB Pj‡e N Avwg `vg w`‡q wK‡bwQ evsjv

DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †cŠ‡li KvQvKvwQ †iv`gvLv †mB w`b wd‡i Avi Avm‡e wK KL‡bv? 11. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU

DÏxc‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K †`k‡cÖg L cÖK…wZ‡cÖg M ¯§„wZKvZiZv N AvZ¥køvNv 12. DÏxc‡Ki g~je³e¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y

dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K mZZ, †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b L mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡j M Ze KjK‡j RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b N Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?Ñ hZ w`b hv‡e 13. nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zvi

cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb K û`vqweqvi mwÜ‡Z L Lqe‡ii hy‡× M g°vevmx‡K ÿgv Kivq N Zv‡qdevmxi cÖwZ AvPi‡Y 14. †KvbwU ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi †jLv? K G‡j‡e‡j L cÖdzjø M cÖwZfvi †Ljv N gqyiKÉx 15. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Î cÖKvk

†c‡q‡Q i. AbgbxqZv ii. AwaKvi m‡PZbZv iii. gvbweKZv


16. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †Pw½m Lvb‡K wK‡mi cÖZxK fvev n‡q‡Q?

K aŸs‡mi L cÖwZev‡ì M Kj¨v‡Yi N ÿgZvi 17. Rxebvb›` `v‡ki gv KzmygKzgvix `vk Kx

wQ‡jb? K cwjøKwe L Kweqvj M MxwZKwe N ¯^fveKwe 18. Rvnvbviv Bgvg iægx‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ gvwm©

wcwUkb K‡ibwb †Kb? K iægxi cÖwZ †Õ²nkxjZvi Kvi‡Y L iægx‡K euvPv‡bv hv‡e bv e‡j M iægxi AvZ¥hg©v`v iÿvi Rb¨ N iægxi cÖwZ K‡VviZvi Kvi‡Y 19. ÔAvgv‡iv wQj g‡b, †Kg‡b †eUv †c‡i‡Q

†mUv Rvb‡ZÕÑ gš¿xi G K_vq cÖKvk cvqÑ i. KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZôvi †Póv ii. wbe©yw×Zv iii. AšÍ¨R †kªwYi cÖwZ KUvÿ


20. ÒK~cgÐ~K ÔAmshgxÕi AvL¨v w`qv‡Q hv‡i Zvwi Z‡i fvB Mvb i‡P hvB, e›`bv Kwi Zv‡i|Ó cO&w³Ø‡q ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ

cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU dy‡U D‡V‡Q? K myaxRb‡ì cÖwZ D®§v L D‡cwÿZ‡ì cÖwZ ggZv M f`ª m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ wa°vi N D‡cwÿZ‡ì m‡PZb Kivi cÖqvm 21. bvU‡Ki cÖvY Kx? K Kvwnwb L PwiÎ M msjvc N cwi‡ek 22. m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë KZ wLªóv‡ã ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib? K 1921 L 1922 M 1923 N 1924 DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Kvq‡¯’i †Q‡j g„Zz¨Äq mvcy‡oi †g‡q

wejvmx‡K we‡q K‡i| Zvi nv‡Z fvZ LvIqvi Aciv‡a MÖvgevmx Zv‡ì GKN‡i K‡i AgvbweK wbh©vZb ïiæ K‡i|

23. DÏxc‡Ki MÖvgevmxi AvPi‡Y ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi êwkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K Ck¦i bvwcZ L fÆvPvh© gnvkq M VvKzi`vm gyLy‡h¨ N Aai ivq 24. D³ êwkó¨wU n‡jvÑ K RvZ-‰elg¨ L mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfve M ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi N AvwfRvZ¨ 25. Ô¯^fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei wQj AUzU I Acwimxg

†cÖgÕÑ gšÍe¨wU †Kvb KweZvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨? K e½evYx L K‡cvZvÿ b` M Avgvi cwiPq N Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB 26. eyav ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo‡Z Av¸b †`q K e¨w³¯^v_© PwiZv_© Ki‡Z L Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Ki‡Z M cÖwZwnsmvq AÜ n‡q N kÎæi cÖwZ cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z 27. †KvbwU Kwe RmxgD`&`xb iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’ bq? K GK cqmvi euvwk L gvwUi Kvbœv M P‡j gymvwdi N †mvRbevw`qvi NvU 28. cÖg_ †PŠayixi QÙbvg Kx? K †fv‡ii cvwL L ebdzj M hvhvei N exiej 29. Ôcqjv êkvL‡K G Ae¯’v †_‡K D×vi Kiv

cÖ‡qvRbÕ †jLK GLv‡b †Kvb Ae¯’vi K_v e‡j‡Qb?

K ey‡R©vqv wejvm I d¨vkb L †gwK Avb›` Av‡qvRb M Abvo¤î D`hvcb N mv¤cÖ`vwqK wb‡®úY 30. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ÔexRgš¿Õ ej‡Z

Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K M~p mZ¨ ePb L †cÖÿvcU M AšÍwb©wnZ Zvrch© N g~j †cÖiYv

1 KLMN 2 KLMN 3 KLMN 4 KLMN 5 KLMN 6 KLMN 7 KLMN 8 KLMN 9 KLMN 10 KLMN

11 KLMN 12 KLMN 13 KLMN 14 KLMN 15 KLMN 16 KLMN 17 KLMN18 KLMN 19 KLMN20 KLMN

Self

test

21 KLMN 22 KLMN 23 KLMN24 KLMN 25 KLMN 26 KLMN27 KLMN28 KLMN29 KLMN30 KLMN

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 L 2 M 3 N 4 L 5 L 6 L 7 M 8 K 9 N 10 M 11 M 12 K 13 K 14 N 15 N

16 K 17 N 18 M 19 M 20 L 21 M 22 L 23 N 24 K 25 K 26 N 27 M 28 N 29 K 30 N


21 gqgbwmsn Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30 1. evsjvG`Gk R¯ÃMÉnY KGi hviv evsjv fvlvGK

N†Yv KGi ZvGì mÁ·GKÆ Kwei AwfgZ Kx? K Zv‡ì Rš§ cwiPq wVK Kiv hvq bv L Zviv gvbyl bv‡gi cwiPq `v‡bi A‡hvM¨ M Zviv AK…ZÁZviB cwiPq †`q N Zviv bxP I nxb Rxebhvcb K‡i 2. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi g~j myi Kx? K cÖK…wZ‡cÖg L ¯§„wZKvZiZv M wbmM©‡cÖg N Mfxi Avb›` 3. gvbe Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨

i. wg_¨v myL Kvgbv ii. RM‡Zi Kj¨vY iii. gvb‡ei Kj¨vY

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 4. iex±`Ðbv^ VvKzGii ˆKvb KveÅMÉ¯© ˆ^GK ‘RyZv

AvweÓ•vi’ KweZvwU msKjb Kiv nGqGQ? K gvbmx L †mvbvi Zix M Kíbv N wPÎv 5. wMwii wng jjvU Nvgj †Kb? K cv_‡ii MwZkxjZvq L Sibvi D™¢‡e M bv‡Pi Drm‡e N fq cvIqvq 6. gvV ¯Íä n‡e bv, KviY K mevB wg‡j mRxe ivL‡e L bZzbfv‡e cwiPh©v Ki‡e M †Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡Mi m¤¢vebv †bB N engvbZv wUwK‡q ivL‡e 7. cÉwZGekxi Auvavi NGi R¾vjGZ cvGi AvGjv

‰LvGb AvGjv ejGZ Kx êvSvGbv nGqGQ? K cvi¯úwiK m¤úÖxwZ L wec‡` mvnvh¨ Kiv M G‡K A‡bï †LuvR †bIqv N KvD‡K Zz”Q bv fvev DóxcKwU cGo 8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI : wicf¨vb DBsKj `xN© wek eQi ci Muv‡q

wd‡i G‡j Zv‡K †KD wPb‡Z cv‡iwb| mevB Zvi w`‡K DrmyK `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l Zvi ¯^Rb Ug G‡j me ksKvi Aemvb N‡U|

8. DÏxc‡Ki U‡gi mv‡_ ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q i. Rwgjvi gvi ii. K`g Avjxi iii. A‡eva evj‡Ki

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 9. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq b`xi msL¨v KZ? K 1200 L 1400 M 1300 N 1500 10. ‘mvnmx Rbbx evsjv’ KweZvq bxjKgGjiv Kviv? K cÖnixiv L mvnmxiv M n„`qevb e¨w³MY N gyw³‡hv×vMY 11. evYxK‡Éi ï®‹ K‡cv‡j AkÖæ Mwo‡q

c‡owQj †Kb? K evYxK‡Éi †Pv‡Li AmyL wQj L Rwg`v‡ii Kv‡Q AcgvwbZ n‡q M †evev †g‡qwUi fwel¨r †f‡e N evYxK‡Éi ¯¿x KwVb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡qwQj

12. jvB‡eªwi‡K ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri Dci ¯’vb †Ìqvi KviY

K weÁvb PP©vi Rb¨ L ¯wkwÿZ nevi my‡hvM cvIqv M ag©xq PP©vi Rb¨ N cixÿvq fv‡jv djvdj bv Kiv 13. Mv‡q Zvi KZ bv Qwe AuvKv, P‚ovq Zvnvi

KZ bv jZvcZv Rov‡bv Kvi? K gyLy‡h¨ M„nKÎ©xi L i‡_i M k¥kv‡bi N KvQvKvwQ evwoi 14. wK¯§ nvq! ‰ KvGRi RbÅ ˆÕ¼œQvGmeK `j KB?

güÁÃ` knx`yÍÏvni ‰ nZvkv `yi nGZ cvGi KxfvGe? K †¯^”Qv‡meK `j MVb K‡i L mfv-mwgwZ‡Z h_vh_ Dc¯’vcb K‡i M †dvK‡jvi †mvmvBwU ¯’vcb K‡i N RbmvaviY‡K m‡PZb K‡i 15. Acyi wU‡bi ev·wU cÖK…Zc‡ÿ

i. Zvi m¤úwËi mgv‡ek ii. †Ljvi mvgMÖxi ¯’vb iii. wkïg‡bi GKvšÍ Kíbv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I iii L ii I iii M i I iii N iii

16. Avwg ivRv bB, mgªvU bB, gvby‡li cÖfz bB| Avwg GgbB GK bvixi mšÍvb, mvaviY ï®‹ gvsmB wQj hvi wbZ¨Kvi Avnvh©| G e³‡e¨ nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Îi dz‡U IVv w`KwU n‡jv i. wbinsKvi ii. wePÿbZv iii. mZ¨wbôv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I iii L ii I iii M i I ii N i, ii I iii

17. AvR Avgv‡ì GZ AatcZ‡bi KviY Kx? K †gnbwZ gvby‡li cÖwZ Ae‡njv L MYRvMi‡Yi Afve M ¯cœiv‡R¨ wePiY N e¨w³‡K cÖvavb¨ †Ìqv 18. AvwZ¥K g„Zz¨ ej‡Z †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?

i. ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨ ii. ˆbwZK AatcZb iii. g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I iii L ii I iii M i, ii I iii N i I ii

19. Avõyi ingvbGK ˆjLK bi`vbe eGjGQb ˆKb? K AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ L kvixwiK MV‡bi Rb¨ M †ewk ivbœvi Rb¨ N †ewk LvIqvi Rb¨ 20. ggZvwì m‡½ †Q‡jwUi K‡_vcK_b

g~jëvb ejvi KviY i. K_vi †fZi g~jëvb welq wQj ii. K_vi †fZ‡i †mœn jywK‡q wQj iii. K_vq eÜyZ¡c~Y© Av‡eM jywK‡q wQj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I iii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

21. †Uwbm‡bi wis AvDU `¨v Iì I iex› ªbv‡_i G‡mv †n êkvL G y‡qi g‡a¨ wgj †Kv_vq?

K GKwU Ab¨wUi Abyev` L `y‡UvB evsjv beel©‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i M KweZv `y‡Uv g‡b Avb‡›ì mÂvi K‡i N KweZv `y‡Uvi g~jfve GKB 22. cÉvGYi ˆPGq gb eo Av`kÆwU cÉwZdjb ˆ`Lv

hvq Rvnvbviv BgvGgi ˆKvb KvGRi gaÅ w`Gq? K Rvgx‡K ¯‹z‡j h‡Z bv †Ìqvq L hy‡×i mgq wbR cvov †Q‡o bv hvIqvq M iæwg‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨ gvwm© wcwUkb bv Kivq N kixd mv‡n‡ei KzjLvwbi Av‡qvRb Kivq 23. Rxe‡bi c~Y©veqe bq LÐvsk, Rxe‡bi

GKwU we‡kl gyn~Z© †Kv‡bv we‡kl cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨, ¯^ímsL¨K Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g Gi cwiYwZ N‡U| GLv‡b mvwn‡Zï †Kvb kvLvi cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K KweZv L †QvUMí M Dcb¨vm N bvUK 24. †jL‡Ki RM`‡ji w`b Avb›`gq nevi

cÖavb KviY K †mLv‡b eo †Ljvi gvV wQj L †e½j UvBMvi-Gi AvbyMZ¨ M R½‡ji cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© N ¯‹z‡ji hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³ 25. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vix i‡q‡Q K Kvwkgcy‡i L †ikgcy‡i M †mvbvcy‡i N eveycyiv DóxcKwU cGo 26 I 27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI : ˆØZ kvmbeë¯’v e¨_© n‡j 1793 mv‡j jW©

Kb©Iqvwjm wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯Í cÖeZ©b K‡ib| GB cÖ_vq wbw`©ó w`‡b Rwg`vi‡K mÜ¨vi c~‡e© evrmwiK Ki cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡Zv| Ab¨_vq ciw`bB Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DVZ|

26. DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h welqwU mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv n‡jv

K evj¨weevn L mvÜ¨ AvBb M cx‡ii cÖfve N ¯^vaxb Rxeb‡PZbv 27. DÏxc‡Ki welqe ‘ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb

Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©? K †Lv‡`Rv L nv‡Zg Avwj M ewncxi N Zv‡niv 28. nwiKvKzi Rv‡i cÖPzi gvQ DV‡j wZwb

eyav‡K Kx e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡ib? K †LvKvevey L †mvbvevev M gvwbKiZb N †MveivRv 29. wb‡Ri †evSv wb‡R eB‡ev| eyavi G e³‡e¨

dz‡U I‡V K Kg©`ÿZv L kvixwiK mÿgZv M AvZ¥wek¦vm N †`k‡cÖg 30. †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j eyav‡K wb‡q kvnveywÏ‡bi

cwiKíbv Kx? K hy×iZ †Q‡jwUi bvbv fw½i Qwe AuvKv L KvKZvo–qv evbv‡bv M wb‡Ri mvg‡b e‡m nvmv‡bv N eyav‡K nZ¨v Kiv



Self

test


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1 K 2 L 3 L 4 M 5 L 6 N 7 L 8 K 9 M 10 N 11 M 12 L 13 L 14 M 15 M

16 K 17 K 18 L 19 L 20 L 21 N 22 M 23 L 24 N 25 L 26 L 27 L 28 M 29 M 30 K

64 wmwi‡Ri SSC MEGA Bank : Interactive Virtual CD

22 RqcyinvU Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. ÔivZ †kl n‡q m~h© DV‡e K‡eÕÑ GLv‡b ÔivZÕ kãwU †Kvb A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q?

K `yt‡Li cÖni L Auvavi M ivwÎ N A¯úóZv 2. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ

KweZvq Kvi dzmdzm GLb †cvKvi `L‡j? K mMxi Avjxi L iæ¯Íg †k‡Li M gZje wgqvi N †Kó`v‡mi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kwdK wgqv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì‡K wewfbœfv‡e

mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| GKw`b ivRvKvi Av‡kK Avjx kwdK‡K a‡i cvK-†mbv‡ì K¨v‡¤ú wb‡q hvq| wKš‘ kwdK g„Zz¨f‡q †gv‡UB fxZ nq bv|

3. DÏxc‡K Av‡kK Avjx ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m †Kvb PwiÎ‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`q?

K Avnv` gywÝ L dRy wgqv M KzÏym N Rqbvj 4. DÏxc‡Ki kwdK I Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡a¨

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. †`kvZ¥‡eva ii. mvnwmKZv iii. cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 5. Ô¯^vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jvÕ

KweZvq jvjmvjy †eu‡a †mw`b Kviv G‡mwQj? K K…lK L QvÎ M kªwgK N gRyi 6. Ph©vc‡ì cvÐywjwc †Kv_v †_‡K D×vi Kiv

n‡qwQj? K evsjv‡`k L †bcvj M fviZ N kªxjsKv 7. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi g~jfve Kx? K gvbe mf¨Zvi cwiYwZ L cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© bk¦i M RxevZ¥v inm¨gq N cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© wPi¯’vqx 8. ÔAvgv‡iv wQj g‡b †Kg‡b †eUv †c‡i‡Q †mUv Rvb‡ZÕÑ Kx

Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q? K Svo– w`‡q ayjv `~i Kiv

L c„w_ex‡K Pvgov w`‡q gywo‡q †`qv M cvwb w`‡q ayjv `~i Kiv N Pvgov w`‡q PiY †X‡K †djv 9. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq ewY©Z ÔdwUK RjÕ Kx? K cvwb L cvwL M cix N b`x DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : `yiv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ dwi‡ì Ae¯’v

fv‡jv bq| Wv³vi e‡j‡Qb, dwi` Avi †ewk w`b euvP‡e bv| dwi` Zvi gv‡K e‡j fv‡jv n‡q †Lj‡Z †M‡j wb‡la †hb bv K‡i| G K_v ï‡b gv‡qi †Pv‡L ïayB AkÖæ S‡i|

10. dwi‡ì K_vq ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq †LvKvi †Kvb g‡bvfvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K †Õ²‡ni AvKzjZv L †eqvovcbv M Ab¨vq Ave`vi N gvZ…fw³

11. DÏxc‡Ki gv I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq gv Df‡qi g‡a¨ dy‡U D‡V‡Q i. gvZ…mËvi cÖK…Z mZ¨ ii. ¯^v‡_©i evovevwo iii. mšÍv‡bi cÖkvwšÍ


12. †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K ÔggZvw`Õ MíwU msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K Rbbx L mixm„c M wPý N mniZjx 13. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbeRxeb‡K

e„_v ej‡Z Pvbwb; KviY i. gvbeRxe‡bi mvdj¨ ii. gvbeRxeb Zvrch©gq iii. gvby‡li A‡bK `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q


14. Kwd nvD‡mi †mB AvÇvUv AvR Avi †bB, †Kv_vq nvwi‡q †Mj †mvbvwj we‡Kj¸‡jv †mB, AvR Avi †bB| DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿÕ b` KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?

K †`k‡cÖg L ¯§„wZKvZiZv M †Õ²nKvZiZv N Agi‡Z¡i AvKv•ÿv 15. †Pv‡Li R‡j fvm‡Z fvm‡Z AvwgI

kix‡di gZ‡K mg_©b K‡iwQÕ GLv‡b †Kvb g‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K iægx‡K †`L‡Z bv hvIqv L gvwm© wcwUkb bv Kiv M kvwšÍbM‡i hvIqv N Rvgxi ¯‹z‡j hvIqv 16. †Q‡ji Rxeb iÿv Ki‡jI †jL‡Ki evev

KzKziwU‡K †g‡i †dj‡jb| KviY i. KzKziwUi Kó jvNe Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb ii. KzKziwUi `y`©kv mB‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv iii. AwZ wbôzi cÖK…wZi †jvK wQ‡jb


17. Ôawi gvQ, bv QyB cvwbÕ GwU Kx? K Lbvi ePb L cÖev` M Qov N †Ljvi RMr 18. Ônhi‡Zi g„Zzï K_v cÖPvwiZ nB‡j

gw`bvq †hb Auvavi NbvBqv AvwmjÕÑ GLv‡b ÔAuvavi NbvBqv AvwmjÕ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K ivwÎ n‡q hvIqv L wec` Nwbqv Avmv M †kvK wenŸj nBqv cov N `y‡h©vM †b‡g Avmv 19. mvwn‡Zï cÖavb jÿY †KvbwU? K m„RbkxjZv L †mŠ›`h© m„wó M Avb›` `vb N bv›`wbKZv 20. AvcdMvwb Ív‡bi wiwjd g¨v‡ci †Pnvivi

m‡½ mv`„k¨ wQj Kvi? K Aa¨ÿ wRiv‡ii L †jL‡Ki M UvOvIqvjvi N Ave`yi ingv‡bi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j `xß cÖK…Z wkÿv

AR©b Ki‡Z PvB‡jI Zvi eëmvqx evevi B”Qv †Kv‡bviK‡g GKwU mvwU©wd‡KU wb‡q evevi eëmv †`Lvïbv Kiv|

21. DÏxc‡Ki `xßi gvbwmKZvi mv‡_ Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`K n‡jvÑ

K AbœwPšÍv †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z Pvq L gvbemËvi N‡i DbœxZ n‡Z Pvq M evB‡ii RMr‡K Rvb‡Z Pvq N Rxeb m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z Pvq 22. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwei

mvg‡b Kx? K k~b¨ Luv Luv ivbœvNi L miæ c_ M av‡bi †ÿZ N ayay b`xi wKbvi 23. †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ wef~wZf~lY iex›`ª-

cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb? K c‡_i cuvPvjx L AcivwRZ M AviY¨K N BQvgwZ 24. †mwjbv †nv‡mb wcZv-gvZvi KZZg mšÍvb? K Z…Zxq L PZz_© M cÂg N lô 25. ÔMvwn mv‡gï Mvb †hLv‡b Avwmqv GK n‡q †M‡Q me evav eëavb †hLv‡b wg‡k‡Q wn›`y-†eŠ×-gymwjg-

wµðvb- Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi mv‡_ Dc‡ii KweZvskwUi wgj i‡q‡Q i. ag©wbi‡cÿZvq ii. RvZxqZv‡ev‡a iii. mve©RbxbZvq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 26. ÒAvcbvi bvg ewncxi n‡jv Kx K‡iÓÑ G

Dw³ Kvi? K †Lv‡`Rv wewei L nv‡kg Avwji M Zv‡nivi N nv‡Zg Avwji 27. myfv weavZvi Kv‡Q A‡jŠwKK ÿgZv cÖv_©bv

Ki‡Zv i. cÖZv‡ci g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ ii. gv‡qi weiw³ `~i Kivi Rb¨ iii. evKkw³ wd‡i cvIqvi Rb¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 28. Ô8g †kªwYi QvÎx iv‡eqvi we‡q wVK n‡j MÖv‡gi

gvZei mv‡ne Gi †Nvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges e‡jb, Ôevj¨ weevn AvB‡bi cwicš’x|ÓÑ GLv‡b gvZei mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvq ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj cvIqv hvq?

K nv‡Zi Avwj L nwKKzjøvn M ewncxi N nv‡kg Avwj 29. ebdzj mvwnZ¨ A½‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ibÑ K 1917 mv‡j L 1918 mv‡j M 1919 mv‡j N 1920 mv‡j 30. Z_vKw_Z †QvU‡jvK m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvbyl

AwaKvi fy‡j hvIqvi KviY Kx? K wb‡R‡ì AÁvbZv L f`ª mgv‡Ri AZ¨vPvi M mvgvwRK wek„•Ljv N A_©‰bwZK êlg¨



Self

test


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1 K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 M 6 L 7 N 8 N 9 L 10 M 11 M 12 L 13 L 14 L 15 L

16 K 17 L 18 M 19 K 20 N 21 L 22 N 23 N 24 L 25 M 26 N 27 K 28 N 29 L 30 L


23 †gvnv¤§`cyi wcÖcv‡iUwi ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †gŠwjK †cÖiYv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K cÖK…wZi inm¨gq †mŠ›`h© L cÖK…wZi iƒc-im-MÜ M mf¨Zv wejxb n‡q hvIqv N c„w_exi engvbZv 2. cÖg_ †PŠayix ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †Kvb

gZv`‡k©i cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb? K Avgv‡ì †`‡ki fzj wkÿv c×wZi e¨vL¨v L mbvZb c×wZ‡Z wkÿvi cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©b M cvðvZ¨ wkÿv c×wZi cÖPviYv N AwaK msL¨K jvB‡eªwi ¯’vcb 3. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m)Õ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ Ômygnvb

cÖwZ‡kvaÕ Øviv nhi‡Zi Pwi‡Îi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q?

K cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nv L Zz”QZv‡eva M ÿgvkxjZv N D`viZv 4. ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †Kvb †iv‡Mi D‡jøL Av‡Q? K Wvqwiqv L g¨v‡jwiqv M RwÛm N K¨vÝvi 5. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq iƒcK A‡_©

eën„Z n‡q‡Q †Kvb K_vwU? K N„Yvi KvZz©R L A Av K L eY©gvjv M KweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡dj N Gevi ev‡Ni _vev 6. Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Kivi KZ eQi Av‡M

ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¿xi g„Zz¨ nq? K 14 L 15 M 16 N 17

DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †MÖ‡bW D‡V‡Q nv‡Z KweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡dj

Gevi ev‡Ni _vev †fvR n‡e cÖwZ‡kv‡a 7. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi

mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? K N„Yvq L j¾vq M cÖwZ‡kv‡a N cÖwZ‡iv‡a 8. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv fve wb‡Pi †KvbwUi

mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? K ¯‡`‡ki Rb¨ AvZ¥Z¨vM L gyw³‡hv×v‡ì kw³kvjx Avµg‡Y M nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g nZ¨vKvÐ N ¯Rbnviv gyw³‡hv×vi AmnvqZ¡ 9. myfv †Kv_vq e‡m _vKZ? K eUZjvq L †ZuZzjZjvq M AvgZjvq N RvgZjvq 10. wf‡±vwiqv AvjevU© AuvZvZ n‡qwQj

†Kv_vq? K hy³iv‡óª L Bsj¨v‡Û M Rvg©vwb‡Z N Kz‡q‡Z 11. †K Pvgvi‡K k~‡j weu‡a KvivMv‡i AvU‡K

ivL‡Z ejj? K ney L Miæ M gš¿x N Ávbx¸Yx

12. mviv w`‡bi cwikÖ‡g hviv GKwU w`‡bi Avnvi cvq bv, Zey Zv‡ì g‡b Kx †bB?

K `ytL L D”PvKv•ÿv M `yivkv-Møvwb N †jvf 13. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxZvÕ

KweZvq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q K ¯‡`k‡cÖg L ¯vaxbZvi ¯îƒc M †`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯îƒc N civaxbZvi †e`bv

DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kÖxDjv BDwbq‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e

kvwKj Avn‡g‡ì †ek mybvg i‡q‡Q| Zvi Kv‡Q A_©weË bv _vK‡jI ˆbwZKZvB wQj me‡P‡q eo m¤^j|

14. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?

K nwKKzjøvni L ewncx‡ii M nv‡kg Avwji N nv‡Zg Avwji 15. Kx Kvi‡Y D³ PwiÎwU GKwU D¾¡j PwiÎ?

i. gvbweK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ ii. AvZ¥wbgMœ‡ev‡a RvMÖZ iii. D”P gvbweK †PZbv m¤úbœ



16. Kwenxb wegyL cÖvšÍiGLv‡b ÔcÖvšÍiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K evsjv‡`k L cvwK¯Ívb M †im‡Kvm© gq`vb N †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb 17. RmxgD`&`x‡bi †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’wU wewfbœ

fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q? K bKmx Kuv_vi gvV L gvwUi Kvbœv M GK cqmvi euvwk N †mvRb evw`qvi NvU 18. ivbv‡ii `ytL †Kej †K Rvb‡e? K c‡_i †jvK L c‡_i ayjv M c‡_i Z…Y N c‡_i e„ÿ 19. eo‡ì Rb¨ †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi cÖKvwkZ

Dcb¨v‡mi msL¨v KqwU? K cuwPk L †ZwÎk M cuqwÎk N Pwjøk 20. †dvK‡jvi K_vwUi D™¢veK †K? K `wÿYviÄb wgÎ L DBwjqvg _gm M gbmyi eqvwZ N gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn

DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gnvZ¥v MvÜx fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki

gvbyl‡K weªwUk miKv‡ii weiæ‡× HKë× K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb bvbvfv‡e Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg RvMÖZ K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z bvbv we‡`ªv‡ni ga¨ w`‡q Rš§ nq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki|

21. DÏxcKwU †Kvb iPbvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? K mvnmx Rbbx evsjv L Avgvi cwiPq M †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv N Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB 22. D³ iPbvq Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

i. mvgëv` ii. AZxZ HwZn¨ iii. evOvwji Rš§K_v



23. Ôi³KiexÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? K bvUK L Dcb¨vm M †QvUMí N cÖeÜ 24. †KvbwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’

bq? K BDmyd †Rv‡jLv L b~ibvgv M gniig kixd N mqdzjgyjyK 25. evsjv bee‡l©i HwZn¨ †KvbwUi m‡½

mv`„k¨c~Y©? K ag©xq HwZn¨ L †MŠiegwÐZ M Avb›`vbyf‚wZ N DrmegyLiZv 26. nwini `kNivq †h‡Z ivwR n‡jv bv †Kb? K A‡_©i Kvi‡Y L AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi Kvi‡Y M `yM©vi Kvi‡Y N wcZ…wfUv Qvo‡Z bv PvIqvq

DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : evOvwj †hw`b HKë× n‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e

ÔevOvwji evsjvÕ †mw`b Zviv Amva¨ mvab Ki‡e|

27. DÏxc‡Ki evOvwji Amva¨ mvab Kivi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨? i. HKë×Zv ii. ag©-eY© we‡f` `~i iii. K‡Vvi cwikÖg



28. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z DÏxc‡Ki ¯îƒc dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K evOvwji RvMiY L K‡Vvi cwikÖg M GKZv N †`k‡cÖg 29. †Mwijv ZrciZv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K AvKw¯§K nvgjv L K‚U‡KŠkj aviY Kiv M kÎæ‡ì nvgjv N Rw½ nvgjv 30. ÔAf¨vMZÕ kãwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K wbgwš¿Z AwZw_ L gymvwdi M †gRevb N wfb‡`wk cw_K



Self

test


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1 K 2 N 3 M 4 L 5 M 6 K 7 M 8 L 9 L 10 L 11 M 12 M 13 M 14 N 15 N

16 K 17 K 18 M 19 L 20 L 21 L 22 N 23 K 24 M 25 L 26 L 27 K 28 M 29 K 30 K


24 Mfb©‡g›U j¨ve‡iUix nvB ¯‹zj, gqgbwmsn mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. Ôwb‡gi nvIqv fv‡jv, _vK, †K‡Uv bvÕ †K e‡j?

K bZzb †jvK L Kwe M KweivR N weÁiv 2. `yM©v AuvP‡ji LuyU Ly‡j wK‡mi wewP †ei

K‡iwQj? K bvUv d‡ji L êuwP d‡ji M iov d‡ji N †ZjvKzPvi 3. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü ¸iæ‡K DËimvaK ejv

n‡q‡Q, KviY ¸iæ K wk‡lï AvZ¥v‡K D‡ØvwaZ K‡ib L wkl¨‡K wkÿv`vb K‡ib M wk‡lï Ávb e„w× K‡ib N wkl¨‡K cov gyL‡¯’i ZvwM` †`b 4. iwmK †ejMvQwU Kx Kv‡R eënvi Ki‡Z

†P‡qwQj? K AfvMxi ke`vn L Nievwo ˆZwi M ivbœvi KvV msMÖn N KvOvjxi Rb¨ 5. AvaywbK wkÿvi Kg©bvkv †mÖv‡Zi AZj

M‡f© Zwj‡q hv‡”Q Kx? K DcK_v L cÖev` M Qov N cwjøMvb 6. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ¯‹zjco–qv †Q‡jwUi Kv‡Q

Rxebg‡qi MwjUv †Kgb wQj? K ¯M©cyix L †cÖZcyix M hgvjq N wcÎvjqZzj¨

DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †h †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡l fiv evY Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyK fiv Mvb, KuvUv †c‡q Zv‡i dzj Kwi `vb mvivwU Rbg fi| 7. Dw³¸‡jv gnvbwe (m)-Gi Rxe‡bi †h

NUbv¸‡jv ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q Zv n‡jv i. Zv‡qdevmx‡K ÿgv ii. gnvbwe (m) Gi mygnvb cÖwZ‡kva iii. gnvbwe (m) Gi Pwi‡Îi mnR ¯^”Q cÖKvk

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

8. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m) eo Avì Ki‡Zb i. `ye©j‡ì‡K ii. `ytLx‡ì‡K iii. AÜ‡ì‡K


9. Ôey‡R©vqv wejvmÕ ej‡Z †Kvb †kÖwYi gvby‡li kL †evSvq?

K wb¤œweË L ga¨weË M D”PweË N wb¤œga¨weË 10. gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb

i. Abœe‡¯¿i wPšÍvnxbZv ii. gy³g‡bi m½x iii. gbyl¨Z¡‡eva


11. Rvnvbviv Bgvg Rš§MÖnY K‡ib KZ mv‡j? K 1910 L 1913 M 1920 N 1923 12. cÖvPxb fviZe‡l© iwPZ gnvKve¨ †KvbwU? K e„Îmsnvi L ivgvqY M †gNbvèa N †hvMv‡hvM 13. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Ô†mœ‡ni Z…òvÕ

K_vwU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Kwei i. ¯§„wZKvZiZv ii. ¯^vRvZ¨‡eva iii. ¯^‡`k‡cÖg

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i I iii 14. Kwe †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Kx †`‡L fwel¨r

wbf©i n‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb? K evn¨`„k¨ L g‡bvnvi g~wZ© M AZxZ my‡Li w`b N msmvi mgiv½b 15. Kvjvcvnvo Kx K‡i‡Qb? K gw›ì wbg©vY L gmwR` wbg©vY M †èvjq wbg©vY N †èvjq aŸsm 16. j²x‡cuPv Zvi j²xwUi Z‡i Kx Ki‡e? K bvP‡e L nvm‡e M Mvb MvB‡e N Awfbq Ki‡e DÏxcKwU c‡o 17 I 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : _¨v‡jv‡mwgqvq AvµvšÍ evey‡K cÖwZgv‡m

2-3 e¨vM i³ w`‡Z nq| Wv³v‡ii g‡Z, eveyi Avi †ewkw`b †bB| evey gv‡K e‡j fv‡jv n‡q †Lj‡Z †M‡j gv †hb wb‡la bv K‡i| gvÕi †Pv‡L ïayB AkÖæ|

17. eveyi AvKv•ÿv †Kvb Pi‡Yi mv‡_ †g‡j? K wkq‡i ewmqv g‡b g‡b gvZv MwY‡Q

†Q‡ji Avqy L evjvB evjvB, fv‡jv n‡e hv`y g‡b g‡b

Rvj †ev‡b M Kwi‡gi mv‡_ †Lwjev‡i †M‡j w`‡e

bvZ Zzwg Mvj N †QvULvU KZ evqbv †Q‡ji cv‡i bvB

wgUvevi 18. cwjøRbbxi mšÍvb I evey `yRbB

i. Avkvev`x ii. ev¯Íeev`x iii. KíbvcÖeY


19. ivbv‡ii Rxe‡b `ytL †K Rvb‡e? K Z…Y L c_ M eb N ivZ 20. ÔAvgvi kix‡i †j‡M Av‡Q, GB wmœ» gvwUi

myevmÕ GB cO&w³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Kwei i. †`k‡cÖ‡gi MfxiZv ii. ay‡jvevwji m‡½ mL¨Zv iii. Rš§f‚wgi m‡½ GKvZ¥Zv


21. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq †gNbv b`xi `ÿ gvwS †K?

K iæ¯Íg †kL L †Kó `vm M mMxi Avjx N gZje wgqv 22. Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i

bvBÕ GwU n‡jv evOvwji K †PZbv L HwZn¨ M g~jgš¿ N exRgš¿ 23. †Kv_vq ¯^cœ wb‡q ga¨weËiv †im‡Kvm©

gq`v‡b G‡mwQj? K n„`‡q L †PZbvq M jjv‡U N †Pv‡L 24. †KvbwU mvnmx Rbbx evsjvi ey‡K Pvcv Av‡Q? K gnv cÖwZ‡iva L g„‡Zi Av¸b M N„Yvi KvZz©R N ev‡Ni _vev

DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : MÖv‡g WvKv‡Zi Dc`ªe †e‡o †M‡j

AwaKvsk MÖvgevmx MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ wek¦we`¨vjq co–qv ivwKe MÖvg †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvq bv| †m e‡j, MÖvgUv Avgvi| GLvb †_‡K Avwg GK cv-I boe bv|

25. DÏxc‡Ki ivwK‡ei mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c~Y© PwiÎ †KvbwU?

K dzjKwj L gwZDi M eyav N Kzw¯Í

26. DwjøwLZ Pwi‡Î Luy‡R cvIqv hvq i. gvbweKZv ii. †`kvZ¥‡eva iii. Amxg mvnm



27. Kvi Kuv‡a gv_v †i‡L wZby Nywg‡q †hZ?

K weby L wkjy

M Zv‡je N eyav

28. ÔGgb So KL‡bv †`wLwbÕ Dw³wU Kvi?

K †Lv‡`Rvi L ewncx‡ii

M Zv‡nivi N nv‡k‡gi

29. bvU‡Ki cÖvY Kx?

K Kvwnwb L msjvc

M PwiÎ N cwi‡ek

30. ÔeywS Zey †hb eywS bvÕ Dw³wU‡Z cÖKvk

†c‡q‡Q nv‡Zg Avwji

K wbey©w×Zv L AmnvqZ¡ M KcUZv N `y‡e©va¨Zv



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 N 2 M 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 M 7 K 8 N 9 L 10 L 11 N 12 L 13 N 14 L 15 N

16 M 17 M 18 L 19 K 20 N 21 N 22 N 23 N 24 L 25 M 26 M 27 N 28 N 29 L 30 L


25 we›`yevwmbx miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq, Uv½vBj mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. ÔnvwejvlÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K cÖej B”Qv L ¸Yvewj M giwg mvabv N fvM¨ 2. †jLK ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì evev RM`‡j

Kuv‡a e›`yK wb‡q †eiæ‡Zb †Kb? K KzKz‡ii f‡q L ev‡Ni f‡q M wkKvi Ki‡Z N WvKv‡Zi f‡q 3. Ôey‡K Pvcv g„‡Zi Av¸bÕ Kvi? K †f‡Zv evOvwji L Abvh© RvwZi M Le©‡`n evOvwji N mvnmx Rbbx evsjvi 4. ÒMícvV †kl K‡iI cvVK Kvwnwbi mgvwß

†Luv‡R e³e¨wU aviY K‡i †h cO&w³ K NUbvi NbNUv L AšÍ‡i AZ…wß i‡e M †QvU cÖvY †QvU e¨_v N bvwn ZË¡, bvwn Dc‡`k 5. KLb Avm‡e Kwe? GLv‡b ÔKweÕ ej‡Z

Kv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y M †kL gywReyi ingvb N iex› ªbv_ VvKzi 6. ÔG‡mwQ evOvwj Rqbyj Avi Aeb VvKzi †_‡K

G PiY evOvwji †Kvb welqwU wb‡`©k K‡i? K msMxZ L wPÎKjv M b„Z¨Kjv N bvU¨Kjv 7. ivbvi m‡e‡M wK‡mi g‡Zv hvq? K wPZvi g‡Zv L nwi‡Yi g‡Zv M Rvnv‡Ri g‡Zv N †RvbvwKi g‡Zv 8. Ôcwoj XvKv m~h©Õ ÔRyZv Avwe®‹viÕ

KweZvq m~h© wK‡m XvKv c‡owQj? K ayjvq L Kzqvkvq M Kv`v R‡j N ayjvi †g‡N 9. ÔwZwb 17B AvM÷, 2006 mv‡j g„ZzëiY

K‡ibÕ| †K wZwb? K Kvgvj †PŠayix L ˆmq` kvgmyj nK M kvgmyi ivngvb N iwdK AvRv` 10. Kwe ÔêVvq jvO‡jÕ nvZ ivL‡Z e‡j‡Qb †Kb? K cik Abyfe Kivi Rb¨ L kc_ †bIqvi Rb¨ M Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ N Kwe‡K Lyu‡R cvIqvi Rb¨ 11. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvd‡ii ÔAvkvÕ KweZvwU

Kwei †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ n‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q? K cÖmbœ kni L êix e„wó‡Z M e„wðK jMœ N gvbe †KŠwkK 12. Ô†QvU wRwb‡mi †gv‡n eo wRwbm nviv‡Z †h

`ytL †eva K‡i bv| †m wb‡Pi †KvbwU bq? K gvbyl L wkwÿZ M ¯vaxb N cÖvYx

DÏxcKwU c‡o 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 7 gv‡P©i fvlY ï‡b M‡R© I‡V K‡jR co–

qv Avey Beªvwng| Suvwc‡q c‡o gyw³hy‡×| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ G‡Ki ci GK †Mwijv Avµg‡Y AwZô cvK †mbviv|

13. DÏxc‡Ki Avey Beªvnx‡gi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv

K gwZDi L KzÏym M Avnv` gywÝ N eyav 14. Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviY n‡jv K cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nv L m‡PZbZv M Zxeª Av‡eM N hy‡× mdj AskMÖnY 15. Ave`yi ingvb cwi‡ewkZ KqwU eiwd

AvOzi †jLK †L‡qwQ‡jb? K †MvU Q‡qK L †MvUv cuv‡PK M †MvUv mv‡ZK N †MvUv Av‡óK 16. ÔKvOvjx Avi cÖv_©bv Kwij bvÕ †Kb? K gv‡K gvwU Pvcv w`‡e e‡j L wbZvšÍ nZvk n‡qwQj e‡j M wbg©g ev¯Í‡ei AwfÁZv n‡qwQj e‡j N Zvi Avi Kv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRb †bB e‡j

DÏxcKwU c‡o 17 I 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : evwo‡Z bv Rvwb‡q †bvqve Avjx †Pqvig¨vb

†e`Lj m¤úwË wdwi‡q Avb‡Z gvgjv K‡ib| gvgjvi LiP †RvMv‡bi Rb¨ wec_ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z wM‡q †kl ch©šÍ wb‡R‡K mvg‡j †bb|

17. DÏxc‡Ki †bvqve Avjxi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h PwiÎwU mv`„k¨c~Y©

K nv‡kg Avwj L nv‡Zg Avwj M nwKKzjøvn N Zv‡niv 18. êwk‡óï Kvi‡Y Dfq PwiÎ mv`„k¨c~Y©

i. KwVb Rxeb cixÿvi m¤§yLxb ii. cx‡ii cÖZviYvi wkKvi iii. wec‡ì gy‡LI ˆbwZKZv eRvq ivLv


19. wmivRD‡ÏŠjv †klev‡ii g‡Zv jovB Kivi Rb¨ WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb wn›`y-gymjgvb Dfq‡K-Dw³wU wb‡`©k K‡i

K evsjv‡`wk RvZxqZv L Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZv M evOvwj RvZxqZv N mvgëvw`Zv 20. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ Kx

ai‡bi mvwnZ¨? K Dcb¨vm L w`bcwÄag©x iPbv M gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ 21. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw` Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

i. AvZ¥gh©v`v‡eva ii. `vwqZ¡kxjZv iii. †mœnevrmj¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M i, ii I iii N i I iii 22. Zv‡nivi j¾v-kig †bB GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? K cicyiæ‡li mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Q L cxi mv‡ne‡K †g‡b †bqwb M cvwj‡q G‡m‡Q N cxi mv‡n‡ei m‡½ ZK© K‡i‡Q

23. ÔZvnviv Zvnv‡ì bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡QÕ Dw³wUi Kvi?

K nv‡Zg Avwji L †Lv‡`Rvi M cxi mv‡n‡ei N nwKKzjøvni 24. Ômxgvnxb K_vi AvL¨vbÕ †Kvb ev‡K¨ cÖKvwkZ? K Pg©‡iv‡Mi Ae¨_© g‡nŠla L evwoi cv‡k MRv‡j weÁiv Lywk nb M I‡ì evwoi M„nKg© wbcyYv j²x eDUvi

wVK GK `kv N evn& Kx my›ì cvZv¸wj 25. Ô`yB †ejv c~‡Y©vì AvnviI huvnvi fv‡M¨

nq bvBÕ GLv‡b Kvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K nhiZ Av‡qkv wmwÏKv L nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) M nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.) N nhiZ Igi (iv.)

DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : hZw`b hvq, `y‡f©vM Zvi ZZB evwoqv hvq, Rxeb cÖ xc wbwfqv Avwm‡Q A¯Í iwei cÖvq| 26. Dc‡ii DÏxc‡Ki cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi K mšÍv‡bi gyg~l©y Ae¯’v L AK…wÎg gvZ…‡mœn M Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi AvKzwZ N †ivMgyw³i AvKzwZ 27. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv fvewU ÔcwjøRbbxÕ

KweZvi †h Pi‡Y we`¨gvb Zv n‡jv K N‡ii Pv‡j‡Z ûZzg WvwK‡Q AKj¨v‡Yi myi gi‡Yi `~Z G‡jv eywS nvq, nuv‡K gvq, `~i-`~i| L bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gv‡b, ìMvq gv‡b `vb,

†Q‡j‡i Zvnvi fv‡jv K‡i `vI Kuv‡` Rbbxi cÖvY| M cv‡k¦© R¡wjqv gvwUi cÖ`xc evZv‡m Rgvq †Lj

Auvav‡ii mv‡_ hywSqv Zvnvi dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q †Zj| N gv †Kej ewm iæMY& †Q‡ji gyL cv‡b AuvwL †g‡j,

fvmv fvmv Zvi hZ K_v †hb mviv cÖvY w`qv †M‡j| 28. Ôc„w_exi GBme Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvjÕ

ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K wf‡R MÜ L †Kvjvnj M cÖK…wZi AdzišÍK †mŠw›`h© N b`xZx‡ii Rxeb 29. ÔfÏi †jv‡KivB n‡q c‡o‡Q nvfvZ

†hvfvZÕ nvfvZ I †hvfvZ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K Afve-AbUb L ytL-`y`©kv M mxgvnxb Kó N †ivM-†kvK 30. ÔZzwg Avgv‡K nvm‡Z gvbv K‡iv bvÕ eyav

G K_v Kv‡K e‡j‡Q? K wgVz L Avwj M kvnveywÏb N dzjKwj



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 K 2 L 3 N 4 L 5 M 6 L 7 L 8 N 9 M 10 K 11 N 12 L 13 N 14 N 15 N

16 M 17 L 18 L 19 L 20 L 21 M 22 M 23 M 24 M 25 L 26 K 27 M 28 M 29 K 30 M


26 biwms`x miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. myfvwlYx bvgwU †K †i‡LwQj?

K wcZv L gvZv

M †evb N fvB

2. cÖg_ †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg †KvbwU?

K wc. †PŠayix L cÙf‚lY

M exiej N exiwmsn

3. Ôme e¨vUviB GLb evgyb-Kv‡qZ n‡Z PvqÕ

AfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í G e³‡e¨ †Kvb fve

dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K weiw³ L †µva

M †ÿvf N we`ªæc

4. Folklore Society Kx?

K weØvb‡ì mfv

L DbœZ mgvR

M cyi‡bv mgvR

N AvaywbK mf¨ mgvR

5. Ôgv NvU †_‡K Av‡mwb †Zv?Õ `yM©vi G K_vq

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q -

K mZK©Zv L Awfgvb

M m‡›`n N fq

6. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ÔwkKoÕ Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

K c‡ivcKvi

L `vwqZ¡kxjZv

M mvsmvwiK eÜb

N Aw¯ÍZ¡

7. wkÿvi Avmj KvR †KvbwU?

K Ávb cwi‡ekb

L g~j¨‡eva m„wó

M DcvR©bÿg Kiv

N ms¯‹…wZgbv Kiv

8. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib?

K 1904 mv‡j L 1910 mv‡j

M 1914 mv‡j N 1920 mv‡j

DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

ÒMvwn mv‡gï Mvb-

gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQy bvB, b‡n wKQy gnxqvb|Ó

9. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb

cÖe‡Üi wgj Luy‡R cvI?

K wbixn evOvwj

L wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡

M cqjv êkvL

N D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab

10. DÏxcK I cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ fveMZ HK¨ n‡jv-

i. mZëvw`Zvq

ii. mvgëvw`Zvq

iii. Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZvq


K i L ii

M i I ii N ii I iii

11. Ômxgvi gv‡S AmxgÕ- K_vwU mvwn‡Zï

†Kvb iƒ‡ci mv‡_ †ewk m½wZc~Y©?

K bvUK L gnvKve¨

M Dcb¨vm N †QvUMí

12. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi

†Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K †Rv‡jLv L jvjgwZ

M b~ibvgv

N Kvievjv I knibvgv

13. Aó‡K Kx _v‡K?

K g~jfve L fv‡ei iƒc‡iLv

M fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv N fv‡ei cwiYwZ

14. Ô †mB c_ jÿ¨ K‡iÕ GLv‡b †Kvb c‡_i

K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K c~e©cyiæl‡ì L exi †hv×v‡ì

M gnvÁvbx‡ì N ag©xq †bZv‡ì

15. bMi En¨ n‡jv †Kb?

K S‡Ui †Pv‡U L ivRvi f‡q

M Kwei f‡q N gš¿xi f‡q

16. Pjvi c‡_ SY©v Kvi †evj mv‡a?

K wUqvi L P‡Kv‡ii

M eyjeywji N kvwj‡Ki

17. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq wkÿYxq w`K †KvbwU?

K mZZvi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä

L ag©xq Ávb jvf

M cia‡g©i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj nIqv

N gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv

18. mv‡ai ¯cœ Kx iKg?

K gayi L †ivgvÂKi

M †mvbvi N `y¨wZgq

19. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq ÔLi

†iŠ`ª RjR evZvmÕ-ejvi KviY Kx?

K cÖPÐ †iv‡` evZvm eq e‡j

L †iŠ`ªZv‡c cÖevwnZ evZv‡m Rjxq ev®ú _vKvq

M †iŠ‡`ª evZvm cÖevwnZ nq bv e‡j

N MÖv‡gi evZvm R‡j c~Y© _v‡K e‡j

20. ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv ÔKv‡jv †auvqvÕ g‡b

nq †Kb?

K †gNv”Qbœ _vKvq

L Afv‡ei Zvobvq

M m~h© bv IVvq

N KjKviLvbvi Kvi‡Y

21. Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb †Kvb †kÖwYi Kwe

wQ‡jb?

K cwjøKwe L bvMwiK Kwe

M gnvKwe N we‡`ªvnx Kwe

22. ÿzwìvg fzjekZ KqRb Bs‡iR gwnjv‡K

nZ¨v K‡ib?

K 2 Rb L 3 Rb

M 4 Rb N 5 Rb

23. Rbmg~‡`ªi †Rvqvi †R‡MwQj †Kv_vq?

K cv‡K©

L †im‡Kvm© D`¨v‡b

M Rv`yN‡i

N dm‡ji gv‡V

24. ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †jL‡Ki Kq fvB-†evb wQj?

K 2 L 3

M 4 N 5

25. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K me©‡kl msjvc Kvi?

K ewncwi L Zv‡niv

M †Lv‡`Rv N nv‡mg

26. ÔAvgvi gv_vi Ici nVvr †hb AvKvk †f‡½

c‡o‡QÕ-ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Dw³wU Kvi?

K Zv‡niv L †Lv‡`Rv

M nv‡kg Avwj N nv‡Zg Avwj

27. Zv‡nivi mv‡_ ewncx‡ii we‡q Kx ev‡i?

K kwbev‡i L †mvgev‡i

M g½jev‡i N ïµev‡i

28. †K eyav‡K ÔQbœQvovÕ bv‡g Wv‡K?

K †bvjK eyqv L nwiKvKz

M AvZvdzcy N nv‡kg wgqv

29. kvnveywÏb Kx‡mi Qwe AvuK‡e?

K hy‡×i L evsjv‡`‡ki

M mvnmx †Q‡ji N gyw³‡hv×vi

30. †K eyav‡K fxZzi wWg e‡j‡Qb?

K KzwšÍ L dzjKwj

M ivwb N †bvjK eyqv

*[we.`ª : mwVK DËi : eyav ivwb‡K e‡jwQj]



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 K 2 M 3 N 4 K 5 K 6 M 7 L 8 K 9 N 10 N 11 N 12 M 13 M 14 M 15 K

16 M 17 N 18 M 19 L 20 L 21 L 22 K 23 L 24 L 25 K 26 N 27 N 28 K 29 M 30 *


27 weqvg j¨ve‡iUwi ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

DÏxcKwU c‡o 1 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avgv‡ì ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡g wPi¯§iYxq n‡q

Av‡Qb gv÷vi`v m~h©‡mb| wZwb 1930 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi A ¿vMvi jyU K‡i weªwUk kvmb eë ’v‡K Kuvwc‡q Zz‡jwQ‡jb| G‡Z weªwUk miKvi Zuv‡K duvwm‡Z Szwj‡q g„Zz¨`Ð †`q|

1. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi Avfvm cvIqv hvq?

K Rvgx L iægx M Kwig N Kw_Kv 2. D³ Pwi‡Î †h êwkó¨wU we`¨gvb

i. msMÖvgx †PZbv ii. aŸsmvZ¥K †PZbv iii. ¯^vwaKvi †PZbv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

3. g~j¨‡eva m„wói Dcvq n‡jv i. Ávb cwi‡ekb ii. PwiÎ wVK Kiv iii. wkwÿZ nIqv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

4. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi KZ©vi bvg Kx? K Aai ivq L ivqevnv yi M AbšÍ ivq N VvKzi`vm 5. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z we`¨vi mvabvq ¸iæi

Ae¯’vb n‡jv K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© L DËimvaK M A_©nxb N mevi E‡aŸ© 6. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü †Kvb fvlvixwZ

eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q? K mvay fvlv L PwjZ fvlv M Dcfvlv N wgkÖ fvlv 7. ÔebdzjÕ Kx Dcvwa jvf K‡ib? K bvBU L exiej M cÙf‚lY N fviZMe© 8. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe ivRv wn‡m‡e

AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb K †`‡ki kvmbKZ©v‡K L mvMi‡K M K‡cvZvÿ b`‡K N mvMiùvwo MÖvg‡K 9. Kwe fRbvj‡qi Øvi fvO‡Z AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb

i. †Pw½m Lvb‡K ii. MRwbi myjZvb gvngy`‡K iii. Kvjvcvnvo‡K

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

10. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq †Kvb cvwLi WvK‡K AKj¨vY ejv n‡q‡Q?

K WvûK L Kvbv Kz‡qv M ev`yo N ûZzg 11. ivRvKvi wQj †K? K wgjb L KzÏym M wmwÏK N wgVz

12. eyav †Kv_vq Ae¯’vb K‡i †mbvevwnbx‡K †`LwQj?

K Mv‡Qi Avov‡j L avb‡L‡Z M evwoi Qv‡` N cvU‡L‡Z

DÏxcKwU c‡o 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU‡Z †gkv‡bv Avgvi cÖv‡Yi

NªvY †MŠiegq Rxe‡bi m¤§vb| 13. DÏxcK I ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ

KweZvq wb‡Pi †Kvb welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K †`‡ki mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv L †`‡ki †mŠ›`‡h© gy»Zv M †`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv N mvaviY gvby‡li cÖwZ ggZ¡ 14. DÏxc‡Ki fvewU ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K

bBÕ KweZvi †Kvb Q‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q? i. †`‡Lv gvwU‡Z Avgvi MÜ ii. Avgvi kix‡i †j‡M Av‡Q GB wmœ»

gvwUi myevm iii. mvg‡b ïay b`xi wKbvi Avgvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡

Muv_v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i I iii

15. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq PvjZvdz‡ji MÜ †Kgb?

K †fRv L big M †muv`v N wgwó 16. gnvKve¨‡K GK K_vq Kx ejv hvq? K Kvwnwb KweZv L ivRKxq Kvwnwb KweZv M `xN© Kvwnwb KweZv N HwZnvwmK KweZv 17. Ôe³vi fv‡ev”Q¡v‡mi cwiùzUb gvÎ hvnvi

D‡Ïk¨, †mB Kve¨B MxwZKve¨Õ Dw³wU K‡ib †K?

K nvqvr gvgy` L ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N iex› ªbv_ VvKzi 18. wZb fvB-†evb †Kv_vq e‡m Mv‡q †iv` gv‡L? K D‡Vv‡bi Nv‡m L N‡ii eviv›`vq M gw›`‡ii PvZv‡j N êVKLvbvq 19. ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv ÔKv‡jv †auvqvÕ g‡b

nq †Kb? K Afv‡ei Zvobvq L †gNv”Qbœ _vKvq M m~h© bv IVvq N KjKviLvbvi Kvi‡Y

DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : hviv Rxe‡bi cmiv ewnqv g„Zzï Øv‡i Øv‡i

Kwi‡Z‡Q wdwi, fxg iYf‚wg cÖvY evwR †i‡L nv‡i|Ó

20. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ †Kvb KweZvi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q? K Avgvi cwiPq L Rxeb-m½xZ M K‡cvZvÿ b` N gvbyl 21. DÏxc‡K KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

i. gvbeRxe‡b g„Zz¨f‡qi †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †bB ii. Rxebhy‡× g„Zz¨ AwbwðZ iii. hy×‡ÿ‡Î cÖvYc‡Y hy× Kiv DwPZ


22. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe G‡m‡Qb †Rvo evsjvi

K gw›ì †ew` †_‡K L †mvbv gmwR` M †eŠ×wenvi N Kgjvi w`wN

DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gvZ…nxbv ggZv eo n‡q‡Q Avjøvnfxiæ

cx‡ii f³ wcZvi ZË¡veav‡b| cÖwZev‡ì fvlv †m Rv‡b bv| e„× weevwnZ †`‡LI †m gyL ey‡R me †g‡b wb‡q‡Q|

23. DÏxc‡Ki ggZvi ga¨ w`‡q ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Kvi K_v †evSv hvq?

K †Lv‡`Rv L Zv‡niv M nwKKzjøvn N nv‡kg Avwj 24. DÏxc‡Ki ggZvi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki

Zv‡nivi wgj cvIqv hvq i. Zv‡niv gvZ…nxb ii. weevwnZ GK e„‡×i mv‡_ Zv‡nivi

we‡q n‡q‡Q iii. Zv‡niv mvnmx I cÖwZev`x

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i I iii

25. Sibvi cvwb wK‡mi is a‡i? K Wv‡ji wPwbi L WvjwPwbi M wPwbi N Kvjmvi 26. gv‡qi gvbZ Kivi gva¨‡g dz‡U D‡V‡Q K gvbZvixwZ L fv‡jvevmv M Av‡eM N ag©xq fvev‡eM 27. †K eyav‡K gyw³i K_v e‡j ¯^vaxb gvbyl

nIqvi ¯^cœ w`‡q‡Q? K †bvjK eyqv L nv‡kg wgqv M PvwP N nwiKvKz 28. cxi mv‡ne Kx Pvj †P‡j‡Qb? K Q°v Pvj L wKw¯Ígvr Kiv Pvj M Mov Pvj N †`v°v Pvj 29. ÔMZvmyÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K g„Z L N„Z M nRg N wM‡j †djv 30. wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq KZ mv‡j

Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K 1891 mv‡j L 1894 mv‡j M 1895 mv‡j N 1915 mv‡j



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 L 2 L 3 N 4 K 5 L 6 K 7 M 8 L 9 N 10 N 11 L 12 L 13 K 14 M 15 L

16 M 17 L 18 M 19 K 20 L 21 M 22 K 23 L 24 M 25 L 26 N 27 M 28 L 29 K 30 L


28 Bÿz M‡elYv D”P we`¨vjq, cvebv mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. myfv gyw³i Avb›` cvq Kvi Kv‡Q? K me©kx I cv½ywj L cÖZvc M iæ ª gnvKvk N wbe©vK cÖK…wZ 2. ÔI Avgv‡ì `y‡ji N‡i Rš§v‡j †Kb|Õ

Dw³wU †K e‡jwQj? K wew›ì wcwm L bvc‡Z †eŠw` M iwmK evN N ivLv‡ji gv 3. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †hme †`‡ki bvg

D‡jøL Av‡Q i. †b`vij¨vÛ ii. wmsnj iii. wj‡_vwbqv


4. ÔDj½ ZievwiÕ ej‡Z †jLK eywS‡q‡Qb K †Lvjv Zievwi L Lvchy³ Zievwi M weivU Zievwi N gwYLwPZ Zievwi 5. ÔGKSuvK bÿÎ †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj

AvKvk †_‡K meyR mvq‡iÕ GLv‡b ÔbÿÎÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q

K wbgMv‡Qi KwP cvZv¸‡jv‡K L wbgMv‡Qi my›ì iƒc‡K M wbgMv‡Qi dz‡ji evnvi‡K N wbgMv‡Qi KwP Wvj¸‡jv‡K

DÏxcKwU c‡o 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôwn›`y bv Iiv gymwjg? IB wRÁv‡m †Kvb& Rb! KvÐvix, ej, Wzwe‡Q gvbyl mšÍvb †gvi gvi|Õ 6. PiY `ywU‡Z †Kvb welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K mv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbv L Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZv M ag©xq †PZbv N AšÍi-†e`bv 7. GB †PZbv jvjb Ki‡j Avgiv cve

i. k„•Ljgyw³ ii. mvgvwRK m¤úÖxwZ iii. gvbegyw³ I mn‡hvwMZv


8. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi iPbv êwkó¨ †KvbwU? K MxwZgqZv L Mv¤¢xh©c~Y© M imMÖvnx N mij 9. ggZvwì †Kvb w`KwU †`‡L evwoi mK‡j

Lywk n‡jb? K Kv‡Ri k„•Ljv L gvwR©Z AvPiY M †LvKvi hZœ †bIqv N ¯ífvlx nIqv

10. cqjv êkvL D`hvc‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì †Kvb †PZbvi gwngv e„w× cv‡e?

K ivR‰bwZK †PZbv L ag©xq †PZbv M ag©wbi‡cÿ †PZbv N A_©‰bwZK †PZbv 11. ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ª Ômv‡jn Avng`Õ

QÙbv‡g †K Lei co‡Zb? K Avjx hv‡Ki L nvmvb Bgvg M AvjgMxi Kwei N Kvgiæj nvmvb 12. g½jKve¨‡K Dcb¨vm ejv hvq bv, KviY

i. Q‡›` iwPZ ZvB ii. M`¨fvlvq wjwLZ bq e‡j iii. ga¨hy‡M iwPZ nIqvq


13. Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg †Kvb kZ‡Ki Kwe? K cÂ`k L lô`k M mß`k N Aó`k 14. Ôg‡š¿i mvab wKsev kixi cvZbÕ GB cÖev`wUi g~jfv‡ei cÖwZdjb Av‡Q

†Kvb Pi‡Y? K msmv‡i-mgiv½‡b hy× Ki `„pc‡Y L Ki hy× exh©evb, hvq hv‡e hvK cÖvY M msKí K‡iQ hvnv, mvab Kin Zvnv N K‡iv bv gvbeMY, e„_v ÿq G Rxeb 15. Pcj cvq †Kej avB, †Kej MvB cixi

Mvb GB Pi‡Y cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q i. Sibvi cÖK…wZ ii. Sibvi wbišÍi Qy‡U Pjv iii. Sibvi PÂjZv


16. ÔAvwkUv eQi †K‡U †Mj, Avwg WvwKwb †Zvgvq Kfz/Avgvi ÿzavi Abœ Zv e‡j eÜ Kiwb cÖfz|Õ KweZvi GB PiYwU‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K K…ZÁZv L Awf‡hvM M †ÿvf N dwiqv` 17. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq ewY©Z dz‡ji

bvg Kx? K †Mvjvc L wkDwj M K`g N PvjZv 18. gvby‡li g‡b GLb kvwšÍ †bB, KviY

i. gvby‡li AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªKZv ii. gvby‡li `vwi`ª¨ iii. my‡Li `yf©vebv


19. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq evZvm wQj †Kgb?

K Zß L wmœ» M †Kvgj N RjR

DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kvevk, evsjv‡`k, G c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q iq, R¡‡j cy‡o g‡i QviLvi, Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq| 20. DÏxc‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©

iPbv †KvbwU? K †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv L ¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jv M mvnmx Rbbx evsjv N Rxeb-m½xZ 21. D³ mv`„‡kï wfwË evOvwji

i. mvnwmKZv ii. msMÖvgx †PZbv iii. †`k‡cÖg


22. 7B gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq g„Zz¨ wb‡q Kviv G‡mwQj?

K Dj½ K…lK L KiæY †Kivwb M †jvnvi kÖwgK N we‡`ªvnx †kÖvZv 23. MYm~‡h©i gÂ Kuvwc‡q Agi KweZvLvwb

†kvbv‡jb i. ivRbxwZi Kwe ii. ¯^vaxbZvi gnvbvqK iii. evsjv‡`‡ki ’cwZ


24. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq cÖK…Z wfZz Kviv?

K cvwK¯Ívwbiv L Bs‡iRiv M evOvwjiv N Avh©iv 25. Muv‡qi †jv‡Kiv eyav‡K Kx bvg w`‡q‡Q? K KvKZvo–qv L gvwbKiZb M QbœQvov N †LvKbevey 26. eyav e½eÜyi 7 gv‡P©i fvlY Kvi evwo e‡m

ï‡bwQj? K kwid PvPvi L nv‡kg wgqvi M dRy wgqvi N Kvby `qv‡ji 27. Ò†Zvgvi m‡½ Avwg †Kb hve? Muv‡q _vK‡e

†K?Ó GB e³‡e¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. †`kvZ¥‡eva ii. mvnm iii. cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nv


28. ÔewncxiÕ bvUK KZ mv‡j XvKv †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq?

K 1960 L 1961 M 1964 N 1965 29. wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ †KvbwU me©v‡cÿv cÖvPxb? K KweZv L Mí M bvUK N Dcb¨vm 30. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cÖ_g msjvc Kvi? K Zv‡nivi L nv‡k‡gi M nv‡Z‡gi N ewncx‡ii



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 N 2 N 3 M 4 K 5 M 6 L 7 N 8 M 9 K 10 M 11 L 12 K 13 M 14 L 15 N

16 K 17 N 18 L 19 N 20 M 21 N 22 L 23 N 24 K 25 K 26 N 27 K 28 K 29 M 30 L


29 B¯úvnvbx cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, Kzwgjøv †mbvwbevm mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. myfv w`‡bi g‡a¨ wbqwgZ KZevi †MvqvjN‡i †hZ?

K `yBevi L wZbevi M Pvievi N cuvPevi 2. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g~jK_v Kx? K mvwnZ¨PP©vi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc L eB covi AvMÖn m„wó Kiv M ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡`k †Ìqv N wkÿvc×wZ cwieZ©b Kiv

3. gv g‡i‡P Z wb‡P †b‡e ùvov Dw³wU‡Z Kx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? i. †kÖwY‰elg¨ ii. wbPz Rv‡Zi cÖwZ N„Yv iii. `vwi‡`ªï cÖwZ Ae‡njv



4. Ôˆggbwmsn MxwZKviÕ gw`bvi wewei †mŠ›`‡h© †K gy» n‡qwQj?

K DBwjqvg _gm L W. `x‡bk P›`ª †mb M W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn N †ivguv †ivjuv

DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kx‡Zi mKv‡j Kzqvkv Pv`‡i †gvov †LRyi

Mv‡Qi Z‡j gvwUi Kj‡m fiv †mB UvUKv ¯^v‡ì i‡m ¸”Q fiv D”Q¡vm Avwg cvB Avg Mv‡Qi Kv‡Q|

5. DÏxc‡K ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K Bw½Z K‡i?

K Acy L `yM©v M nwini N me©Rqv 6. DÏxc‡K ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucy ÕM‡íi †Kvb

w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K cÖK…wZ NwbôZv L Avbw›`Z Rxeb M nZ`wi`ª N wPivqZ ˆkke 7. evwoi cv‡k wbgMvQ MRv‡j weÁiv Lywk nb

†h Kvi‡Y i. wbgMv‡Qi nvIqv fv‡jv ii. wbg GKwU DcKvix MvQ iii. GUv hZœ QvovB †e‡o I‡V



8. ÔivnxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K mvw_ L gymvwdi M c_cÖ`k©K N eÜy 9. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖeÜ MÖš’ †KvbwU? K g„Zz¨ÿzav L QvqvbU M Kz‡nwjKv N hyMevYx

10. nuvUvi Avb›`‡K †jLK wK‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb?

K evK¯^vaxbZvi L gyw³i M gbyl¨‡Z¡i N wkÿvi 11. cÖg_ †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx? K exiej L me¨mvPx M fvbywmsn N ebdzj 12. ÔcÖem eÜyÕ iPbvi cvMgvb cvnv‡oi is Kx? K mv`v L bxj M Kv‡jv N a~mi 13. Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg †Kvb kZ‡Ki Kwe? K cÂ`k L †lvok M mß`k N Aóv`k

14. Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?GLv‡b Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K AmnvqZ¡ L AwbðqZv M ms‡KvP N wein

15. ÔI‡n Rxe Ki AvwKÂbÕGLv‡b AvwKÂb A_© Kx?

K DbœwZ L µ›`b M †Póv Kiv N AvKv•ÿv

16. ÔRyZv Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi g~j DcRxe¨ welq i. KvD‡K Ae‡njv bv Kiv ii. AbwfÁZvi cwiPq iii. mvgvwRK evav-wecwË



17. MRbxi myjZvb gvngy` KZevi fviZel© AvµgY K‡ib?

K mvZ L `k M GMvi N m‡Zi 18. Ô†ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejvÕ MÖš’wU Kvi †jLv? K m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë L Rxebvb›` `vk M hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx N †ngP› ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 19. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq KqwU cvwLi bvg Av‡Q? K 4wU L 5wU M 6wU N 7wU

DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †h ev Avwg euvwa

Zvi Ni| Avcb Kwi‡Z Kuvw`qv †eovB †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q ci|

20. DÏxc‡K ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi mv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K wb‡Ri ÿwZ mvab Kiv L civ‡_© KvR Kiv M kÎæZv †Q‡o †`qv N A‡bï Rb¨ Ni euvav

21. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi Kwei wPšÍvi

HKZvb n‡jv i. cÖwZ‡ekxi cÖwZ eÜy‡Z¡i nvZ cÖmvwiZ Kiv ii. gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevmvq cÖK…Z myL wbwnZ iii. gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ KivB gbyl¨Z¡



22. Rxe‡bi me ivwÎ‡K weËkvjxiv †Kgb `v‡g wK‡b‡Q?

K m¯Ív L Aí M Pov N webv

23. nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq g„Zz¨; †Pv‡L ¯^cœ wb‡q G‡mwQj K kÖwgK L K…lK M ga¨weË N feNy‡i 24. Kwe Kvgvj †PŠayixi Rš§¯’vb †Kv_vq? K Kzwgjøv L h‡kvi M iscyi N w`bvRcyi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ¯^vaxbZv nxbZvq †K euvwP‡Z Pvq †n †K euvwP‡Z Pvq? `vmZ¡ k„•Lj ej †K cvwi‡e cvq †n †K cwi‡e cvq| 25. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb

w`K‡K aviY K‡i? K cvK evwnbxi ZvÐejxjv L gvby‡li fxwZ M ¯vaxbZvi Kvgbv N ¯vaxbZvi D‡cÿv 26. DÏxcK I ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi

cÖvmw½K w`K †KvbwU? K ¯‡`k‡cÖg L ¯v_©ciZv M ¯vRvZ¨‡eva N AvZ¥Z¨vM 27. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖKvkKvj K 1994 mv‡j L 1996 mv‡j M 1997 mv‡j N 2004 mv‡j 28. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cÖ_g msjvcwU Kvi? K nv‡k‡gi L nv‡Z‡gi M Zv‡nivi N Kv‡k‡gi 29. KZ eQi Av‡M ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x gviv

hvq? K `k eQi L ev‡iv eQi M †Z‡iv eQi N †PŠÏ eQi 30. Ava †kvqv Ae ’vq MvjMí K‡i

i. nwKKzjøvn I PvKiwU ii. PvKiwU iii. gvwS `yÕR‡b





Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 L 2 K 3 N 4 N 5 L 6 N 7 K 8 L 9 N 10 L 11 K 12 L 13 M 14 L 15 M

16 K 17 N 18 L 19 K 20 L 21 N 22 L 23 M 24 K 25 M 26 N 27 L 28 K 29 N 30 M


30 Kzwgjøv wkÿv‡evW© miKvwi g‡Wj K‡jR mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. ÔM„n¯’ N‡ii †g‡qwUi g‡ZvÕ GB Dcgv Øviv

Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K myfv‡ì MÖv‡gi b`xwUi DcKvwiZv

L myfv‡ì MÖv‡gi b`xwUi †mŠ›`h©

M myfv‡ì MÖv‡gi b`xwUi ¯^í ˆ`N©¨

N myfv‡ì MÖv‡gi b`xwUi Kg©ÿgZv

2. cÖg_ †PŠayix m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi bvg Kx?

K mgvPvi `c©Y L bxjbKkv

M meyRcÎ N evsjv‡M‡RU

3. Ôme †eUvivB GLb evgyb-Kv‡qZ n‡Z

PvqÕÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í G e³‡e¨ †Kvb

fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K weiw³ L †µva

M †ÿvf N we ªæc

4. KvOvjxi gv eû w`b KvOvjx‡K duvwK

w`‡q‡Qb hv e‡j

K fvZ †bB L wL‡` †bB

M UvKv †bB N Mí Rv‡b bv

5. cÖPzi †`Lv I †kvbvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z

AwfÁZv‡K Kx e‡j?

K bxwZwe`¨v L imvqb kv¯¿

M †dvK‡jvi N f‚‡qv`k©b

6. cwjøgv‡qi k¦vkZ iƒc dz‡U D‡V‡Q ÔAvg

AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Î?

K `yM©v L bxjgwY

M ¯Y© †Mvqvwjbx N me©Rqv

DÏxcKwU co Ges 7 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

†Zvgv‡i †mwe‡Z nBj hviv gRyi, gy‡U I Kzwj

†Zvgv‡i †mwe‡Z hviv cweÎ A‡½ jvMvj a~wj

ZvivB gvbyl ZvivB †èZv, Mvwn Zvnv‡ì Mvb

Zv‡`wi e‡ÿ cv †d‡j Av‡m be be

DÌvb|

7. DÏxcKwU †Kvb iPbvwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?

K gvbyl

L GKvË‡ii w`b¸‡jv

M AfvMxi ¯M©

N D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab

8. †Kvb cwÎKvq ebdzj e¨½-KweZv I

c¨v‡iwW wj‡L‡Qb?

K kwbev‡ii wPwV L cÖevmx

M ZË¡‡evwabx N msev` cÖfvKi

9. wkÿvi Avmj KvR Kx?

K ¯wkwÿZ Kiv L Avb›` `vb

M Ávb AvniY N g~j¨‡eva m„wó

10. Rxe‡bi LÐvsk mvwn‡Zï †Kvb kvLvq

cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?

K KweZv L Dcb¨vm

M bvUK N †QvUMí

11. wbgMvQ I evwoi j²x weDwUi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨

K †kK‡o L D‡cÿvq

M wbinsKvi N AvZ¥Z¨v‡M

12. ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K cÖPvwiZ

Kw_Kvi bvg Kx?

K `ye©vi L PigcÎ

M QvocÎ N yR©q

13. ÔgvZvwcZvgn µ‡g e‡½Z emwZÕ-GLv‡b

Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K wee„wZ L Av‡`k

M Dc‡`k N †`k‡cÖg

14. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Ô†mœ‡ni Z…òvÕ

K_vwU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Kwei

K ¯RvwZcÖxwZ L mšÍvbevrmj¨

M gvZ…fvlvcÖxwZ N ¯§„wZKvZiZv

15. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq Ôcixi MvbÕ ej‡Z Kx

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K wbiew”Qbœ MwZ

L ¯^cœ‡jv‡Ki Qwe

M bv›`wbK †mŠ›`h©

N k¼vnxb wPË

O kÖv‡×i Av‡qvRb Kivq

16. ÔK‡iv bv my‡Li Avk, c‡ivbv `y‡Li duvm|

GLv‡b Ômy‡Li AvkÕ ej‡Z eySv‡bv

n‡q‡Q

K AwaKvi L †jvf

M nZvkv N †gvn

17. ÔgvwUi f‡q ivR¨ n‡e gvwUÕ cOw³wU‡Z

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

K ivR¨ ayjvq f‡i hvIqv

L cwiKíbv †f‡¯Í hvIqv

M mfvm`‡ì KvR cÐ nIqv

N ivR¨ APj nIqv

18. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †Pw½m Lvb‡K wK‡mi

cÖZxK fvev n‡q‡Q?

K cÖwZev‡ì L Kj¨v‡Yi

M wePvi‡Ki N aŸs‡mi

19. Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq cÖKvk

†c‡q‡Q

K mgq Aaiv L cÖK…wZ wPišÍb

M Rxeb Pjgvb N ¯^cœ Amxg

20. weiwnYx WvK WvwK‡Z‡Q Szwi Swi GLv‡b

†Kvb cvwLi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K kvwjK L KvbvKz‡qv

M WvûK N ûZzg

21. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB KweZvq †Kvb

gv‡mi av‡bi gÄwi‡K Kwe mvÿx

†i‡L‡Qb?

K AMÖnvqY L ˆPÎ

M gvN N KvwZ©K

22. ivbvi †Kvb †kÖwYi †jv‡Ki cÖwZwbwa?

K awbK L ga¨weË

M kÖgRxex N wb¤œweË

23. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ

KweZvwU

K AvnŸvbg~jK L cÖkvwšÍg~jK

M DÏxcbvg~jK N RvMiYg~jK

24. evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv

n‡q‡Q

K RvZxqZvev` L Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZv

M ¯v‡`wkKZv N mvgªvRëv`

25. Mv‡qi †jv‡Kiv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g Wv‡K?

K KvKZvo–qv L QbœQvov

M Rqevsjv N gvwbK iZb

26. Ô†mvbvi NiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K AvkÖq¯’j L AvkÖ‡qi msKU

M GKvwKZ¡ N AvkÖqnxb

27. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m dzjKwji cwiPq

Kx? K Kv‡Ri †g‡q L Avnv` gywÝi †g‡q M eyavi †evb N †bvjK eyqvi †g‡q 28. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K AšÍwb©wnZ Zvrch© dzwU‡q

†Zvjv n‡q‡Q †KvbwUi gva¨‡g? K nvmï‡mi gva¨‡g L mnR-mijfv‡e M e¨½vZ¥Kfv‡e N Mfxi Rxeb‡ev‡ai gva¨‡g 29. ÔM~pZË¡Õ ej‡Z cximv‡ne Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? K `y‡e©va¨ †Kvb e¨vcvi L AcÖKvwkZ †Kvb e¨vcvi M cÖ”Qbœ †Kvb e¨vcvi N GKvšÍ †Kvb e¨vcvi 30. bvU‡Ki cÖavb Aej¤^b Kx? K PwiÎ L „k¨ M Kvwnwb N msjvc



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 M 2 M 3 N 4 L 5 N 6 N 7 M 8 K 9 N 10 N 11 L 12 L 13 N 14 N 15 L

16 N 17 N 18 N 19 L 20 M 21 N 22 M 23 K 24 L 25 K 26 K 27 K 28 N 29 M 30 K


31 Abœ`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, eªvþYevwoqv mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. evYxK‡Éi evwoi †h w`KwU †bŠKvevnx‡ì AvKl©Y KiZ? i. †mŠ›`h© ii. †RŠjym iii. m”QjZv


DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wkIi mvK‡mm †KvwPs †m›Uv‡i covb Rbve

†KivgZ Avwj| GKw`b wZwb `kg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡ì e‡jb, †Zvgiv AvMvgxKvj 2wU iPbv I 2wU fvem¤cÖmviY †ZvZv cvwLi g‡Zv gyL ’ K‡i Avm‡e Ges Avwg †Zvgv‡ì wjL‡Z †è|

2. †KivgZ Avjxi gvbwmKZvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q ÔeBcovÕ cÖe‡Üi

K GK †kÖwYi gvZ…Kz‡ji L nvmcvZv‡ji wPwKrmK‡ì M †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸iæ‡ì N ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri wkÿK‡ì 3. D³ gvbwmKZvi weiæ‡× ÔeBcovÕ cÖe‡Ü

cÖvewÜ‡Ki e³e¨ n‡jv i. wb‡Ri AwfgZ we`¨v wb‡R AR©b

Ki‡Z n‡e ii. cÖMwZkxj mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Zvj wgjvevi

Rb¨ mvwnZ¨PP©v ìKvi iii. ¯^wkwÿZ nIqvi Rb¨ eBcov cÖ‡qvRb


4. wcRiv †cv‡ji Avmvgxi b¨vq Kx c‡o Av‡Q? K Kv‡Vi †Nvov L Lvcov M bvUvdj N wU‡bi euvwk 5. gnvbwe (m.) Gi jjvU KzwÂZ n‡jv †Kb? K kÎæi cÖ¯ÍivNv‡Z L Kvwdi‡ì MvwjMvjv‡R M e³…Zvq evav †c‡q N kvixwiK Amy ’Zvq 6. †Kvb †jL‡Ki Rš§ mvj Avjv`v? K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx M Rxebvb›` `vk N ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq 7. ÒKvi †Mvqv‡j †K †`q †auvqv|Ó †jLK

Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S Kx †`‡L G K_v e‡j‡Qb?

K AvšÍwiKZvi evovevwo L †fvRb wejv‡mi cwiPq M Áv‡bi eni N kw³gËvi cwiPq 8. Ò†m †hb Qvqvgqx gvbexÓ ggZvw` M‡íi

G Dw³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. Awfgvb ii. Av‡ÿc iii. we`ªæc


9. KLb G †`‡ki RbM‡Yi wP‡Ë beel© cvj‡bi g‡a¨ ¯^v‡`wkKZv I RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U?

K Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© L wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡_© M Dbwesk kZvãxi †klv‡a© N wesk kZvãxi cÖv°v‡j 10. Òiægx‡K Ab¨fv‡e †ei K‡i Avbvi hZ

iKg †Póv Av‡Q, me Kiv n‡e|Ó G Ab¨fv‡e n‡Z cv‡i i. gvwm© wcwUkb ii. †Mwijv ZrciZv iii. Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii

11. 'Farce' Gi cwifvlv Kx? K MxwZbvU¨ L b„Z¨bvU¨ M PwiZ bvUK N cÖnmb 12. RM`‡j _vKvKvjxb †jLK Kx‡mi gnvb›`

Dc‡fvM K‡iwQ‡jb? K gyw³i L fw³i M my¯’Zvi N wkÿvi DÏxcKwU c‡o 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ò†cŠ‡li KvQvKvwQ †iv` gvLv †mB w`b wd‡i Avi Avm‡e wK KL‡bv?Ó 13. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU

DÏxc‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K AvZ¥wb‡e`b L †`k‡cÖg M ¯§„wZKvZiZv N cÖK…wZ‡cÖg 14. DÏxc‡Ki g~j e³e¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y

dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡j L Avi wK n‡e †`Lv? hZw`b hv‡e M jB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i m½x‡Z N RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b 15. hw` bv ayjv jvwM‡e Ze cvq, cv‡qi ayjv cvBe

Kx Dcv‡q? gš¿xi K_vq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. PZziZv ii. AKg©Y¨Zv iii. ARynvZ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii

16. ÔkvwjK ïK eyjvq gyLÕ-Gi c‡ii PiY †KvbwU? K wUjvi Mvq Wvwjg dvU L _j-SuvwSi gLg‡j M A½ †gvi Sjg‡j N wejvB Zvb Zij †køvK 17. c„w_ex‡Z †KvbwU Avi Si‡e Kx bv †f‡e

Kwe Av‡ÿc K‡i‡Qb? K †mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mva L wkwki †fRv PvjZv dzj M j²x‡cuPvi g½jevZ©v N gvby‡li ¯cœ-mv‡ai myi 18. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq KqwU cvwLi bvg Av‡Q? K 5wU L 7wU M 4wU N 6wU

19. gvby‡li Avqy K‡g hvIqvi KviY Kx? K weË-my‡Li `yf©vebv L abx nIqvi wPšÍv M `wi`ªZv N eqm e„w× cvIqv 20. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ I ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ Dfq

KweZvq DwjøwLZ welq/welq¸‡jv n‡jv i. †RvbvwK ii. RjR evZvm iii. euvkeb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i I iii

21. ÔG †evSv Uvbvi w`b K‡e †kl n‡eÕ Dw³wUi gv‡S cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. †ÿvf ii. AembœZv iii. we‡`ªvn


22. KzKziwU cÖfzi ev¯‘wfUvi †Kv_vq ùvwo‡q AvZ©bv` Kij?

K fMœ Í~‡c L jv‡ki Dc‡i M D`vm `vIqvq N †kl cÖv‡šÍ 23. ˆmq` kvgmyj nK †cQ‡b Kx †d‡j

G‡m‡Qb e‡j KweZvq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? K ¯§„wZwPý L weiwZwPý M exRgš¿ N PiYwPý 24. Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y iwPZ †QvUMí MÖš’ †KvbwU? K evev hLb †QvU wQ‡jb L cÂvk mnmª el© M Avcb `‡ji gvbyl N Kv‡jv †g‡Ni †fjv 25. wbixÿvag©x Dcb¨v‡m †Kvb welqwU cÖvavb¨ cvq? K fvlv ev ejvi fw½ L Mí ev Kvwnwb M msjvc N Pwi‡Îi Awfe¨w³ 26. Ò†Zvi mvg‡b Lvivc w`b Av‡Q eyavÓ

Dw³wU Kvi? K Avnv` gywÝ L kvnveywÏb M dzjKwj N gwZDi 27. Ò†jv‡K RvbyK †h Avwg ¯^vaxbZvi hy‡×

kwn` n‡qwQÓ Dw³wU Kvi? K eyavi L Avwji M wgVzi N kvnveywÏ‡bi 28. Ôg‡b n‡”Q, bZzb GB Rxe‡bi ¯^v`

†c‡qwQÕ Dw³wU Kvi? K Zv‡nivi L nv‡Zg Avwji M ewncx‡ii N nv‡k‡gi 29. Ôg~j KvwUqv †dwj‡j e„ÿ ùvov‡ZB cv‡i bvÕ

msjvcwU‡Z Kvi Ae¯’v cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K Zv‡nivi L †Lv‡`Rvi M nv‡Zg Avwji N ewncx‡ii 30. ÔAvwg Gfv‡e UvKv wb‡Z cvie bv| hvq hvK

Rwg`vwi|Õ G e³‡e¨ Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K e¨w³Z¡ L AvZ¥gh©v`v M gvbweK g~j¨‡eva N b¨vq‡eva



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 M 2 N 3 N 4 K 5 M 6 L 7 K 8 K 9 M 10 L 11 N 12 K 13 M 14 L 15 N

16 L 17 K 18 M 19 K 20 N 21 K 22 K 23 N 24 M 25 K 26 N 27 K 28 L 29 M 30 M


32 Avj-Avwgb GKv‡Wgx ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Puv`cyi mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. cÖZv‡ci cÖavb kL wQj †KvbwU?

K †eov‡bv

L †Ljvayjv

M wQc w`‡q gvQ aiv

N eB cov

2. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü wb‡Pi †Kvb eëmv‡qi

K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K AvBb L wkí

M KvMR N K…wl

3. †m †hb GKUv Drme evwaqv †Mj GLv‡b

†Kvb Drm‡e K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K kÖv‡×i L eªvþY †fv‡Ri

M kehvÎvi N we‡qi

4. cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi cÖL¨vZ gwnjv †R¨vwZlx

†K?

K gw`bv wewe L †ivguv-†ivjuv

M wemgvK© N Lbv

5. me©Rqvi g‡b msmvi Z¨v‡Mi B”Qv Rv‡M

†Kb?

K Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y

L Avb‡›`

M Awek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y

N Am‡šÍv‡li Kvi‡Y

6. û`vqweqvi Kx?

K bMix L hy×‡ÿÎ

M mwÜcÎ N De©i Rwg

7. ebdzj †Kv_vq g„ZzëiY K‡ib?

K XvKvq L PÆMÖv‡g

M KjKvZvq N KivwP‡Z

8. Avgiv Kv‡ì D‡cÿv K‡i P‡jwQ?

K †gnbwZ gvby‡li

L cÖYg¨ e¨w³‡ì

M kÖ‡×q‡ì

N cÖÁvevb‡ì

9. †jv‡fi d‡j gvby‡li g„Zz¨ N‡U †Kvb

cÖKv‡ii g„Zz¨?

K RvMwZK L AvwZ¥K

M gvbwmK N kvixwiK

10. ggZvwì ci‡bi kvwowU †Kgb wQj?

K weeY© meyR L weeY© bxj

M weeY© njy` N weeY© jvj

11. Kexi †PŠayix Aa¨qb K‡ib

i. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

ii. K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv wek¦we`¨vjq

iii. wg‡b‡mvUv wek¦we`¨vjq


K i I ii L i I iii


12. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi evMv‡b wQj

i. wcm

ii. ewb wcÖÝ

iii. Gbv nvK©‡bm


K i I ii L i I iii


13. Ave`yj nvwKg †Kvb hy‡Mi Kwe?

K cÖvPxb hy‡Mi L AvaywbK hy‡Mi

M ga¨hy‡Mi N AZ¨vaywbK hy‡Mi

14. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi g~j myi Kx?

K cÖK…wZ‡cÖg L ¯§„wZKvZiZv

M Avb›` N wbmM© e›`bv

15. Kwe `„pcv‡Y hy× Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb

i. msmv‡i

ii. mgiv½‡b

iii. kÎæi mv‡_


K i I ii L i I iii


16. P›`ªgvq †K Pvq?

K eyjeywj L kvwjK

M P‡Kvi N dwUK Rj

17. ÔwkDwjgvjvÕ bRiæ‡ji Kx ai‡bi iPbv?

K bvUK L MíMÖš’

M Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ

18. Ô†ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejvÕ MÖš’wU Kvi †jLv?

K m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë

L Rxebvb›` `vk

M hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx

N †ngP› ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq

19. †Q‡j †KuvP f‡i Kx wb‡q G‡mwQj?

K mycvwi L PvjZv

M †e_yj N AvZv

20. gvbyl µgk †Kgb n‡q DV‡Q?

K †Kvjvnjc~Y© L RwUj

M AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK N myLx

21. wbwk›`vi Qvqv wK‡mi Pv`‡i XvKv?

K †g‡Ni L †iv‡ì

M †R¨vrmœvi N Av‡jvi

22. ivbvi Kvi g‡Zv K‡i c_ P‡j?

K nwi‡Yi L Li‡Mv‡ki

M ev‡Ni N wms‡ni

23. LvÐe`vnb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

K LÐ`vn L Av¸‡bi wkLv

M fxlY AwMœKvÐ N e„wó

24. Ôb~ij`x‡bi mviv RxebÕ Kvi iwPZ?

K gybxi †PŠayixi

L Kwei †PŠayixi

M ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki

N Kwe¸iæi

25. gi‡Yi K_v g‡b Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bv

Dw³wU Kvi?

K KzwšÍi L eyavi

M wgVzi N wZbyi

26. dzjKwj eyav‡K Kx e‡j Wv‡K?

K gvwbK iZb L KvKZvo–qv

M e½eÜy N hy×

27. Dcb¨v‡mi wØZxq Dcv`vb Kx?

K `„k¨ L fvlv

M Kvwnwb N PwiÎ

28. nv‡Zg Avwji eqm KZ?

K cÖvq lvU L cÖvq cÂvk

M mËi N Avwk

29. S‡oi iv‡Z †K `yN©Ubvi wkKvi nq?

K nv‡kg Avwj L nv‡Zg Avwj

M evwncxi N †Lv‡`Rv

30. nv‡kg Avwj

i. hyw³ev`x

ii. AvaywbK

iii. AvcvZ Aw¯’i


K i I ii L i I iii




Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 M 2 K 3 M 4 N 5 K 6 L 7 M 8 K 9 L 10 N 11 N 12 N 13 M 14 L 15 K

16 M 17 L 18 L 19 M 20 M 21 M 22 K 23 M 24 M 25 K 26 N 27 N 28 L 29 M 30 N


33 kvnRvjvj Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. ÿzrwccvmv wgUv‡bv wkÿvi †Kvb w`K? K cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K L cy‡iv w`K M AcÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K N AvswkK w`K 2. ÔbÿÎ †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj AvKvk †_‡K

meyR mvq‡iÕ GLv‡b ÔbÿÎÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K wbgMv‡Qi cvZv‡K L wbgMv‡Qi dj‡K M wbgMv‡Qi dzj‡K N wbgMv‡Qi Qvj‡K 3. ggZvwì evwo †Kvb †j‡b? K wniš§q L g„š§q M Rxebgq N cvovZjx 4. Ôiægx‡K Ab¨fv‡e †ei K‡i Avbvi hZ

iKg †Póv Av‡Q, me Kiv n‡e, G ÔAb¨fv‡eÕ n‡Z cv‡i i. gvwm©-wcwUkb ii. †Mwijv ZrciZv iii. Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv


5. K¬vwm‡Kj bvU‡Ki evsjv cwifvlv †KvbwU? K Kveäg©x bvUK L PwiZ bvUK M mvs‡KwZK bvUK N aªæc`x bvUK 6. RM`‡j eb †_‡K Kx AvmZ? K wewPÎ cvwL L wewPÎ kã M wewPÎ cï N wewPÎ mvc 7. û`vqweqvi mwÜwU wQj nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)

Gi K ag©xq †PZbvi cÖZxK L ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zvi cwiPvqK M ag©wbi‡cÿZvi cwiPvqK N D`vi gvbwmKZvi cwiPvqK 8. Òiwaiv³Ó ej‡Z †evSvq

i. i³v³ ii. i³iwÄZ iii. i³k~b¨


9. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü ÔAšÍwb©wnZ kw³Õ ej‡Z †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?

K m¤¢vebvgq myß kw³ L gnr Ávb AR©b M AvZ¥vi Ag„Z N gvbwmK weKvk 10. cÖK…wZ I gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Awfbœ m¤ú‡K©i

iƒcKvi †K? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L kirP› ª P‡Ævcva¨vq M wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq N gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 11. †kÖwY wePv‡i ÔmyfvÕ †Kvb †kÖwYi M‡íi AšÍf©y³? K igïPbv L gb ÍvwË¡K M nvmïmvZ¥K N e¨½imvZ¥K

12. Òw`‡bi †g‡N avb, iv‡Zi †g‡N evbÓ D×…Zvs‡ki mv‡_ cwjømvwnZ¨ cÖe‡Üi †KvbwUi wgj i‡q‡Q?

K cÖevèvK¨ L WvK M Qov mvwnZ¨ N Lbvi ePb 13. ÔZviv Rv‡b Avwg †Kv‡bv AvZ¥xq bBÕ G

Pi‡Y Kwe Kv‡ì K_v e‡j‡Qb? K Li‡iŠ`ª, RjR evZvm L wbwk›`vi Qvqv, wPij cvZv M RjR evZvm, Ujgj wkwki N av‡bi gÄwi, meyR gvV 14. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ÔbZzb LeiÕ ej‡Z Kwe

Kx Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? K ARvbv msev` L cwieZ©‡bi msev` M me©‡kl msev` N wewUwfi msev` 15. Ônv‡Zi gy‡Vvq g„Zz¨Õ evK¨wUi g‡a¨ Kx

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K g„Zzï Rb¨ msMÖv‡g †hvM †`qv L g„Zz¨‡K nv‡Z wb‡q Avmv M Rxeb wemR©‡bi gvbwmKZv N hy‡× Suvwc‡q cov

DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wgRvb mv‡ne wgwói c¨v‡KU wb‡q wi·vq

evwo †divi c‡_ hvbR‡U AvU‡K †Mj, GKwU ÿzavZ© c_wkï Zvi Kv‡Q UvKv Pvq, wZwb Zv‡K `yi `yi K‡i Zvwo‡q †`b|

16. DÏxc‡Ki wgRvb mv‡n‡ei AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© Dw³wU n‡jv

K fzLvwi wdwiqv P‡j L †Mv¯Í-iæwU wb‡q gmwR‡` w`j Zvjv M gi †Mv-fvMv‡o wM‡q N mnmv eÜ n‡jv gw›ì 17. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwei g‡Z, wgRvb

mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv gvby‡liv i. ¯^v_©ci ii. AnsKvix iii. AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK


18. Ò†mw`‡bv †`wL‡e ¯^cœÓ GLv‡b Kvi ¯^cœ †`Lvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K b`xi L gvby‡li M j²x‡cuPvi N PvjZvdz‡ji 19. gw›`‡ii ìRv Ly‡j cy‡ivwnZ Kv‡K †`L‡Z

†cj? K ivRv‡K L c~Rvwi‡K M †èZv‡K N fzLv‡K

20. wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi †Kv_vq Rš§MÖnY

K‡ib?

K ivRkvnx‡Z L Lyjbvq

M dwi`cy‡i N ewikv‡j

21. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †K Av‡jv †`q?

K †RvbvwK L jÉb

M Puv` N Zviv

22. m‡bU RvZxq KweZvi RbK ev cÖeZ©K †K?

K wg›Ub L †cÎvK©

M †k·wcqvi N †R, †R, ivDwjs

23. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY

K‡ib?

K 1835 L 1836

M 1837 N 1838

24. Ò†gN †`‡L †KD Kwim‡b fq Avov‡j Zvi

m~h© nv‡m|Ó KweZvs‡k †Kvb KweZvi

g~jfve‡K cÖKvk K‡i?

K Rxeb-m½xZ L gvbyl

M K‡cvZvÿ b` N Avgvi cwiPq

25. bvU‡K mvaviYZ KqwU Dcv`vb _v‡K?

K 2wU L 3wU

M 4wU N 5wU

26. nv‡Zg Avjxi eRiv‡Z KqwU Kvgiv wQj?

K 1wU L 2wU

M 3wU N 4wU

27. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †h welqwU cwijwÿZ nq

i. eûweevn

ii. †`k‡cÖg

iii. Kzms¯‹vi


K i L ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

28. Ògi‡Yi K_v g‡b Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq

bvÓ K_vwU †K e‡j‡Qb?

K eyav L kvnveywÏb

M dzjKwj N KzwšÍ

29. Òg‡b nq ZzB Avgvi gyiweŸÓ Kvi Dw³?

K nwiKvKzi L eyavi PvwPi

M eyavi gv‡qi N †bvjK eveyi

30. K¨v‡¤ú hvIqvi mgq eyavi †cqviv msMÖn

Kivi KviY

i. wgwjUvwii m‡½ fve Rgv‡bvi Rb¨

ii. wgwjUvwii †mev Kivi Rb¨

iii. †iwK Ki‡Z myweav Av`v‡qi Rb¨


K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 K 2 M 3 M 4 L 5 N 6 L 7 L 8 M 9 K 10 M 11 L 12 N 13 K 14 L 15 M

16 M 17 L 18 K 19 N 20 L 21 K 22 L 23 N 24 K 25 M 26 L 27 M 28 N 29 L 30 L


34 Avjx AvgRv` miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, †gŠjfxevRvi mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. cÖvewÜK eB cov‡K gvby‡li Rxe‡b me©‡kÖô kL e‡j‡Qb †Kb?

K AvwZ¥K weKvk nq e‡j L we‡bv`b nq e‡j M Z…wß cvIqv hvq e‡j N Ávbjvf nq e‡j 2. wef‚wZf‚lY iwPZ MíMÖš’ †KvbwU? K c‡_i cuvPvjx L AcivwRZv M AviY¨K N †gŠwidzj 3. Avi GKwU cÖvYx GKUz `~‡i _vwKqv GB

`‡ji m½x nBj †K? K KvOvjx L KvOvjxi gv M iwmK `y‡j N Ck¦i bvwcZ 4. me e¨vUvivB GLb evgyb-Kv‡qZ n‡Z Pvq-

AfvMxi ¯^M© M‡í G e³‡e¨ †Kvb fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K weiw³ L †µva M †ÿvf N we`ªƒc 5. Ôe¨vUv‡K Mjvav°v w`‡q evi K‡i †`ÔZÕ

Aai iv‡qi G Dw³‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q K D‡cÿv L Zvw”Qj¨ M weiw³ N Dcnvm 6. †h RvwZ g‡b eo bq, †m RvwZ Áv‡bI eo

bq GwU Kvi Dw³? K cÖg_ †PŠayix L nvqvr gvngy` M ûgvqyb AvRv` N †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Wvbwc‡U †Q‡ji g‡Zv QzU‡Q GLv‡b ILv‡b

Kzwo‡q‡Q Avg, †f‡O‡Q Wvj, †L‡q‡Q Kvbgjv, Zey Mv‡Qi mv‡_, cvwbi mv‡_ mL¨, K_v ejv Zvi _v‡gwb KL‡bv| wbmM© †_‡K jy‡d‡Q Rxeb| Kx †h ¯v` Rxe‡bi|

7. DÏxc‡Ki †Q‡jwUi m‡½ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ iPbvi Kvi m‡½ wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq?

K Acy L `yM©v M me©Rqv N cUwj 8. DÏxc‡Ki †Q‡jwUi m‡½ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ

iPbvq PwiÎwU‡K evwoi †jv‡Kiv Kx K‡i‡Q? K Avì K‡i‡Q L kvmb K‡i‡Q M fq K‡i‡Q N †g‡i †g‡i i³v³ K‡i‡Q 9. D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab cÖe‡Ü Kx aŸwbZ

n‡q‡Q? K H‡Kï AvnŸvb L we‡`ªv‡ni AvnŸvb M jovB‡qi AvnŸvb N åvZ…‡Z¡i AvnŸvb 10. ggZvwì N‡i wK‡mi Avmv hvIqv

G‡Kev‡i Am¤¢e? K Av‡jvi L myM‡Üi M evZv‡mi N Zv‡ci 11. cqjv êkvL D`hvc‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì

†Kvb †PZbvi gwngv e„w× cv‡e? K ivR‰bwZK †PZbv L agx©q †PZbv M agx©q wbi‡cÿ †PZbv N A_©‰bwZK †PZbv 12. Rvnvbviv Bgvg XvKvi †Kvb ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb

wkÿK wQ‡jb? K wm‡×k¦ix Mvj©m L wfKviæ‡bœQv b~b M D`qb ¯‹zj N AvwRgcyi Mvj©m

13. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvwU iPbvKv‡j Kwe †Kvb †`‡k wQ‡jb?

K d«v‡Ý L fvi‡Z M BZvwj‡Z N Bsj¨v‡Û 14. Kve¨ †ÿ‡Î gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi D‡jøL‡hvM¨

Ae`vb n‡jv i. m‡bU cÖeZ©b ii. AwgÎvÿi Q›` cÖeZ©b iii. mv_©K gnvKve¨ iPbv


DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kwid mv‡ne g‡b K‡ib c„w_ex‡Z Rš§

†bIqvi †Kv‡bv A_© †bB| GB c„w_ex, gvbyl mewKQz †hb ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv| GgbwK cwievi, Rb KvD‡K Zvi Avcb g‡b nq bv|

15. DÏxc‡Ki mygb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ Rxeb-m½xZ KweZvi †h Abyf‚wZi mv`„k¨ cwijwÿZ nq i. nZvkvi ii. Avb‡›ì iii. Avkvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 16. D³ fvebv Rxeb-m½xZ KweZvi †Kvb

cOw³‡Z cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K AvgivI ne eiYxq L AvgivI ne †h Agi M G Rxeb wbkvi ¯^cb N e„_v ÿq G Rxeb 17. ÔPcj cvq †Kej avBÕ G e³‡e¨ dz‡U

D‡V‡Q Sibvi K †mŠ›`h©cÖxwZ L cÖK…wZ‡PZbv M MwZgqZv N k¼vnxbZv 18. gvbyl KweZvq Kwe Kvi †P‡q eo wKQz †bB

e‡j‡Qb? K a‡g©i L gvby‡li M †Mv‡Îi N e‡Y©i 19. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi gg©v_© aiv c‡o‡Q wb‡Pi

†Kvb cO&w³‡Z? i. mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB ii. gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQz bvB b‡n wKQz gwnqvb iii. †Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÐ Mv‡n ¯^v‡_©i Mvb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 20. Avwg P‡j hve e‡j †mB w`b GB gvV

KweZvi evK¨wU‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K Awfgvb L †µva M Hk¦wiK †eva N g„Zz¨ †PZbv DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

Avgvi †`‡ki gvwUi M‡Ü f‡i Av‡Q mvivgb,

k¨vgj †Kvgj cik Qvov †h †bB †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb|

21. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi †Kvb fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K Rwg‡bi M‡Ü wei³ nIqv L †`‡ki gvwUi M‡Ü gb f‡i M cÖK…wZi iƒ‡ci †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB N Muv‡qi k¨vgj eiY iƒc †bB

22. GB dz‡U IVv w`KwU n‡jv i. kix‡i gvwUi myevm †j‡M _vKv ii. gvwU‡Z Kwei Mv‡qi MÜ _vKv iii. mvg‡b ayay b`xi wKbvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 23. Ph©vc` n‡jv K evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g wb`k©b L cÖvPxb bvUK M cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm N GKwU ms¯‹…Z cÖeÜ 24. †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AvMZ gvby‡li msMÖvgx

†PZbvi cwiPq wg‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb cOw³‡Z? K gv‡P©i weiæ‡× gvP© L kZ eQ‡ii kZ msMÖvg †k‡l M Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg N Kcv‡j KewR‡Z jvjmvjy †eu‡a DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cwiev‡ii Pvwc‡q †`qv cvÎ‡K we‡q Ki‡Z

bvivR ¯^vaxb‡PZv Kgjv| ZvB evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q evÜexi evmvq D‡V †m| D”P wkwÿZ Kgjv, GKUv PvKwi †RvMvo K‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri g‡Zv _vK‡Z cvi‡e, wb‡Ri Dc‡i GB AvZ¥wek¦vm i‡q‡Q Kgjvi|

25. DÏxc‡Ki Kgjvi mv‡_ ewncxi bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv PwiÎwUi mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq?

K †Kv‡bv fvebv bv †f‡eB evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvIqv

L cQ‡›ì gvbyl‡K wb‡q cvwj‡q hvIqv M Pvwc‡q †Ìqv we‡q Ki‡e bv e‡j

cvwj‡q hvIqv N cvwj‡q †Kv_vq hv‡e Zv w¯’i K‡i

cvwj‡q hvIqv 26. Df‡qi evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvIqvi

e¨vcviwU mg_©b Kiv hvq i. e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci Kvi‡Y ii. Abychy³ cv‡Îi mv‡_ evev-gv we‡q

w`‡qwQj e‡j iii. we‡q‡Z Zv‡ì gZ †bIqv nqwb e‡j|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 27. eyav Kv‡K wfZzi wWg e‡j‡Q? K KzwšÍ L dzjKwj M ivwb N †bvjK †evqv 28. eyavi †ivRMv‡ii Dcvq n‡jv

i. KviI †L‡Z Kvgjv LvUv ii. †÷k‡b KzwjwMwi iii. †R‡j †bŠKvq gvQ aiv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 29. Avwji g‡Z wK †L‡j eyavi †cU f‡i? K †iv` L †R¨vrmœvM evZvm N e„wó 30. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwUi mgq KLb? K Dwbk kZ‡Ki ïiæ L Dwbk kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM M Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl fvM N wek kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM



Self

test


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 K 2 N 3 L 4 N 5 L 6 K 7 L 8 L 9 K 10 K 11 M 12 M 13 K 14 N 15 K

16 M 17 M 18 L 19 K 20 N 21 L 22 K 23 K 24 N 25 M 26 L 27 M 28 L 29 K 30 M


35 D`qb gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, ewikvj mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. ÔGB NÈv `y‡q‡Ki AwfÁZvq msmv‡i †m †hb G‡Kev‡i eyov nBqv wM‡qwQjÕ GB Dw³‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K eqm †e‡o hvIqv L mg‡qi `ªæZ cÖ¯’vb M nuvwc‡q IVv N msmv‡ii weZ…òv 2. m‡Zï wbweo mvabvq nhi‡Zi PwiÎ

†Kgb n‡q D‡VwQj? K my‡Kvgj L AvKl©Yxq M my›ì N gaygq 3. gyw³hy‡×i mgq Rvnvbviv Bgvg mcwiev‡i

†Kv_vq _vK‡Zb? K kvwšÍbMi L gMevRvi M Gwjd¨v›U †ivW N ivRvievM 4. gvbemËv‡K gbyl¨Z¡ ejv †M‡j RxemËvi

cwic~iK †KvbwU? K RxevZ¥v L cigvZ¥v M cªvwYZ¡ N gvbevZ¥v 5. AvwZ¥K g„Zz¨ ej‡Z †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?

i. m¡vfvweK g„Zz¨ ii. ˆbwZK AatcZb iii. g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq


6. Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi wkÿYxq w`K n‡jv

K ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ kÖ×v‡eva L be¨cÖv‡Yi m~Pbv Kiv M HK¨‡eva RvMÖZ Kiv N Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbv 7. ÔPcj cvq †Kej avBÕ GB e³‡e¨ dz‡U

D‡V‡Q SY©vi K †mŠ›`h©cÖxwZ L cªK…wZ‡PZbv M MwZgqZv N k¼vnxbZv 8. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe Kvi †P‡q eo wKQy

†bB e‡j‡Qb? K a‡g©i L gvby‡li M †Mv‡Îi N e‡Y©i 9. Avwg P‡j hve e‡j Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ

KweZvi evK¨wU‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K Awfgvb L †µva M Hk¦wiK †eva N g„Zz¨ †PZbv 10. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvwU iPbvKv‡j Kwe

†Kvb †`‡k wQ‡jb? K d«v‡Ý L fvi‡Z M BZvwj‡Z N Bsj¨v‡Û

DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôgv‡Mv Avgiv †Zvgvi kvwšÍwcÖq kvšÍ †Q‡j Zey kÎæ G‡j A¯¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z RvwbÕ 11. KweZvs‡k ÔAvgiv A¯¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z RvwbÕ

ej‡Z ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kv‡ì‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡ì L gyw³‡hv×v‡ì M Mªvgevmx‡ì N AvµgYKvix‡ì

12. KweZvsk Ges ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ mv`k¨c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv i. †`k‡K nvbv`vigy³ Kiv ii. nZ¨v AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY iii. D¾xebx kw³i RvMiY


13. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe gvby‡li Rxeb‡K wK‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb?

K mgiv½b L ‰kev‡ji bxo M wbkvi ¯^cb N KymwgZ Kvbb 14. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü e³e¨ cÖKv‡ki cÖavb

evnb Kx? K eB L Ávb M Wv‡qwi N Kjg

DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wn› y evwo‡Z cÖwZ w`bv‡šÍ M„nKg©x Zzjmx

Mv‡Qi Z‡j mÜ¨v cÖ`xc R¡vjvq, Mjvq AuvPj w`‡q cÖYvg K‡i|

15. DÏxc‡Ki Zzjmx Mv‡Qi mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbgMvQwUi mv`„k¨ n‡jv

K AvKv‡i L cvZvq M Ae ’v‡b N My‡Y 16. wbgMvQwU †Kvb wePv‡i DÏxc‡Ki Zzjmx

MvQ †_‡K e¨wZµg? i. Ilywa MvQ ii. Abv`‡i iii. Ae‡njvq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

17. D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab Ki‡j †KvbwU NU‡e? K Amva¨ mvwaZ n‡e L m¡vaxbZv Avm‡e M e¨vcK DbœwZ n‡e N `y‡h©vM †K‡U hv‡e 18. Po LvIqvi welqwU w`w` †Mvcb K‡iwQj

†Kb? K j¾v †c‡q L wec‡ì Avk¼vq M AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi Rb¨ N PvKwi nviv‡bvi f‡q 19. Ôcv‡qi ayjv cvBe Kx Dcv‡qÕ GLv‡b

Ôcv‡qi ayjvÕ Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q? K cà~wj L Avkxe©v` M cªv_©bv N RyZv 20. Ôhy× QvovI giY _v‡KÕ GLv‡b giY

ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K g„Zz¨ L civaxbZv M AvkÖqnxbZv N ÿzav 21. `kNivq emev‡mi wm×všÍ wb‡Z nwini

Kvi mv‡_ civgk© Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj? K fzeb gyLvwR©i L gRyg`vi gnvk‡qi M bxjgwY iv‡qi N me©Rqvi

22. Abyf‚wZi RM‡Z gvbyl dZzi n‡q c‡o †Kb? K A_© mvabvq wbgMœ _v‡K e‡j L †jv‡fi d‡j Zvi AvwZ¥K g„Zz¨ N‰U e‡j M wkÿv evB‡ii e¨vcvi e‡j N wkÿv Zvi AšÍ‡ii e¨vcvi n‡q I‡Vwb e‡j 23. ev¼vi ˆZwii Kv‡R AMÖMwZ †`‡L †K

cÖksmv K‡i? K kvnveywÏb L eyav M gwZDi N dRy PvPv 24. ewncxi Ac‡ii gv_vq myi½ K‡i Kx

Rvb‡Z Pvq? K g‡bi K_v L K‡ói ¯iƒc M †Mvcb K_v N eyw×gËvi inm¨ 25. eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤ú Kx wb‡q wM‡qwQj? K gywo L Avg M †cqviv N AvZv 26. me e¨vUvivB GLb evgyb-Kv‡qZ n‡Z Pvq

G Dw³wU‡Z Kx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? K weiw³ L we`ªƒc M †µva N N„Yv

DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : mgq I †mÖvZ KviI Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i bv|

ZvB mgq _vK‡ZB Avgv‡ì‡K Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Rxe‡b `ytL Avmvi m¤¢vebvB †ewk|

27. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb KweZvwUi fveMZ wgj cvIqv hvq?

K Avgvi cwiPq L SY©vi Mvb M Rxeb-m½xZ N e½evYx 28. D³ KweZvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ n‡jv

i. Rxeb msMÖvgkxj ii. gvbeKj¨vY iii. ÁvbPP©v Kiv


DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ÔAvevi Avwme wd‡i avbwmuwowUi Zx‡i GB evsjvq nq‡Zv gvbyl bq nq‡Zv ev k•LwPj kvwj‡Ki †e‡k|Õ 29. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAvevi Avwme wd‡iÕ K_vwUi

mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi wecixZ PiY n‡jv

K Avwg P‡j hve e‡j L g„`y Kjie M †mw`‡bv †`wL‡e ¯cœ N †mB w`b GB gvV ¯Íä n‡e bv‡Kv Rvwb 30. D³ Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

i. Rxebfvebv ii. ¯^cœ †`Lv iii. g„Zz¨ †PZbv




Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 N 2 N 3 M 4 M 5 L 6 N 7 M 8 L 9 N 10 K 11 L 12 N 13 K 14 K 15 N

16 M 17 K 18 M 19 L 20 N 21 L 22 L 23 M 24 K 25 M 26 L 27 M 28 K 29 K 30 M


36 miKvwi †K. wR BDwbqb D”P we`¨vjq, wc‡ivRcyi mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †gvjøv I cy‡ivwn‡Zi AvPi‡Y Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

K ag©fxiæZv L Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ M ˆbwZKZv †eva N ¯v_©ciZv 2. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq mnmv Kx eÜ n‡jv? K gw›ì L gmwR` M Øvi N c_ 3. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwj RvwZ

wK‡mi Qwe AuvK‡e? K ¯vaxbZvi L mv‡gï M ¯‡`‡ki N Rš§f‚wgi 4. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

evOvwji i. HK¨ †PZbv ii. HwZn¨‡eva iii. Amv¤cÖ`vwqK `„wófw½


5. g„‡Zi Av¸b †Kv_vq Pvcv c‡o? K ey‡K L g‡b M wc‡V N gvwU‡Z 6. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq †Kvb `ywU

b`xi bvg Av‡Q? K a‡jk¦ix I myigv L kxZjÿ¨v I hgybv M †gNbv I †MvgwZ N eywoM½v I cÙv 7. eyav Kv‡K Nyg cvovwb Mvb †kvbv‡Z? K wZby‡K L dzjKwj‡K M KzwšÍ‡K N weby‡K 8. †K eyav‡K †ivR G‡m fvZ †L‡q †h‡Z e‡j? K PvwP L wgVzi gv M †bvjK eyqv N AvZv dzdz

DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : G‡`k †_‡K Rwg`vwi kvmbeë ’v D‡V †M‡Q

A‡bK Av‡M| Avw_©Kfv‡e †Zgb m”Qj bq Z_vwc GL‡bv evsjvi †Kvb †Kvb MÖvgvÂ‡j Rwg`v‡ii cÖfve †`Lv hvq|

9. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎ‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q?

K gywi` L nv‡kg Avjx M nv‡Zg Avjx N ewncxi 10. DÏxcK Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Rwg`v‡ii

†Kvb iƒc dz‡U D‡V‡Q? i. ÿwqòz ii. µgea©gvb iii. ¯^vfvweKZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i I iii

11. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ g~jZ GKwU K w`bcwÄ L eo Mí M Dcb¨vm N bvUK

12. ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡ii wkíx wQ‡jb i. Avãyj ReŸvi ii. i_x› ªbv_ ivq iii. AwRZ ivq


13. Ôg½jKve¨Õ †Kvb hy‡Mi mvwnZ¨ wb`k©b? K cÖvPxb L AÜKvi M ga¨ N AvaywbK 14. mvwn‡Zï kvLv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me©Kwbô †KvbwU? K †QvU Mí L bvUK M †QvU Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ 15. ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í gnvivRvi evwoi †Kvb AskwU

Zvjve× wQ‡jv? K cwðg w`KwU L †`vZjv M cÖavb ìRv N wbPZjv 16. mšÍv‡bi †Kvb wel‡q wcZvgvZvi g~pZvq

weavZv cyiæl AšÍwi‡ÿ †_‡K Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡ib?

K bvgKi‡Y L ¯‹zj wbe©vP‡b M wkÿv MÖn‡Y N †cvkvK wbe©vP‡b 17. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ †KvbwU? K iwmK L Aai ivq M AfvMx N KvOvwj 18. Ôawi gvQ bv QuyB cvwbÕ GwU Kx? K Lbvi ePb L cÖev` M Qov N †Ljvi MZ 19. †iuvgv †iuvjv †Kvb †`‡ki bvMwiK? K nsKs Gi L BZvwji M Rvg©vwbi N dªv‡Ýi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †h †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡q fiv evY Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyK fiv Mvb KuvUv †c‡q Zv‡i dzj Kwi `vb mvivwU Rxeb fi 20. DÏxcKwU gnvbwe (m.) Gi †Kvb AvPi‡Yi

mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? K û`vqweqvi mwÜ L g°vevmx‡ì ÿgv M gw`bvevmx‡ì ÿgv N e`‡ii hy× 21. wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³‡Z GB AvPi‡Yi w`KwU

dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K Avwg ivRv bB, mgªvU bB L †Zvgiv mevB ¯^vaxb, mevB gy³ M G‡ì Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡ì ÿgv Ki N †Zvgvi cZvKv w`‡qQ cÖfz

22. ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í wbqwZi wbg©g iƒc jÿ¨ Kiv hvq i. KzKz‡ii KiæY g„Zz¨‡Z ii. †jL‡Ki evevi g‡bvK‡ó iii. gnvivRvi †`k Z¨v‡M


DÏxcKwU c‡o 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †R‡M‡Q evOvwji N‡i G Kx gvZb †`vjv

†R‡M‡Q my‡iiB Zv‡j Zv‡j n„`q gvZb †`vjv cjvk wkgyj Mv‡Q †j‡M‡Q Av¸‡b eywS

êkvL G‡jB ïwb|Õ 23. DÏxcKwU †Kvb iPbvi fve‡K mg_©b K‡i? K cÖevm eÜy L Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB M cqjv êkvL N Avg-AuvwUi †fucy 24. Giƒc mg_©‡bi KviY n‡jv

i. evOvwj RvZxqZv ii. Avb›` Av‡qvRb iii. mve©Rbxb Drme


25. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †mœ‡ni Z…òvÕ K_vwU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Kwei i. ¯§„wZKvZiZv ii. ¯^RvZ¨‡eva iii. ¯^‡`k‡cÖg


26. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y †Kvb welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q?

K †`k‡cÖg L cÖK…wZcÖxwZ M b`xi cÖwZ ggZv N ˆkke¯§„wZ 27. ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi gš¿x Mey †Kgb

cÖK…wZi? K wb‡e©va L Zxÿè eyw×m¤úbœ M †gvUv myw×m¤úbœ N †gavex 28. ivRvi cv ay‡jv †_‡K gyw³ cvq Kvi eyw×‡Z? K gš¿xi L ivbxi M cwÐZ‡ì N Pg©Kv‡ii DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avgiv kw³ Avgiv ej Avgiv QvÎ`j †gv‡ì cv‡qi Zjvq g~‡Q© Zzdvb D‡aŸ© wegvb So-ev`j| 29. DÏxc‡Ki fvewU †Kvb KweZvi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? K Rxeb-m½xZ L gvbyl M Avgvi cwiPq N cÖvY 30. D³ KweZvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq n‡jv

i. msMÖvg K‡i wU‡K _vKv ii. mbœ¨vm nIqv iii. Rxeb mvabv Kiv




Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 N 2 K 3 L 4 N 5 K 6 N 7 K 8 L 9 M 10 K 11 K 12 N 13 M 14 K 15 L

16 K 17 M 18 L 19 N 20 L 21 L 22 K 23 M 24 N 25 L 26 K 27 K 28 N 29 K 30 L


37 jvqÝ ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, iscyi mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. cÖK…wZ Kvi fvlvi AfvewU c~iY K‡i †`q? K cÖZv‡ci L myfvwlYxi M mynvwmbxi N my‡Kwkbxi 2. evYxK‡Éi evwowU Kv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y

K‡i? K K…l‡Ki L MÖvgevmxi M †bŠKvevnxi N †R‡j‡ì 3. wPZvi †auvqv Kx i‡Oi Qvqv †d‡j AvKv‡k

DVwQj? K jvj L bxj M Kv‡jv N Kgjv 4. ÔcwjømvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK g~je³e¨wU

dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb †Kvb welqwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g?

K cÖe‡Üi Avw¼K MVb L Dcgv I iƒcK M cwjømvwn‡Zï h_v_© DcKiY N fvlvi cÖ‡qvM 5. `yM©v Acy‡K Kx wb‡q Avm‡Z ejj? K euwU L evwU M wPwb N †Zj, byb 6. KjKvZv wicb K‡j‡Ri mv‡_

wef‚wZf‚l‡Yi m¤úK© i. AvB. G.cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î ii. we.G. cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î iii. Gg.G. cv‡mi †ÿ‡Î

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : iwdK gv‡qi g„Zzï Lei ï‡b cvMj n‡q

I‡V| †m cÖjvc K‡i e‡j Zv gv gi‡ZB cv‡i bv| Zvi PvPv e‡jb Aw¯’i n‡qv bv, g„Zz¨ gvby‡li fvM¨ Ges †kl cwiYwZ|

7. DÏxc‡K iwd‡Ki PvPvi mv‡_ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi wgj cvIqv hvq Kvi mv‡_?

K nhiZ gyn¤§` (mv.) L nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.) M nhiZ Igi (iv.) N nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.) 8. DÏxc‡Ki PvPvi m‡½ cvVëB‡qi e³vi

gvbwmKZvi wgj i‡q‡Q i. hyw³ev`x gvbwmKZvi ii. Av‡eMcÖeYZvi iii. `„p gv‡bve‡ji


9. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í DwjøwLZ bZzb †jvK G‡m Kx Kij?

K Wvj wQuoj L Qvj Zzjj M Wvj fvOj N gy»`„wó‡Z †P‡q iBj

10. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Kv‡ì nvZ ai‡Z AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb?

K †bZ…Z¡ vbKvix‡ì L D‡cwÿZ fvB‡ì M cÖZviK‡ì N mk ¿ e¨w³‡ì 11. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi bvgKiY †Kvb

hyw³‡Z Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ Gi cwie‡Z© Ôgbyl¨Z¡Õ ivLv hvq?

K Dc‡`k L g~je³e¨ M ¯vaxbZv N Áv‡bi weKvk 12. cy‡iv g‡bi mvÿvr cvIqv hvq †Kv_vq? K `k©‡b L weÁv‡b M mvwn‡Z¨ N a‡g© 13. Kwei „wó‡Z ÔRbmgy‡`ªi D`¨vb ˆmKZÕ

n‡jv K Rbmgy‡`ªi evMvb L jÿ gvby‡li e¨vKzjZv M wecøex gvby‡li msMÖvg N Rbmgy‡`ªi Zxi 14. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq K gvby‡li BwZnvm L †èvj‡qi BwZnvm M evOvwji BwZnvm N KweZvi BwZnvm

DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : kvevk, evsjv‡`k, G c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q

iq,/R¡‡j cy‡o g‡i QviLvi, Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq|

15. DÏxc‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© iPbv †KvbwU?

K †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv L mvnmx Rbbx evsjv M ¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì n‡jv N Rxeb-m½xZ 16. D³ mv`„‡kï wfwË evOvwji

i. mvnwmKZv ii. msMÖvgx †PZbv iii. †`k‡cÖg


17. Kvi `yt‡Li wPwV †KD †Kv‡bvw`bB co‡e bv?

K ivbv‡ii L AvKv‡ki Zvivi M weiwnYx wcÖqvi N e‡bi nwi‡Yi 18. ÔMuv_vÕ kãwUi AvÿwiK A_© wn‡m‡e

†KvbwU mg_©b‡hvM¨? K iPbv L cvjv M KweZv N eY©bv 19. RxY© †eovi N‡i †K Nygvq? K gvbyl L fvebvnxb gvbyl M Kwei eÜy N Kwei cÖwZ‡ekx

20. †Q‡j Kv‡K jvUvB hZœ K‡i ivL‡Z e‡j? K eo †evb‡K L Kwig‡K M gv‡K N AvwRR‡K 21. Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvi g~jMZ †cÖiYv Kx? K inm¨gqx gvbyl L bM‡ii ev¯ÍeZv M cÖK…wZi inm¨gq †mŠ›`h© N Rxe‡bi inm¨gq †mŠ›`h© 22. fzLvwi KZ eQi cÖfz‡K Wv‡Kb bvB? K lvU eQi L mËi eQi M Avwk eQi N AvUvwk eQi 23. m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë †Kvb cwÎKvi m¤úv`K

wQ‡jb? K msev` cÖfvKi L msev` †KŠgy`x M K‡jøvj N ZË¡‡evabx 24. ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvq †ePv-wKbv gRj K b`xi R‡j L cyKz‡i we‡j M divk †c‡Z N cuv‡Ki Z‡j

DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †MÖ‡bW D‡V‡Q nv‡Z KweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡dj

Gevi ev‡Ni _vev †fvR n‡e AvR cÖwZ‡kva|

25. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq?

K N„Yvq L j¾vq M cÖwZ‡kv‡a N cÖwZ‡iv‡a 26. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv fve wb‡Pi †KvbwUi

mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? K ¯‡`‡ki Rb¨ AvZ¥Z¨vM L gyw³‡hv×v‡ì kw³kvjx AvµgY M nvbv‡ì evwnbxi wbg©g nZ¨vKvÐ N ¯Rbnviv gyw³‡hv×vi AmnvqZ¡ 27. Ôhy× QvovI giY _v‡KÕ GLv‡b ÔgiYÕ

ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K civaxbZv‡K L AvkÖqnxbZv‡K M ÿzav‡K N ggZvnxbZv‡K 28. ÔZvQvov †Zv Av¸‡b SuvcvBqv cwo‡Z

hvB‡Z‡Q bv| Zvnviv Zvnv‡ì bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡Q|Õ ewncxi G K_v Øviv †h g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb

K ev¯ÍeZv †g‡b †bIqv L cÖK…Z Ae¯’v Dcjwä M bZzbZ¡‡K ¯vMZ Rvbv‡bv N gvbweK‡ev‡ai cwiPq †Ìqv 29. kn‡i ewncx‡ii KZRb abx gywi` Av‡Qb? K wZbRb L cuvPRb M mvZRb N bqRb 30. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q

i. Rwg`vwi cÖ_v ii. †hŠZzK cÖ_v iii. cxifw³




Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 L 2 M 3 L 4 M 5 N 6 M 7 L 8 M 9 N 10 L 11 L 12 M 13 N 14 M 15 L

16 N 17 K 18 K 19 L 20 M 21 M 22 M 23 N 24 N 25 M 26 L 27 M 28 K 29 K 30 M


38 MvBevÜv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vvjq mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. KvOvwj VvKzi`vm‡K Kx e‡jwQ‡jb? K Avgv‡K GKUv MvQ w`‡eb L Avgvi gv g‡i †M‡Q M Avgiv evgyb Kv‡q Í n‡Z PvB N Avgv‡K cuvPwU UvKv w`‡eb 2. evsjv‡`‡ki Rwg`v‡ii Kg©Pvix‡ì Pwi‡Î

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. kvm‡Ki wPý ii. KvÐÁvbnxbZv iii. µ×Zv


3. me©Rqv‡K `y‡ejv UvKvi Rb¨ ZvMv`v w`‡”Q †K?

K ivav †evó‡gi eD L †mR VvKiæb M bxjgwb ivq N †èkxl fÆvPvh© 4. Acy w`wì w`‡K wRÁvmvm~PK `„wó‡Z

†P‡qwQj i. mZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z mvnmx bv n‡q ii. Afq evYx cvIqvi Rb¨ iii. w`w`‡K fq †c‡q

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

5. gvby‡li gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPq †KvbwU? K Rxe‡b cÖwZôv AR©b L ÿgZvi kx‡l© Av‡ivnY M gyw³i †eva N wkÿv m¤ú~Y© Kiv 6. c„w_exi mKj cÖvYxi mv‡_ gvby‡li †gŠwjK

cv_©K¨ n‡jv i. gvby‡li g‡a¨ bxPZv I msKxY©Zv Av‡Q ii. gvby‡li eyw× we‡eK Av‡Q iii. gvby‡li Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi g‡a¨B gvbyl

Rxeb‡K mxgve× iv‡L bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

7. wewPÎv cwÎKvq gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi †Kvb Mí cÖKvwkZ nq?

K Rbbx L AZmxgvgx M mniZjx N PZz‡¯‹vY 8. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi mnvbyf‚wZkxj gvbyl n‡jv

i. ggZvw` ii. gv iii. †LvKv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i, ii I iii N i I iii

9. 16B wW‡m¤î 1971 Kx evi wQj? K †mvg L g½j

M eya N e„n¯úwZ 10. evMvb Kiv †bkvi gva¨‡g DcK…Z w`K

i. `ytL-Kó LvwbKÿY fz‡j _vKv hvq

ii. mwL‡bi g‡Zv i‡Oi dzj nq iii. fqvbK wewÿß gb‡K e¨¯Í ivLv hvq


K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

11. nvqvr gvgy` KZ mv‡j cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvq DËxY© nq?

K 1936 L 1946 M 1956 N 1966 12. Dcb¨vwmKv ej‡Z †evSvq

i. †QvU Dcb¨vm ii. e„nr AvqZ‡bi Dcb¨vm iii. eo AvKv‡ii Mí


13. Kwei Kve¨ iPbvi we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

K wb‡Ri AvZ¥Rxebx iPbv L ivRKg©Pvix‡ì Zzó Kiv M mvaviY gvbyl‡K Zzó Kiv

N evsjv a‡g©i evYx cÖPvi Kiv 14. evOvwj n‡qI hviv Aviwe, dviwm fvlv‡K

†kÖô g‡b K‡i Zviv g~jZ

i. AÁ ii. gvid‡Z Ávbk~b¨ iii. fxiæ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i I ii

15. PZz`©kc`x KweZv †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ nq?

K gvÎve„Ë L AwgÎvÿi M gy³vÿi N Aÿie„Ë 16. Ôe½R RbÕ ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡Qb

i. e½‡`‡ki Rš§MÖnYKvix‡ì ii. K‡cvZvÿ b‡ì cvk¦eZ©x Rb‡Mvôx iii. Kwei MÖv‡gi †jvKRb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i I ii

17. P›`ªgvq †K Pvq?

K P‡Kvi L SvDeb M PvZK N SY©v 18. Kviv gyL eyjvq?

K eyjeywj-wUqv L gqbv-KvK M kvwjK-kyK N P‡Kvi-ïK

19. Kvjvcvnvo Kx K‡i‡Qb? K gw›ì wbg©vY L gmwR` wbg©vY M †èvjq wbg©vY N †èvjq aŸsm 20. †gvjøv Kx wb‡q gmwR‡` Zvjv w`j? K wdiwb-cv‡qm L †Mv¯Í-iæwU M wgwó-gÐv N †Kvigv-†cvjvI 21. RyZv Avwe®‹vi KweZvi PiY msL¨v KZ? K mËi L Avwk M beŸB N GKk 22. ivRvi Kv‡R `„wó †bB

i. †Mvey iv‡qi ii. gš¿Yv `vZv‡ì iii. iv‡Rï Kv‡iviB


M i I iii N i, ii I iii 23. †bvjK eyqv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g Wv‡K? K gvwbK iZb L †mvbvevev M Qbœ Qvov N †Mvei ivRv 24. ÔMY‡èZvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK †K? K mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq L Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq M wef‚wZf‚lb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq N gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 25. hviv wfZ‡i Mvb _v‡K †m Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i? K hy× Ki‡Z L A‡bK wKQy Ki‡Z M fv‡jvevm‡Z N `ytL mn¨ Ki‡Z 26. gayi Kxfv‡e g„Zz¨ n‡qwQj? K ¸wj‡Z L Av¸‡b cy‡o M cvwb‡Z Wz‡e N moK `yN©Ubvq 27. HwZnvwmK bvUK †KvbwU? K K…òKzgvix L Rgx`vi `c©Y M iveY ea N i³Kiex 28. ewncxi e„× eq‡m we‡q Kivi KviY Kx? K esk iÿv L †L`gZ cvIqv M mgvR iÿv N Mí¸Re Kiv 29. nv‡Zg Avjx Kvi Avmvi cÖZxÿvq MÖni

†Mv‡b? K evjëÜy L nv‡kg M ewncxi N †Lv‡`Rv 30. ewncx‡ii Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

i. eyw×gËv ii. a~Z©Zv iii. gvbweKZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 L 2 M 3 K 4 K 5 M 6 M 7 L 8 M 9 N 10 L 11 M 12 N 13 M 14 N 15 L

16 K 17 K 18 M 19 N 20 L 21 N 22 K 23 M 24 L 25 L 26 K 27 K 28 L 29 K 30 L


39 MvBevÜv miKvwi evjK we`¨vjq mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. Rwg`v‡ii `v‡ivqvb KvOvwji Mv‡q nvZ w`j bv †Kb?

K RvZ nviv‡bvi f‡q L †jvKj¾vi f‡q M A‡kŠP nIqvi f‡q N MÖvgevmxi Aby‡iv‡a 2. ¯^Y© †Mvqvwjbx Avmvq †Kvb K_v Pvcv c‡o †Mj? K `yM©vi evwn‡i hvIqvi L Acyi Avg LvIqvi M `k Nivi gšÍi †Ìqvi N cvIbv`v‡ii ZvMv`v †Ìqv 3. ÔM½v‡Z AeMvnb K‡iB Avgiv Avgv‡ì

mKj cvc gy³ n‡evÕ GLv‡b M½v Kx A‡_© eën„Z n‡q‡Q?

K Zx_©¯’vb L b`xwe‡kl M mvwnZ¨ N ag©bxwZ


nwic` mI`vi Awd‡mi Kwbô †Kivwb| mvgvb¨ †eZ‡b Zvi msmvi P‡j bv| Awd‡m Dcwi DcvR©‡bi my‡hvM _vK‡jI †m Zv K‡i bv| eis Awdm †k‡l `y‡Uv wUDkwb K‡i evowZ DcvR©b K‡i|

4. wkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K Ônwic`Õ n‡”Qb i. Rxe‡b †mvbv djv gvbyl ii. A_©wPšÍvi wbM‡o ew›` gvbyl iii. wek„•Lj mgvRc„ô gvbyl


5. nwic‡ì †Kvb welqwU wkÿvi AcÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KwU wb‡`©k K‡i?

K evowZ DcvR©‡bi †Póv L Dcwi DcvR©b cwinvi M msmv‡ii Uvbv‡cv‡ob N mvgvb¨ †eZb 6. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í Kwe I Kweiv‡Ri cv_©K¨

†Kvb gvb`‡Ð wePvi Kiv n‡q‡Q? K ch©‡eÿY L Dcjwä M †fvM N Dc‡hvM 7. Ôcvwii RvwZ we‡Øl †bB, †m †cvj, iæk,

†ivgvwbqv‡KI kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q Abœ †`q, wb‡MÖv‡KI †k¦Z †mbvi bvqK K‡i|Õ D‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡Øvab cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KUv DÏxc‡K we`¨gvb i. mvgëvw`Zv ii. Amv¤cÖ`vwqKZv iii. åvZ„Z¡‡eva

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii I iii M i I iii N i I ii

8. ggZvwì gyL jvj n‡jv †Kb? K Zv‡K iuvaybx ejvq L Zv‡K evgybw` ejvq M Mv‡j `v‡Mi KviY wRÁvmv Kivq N ¯vgxi PvKwi †LuvR †bIqv

9. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ Ômygnvb cÖwZ‡kvaÕ nhi‡Zi Pwi‡Îi †Kvb w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Q?

K gbyl¨Z¡ L mvnm M Z¨vM N AvZ¥wek¦vm 10. †Kvb Rb ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi

MvqK wQ‡jb? K mv‡jn Avn‡g` L nvmvb Bgvg M hZx›`ª‡gvnb wmsn N nijvj ivq 11. wek¦ mvwn‡Zï me©v‡cÿv cÖvPxb mvwn‡Zï

iƒc †KvbwU? K gnvKve¨ L bvUK M Dcb¨vm N cÖeÜ 12. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq PZz_© cOw³‡Z I

wei‡j k‡ãi mv‡_ AšÍ¨wgj iÿvKvix kã †KvbwU?

K Kvi R‡j L Ze KjK‡j M ¯c‡b N Qj‡b 13. Rwg`vi wMwbœi g‡a¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

i. Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZv ii. evOvwj gv‡qi cÖwZg~wZ© iii. ag©fxiæZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ô†mB g‡b c‡o ˆR¨‡ôi S‡oi iv‡Î bvwn‡Kv Nyg AwZ †fv‡i DwV ZvovZvwo QywU Avg

Kzovevi ayg| †mB mygayi ¯Íä `ycyi, cvVkvjv cjvqb fvwejvg nvq Avi Kx †Kv_vq wd‡i cve

†mRxeb|Õ 14. DÏxc‡Ki †kl Pi‡Yi m‡½ wb‡Pi †Kvb

Pi‡Yi fv‡ei wgj i‡q‡Q? K mZZ †n b` Zzwg ci †gvi g‡b L jB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i msMx‡Z M mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe I wei‡j N Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv hZw`b hv‡e 15. K‡cvZvÿ b` KweZvi †h w`K DÏxc‡K

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv i. †`k‡cÖg ii. ¯§„wZKvZiZv iii. AvZ¥wb‡e`b

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I iii N ii I iii

16. cwjøMÖv‡g kn‡ii g‡Zv bZ©‡K Gi Afve c~iY K‡i †KvbwU?

K wewfbœ cvwLi KjMvb L b`xi KzjKzj aŸwb M cvZvi gg©i kã N k¨vgj k‡mï †njv`yjv 17. †Kvb NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q KvKZvo–qv

Dcb¨v‡mi hewbKvcvZ N‡U‡Q? K hy×Kvjxb HKë×Zv L mvaviY gvby‡li †`kZ¨vM M wech©¯Í RbRxeb N gyw³‡hv×vi exiZ¡

18. my`~i AZx‡Zi bee‡l©i mv‡_ K…wl mgv‡Ri †hvMm~Î _vKvi KviY

K ey‡R©vqv wejvm L †jŠwKKZv M mvs¯‹…wZK N A_©‰bwZK 19. c„w_exi †Kvb Mí wPiKvj †eu‡P _v‡K? K †mŠ›`‡h©i L engvbZvi M Av‡e‡Mi N mf¨Zvi 20. gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? K †ZBk b¤î ˆZjwPÎ L ivB‡dj iæwU AvIivZ M nvRvi eQi a‡i N mvg‡b bZzb w`b 21. bvU‡Ki jÿ¨ Kviv? K cvVK L `k©K M †kÖvZv N e³v 22. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki NUbv †Kvb FZz‡Z msNwUZ? K kir L †ngšÍ M kxZ N emšÍ 23. ÔAv‡jvi-wcqvmx cÖvY PÂj wkï‡ì

K‡jv‡Kvjvn‡j hvnviv wei³ nBqv Awfm¤úvZ Kwi‡Z _v‡K... e„× ZvnvivBÕ DÏxc‡Ki e„× n‡jv SY©vi Mvb KweZvi

K Szg cvnvo L Kvjvmv‡ii `j M cvnvwo SY©v N PvZK cvwL DÏxcKwU c‡o 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †Zj wcVv †f‡R cÖ_gwU g³‡ei ûRy‡ii

Kv‡Q cvVvq KvqQvb| fv‡e ûRyi‡K bv w`‡q †L‡j g¯Í ¸bvn n‡e|

24. DÏxc‡Ki KvqQvb ewncxi bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mgvšÍivj?

K nv‡kg L Zv‡niv M nv‡Zg N †Lv‡`Rv 25. D³ Pwi‡Î †`Lv hvq K ag©x Kzms¯‹vi L cÖwZev`x †PZbv M Amnvq‡Z¡i Qvc N gvbweK Dcjwä 26. Kvb †K‡U w`‡qwQ †Zv‡ì| Kx A_©

cÖKvk K‡i‡Q? K AvqvZ L Acgvb M Acev` N cÖwZev` 27. wmKv›`vi Avey Rvd‡ii †Kvb MvbwU

¯^vaxbZvKvgx evOvwj RvwZ‡K we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i?

K Avgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡eB L I Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU M gv‡Mv fvebv †Kb? N hw` ivZ †cvnv‡j †kvbv †hZ 28. Ôwkí mg„× HwZn¨Õ †evSv‡Z Kwe

†KvbwUi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? K cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi L Ph©vc‡ì Aÿ‡ii M cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi N e‡i›`ªf‚wgi †mvbv gmwR‡ì 29. Ôevqy-mvM‡iiÕ mv‡_ †jLK wK‡mi Zzjbv

K‡i‡Qb? K cwjømvwnZ¨ L cvov-Muv M cwjøi gvVNvU N mvwnZ¨ DcKiY 30. ÔivZ †kl n‡q m~h© DV‡e K‡e?Õ GLv‡b

Ôm~h©Õ Kx‡mi cÖZxK? K †mvbvwj my‡Li L bZzb Av‡jvi M w`‡bi m~Pbvi N Kg© m¤úv`‡bi



Self

test


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 M 2 K 3 M 4 M 5 L 6 L 7 N 8 K 9 K 10 N 11 L 12 L 13 N 14 N 15 L

16 N 17 N 18 N 19 L 20 L 21 L 22 L 23 K 24 N 25 K 26 L 27 K 28 M 29 L 30 K


NCTB KZ…©K cÖ`Ë P‚ovšÍ gvbeÈ‡bi Av‡jv‡K G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ : m„Rbkxj

gv÷vi †UªBbvi c¨v‡bj KZ…©K

cÖYxZ

40 G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 01 welq †KvW : 1 0 1 mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70

[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| M`¨ Ask †_‡K b~¨bZg 2wU, KweZv Ask †_‡K b~¨bZg 2wU, Dcb¨vm Ask †_‡K b~¨bZg 1wU I bvUK Ask †_‡K b~¨bZg 1wU K‡i †gvU 7wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœvË‡i mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `~lYxq|]

K AskM`¨ 1 dwUK Nywo DovBqv, jvwUg NyivBqv gv‡V-gq`v‡b Nywiqv †eovBZ| KLb

Avcb g‡b ZvB‡i bvB‡i bv Kwiqv Mvb Mvwnqv b`xi R‡j SuvK w`qv muvZvi KvwUZ| Avevi Mv‡Q Pwoqv dj cvwoqv, cvwLi wWg-Lvbv Pzwi Kwiqv K¬všÍ †`‡n Nv‡mi WvUv wPevB‡Z wPevB‡Z evwo wdwiZ| K. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ kxl©K MíwUi iPwqZv †K? 1 L. ÔbxjgwY iv‡qi wfUv R½jve„Z nBqv cwoqv Av‡QÕ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki dwUK cwVZ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv „k¨? eywS‡q †jL| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi mgMÖZv ¯úk© K‡i‡QÓ

g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 2 Z‡e Zzwg eywS evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU †kvb bvB Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|Õ GKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwP, AvRI GKmv‡_ _vKeB me we‡f‡ì †iLv gy‡Q w`‡q mv‡gï Qwe AuvKeB|

K. †Mv‡qejm&& †K? 1 L. Gfv‡e wØavØ‡›Ø †K‡U‡Q yÕw`b `yÕivZ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi †PZbvi mv „k¨

Dc¯’vcb Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Qb

wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 3 Avgv‡ì GB cwZZ, PÐvj, †QvU‡jvK fvB‡ì ey‡K Kwiqv Zvnvw`M‡K cY

Kwiqv jB‡Z, Zvnv‡ìB g‡Zv `xb emb cwiqv, Zvnv‡ì cÖv‡Y †ZvgviI cÖvY ms‡hvM Kwiqv D”P wk‡i Zvi m¤§y‡L Avwmqv ùvovI, †`wL‡e wek¦ †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi‡e| K. Ô†evab-euvwkÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1 L. Ô†`wL‡e BnvivB hyMvšÍi Avwb‡eÕ Kx Dcv‡q eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU

cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki fvewUB wK ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi GKgvÎ

DcRxe¨? hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki| 4 4 Afv‡ei Zvobvq cix †eMg A‡bï evwo‡Z M„ncwiPvwiKvi KvR †bq|

†mLv‡b me KvR K‡g©i cvkvcvwk †QvvU‡ìI Ave`vi nvwmgy‡L c~iY K‡i| ZvivI cix †eMg‡K AvcbR‡bi gZ Lye fv‡jvev‡m| K. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi cÖK…Z bvg Kx? 1 L. Ô†m †hb Qvqvgqx gvbexÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cix †eMg Ô ggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvwì wgj Av‡Q wKbv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cix †eMg I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` GKB m~‡Î Muv_v

†Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 L AskKweZv

5 wkLi nB‡Z wkL‡i QzwUe, f‚ai nB‡Z f‚a‡i jywUe, †n‡m LjLj †M‡q KjKj Zv‡j Zv‡j wè Zvwj| GZ K_v Av‡Q, GZ Mvb Av‡Q, GZ cÖvY Av‡Q †gvi, GZ myL Av‡Q, GZ mva Av‡Q, cÖvY n‡q Av‡Q †fvi|

K. Avs‡ivLv A_© Kx? 1 L. ÔAvgiv PvB gy» †PvLÕ eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU Dc¯’vcb Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq mnagx© n‡jI cy‡ivcywi GKK

bq we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 †i‡Lv, gv, `v‡m‡i g‡b, G wgbwZ Kwi c‡`| mvwa‡Z g‡bi mva, N‡U hw` cigv`, gaynxb K‡iv bv †Mv Ze gbt‡KvKb‡`| cÖev‡m, ˆ`‡ei e‡k, Rxe Zviv hw` L‡m G †`n AvKvk n‡Z, bvwn †L` Zv‡n|

K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© †KvbwU? 1 L. ÔjvB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i m½x‡ZÕ Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K †h wgbwZi K_v G‡m‡Q Zv ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb

w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi g~jfve GKB h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

7 G‡mv me we‡f` fz‡j MvB gvbeZvi Mvb| cÖmvwiZ Kwi eÿ AvwR‡K mvn‡m fiæK cÖvY| Ki‡ev jovB weiæ‡× Zv‡ì hviv wns¯ª cïi mgvb, RvZ-a‡g©i we‡f` wb‡q K‡i hviv eëavb|

K. ÔdzKwiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. Ô†Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÛ Mv‡n ¯v‡_©i RqÕ eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. KweZvs‡k g~jK_v Kxfv‡e ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. Òg~j myi GK n‡jI ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq welqwU wfbœ †cÖÿvc‡U

Dc¯’vwcZÓ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 bvbœy MÖvg †_‡K kvK-mewR, dj-cvKov wewfbœ wRwbm wb‡q gv‡S-g‡a¨ cvK-

nvbv`vi K¨v‡¤ú weµq K‡i| †m †Mvc‡b gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ivLZ| †KD Zv‡K m‡›`n KiZ bv| A_P Zvi cÖ‡Póvq gyw³‡hv×v‡ì D‡Ïk¨ mnR I mdj nq| K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K? 1 L. Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j D‡VwQj †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki bvbœy ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_

mv „k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. gyw³‡hv×v‡ì D‡Ïk¨ mdj I mnR Kivi †ÿ‡Î bvbœyi cÖ‡Póv

ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨vm Aej¤‡b we‡kølY Ki| 4 9 Avgiv †Zvgvi kvwšÍwcÖq kvšÍ †Q‡j, Zey kÎæ G‡j A¯¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z Rvwb †Zvgvi fq †bB gv Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|

K. eyav KqwU gkvj evwb‡qwQj? 1 L. eyavi Kv‡Q Av‡jv Auvavi y‡UvB mgvb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KUv dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v

Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯îƒc ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m KZUv

cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 4 N AskbvUK

10 wb‡Pi QKwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI : bÅvqGeva

wkwÞZ

`†pGPZv AvaywbK

hywÚev`x

? K. nv‡Zg Avwji evjëÜy †K? 1 L. ÔG K…ZÁZvi †ZR †bkvi g‡ZvÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki PvwiwÎK êwkó¨¸‡jv †h PwiÎ‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zvi ¯îƒc

eY©bv Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki AbywjøwLZ PwiÎB Rxebhy‡× Rq n‡q behy‡Mi m~Pbvi

c‡_ cv evovq gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 †Zvgvi AvR hv Av‡Q Kvj Zv Ab¨ KviI wQj ciï †mUv Ab¨ Kv‡iv n‡q hv‡e cwieZ©bB msmv‡ii wbqg|

K. ewncx‡ii evwo †Kvb †Rjvq? 1 L. ÔwKš‘ `yt‡L eyK wbðq †d‡U hv‡”QÕ †K, †Kb K_vwU e‡jwQj? 2 M. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvi PvwiwÎK êwk‡óï mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki fvewU

mv „k¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔcwieZ©bB msmv‡ii wbqgÕ DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K

gšÍe¨wU h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4



K AskM`¨ 1 wkÿK IqvwKj Avn‡g` g‡b K‡ib, wkÿK Qvov D”P wkÿv AR©‡bi

†Kv‡bv c_ †bB| cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_x©‡K wkÿ‡Ki Øvi¯’ n‡Z nq| wkÿKB Zv‡ì cÖK…Z wkÿv w`‡q _v‡Kb| wKš‘ wkÿvwe` Lwjj nvq`vi g‡b K‡ib wkÿv AR©‡b wkÿ‡Ki `vi¯’ n‡Z n‡jI wkÿv_x©‡K wkÿv AR©‡b wb‡R‡KI †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| wbR †Póvi ØvivB cÖK…Z wkÿv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| wkÿK wkÿv_x©i Ávbiv‡Rï Øvi D‡š§vPb Ki‡Z cv‡i gvÎ| K. AvR‡Ki evRv‡i Kv‡ì Afve †bB? 1 L. kL K‡i †KD eB co‡j Zv‡K Avgiv wb®‹g©vi `‡j †d‡j w`B †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K IqvwKj Avn‡g‡ì gZvgZ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb

Dw³i wecixZagx©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wkÿvwe` Lwjj nvq`v‡ii e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki

e³e¨‡KB D™¢vwmZ K‡iÓÑ gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2 gvby‡l gvby‡l RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z GB †h †f‡ì cÖvPxi mn¯ªvwaK el© gv_v

DuPz K‡i ùvwo‡q gvby‡li Ávb, †cŠiæl I AvZ¥m¤§vb‡K bxie wa°vi w`w”Qj, Bmjv‡gi cqM¤i nhiZ (mv.) G‡m Zv‡K wb`viæYfv‡e f‚wgmvr K‡i w`‡jb| wZwb D`viK‡É †NvlYv Ki‡jb : †f` bvB, †f` bvB, gvby‡l gvby‡l †f` bvB| Abvi‡ei Avi‡ei Ici Avi‡ei †Kv‡bv †kÖôZ¡ bvB, Avi‡ei Dci Abvi‡ei †Kv‡bv †kÖôZ¡ bvB, me gvby‡li Avw`wcZv Av`‡gi mšÍvb Avi Av`g gvwU‡Z ˆZwi| AZGe KviI Mwe©Z nIqvi wKQz †bB| K. †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjxi MÖv‡gi bvg Kx? 1 L. nhiZ Ig‡ii A½ gvwU‡Z jyUv‡jv †Kb? 2 M. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi †Kvb êwkó¨wU DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖ‡eÜi mgMÖ bq, AvswkKfve‡K

aviY K‡i‡QÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4 3 gvbyl weavZvi m„wó n‡jI wb‡R‡K †kÖô K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi `vwqZ¡ Zvi

wb‡Ri| cïi †hfv‡e Rš§, †mfv‡eB Zvi g„Zz¨| wKš‘ gvbyl Zvi †Póv I mvabvi Øviv wb‡R‡K wKQzUv cwieZ©b K‡i †bq| wb‡R‡K cÖK…Z gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o †ZvjvB Zvi cÖ_g I cÖavb `vwqZ¡| Avi wb‡R‡K Dchy³ K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi †kÖô c×wZ n‡jv wkÿv| cÖK…Z wkÿvB gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ô†jv‡f cvc, cv‡c g„Zz¨Õ cÖev`wUi mZ¨Zv ¯úó K‡i †Zv‡j| K. cÖe‡Üi cÖavb evnb Kx? 1 L. Kviv iæ× AvnviZ…ß gvby‡li g~j¨ KZUzKz? G Øviv cÖvewÜK Kx

†evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi mg_©b K‡i?

Dc¯’vcb Ki| 3 N. ÒcÖK…Z wkÿvB gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ô†jv‡f cvc, cv‡c g„Zz¨Ó cÖev`wUi

mZ¨Zv ¯úó K‡i †Zv‡j|Ó Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

4 cqjv êkv‡Li wØZxq eo Abyôvb n‡jv nvjLvZv| G w`‡b eëmvqxiv Zv‡ì †`vKvb¸‡jv‡K my›ì K‡i jvj, bxj KvMR w`‡q mvRvq| RvZ-ag©-wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB G Drm‡e †hvM †`q| K. Kexi †PŠayix KZ mv‡j D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib? 1 L. Ôcqjv êkvL‡K G Ae¯’v †_‡K D×vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRbÕÑ †Kb?

GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ôcqjv êkvL ïay GKwU Abyôvb bq, Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvwkZ nq

evOvwji AvwZ‡_qZv|ÕÑ K_vwUi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4 L AskKweZv

5 iv‡Z hw` m~h©‡jv‡K S‡i AkÖæ aviv m~h© bvwn †d‡i Kfz e¨_© nq Zviv| mg‡qi g~j¨ ey‡S K‡i hviv KvR Zuviv AvR ¯§iYxq RM‡Zi gvS|

K. Ôe„ÎmsnviÕ Kx RvZxq iPbv? 1 L. ÔRxevZ¥v AwbZ¨ bqÕÑ †Kb? eywS‡q wjL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb fvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔRM‡Zi gv‡S ¯§iYxq n‡Z n‡j cÖvZt¯§iYxq‡ì AbymiY

Ki‡Z n‡e, AbyKiY bqÕÑ Dw³wUi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI DÏxcK I ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K| 4

6 cwÎKv, MYgva¨g Avi mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g Avwg ivwdi K_v †R‡bwQ| gv-evevi ey‡Ki gvwbK me †Póv Avi cÖv_©bv e¨_© K‡i †mw`b P‡j †Mj, †mw`b Ii evev wPrKvi K‡i e‡jwQj, I GMv‡iv w`b nvmcvZv‡ji weQvbvq ï‡q GK‡duvUv cvwbi Rb¨ QUdU K‡iwQj| w`‡Z cvwiwb| GLb Avwg †Kgb K‡i cvwb Lve|

K. wK‡kvi †Q‡jwUi eÜyi bvg Kx? 1 L. ÔAuvav‡ii mv‡_ eywSqv Zvnvi dziv‡q G‡m‡Q †ZjÕÑ Dw³wU Øviv

Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki ivwd evevi g‡a¨ ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU

dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔwcZv-gvZvi †mœn Ag~j¨ÕÑ DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi

Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 7 evZv‡m jv‡ki MÜ fv‡m, gvwU‡Z †j‡M Av‡Q i‡³i `vM| GB i³gvLv gvwUi jjvU Qzu‡q GKw`b hviv eyK †eu‡awQj, RxY© Rxe‡bi cyu‡R Zviv Lyu‡R †bq wbwl× Auvavi| AvR Zviv Av‡jvnxb LvPv fv‡jv‡e‡m †R‡M _v‡K ivwÎi ¸nvq|

K. kvnevRcy‡ii †Rvqvb K…l‡Ki bvg Kx? 1 L. Avi KZevi †`L‡Z n‡e LvÐe`vnb? ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxcKwU Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi mv‡_

Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki g~jfve Ges Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ

KweZvi g~jfve cy‡ivcywi GK bq|ÓÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 e½eÜy †Zv e‡jB w`‡q‡Qb, i³ hLb w`‡qwQ cÖ‡qvRb n‡j i³ Av‡iv wè| †`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡i Qvo‡ev BbkvAvjøvn| e½eÜyi mvZB gv‡P©i KÉ¯i GKevi Zv †h evOvwji Kv‡b †M‡Q Rxe‡bi g‡Zv †m n‡q †M‡Q Ab¨ gvbyl| ..... mvZB gv‡P©i †im‡Kvm© gv‡V GLb wd‡i †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| e½eÜyi wb‡`©k‡K RMg‡š¿i g‡Zv mvivÿY g‡bi g‡a¨ RvMÖZ †i‡L K‡g©i c_ †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| K. KzwšÍ †K? 1 L. `ytL‡K eyav wns¯ª kKz‡bi g‡Zv we‡ePbv K‡i †Kb? 2 M. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvwU DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³

Zv wb‡`©k Ki| 3 N. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi msMÖvg DÏxc‡Ki fvl‡Yi cieZx©

iƒc| ¯^xKvi Ki Kx? †Zv g‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ †`LvI| 4 9 GK `viæY mvnmx wQj 1971| mvn‡m I msMÖv‡g, jÿ¨ AR©‡b `„p msKí

Avi wekvj AvZ¥Z¨v‡M cy‡iv evOvwj RvwZB wQj wek¦e¨vcx msev` wk‡ivbvg| G c_ †cwi‡qB Avgv‡ì AvR‡Ki †MŠie`xß evsjv‡`k| G Avgv‡ì eo AnsKvi| K. ÔPÿzÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. ÔGB w`b hvc‡b †Kvb Kó †bBÕÑ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav PwiÎwUi e¨vL¨v

Ki| 3 N. ÔG c_ †cwi‡qB Avgv‡ì AvR‡Ki †MŠie`xß evsjv‡`kÕÑ

ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K H c‡_i ¯iƒc we‡kølY Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 wbZzi eqm c‡b‡iv| Zvi we‡qi Rb¨ evev cÂv‡kvaŸ© GK abvX¨ cvÎ

wVK K‡i‡Q| G we‡q‡Z wbZzi gZ †bB| wKš‘ evevi mvg‡b cÖwZev` Kivi g‡Zv kw³ †bB Zvi, †m ïay Kuv‡`| K. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi †Kv_vq wQj? 1 L. cxi mv‡ne‡K ewncxi ejvi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wbZzi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨

i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔwbZz Zv‡niv‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q|ÕÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4

11 gvbevwaKv‡ii cZvKvevnx cwðgv wek¦ Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb g„Zz¨`Ð Kvh©Ki n‡Z †`L‡jB ˆn-ˆn-î-î wPrKv‡i Pviw`K cÖKw¤úZ K‡i †Zv‡j| Zv‡ì †`‡k g„Zz¨`Ð AcÖPwjZ, wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k cÖPwjZ G weavb‡K Zviv gvbeZvi j•Nb I wech©q N‡U †h, Zvi e¨vcv‡i Ime †`k eo AvMÖnx Zviv `viæY AvMÖnx bvbv gvbe weaŸsmx gviYv¯¿ ˆZwi I mieiv‡n| K. m~h©v Í AvBb cÖYxZ nq KZ mv‡j? 1 L. Ô†Rvi Ryjyg Kwiqv cvMjv nvwZ‡KI ek Kiv hvqÓÑ cx‡ii

GK_v ejvi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi mv‡_ Zv‡nivi e³e¨ fvebvi mv`„k¨ eywS‡q †jL| 3 N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvUK Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB gvby‡li ¯^we‡ivax

AvPiY dz‡U D‡V‡QÓÑ h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4



K AskM`¨ 1 NUbv-1 : `xN©w`b a‡iB n„`‡iv‡M fzM‡Qb wiKkvPvjK Kwig| gv‡S gv‡S

GK KweivR †_‡K Ilya wK‡b †L‡Zb| MZ kwbevi Zvi cÖPÐ eyK e¨_v ïiæ nq Ges UvKvi Afv‡e webv wPwKrmvq Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| Zvi †Q‡j wfÿv K‡i UvKv †RvMvo K‡i A‡bK K‡ó Zv‡K Kei †Ìqvi eë¯’v K‡i|

NUbv-2 : `xN©w`b a‡iB n„`‡iv‡M fzM‡Qb nvwdR mv‡ne| gv‡S gv‡S A‡bK UvKv LiP K‡i nvmcvZv‡j kixi †PKAvc Kiv‡Zb| MZ kwbevi Zvi cÖPÐ eyK e¨_v DV‡j Zv‡K nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv nq Ges c‡ii w`b wZwb gviv hvb| Zvi †Q‡j Zvi Ke‡ii Rb¨ Avjv`v RvqMv wK‡b wekvj Av‡qvRb K‡i Zv‡K mgvwa¯’ K‡i| K. VvKzi`vm gnvk‡qi ¯¿x‡K AfvMx Kx e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡iwQj? 1 L. KvOvjx‡K †Kb Zvi gv‡qi †Kv‡j e‡m †Ljvayjvi mva †gUv‡Z nq? 2 M. NUbv-1 Gi mv‡_ ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †Kvb cÖm‡½i wgj cvIqv

hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. NUbv-1 I NUbv-2 G †h cv_©K¨ jÿ Kiv hvq Zv‡Z ÔAfvMxi

¯^M©Õ M‡íi g~jfve Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q wK? hyw³c~Y© gZvgZ `vI| 4 2 Rvgvb mv‡ne Av`k©ev`x ivRbxwZK| MYgvby‡li AwaKvi Av`v‡qi

`vwe‡Z we‡ivax cÿ KZ…©K wZwb evi evi wbh©vwZZ nb| wKš‘ MZ wbe©vP‡b weRqx n‡qB wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib, Avcbviv mevB Avgvi fvB| Avmyb Avgiv AZx‡Z mKj kÎæZv fz‡j Kuv‡a Kuva wgwj‡q KvR Kwi| †`kUv‡K my›ì K‡i M‡o Zzwj| K. nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) gvby‡li gb AvKl©Y K‡iwQ‡jb Kx Øviv? 1 L. nhiZ Igi (iv.)-Gi wkw_j A½ gvwU‡Z jyUv‡jv †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei Pwi‡Î Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi

nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi †Kvb ¸YwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒnhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi gnvb †bZ…‡Z¡i Av`k© Rvgvb mv‡ne‡K †`k‡cÖ‡g

DØy× K‡iÓ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gZvgZ `vI| 4 3 we‡`ªvnx iYK¬všÍ, Avwg †mBw`b ne kvšÍ h‡e Drcxwo‡Zi µ›`b †ivj, AvKv‡k evZv‡m aŸwb‡e bv AZ¨vPvixi LoM K…cvY fxg iYf‚‡g iwY‡e bv|

K. gnvZ¥v MvÜxi w`‡K Kviv nvnv K‡i Qy‡U wQj? 1 L. Ô†`wL‡e wek¦ †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi‡eÕ †Kgb K‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi

cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ôe³‡eï mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki we‡`ªvnx g~wZ© ÔD‡cwÿZ

kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü A‡bKUvB Abycw¯’ZÕ Dw³wU KZUzKz mg_©b‡hvM¨? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4

4 mËi eQ‡ii e„×v ivby‡eMg d¨vj d¨vj K‡i †P‡q Av‡Q ÿZ-weÿZ, i³v³ †lvokx bvZbxwUi w`‡K| cvK nvbv`vi‡ì wbh©vZ‡b †m GLb wb_i, Íä, e„×vi GKgvÎ †Q‡j ingvb gyw³hy‡× hvevi mgq †g‡qwU e‡jwQj, ÒhvBI bv evRvb, Zzwg bv _vK‡j Avgv‡Mv‡i †K `¨vL‡e?Ó m‡mœ‡n ingvb e‡j, ÒZzB †hgb- Avgvi gv, †Zvi `vwÌ Avgvi gv, †Zgwb †`kI Avgvi gv| AvBRKv †`k gv‡q‡i iÿv KivB †ewk ìKvi| K. ÔKw_Kv k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. ÒAvm‡j hv Kcv‡j Av‡Q Zv n‡eBÓ Dw³wU‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cvK nvbv`vi‡ì †Kvb w`KwU ÔGKvË‡ii

w`b¸wjÕ iPbvq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ingv‡bi wPšÍv‡PZbvi m‡½, ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ iPbvi

†jwLKv I Zvi ¯^vgxi wPšÍv‡PZbv GK m~‡Î Muv_v- we‡kølY Ki| 4 L AskKweZv

5 nv‡kg GKRb gyw` †`vKvb`vi| Zvi †`vKvbwU nVvr cy‡o hvIqvq me© ^všÍ n‡q c‡o †m| ax‡i ax‡i nv‡kg k³ n‡q I‡V| eZ©gv‡b †m XvKvq wiKkv Pvjvq| Rxeb msMÖv‡g †m nvi gv‡bwb| K. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq iwPZ gnvKv‡eï bvg Kx? 1 L. Rxe‡bi g~j¨ wbiƒcY Kiv hvq †Kgb K‡i? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki nv‡k‡gi †Kvb w`KwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ Avi ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi fve GKÓ

we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 wPiw`bB gv‡Mv Ze Kiæbvq, Nb Qvov †cÖg w`kv Lyu‡R cvq, H AvKv‡k hw` gv Kfz I‡V So, †m AvNvZ eyK †c‡Z je| hZB `ytL Zzwg †`‡e `vI, Rvwb †k‡l Zzwg †Kv‡j Zz‡j bvI gv‡Mv Zzwg Qvov G Auvav‡i MwZ bvB, †Zvgvq †Kg‡b fz‡j ie| c‡_i K¬vwšÍ fz‡j †mœnfiv †Kv‡i Ze gv‡Mv ej K‡e kxZj ne|

K. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq †Q‡j gv‡K Xu¨v‡ci †gvqv ivL‡Z e‡j‡Q †Kv_vq? 1

L. gv ûZz‡gi WvK‡K gi‡Yi `~Z †f‡e‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi fvee ‘ mvgvb¨B aiv c‡o‡QÓ|

Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7 Ajf¨ R‡qi †jv‡f, R¡vjvq kni, MÖv‡g MÖv‡g cÖvPxb msnwZ †f‡O fMœ Í‚‡c `~‡ii DjøyK euv‡a †Kjøv, (cvi‡e bv, cvi‡e bv) cvcvkÖqx ciRxex hZB jyÉb K‡i km¨ cvU cY¨, N‡i N‡i Qvovq Av‡gi †kvK, ag©bvk nZ¨vi Qvqvq †N‡i AvZ© M„n¯’vwj, PZz¸©Y wn›`y gymjgvb evsjvi evOvwj ZZ Rv‡b Rš§g„Zzï eÜ‡b Awfbœ Avcb mËv|

K. AvK…wZ‡Z evOvwjiv †Kgb? 1 L. ÔN„Yvi KvZz©RÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi †Kvb fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Òmvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi c~Y©fve DÏxc‡K aiv c‡owb,Ó

K_vwUi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4

M AskDcb¨vm 8 myg‡bi gv‡qi msmv‡i nVvr AÜKvi †b‡g G‡m‡Q| G evwoi GKgvÎ

†Q‡j‡K mš¿vmxiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| †mvnv‡Mi msmv‡i †KD †bB| myg‡bi gv †mvnvM‡K e‡j, ZzB _vK‡j †Zvi gvgvi `ytL-†kvK Kg‡e| mygb! mygb! K‡i KvbœvKvwU Ki‡e bv, AvwgI myg‡bi †kvK fzj‡Z cvie| ZviciI †mvnvM _v‡K bv| K. wgwjUvwii ¸wj‡Z MÖv‡g cÖ_g †K gviv hvq? 1 L. Òhy‡×i mgq KZ R¡vjv †h mB‡Z nq,Ó e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m¤úK© wbY©q Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖ fve aviY K‡i Kx?

†hŠw³K gZvgZ `vI| 4 9 Acivax‡ì aivi Rb¨ †Mv‡q›`v cywjk‡ì A‡bK iKg cš’v Aej¤^b

Ki‡Z nq| †hgb gv`K †PvivPvjvbKvix P‡µi mÜvb I Zv‡ì nv‡Z bv‡Z ai‡Z A‡bK mgq Zviv gv`K`ªe¨ †µZvi f‚wgKvq Awfbq K‡ib| K. eyav Kvi Kv‡Q MYKei m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvBj? 1 L. Kx Kvi‡Y eyavi g‡b nq KzwšÍ eo n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`K Zz‡j ai| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †Mv‡q›`v cywj‡ki Kg©KvÐ eyavi mgag©x Kg©KvÐ

mg~‡ni g‡ZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b n‡jI eyavi Kg©Kv‡Ði Zvrch© A‡bK †ewkÓ gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

N AskbvUK 10 k¦ïievwoi gvby‡li AZ¨vPv‡i Av‡jqv Ni †Q‡o ev‡ci evwo P‡j

Avmj| GjvKvi gKeyj ûRyi‡K Lei w`‡j †m ejj, Av‡jqvi gv_vq e` wR¡b fi K‡i‡Q| SvodzuK w`‡j †m k¦ïi evwo wd‡i hv‡e| Av‡jqvi evev ûRyi‡K `vIqvZ K‡i Av‡jqv‡K SvodzuK w`‡jI †m wKQy‡ZB k¦ïievwo wd‡i †M‡jv bv| K. cÖ_g gÂvwqZ bvU‡Ki bvg Kx? 1 L. ÒXv‡Ki †Xvj evRv‡j AvIqvR nq wKš‘ AšÍtmvik~b¨Ó K_vwU

eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jqvi g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h w`KwU dz‡U

D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ûRyi Av‡jqv‡K †h SvodzuK w`‡q‡Q Zv GKwU mvgvwRK

Kzms¯‹vi GK_vwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 MÖv‡gi D”P wkwÿZ †Q‡j Avãyjøvni mv‡_ iv‡njvi we‡q wVK n‡j iv‡njv

Rvbvq, Avãyjøvn‡K Zvi cQ›` nqwb| evev-gv †Rvi K‡i iv‡njvi we‡q w`‡Z PvB‡j Avãyjøvn ejj, Avgvi g‡a¨ Kx gvbeZv †bB? G we‡q n‡e bv| Avãyjøvni evev gv †Q‡ji K_vq we‡qi Av‡qvRb eÜ K‡i w`j| K. Bmjvg a‡g©i †Kvb e¨vL¨vi m~Î a‡i cxi mgv‡Ri m„wó? 1 L. cvkvcvwk e‡mI `yBR‡bi g‡a¨ Avmgvb Rwg‡bi cÖ‡f` nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Avãyjøvni mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii êmv`„k¨

Zz‡j ai| 3 N. Ò DÏxc‡Ki g~j welqe¯‘i mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mvgvb¨B wgj

†`Lv hvqÓ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4



K AskM`¨ 1 Kbv I iæbv yB †evb| I‡ì Lye fve| Lye KgB SMov nq I‡ì|

¯‹z‡j hvIqvi c‡_ e‡bvdzj wn‡o †ebxi m‡½ †Mu‡_ iv‡L| dwos a‡i, Avevi AvKv‡k Dwo‡q †`q| K. Acyi †Uvj-LvIqv wU‡bi †fucy euvwki `vg KZ? 1 L. ÔAvgvi Kvco †h evwm Acy GK_v †Kb e‡j‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g~jfve‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e

aviY K‡i wK? DË‡ii ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 2 ïay we‡N `yB wQj †gvi fzuB, Avi meB †M‡Q av‡b| evey ewj‡jb

ey‡S‡Qv D‡cb, G Rwg jBe wK‡b, Kwnjvg Avwg Zzwg f‚-¯^vgx, f‚wgi AšÍ bvB, †P‡q †`‡Lv †gvi Av‡Q e‡ov‡Rvi gwievi g‡Zv VuvB| c‡i gvm‡`‡o wfUv gvwU †Q‡o evwni nBby c‡_ Kwej wWw·, mKwj wewµ wg_¨v †`bvi h‡Z| G RM‡Z nq, †mBÕ †ewk Pvq Av‡Q hvi f‚wi f‚wi-ivRvi n Í K‡i mg Í Kv½v‡ji ab Pzwi| K. AfvMxi ¯M© M‡íi k¥kvbwU †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? 1 L. Ògv g‡i‡Q Z hv wb‡P †b‡e ùvovÓ Aai iv‡gi Giƒc Dw³i

KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki D‡cb, M‡íi Kv½vwji cÖwZwbwa wKbv gZvg‡Zi

¯^c‡ÿ †Zvgvi hyw³ Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 3 hy³ivóª Pxb evwYR¨hy‡× A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× Kg‡e we‡k¦i| G hy‡×i

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4 Avgvi evwo hvBI †fvgi em‡Z †è wcu‡o, Rjcvb †h Ki‡Z †è kvwjav‡bi wP‡o| Avgvi evwoi Wvwjg Mv‡Q Wvwjg dz‡ji nvwm KvRjv w`wNi KvRj R‡j nuvm¸wj hvq fvwm|

K. †Kvb RvqMvi eiwd Av½yi Zvgvg AvdMvwb¯’v‡b gkûi? 1 L. Avãyi ingvb‡K indzb †gŠjv ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnbxi †Kvb we‡kl w`KwU dz‡U

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K. ey‡bvc‡_ Kviv P‡j? 1 L. ûZzg cu¨vPvi WvK‡K AKj¨vYKi g‡b Kiv nq †Kb? 2 M. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki êmv`„k¨¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI| 3 N. DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi mv‡_ AvcvZ`„wó‡Z êkv`„k¨ _vK‡jI

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N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki cÖwZdwjZ iƒcwU ÔgvbylÓ KweZvi gg©K_v|Ó gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

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n‡q‡Q? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ msMÖvgx †PZbv †hb ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ

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e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi LÐvs‡ki cÖwZdjb gvÎ


10 b`xi G K‚j fv‡O I K‚j M‡o GB‡Zv f‡ei †Ljv mKvj †ejvi abx‡i ZzB dwKi mÜ¨v †ejv|

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†`Lv hvq? we‡kølY Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe bqÕ gšÍe¨wU

e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 11 moK `yN©Ubvq cÖv‡Y †eu‡P hvq M„nea~ †ivKmvb| Zv‡K nvmcvZv‡j

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Avwji m‡½ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K †ivKmvb Gi moK `yN©Ubv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K m„ó

`yN©UbviB cÖwZiƒcÓ gZvgZ `vI| 4



K Ask M`¨ 1 MÖv‡gi Wvbwc‡U I `yó †Q‡j‡ì †`‡L ¯‹z‡ji bZzb m¨vi Zv‡ì

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K. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í Rwg`v‡ii †Mvg Ívi bvg Kx? 1 L. AfvMxi Rxebbv‡Uï †kl A¼ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. ÒDÏxc‡Ki PÐvj ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi KvOvjxi cÖwZwbwa|Ó

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv g‡bvfveB ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †jL‡Ki

cÖZ¨vkv|Ó g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 3 nvmïm GK cÖKvi fve`„wó| Bnvi mvnv‡h¨ †jLK gvbeRxe‡bi

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Ki| 4 4 Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯axbZv, mvwKbv wewei Kcvj fvOj, wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj nwi`vmxi †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯âxbZv|

K. 1971 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi KZ Zvwi‡L gva¨wgK ¯‹zj †Lvjvi ûKzg n‡qwQj? 1

L. ÒPigcÎÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi mv`„k¨-êmv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †jwLKvi wcÖqRb‡ì nviv‡bvi cwiw¯’wZ

DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ GKB m~‡Î Mvu_v we‡kølY Ki| 4 L Ask KweZv

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K. ÒnvwejvlÓ A_© Kx? 1 L. Ò†mB evK¨ ey‡S cÖfz Av‡c wbiÄbÓ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?

eywS‡q †jL| 3 N. DÏxcKwU Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g~j myi‡K †ck K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi

gZvg‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

6 ïbn gvbyl fvB, mevi Dci gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|

K. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Ke¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z? 1 L. H gw›ì c~Rvixi, nvq †èZv, †Zvgvi bq? fzLvwii Ggb

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K. ÒdwUK RjÓ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. Òmy›`‡ii Z…òv hvi Avgiv avB Zvi Av‡kBÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU eY©bv Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve avib K‡i bv|Ó

gšÍe¨wUi mZ¨Zv wePvi Ki| 4 M Ask Dcb¨vm

8 1971 mvj| Avgv‡ì BwZnv‡mi GK †MŠiegq Aa¨vq| wbh©vZb, nZ¨v, evwoNi cy‡o hvIqv ¯^P‡ÿ †`‡L †`kevmx| Zuv‡ì g‡b cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZ‡kv‡ai evmbv Rv‡M| Zuviv `„pcÖwZÁ, kÎæi †gvKvwejv K‡i †`k‡K gy³ I ¯^vaxb Ki‡e| K. †bvjK eyqv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g WvKZ? 1 L. ÒMYKeiÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨vmwU Avgv‡ì BwZnv‡mi GK †MŠiegq

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9 ¯^vaxbZv nxbZvq †K euvwP‡Z Pvq †n †K euvwP‡Z Pvq? `vmZ¡ k„•Lj ej †K cwi‡e cvq †n †K cwi‡e cvq?

K. weby nvm‡j Kx g‡b nq? 1 L. eyavi PvwP eyav‡K KvgvB Ki‡Z e‡j †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`K‡K aviY K‡i?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡i wK?

hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki| 4 N Ask bvUK

10 wcZ…gvZ…nviv Avqkv gvgvi evwo‡Z _v‡K| gvwg Zv‡K †evSv g‡b K‡i| ZvB we‡qi eqm nIqvi Av‡MB Zv‡K mwZ‡bi msmv‡i GK e„‡×i mv‡_ †Rvi K‡i we‡q w`‡q †`q| Avqkv GB we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB cvwj‡q †m kn‡i P‡j hvq Ges GKwU Mv‡g©›U‡m KvR wb‡q AvZ¥wbf©ikxj n‡q I‡V| K. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †kl msjvcwU Kvi? 1 L. ÔGgb †g‡qI Kv‡iv †c‡U Rš§vq RvbZvg bvÓ K_vwU ejvi

KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avqkv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv cy‡ivcywi GK

iKg bqÓ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 11 b`xi GK‚j fv‡O IK‚j M‡o GB †Zv f‡ei †Ljv mKvj †ejvi Avwgi †i ZzB dwKi mÜ¨v †ejv|

K. m~h©v Í AvBb KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? 1 L. Òwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_vÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡eï cÖwZdwjZ w`K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb

Pwi‡Î †`Lv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe bqÓ gšÍe¨wU

g~j¨vqb Ki| 4



K AskM`¨ 1 MÖv‡gi bvg b›`xcyi, GLv‡b cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I gva¨wgK we`¨vjq

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e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. iægv I mygv Dcjwä I Ôcqjv êkvLÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖwZdwjZ

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K. ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖeÜwU †Kvb cUf‚wg‡Z †jLv? 1 L. wek¦ KLb Avgv‡ì bg¯‹vi Rvbv‡e? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÔD‡cwÿZ kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU

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n‡j Avgv‡ì mgvR A‡bK my›ì n‡Zv K_vwU ggZvw` M‡íi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4

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†bB Dw³wUi we‡kølY Ki| 4 6 †Zvgvi †hLv‡b mva P‡j hvI Avwg GB evsjvi cv‡i i‡q hve, †`wLe KuvVvj cvZv Swi‡Z‡Q †fv‡ii evZv‡m, †`wLe L‡qwi Wvbv kvwj‡Li mÜ¨vq wng n‡q Av‡m aej †jv‡i wb‡P Zvnvi njy` V¨vs Nv‡m AÜKv‡i †b‡P P‡j GKevi `yBevi Zvici nVvr Zvnv‡i e‡bi wnRj MvQ WvK w`‡q wb‡q hvq n„`‡qi cv‡k|

K. ÔAf¨vMZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. Avwg Zvi wPi‡Pbv ¯Rb GKRb Kwe G K_v e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki I Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB KweZvi †h cÖK…wZ

cwiPq cvIqv hvq Zv‡ì mv`„k¨ I êmv`„k¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. Dfq †ÿ‡Î ¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q KweZv

I DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi gZvgZ we‡kølY Ki| 4 7 Avwg evsjvi Mvb MvB Avwg Avgvi Avwg‡K wPiw`b GB evsjvq Luy‡R cvB| Avwg evsjvq †`wL ¯cœ Avwg evsjvi euvwa myi Avwg GB evsjvq gvqv fiv c‡_ †nu‡UwQ GZUv `~i|

K. evOvwj RvwZi exR gš¿wU Kx? 1 L. ÒAvwg †h, G‡mwQ Rq evsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡KÓ ej‡Z Kx

eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. ÒDÏxcKwUi g~j e³e¨ †Kvb w`K w`‡q Avgvi cwiPq

KweZvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ô†nu‡UwQ GZUv `~iÕ DÏxc‡Ki G Dw³wU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ

KweZvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 M AskDcb¨vm

8 †mv‡nj 26 eQ‡ii UMe‡M hyeK| Zvi Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ ˆmwbK nIqv| †KD hw` Zv‡K wRÁvmv K‡i †Kb †m ˆmwbK n‡Z Pvq? ZLb †m Reve †`q ÒG‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ jv‡Lv ˆmwbK Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb| †`k iÿvi GB gnvb eªZ‡K Avwg Av`k© wn‡m‡e wb‡qwQ| †`k‡K kÎægy³ I †`‡ki fveg~wZ© wek¦ ìev‡i mgy¾¡j ivL‡Z Avwg ˆmwb‡Ki †ckv‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z PvBÓ| K. Kviv cÖvZt¯§iYxq n‡q‡Qb? 1 L. ÒAvqy †hb ˆkev‡ji bxiÓ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2 M. Rxeb m½xZ KweZvi e³‡eï mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡n‡ji

msKí Zzjbv Ki| 3 N. DÏxcKwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi g~j fve‡K Av‡jvwKZ

K‡i‡Q e³e¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 9 K‡qK gvm c‡i Muv‡q wgwjUvwi Av‡m| Amxg kni †_‡K Avmv

†Q‡j‡ì Kv‡Q ivB‡dj Pvjv‡bv wk‡L †bq| Zvici M‡o †Zv‡j gyw³evwnbx| b`xi av‡iB evRvi| †mw`b evRv‡i †M‡j cvwK¯Ívwb wgwjUvwii mvg‡b c‡o hvq Amxg| Iiv ¸wj Qyo‡Z Qyo‡Z Av‡m| GKwU ey‡jU G‡m jv‡M Amx‡gi ey‡K| i‡³ †f‡m hvq gvwU| c‡o _v‡K jvk| Amx‡gi i‡³ G‡m‡Q cZvKv| K. ÔGBme cÖRvcwZ Zvi Rb¨Õ Dw³wU †K K‡iwQj? 1 L. wgVzi gv eyav‡K gay e‡j WvK‡Z Pvq †Kb? 2 M. ÒDÏxcKwUi †Kvb fve KvKZvo–qvÓ M‡íi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©,

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Amxg I gayi g„Zz¨ †hb i³v³ cZvKvi †kÖô AR©b gšÍe¨wU


10 Avwg GK gyw³‡hv×v, g„Zz¨ wcQ‡b Av‡M, fqvj wekvj bLi †gwjqv wèm iRbx Rv‡M| KL‡bv †m Z¡‡i ag© †jevm cwðg n‡Z †Kbv|

K. A‡Zv fve‡j wK †KD cvjv‡Z cv‡i? Dw³wU Kvi? 1 L. Ôhy× QvovI giY Av‡QÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb fvewU ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv‡_

mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki gyw³‡hv×v Avi ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav †hb

GK I AwfbœÓ Dw³wUi Zvrch© wbiƒcY Ki| 4 11 ivbv I iæwe wcVvwcwV fvB‡evb| ivbv ¯‹z‡j †M‡jI iæwei †m my‡hvM

†bB| iæwe Zvi gv‡K covi K_v ej‡jI †g‡q‡ì N‡ii Kv‡R mvnvh¨ KivB g~j `vwqZ¡ e‡j g‡b K‡ib Ii gv| iæwei gZvg‡Zi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †`q bv Ii cwievi| K. Zv‡niv‡K LyuR‡Z ewncxi me©cÖ_g †Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡jb? 1 L. Ôcvwb‡Z Suvc w`‡q gi‡ev, Zey hv‡e bvÕ Zv‡nivi Ggb

GK¸u‡qwgi KviY Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki iæwei gvi mv‡_ ewncxi bvU‡Ki mv`„k¨c~Y© PwiÎwU

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K bvixi e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZv cÖm½wU †hfv‡e

G‡m‡Q Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4


NCTB KZ‡ÆK cÉ î P„ov¯¦ gvbe¥ŸGbi AvGjvGK

‰ÝKÑzwmf gGWj ÛÕ¡ I Dîigvjv : eüwbeÆvPwb gvÕ¡vi ÛÇBbvi cÅvGbj KZ‡ÆK

cÉYxZ

46 G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 01 welq †KvW : 1 0 1 mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30 [we‡kl ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó DË‡ii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg

Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †Ìqv hv‡e bv|]

1. Ô†h RvwZ g‡b eo bq, †m RvwZ Áv‡bI eo bqÕ GwU Kvi Dw³?

K †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi L †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayixi M Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi N cÖg_ †PŠayixi 2. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq

AZ¨šÍ ìw` fvlvq Dc ’vcb K‡i‡Qb i. mvgšÍev‡ì wbg©g wPÎ ii. nZ`wi`ª gvby‡li `ytL Kó hš¿Yv iii. DuPz †kÖwYi g„‡Zi Abvo¤î A‡šÍ¨wówµqv


3. Kvi ¯§„wZ iÿv‡_© nReªZxiv mvdv-gviIqv †`Š‡o _v‡Kb?

K nhiZ BmivBj (Av.) L nhiZ Beivwng (Av.) M wewe nv‡Riv (iv.) N nhiZ Av‡kqv (iv.) 4. Ôevn&, Kx my›ì cvZv¸wjÕ evK¨wU‡Z

wK‡mi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? K gvqvi L e¨‡½i M ‘wZi N gy»Zvi 5. gvbyl n‡q gvbyl‡K N„Yv Kiv wK‡mi ag© bq? K RM‡Zi L AvZ¥vi M gvby‡li N gvbeZvi DÏxcKwU c‡o 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : AvwRg mv‡ne miKvwi PvKwi K‡ib|

†eZ‡bi UvKvq Zvi msmvi P‡j bv| ZvB A‰bwZKfv‡e AwZwi³ UvKv Avq K‡ib| hwÌ wek¦we`¨vj‡q covi mgq Zvi Ab¨ iKg ¯cœ wQj|

6. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki AvwRg mv‡ne A‰bwZK KvR K‡ib?

K gbyl¨Z¡‡eva L gvbweKZv M ÿzrwccvmv N g~j¨‡eva 7. DÏxc‡K Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb

w`KwU Abycw¯’Z? i. gyw³i ¯v` ii. g~j¨‡eva iii. A_©wPšÍv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 8. ÔKvi †Mvqvj †K †`q †auvqvÕ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ

M‡í †jLK Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S Kx †`‡L GK_v e‡j‡Qb?

K AvšÍwiKZvi evovevwo L kw³gËvi cwiPq M †fvRbwejv‡mi cwiPq N Áv‡bi eni

9. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †jL‡Ki evwo‡Z KzUz‡giv Kx Kx wgwó wb‡q G‡mwQj?

K im‡Mvjøv I Kv‡jvRvg L m‡›`k I im‡Mvjøv M imgvjvB m‡›`k N KuvPv‡Mvjøv I PgPg 10. ÔgvQ LvIqvB ev` w`‡qwQÕ ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ

iPbvq †jwLKv †Kb gvQ LvIqv ev` w`‡qwQ‡jb? K gv‡Qi cPb a‡iwQj e‡j L b`x‡Z cÖPzi cPv jvk wQj e‡j M gv‡Q goK a‡iwQj e‡j N gvQ LvIqv Ab¨vq e‡j 11. †Kvb RvZxq iPbvq †jL‡Ki cvwÐ‡Zï

cwiPq gyL¨ n‡q †`Lv †`q? K Dcb¨vm L KweZv M cÖeÜ N †QvUMí 12. gnvivRvi iæwPi cwiPq cvIqv hvq Kx †`‡L? K wewPÎ ai‡bi eB L evwoi bKkv M QvcvLvbv N †Rbv‡iUi 13. ÔwKZve cwo‡Z hvi bvwnK Af¨vmÕ

GLv‡b Kv‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K AwkwÿZ †jvKRb L wkwÿZ †jvKRb M evsjvfvlvfvlx †jvKRb N mvaviY †jvKRb 14. ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi Aby‡cÖiYvq Kwe †ngP›`ª

e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †Kvb gnvKve¨wU iPbv K‡ib? K e„Îmsnvi L AvkvKvbb M exievû N Qvqvgqx 15. ÔwejvB Zvb Zij †køvKÕ Gi c‡ii PiY

†KvbwU? K wSjwgjvB w`Kwew`K& L P‡Kvi Pvq P›`ªgvq M Zvi †Luv‡RB weivg †bB N Avgiv PvB gy» †PvL DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : me †jv‡K Kq jvjb Kx RvZ msmv‡i| jvjb

Kq †R‡Zi Kxiƒc †`Ljvg bv G bR‡i| 16. DÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘i mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q

wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Yi? K wZwgi ivwÎ, c_ Ry‡o Zvi ÿzavi

gvwbK R¡‡j L gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQy bvB b‡n wKQy gnxqvb M H gw›ì c~Rvwii, nvq †èZv, †Zvgvi bq N †Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÐ Mv‡n ¯^v‡_©i Rq 17. D³ Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q

i. gvbe‡cÖg ii. mvgëv` iii. gvby‡li †kÖôZ¡


18. Ô†mBw`b GB gvV ¯Íä n‡e bv‡Kv RvwbÕ GLv‡b ÔgvVÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?

K cÖK…wZ L mf¨Zv M Hk¦h© N †mŠ›`h© 19. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq iæM&Y †Q‡j gv‡K Kx

hZb K‡i ivL‡Z e‡j‡Q? K ûo–g L jvBU M †gvqv N cvUvwj 20. Ô†h_vq †jv‡K Zz”Q wb‡q Zzó _v‡K fvBÕ GB

Pi‡Yi mv‡_ fveMZ mv`„k¨ Av‡Q †Kvb Dw³i? K A_©wPšÍvi wbM‡o mK‡j e›`x L Abœe‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡q gyw³ eo M A_©mvabvB Rxebmvabv bq N †jdvdv yiw¯Í Avi wkÿv GK K_v bq 21. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwe

Ôwmœ» gvwUi myevmÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? K myevwmZ I De©i gvwU L KvRj wgwkÖZ gvwU M †Kvgj I myevwmZ MÖvgevsjv N gvqvex I AvKl©Yxq MÖvgevsjv 22. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq

†R‡jcvovi me‡P‡q mvnmx †jvKwU †K? K mMxi Avjx L †Kó `vm M iæ¯Íg †kL N gZje wgqv 23. Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨Õ Zvnvi Dc‡i

bvBÕ GwU n‡jv evOvwji K †PZbv L HwZn¨ M g~jgš¿ N exRgš¿ 24. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq †Kvb b`xi

D‡jøL i‡q‡Q? K †gNbv L hgybv M eywoM½v N KY©dzwj 25. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewY©Z So n‡qwQj KLb? K mÜ¨vq L we‡K‡j M mKv‡j N †kl iv‡Z 26. ÔAvwg Gfv‡e UvKv wb‡Z cvie bv| hvq

hvK Rwg`vwi|Õ evK¨wU‡Z nv‡Zg Avwji Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K K‚U‡KŠkj L gvbweK g~j¨‡eva M a~Z©Zv N ev¯Íe Ávb 27. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU gvbweK RvMi‡Yi K `„k¨Kve¨ L kÖe¨Kve¨ M Kveïƒc N `xcvwj 28. ÁGLb †_‡K †Zv‡K Avwg ÔRq evsjvÕ e‡j

WvKe|Ó GLv‡b Kv‡K WvKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K dzjKwj‡K L KzwšÍ‡K M eyav‡K N wgVz‡K 29. Ôgi‡Yi K_v g‡b Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq

bv|Õ K_vwU †K e‡j‡Q? K eyav L kvnveywÏb M dzjKwj N KzwšÍ 30. †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Dcb¨vm Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q

i. Aviwe-wnw›` fvlvq ii. iæk-Rvcvwb fvlvq iii. Bs‡iwR-divwm fvlvq




Self

test


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1 N 2 N 3 M 4 N 5 L 6 M 7 M 8 K 9 L 10 L 11 M 12 K 13 N 14 K 15 L

16 L 17 N 18 K 19 L 20 L 21 N 22 L 23 N 24 M 25 N 26 L 27 K 28 K 29 N 30 N


47 G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 02 welq †KvW : 1 0 1 mgq : 30 wgwbU evsjv cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30

1. me©kx I cv½ywj myfvi K_v eySZ, KviY i. ZvivI wQj evKnxb ii. Zv‡ì cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv wQj iii. myfv Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejZ


2. ÔPvi-Bqvwi K_vÕ cÖg_ †PŠayixi †Kvb ai‡bi cÖš’?

K cÖeÜ L Mí M Kve¨ N bvUK 3. Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi KveïPbvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? K mvaviY gvby‡li gb Rq L wbR fvlv‡K fv‡jvevmv M AvZ¥cÖPvi Kiv N m„wóKZ©v‡K Lywk ivLv 4. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb c×wZwUi

g‡a¨ Kwei ¯^‡`k †cÖ‡gi m‡e©v”P ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q?

K mZZ †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b L `y» †mªv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wgi Í‡b M Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv N jB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i msMx‡Z 5. mnvq m¤ú`‡K NywP‡q †`q K gvbyl L msmvi M Kvj N AkvwšÍ 6. AfvMxi ¯M© M‡í cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q

i. myL ii. ¯^v”Q›`¨ iii. mšÍvb evrmj¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii M iii N ii I iii

7. BD‡ivc Av‡gwiKvi g‡Zv Avgv‡ì †`‡kI AbvMZKv‡j †Kvb mvwnZ¨ Av`‡ii Avmb cv‡e?

K cwjømvwnZ¨ L cÖ‡jZvwi‡qZ mvwnZ¨ M bvMwiK mvwnZ¨ N kû‡i mvwnZ¨

DÏxcKwU c‡o 8 I 9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Òmd`vi Wv³vi gv_v fiv UvK Zvi/wL‡`

†c‡j cvwb Lvq wPwe‡q/†Pqv‡i‡Z ivZw`b e‡m †Mv‡b `yB-wZb/c‡o eB Av‡jvUvi wbwf‡q|

8. DÏxc‡Ki md`vi Wv³v‡ii mv‡_ ÔRyZv Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvi Kv‡ì wgj i‡q‡Q?

K gš¿xi L cÐxZ‡ì M ivRvi N gyPxi 9. wg‡ji KviY¸‡jv n‡jv

i. eyw×nxbZv ii. AvR¸we Kg©KvÐ iii. Kg©nxbZv


10. wbgMvQ M‡íi †ÿ‡Î †hwU mg_©b‡hvM¨ K ivR‰bwZK †cÖÿvcU L ag©xq †cÖÿvcU M mvgvwRK †cÖÿvcU N ev¯ÍweK †cÖÿvcU 11. m‡Z¨›`øbv_ `‡Ëi Ab~w`Z Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg K Kzû I †KKv L †eYy I exYv M Zx_©‡iYy N mweZv 12. PvjZv dzj, wkwk‡ii Rj Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?

i. Kwei wbmM© cÖxwZ ii. Kwei cÖK…wZ †cÖg iii. Kwei knicÖxwZ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M ii I iii N i I ii

13. wPšÍvq ¯^vaxbZv, eyw×i ¯^vaxbZv, AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †hLv‡b †bB †mLv‡b wb‡Pi †KvbwU †bB?

K g~j¨‡eva L gyw³ M gvbeZv N ˆbwZKZv 14. cwjøRbbx KweZvq gv‡qi Av`‡i m‡¤^vab n‡jv

i. evQv‡i ii. Rv`y iii. gyL‡cvov

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 15. †h kã¸‡jv Avkv KweZvq cvIqv hvq

i. wbïZ ii. weË, Zzó iii. Avnvh©, Auvavi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I iii L ii I iii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 16. †jLK Ave`yi ingvb‡K Kxfv‡e MÖnY

K‡i‡Qb? K eva¨ n‡q L wei³ n‡q M kÖ×vi m‡½ N `vwq‡Z¡i m‡½ 17. Avnmvb nvexe †Kvb cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨

m¤úv`K wQ‡jb? K ˆ`wbK evsjv L meyRcÎ M ˆ`wbK mgKvj N ˆ`wbK msev` 18. Kwei kix‡i Kx †j‡M Av‡Q? K wmœ» gvwUi myfvm L Avjc_ M Kuv`v N AvZ¥x‡qi eÜb 19. cvwK¯Ívwbiv †h `yRb eyw×Rxex‡K nZ¨v

K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì bvg cqjv êkvL cÖe‡Ü Av‡Q Zviv n‡jv i. †Mvwe›` †è, wZZzwgi ii. wZZzwgi I g½j cv‡Û iii. gybxi †PŠayix, ÿzwaivg


* [we.`ª : mwVK DËi: †Mvwe›` †è I gybxi †PŠayix] 20. †gvjøvevwoi weaevi NiwU †Kgb? K boe‡i L `» M fvOv N Lo w`‡q evbv‡bv

21. mvwn‡Zï †Kvb kvLvwU cvV‡Ki Ávb Z…òv‡K cwiZ…ß K‡i?

K cÖeÜ L Dcb¨vm M †QvUMí N bvUK 22. ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ †KvbwU? K kxZwe‡Kj L i³‡Mvjvc M mxgv‡šÍi wmsnvmb N GK`v GK iv‡R¨ 23. mvnmx Rbbx evsjvi KweZvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q

evOvwj RvwZi? K avivevwnKZv L exiZ¡ M mvg_©¨ N BwZnvm 24. †NvomIqvi GKwU

i. KweZv ii. Dcb¨vm iii. †QvUMí


DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gÐj wgqvi mKj AcK‡g©i mn‡hvMx nvmy|

†m mvivÿY gÐj wgqv‡K Kzcivgk© †`q Avi mvaviY cÖRv‡ì mnvq-m¤^j gÐj wgqvi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`q|

25. DÏxc‡Ki ÔnvmyÕ KvKZvo–qv Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa?

K nwiKvKv L Avnv` gywÝ M wgVz N eyav 26. cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i welqwU †h `„wó‡KvY †_‡K

we‡eP¨ i. e¨w³Z¡nxbZv ii. PvUzKvi iii. mL¨Zv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii

27. we‡`wk gvbyl I wb‡R‡ì mevi Ici eyavi N„Yv evo‡Z _v‡K †Kb?

K hy‡×i Rb¨ L AZ¨vPv‡ii Rb¨ M MYnZ¨vi Rb¨ N †jvKRb cvjv‡bvi Rb¨ 28. †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j

w`‡Z Pvq †Kb? K †Q‡j‡K iÿv Ki‡Z L cx‡ii e‡Ïvqvi f‡q M a‡g©i gvb ivL‡Z N wbS©ÅvU _vK‡Z 29. ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn KZ mv‡j gva¨wgK cvm

K‡ib? K 1935 L 1937 M 1938 N 1939 30. Zv‡nivi evev Zv‡niv‡K cx‡ii m‡½ we‡q

†`b †Kb? K A‡_©i †gv‡n L ¿xi gb ivL‡Z M cx‡ii Aby‡iva ivL‡Z N cyY¨ jv‡fi Avkvq



Self

test


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1 K 2 L 3 K 4 L 5 M 6 M 7 L 8 L 9 N 10 N 11 M 12 N 13 L 14 N 15 N

16 M 17 K 18 K 19 * 20 L 21 K 22 M 23 L 24 K 25 L 26 L 27 L 28 L 29 N 30 N



1. ÔhyMevYxÕ bvgK cÖeÜ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn M KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg N Kexi †PŠayix 2. ÔZv‡qdÕ Aew¯’Z †mŠw` Avi‡ei K c~e©vÂ‡j L cwðgvÂ‡j M DËivÂ‡j N `wÿYvÂ‡j 3. Ô†Zv‡K ai‡j Avgiv GLv‡b wZbRb| wKš‘

Avgiv wZbRb bB, GKRbÕ GLv‡b cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. mvg¨ ii. RvMiY iii. HK¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N ii I iii 4. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgvwRK bvUK? K bxj `c©Y L Rbv M ey×‡è N Kvjv cvnvo DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Òkvevm evsjv‡`k G c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q iq; R¡‡j cy‡o g‡i QviLvi Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq|Ó 5. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖwZdwjZ

wPÎ i. cvwK¯Ívbx nvbv`vi‡ì ev½vwji Ici

AZ¨vPv‡ii wPÎ ii. kÎæi weiæ‡× iæ‡L ùvov‡bvi wPÎ iii. gyw³hy‡×i mgq MÖvgevmx‡ì MÖvgZ¨vM

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i I iii 6. KvKZvo–qv Dcb¨v‡m cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q

i. gyw³hy×Kvjxb †cÖÿvcU ii. GK wK‡kv‡ii mvnmx msMÖvg iii. eyavi cÖwZev`x g‡bvfve

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 7. eyav f‚Z ev RyRyi Mí †kv‡bwb KviY

i. †m Gme wek¦vm K‡i bv ii. Zvi Avcb †KD †bB iii. †m fxZz bq e‡j

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii 8. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vi wMbœx †Lv‡`Rv

i. cÖwZev`x ii. Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ iii. A_©‡jvfx

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N ii I iii 9. ÔPvwiw`‡K Avwg AvÜvi †`LwQ? Dw³wU Kvi? K nv‡k‡gi L †Lv‡`Rvi M ewncx‡ii N nv‡Z‡gi 10. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewY©Z So n‡qwQj KLb? K †kl iv‡Z L ga¨ iv‡Z M mÜ¨vq N weKv‡j DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : eKzj †jLvcovq fv‡jv wQj| cixÿvi

djvdjI fv‡jv| fv‡jv PvKwi †c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †m fv‡jv g‡›ì †Zvqv°v K‡i bv| Ab¨vqfv‡e UvKv DcvR©‡bI †m Af¨¯Í|

11. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i eKz‡ji Pwi‡Î Kx‡mi Afve i‡q‡Q?

K gyw³i L `„wófw½i M gbyl¨‡Z¡i N AvZ¥gh©v`vi 12. Ôwkÿv I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i gvby‡li

gyw³i Ab¨Zg w`K i. A_© wPšÍvi wbMo †_‡K gyw³ ii. Abœe‡¯¿i mgm¨vi mgvavb iii. wPšÍv I eyw×i ¯vaxbZv


13. ÒI‡i †K AvwQm †i, GLv‡b GKUz †Mvei Rj Qwo‡q †`Ó †Mvg Ív Aai iv‡qi G e³‡e¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q ev½vjxi cÖwZ i. AeÁv ii. weiw³ iii. Zvw”Qj¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 14. ÔiwmK nZ eyw×i g‡Zv ùvovBqv iwnjÕ †Kb? K wew›ì wcwmi K_vq L KvOvwji Ae¯’v †`‡L M g„Zz¨ c_hvÎx AfvMx‡K †`‡L N K…ZK‡g©i Rb¨ AbyZß n‡q 15. myfv w`‡bi g‡a¨ wbqwgZ KZevi †Mvqvj

N‡i †hZ? K wZbevi L Pvievi M cuvPevi N Qqevi 16. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU Kwe Avey`j nvwK‡gi

†Kvb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z? K bmxnrbvgv L jvjgwZ M b~ibvgv N mqdzjg~jK 17. evsjv Kv‡e¨ ÔAwgÎvÿi Q›`Õ cÖeZ©b K‡ib? K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L iex› ªbv_ VvKzi M †gnP› ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq N hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx 18. Òmsmv‡ii bvbv NvZ-cÖwZNvZ †gvKv‡ejv

K‡i †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡eÓ DÏxc‡Ki fvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †Kvb Pi‡Y? i. Ki hy× exh©evb, hvq hv‡e hvK cÖvY ii. Avqy †hb ˆkev‡ji bxi iii. K‡iv bv my‡Li Avk, c‡ivbv `y‡Li duvm


DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôev`kv evei Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q, wb` bvwn

†Pv‡L Zuvi cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi| Pvwiav‡i Zuvi Nbv‡q Avwm‡Q giY-AÜKvi|

19. DÏxc‡K Ôcjøx RbbxÕ KweZvi cÖKvwkZ w`KwU n‡jv i. mšÍv‡bi †ivMgyw³ ii. gv‡qi AmnvqZ¡ iii. mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ gv‡qi AvKzjZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M iii N ii I iii

20. Ôcjøx RbbxÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Y gv‡qi k¼v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K S‡o Kuv‡c †hb bx‡oi cvwLwU Rov‡q gv‡qi Wvbv

L m¤§y‡L Zvi †Nvi KzÀzwU gnvKvjivZ cvZv

M DËi w`‡Z `ywLbx gv‡qi wØ¸Y evwoZ R¡vjv N †QvU LvU KZ evqbv †c‡j cv‡i bvB wgUvevi 21. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMšÍK bBÕ KweZvq

Rwgjvi gv Kv‡ì cÖwZwbwa? K Afvex †kÖwYi L kÖgRxex‡ì M cÖwZev`x‡ì N wbh©vwZZ‡ì 22. gš¿x I cwÐZ‡ì mfvi Kx cwigvY bm¨ dzivj? K 12 wc‡c L 15 wc‡c M 17 wc‡c N 19 wc‡c 23. ÔDcjÕ k‡ãi A_© K Puv` L cv_vi M cv_i N wbf…Z 24. Ò†f‡½ †dj H fRbvj‡qi hZ Zvjv

†Ìqv ØviÓ Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi

K cÖwZev`x †PZbv L ag©fxiæZv M †ÿvf N N„Yv 25. ÒGwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR-†ewejb QvB n‡q

Av‡QÓ D³ Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q i. c„w_exi engvbZv ii. mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv iii. †mŠ›`‡h©i g„Zz¨nxbZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 26. ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx iwPZ MÖš’ †KvbwU? K giæfv¯‹i L Kvjvcvnvo M gq~iKÉx N Qq m½x DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avgvi evwoi dzj evwMPv dzj mK‡ji n‡e Avgvi N‡i gvwUi cÖ`xc Av‡jvK w`‡e m‡e| 27. DÏxc‡K ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi

mv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? i. civ‡_© Rxeb DrmM© Kiv ii. AvZ¥‡K›`ªxK n‡q cov iii. gvbe †cÖ‡g eªZx nIqv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 28. DÏxcK I ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi g~j myi n‡jv

i. gvbe Kj¨v‡YB cÖK…Z myL wbwnZ ii. weË-êfeB my‡Li g~j iii. `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨ †_‡K c‡ivcKvi Kiv

hvq bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 29. 1971 mv‡ji 13B GwcÖj Kx evi wQj? K kwbevi L iweevi M †mvgevi N g½jevi 30. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq †Kvb b`xi

D‡jøL i‡q‡Q? K eywoM½v L cÙv M hgybv N †gNbv



Self

test


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1 M 2 N 3 N 4 K 5 L 6 N 7 L 8 L 9 N 10 K 11 K 12 N 13 N 14 N 15 K

16 M 17 K 18 K 19 N 20 L 21 K 22 N 23 M 24 K 25 L 26 M 27 L 28 K 29 N 30 L



1. †KvbwU iex›`ªbv_ iwPZ Dcb¨vm? K wPÎv L ejvKv M †k‡li KweZv N WvKNi 2. myfvi †Pv‡Li fvlv

i. Amxg-D`vi ii. `y‡e©va¨ iii. AZj¯úk© Mfxi


3. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi MwZkxj PwiÎ †KvbwU? K AfvMx L KvOvjx M iwmK `y‡j N VvKzi`vm gy‡Lvcva¨vq 4. Lbv †K? K †bÎx L †R¨vwZlx M gnxqmx N Kwe 5. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q

i. cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© ii. mnR g‡bi Rxebhvc‡bi K_v iii. cÖK…wZ NwbôZv



6. nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) mZ¨ cÖPv‡i fxlY cixÿvq m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb

K Zv‡q‡d L e`‡ii hy‡× M bweZ¡ jv‡fi ci N û`vqweqvi mwÜ‡Z

DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ôcwo‡j eB Av‡jvwKZ nB

bv cwo‡j eB AÜKv‡i iB|Õ 7. DÏxcKwUi fvev_© ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb

ev‡K¨ we`¨gvb K Áv‡bi fvÐvi av‡bi fvÐvi bq L wkÿv †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv M mywkwÿZ †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkwÿZ N Avgv‡ì evRv‡i we`¨v`vZvi Afve †bB 8. DÏxcKwUi fvev_© ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h

fve‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv n‡jv i. Áv‡bi gva¨‡g †gŠwjKZ¡ AR©b ii. wkÿv h‡š¿i gva¨‡g weKwkZ nIqv iii. wkÿ‡Ki gva¨‡g weKwkZ nIqv



9. Pg©‡iv‡Mi Ae¨_© Jla Kx? K Avg MvQ L †jey MvQ M †ZuZzj MvQ N wbg MvQ 10. †Kvb †`‡k MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi AšÍivq †KvbwU? K mvaviY gvbyl L AwfRvZ m¤cÖ vq M †kÖwY‰elg¨ N †QvU‡jvK m¤cÖ`vq 11. Kwe Ave yj nvwKg KZ wLªóv‡ã Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? K AvbygvwbK 1720 wLªóv‡ã L AvbygvwbK 1260 wLªóv‡ã M AvbygvwbK 1620 wLªóv‡ã N AvbygvwbK 1660 wLªóv‡ã 12. Ôm‡bUÕ Gi ï× Bs‡iwR evbvb †KvbwU? K Sonnet L Sounet M Sownnet N Swonet 13. Kwe AwbZ¨ bq e‡j‡Qb

i. gvbyl‡K ii. RxevZ¥v‡K iii. mrKg©‡K

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii

14. Ôbm¨Õ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K wejvm `ªe¨ L Lv`¨ `ªe¨ M ZvgvK `ªe¨ N wPwKrmv `ªe¨ 15. Sibvi †Kv_vq cyjK jv‡M? K cÖv‡Y L Pi‡Y M Mv‡q N jjv‡U

DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ÒRx‡e †cÖg K‡i †hB Rb †mB Rb †mwe‡Q Ck¦i|Ó

16. GB mv`„‡kï KviY i. gvbwmKZv ii. mngwg©Zv iii. mn‡hvwMZv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii

17. wkwk‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †Kvb gvm? K †cŠl L ˆR¨ô M kÖveY N fv`ª 18. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq ÔgnvKvjÕ A‡_© Zzwg

Kx †evS? K gnv + Kvj L gnv †h Kvj M AÜKvi ivZ N `ytmgq 19. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq cÖK…Z wfZz Kviv? K cvwK¯Ívwbiv L Bs‡iRiv M evOvwjiv N Avh©iv

20. ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Kcvj fvOj Kvi? K mvwKbv wewei L mMxi Avjxi M gZje wgqvi N Abv_ wK‡kvixi 21. ÔKvKZvo–qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwm‡Ki †Kvb

Rxebfvebv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? i. AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× iæ‡L ùvov‡Z n‡e ii. cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e iii. wK‡kvi‡ì hy× Ki‡Z n‡e


22. eyav‡K Kvi Kv‡Q gyiweŸ g‡b nq? K PvwPi L KzwšÍi M dzjKwji N †bvjKeyqvi 23. cvKv avb KvUvi mgq †K eyav‡K evev Wv‡K? K Avnv` gywÝ L Rqbvj PvPv M wgVz N KzÏym 24. dzjKwj †K? K KgvÛv‡ii Kv‡Ri †g‡q L KgvÛv‡ii wb‡Ri †g‡q M eyavi †evb N eyavi PvwP 25. nwiKvKz eyav‡K Kx bv‡g WvK‡Zb? K KvKZvo–qv L gvwbKiZb M †LvKvevey N QbœQvov 26. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K bZzb w`‡bi cÖZxK †K? K ewncxi L Zv‡niv M nv‡kg Avwj N †Lv‡`Rv 27. ewncxi Kv‡K cywjk WvK‡Z cvVvq? K nv‡kg L nv‡Zg M Av‡bvqvi N nwKKzjøvn 28. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K AZ¨šÍ a~Z© I ev¯Íe Ávb

m¤úbœ PwiÎ †KvbwU? K Zv‡niv L nv‡kg Avwj M nv‡Zg Avwj N ewncxi 29. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †Kvb mg‡qi mgvRwPÎ

cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K Dwbk kZ‡Ki L Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl fv‡Mi M wek kZ‡Ki N wek kZ‡Ki †kl fv‡Mi 30. Zv‡nivi g‡Z cxi mv‡ne

i. eyw×gvb ii. fÐ avwg©K iii. A_©‡jvfx





Self

test


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1 M 2 L 3 L 4 L 5 N 6 K 7 M 8 K 9 N 10 M 11 M 12 K 13 L 14 M 15 M

16 L 17 N 18 N 19 K 20 K 21 K 22 K 23 L 24 K 25 L 26 M 27 N 28 N 29 M 30 K



1. d«v‡Ýi K…ZKg©v †jvK‡ì Avwef©ve n‡qwQj †Kv_v †_‡K?

K hviv cixÿvq cvm Ki‡Z cv‡iwb L ¯‹zj cvjv‡bv †Q‡j‡ì `j †_‡K M hviv eB c‡owQj N †gavex QvÎ 2. Kv‡jv †PvL‡K ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv, KviY

i. g‡bi K_v †Pv‡Li Ici Qvqv †d‡j ii. †PvL nv‡m iii. fve wb‡R †_‡K G‡m †Pv‡L aiv †`q


3. ÔAvjvDwÏ‡bi Avðh© cÖ`xcÕ MíwUi NUbv¯’j †Kv_vq?

K K‡¤^vwWqv L Avie †`k M fviZ N Pxb 4. Ave`yi ingv‡bi evwo m¤ú‡K© Zvi fvl¨

i. cvbwki DËi AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b Aew¯’Z ii. †hLv‡b AvenvIqv Lye fv‡jv iii. kxZKv‡j mvZ w`b ch©šÍ eid c‡o


5. Rvnvbviv Bgvg iwPZ MÖš’ n‡jv K Av‡iK dvj&¸b L cÖev‡mi w`b¸wj M eKzjcy‡ii ¯^vaxbZv N gyw³‡hv×v cyÎ 6. gnvZ¥v MvÜxi †Kvb ¸YwU †`‡ki gvbyl‡K

m‡¤§vwnZ K‡iwQj? K gvbeZv‡eva L †`k‡cÖg M gvwR©Z AvPiY N mij Rxeb 7. me e¨vUvivB GLb evgyb-Kv‡qZ n‡Z Pvq

GB Dw³wU‡Z Kx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? K weiw³ L we`ª~c M †µva N N„Yv 8. ˆmq` kvgmyj nK †cQ‡b Kx †d‡j

G‡m‡Qb e‡j KweZvq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? K exRgš¿ L weiwZwPý M PiYwPý N ¯§„wZwPý 9. BwÄwbqvi myRv mv‡n‡ei fv‡¯Í †K? K gwZqyi ingvb L Wv. wgjb M gwbiæ¾vgvb N Wv. dR‡j ivweŸ 10. evB‡ii N‡i nv‡Zg Avwj wK‡mi g‡Zv

e‡m Av‡Qb? K g~wZ©i g‡Zv L Dš§v‡ì g‡Zv M †evKvi g‡Zv N ¯cœvwe‡ói g‡Zv 11. RM‡Z `yj©f †KvbwU? K m¤ú` L g~L© M gwngv N `ytL

12. †ivMv c¨vKvwUi g‡Zv kixi Kvi kix‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K eyavi L wZbyi M wkjyi N webyi 13. ÔAvwg Zvi wPi‡Pbv GK ¯^RbÕ †K GB

¯^Rb? K iæ¯Íg †kL L K`g Avjx M _yÌy‡o ey‡ov N D‡jøwLZ mevB 14. †gvjøv mv‡ne †n‡m KzwU KzwU nIqvi KviY

i. gmwR‡` wkiwb _vKvq ii. †Mv¯Í-iæwU †eu‡P hvIqvq iii. ¯^v_© nvwmj nIqvq


DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : b`x Kfz cvb bvwn K‡i wbR Rj, ZiæMY bvwn Lvq wbR wbR dj, Mvfx Kfz bvwn K‡i wbR `y» cvb, Kvô `» n‡q K‡i c‡i Abœ `vb| 15. DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †h w`K w`‡K

mv`„k¨c~Y© i. cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ii. Ae`vb iii. c‡ivcKvi


16. mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI ÔwbgMvQÕ †Kvb wePv‡i e¨wZµg?

K D‡cwÿZ L AvZ¥Z¨vMx M DcKvix N wbinsKvix 17. Muv‡q Kx `Lj K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi K¨v¤ú

evwb‡q‡Q? K gv`ªvmv L ¯‹zj M †`vKvb N †Mvg¯ÍvZv‡ì KvPvwi 18. Kwnj ivRv, GZ wK n‡e wm‡a G ev‡K¨

ivRvi Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? K mskq L ivM M †ÿvf N weiw³ 19. ivbvi †Kgb †evSv Kuv‡a wb‡q‡Q? K bZzb Le‡ii L Rvbv-ARvbvi M mZK©evZ©vi N ûKzg Rvwii 20. weË-my‡Li `yf©vebv ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡Qb

i. m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ wPšÍv bv Kiv ii. AwaK A‡_©i †jvf iii. m¤ú` I my‡Li Rb¨ nvnvKvi


21. ÔAvsivLvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?

K j¤^v I wX‡jXvjv †cvkvK

L PvZK cvwL

M cvnv‡oi bvg

N Sibvi bvg

22. Kwe Avãyj nvwKg †Kvb kZ‡Ki Kwe?

K cÂ`k L lô`k

M mß`k N Aóv`k


dwUK Avevi weoweo Kwiqv ewK‡Z jvwMj,

ewjj Ôgv Avgv‡K gvwim †b, gv mwZ¨ ejwQ,

Avwg †`vl Kwiwb|Õ

23. dwU‡Ki K_vq ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †LvKvi

†Kvb fvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K gvZ…fw³ L †mœ‡ni Ave`vi

M †eqvovcbv N †mœ‡ni AvKzjZv

24. dwUK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q

i. gv‡qi AmnvqZ¡

ii. gv‡qi kvmb

iii. ˆK‡kv‡ii `yišÍcbv


K i I ii L iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

25. ev¼vi ˆZwii Kv‡R AMÖMwZ †`‡L †K

cÖksmv K‡i?

K kvnveywÏb L eyav

M gwZDi N dRy PvPv

26. ewncxi Ac‡ii gv_vq myo½ K‡i Kx

Rvb‡Z Pvq?

K g‡bi K_v L K‡ói ¯iƒc

M †Mvcb K_v N eyw×gËvi inm¨

27. cÖv‡Yi meyR ej‡Z Kx †evS?

K cÖv‡Yi ¯^vaxbZv L cÖv‡Yi mRxeZv

M meyR e„ÿ N meyR †cvkvK

28. eyav fq cvq bv, KviY

i. †QvU‡ejvq Zv‡K RyRyi fq †`Lvqwb

ii. GKv _vKvq mvnm †e‡o‡Q

iii. `ytL-K‡ó fq‡K Rq K‡i‡Q


K i I ii L i I iii M iii N i, ii I iii

29. eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤ú Kx wb‡q wM‡qwQj?

K gywo L Avg

M †cqviv N AvZv

30. wejvc Kwiqv Kx nB‡e? Dw³wU Kvi?

K ewncx‡ii L nv‡Z‡gi

M nv‡k‡gi N Zv‡nivi



Self

test


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1 L 2 L 3 N 4 N 5 L 6 K 7 L 8 M 9 N 10 N 11 M 12 L 13 L 14 N 15 N

16 K 17 L 18 K 19 L 20 M 21 K 22 M 23 L 24 N 25 M 26 K 27 L 28 N 29 M 30 K



1. myfvwlbxiv Kq †evb? K `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP 2. Ô†W‡gv‡µwmi ¸iæivÕ ej‡Z cÖg_ †PŠayix

Kv‡ì eywS‡q‡Qb? K divwm L fviZxq M Bs‡iR N Av‡gwiKv 3. GKRb h_v_© wkÿ‡Ki mv_©KZv †mLv‡b

hw` wkÿv_©xi i. †Ljvayjvq DbœwZ nq ii. AvZ¥v D‡ØvwaZ nq iii. AšÍwb©wnZ cÖ”Qbœ kw³ RvMÖZ nq



4. AfvMx bvc‡Z †eŠwì KvQ †_‡K KvOvjx‡K Kx Avb‡Z e‡jwQj?

K Jla L wm`yi M Pvj N AvjZv 5. gvby‡li DrcwË I weKvkmsµvšÍ weÁvb

ejv nq †KvbwU‡K? K b„ZË¡‡K L RxeweÁvb‡K M imvqb weÁvb‡K N cÖZœZË¡‡K

DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 †_‡K 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : euvk evMv‡bi gv_vi Dci Puv` D‡V‡Q H

gv‡Mv Avgvi †kvjK ejv KvRjv w`w` KB| 6. DÏxc‡Ki dz‡U DVv w`KwU ÔAvg-AuvwUi

†fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb we‡kl w`KwU‡K Zz‡j a‡i?

K iv‡Zi cÖK…wZi wPÎ L fvB‡ev‡bi m¤úK© M MÖvg evsjvi cÖK…wZ N gv‡qi kvk¦Z iƒc 7. DÏxc‡K Avg-AuvwUi †fucy M‡íi †h

w`K¸‡jv Abycw¯’Z i. wK‡kvi gb ii. `vwi‡`ªï wPÎ iii. cÖK…wZ NwbôZv



8. †Kvb hy× †ÿ‡Îi bvg L›`K? K Lqei L Iû` M eì N Avnhve 9. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Avw½K êwkó¨ †KvbwU? K wekvjvqZb L e¨vcK M ÿz`ª Aeqe N e³e¨ Zvrch©c~Y© 10. Z_vKw_Z †QvU‡jvK m¤úÖ`v‡qi gvbyl

nIqvi AwaKvi fz‡j hvIqvi KviY Kx? K wb‡R‡ì AÁvbZv L f`ª mgv‡Ri AZ¨vPvi M mvgvwRK wek„•Ljv N A_©‰bwZK êlg¨

11. wkÿvi gva¨‡g wK‡mi weKvk N‡U? K gbyl¨‡Z¡i L eyw×i M Áv‡bi N gvbemËvi 12. ÔAvkvZxZ †eZb †Ìqvq ggZvw` Kxfv‡e

K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡jb? K abëv` Rvwb‡q L †ewk KvR K‡i M Kgjv †jey LvB‡q N K_v bv e‡j 13. cÖfz Kx eyS‡Z cv‡ib? K Bev`Z e‡›`wM L Aviwe fvlv M mKj ag©MÖš’ N me©evK¨ 14. jB‡Q †h Zebvg e‡Üi msMx‡Z-GLv‡b

Kvi bv‡gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K Kwei L K‡cvZvÿ b‡ì M mvM‡ii N e½evmxi 15. Kwe †Kb gvby‡li Rxeb‡K e„_v ej‡Z Pvb

wb? i. gvbeRxeb g~jëvb e‡j ii. êiv‡M¨ gyw³ †bB e‡j iii. wkwki we›`yi g‡Zv ÿY¯’vqx e‡j



16. †Mveyi K_v ï‡b ivRv †Kgb K‡i fve‡Z _v‡Kb?

K `y‡j `y‡j L Mv‡j nvZ w`‡q M †PvL eÜ K‡i N ï‡q ï‡q 17. SY©vi Mvb KweZvq SY©vi ¯îƒc aiv

c‡o‡Q i. MwZ‡Z ii. †mŠ›`‡h© iii. cÖK…wZ‡Z



18. ÔAvRvwiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? K ÿzavZ© L e¨w_Z M cw_K N wfLvwi

DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ô†Zvgvi †Ljv Rg‡e wbZzB Avgvi n‡e eÜ †Zvgvi mv‡_ cÖfz Avgvi GLvbUv‡ZB

Ø›Ø|Õ 19. DÏxcKwUi welqe ‘ Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ

KweZvi †Kvb PiY¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? i. †mBw`b GB gvV ¯Íä n‡e bv‡Kv Rvwb ii. c„w_exi GBme Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvj iii. G wkwiqv ay‡jv AvR-†ewejb QvB n‡q

Av‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii

M iii N i, ii I iii

20. †Kvb `„wó‡KvY †_‡K D³ welqwU mv`„k¨c~Y©?

K g„Zz¨ c„w_exi engvbeZv‡iv‡a Aÿg

L Avmv hvIqvB Rxe‡bi ag©

M gvbyl cÖK…wZi c~Rvwi

N c„w_exi me wKQyB my›ì

21. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq gv mšÍv‡bi Rb¨

bvgv‡Ri N‡i Kx gvbZ K‡i?

K wkiwb L `vb

M †gvgevwZ N KeyZi

22. Kvi K¬vwšÍ †Pv‡L Auvavi †b‡g‡Q?

K Rwgjvi gvi L _y_y‡i ey‡ovi

M nwi`vmxi N K`g Avjxi

23. Rvbv ARvbv †evSv ivbvi †Kv_vq enb

K‡i?

K Mvwo‡Z L Kuv‡a

M nv‡Z N gv_vq

24. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq c‡_ c‡_

†ZcvšÍ‡i †K Ny‡i †eovq?

K eY©gvjv L evOvwjiv

M DØv¯‘iv N ivRvKviiv

25. eyav-ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo‡Z Av¸b

†`q †Kb?

K cÖwZwnsmvq

L dzjKwj‡K euvPv‡Z

M cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z

N e¨w³¯^v‡_©

26. ÔAvwgI †Zvgvi m‡½ hy× KieÕ Dcb¨v‡m

GwU †K Kv‡K e‡j‡Q?

K wgVz eyav‡K L Avwj eyav‡K

M eyav kvnveywÏb‡K N KzwšÍ eyav‡K

27. gkvj evbv‡bvi Kv‡R eën„Z †K‡ivwmb

eyav‡K †K w`‡qwQj?

K wgVz L Avwj

M dzjKwj N AvZvdzdz

28. bvU‡Ki cÖvY †KvbwU?

K msjvc L Kvwnwb

M PwiÎ N cwi‡ek

29. ÔA_© mvabvB Rxeb mvab bqÕ| GB

†PZbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Kvb Pwi‡Î?

K cxi mv‡ne L nv‡Zg Avjx

M †Lv‡`Rv N nv‡kg Avjx

30. ÔKx So n‡jv †kl iv‡ZÕ Dw³wU †K K‡i‡Q?

K ewncxi L nvwKKzjøvn

M nv‡Zg Avjx N nv‡kg Avjx



Self

test


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