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MIGRATION FROM PACKAGINGARE FUNCTIONAL BARRIERS THE ANSWER?
Greener Packaging Seminar
17 november 2016
PACK4FOODMISSION
MINDER SMOSSEN MET ETEN
DOOR BETER TE VERPAKKEN
PACK4FOODSTRUCTURE
I N D U S T RY R E S E AR C H I N S T I TU T E S
RETAIL
F O O D
P R I N T I N G
P A C K A G I N G
R A W
M A T E R I A L
F I L L I N G
S Y S T E M
G A S
S U P P O R T
PACK4FOODACTIVITIES
► 2015 – 2019
► 6 research groups
► 45 companies
OPTIBARRIERCOLLECTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT
Innovation in quality and safety of packaged food products
Effect of divers barrier materials on O2-ingress in the package –
Consequences towards quality ándsafety food products
MigrationLight
Effect wavelength (UV –visible light) and light intensity on quality
packaged food products
Overpackaging vs. underpackaging
Effect functional barrier on
specific migration
Gas
MIGRATION OF MINERAL OILSWHAT’S THE BIG DEAL?
► FoodWatch market study 120 products – 2015 (NL, D, F)
► The Netherlands
► Most of the food products (92%) were contaminated with MOSH, with 25% more than 5 mg/kg.
► Close to half of the food products (47%) were contaminated with MOAH, even when no MOAH in primary packaging.
MIGRATION OF MINERAL OILSWHAT’S THE BIG DEAL?
MINERAL OILS
► Complex mixture of hydrocarbons
► Named by number of carbon atoms
► “Carbon number”
► Increasing carbon number
► Complexity
► Molecular size, boiling point and viscosity
WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?
# o
f co
mp
ou
nd
s
C1 C5 C10 C15 C20 C25 C30 C35 C40 C45 C50 … “mineral oils”
MINERAL OILS
► Migration potential
► C16 – C24
WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?
Paperboard
carbon number
migration
Food (semolina)
carbon number
FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V., round robin study 2012
MINERAL OILSWHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?
MOSH MOAH
MINERAL OILSWHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?
MOSH MOAH
► Saturated bonds
► Short chains easily absorbed
► Accumulation
► Inflammatory response in Fischer 344 rats: tumour promotors
► At least one benzene ring
► Unsaturated bonds
► Metabolized
► Suspected to include carcinogenic and genotoxic compounds
► Usually 20% of mineral oil
ACCUMULATION IN TISSUE
► 37 individuals, a quarter contained more than 5g mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) in their body
► Mostly in fat tissue
► Virtually no MOAH: metabolized and eliminated
► Increases with age
BY FAR THE LARGEST CONTAMINANT OF THE HUMAN BODY
Mineral oil in human tissues, L. Barp, C. Kornauth, T. Würger, M. Rudas, M. Biedermann, A. Reiner, N. Concin, K. Grob,
Food and Chemical Toxicology 72 (2014), 312-321
MINERAL OILSWHERE DO THEY COME FROM?
MINERAL OILSWHY FOCUS ON PACKAGING?
E F S A O P I N I ON - 2 0 1 2
MINERAL OILSWHY FOCUS ON PACKAGING?
E F S A O P I N I ON - 2 0 1 2
MINERAL OILS
► 300 – 1000 mg/kg recycled cardboard
► from newspaper printing inks
► 15 – 20% MOAH (up to 35%)
► trouble for dry food with large surface area: rice, pasta, powder
RECYCLED CARDBOARD
MIGRATION PATHWAYS
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSVIRGIN FIBRE
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSALL VIRGIN FIBRE + COMPLETE CONTROL OF TOTAL CHAIN
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSFUNCTIONAL BARRIER
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
► as a liner/coating
► inner bag
FUNCTIONAL BARRIER
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSSCAVENGER
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
► saturation
SCAVENGER
S e c u n d a r y p a c k a g i n g
F o o d
E n v i r o n m e n t
P r i m a r y p a c k a g i n g
LEGISLATION
Materials and articles […] shall be manufactured […] so that, under normal or foreseeable conditions of use, they do not transfer their constituents to food in quantities which could
(a) endanger human health or
(b) bring about an unacceptable change in the composition of the food or
(c) bring about a deterioration in the organoleptic characteristics thereof.
1935/2004
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION-TO-BE?
► Limits on what the packaging may contain
► MOSH < 24 mg/kg paper or cardboard C16-C35
► MOAH < 6 mg/kg paper or cardboard C16-C35
(C16-C25 for dry foods stored at room temperature)
► Can be ignored if there is in the food (from migration and other sources)
► MOSH < 2 mg/kg food C20-C35
► MOAH < 0.5 mg/kg food C16-C35
GERMAN DRAFT
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
► A-list: evaluated substances with restrictions
► B-list: non-evaluated substances: 0.01 mg/kg food
► MOSH
► white mineral oils on A-list
► many other derivatives mentioned on B-list
► MOAH
► B-list
THE SWISS ORDINANCE ON PRINTING INKS - 2013
RETAIL
► Companies are confronted with demands from retail
► Often stricter than ‘legislation’
► Limits of mineral oils in food (sources of contamination)
► “Below detection limit”
LEGISLATION?
Detection limits for food
1 mg/kg (2009, Biedermann, Fiselier & Grob)
0.2 mg/kg food (2012, Biedermann et al.)
0.1 mg/kg (2013, Biedermann et al.)
0.3 mg/kg oil (2014, Zurfluh, Biedermann & Grob)
0.1 mg/kg dry food (2014, Zurfluh, Biedermann & Grob)
0.1 mg/kg rice (2016, Lommatsch et al.)
MINERAL OILS FROM FOOD AND BOARDBfR 2012
SEPERATION OF MOSH AND MOAHANALYTICS - PRINCIPLE
BfR
MINERAL OILS
► Impossible to seperate
► Interference from POSH and PAO
► Interference from food components
COMPLEX MIXTURE
OptiBarrier - Preliminary results, PhD-thesis Maarten Baele, UGent
C16 C20 C24 C28
Olive oil
ANALYSISMINERAL OILS
ROBUSTNESS OF ANALYSIS?FOGRA 2012
FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V., round robin study 2012
MIGRATION
► Many more possible migrating components
► Additives, plasticizers, photoinitiatiors, …
► Also polar substances (as opposed to apolar MO)
► Source specific components: e.g. DIPN from carbonlesscopy paper, contaminant of recycled board
► More than 250 different unidentified or unevaluatedsubstances than may migrate >0.01 mg/kg foodBiedermann & Grob, 2013
NOT ONLY MINERAL OILS
SOLUTIONS
► Internal bags with a functional barrier layer
► current technology, readily available polymers
► Coating of the internal surface of paperboard with a functional barrier
► complex: closure of the box, damage during creasing/cuts, set-off
► Adding an adsorbent to the paperboard to prevent release
► charcoal
POSSIBLE STRATEGIES
SOLUTIONS
► Internal bags with a functional barrier layer
Propafilm RCU Barrièrefolie
EVOH Barrièrefolie
► Coating of the internal surface of paperboard with a functional barrier
Foodboard Walki.MOST Miprotex
Micro-Pack Algro Guard M Skalax
Unifood Ultramid
► Adding an adsorbent to the paperboard to prevent release
Catcher board MB 12
POSSIBLE STRATEGIES
► 2015 – 2019
► 6 research groups
► 45 companies
OPTIBARRIERCOLLECTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT
Innovation in quality and safety of packaged food products
Effect of divers barrier materials on O2-ingress in the package –
Consequences towards quality ándsafety food products
MigrationLight
Effect wavelength(UV – visible light)
and light intensity on qualitypackaged food products
Overpackaging vs. underpackaging
Effect functional barrier on
specific migration
Gas
OPTIBARRIER
► Commercial functional barriers: how effective are they?
► Innovative strategies: FLAMINCO – new materials!
► Not only for MOSH/MOAH, also many more contaminants
► Not useful to evaluate every contaminant: 4 candidates selected in wide spectrum of volatility, polarity, … to model complex mixture
► Spiked on donor paperboard, stored at elevated temperatures
► Receptor periodically analysed
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL BARRIERS
OPTIBARRIEREVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL BARRIERS
Storage time
1%
Ex
tent
of
mig
rati
on
Barrier efficiency
Barrier A
Barrier B
Barrier C
PACK4FOOD
► Participation OptiBarrier: www.Pack4Food.be/project/OptiBarrier
► Open training 9 February 2017: Mineral oils and food packagingwww.Pack4Food.be/opleiding
► Coupure Links 653B-9000 Gent
► 09/[email protected]
INNOVATION IN PACKAGING
