n (k) - Islam Ahmadiyya · 2012-09-13 · Hcp \q‰m≠nt\mSSp°p∂ aebmfØnse GI CkvemanI {]kn≤oIcWw amt\P¿ F®v. AlvaZv jm^n t^m¨: 8089574250 kXyZqX≥ akvPnZv Da¿, sk‚vs_\UnIvSv

$Page 1: n (k) - Islam Ahmadiyya · 2012-09-13 · Hcp \q‰m≠nt\mSSp°p∂ aebmfØnse GI CkvemanI {]kn≤oIcWw amt\P¿ F®v. AlvaZv jm^n t^m¨: 8089574250 kXyZqX≥ akvPnZv Da¿, sk‚vs_\UnIvSv$
hne 202012 sk]v‰w_¿ e°w 9

dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k) dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k) AXpey PohnXw AXpey PohnXw

ZnIvsd Cemln: ZnIvsd Cemln: a\pjya\ n\v Hcp Znhyuj[wa\pjya\ n\v Hcp Znhyuj[w

\_n (k): ]cn]q¿W amXrI


Hcp \q‰m≠nt\mSSp°p∂ aebmfØnse GI CkvemanI {]kn≤oIcWw

amt\P¿

F®v. AlvaZv jm^nt^m¨: 8089574250

kXyZqX≥akvPnZv Da¿, sk‚vs_\UnIvSv tdmUv, FdWmIpfw t\m¿Øv, sIm®n˛[email protected]

Printed & Published by B.B. Ahmad Kabeer, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama-ath

Printed at Anaswara Offset, Perandoor Jn.,Elamakkara, Ernakulam-682 026.

Published at Masjid Umar, St. Benedict Road, Ernakulam, Kochi-18. Edited by A.M. Muhammed Salim. Design: Ziyad Rahman

The Sathyadoothan Monthly

lZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv (AøZlp..)


2012 sk]v‰w_¿ln.i.1391˛X_qJv1433 iΔm¬˛Zp¬JAZv]pkvXIw 84 e°w 9hne 20 cq]

No^v FUn‰¿

Fw. \mkn¿ AlvaZvt^m¨: 9497343704

FUn‰¿

G. Fw. aplΩZv keowt^m¨: [email protected]

JpXzv_

bpKi_vZw

FUnt‰mdnb¬

6

5

dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k) AXpey PohnXw

aXhnap‡amb bqtdm∏pw blqZhntamN\hpw

7

IjvSm\p`hßƒ F¥p sIm≠v?

]oVn∏n°s∏Sp∂ \yq\-]£wkmbv a\oj

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv(dlv)

apkm^n¿

hm¿ØIƒ

18

kDuZn cmPIpamcs‚ ]n∑m‰w

F. Pn. kq^n

Bkn^v Fw. _mknXv

ZnIvsd Cemln: a\pjya\ n\v Hcp Znhyuj[w

30

Ipdn∏pIƒ

G.Fw. aplΩZv kenw

-IjvSm\p`hßƒ°v alØmb Hcp e£yw IqSnbp≠v. PohnXØns‚ KpW ta∑ h¿[n∏n°m\pw hnIk\Øn\pamWv Ah kwhn[m\w sNøs∏´Xv. IjvSm\p`hßfpsS bp‡nimkv{Xw A\ntj[yamw hn[w hnhcn°p∂p.

lmjnw Ajd^v, Be∏n

aXØns‚ t]cnep≈ òIc hmZhpw Xo{hhmZhpw IqSn ]mInkvXms\F√m A¿YØnepw \in∏n®ncn°bmWv. AhnsS aX òIchmZØn\pw Xo{hhmZØn\pw G‰hpa[nIw CcbmbXv AlvaZnIfmWv. B {]hWX C¥ybnepw Bcw`n®Xmbn sXl¬° teJI≥ hniZoIcn°p∂p. sXl¬° Pq¨ e°Øn¬ h∂ teJ\Øns‚ {]k‡`mKßfpsS hnh¿Ø\w.

43

27

ae°pIƒ a[yh¿ØnIƒ lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv(A)

Poh≥ tXSn sNmΔbnte°vv

36

40

14kIe PohnX kμ¿`ßfnepw [m¿anIXbpsS ]ca amXrIbmbncp∂p dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k). ImcpWy kmKcambncp∂ AhnSpsØ AXpeyamb A≤ymXvanI Im¥nbmbncp∂p P\lrZbßsf IogS°nbXv.

33

17˛8˛2012 \v Jeo^Øp¬ akolv ss_Øp¬ ^pXqln¬ (e≠≥) \n¿hln® PpapA JpXzv-_-bp-sS- kw-{Klw.

Fć]Xn‰m≠pIƒ apºv ]m›mXy \mKcnIXbpsS hf¿ØpsXmńemb e≠≥ ]´WØn¬ ]WnX BZysØ apkvenw ]≈nbpsS Ncn{Xw

a\pjya\ v im¥n {]m]n°p∂Xv ssZhkvacW H∂psIm≠p am{XamsW∂ Jp¿B≥ hN\Øns‚ hniZoIcWw.

{InkvXp aXØns‚ kzm[o\Øn¬ \n∂v hnap‡amb sk°pe¿ bptdm∏mWv blqZ ]oV\Øn\v AdpXnhcpØnbXv. bqtdm]y≥ \thm∞m\Øn\v kam¥cambn blqZ kapZmbØn¬ D≠mb"lkvIemØv ' F∂ kmwkvImcnI DW¿hv blqZcn¬ B`y¥c ]cnjv°cWhpw tZiob apJy[mctbmSv ASp°m\p≈ {]hWXbpw kwPmXam°n.

22

2012 sk]v‰w_¿kXyZqX≥4

kXyambpw \nßfn¬ \n∂v Xs∂bp≈ Hcp ZqX≥

\nßfpsS ASp°¬ h∂ncn°p∂p. \nßƒ

hnjaØnemhp∂Xv At±lØn\v AklyamWv.

\nßfpsS t£a Imcyßfn¬ AXyp¬°Samb

B{Klap≈ BfmWv At±lw . kXyhn izmkn

ItfmSv Ir]bpw IcpWbpap≈ BfmWv.(9:128)

\ns∂ krjvSn°m≥ Dt±in®nń√mbncp∂p sh¶n¬

Cu {]]©sØ Xs∂ \mw krjvSn °n√mbncp∂p.

(JpZvknbmb lZokv )

F{]Imcw XIvaose lnZmbØv (t\¿am¿KØns‚ ]q¿ØoIcWw)

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)bpsS ]pWyIcßfm¬ D≠mtbm AtX {]Imcw

XIvaose CimAØpw ({]NmcWØns‚ ]q¿ØoIcWhpw) dkq¬

Xncpta\n (k) aptJ\bp≠mtI≠XmWv. Fs¥∂m¬ Cu c≠v

Imcyßfpw \_n Xncpta\n(k)bpsS BKat\mt±iyas{X . F∂m¬

ssZhnI \nbaa\pkcn®v AhnSsØ NncRvPohnXzw Akm[yhpw

Akw`hyhpw BbXn\m¬ At±lØn\v XIv aose Cim AØn\mbn

\n¿Wbn°s∏´ Ahkm\ ImeL´w hsc Pohn®ncn°m≥ km[ya√.

B coXnbnep≈ ÿmbnbmb PohnXw in¿°v {]Ncn°p∂Xn\p≈

ImcWambn Øocp∂XmWv. AXpsIm≠v A√mlp dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k)bpsS BKat\mt±iyw AhnSsØ kz`mhØnepw AXvaobXbnepw

BKXm\mb \_n(k)Xncpta\nbpsS Hcp DΩØn aptJ\ ]q¿Øn

bmbn. ( hnfw_cw)


aplΩZv \_n (k)tbmSv at‰sXmcp {]hmNIt\°mfpw apkvenwIƒ°p≈ A\pc‡nbpw

BZchpw kvt\lhpw kphnZamWt√m. hmkvXhØn¬ aplΩZv \_n (k)bpsS bYm¿Y

ÿm\alna F¥msW∂v a\ nem°nbXpw hniZoIcn®p X∂Xpw AhnSpsØ BXvaob

injyXzw sIm≠v A√mlp \p_qΔØns‚ ]Zhn \¬Inb\p{Kln® hmKvZØ akolv

lZvdØv AlvaZv(A) BWv. kz¥w KthjW ØneqsStbm {KŸ]cmbWØneqsStbm

A√ hmKvZØ akoln\v dkq¬(k) Xncp ta\nsb kw_‘n® ⁄m\w t_m≤ys∏´Xv.

]cnip≤amb ssZhnI shfn]mSpIfneq sS A√mlp Xs∂ t\cn´v AXv At±lsØ

Adnbn°pIbmbncp∂p. ssZhw X\n°v shfn]mSpIfneqsS ]Tn∏n® AdnhmWv Xm≥

t{]jWw sNøp∂sX∂v as‰mcmfpw Cu ImeL´Øn¬ AhImis∏ńń√. A{Xb[nIw

Znhyamb B[nImcnIXtbmsSbpw ZrVXtbmsSbpw Fs∂∂pw Pohn®ncn°p∂

k¿hi‡\mb ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬ dkq¬(k) Xncpta\nsb ]‰n Hcmƒ \SØp∂ Znhy

hnfw_cßƒ AhnSpsØ kvt\ ln°p∂h¿ {i≤nt°≠nbncn°p∂p.

hmKvZØ akolv Xs‚ bPam\\mb dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)sb kw_‘n®v ]dbp∂p:

"BZw k¥XnIfmb kIe¿°pw aplΩZv apkvX^ ( k) Xncpta\nb√msX as‰mcp dkqepw

iôDw(ip]m¿iI≥) C√. BIbm¬ Cu {]Xm] imenbmb \_n (k)°v t\sc \nßƒ

lrZbwKaamb kvt\lw ]pe¿Øns°m≈pho≥ AhnSsØ°mƒ D]cnbp≈ ta∑ a‰mcnepw

\nßƒ Iev∏n°cpXv. BImiØn¬ \nßƒ tam£w {]m]n®hcpsS Iq´Øn¬

FÆs∏SpamdmIp∂Xn\v Xs∂. tam£w F∂Xv acn®ti jw shfnhmIp∂ Ft¥m H∂s√∂v

Hm¿Øp sIm≈phn≥. adn®v bYm¿Yamb tam£w Cu temIØv sh®p Xs∂ AXns‚

shfn®w Im´pamdmIp∂XmIp∂p. Bcm Wv tam£w {]m]n®h≥? ssZhw kXyamsW∂pw

aplΩZv \_n(k) B ssZhØns‚ apgph≥ krjvSn PmeØns‚bpw CSbnep≈

ip]m¿iI\msW∂pw BImiØn\v Iogn¬ AhnStØ°v kaÿm\ob\mbn as‰mcp

\_nbpw Cs√∂pw Jp¿B\v Xpey ambn´p≈ as‰mcp {KŸw Cs√∂pw Fs∂∂pw

Pohn®ncn°phm≥ Ah≥ BcpsS ImcyØnepw CNvOnńs√¶nepw Cu hcnjvT {]hmNI≥

F°meØpw Pohn®ncn°p ∂ \_nbmsW∂pw Dd®v hnizkn°p∂h≥ Xs∂ (InivXo \plv,

`m 15,16)

\nc£c\b dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)°v e`n®sX√mw ssZhØns‚ kzNvOamb shfn]mSn¬

\n∂mbncp∂p. "JmØap∂_nøo≥'F∂ AhnSpsØ A`n[m\Øns‚ A¿Yw. "{]hmNI

t{ijvT≥'F∂mWv. AXmbXv a\pjy kaqlØnse ]m]clnX cmWv {]hmNI∑m¿;

Ah¿°nSbnse G‰hpw t{ijvT\mWv aplΩZv \_n(k). JmØ ap∂_nøo\mb aplΩZv

\_n(k)sb A\pkcn®m¬ \p_qΔØv F∂ ]Zhn hsc e`n°pw. Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂p."h√hcpw A√mlphns\bpw Cu ssZhZqXs\bpw A\pkcn°p∂Xmbm¬, Ah¿

A√mlp A\p{Kln®n´p≈ {]hmNI∑m¿, kn±o°pIƒ, iloZpIƒ, kmenlpIƒ

F∂nhcpsS IqsSbmbncn°pw (4:70) JmØap∂_nøo≥ F∂ hntijWØn\v

A¥y{]hmNI≥ 'F∂v A¿Yw \¬Ip∂h¿ AhnSsØ alØmb ]Zhnsb

\yq\oIcn°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. hmKvZØ akolneqsS dkq¬ (k)Xncpta \nbpsS ÿm\w

{Kln°m\p≈ ku`mKyw apkvenwIƒ°p≠mIs´.

aplΩZv \_n(k)bpsS ÿm\w


lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

bpKi_vZw

dkq¬Icow (k) Xncpta\nbpsS JØap∂p_qh

Øns‚ clkyw \ΩpsS FXncmfnIƒ°v Hcn°epw

a\knembnń√. Xncpta\n(k)bp sS JXap∂p_qΔ

Øns\°pdn®p≈ AhcpsS hnizmk {]Imcw

Xncpta\n(k) (\DuZp_n√mlv) A_vX¿

(k¥m\an√mØ Bƒ) Bbn Xocp∂p. F∂m¬

hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ A√mlp ]dbp∂Xn {]ImcamWv

"aplΩZv \nßfn¬ Hcp ]pcpjs‚bpw ]nXmh√]t£ At±lw A√mlphns‚ dkqepw F√m{]hmNI∑msSbpw ap{ZbpamIpIp∂p. A√mlpF√m ImcysØ°pdn®pw \√ hÆwAdnbp∂h\mIp∂p.'(33: 41)

CXn¬ imcocnIamb ]nXrXzsØbmWv

\ntj[n®ncn°p∂Xv AXvaobamb ]nXrXzhpw

At±lØn ∂p≠mIp∂ns√¶n¬ ]ns∂ \nßƒ

At±lsØ A_vX¿ BsW∂v hnizkn°ptam?

CØcØn ep≈ hnizmkw Ip^vdmWv .

At±lØns‚ BXvaob ]nXrXzw \ne\n∂p hcp∂p

F∂XmWv kXyw. "emIn≥' F∂ ]Zw CXmWv

shfns∏SpØp∂Xv. CXns‚ Dt±iyw `mhnbn¬

dkq¬(k) Xncpta\n bpsS km£yap{ZtbmSpIqSnb

\p_pΔØpw dnkmeØpw am{Xta hcnIbp≈p

F∂pw Xncpta\n (k)sb XnI®pw ]n¥pScpIbpw

A\pkcn°pIbpw sNømsX B¿°pw Xs∂

C¬lmapw hlvbpw CXc BXvaob A\p{Klßfpw

e`yamIp∂X√. `mhnbn¬ At±lw aptJ\

At±lØns‚ ap{Z e`n®n´pw A√msXbpw B¿°pw

Xs∂ \p_qΔØv F∂ A\p{Klw e`yamIp ∂X√.

Hcmƒ IÆmSnbn¬ Xs‚ cq]w t\m°ptºmƒ

AbmfpsS cq]Ønepw IÆmSnbnep≈ cq]Øn\p

anSbn¬ Fs¥¶nepw A¥cw ImWm≥ km[n°p

tam? AtX ÿnXn Xs∂bmWv ChnsSbpw dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)bpsS {]XnNvOmb Xs∂bmWnhnsS.

AXn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØmbsXm∂pw Xs∂b√.

hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ hlvbv F∂Xns‚ A¿Yw

ssZh`mjWw F∂msW∂v a\ nemhp∂p.

ssZhnIamb A\p{Klßfpw ssZh`mjWhpw

\ne®pt]mb Hcp aXw Poh\p≈ aXsa∂v

]dbm\mhn√. AXv Dt]£n°s∏tS≠ aXamWv.

Ckvemw Hcp arXaXamsW∂pw dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k)\DuZp_n√mlv Hcp arX {]hmNI\msW∂pw

ÿm]n°m≥ Ch¿ {ian°p∂p. RßfnXv

kzoIcn°phm≥ Xømdn√. Rßsf kw_‘n®nS

tØmfw CØcw hnizmkw Ip^vdmWv. dkq¬(k)

Xncpta\n Hcp Poh¬ {]hmNI\pw Ckvemw Hcp

PohØmb aXhpamWv. ImcWw AhnSsØ

A\p{Klmin pIƒ Fs∂∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂

hbmWv. At±lØns‚ \p_pΔØv A\izchpw A

£bhpamWv. B ap{ZsIm≠v \p_qΔØv \ne\n

¬°p∂p. CØcØnep≈ \p_qΔØv \p_pΔØn

s‚ {]XnNvOmbbmWv. F∂m¬ dkq¬

(k)Xncpta\nbpsS \_nXzØn¬ \n∂pw hn`n∂amb

\p_pΔØv hymP \p_pΔØmWv. At±lØn

eqsSbp≈ \p_pΔØv Ahkm\n®ncn°p∂psh∂v

]dbp∂Xv Ip^vds{X. Aßs\ ]dbp∂h¿ B

]pWymXvamhns\ ( \DuZp_n√mlv) A_vX¿ F∂pw

Ckvemans\ Hcp arX aXsa∂pw IcpXp∂hcmWv.

Ckvemw aXw AØcØnep≈ Hcp aXam sW¶n¬

]ns∂ AXv Fßs\ tam£ZmbIamb aXambn

amdpw? hfsc AZv`pXIchpw tJZIchpamb

ImcyamWnXv. Ch¿ Cu kapZmbsØ t{ijvT

kapZmbw F∂v ]dbp∂p. F∂m¬ ssZhnI

`mjWw e`yamImØ Hcp kapZmbw Fßs\

t{ijvT kapZmbambn amdpw? lZvdØv aqkm \_n

(A) sb ]n≥]‰nb Bbnc°W°n\v \_nam¿

D≠mbn. F∂m¬ Cu kapZmbØn¬ Hcp \_nbpw

hcnIbns√¶n¬ ]ns∂ CsXßs\ Hcp t{ijvT

kapZmbamIpw

dkq¬ (k)Xncpta\n: Ahkm\n°mØ {]hmNI≥


(17˛8˛2012 \v Jeo^Øp¬

akolv ss_Øp¬ ^pXq

ln¬ (e≠≥) \n¿hln®

PpapA JpXzv -_-bp-sS- kw-

{Klw.)

JpXzv_

A√mlphns‚ \n¿tZißfpw Iev]\

Ifpw hnip≤Jp¿B\nep≠v. AXv \mw

hmbn°pIbpw tIƒ°pIbpw sNøp

∂p. F∂m¬ s]mXphn¬ hmbn°p

∂Xnt\bpw tIƒ°p∂Xnt\bpw

At]£n®v {]h¿Ø\ amXrI IqSp

X¬ kzm[o\w sNepØp∂ coXnbn

emWv A√mlp a\pjys‚ {]IrXsØ

Nn´s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. Ah\n¬

Hcp Xm¬]cyhpw Bthihpw DSseSp

°p∂p. Bscsb¶nepw kvt\ln°p

∂p F∂v hmZn°ptºmƒ kvt\l`mP\

Øns‚ F√m Ne\ßfpw Hmtcm

I¿ahpw {]tXyIn®v kzmbØam

°p∂Xn\mbn a\pjy≥ {ian°p∂p.

{]h¿Ø\Øns‚ \ndw as‰m∂mbn

Xocp∂p. F∂m¬ kvt\l {]IS\hpw,

B kvt\lØns‚ ImcWambn

t{]a`mP\sØ X\n°mbn amXrIbm

°p∂Xv hnizmkambn KWn°m≥ XpS

ßpIbmsW¶n¬ t{]a`mP\Øns‚

kt¥mjtØmsSm∏w Xs‚ hnizmk

tØbpw kwc£n°pIbpw AXn¬

]ptcmKXn {]m]n°pIbpw sNøWw

F∂Xnt\°mƒ hensbmcm{Klw

hnizmknIƒ°v D≠mIn√, D≠mIm≥

]mSp≈Xpa√. A√mlp \sΩ Xncp

\_n (k)bpsS DΩØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn

F∂Xv \ΩpsS ku`mKyamWv.

]n∂oSv \_n (k) Xncpta\nsb

hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚ cq]Øn¬ Cd

ßnb A√mlphns‚ apgph≥

I¬∏\IfptSbpw Hcp {]h¿Ø\

amXrIbm°n. ]cn]q¿Wambn´p≈ Hcp

{]h¿Ø\ amXrI. AXv Xncpta\n (k)

sb ]cn]q¿WZmk\m°n am‰n. dkq¬

(k) s‚ amXrIsb ]n≥ ]‰ptºmgmWv

Hcp apkvenans‚, hnizmknbmsW∂v

hmZn°p∂hs‚ hnizmkw ]q¿WamIp

∂Xv, AXv IqSmsX hnizmkw A]q¿W

amIp∂p. Cu amXrIsb A\p[mh\w

sNøp∂XneqsSb√msX ]ctemIsØ

A\p{Klßsf {]Xo£n°p∂Xv hy¿

YamIp∂p. Cu amXrIsb A\p[m

h\w sNømsX \∑sb \∑sb∂v

]dbm≥ Ignbn√. Cu amXrIsb

A\p[mh\w sNømsXbp≈ A√mlp

hns‚ Bcm[\ Bcm[b√. Cu

amXrI ]n≥]‰msXbp≈ A√mlphn

s‚ kvacW A√mlphns‚ kmao]yw

t\Sn-Øcp-∂ Ah-ÿbn-te°v FØn

°pI-bn-√. Cu amXy-Isb ]n≥]‰p-∂-

Xn-eq-sS-b-√m-sX ]m]-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈

tam£w km[y-a-√. Cu amXr-Isb

]n≥]-‰p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-b-√msX A√m-lp-

hns‚ dlo-an-b-Øn¬ \n∂v \nßƒ

A√m-lp-hnt\mSv A¿Yn-°p∂ `mKw

\nßƒ°v e`n°n-√. Cu amXrIsb


A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-b-√msX

A√m-lp-hns‚ kvt\lw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-

∂-h-cmbn amdm≥ Ign-bn√. CXv A√m-

lp-hns‚ G‰hpw {]nb-s∏´ Zmk-\m-

Wv. At±-lsØ ]n≥]-‰p-∂n-s√-¶n¬

A√m-lp-hns‚ kvt\lhpw e`n-°n-√.

AXn-\m¬, Rm≥ ]d-™Xp t]mse

\mw apkvenamsW-∂Xv \ΩpsS ku`m-

Ky-am-Wv. F∂m¬ \mw \_n (k) bpsS

Ime-Sn-Isf ]n≥]-‰p-∂-Xn-\mbn {ian-

°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-tºmƒ am{Xta \_n (k)

bpsS DΩ-Øn -bm -sW∂p≈-Xn¬

\n∂pw apkvenw BsW-∂p-≈-Xn¬

\n∂p-ap≈ A\p-{Klßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-

°m≥ Ign-bq. \mw B I¬∏-\-Isf

\Ωn¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-s°m≠v

dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) \ap°v {]h¿

Øn®p ImWn® coXn-bn¬ {]-h¿Øn-

°m≥ {ian-°p-I. A¬Camap Pp∂Øp≥ F∂v ]d™v sIm≠v Fs‚

amXr-I-bmWv ssiXzm-\n¬ \n∂v c£-

s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v bYm¿Y Zmk-cm-°p-

∂-sX∂pw, \nß-fpsS ]cn-{i-a-a√

F∂pw BbØv \sΩ Hm¿as∏SpØp-

∂p. Fs‚ ]cn-N-bpsS ]pd-In¬ \n¬

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ssiXzm-\n¬ \n∂v

c£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. Bcm-[-\sb kw_-

‘n-®m-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ A\p-jvTn -

°mØ Bcm-[-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-®p-


sIm≠v \nßƒ Bcm-[-\-bpsS IS-a-Iƒ

\nd-th-‰nsbt∂m As√-¶n¬ A√m-lp-

hns‚ kvt\lw Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-

sat∂m [cn°-cp-Xv. C√ Hcn-°epw kw -

hy-a-√. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ dkq¬

Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS bYm¿Y t{]an-

bmb lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) s‚

HuZmcyw \Ωn-ep-≠v. B alm-flmhv

\ap°v Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS bYm¿Y

amXr-Ibpw, AXns\ a\- n-em-°m\pw

AXv {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈

am¿K- \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw \¬In. Bcm-[-

\bv-°mbn ]pXnb ]pXnb ZnIv-dp-Ifpw

kZ- p-Ifpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

A\m-Nmc k{º-Zmbßƒ DS-se-Sp-Øn-

cn-°p-∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p, \_n Xncp-

ta\n (k) bpsS amXr-I-bn¬ \n∂v CXn-

\p≈ bmsXmcp sXfnhpw e`n-°p-∂n-√.

AXp-sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ kmao]yw

t\Sn-Ø-cm≥ CXn\v Ign-bn-√. AXn-

\m¬ kmao]yw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

amXr-Isb {]mh¿Øn-I-am-t°-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ \_n Xncp-ta\n (k)

bpsS amXr-I-bpsS Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn\p

apºmbn dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS

Bcm-[-\-bpsS Nne amXr-I-Iƒ ka¿∏n-

°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv \ap°v am¿KZ¿i-\-

am-Wv. AXv \n¿hln-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

\ap°v A√m-lp-hns‚ bYm¿Y Zmk-cm-

Im≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ahs‚

kvt\lw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-h-cmbn

amdm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Rm≥

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) \_n Xncp-

ta\n (k) kw_-‘n®v ]cm-a¿in®n-´p-

≈-Xn¬ \n∂v \ΩpsS ap∂n¬ ka¿∏n-

°-s∏´ dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS

ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®v B alm-flm-hns‚

ho£-Ww BZyw tIƒ∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) ]d-bp∂p.

kzbw A\oXn {]h¿Øn® A√tbm

Fs‚ Zmksc! \nßƒ A√m-lp-hns‚

Imcp-Wy-Øn¬ \n∂v \ncm-i-cm-I-cp-Xv.

A√mlp F√m ]m]hpw s]mdpØpXcp-

∂-Xm-Wv. ]d-bp-∂p, Cu Bb-Øn¬

Jp¬ bm C_mZnb√mln AXm-bXv ]d-

bpI A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmksc F∂-Xn\v

]I-c-ambn Jp¬ bm C_mZo Fs‚

Zmksc F∂mWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu coXn Ah-ew -_n -® -Xn -ep≈

clkyw, A√mlp A\-¥-am-b Imcp-

Wy-Øns‚ kphm¿Ø-bn -d -°p-∂-

Xn\pth≠nbn-´mWv Cu BbØv Cd-

°nbn -c n -°p -∂-X v . ]m] -ß-fpsS

B[nIyw aqew \ncm-i-cm-b-h¿°v kam-

[m\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mWv. A-Xn-\m¬

{]Xm-]-hm\mb A√mlp Xs‚ Imcp-

Wy-Øns‚ Hcp amXrI {]-I-Sn-∏n-°m≥

Cu Bb-Øn-eqsS B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

IqSmsX Rm≥ Fs‚ Iqdp≈

Zmk¿°v F-{X-tØmfw khn-tij

A\p-{K-l-ßƒ \¬Ip∂p F∂Xpw

Zmk¿°v ImWn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

]m]-Øm¬ \ncm-i-cm-b-h¿°v A√m-lp-

hns‚ ImcpWyw F{X hnim-e-am-

sW∂pw Ah≥ FØ-c-Øn-emWv

A\p{K-ln-°p-∂-sX∂pw ]d-bp-∂-Xn-

\mbn. ]d-bp∂p, AXn-\m¬ Ah≥

Jp¬ bm C_mZo F∂ ]Z-Øn-eqsS

{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, t\m°pI Fs‚ Cu

{]nb dkq¬, t\m°pI Cu Xnc-s™-

Sp-°-s∏´ Zmk≥ ]cn-]q¿W A\p-k-c-

W-tØmSp IqSn GXv ]Zhn hsc

FØn-sb-∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Ft‚sX√mw

Xs∂ Ah-t‚-Xm-Wv. BcmtWm

tam£w B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv Ah¿ At±-

l-Øns‚ Zmk-cm-hp-I. AXm-bXv At±-

l-Øns‚ ASnabmsW∂ Xc-Øn¬

At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-[m-h-\-Øn¬ ebn-

°p-I. At∏m-gmWv Ah≥ apºv

Fßs\bp≈ ]m]n-bm-bn-cp∂mepw

s]mdp-°-s∏-Sp-I. A_vZv F∂ hm°v

Ad_n `mj-bn¬ ASn -abv°v

th≠nbpw ]d-bm-dp-≠v F∂-dn-bp-I.

AXm-b-Xv, At±-l-Øns‚ Iev]-\-bn¬

\n∂v ]pdØv t]mI-cp-Xv. At±-l-

Øns‚ A\p-[m-h-\-Øns‚ tIm¥-e-

bp-ambn Xs∂ _‘n-∏n-°p-I, ASn-a-

sb-t∏mse. AXm-bXv HcSna Xs‚ DS-

asb A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t∏mse Cu

\_nsb A\p-k-cn-°p-I. At∏m-gmWv

Ah¿°v tam£w e`n-°p-I. Cu ]Z-

hn-bn¬ Nne \ma-ßƒ sh°m≥ ]mSn-

s√∂v ]d-bp-∂-hsc°pdn®v hyk-\-ap-

≠m-Ip-∂p. \_n (k) bpambn F{X-

tØmfw hntZzjw sh®v ]pe¿Øp-∂p-

sh-∂m¬ Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬

Kpemw \_n, Kpemw dkq¬, Kpemw

apkvX- , Kpemw AlvaZv, Kpemw apl-

ΩZv F∂ t]cp-Iƒ in¿°n¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp-∂p. Cu Bb-Øn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-

Ip-∂Xv Ch tam£-{]m-]vXn°v DX-Ip∂

\ma-ß-fm -sW∂mWv. AXm-b-Xv ,

bYm¿Y-kvt\lØn¬, Cu t]cpIsf

ap∂n¬ sh®v sIm≠v Xs‚ I¿a-ßsf

icn-bm-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, As√-¶n¬

Xß-fpsS \ma-ßsf B KpW-ßƒ

D≈hbm°n am‰p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn-

eqsS tam£w e`n-°p-∂p. A√msX

\maw sh®-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw tam£w

e`n-°Wsa-∂n-√. \maw sh°p-Ibpw

]n∂oSv F{X-I≠v Xn∑ {]h¿Øn-®mepw

a\pjy\v tam£w e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Aßs\ Hcn-°-ep-an-√. Iev]-\-bn¬

\n∂v ]pdØv t]mI-cp-Xv F∂ hm°n¬

Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Fs¥√mw Iev]-\-

I-fpt≠m AXv ewLn-°-cp-Xv. CXv

{]tXy-In®v hf-sc-b-[nIw A\n-hm-cy-am-

b- Imcyam-Wv. ho≠pw B alm-flmhv

]d-bp-∂p, F√m Xc-Øn-ep≈ kzmX-{¥y-

Øn¬ \n∂pw X∂n-jvS-Øn¬ \n∂pw

]pdØv hcnI F∂Xv A_vZns‚ A¿Y-

Øn¬ Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv

kz¥w kzmX{¥yw C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

kz¥-ambn Xocp-am-\n®v {]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-hcn-emWv, Xs‚

bP-am -\s‚ ]cn -]q¿W A\p -

kmcnbmIp∂hcnemWv A_vZn-øØv

(Zm-k-Xzw) D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. AXn-\memWv

tam£w B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Cu

Bibw Xs‚-bp≈n¬ kwPm-X-am-°p-

I-sb∂v kXym-t\z-jn-Isf t{]cn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xv.

A\p -[m -h -\ -Øns‚ ]q¿W-X-

bv°mbn eb-\hpw ]cn-]q¿W A\p-k-

c-Whpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXm-bXv

B\p-[m-h\w sNøp-∂-Xns‚ Hu∂nXy-

Øn-\mbn ]cn-]q¿W A\p-k-cWw

A\nhm-cy-am-Ip-∂p. A\p-k-c-W-bp-≠m-

Ip-tºm-gmWv A\p-[m-h\w D≠m-Ip-∂-

Xv. A_vZv F∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp∂ Cu hm°p-Iƒ C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.

ImcWw A\p-[m-h-\-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿W-

X-°mbn A_vZns‚ BibØn¬

ImWs∏Sp∂ eb-\hpw ]cn-]q¿W

A\p-k-c-Whpw A\pt]£Wob

amWv.

Jp¬ bm C_mZo F∂ BbØv

a‰p hm°p-I-fn¬ C{]-Im-c-amWv Jp¬bm apX_nA.v AXm-bXv AXy-[n-I-

ambn ]m]-ß-fn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p∂

Fs∂ ]n≥]-‰p-∂-htc! ssZhoI Imcp-

Wy-Øn¬ \n∂pw \ncm-i-cm-I-cp-Xv.

Fs∂ A\p-k-cn-°p∂ _¿°-Øp-

sIm≠v {]Xm-]-im-en-bmb A√mlp

F√m ]m]-ßfpw s]mdpØp Xcp∂Xm-

Wv. CXn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk¿ am{Xw

Dt±-iyambn FSp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

A¿Yw hnI-e-am -Ip -∂p. ImcWw

hnizmk \n_-‘-\-bn -√m -sXbpw

bmsXmcp A\p-k-cW \n_-‘\bn√m-

sXbpw F√m _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-

Iƒ°pw \ntj[n-Iƒ°pw s]mdp-Øp-

sIm-Sp°pw F∂Xv Hcn-°epw icn-b-√.


AXm-bXv AYhm hnizmkw ]cn-

]q¿W-a-s√-¶n¬, A\p-[m-h-\-Øn\pw

A\p-k-c-W-Øn\pw ]q¿W-X-bn-s√-

¶n¬ s]mdp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. _lp-ssZ-hm-

cm-[-I¿°pw \ntj[n-Iƒ°pw A√mlp

shdpsX s]mdpØp sImSp-°n-√. CØ-

c-Øn-ep≈ A¿Y-ßƒ hnip≤ Jp¿-

Bs‚ kv]jvS-amb A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ°v

hncp-≤-am-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ CXv \_n

(k) sb ]cn-]q¿Wambpw A\p-k-cn-

°p-Ibpw ]n≥]-‰p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-

h¿°v kphm¿ Ø-bm-Ip-∂p. Cu ]cn-

]q¿W A\p -k-c -W-Øn -eqsS

ITn\]m]w t]mepw ambv®v If-b-s∏-Sp-

∂p.

k¬amXr-I-bpsS DZm-l-cWw

ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Rm≥ ]d-bp-I-

bp-≠m-bn. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ A√m-lp-

hns‚ Zmk\pw {]nb-s∏-´-h\pw BI-

W-sa-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n

(k) bpsS k¬amXr-Isb A\p-[m-

h\w sNøp-∂-Xns\ \ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p. Hcp {]mhiyw

{]mh¿Øn-I-am°n F∂Xv aXn-bm-h-X-

√. Xncp\_n (k) bpsS amXrI GsX-

¶nepw Hcp Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-

cp∂n√. adn®v lZvdØv Bbni (d)

bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ Im\ Jp¬Jplp¬Jp¿B≥ Bbn-cp-∂p. apgp-h≥ Pohn-

X-Ønepw hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-

(k)bpsS kz`mhw ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥

Bbn-cp-∂p. lZvdØv akolv auDuZv

(A) ]d-bp-I-bp-≠mbn, ]m]-ß-fm¬

\ncm-i-cm-b-h¿°v CXn-eqsS {]Xo-£-

bpsS IncWw ImW-m≥ km[n-°p-∂p.

AXv km[y-am-Ip-∂Xv Cu k¬am-Xr-

Isb {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

ZrV-\n -›bw D≠m-Ip-tºm-gm -Wv.

]n∂oSv ZrV\n›bw am{X-a√ AXv

{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.

]n∂oSv AXn¬ IrXy\njvTbpap≠m-

IWw. lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A)

]d-bp∂p, ChnsS Hm¿t°≠ Imcyw

Cu Bb-Øns‚ kmcw CXm-Wv. Cu

Bb-Øns‚ kw£n-]vXw, As√-¶n¬

Cu Bb-Øns‚ hnj-bw, Dt±-iyw- C-

Xm-Wv. BcmtWm lrZ-bm-fl\m, bm

dkq-ep-√mlv \ns‚ Zmk-cm-Ip-∂Xv

Ah¿°v Ah≥ ]cn-]q¿W hnizm-

khpw, kvt\lhpw, t{]ahpw \¬Ip-

∂-Xm-Wv. AXv Ah¿°v ssZth-X-c-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v tamN\w \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

Ah¿ ]m]-ßfn¬ \n∂v tam£w Ic-

ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CtX temIØv

Ah-¿°v Hcp ]cn-ip≤ PohnXw \¬I-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. imco-cnI Bth-i-ß-

fpsS CSp-ßn-bXpw A‘-Im-c-hp-amb

J_-dp-I-fn≥ \n∂v ]pd-sØ-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

da-Zms‚ Hcp-t±iyw A√m-lp-hns‚

Xr]vXn B{K-ln-°pI, Ah-s‚-Xm-bn-

Øo-cpI, Ahs\ Bcm-[n-°pI F∂-

Xp-am-Wv. CXmWv ssZth-Xc-ß-fn¬

\n∂p≈ tamN-\w. CXv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-

∂-Xn-\mbn dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS

k¬amXr-I-bpsS A\p-[m-h\w A\n-

hm-cy-am-Wv. A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-∂-

h¿°v CtX temIØv Hcp ]cn-ip≤

PohnXw \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p. imco-cnI

Bth-i-ß-fpsS CSp-ßnbXpw A‘-

Im-c-hp-amb J_-dp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ah¿

]pd-sØ-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-te°v

Xs∂-bmWv Cu lZokpw hnc¬ Nq≠p-

∂-Xv.A\¬ lmindp√Zo bplvidp∂mkp AemJZan AXm-bXv BcpsS

Im¬]mZß-fn-emtWm P\-ßƒ Fgp-

t∂¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv B Im¬]mZ-ß-

fn¬ arXsc Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°p-∂-h\mWv

Rm≥. Fs∂ A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-∂-

h-cm-IpI F∂-XmWv, Fs∂ ]n≥]-‰p-

∂-h-cmIpI F∂-Xm-Wv ]mZ-ß-fn¬

Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°-s∏-SpI F∂Xv sIm≠p

t±-in-°p-∂Xv.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Cu D]-a-bm¬

\nd-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂Xv kv]jvS-

ambpw a\- n-em-°p-I. AXm-bXv

temIw \n¿Po-h-ambn Ign-™n-cp-∂p.

A√mlp Cu \_n, JmØ-ap¬

Aºnbm (k) sb \ntbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v

]pXnb \ne-bn¬ `qansb ]p\-cp-÷o-

hn-∏n-®p. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p tIƒ°pI

`qansb AXv \n¿Po-h-am-b-Xn\p tijw

A√mlp Pohn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv AX-

\p-k-cn®v \_n Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS

klm-_m-°ƒ (d) s\ kw_-‘n®v ]d-

bp∂p h AøZlpw _n dqln≥an≥lp AXm-bXv ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv

aptJ\ Ahsc klm-bn-®n-cp-∂p. lrZ-

b-ßsf Pohn-∏n-°p-∂p, Bflob ac-W-

Øn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]cn-

ip≤ Ign-hp-Ifpw ]cn-ip≤ hnIm-c-

ßfpw ]cn-ip≤ ⁄m\-ßfpw \¬I-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚

klmbw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ZrV

⁄m\hpw kv]jvS-amb sXfn-hp-

Ifpambn A√m-lp-hns‚ kmao-]y-Øn-

te°v FØn-°p-∂p. Bflob ac-W-

Øn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w F¥mWv?

ùXoI A`n-em-j-ßsf XyPn-°pI,

kzbw Xs∂ ka¿∏n-°pI. AXn-te°v

A√mlp hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ ho≠pw

ho≠pw {i≤ £Wn-°p-∂p-≠v. CXv

A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn°v ap≥K-W\

\evIpI F∂-Xm-Wv. klm-_m-°ƒ

CsX√mw sNbvX-t∏mƒ A√mlp Ah-

cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ°v Bflob PohnXw

\¬In. Ah¿°v ]cn-ip≤ Ign-hp-Iƒ

\¬In. AXv aptJ\ Ah¿ ssiXzms\

X’-ab ae-bmf hnh¿Ø\w XpSßnAao-dp¬ apAv-an-\o≥ lZvdØv Jeo- -Øp¬ akolv A¬Jm-ankv Xncp-

a-\- ns‚ apkvenw sSen-hn-j≥ Alva-Zn-øm-bn¬ hcp∂ ssehv t{]m{Km-

ap-I-fpsS X¬k-ab ae-bmf hnh¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ssehvkv{Soan -ßn-eqsS CXv e`n -°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ae-bmfw {ihn-°m≥

www.qadianstream.in temKvHm¨ sNøp-I. \nß-fpsS Iº-yq-´¿,

em]vtSm∏v, samss_¬ t^m¨ F∂n-h-bn¬ C‚¿s\‰v IW-£≥

Ds≠-¶n¬ CXv e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Akp-e` kμ¿`w F√m-hcpw

{]tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂v lpkq¿ Xncp-a-\ v {]tXyIw Bh-i-y-s∏-

ń-´p≠v.


FXn-cn-´p. Ah-cpsS Nn¥-Isf ip≤o-

I-cn-®p. Ah¿°v Jp¿-Bs‚ ⁄m\w

\¬In. AXv Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-

tØbpw ⁄m\-sØbpw D∂-X-amb

]Z-hn-bn-te°v FØn-®p. A√m-lp-

hns‚ AkvXnXz -Øn¬ Ah¿°v

Z¿i\ ⁄m\w \¬I-s∏-´p. kzbw

A√m-lp-hns‚ JpZvd-Øns‚ Zriy-ßƒ

Ah¿ Z¿in -®p . AXv Ah¿°v

A√mlphns‚ kmao]yw \¬In.

CsX√mw Xs∂ Ah¿°v Xß-fpsS

bP-am-\-\mb apl-ΩZv (k) sb A\p-

[m-h\w sNbvX-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv Ic-ÿ-am-

bXv.

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) ]d-

bp∂p, ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv aptJ\ a\p-

jy\v e`n-°p∂ Pohn-X-Øn-eq-sS-b-

√msX \n›-b-ambpw tam£-Zm-b-I-amb

Cu Adn-hp-Iƒ a\p-jy\v e`n-°p-∂-X-

√. hnip≤ Jp¿ -B≥ hfsc

i‡nbp‡w {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p, B

Bflob PohnXw Cu ]cn-ip≤ dkq¬

(k) bpsS A\p-[m-h-Øn-eqsS am{Xsa

e`n-°q. AXm-bXv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hn⁄m-\-ßƒ, AXm-

bXv Bflob ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂v

tamN\w e`n-°p∂p, ]cn-ip≤ Ign-hp-

Iƒ e`n-°p∂p, ]cn-ip-≤ hnIm-c-ßƒ

e`n-°p-∂p, ]cn-ip≤ Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n-

°p∂p. tam£-tl-Xp-hmb Cu hn⁄m-

\-ßƒ a\p-jy Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]cn{iaw

sIm≠v am{Xw e`n-°p-∂-X-√. adn®v ]cn-

ip-≤m-flm-hn-eq-sS-bmWv e`n-°p-∂-Xv.

B Bflob PohnXw Cu hnip≤

dkq¬ (k) bpsS A\p-[m-h-\-Øn-eqsS

am{Xsa e`n°q F∂m-Wv Jp¿-B≥

i‡n-bp‡w {]Jym-]n-°p∂Xv. CXv

Bflob Pohn-X-amWv. imco-cnI Pohn-

X-a-√. AXv dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS

amXrIsb A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv e`n-

°p-∂-Xv. Cu BZ-c-hmb dkq¬ (k)

bpsS A\p-[m-h-\sØ ewLn-°p-∂-

F√m-hcpw arX-cm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ Cu

Pohn-X-Øns‚ AXm-bXv Bflob

Pohn-X-Øns‚ Bflmhn√. Bflob

PohnXw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ klm-b-Øm¬

Poh≥ sh°p∂ hn⁄m-\hpw I¿a-

]-c-hp-amb a\p-jys‚ Ign-h-p-I-fpam-Wv.

A√mlp a\p-jy\n¬ \ne-\n¿Øm≥

B{K-ln-°p-∂ Iev]-\-Iƒ 600 BsW-

∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂v sXfn-

bp-∂Xv . CXn\p kam-\-amb \ne-bn¬

Pn_vco¬ (A) s‚ Nnd-Ip-Ifpw 600

BWv. a\p-jyXz-Øns‚ _oPw GXp

hsc 600 Iev] -\ -Isf Xe-

bnte‰ns°m≠v Pn_vcoens‚ Nnd-Ip-

Iƒ°v Iogn¬ hcp-∂n-√tbm Ah-\n¬

A√m-lp-hn¬ ebn®v C√m-Xm-Ip -

∂Xn\p≈ Ipń P\n-°p-∂-X-√. AXm-

bXv a\pjy P∑-Øns‚ DZm-l-cWw

\¬Ins°m≠v ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. a\pjy

_oPw Cu 600 I¬∏-\-Isf X∂n¬

kwPm-X-am-°p-∂n-√tbm, {]mh¿Øn-I-

am-°p-∂n-√tbm AXp-hsc A√m-lp-

hn¬ ebn®v C√m-Xm-Ip∂ a\p-jy-\m-

Im≥ km[n-°n-√. a\pjy bmYm¿Yyw

Xs‚bp≈n¬ 600 ap´-I-fpsS Ign-hp-

Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. CXv _p≤n-ap- p≈

Imcy-a-√. a\p-jys‚ {]Ir-X-Øn¬

A√mlp Cu Ign-hp-Iƒ sh®n-´p-≠v.

Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw ]cn-{i-an-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu Iev]-

\-Isf X∂n¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ Ignhpw {]m]vXn-bp-ap-≠v. ]d-bp-

∂p, BcpsS Ign-hp-I-fpsS 600 ap´-I-

fmtWm Pn_vcoens‚ Ign-hp-I-fpsS 600

Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Iogn¬ hcp-∂-Xv Ah≥

]cn-]q¿W a\p-jy\pw, Ahs‚ P\\w

]cn-]q¿W P\-\hpw, Ahs‚ PohnXw

]cn-]q¿W Pohn-X-hp-am-Ip∂p. AXm-

bXv Ch Ic-ÿ-am-°p-tºm-gmWv

bYm¿Y Bflob P\\w D≠m-Ip-

∂Xpw, bYm¿Y Bflob PohnXw e`n-

°p-∂-Xpw. AXn-\m¬ Cu 600 Iev]\-

Isf kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]cn-{i-

an-°p-I. Kl-\-ambn Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ a\-

n-em-Ip-∂Xv a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚ ap´-I-

fpsS Bflob Ipń-Iƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-

flmhv aptJ\ \_n (k) bpsS A\p-

[m-h-\-Øn¬ P\n-°p-∂p F∂mWv.

AXv Xs‚ Af-hnepw KpW-Ønepw

cq]-Ønepw Ah-ÿ-bnepw as‰√m

{]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sSbpw Ipń-I-sf-°mƒ

]cn-]q¿W-am-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv \_n

(k) bpsS A\p-[m-h-\-Øn-eqsS a\p-

jy\v e`n-°p∂ Bflob Ipń-Iƒ,

Bflob KpW-ßƒ AXv Xs‚ KpW-

Ønepw Af-hnepw Xs‚ cq]-Øns‚

Imcy-Ønepw Xs‚ AhÿbpsS

Imcy-Ønepw F√m Ah-ÿ-bnepw a‰p

{]hm -N -I≥am¿ aptJ\ D≠mb

Bflob hnπ-h-sØ-°mfpw t{ijvS-am-

Ip-∂p. CXn-te°v kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p P\-ß-fpsS kap-≤m-

c-W-Øn-\mbn krjvSn-®n-´p≈ F√m

kap-Zm-b-ß-tf-°mfpw \nßƒ DØ-a-cm-

Ip-∂p. t{ijvS kap-Zm-b-am°n \n›-bn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. A[nI {]`m-j-W-ß-fnepw

\mw t{ijvS kap-Zm-b-sa∂v tIƒ°p-

∂p. Cu t{ijvS kap-Zm-b-am-Ip-∂-Xn-

\mbn \tΩmSv \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-ń-´p≈

F√m Bflob hnπ-h-ßfpw Bflob

Ah-ÿbpw Xß-fpsS D≈n¬ D≠m-

°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]cn-{i-an-t°-≠-

Xp-≠v. \_n (k) CXn-s\-°p-dn®v

]cm¿in-®n- p≠v. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nepw

CXns‚ ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. CØ-c-Øn-

emWv ]cn-jvI-cWw D≠m-hp-I. Cu

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ FØp-tºm-

gmWv a‰p-≈-h-cpsS kap-≤m-c-W-Øn-

\mbn {]h¿Øn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I.

At∏mƒ kap-≤m-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

D≠m-Ip-∂p. dkq-ens‚ amXr-Isb \mw

]n≥]-‰m≥ {ian-°p-tºm-gmWv, \ΩpsS

PohnXw AXn-\-\p-Kp-W-am-°p-tºm-

gmWv, Bfl ]cn-tim-[\ Ft∏mgpw

sNbvXp -sIm-≠n-cn -°p-tºm-gmWv,

\ΩpsS Bflob hf¿®-bn-te°v \oßn-

s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv, As√-¶n¬

AXn\v {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv

Cu ê-ap-≠m-hp-I. A√mlp \ap°v

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂

Iev]-\-Isf Fhn-sS-sb√mw GsX√mw

Imcy-ßfn¬ GsX√mw coXn-bn¬ GXp-

hsc {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-

∂p≠v F∂v t\mt°-≠-Xm-Wv. At∏m-

gmWv \mw \Ωn¬ Bflob hnπhw

kwPm-X-am-°p-I. At∏m-gmWv \ap°v

Ckvemans‚ bYm¿Y ktμiw temI-

Øn-te-s°-Øn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I.

AXn-\m¬ ]m]n-bm-sW-¶nepw

A√m-lp-hns‚ Hcp A_vZv BIm≥

km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ahs‚ F√m ]m]-

ßfpw s]mdp-°-s∏-Smhp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬ dkq¬ (k) bpsS amXr-Isb

]n≥]-‰pIbpw AXn-\mbn ]cn-{i-an-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xns‚ e-ambn Xs‚

k¿h Ign-hp-I-fp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v AXn-

\mbn {ian-°p-I.

\_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-

Øns‚ kpμ-c-amb hi-ßsf \mw

ImWp-∂p. AXns\ A\p-[m-h\w

sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Iev]\ A√mlp

\ap°v \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy\v

Fßs\ GXp-hsc AXv Ic-ÿ-am-

°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv F∂Xns\

kw_‘n®v lZvdØv akolv auDuZv

(A) ]cm-a¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXn-

eqsS Nc-n°p-tºmƒ A√m-lp-hns‚

kvt\lhpw Ic-ÿ-am-Ip-∂p. AXv

aptJ\ Zmk≥ Xs∂ kvt\ln-°p∂

A√m-lp -hns‚ kwc-£-W-Øn¬

FØp-∂p.


A√mlphnt\mSp≈ kvt\l

Ønepw Aht\mSp≈ \μn{]IS\

Ønepw Ahs‚ Bcm[\bnepw F¥v

amXrIbmWv \_n (k) \ne\mńbXv

F∂v \ap°v BZyambn t\m°mw.

apgph≥ Znhkhpw `cWImcyß

fnepw Xs∂ AwKoIcn°p∂hcpsS

]cnjvIcWØnepw in£WØnepw

Ah¿°v BXvaob D∂aØn\p≈

am¿Kßƒ ImWn°p∂Xnepw B

alm\mb \_n (k) hym]rX\mbn

cp∂p. km[mcW Zn\ßfnepw

Xnc°mbncp∂p. bp≤ßfnepw ASnb

¥cmhÿIfnepw ]Iense Xnc°p

ItfmsSm∏w imcocnI {]bmkßfpw

aq¿≤\yXbnseØpambncp∂p .

F∂m¬ \ap°v \_n(k)bpsS ]I¬

kabsØ Bcm[\Ifntem cm{Xn

bnse Bcm[\Ifntem Fs¥¶nepw

XS w ImWm≥ km[n°p∂n√. cm{Xn

Bcm[\°mbn \n¬°ptºmƒ Imen¬

\ocv hcpambncp∂p. ImcWw cm{Xn

bn¬ Bcm[\ A\pjvTn°pI F∂Xv

A√mlphns‚ I¬]\bmbncp∂p.

\_n(k)bpsS cm{Xnbnse Bcm[\

Iƒ A¿≤cm{Xn°v tijhpw A¿≤

cm{Xnbnepw D≈Xmbncp∂p. A√mlp

]dbp∂p cm{Xn DWcp∂Xv \n›b

ambpw icotcOsb Imen\Snbn¬

Nhnńbc°p∂Xn\mbn G‰hpw

i‡hpw hm°pIƒ sNmΔm°p∂Xn\v

IqSpX¬ {]_ehpamWv. lZvdØv

Bbni (d) Hcn°¬ ]d™p. A√mlp

hns‚ dkqte Aßbv°v A√mlp

hns‚ kmao]yw Icÿambncn°p∂p.

Aßv kz¥w icocsØ C{Xbpw

{]bmkØn¬ AIs∏SpØp∂Xv

F¥n\mWv? ]d™p, A√tbm

Bbnim Aêm AIq\p A_vZ≥iIqdm Rm≥ A√mlphns‚

kao]ÿ\msW¶n¬, A√mlp

F∂n¬ A\p{Klw sNmcn™p

´ps≠¶n¬ Ahs‚ \μnbp≈

Zmk\mIpI F∂Xv Fs‚ _m[yX

bt√? HuZmcyØn\p ap∂nemWv

\μn{]ISn∏n°pI. Npcp°Øn¬

\_n(k) Ft∏mgpw A√mlphns‚

A\p{Klßsfbpw HuZmcyßtfbpw

kvacn®v sIm≠ncn°pambncp∂p.

\sΩ apkvenw B°n F∂Xpam{Xa√

adn®v \_n(k)bpsS bYm¿Y Zmk\v

\_n (k) bpsS kemw FØn°p∂

Xn\p≈ XuôJv \¬IpIbpw

sNbvXncn°p∂p F∂Xv A√mlp

\tΩmSv sNbvX HuZmcyamWv. CXv

hensbmcp HuZmcyamWv. CXns‚ \μn

{]ISn∏n°m≥ Xs∂ \sΩsIm

≠mhn√. HclvaZn°v CXns‚ \μn

{]ISn∏n°m≥ km[ya√. F{X

{ian®mepw \ap°v \μn {]ISn∏n°m≥

Ignbn√. AXpsIm≠v Hmtcm

AlvaZnbpw XßfpsS Ignh\pkcn®v

A√mlphns‚ Bcm[\bpsS ISa

\ndth‰p∂Xn\mbn {iant°≠XmWv.

daZm\n¬ D≠m°nsbSpØn´p≈

\êpIfpsS ioew AXv Xm¬°menI

ioeam°cpXv . \ΩpsS ùXnI

e£yßƒ°v th≠nbp≈XmIcpXv.

adn®v A√mlphnt\mSp≈ \μn{]IS

\Øns‚ knwl`mKhpw CXnep≠mbn

cn°Ww. At∏mgmWv Cu Bcm[\

bpsS {]`mhw \ΩpsS hm°pIfp

sSbpw I¿ΩßfpsSbpw kXyXbv

°mbn shfns∏SpI. \mw t{ijvS

kapZmbambns°m≠v temIØns‚

kap≤mcWØn\v {ian°ptºmƒ

\ΩpsS hm°pIƒ {]`mhw sNep

Øp∂Xv \ΩpsS Ahÿ CØcØn

embncn°ptºmgmWv.

^¿fv \akvImcßfnse IrXy\n

jvTsb kw_‘n®v \_n (k) °v

hfsc {i≤bp≠mbncp∂p. AXnITn\

amb tcmKmhÿbnepw, \akvImcw

Ccpt∂m InSt∂m hońtem \akv°

cn°m≥ A\phmZaps≠¶nepw,

a‰p≈hcpsS klmbØm¬ ]≈n

bn¬ PamAØmbn \akvImcw A\p

jvTn°p∂Xn\v th≠n hcpambncp∂p.

F∂m¬ Cßs\sbms°bmsW

¶nepw Bcm[\bn¬ IrXy\n jvTbp

≠mhpIbpw Bcm[\bv°v C{X

{]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXn´pw,

Bcm[\bn¬ Ir{XnaXzhpw Im]Sy

hpw \_n(k) Cjv´s∏ńcp∂n√.

hoń¬ Ib¿ Xq°nbnńcn°p∂Xmbn

\_n (k) I≠t∏mƒ AXns‚

ImcWw At\zjn®p. At∏mƒ

a\ nem°m≥ Ign™Xv lZvdØv

ssk\_v (d) Bcm[\ A\pjvTn®v

Xfcptºmƒ Cu Ibdns‚ klmb

Øm¬ Fgpt∂‰v \n¬°p ambncp∂p

F∂mWv. \_n (k) CXv CjvSs∏ń√.

At±lw ]d™p, F{X t\cw kt¥m

jtØmSpIqSn {]k∂XtbmSpIqSn

Ffp∏Øn¬ Bcm[\ \n¿hln°m≥

Ignbptam \n¿hln°pI. Xfcptºmƒ

Ccn°pI. \_n (k) bv°v F{X

tØmfw i‡n \¬Inbn°p∂p

sh∂m¬ Imev hn≠v Iodnbmepw

Fgpt∂‰v \n¬°pambncp∂p.

F∂m¬ a‰p≈h¿°mbn \_n (k)

kuIcyw \¬In. F∂m¬ kuIcy

Øns‚ A¿Yw, Nne¿ ioeam °nbn

cn°p∂Xv t]mse Ccp∂v \akvIcn

°pI F∂√. Nne¿ cmhnse kp_vln

\akv°mcØn\mbn Fgpt∂‰v hpfp

C√msX InS°bn¬ InS∂psIm≠v

Xs∂ XbΩpw sNbvX v Ccp∂v

\akv°cn°p∂Xv ioeam°nbn´p≠v.

CXv sX‰mWv. CXn¬ \n∂v A\phZ

\oba√mØ {]tbmP\w FSp°cpXv.

Aßs\bmsW¶n¬ CXv Bcm[\

b√. XßfpsS IgnhpIfpw {]m]vXn

Itfbpw ]mcayXbn tes°Ønt°

≠Xv BhiyamWv . B Ignhp

Iƒ°\pkrXambn Hmtcm hy‡nbpw

kzbw A\pam\n°pI. Cßs\

bmIptºmgmWv Xm≥ k¬amXrIbn¬

]n≥]‰m≥ {ian°p∂p F∂v Hmtcm

hy‡n°pw ]dbm≥ km[n°pI.

Bcm[\bpsSbpw \μn{]IS\

Øns‚bpw \nehmcw \mw I≠p

Ign™p. \ΩpsS ap∂n¬ ka¿∏n®

amXrI Rm≥ ]cma¿in®p. F∂m¬

C{]Imcambncp∂n´pw Hcp kμ¿

`Øn¬ \_n (k) Cßs\ ]dbpI

bp≠mbn. Bcpw Xs∂ kz¥w

I¿aßfm¬ kz¿KØn¬ {]thin°p

∂X√. At∏mƒ lZvdØv A_qlp

ssdd (d) tNmZn®p. A√mlp hns‚

ZqXsc! Aßpw kz¥w I¿Ωßfm¬

kz¿KØn¬ {]thin°p Ibnt√?

Aßv apgph≥ cm{Xnbnepw Bcm[\

\n¿hln°p∂p. Imev hn≠v Iodp∂p.

CØcØnep≈ C√mbva bpsS

Ahÿbnte s°Øp∂p. \_n (k)

]d™p, Rm\pw Fs‚ I¿a ßfpsS

_eØn¬ kz¿KØn¬ {]thin°p∂

X√. F∂m¬ A√mlp hns‚

A\p{Klhpw ImcpWyhpamWv Fs∂

kz¿KØn¬ {]thin∏n°pI. F{X

`bØnt‚bpw t]SnbptSbpw

AhÿbmWnXv. \nkmc \∑Ifn¬

Al¶cn°p∂h¿ F{X `bs∏tS≠

XmWv. A√mlp \sΩ Ahs‚

aKv^ndØnt‚bpw A\p{Kl Ønt‚

bpw ]pX∏n¬ ]pX∏n°p amdmIs´.

\ap°v bYm¿Y Bcm[\ A\pjvTn

°p∂Xn\p≈ XuôJv \¬Ipamdm

Is´. Ffnabpw hn\bhpw \¬Ip∂

Xn\p≈ XuôJv \¬IpamdmIs´.

\_n (k) ]d -™p. kz¥w

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \∑ kzmb-Ø-am-°p-

I. A√m-lp-hns‚ kmao-]y-Øns‚

am¿K-ßƒ At\z-jn-°p-I. Bcpw ac-


WsØ B{K-ln-°-cp-Xv. ImcWw

Ah≥ \∑ sNøp-∂-h-\m-sW-¶n¬ \∑-

bn¬ apt∂-dp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚

A\p-{K-l-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-in-bm-Ip-∂-

Xp-am-Wv. AYhm Xn∑ sNøp-∂-h-\m-

sW-¶n¬ Xu_-bv°p≈ XuôJv e`n-

°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Xu_-bv°p≈

XuôJpw A√m-lphns‚ A\p-{K-l-

Øm-emWv e`n-°p-I. AXn-\p-th≠n

ZpB sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. temIØv qcn-]-

£hpw Xn∑-I-fn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-

h-cm-Wv. Ah-c-Xn¬ apt∂-dn-s°m-≠n-

cn-°p-I-bmWv. \_n (k) Cu ]d-™Xv

hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v th≠n-bn´mWv. \nkm-

c-amb Xn∑-Isf kw_-‘n-®mWv ]d-

™-Xv. Ah¿°v B \yq\-X-Iƒ Zqco-

I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ XuôJv e`n-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv.

Xu_-bn-te°v {i≤n-°p-∂-h¿°m-

bn-´mWv \_n (k) Cßs\ ]d-™-Xv.

AXn-te°p {i≤n-®p-sIm≠v \∑-bn¬

apt∂-dm≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂p. acWw

hn[n-°-s∏-´-XmWv F∂m¬ A√m-lp-

th, \o Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp∂ ka-bØv ac-W-

s∏-Sp-ØtW F∂v ZpB sNøp-∂p.

\_n (k) ]d-™p. Xß-fpsS Ign-hp-

I-tfbpw A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-ß-

tfbpw icn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-

°pI F∂-Xv [n°mcamWv. Cu Ign-hp-

Isf {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Bcm-

[-\-bn¬ s] -Xm-Wv, Cu Ign-hp-I-fpsS

icn-bmb D]-tbm-Khpw Bcm-[-\-bn¬

s] -Xm-Wv. A√mlp \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂

Ah-b-h-ßfmb sNhn, IÆv, \mhv,

ssI, Imev apX-em-bh sIm≠v \∑

sNøp-∂Xpw Bcm-[-\-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

ImXp-I-fn-eqsS \∑-bpsS Imcy-ßƒ

tIƒ°p-∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn

Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-h-\m°n am‰p-∂p.

F∂m¬ Bfp-I-fpsS ]c-Zq-j-Whpw

Gj-Wnbpw tIƒ°p-∂Xv ]m]-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ Xn∑-bpsS Imcy-ßƒ tIƒ°-

cp-sX∂v IcpXn Bsc-¶nepw Xs‚

sNhn ÿnc-ambn AS-®p-sh-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ AXpw AXns‚ icn-bmb D]-

tbm-K-a-√. adn®v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈

[n°m-c-ambn amdp∂Xm-Wv.

CXmWv \_n (k) \ap°v kz¥w

I¿a-ß-fm¬ ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-∂-Xv. \_n

(k) bpsS kl-\hpw ]mc-ay-X-bn¬

FØn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. aZy-\n-tcm-[-\-

Øn\v ap≥]v Hcp klm_n el-cn-bn¬

\_n (k) sb Fs¥m-s°tbm ]d-

™p. \_n (k) \ni-_vZ-\mbn {ihn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Abmsf H∂pw ]d-™n-

√. A√mlp \_n (k)°v `c-Whpw

\¬IpIbp≠mbn. aZo-\-bn¬ h∂-

t∏mƒ cWw ÿm]n-X-am-bn. B Ah-

ÿ-bnepw kl-\-Øns‚ D∂X amXr-

I-Iƒ \ap°v e`n-°p-∂p. temIØv \mw

ImWp∂p, Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw ]°¬

\mev ss]k h∂m¬ As√-¶n¬ sNdn-

sbmcp ]Zhn e`n-®m¬ ]n∂oSv aq°n¬

Cu® Ccn-°m≥ kΩXn°n√. CjvS-

Øn\v hncp -≤-amb Fs¥-¶nepw

tI´m¬ tIm]n-°m≥ XpS-ßp-∂p.

F∂m¬ \_n (k) bpsS s]cp-am‰w

FØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p? Hcn-°¬

Hcp blqZn h∂v \_n (k) bpambn

X¿°n-°m≥ XpS-ßn.-X¿°-Øn-\n-S-bn¬

Abmƒ ho≠pw ho≠pw apl-ΩZv

F∂v ]d-™m-bn-cp∂p kwkm-cn-®ncp∂-

Xv. AXm-bXv apl-ΩZv F∂v am{Xsa

]d-bp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. \_n (k)

aZo-\-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂

ka-bsØ kw`-h-am-Wn-Xv. am{X-a√

Np‰p-]mSpw, Zqsc hscbpw \_n (k)

bpsS cWw hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. klm-_m-

°ƒ°v blq-Zn-bpsS Cu kw`m-j-W-

ssien CjvS-s∏-ń-√. klm-_m-°ƒ

\_n (k) sb bm dkq-ep-√mlv F∂m-

bn-cp∂p A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-

Xv. Aap-kvenw-Iƒ \_n (k) bpsS

ÿm\-t∏-cmb A_p¬ Jmkow F∂v

]d-™mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. -b-lqZn

ho≠pw ho≠pw apl-ΩZv F∂p ]d-™-

t∏mƒ klm-_m-°ƒ Abm-tfmSv tZjy-

s∏´p ]d-™p. dkq-ep-√mlv F∂v ]d-

bm≥ ]‰n-s√-¶n¬ ÿm\-t∏-cmb

A_p¬ Jmknw F∂v hnfn-®p-sIm-≈p-

I. blqZn ]d-™p. Rm≥ At±-l-

Øns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ C´ t]cnte

hnfn-°q. At∏mƒ \_n (k) ]p©n-

cn®p F∂n´p ]d-™p. Cbmƒ ]d-bp-

∂Xv icn-bm-Wv. Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ

Fs‚ t]cv apl-ΩZv F∂mWv sh®n- p-

≈-Xv. Abmƒ Aßs\ hnfn-®p-sIm-≈-

s , tZjy-s∏-S-cp-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ

\_n (k) sb ssI ]nSn®v \n¿Øp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. Nne ka-bØv \_n (k)

bpsS AXym-h-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ XS- -am-

Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. \_n(k) bpsS kabw

]mgm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ hfsc

kl-\-tØmSpw £a-tbmSpw IqSn Ah-

cpsS Imcy-ßƒ tIƒ°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-am-

bn-cp-∂p.

\oXn-bpsS \ne-hmcw F{X-tØm-f-

sa-∂m¬, Bsc-¶nepw A]-cm[w

sNbvXm¬ [\n-I-\mtWm Zcn-{Z-\mtWm

F∂v t\m°n-√. D∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-\mtWm

km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mtWm F∂v t\m°n-√.

Hcp kº∂ kv{Xo as‰m-cm-fpsS [\w

ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ in£n-®p.

At∏mƒ hen-b-h-enb Bƒ°m-cn¬

Akz-ÿX DS-se-Sp-Øp. {]tXy-In®v

ASpØ _‘p-°-fn¬. CXv D∂X

IpSpw-_-Ønse kv{Xobm-Wv. Ah-sf-

sb-¥n-\mWv in£n-®-Xv. \_n (k)

bpsS khn-[-Øn-te°v Dkm-asb Ch-

fpsS in£ am∏m-°Ww F∂ ip]m¿i-

bp-ambn Ab-®p. AXv tI -t∏mƒ \_n

(k) tZjy-s∏- p. ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw A\p-

I-º-bpsS {]Xn-cq -]-amb kl\w

ssIsIm-≈p∂ k¬kz-`m-h-tØm-Sp-

IqSn s]cp-am-dp∂ hy‡n-bmb \_n

(k) °v Hcn-°epw tIm]w hcn-√m-bn-cp-

∂p. F∂m¬ B Ah-k-c-Øn¬

tIm]w h∂p. A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬]-

\°v hncp-≤-ambn ip]m¿i sNøp-∂-Xn-

\mtWm Fs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂n- p-≈-Xv.

ap≥ kap-Zm-b-ßƒ \in-®Xv hen-b-hsc

]cn-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNdn-b-h-tcmSv

A\oXn ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\m-

em-Wv. Ckvemw CXv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√.

A√m-lp-hmsW kXyw! AYhm Fs‚

aIƒ mXzn-a-bmWv A]-cm[w sNbvX-

sX-¶n¬ Rm≥ Ahsf in£n-°msX

hnSn -√. C°m-e -L-´ -Øn¬ \oXn

apkvenw-I-fn¬ \n∂v A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-

cn-°p-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p. CXmWv

Ch-cpsS A]-N-b-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn-

s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ap°pw C°m-c-y-

Øn¬ [mcmfw kq£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

\ΩpsS mc-hm-ln-Ifpw \nb-am-h-Imiw

]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn-

ep≈ \ne-hmcw \ne-\m-´m≥ {ian-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. CXv hfsc A]-I-S-Im-cn-bm-

Wv. CXv A[x-]-X-\-Øn-\p≈ tlXp-hm-

bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.

i{Xp-°-tfm-Sp≈ \oXnsb kw_-

‘n-®pw Jp¿-B-\nI I¬]-\-bp-≠v.

AXns‚ F¥v amXr-I-bmWv ImWn-®-

Xv? AXn\p-≈ Hcp DZm-l-c-Whpw ]d-

bmw. klm-_m-°sf a°-bn¬ Hcp

ÿeØv hnhcw At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn-

\mbn Ab-®p. Ch¿ ld-ans‚

AXn¿Øn -bn¬ FØn-b -t∏mƒ

AhnsS Ipd-®m-fp-Isf I≠p. Chsc

]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-bn-cn°mw, As√-¶n¬

Ch¿ sN∂v a°-°msc Adn-bn°pw

F∂ kwibw D≠m-bn. A°m-c-W-

Øm¬ B klm-_m-°ƒ Ahsc A{I-

an-®p. Ah-cn¬ Hcmsf h[n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Cu klm-_m-°ƒ Xncn®v aZo-


\-bn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]pdsI a°-°m-

cpsS Hcp kwLw ]cm-Xn-bp-am-sb-Øn.

CØcØn¬ ld-ans‚ AXn¿Øn-bn¬

Ah¿ sIme \S-Øn. \nßƒ apkvenw-

Isf F{X I≠v D]-{Z-hn-®n-cp-∂p? ld-

ans‚ AXn¿Øn -I -fn¬ t]mepw

sNbvX A{I-a-ßƒ ad∂p t]mtbm

F∂v adp-]-Sn-bmbn tNmZn-°m-am-bn-cp-

∂p. F∂m¬ \_n (k) ]d-™p. icn.

Hcp-]t£ klm-_m-°sf Ah¿ {]Xn-

tcm-[n-®n- p-≠m-hn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ch¿

ld-an¬ A`bw tXSp -∂XmWv.

Aßs\ Xß-fpsS Poh≥ kpc-£n-X-

am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Rß-fpsS Bfp-

Iƒ A{Iaw {]h¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

\_n (k) Ah-tcmSv ]d™p icn-bm-

Wv. CXn-\p-]-I-c-ambn h[-in£ \S-∏m-

°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ Atd-_y-bnse

BNm-c-{]-Imcw ]Icw h[in£

\S∏m°n. t{ijvS\mb \oXnam≥ F√m-

bn-SØpw \ne-\m-ńb \oXn-bpsS \ne-

hm-c-am-bn-cp∂p CXv.

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS hnIm-c-ßsf am\n-°p-

∂-Xns‚ \ne-hm-chpw t\m°p-I. Hcp

blqZn \_n (k) bpsS ]°¬ ]cmXn

]d-bp-∂p. A_q-_-°¿ (d) Fs‚

a\ v thZ-\n-∏n-®p. Rm≥ A√m-lp-

hns\ kXyw sNbvXp-sIm≠v ]d-bp-

∂p. A√mlp apl-ΩZv dkq-ep-√mlv (k)

sb lZvdØv aqk-tb-°mƒ t{ijvT-\m-

°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p F∂t±lw ]d-™p.

CXv tI v F\n°v hnj-a-ap-≠mbn F∂v

blqZn ]d-™p. \_n (k) F√m {]hm-

N-I-∑m-tc-°mfpw t{ijvT-\mWv F∂Xv

bmYm¿Yyw Xs∂-bm-Wv. hnip≤ Jp¿-

B\pw CXn\v km£yw hln-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ \_n (k) lZvdØv A_q-_-

°¿ (d) sb hnfn-®p-sIm≠v tNmZn-®p.

At±lw ]d-™p. XpS°w Ipdn-®Xv

Cu hy‡n-bm-Wv. apgp-tem-I-tØ°pw

t{ijvTX \¬Inb aqksb kXyw

sNbvXp Rm≥ ]d-bp∂p F∂v ]d-bp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. \_n (k) ]d-™p.

F∂mepw Aßs\ sNø-cp-Xv. a‰p-≈-

h-cpsS hnIm-csØ am\n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

CXm-bn-cp∂p a‰p-≈-h-cpsS hnIm-c-

tØm-Sp≈ BZ-c-hv.

a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn\v tkh\w sNøp-

∂-hsc Fß-s\-bmWv \_n (k) BZ-

cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv? Xmbn tKm{X-Ønse Bfp-

Iƒ apkvenwIfp-ambn bp≤w sNbvXp.

Ah-cn¬ \n∂v Ipd-®p-t]¿ XS-hp-Im-cm-

°-s∏-´p. AXn¬ Atd-_y-bnse

{]ikvX [¿a-io-e-\mb lmXnw -Xm-

bpsS aI-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \_n (k)

bv°v hnhcw e`n-®-t∏mƒ Ahsc hnfn-

∏n-®p. Ah-cpsS ip]m¿i-bn¬ \_n

(k) Ah-cpsS tKm{X-Øns‚ in£bpw

£an-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. CXm-bn-cp∂p a\p-

jy-Ip-e-Øn\v HuZmcyhm\mb hy‡n-

bpsS a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn\v HuZmcyw

sNøp-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰hpw Ah-

tcm-Sp≈ BZ-chpw.

kv{XoI-fpsS A¥ pw B`n-Pm-

Xyhpw Fß-s\-bmWv \_n (k) \ne-

\m- n-b-Xv. Atd-_y-bpsS BNm-c-{]-Imcw

kv{XoIsf a¿Zn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. \_n

(k) bv°v Adnhv e`n-®-t∏mƒ ]d-™p.

kv{XoIƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmkn-I-fm-Wv.

\nß-fpsS Zmkn-I-f-√. Hcp klm_n

\_n (k) tbmSv tNmZn-®p. mcy-am-tcm-

Sp≈ Rß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-sa-¥m-Wv?

\_n (k) ]d-™p. A√mlp \nßƒ°v

`£n-°p-hm-\mbn \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

Ah-tcbpw `£n-∏n-°p-I. \nßƒ°v

[cn-°m≥ \¬Ip-∂Xv Ah-tcbpw [cn-

∏n-°p-I. Ah-cpsS apJ-Ø-Sn-°-cp-Xv.

Ahsc Ak`yw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Ahsc

hoń¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°-cp-Xv. C°m-e-

L-´-Øn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kw`-h-

ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp≠v F∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ

e`n-°m-dp-≠v. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ Nn¥n-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp mKØv A√m-lp-hn-

t\mSv ZpB sNøp∂p. adp-`m-KØv

Ahs‚ Iev]-\°v hncp -≤-ambn

{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

\_n (k) ]d-™p. \nß-fn¬ \n∂v

DØ-a≥ \nß-fpsS ho´p-Im-tcmSv

G‰hpw DØ-a-cm-b-h-cm-Ip-∂p. Rm≥

\nß-sf -°mƒ IqSp -X -embn

\√Xpt]mse s]cp-am-dp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p.

t\c-sØbpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

`c-W-]-chpw in£W-]-c-hp-amb Xnc-

°p-Iƒ Imc-W-Øm¬ \_n (k)bpsS

kabw Atß-b‰w hne-]n-Sn-®Xmbncp-

∂p. Bcm-[-\-bnepw hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp-

∂p. F∂m¬ CsX-√m-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-

t]mepw ho´p-tPm-en-I-fnepw DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Xz-ß-fnepw NneXv \n¿h-ln-°p-am-bn-cp-

∂p. lZvdØv Bbni (d) ]d-bp-∂p.

\_n (k) hoń-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ka-b-a-

{Xbpw ho´p-Imsc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xnepw

tkhn-°p-∂-Xnepw hym]r-X-\m-Ip-am-bn-

cp-∂p. \_n (k) bpsS a‰v DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Xz-ßƒ hońse DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-ƒ°v

XS- -am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Iodnb hkv{Xw

Xp∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p. BSns‚ ]m¬ Id-°p-

am-bn-cp-∂p. sshIn hoń-se-Øn-bm¬

`£Ww As√-¶n¬ ]mev kzbw

FSpØv Ign-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ho´p-Imsc

DW¿Øn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ ho´p-tPm-

en-Iƒ sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]m]-am-bn-

t∏mIpw F∂v [cn-°p-∂-h¿°p≈

k¬amXr-I-bm-Wn-Xv. sshIn hoń-se-

Øn-bm¬ `mcy FWo‰v `£Ww

NqSm°nØcWw F∂v [cn-°p-∂-

h¿°p≈ amXr-I-bm-Wn-Xv. Aßs\

sNbvXn-√m-sb-¶n¬ ho´p-Im-cpsS ta¬

Xß-fpsS bw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-

Wv. GXp-hsc CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-h¿ mcy-

amsc _p≤n-ap- n-°p-∂n-√tbm Ah¿°v

kzÿX e`n-°n-√. ]pdØp Nne-sc-°p-

dn®v F\n°v ]cmXn e`n-°m-dp-≠v. Pam-

A-Øns‚ tPmen sNøp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-

°pw. hfsc \√- s]cpam‰hp-am-bn-

cn°pw. F∂m¬ hoSp-I-fn¬ `mcy-am-

cpsS ta¬ sNøp∂ t{Zml-ßƒ

tI´m¬ Cu a\p-jy≥ ]pdØv Fßs\-

bmWv AIØv Fß-s\-bmWv F∂-

Xn¬ AZv p-X-s∏- p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Nne Ah-

k-c-ß-fn¬ ]pcp-j-∑msc Ah-cpsS

_‘p-°ƒ NoØ-bm-°p-∂p. ktlm-Z-

cn-am-cp-≠v, amXm-°fp≠v. AYhm GsX-

¶nepw AXn-Yn-°p-th≠n ]pcp-j≥

Nmb-bp-≠m°n sIm≠p-h-∂m¬ ]d-

bp∂p, `mcy-bpsS ASn-a-bm-bn. As√-

¶n¬ CsX-¥p-]-‰n? Chs‚ mcy F¥v

kv{Xobm-Wv? Rß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c≥

As√-¶n¬ aI-s\-sIm≠v tPmen sNøn-

∏n-°p-∂p. ]mhw ktlm-Z-c≥! ]mhw

aI≥! ho´p-tPmen sNøp-∂p. Cßs\

Bh-iy-an-√msX BÏp-ń-I-fpsS

a\ v ]X-dp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-h¿

`mcy-amsc D]-{Z-hn-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂p.

F∂m¬ Ah¿ Cu tPmen sNøp-

∂XpsIm≠v ]mh-am-Ip-∂n-√. CXv

dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS k¬am-Xr-

I-bm-Ip-∂p. AXv {]mh¿Øn-I-am°n

Ah≥ {]Xn- ew kºm-Zn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kzbwXs∂ t\sc-bm-°p-I-bm-Wv.

A√m-lp-hns‚ bYm¿Y Zmk-\m-Ip-∂-

Xn\v {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. mcy-amsc t{Zmln-

®-Xp-Im-c-W-Øm¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ ]nSp-

Ø-Øn¬ hcp-tºmgpw, - hnizm-k-

Øns‚ D∂-X-hmZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p-

sIm≠v Cu kz`m-h-Kp-W-amtWm

\nßƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°n-b-Xv? CXmtWm

\nßƒ {]ISn∏n-®-Xv F∂v tNmZn-°-s∏-

Sp-tºmgpamWv Ch¿ ]mham-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp

`mKØv Cu hmZw, adp- m-KØv Cu {]I-

S-\w. AXn-\m¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]pcp-

j-∑m¿ Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

\_n (k) kz¥w Ipń-Iƒ°pw

IqsS-bp≈ a‰v Ipń -Iƒ°p-ambn

tijw t]Pv 21˛¬


Pohn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wma Ncn-{X-tØm-

sSm∏w AXns‚ kwth-Z-\m--h-b-h-ßƒ

(Sensory Organs) Bhn¿`-hn-°m≥

Imc-W-amb LS-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \mw

At\z-jn-°p-tºmƒ {]mY-anI L´w

apX¬ \jvS-ß-fp-tSbpw t\´-ß-fp-

tSbpw A\p- -h-ßƒ Ah°v Ft∏mgpw

D≠m-bn- p-s≠∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ \ymb-

ambpw \mw FØn-t®-cp-∂p. ]cn-Wmaw

F∂Xv t\´-ß-fp-sSbpw tIm´-ß-fp-

sSbpw ad™p InS-°p∂ km£m-Xv°m-

c-ß-fpsS kpZo¿L-am-sbmcp tLmj-bm-

{X-bm-sW∂v \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Cu

]cn-Wma bm{X-bn¬ kpJ-Ønt‚bpw

thZ-\-bp-tSbpw Bizm-k-Øn-t‚bpw

IjvSm-\p-`-h-Øn-t‚bpw km∂n≤yw

A\p- -hn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ kwth-Z-t\-{μn-b-

ß-fpsS {Ita-W-bp≈ cq]o-I-cWw

kw -hn-°p-∂p. ]cn-Wma t{iWn-bnse

Xmsg ]Sn-bn-ep≈ Pohn-cq-]-ßsf

sXm´p apI-fnse Db¿∂ Pohn-cq-]-ß-

fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ ]cn-

Wm-a-Øns‚ bYm¿Y kmcw t_m[-

Øns‚ ]cn-Wm-a-am-sW∂v \ap°v Xncn-

®-dnbm≥ {]bm-k-an-√. Np‰p-ap-≈Xv

{Kln-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ \nc-¥cw

aq¿® Iqń-s°m≠v Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-

ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-

bn-te°v XpS¿®-bmbn apI-fn-tem v Ib-

dn-t∏m-hp∂ tKmhWn-bmWv Poh≥.

XpS-°-Øn¬ t\´sØ ]‰nbpw

\jvSsØ ]‰n-bp-ap≈ Ah-t_m[w

hfsc Ahy-‡hpw Zp¿{Km-ly-hp-am-Wv.

{]mY-anI Pohn-I-fn¬ Cu t_m[w ico-

c-Øn¬ GXv mKØv ÿnXn sNøp∂p

F∂v hy‡-ambn \n¿W-bn-°m≥

km[y-a-√. ]t£, ]cn-k-c-tØmSpw

Ah-ÿ-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ AXns‚ {]Xn-I-

c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v B Pohn-Iƒ°v

icocw apgp-h≥ hym]n®p InS-°p∂

kwth-Z-\-{Km-ln-I-fp-s≠∂v \ap°v a\-

n-em-°mw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ kwth-Z\w

km[y-am-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv ico-c-

Øn¬ apgp-h≥ hym]n®p InS-°p-∂Xpw

hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb kwth-

Z-\m--h-bhw {kjvSmhv {]mcw-`-L-´-

Øn¬ Xs∂ Pohn-bpsS ico-c-Øn¬

k∂n-th-in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kwth-

Z\ t_m[w {ItaW hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw

ssPh ico-c-Øn¬ AXns‚ ÿm\w

krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu

ÿm\w \n¿Wbn-°-s∏´ kwth-Z-\m-h-

bh-ßfmWv \ΩpsS ]t©-{μn-b-ß-

fmbn Ct∏mƒ Adn-bs∏Sp-∂-Xv. akvXn-

jv°-Øns‚ krjvSn∏v hyXy-kvXhpw

]t©-{μn-b-ß-tfmSv _‘-an-√m-Ø-Xp-

amb Hcp krjvSn {]{In-b-bm-bn-cp-∂n-

√. ico-c-Ønse kwth-Z-\m-h-b-h-ßƒ

\¬Ip∂ ktμ-i-ß-fpsS KqV-`mj

a\- n-em-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb tI{μ-

\mUo hyh-ÿ-bp-sStbm akvXn-jv°-

Øn-s‚tbm hnImkw Cu kwth-Z\mh-

b-h-ß-fpsS hnIm-k-tØm-sSm∏w

Xs∂ kw -hn-®n-s√-¶n¬ Ah e-iq-

\y-ambn Xocpw. Bb-Xn-\m¬ kwth-Z\

hyh-ÿ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-

bn¬ akvXn-jv°hpw hf¿∂p hnI-kn-

°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv F∂ Imcyw

kv]jvS-am-Wv. IqSp-X¬ hnI-kn®

t_m[w IqSp-X¬ \jvS-Øn-t‚bpw

t\´-Øn-t‚bpw Xo{hhnIm-c-ap-≠m-

°p∂ {]tXyI \mUo-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬

A\p -` -h -s∏ -Sp∂ Cu hnImcw

\jvSsØ IjvSm-\p- -h-ambpw t\´sØ

kpJm-\p-`-h-ambpw ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n®v

akvXn-jv°-Øn-eqsS a\- n-se-Øn-

°p∂p.

Ipd™ tXmXn¬ hnI-kn® t_m[-

ap≈ Pohn-Iƒ°v sNdnb tXmXn-ep≈

IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßtf D≠m-hq. AtX-

t]mse Xs∂ IjvSm-\p-`-h-ß-fpw

kt¥m-jhpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ kwth-Z\

kwhn-[m\w Hgn®p IqSm-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv.

IjvSm -\p -` -h -ß-fpsS \ne -hmcw

Xmgv∂Xm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ hn]-co-X-

amb kt¥mjw A\p-`-hn-°m-\p≈

Ignhpw B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn AtX Af-

hn¬ Ipd-™n-cn-°pw. ]cn-Wm-a-N{Iw

Id-°m≥ kt¥m-jhpw IjvSm-\p-`-h-

ßfpw Hcp-t]mse Xpey {]m[m-\y-

tØmsS ]s¶-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. H∂ns\

IqSmsX as‰m∂v {]h¿Øn-°pIbmsW-

¶n¬ AXv ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ apgp-h≥

k¿Km-flI ]≤-Xn-tbbpw \njv -e-am-

°pw.

IjvSm-\p-`-hsØ kzbw Xs∂

kzX-{¥-amb Hcp AkvXnXzw \¬In

ssZhw krjvSn-®n-ń-s√∂v hnip≤

Jp¿B\n¬ \n∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kpJm-\p-`-h-Øn-s‚bpw

kt¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw Hgn®p IqSm-\m-

hmØ Hcp {]Xn-Iq-em-h-ÿ-bm-bn- mWv

IjvSm-\p-`-hsØ krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

kt¥m-j-Øns‚ A`m-h-amWv IjvSm-

\p-`-hw. AXv \ng¬ t]mse-bm-Wv.

shfn®w XS-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ AXns‚

\ng¬ krjvSn°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv t]mse-

bmWv. PohnXw Fhn -sS -bpt≠m

AhnsS ac-W-ap-≠v. Hcp Xe-Øns‚

c≠p hn]-coX {[ph-ß-fm-W-h. AXn-\n-

S-bn¬ FÆ-a‰ Xe-ßfpw hnXm-\-ß-fp-

ap-≠v. \mw ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂v F{X AI-

se-bmtWm AtX A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ \mw

Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v ASp-°p-∂p.

AkvXnXz-Øns‚ AXn-Po-h\ ka-

csØ ]‰n \mw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-t°≠

Hcp {][m\ XØz-am-Wn-Xv. Cu AXn-Po-

h-\-k-a-c-amWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ KpW-\n-

e-hmcw sa®-s∏-SpØn ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚

A¥n-a-e£yw t\Sm≥ Pohn-Isf

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv. A¿l-X-bp-≈Xv AXn-

Po-hn°pw F∂ XØzw ]cn-Wma ]≤-

Xn-bn¬ ka-{K-amb Hcp-]-¶mWv hln-

°p-∂Xv.

-IjvSm\p`hßƒ°v alØmb Hcp e£yw

IqSnbp≠v. PohnXØns‚ KpW ta∑ h¿[n∏n°m\pw

hnIk\Øn\pamWv Ah kwhn[m\w sNøs∏´Xv.

IjvSm\p`hßfpsS bp‡nimkv{Xw A\ntj[yamw

hn[w hnhcn°p∂p.

IjvSm\p`hßƒ F¥p sIm≠v?lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv(dlv)

teJ\w


Cusbmcp {]Xn-`m-k-sØ-]-‰n,

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv

C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.

‘BcpsS ssIbn-emtWm ]c-am-[n-

Imcw ÿnXn sNøp-∂Xv Ah≥ ]cn-

ip-≤-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah≥ F√m Imcy-

ßƒ°pw ]q¿W-ambpw Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-

Wv. \nß-fn¬ \n∂v BcmWv G‰hpw

\∂mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂v \nßsf

]co-£n®v Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v th≠n ac-

Whpw Pohn-Xhpw krjvSn-®-h-\s{X

Ah≥. Ah≥ {]Xm-]-hm\pw k¿hYm

s]mdp-°p-∂-h-\p-am-Ip-∂p.’F¥p-sIm≠v IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßƒ

D≠m-hp∂p F∂ {]iv\-Øn\v DØcw

hfsc hn]p-e-amb coXn-bn¬ Cu hN-

\-Øn¬ A¥¿ -hn-®n- p-≠v.

Pohn -X -Øn -s‚bpw ac -W-Øn -

s‚bpw AXn-K-l-\-amb XØz-ßƒ

AXv c≠-n-\pan-S-bn-ep≈ FÆ-a‰ hI-

t -Z-ßƒ Pohn-XsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xn\pw AXns‚ KpW-\n-e-hmcw sa®-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Ah \n¿hln-°p∂

]¶v CsX√mw ta¬ ]d™ Jp¿-B≥

hN-\-Øn-ep-≠v. krjvSn-]-≤-Xn-bpsS

bmYm¿Yy-amWv ChnsS ssZhw shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-Øn\v

{Inbm-fl-I-amb Hcp aqey-ta-bp-≈q-

sh∂pw acWw F∂m¬ AXns‚ A`m-

h-am-sW∂pw \mw Adn-bp-∂p. H∂n¬

\n∂v at‰-Xns\ th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ hy‡-

amb hn -P-\-tc-J-sbm-∂p-an-√. Pohs‚

ac-W-Øn -te -°p≈ {]bm -Whpw

Pohs‚ £bhpw aμ-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ Hcp

{]{In-b-bm-Wv. t\¿ hn]-co-X-Zn-i-bn¬

ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂v Pohn-X-Øn-te°v

k©-cn -°p∂ apd -°-\p -k -cn® v

i‡nbpw Du¿P-hpw t_m[hpw B¿Pn-

°p-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂p. CXv krjvSn-

bpsS _rlZv ]≤-Xn-bpsS al-Ømb

Bkq-{X-W-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ F¥p-

sIm≠v ssZhw AXv C{]-Imcw

Bkq{XWw sNbvXp? ‘\nß-fn¬ \n∂vBcmWv G‰hpw \∂mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX-∂-dn-bm≥’ F∂XmWv AXn\v

Jp¿-B≥ \¬Ip∂ DØcw.

ac-W-Øn\pw Pohn-X-Øn\pw CS-bn-

ep≈ imiz-X-amb kwL-´-\-am-Wn-Xv.

Pohn-XsØ AXv \nc-¥cw ]co-£-W-

Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°p∂p. Cu ka-c-

Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp -°p-∂-h¿ BcmWv

G‰hpw \√ coXn-bn¬ AXns\ AXn-

Po-hn®v AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ D∂X ]Z-hn-

Iƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-sX-∂-dn-bm-\m-Wn-

Xv. ta¬Im-Wn® hN-\-Øn¬ ]cn-Wm-

a-Øns‚ XØzhpw cl-kyhpw hnh-cn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. Poh-s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-

s‚bpw Cu c≠v i‡n-I-fp-sSbpw \nc-

¥c kacw Pohn-Iƒ°v ac-W-Øn¬

\n∂v AI-em\pw AXn-te°v ASp-°m-

\p-ap≈ D’mlw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ hn]p-e-amb Poh-cm-in-

bn¬ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-

hmcsØ AXv A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Itbm timjn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøpw.

CXmWv ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ A¥x-k-

Øbpw ssNX-\y-hpw.

krjvSn ]-≤-Xn-bn¬ A¿Y-h-Ø-mb

bmsXmcp ]¶pw \n¿h-ln-°m-\n-√mØ

kzX-{¥-amb AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ H∂p am{X-

am-bn- mWv IjvSm-\p- hw krjvSn-°-s∏-

´-sX-¶n¬ AXv tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. IjvSm-\p- -h-Øns‚ A\p- h

⁄m\tam AXv A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv

F¥m-sW-∂-Xns\ ]‰n-bp≈ Adnthm

Cs√-¶n¬, Bizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw kpJ-

Øn-s‚bpw A\p-`-hhpw D≠m-hn√.

thZ-\bpw bmX-\bpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-

°msX kt¥m-j-Øn\pw Blvfm-Z-

Øn\pw AXns‚ A¿Yw \jvS-s∏Spw

F∂Xv Dd-∏m-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ AkvXn-

Xz-Øn\v e£yw C√m-Xm-hp-tºmƒ

Xo¿®-bmbpw ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ Nph-Sp-

sh-∏p-Iƒ AXns‚ hgn-bn¬ \n¬°p-

Ibpw ayXyp-hns\ {]m]n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw.

]t©-{μn-b-ß-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬

\jvS-Øn-s‚bpw t\´-Øn-s‚bpw

t_m[w Hcp h≠n-bpsS c≠v N{I-ßƒ

t]mse Xpey {][m-\-amb Hcp ]¶mWv

hln-®-Xv. H∂v C√m-Xm-bm¬ at‰-Xns‚

A¿Yw \jvS-s∏-Spw. h≠n-bpsS

k¶ev]w Xs∂ XIcpw. Pohn-X-Øn-

s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw Cu kwL-

´-\-amWv IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßƒ D≠m-°p-

∂Xv. AXv Xs∂-bmWv kt¥mjw

D≠m-hp-∂-Xn\pw Imc-W-ambn Xocp-∂-

Xv. IjvSm\p-`-h-amWv ]cn-Wma hml-

\sØ A\-¥-ambn apt∂m´p \bn-

°p∂ Nme-I-i-‡n.

]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ kpZo¿L Ncn-{X-

Øn¬ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ am‰-ß-fp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ v ]ehn[ tcmK-ßfpw

Bhn¿`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI am‰-

ßƒ, \ne-\n¬]n-\p≈ ka-cw, D¬]-

cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ(Mutation), A]-I-S-

ßƒ Ch-sb√mw Iq´mtbm H‰-Xn-

cnt™m ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ KXn-bn¬

AXn-t‚-Xmb ]¶v hln-®n- p-≠v. tcmK-

ßƒ, AwK-ssh-I-ey-ßƒ, Zu¿e- yX

F∂n-h-sb√mw Pohs‚ KpW-\n-e-

hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]¶p

hln®n´p-≠v. ]e Pohn h¿Kßfpw

t_m[-]q¿Δ-a-√m-sX-bmWv ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-

te°v IS∂p hcp-∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv. ]t£, Ah-bpsS ]cn-Wmaw

hy‡-amb Hcp Zni-bn-te-°mWv. AXv

t_m[-]q¿hw Bkq - {XWw

sNøs∏´XmWv. D∂-X-amb Hcp t_m[

afi-e-Øn-te-°v Ah Nen-®p sIm≠n-

cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

bmsXmcp IjvSm-\p-`-h-ß-fp-an -

√mØ \nb-a-Øm¬ `cn-°-s∏-Sp∂

as‰mcp ]cn-Wma ]≤Xn \mw a\- n¬

k¶¬]n-°p-I. AhnsS F√m Pohn-

Ifpw Hcp-t]mse kt¥m-jw ]¶n-Sp-

Ibpw IjvSm-\p-`-h-ß-fn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p. Hcp -]t£,

At∏mƒPohn-XsØ _m[n-°p∂

kIe IjvSm-\p- -h-ß-tfbpw hn]m-S\w

sNøm≥ \ap°v Ign-hp-≠m-tb-°pw.

AhnsS F√m-hcpw ka-X-e-Øn-¬ Htc

hnXm-\-Øn¬ kºq¿W-amb ka-Xzm-h-

ÿ-bnep-≈-hcm-bn-cn -°pw. ]t£

Fßs\ Ft∏m-gmWv Cu ]≤Xn

{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ km[n-°pI?

Atlm IjvSw! ]cn -Wm-a -Øns‚

kpZo¿L-amb Cu ]c-º-c-bn¬ CØ-

c-samcp ]≤Xn \mw sIm≠p hcm≥

{ian-®m¬ FÆ-a‰ {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-

Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw. krjvSn-∏ns‚ XpS-

°-Øn¬ Xs∂ CØ-c-samcp \nbaw

sIm≠v htc-≠-Xm-Wv. As√-¶n¬

km[y-a-√. ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw

Hcp L´-Øn¬ kºq¿W kaXzw

sIm≠p hcp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]cn-l-cn-

°m≥ Ign -bmØ sshcp-≤y-ßƒ

krjvSn-°msX AXv \S-∏m-°m≥ km[y-

a-√. AXv \S-∏m-°m≥ Poh≥ DZv -hn®

_nμp-hn-te°v Xs∂ \mw aS-tß≠n

hcpw.

Pohs‚ ]cn-Wma Ncn-{X-Øns‚

]ndtImt´°v \mw t]mIp-Ibpw ]cn-

Wma irwJ-e-bpsS tKmh-Wn- Hmtcm ]S-

hp-Ifpw am‰n ]Wn-bp-Ibpw thWw.

\sΩ-s°m≠v Bhpw-hn[w ]cn-{i-an®v

Pothm-Zv -h-Øns‚ BZysØ ]S-hn¬

\msa-Øp-∂psh∂n-cn-°s´. AhnsS

\n∂v \ap°v HcSn apt∂m v t]mIp-hm≥

km[y-a-√. ImcWw kt¥m-j-Øns‚

ka-Xp-en-X-amb hnX-c-Whpw IjvSm-

\p-`-h-ß-fpsS kºq¿W-amb A`m-

hhpw ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-\p≈ DtØ-P\w

Xo¿Øpw C√m -Xm -°n -bn -c n -°p -w .

AhnsS \ne-\n¬]n-\m-bp≈ AXn-Po-


h\ ka-c-ap-≠m-hn-√. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS

Xnc-s™-Spt∏m A¿l-X-bp-≈-Xns‚

AXn-Po-h-\tam D≠m-hn-√. Pohn-X-

Øns‚ G‰hpw {]mIr-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬

\n∂v ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS BZy Nph-Sp-

t]mepw sh°m≥ km[y-a-√.a\p-jy\v

Adn -bm -hp∂ aq∂v Pohn -I -fpsS

{]mIrX L´-ß-fpsS Nn{X-sa-Sp-°mw.

DZm: \yq¢n-bkv D≈ _mIvSo-cn-b,

\yq¢n-bkv C√mØ _mIvSo -cnb,

ss]tdm _mIvSo-cn-b (Pyro bacteria-A·n-bpsS Du¿P-Øn¬ ]nd-°p-∂

_mIvSo-cnb). Cu km¶¬]nI hyh-

ÿ-bn¬ `£-W-Øn\v th≠ntbm

Pohn-°m≥ th≠ntbm D≈ ka-c-an-√.

ImcWw F√m-h¿°pw Xpey-am-bn- mWv

F√mw hoXn -°-s∏-ń -c n -°p -∂-X v .

B¿°pw Xs∂ IjvSm-\p- -h-ß-fp-an-√.

Poh≥, XpS-°-Øn-ep-f-f B {]mIr-Xm-

h-ÿ-bn¬ Xs∂ Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn

\n∂p t]mIp-Ibpw \n›-e-am-hp-I-bpw

sNøpw. krjvSn ]≤-Xn-bpsS am‰w hcp-

Ønb Cu ]-≤Xn sIm≠p≈ êw

CXm-bn-cn-°pw. a\p-jys‚ krjvSn∏v

BZy-ambn XpS-ßnbsXhn-sS-bmtWm

AhnsS Xs∂ \n¬°pw. hfsc hnZq-

c -amb Hcp kz] v\ -ambn a\p -

jykrjvSn∏v Ah-ti-jn-°pIbpw

sNøpw. AXp-sIm-≠v bYm¿Y tNmZy-

an-XmWv. IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-

\m-hm-ØXpw Pohs‚ D∂-X-amb

Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°v th≠n-bp-≈Xpamb

]ptcmK-a-\m-fl-I-amb ]cn-Wma ]≤Xn

thWtam, AX√ A\n-hm-cy-amb

IjvSm-\p- -h-ßsf b-s∏ v Cu krjvSn

]≤Xn ]q¿W-ambpw Dt]-£n-°-Wtam?

A¥na hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-

∂ Htc-sbmcp tNmZy-an-Xm-Wv. ‘Bbn-Øo-cp-Itbm’ AX√ ‘Bbn-Øo-cm-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm’ GXmWv th≠Xv? {]mIr-X-

amb BZy Pohn-cq-]-Øn\v Nn¥n-°m≥

Hcp akvXnjv°w D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬

hnc-khpw \nc¿Y-I-hp-amb AkvXn-Xz-

Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ ‘Bbn-Øo-cpI’F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ BbnØotc-≠-Xn-√m-

bn-cp-∂p, F∂m-bn-cn°pw B{K-ln-°p-

I.

IjvSm-\p- hw F∂Xv {]Xn-Im-c-Øn-

s‚bpw in£-bp-sSbpw Bi-b-hp-ambn

IqSn _‘-s∏-´-XmWv. hfsc \nb-{¥n-

X-amb A¿Y-Øn¬ arK-tem-IØv {]Xn-

Im -c -Øns‚ Nne an∂-em -´ -ßƒ

ImWmw. Ic-bnepw IS-enepw hmbp-hn-

ep-ap-ff \nc-h[n Pohn-I-fn¬ CXv

ImWm-hp-∂-XmWv. B\bpw t]mØpw

AXns‚ {]Xn-Im-c-hm-©-°v Ip{]-kn≤n

t\Sn-b-h-cm-Wv. {ItaW hnI-kn®p h∂

Pohs‚ Cu khn-ti-jX A\n-hm-cy-

ambpw Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈ Ign-hp-ambn

_‘-ap-≈-XmWv. Fs¥-¶nepw Hcp

{]hrØn sNøpI As√-¶n¬ sNøm-

Xn-cn-°pI F∂Xv kzm`m-h-n-I-amb

t{]cW sImt≠m As√-¶n¬ a\-

ns‚ Nn¥n-®p -d -∏n® Xocp -am\w

sImt≠m Bhmw. arK-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-

Øn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v .F∂ LS-I-

Øns‚ ]¶v F¥mWv F∂p-≈-Xn-s\-

]‰n \ap-°n-t∏mgpw henb \nivN-b-an-

√. ]t£, a\p-jy-\n¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-

\p≈ kzmX{¥yw Ahs‚ Xocp-am-\-sa-

Sp -°m-\p≈ {]{In -b-bn¬ hfsc

\n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶mWv \n¿hln-°p-

∂-Xv. Hcp a\p-jy≥ {]Im-i-Øn-tet°m

Ccp- n-tet°m Poh-\n-tet°m ac-W-Øn-

tet°m GsXm-∂n-te-°mWv t]mtI-≠-

sX∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv an°-hmdpw

t_m[-]q¿h-ap≈ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚

ê-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jys‚

t_m[-]q¿h-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

ê-ambn DNn-X-amb {]Xn-^-etam

]ngtbm e`n-°p-∂p. a‰mcpw Xs∂

AXn¬ Ip‰-°m-c-\√, Abmƒ kzbw

Xs∂-bmWv AXn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn.

Nne-t∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ Xßƒ kzbw

DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmWv F∂ hkvXpX Adn-

bmsX IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ kln-°m-dp-≠v.

At∏mƒ {]Ir-Xn-bnse s]mXp-hmb

{]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚ \nb-a-amWv Ac-tß-

dp -∂-X v . AXn -s\ -bmWv {]Xn -

Imcaq¿Øn(Nemesis)* F∂v hnfn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ah¿ Adnt™m Adn-bm-

sXtbm kºm-Zn-®-XmWv B IjvSm-\p- -

h-ßƒ. Imc-W-sa-¥-∂dn-bmsX Cu

IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßƒ kln-°p-I-bm-Wv.

a\p-jys‚ F√m hogvN-Iƒ°pw {]Xn-

êw in£mcq]-Øn¬ DS≥ Xs∂ e`n-

°-W-sa-∂n-√. AXn-{I-an-Iƒs°-Xnsc

{]IrXn AtKm-N-c-amb coXn-bn¬ Nne-

t∏mƒ AXns‚ \oXn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw F√m {]iv\hpw

Cßs\ a\p-jy≥ sX‰v sNbvXXv

sIm≠v kw -hn-°p-∂-X√. Cu {]iv\w

hf-sc-b-[nIw k¶o¿Whpw hn]p-

ehpw Bi-b-°p-g-∏p-ap-≠m-°p∂Xpam-

Wv. ssk≤m-¥n-I-tam, hkvXp-\n-jvTm-]-

c-tam Bb \nivNn-X- imkv{Xob DZm-l-

c-W-ß-fn-eqsS CXv IqSp-X¬ hni-Zo-I-

cn°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-am-Wv. hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥

hfsc {]bm-k-I-c-amb {]iv\-ß-fp-ap-

≠v. AXm-bXv P∑-Pm-X-ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-

ambn P\n-°p∂ Ipń-I-fpsS {]iv\w.

F¥n-\mWv Ah¿ IjvS-∏m-SpIƒ kln-

°m-\mbn P\n-°p-∂Xv? Aßs\ P\n-

°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS sX‰p sIm≠m-sW∂v

]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√. Fs¥-¶nepw sX‰p-

s≠-¶n¬ Xs∂ AXv Ah-cpsS c£n-

Xm-°≥am-cpsS sX‰p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

F∂mepw B sX‰v Ah¿ Icp-Xn-°qń

sNbvX-Xm-hn-√. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬

‘sX‰v’ F∂Xv AXns‚ hn]p-e-amb

A¿Y-Øn¬ ImtW-≠-Xp-≠v. P∑-PmX

sshI-ey-ßƒ°v Imc-W-amb bmZr-

NvOnI kw`-h-ßƒ hsc B sX‰n¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. AØcw sX‰pIƒ

t_m[-]q¿hap≈ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬

\n∂v hfsc AI-se-bm-Wv. Nne sshI-

ey-ß-fpsS {]tXyI Imc-W-ß-fpsS

kz`mhw F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw Hcp Imcyw

kp\n-›n-X-am-Wv. B sshI-ey-ß-fp-

ambn P\n-°p∂ \njvI-f-¶ inip Hcn-

°epw Xs∂ Xs‚ IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ°v

DØ-c-hm-Zn-b-√.

Cu {]iv\-Øns‚ ]cn-lmcw IpSn-

sIm-≈p-∂Xv F√m IjvSm-\p- -h-ßfpw

in£-bmbn KWn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-

√F∂v \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv.

AXpt]mse F√m kt¥m-jhpw {]Xn-

^-e-hp-ambn IW°m°m\pw ]mSn√

F∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv.

sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w hy‡n-Iƒ

bmsXmcp \oXn-I-c-W-hp-an-√msX IjvS-

ßƒ A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-

∂p. hfsc ASpØv \n∂v AØcw

Imcy-ß-ƒ kkq£vaw \nco-£n-®-m¬

AXn¬ a\x-]q¿hap≈ A\oXn AS-

ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn \ap°v ImWm≥

km[y-a-√. krjvSn-bpsS _rl-Ømb

]≤-Xn-bn¬ AXv Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-ImØ

Hcp Dt]m¬]-∂-w am{X-am-Wv. ]t£,

AØcw sshI-ey-ßƒ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-

Øns‚ s]mXp ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ A¿Y-

h-Ømb ]¶mWv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

Hcp Imcyw \mw {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v. Imcy-Im-cW _‘w Hcp hnj-

b-am-sW-¶n¬ Ip‰hpw in£bpw

XnI®pw as‰mcp hnj-b-am-Wv. AXv

F{X-Xs∂ ]c-kv]c kmay-ap-≈-Xmbn

ImW-s∏-´mepw AXv thdn´p Xs∂

ImW-Ww. Hcp Ip‰w Hcp Imc-W-ambn

h¿Øn-t®-°m-sa∂pw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈

Hcp Ip‰-Øns‚ ê-ambn XpS¿∂v

in£bpw D≠m-hpsa∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv

icn-bm-Wv. ]t£ F√m IjvSm-\p-`-h-

ßfpw aptº sNbvX Hcp Ip‰-Øns‚

ê-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv icn-b-√. F√m


Btcm-Ky-ap≈ inip-°fpw Ah-cpsS

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ sNbvX \√ {]hr-Øn-

bpsS e-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv.

A{]-Imcw A\m-tcm-Ky-ap≈ Hcp inip-

hns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°≥amtcm ]q¿h

]nXm-°≥amtcm Ah¿°v Xncn-®-dn-

bm≥ Ign-bmØ h√ sX‰pw sNbvX-h-

cm-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xpw sX‰m-Wv. Btcm-

Ky-hpw tcmK-hpw Ign-hpw Ign-hp-tI-Spw

`mKyhpw \n¿`m-Kyhpw P∑-PmX Btcm-

Kyhpw P∑-Pm-X-tcm-Khpw AXv kzb-

tah D≠m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]t£, AXn-_r-

l-Ømb krjvSn ]≤-Xn-bpsS Hgn®p

IqSm-\m-hmØ mK-amWv Ah. AØcw

Imcy-ßƒ Hcp ImcWw F∂ \ne-

°p≈ ]¶v hln-°p-∂p. Ah hy‡-

ambpw Ip‰hpw in£bpw \∑bpw

{]Xn-^-ehpw F∂o {]Xn-`m-k-ß-fn¬

\n∂v XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. \mw

apI-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xv t]mse IjvSm-

\p-`-h-ßƒ kpJm-\p-`-h-ßƒ t]mse-

Xs∂ Poh≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-hm\pw AXns‚

]cn-Wma KXn°pw AXy¥m-t]-£n-X-am-

Wv.

IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßƒ \-ΩpsS kz`m-

hsØ cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sNøp∂ alm-\mb Hcp Kpcp-\m-

Y-\m-Wv. AXv \ΩpsS kwth-Z\

ioesØ hf¿Øp-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-s®-

Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \nc-h[n hgn-I-

fn-eqsS AXv \ap°v hn\bw ]Tn-∏n-°p-

Ibpw ssZ-h-Øn-te°v Xncn-bm≥ \sΩ

Ign-hp-‰-hcm°nØo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. AXv At\z-j-W-Øn\pw I≠p-]n-

Sn-Ø-Øn-\p-ap-ff Hu’p-Iy-ap-≠m-°p-

∂p. F√m I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fp-tSbpw

amXm-hmb Bh-iysØ AXv krjvSn-

°p-∂p. Hcp Imc-tWm-]m[n F∂

\ne°v IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßsf ]ptcm-K-an-

°p∂ a\p-jys‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬

\n∂v FSpØp am‰n-bm¬ a\pjys‚

]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS N{Iw Bbn-c-°-W-

°n\v XhW ]nd-tIm´v Xncnbpw. Cu

Bkq-{XW hyhÿ am‰phm≥ a\p-

jy\v {ian-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]t£ Ah

t\Sp-∂-sX√mw \njv -e-am-bn-Øo-cpw.

Aßs\-bm-hp-tºmƒ IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ

D≠m-b-Xns‚ A]-cm[w {kjvSm-hns‚

ta¬ Nm¿Øp∂ {]iv\w DZv -hn-°p-∂n-

√. krjvSn-]-≤-Xn-bpsS Bkq-{X-W-

Øn¬ IjvSm-\p- -h-ßƒ kq£va-ambn

AXns‚ {Inbm-fl-I-amb ]¶v hln-°p-

∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv {]Nv-O-∂-ambn

\n¬°p∂ A\p-{K-l-am-Wv.

thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂pw Akp-J-I-c-amb

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pap-ff tamN-\-Øn-

\mbn \nc-¥-c-amb At\z-j-W-amWv

F√m Kth-j-W-ß-fp-tSbpw I≠p-]n-Sn-

Ø-ß-fp-tSbpw s]mcpƒ. kpJ-m\p- q-Xn-

Iƒ°v-th≠n-bp≈ B{Klw F∂-Xn-

t\-°mƒ thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂p≈ c£

F∂ \ne-°mWv F√m imkv{Xob

Kth-j-W-ß-fp-sSbpw ]n∂n-ep≈

{]tNm-Z-\w. {]bm-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Xmc-

X-tay\ {]bm-k-an-√m-bv-a-bn-te-°p≈

Cu {]h-W-X-bpsS hnkvXmcamWv

kpJm-h-ÿ.

ho≠pw \ap°v \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb

IjvSm-\p- -h-°m-cpsS Imcyw Xs∂ ]cn-

tim-[n-°mw. P∑-PmX sshI-ey-ß-fp-

ambn P\n-°p∂ \h-PmX inip-°tfm

As√-¶n¬ ]n∂oSv ssSt^mUv aqe-tam,

AX√ a‰p sshI-ey-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂

Akp-J-ßƒ aqetam Ah¿°v A‘-

X, _[n-c-X, aqI-X, ]q¿Wtam `mKn-

Itam Bb Xf¿® F∂o tcmK-ßƒ

D≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°mw. P\\ thf-bn¬

tI{μ-\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ°v £Xw kw -hn-

®-Xn-\m¬ ]n∂oSv \ne hj-fm-b-hcpw

am\-kn-I-amb XI-cm-dp-Iƒ kw -hn-®-h-

cp-am-Imw. {]k-‡-amb tNmZy-an-XmW,v

F¥p-sIm≠v Cu {]tXyI inip-hn\v

Cu tcmKw _m[n®p? AXm-bXv At°m

Bt°m tcmKw _m[n-®p. F¥p-sIm≠v

Ct°m Dt°m tcmKw _m[n-®n-√. F¥p-

sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h¿°v _m[n-®n√? F¥p-

sIm≠v E t°m Ft\m kw -hn-®n-√. Cu

tNmZyw ho≠pw ho≠pw Bh¿Øn-

°mw. Imcy-am{X {]k-‡-amb Htc-

sbmcp tNmZy-an-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. F¥p-

sIm≠v as‰m-cmƒ°n√? Cu tNmZy-Øn-

\p≈ DØcw {kjvSm-hn\p hnSpI

am{Xsa \n¿hm-l-ap-≈q. AXm-bXv

F√m inip-°fpw H∂p-In¬ Xpey-ambn

Btcm-Ky-tØmsS P\n-°Ww As√-

¶n¬ -A-\m-tcm-Kyhm-∑m-cmbn P\n-°-

Ww. CXv \sΩ as‰mcp Xn‡

bmYm¿Yy-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p. inip-

hns‚ Btcm-Kyw F∂Xv kmt]-£nI

aqey-ap-ff kwKXn am{X-am-Wv, F∂-

XmWv B bmYm¿Yyw. Hcp ]t£ Htc-

co-Xn-bn¬ X¬k-aamb Btcm-Kyhpw

_p≤n-i-‡n-bp-ap≈, F√m Ah-b-h-

ßßfpw Htc t]mse-bp≈ c≠v inip-

°sf ImWpI {]bm-k-am-bn-cn-°pw.

IjvSm-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-

°m≥ th≠n {kjvSm-hn-s\-Xnsc

as‰mcp {]k-‡-amb tNmZyw Db¿Ø-

s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. Hcp inip s]m -°Æpw

hnIr-X-amb aq°pw AXp-t]m-se-bp≈

a‰p sshIr-X-ß-fp-ambn P\n-°p-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ sshI-ey-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ a‰p

a\p-jy-cp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ

Cu sshI-ey-ß-sf√mw B a\pjy

inip BPoh-\m¥w A\p- -hn-t°≠n

hcnt√ F∂-XmWv B tNmZyw.

Btcm-Ky-Ønepw cq]-Øn-ep-ap-≈

Ak-a-Xz-amWv ]e-tcbpw Atem-k-c-

s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nne¿ a‰p-

≈-h-cp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ

kzbw Is≠-Øp∂ t]mcm-bva-I-fpsS

t]cnepw sh{]mfw sIm≈m-dp-≠v. tIh-

e-\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw \ymb-Øn-s‚bpw

t]cn¬ Btcm -Kyhpw BImc

kuμcyhpw a\p-jy-¿s°√mw Hcp-

t]mse \¬In ssZhw Dd∏v ]men-

t°≠-Xt√? lrZb akvXn-jv°-ß-

fpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ B[m-c-am-°n- AXv

Bfp-Iƒ°v F{]Imcw {]tbm-P-\-I-c-

hpw, \njv{]-tbm-P-\-I-chpw Bbn hcp-

∂p-sh∂v hy‡-am°n-s°m≠v Xmc-X-ay-

Øns‚ taJe hn]p-e-am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv. AXy-[n-I-ambn sshIeyw _m[n®

tIkp-I-fpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ sNdnb

tIkp-Iƒ t]mepw \oXn t_m[-Øn\p

apºn¬ Ip‰-ambn hcpw. Hcmƒ Fhn-sS-

bmtWm \m\m-Xzhpw sshhn-≤yhpw

krjvSn-°m-\m-cw-`n-°p-∂Xv AhnsS

kam-\-cq-]-ßƒ \n¿amWw Ah-km-\n-

∏n-t°≠n hcpw. Fhn-sS-bmtWm \m\m-

Xzhpw sshhn-[yhpw D≠m-hp-∂Xv

AhnsS Xmc-X-tay\ IjvSm-\p- -h-ßfpw

kt¥m-jhpw Bcw- n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hnI-

emw-K-\mb Ipń-tbm-Sp≈ kl-Xm-]-

Øns‚ t]cn¬ krjvSn ]≤-Xnsb

FXn¿°p∂Xv Hcp Imcy-amWv. F∂m¬

krjvSn ]≤Xn IqSp-X¬ \oXn-tbm-

sSbpw kl-Xm-]-tØmSp-Iq-Snbpw

{]mtbm-Kn-I-amb ]-≤-Xn-bmbn am‰n

ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv

as‰mcp Imcy-am-Wv. Hcmƒ°v bpK-ß-

tfmfw ka-b-sa-SpØv sIm≠v Cu

krjvSn-]-≤Xn am‰n-]-Wn-bm≥ {ian-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]t£, B¿°pw Xs∂,

Ct∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn°v

]Icw AXn-s\-°mƒ \s√mcp _Z¬

]≤Xn sIm≠p-h-cm≥ km[y-a-√. as‰m-

c¿Y-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ \mw Cu tNmZyw

ho≠pw Bh¿Øn-°-Ww. AXm-bXv

F¥p-sIm≠v tcmK-]o-Ubpw IjvSm-\p-

`-h-ßfpw D≠m-hp∂p? F¥v sIm≠v

Ah A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p? Cu

tNmZy-Øn\v Hcp DØcw \mw \¬In-

°-gn-™p.-


]≈nbpsS Hu]NmcnI DZvLmS\

I¿aØn¬ \n∂v Ahkm\ \nanjw

kuZn cmPIpamc≥ ]n¥ncn™Xns‚

ImcWwF¥mbncp∂p?]n∂o sScn°

¬, ]nXm hns‚ I¬∏\ {]Imcambn

cp∂p Xm≥ ]n¥ncn™Xv F∂v

kΩXn®n´ps≠¶nepw, kDuZn cmPIp

amcs\ CXn\v t{]cn∏n®sX¥v F∂v

C\nbpw hy‡a√. Dulm t]mlßƒ

i‡ambncp∂p. cmPIpamc≥

Zo¿Lbm{X sNbvXv e≠\n¬ FØn

t®¿∂Xpw k¬ tamkIv DZLmS\w

sNøm≥ th≠n Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ Ahkm\

L´Ønse Cu ]n¥ncnb¬ hm¿Øm

am[yaßƒ°v AZv`pXambncp∂p.

{]mtZinIhpw tZiobhpamb am[ya

ßfn¬ CXv h≥ hm¿Øbmbn.

]{Xßfn¬ {]Xy£s∏´ Nne Xes°

´pIƒ C{]Imcambncp∂p

"Hcp ]≈nbpw Aaodpw', "Hcp ]≈n

bpsS \nKqVX', "Aao¿ ss^kens‚

Ahkm\ \nanjsØ ]n¥ncnb¬'

"a°m \KcØn\v A\ycmbh¿', "e≠

\nse BZysØ ]≈nbpw hn`mKobX

bpw',"Aao¿ ss^k¬:]≈n DZvLm

S\Øn¬ \n∂pw hne°s∏ p'."ss^k

¬ cmPIpamcs‚ clkyw F∂nßs\

bm bncp∂p ]{Xßƒ Cu kw`hsØ

hnebncpØnb hm¿ØIfpsS Xe

s°´pIƒ. cmPIpamc\b® ktμi

Øn¬ ImcWw hy‡am °nbnń

√mØXp sIm≠v, kzm`mhnI ambpw,

]{Xßƒ akvPnZv `mchm lnItfmSv

hniZoIc Wßƒ tXSn. lZvdØv Pn.

F vv amen°v (d), Bbncp∂p akvPnZv

]cn]me\ IΩn‰n sk{I´dn. At±l

Øns‚ A`n{]mb {]Imcw cmPIpam

cs‚ ]nXmhv, apkvenw bmYmÿnXnI

]finX≥amcpsS \n¿_‘w aqew

aIs\ ]n¥ncn∏n°pIbmbncp∂p

F∂mWv. CXn\p ImcWw AlvaZnI

fmWv ]≈n \n¿an®Xv F∂Xv Xs∂.

akvPnZv DZvLmS\NSßns‚ ta¬t\m´

°mc\mbncp∂ lZvdØv F.B¿ Z¿Zv

kmln_v Adnbn®-X v BKkvXv

amkØn¬ Xs∂ £Ww kzoIcn®

cmPmhv C_v\p kDuZv kk t¥mjw

Xs‚ aIs\ Ab°m≥ kΩXn°pI

bp≠mbn. F∂m¬ DZvLm S\ Znhkw,

At±lw Xs∂ NSßn¬ \n∂pw

]n∑mdphm≥ aI\v Iºn ktμiw

Ab°pIbmbncp∂p. Xm\pw, Aao¿

ss^k¬ cmPIpamc≥ t]mepw

CXns‚ ImcWadnbmsX Ccpńembn

cp∂p. X’abw ]e Dulmt]mlß

fpw ]c°pIbp≠mbn. AXnsem∂vv,

DZvLmS\w sNøs∏Sm≥ t]mIp∂

]≈n Hcp bYm¿Y ]≈n A√ F∂Xm

bncp∂p. Z¿Zv kmln_ns‚ A`n{]m

b{]Imcw XnI™ A⁄X bmWv

CXn\p ]n∂n¬. ]≈n DZvLmS\w

sNbvX Jm≥ _lmZq¿ sjbv°v A–p

¬ JmZn¿ kmln_ns‚ hnizmkw,

AlvaZnIƒ AapkvenwIfmWv F∂v

hnizkn® apkvenw bmYmÿnI

]finX∑mcpw, AhcpsS KqV X{¥

ßfpambncn°mw, Cu ]n≥ am‰Øn\v

]n∂n¬ F∂mWv. CuPn]vXnse

ssItdmbn¬ \n∂pw {]kn≤oIcn®n

cp∂ A¬ Flvdmw ]{XØn¬

e≠\nse "tam¿WnwKv t]mkv‰n¬'h∂

hm¿Øsb ASnÿm\am°n ({]kvXp

X hm¿Ø bn¬ ]≈n F√m aX hn`mK

ß ƒ°pw Xpd∂p sImSp°s∏SpwF

∂p≠mbncp∂p) DZvLmS\w sNøs∏

Sm≥ t]mIp∂ ]≈n Hcp "akvPnZv' Bbn

IcpXm≥ ]mSn√ F∂mbncp∂p. as‰mcp

ImcWw, cmPIpamcs‚ Cw•≠v kμ¿

i\Ønse a‰p Nne cmjv{Sob e£y

ßfmbncn°mw F∂XmWv. F∂m¬

HutZymKnI _‘ap≈ hcptSbpw,

Kh¨sa‚ v XeØn¬ \n∂pw h∂

dnt∏m¿´pIfpsS ASnÿm\Ønepw,

CXn\v ]n∂nse cmjv{Sob {]m[m\yw

hfsc Ipd™XmWv. hntZi Imcy

sk{I´dn k¿ Hmkv‰n≥ Nmº¿ sebv

\ns‚ \nc¥camb ktμißfpsS

Npcp°w, cmPIpamcs‚ kμ¿i\w

AkabØmWv F∂pw, Cu Ahkc

Ønep≈ kμ¿i\w, A\utZym

KnItcJIfn¬ \n∂pw A\yambncn

°pw F∂mbncp∂p. CsX√mambn´p

IqSn £Ww kzoIcn® cmPmhv ]n∂oSv

Xocpam\w am‰nbXv, CXn\p ]n∂n¬

cmj{Sob e£ya√ F∂Xn\v

sXfnhmWv. cmPIpamcs‚ Akm∂n

[yw C{X hm¿Øm{][m\yw krjvSn®Xv

kzm`mhnIamWv. ImcWw Aapkvenw

Ifmb AXnYnIƒ t]mepw hfsc

{]m[m\ytØmsSbmWv £Ww kzoIcn

®Xpw NSßn\v FØnt®¿ ∂Xpw. DZm

lcW Øn\v _¿Zvhm\nse almcmPmhv

apJymXnYn Ifn¬s∏´ Hcmfmbncp∂p.

At±lw A`n{]mbs∏´Xv, Xms\mcp

Aapkvenw BsW¶n¬ IqSn Cu Hcp

NSßns‚ AXoh {][m\yw, CXn¬

]s¶Spt°≠Xv A\nhmcy am°nØo

¿Øncn°p∂p F∂mWv. Npcp°Øn¬

F√m P\hn`mKßƒ°pw aX kulm

¿ZØns‚ Hcp ASnØdbmbncp∂p

e≠≥ akvPnZns‚ DZvLmS\w, \n›nX

XmXv]cy°mcmbn Nne apkvenw

bmYmkvXnIscmgn®v.

GXmWv e≠\nse BZysØ ]≈n?e≠≥ akvPnZn\v ""^k¬ tamkvIv''

F∂mbncp∂p A∂sØ Jeo^m

Xncpa\ v \¬Inb t]cvv. 1926 HIvtSm_

¿ 3 \mWv akvPnZn¬ \n∂pw BZyambn

"_m¶v' (\akv°mcØnte°p≈ hnfn)

tIƒ∏n°s∏´Xv. Cu ASpØ Imew

hsc "Cukv‰v e≠≥ tamkvIv' BWv

e≠\nse BZysØ ]≈n F∂mbncp

∂p an°hcpw IcpXnbXv. AXn\p Imc

Ww "e≠≥ tamkvIv ^≠v'(LondonMosque Fund- LMF) F∂ t]cn¬ 1910

e≠≥ akvPnZns‚ Ncn{Xw 2

kDuZn cmPIpamcs‚ ]n∑m‰wBkn v Fw. _mknXv

Fć]Xn‰m≠pIƒ apºv ]m›mXy \mKcnIXbpsS

hf¿ØpsXmńemb e≠≥ ]´WØn¬ ]WnX

BZysØ apkvenw ]≈nbpsS Ncn{Xw

teJ\w


¬ Hcp ^≠v tiJcWw Bcw`n®ncp

∂p. ]n∂oSv Cukv‰v e≠≥ ]≈n°p

th≠n Cu ≠v am‰n hbv°pIbmWp

≠mbXv. Ncn{X]camb At\zjW

ØneqsS am{Xta e≠\n¬ BZysØ

]≈n GXv F∂ tNmZyØn\v DØcw

e`n°pIbp≈p. sI. F®v A≥kmcn

Nq≠n°mWn°p∂Xv t]mse akvPnZv

\n¿amWØn\v th≠n ≠v cq]oIcn

°epw, bYm¿Y Øn¬ akvPnZv \n¿Ωm

Ww ]q¿Ønbm°epw c≠pw c≠mWv.

^k ¬ tamkvIv ]q¿Øn IcWØn

\pw,16 h¿jßƒ°v apºv Xs∂ e≠≥

tamkvIv F∂ t]cn¬ ^≠v kzcq]o

IcWw Bcw`n®p F∂Xn¬ kwib

sam∂p an√ Xs∂. F∂m¬ {]kvXpX

^≠v e£yw ImWmsX ]mXnhgnbn¬

Ahkm\n°pIbmbncp∂p. {]ikvX

\nba⁄≥ kønZv Aao¿ Aen 1908

¬ ]≈n \n¿ΩmWm¿∞w Cd°nb

hn⁄m]\w C{]Imc ambncp∂p. "Hcp

apkvenw {]m¿∞\m tI{μw D≠mbn

cnt°≠Xns‚ {][m\yw a\ nem

°m≥ henb Zo¿L ho£Wtam, cmjv

v{Sob ]cn⁄m\tam Bhiyan√ Xs∂.

{_nójv km{amPyØn\pXs∂ CXv Hcp

apX¬°q´mbncn°pw. e≠\n¬ GsX

¶nepw ]≈n \n¿an°p∂Xns‚ {]m[m

\yambncp∂p hn⁄m]\ Øns‚ D≈

S°w. A√msX Hcp {]tXyI ]≈n

\n¿an°m\p t±in®ncp ∂n√. 1910 ¬ AXv

(e≠≥ tamkvIv ^≠-LMF) F∂v

]p\¿\maIcWw sNøpIbmbncp∂p.

e≠\nse BZysØ ]≈n GXmsW∂v

Adnbm≥ LMFs‚ Ncn{Xw ]cntim[n

®m¬ aXnbmIpw. BJm Jm≥ hmKvZm

\w sNbvX 5000 ]u≠v Hgn®p \n¿Øn

bm¬ ^≠nte°v apkvenw kaql

Øn¬ \n∂pw s]mXpsh XWp Ø {]Xn

I c WamWv e`n®Xv. 1917 ¬ IW

°pIƒ {]Imcw, akvPnZn\p th≠n

e`n® BsI XpI 5000 ]u≠mbn. XpS

° Ønse Bthiw I≠p sIm≠v

t`m∏mense _oKw 7000 ]u≠pw,

t]¿jybnse jm N{Ih¿Øn 1000

]u≠pw \¬IpIbp≠mbn. ]n∂oSp

≠mb_m¬°≥ bp≤hpw, H∂mw tem

I almbp≤hpw a‰p cmj v{Sob kmº

ØnI ImcWßƒ aqehpw akvPnZv

≠v henb am‰an√msX \ne sIm≠p.

apkvenw kaqlw s]mXpth kønZv

Aaodensb {_nójv km{amPyXzØn

s‚ A\pIqenbmbmWv I≠ncp∂Xv.

C¥y≥ kaqlØns‚ Du¿Pkz

eamb Hcp t\Xmhmbn {_nójv

km{amPyXzw Aaodensbbpw I≠p.

AXn\m¬ LMF\v th≠n apkvenwI

fn¬ \n∂p≈ ^≠v ]ncnhv ]cmPb

ambn Iemin®p.

{_nójv Kh¨sa‚nt\mSp Xs∂

klmbw tXSm≥ LMF \n¿_‘nX

cmbn. tem¿Uv slUven C¥ym sk{I

´dnbmbncp∂ k¿ Hmkv‰n≥ Nmº¿se

bv\n∂v Ab® IØn¬, kvt]m¨

k¿jn∏v Bhiys∏Sp∂p≠v. Kh¨

sa‚ v Cu Bhiy sØ ]msS \nckn

°pI bmbn cp∂p. Npcp°n ]d™m¬

1914 h sc _m¶v Hm v Cw•≠n¬ 5206

]u≠v A\°an√m sX ]Ww InS∂p.

1913 G{]n¬ 30˛mw XnbXn tN¿∂

e≠≥ akvPnZ v ^≠ns‚(LMF)FIknIpóhv IΩn‰nbn¬ akvPnZv

\n¿amWØn¬ bmsXmcp ]ptcmK

Xnbpan√mØXns‚ {]iv\w Db¿∂p

h∂p. 1914 P\phcn hsc ^≠n¬

\n∂pw bmsXmcp ]Whpw akvPnZv

BhiyØn\v th≠n D]tbmKn

®ncp∂n√. CXn\p tijamWv IzmPm

Iamep±os‚ Iøn¬ 120 ]u≠v Hcp

hmSI sIńSØn\p th≠n

G¬∏n°p∂Xv. t\mńwKvln√p≈

en≥tk lmfn∂pth≠n CXv Hcp

h¿jtØ°p≈ hmSIbmbncp∂p.

CXv ]n∂oSv s_Uvt^m¿Unte°pw,

AXn\p tijw Imw]vU≥ ln¬

tdmUnte°pw am‰nbncp∂p. ChnsS

h®v sh≈nbmgv® PpapA am{Xam bncn

∂p \SØs∏ńcp∂Xv. a‰p≈ \SØn∏vv

sNehpIƒ Ign®m¬ akvPnZ v

BhyiyØn\v th≠n BsI

sNehm°nbXv Cu 120 ]u≠v am{X

ambn cp∂p. hmSI sIńSw F∂Xv

s{]mPIv‰ns‚ Hcp ]≤Xntb

Bbncp∂n√ . adn®v akvPnZv Bhiy

Øn\p th≠ Hcp hoSv hne°v hmßp∂

^k¬ tamkvIns‚ BZysØ Camw auem\m A_vZp¬ dlow Z¿Zv kmln_v kμ¿iI¿s°m∏w


Xns\ t]mepw 1926 sabv 12 \v tN¿∂

FIvkvIypóhvv Iu¨kn¬ X≈n°

fbpIbmbncp∂p. CXn\p ]d™

ImcWw, ]≤XnbpsS e£yw "akvPnZv

\n¿an°pI' F∂Xp am{XamWv F∂Xm

bncp∂p. CXn¬ \n∂pw a\ nemIp

∂Xv, LMFFIvknIypóhv IΩn‰n bpsS

A`n{]mbw hmSI sIńSw F∂Xv

akvPnZv \n¿amWhpambn XmcyXay

s∏SpØm≥ ]mSn√ F∂XmWv. {]tXy

In®v FSpØp ]dtb≠ Hcp Imcyw,

Cu h¿jw Xs∂bmWv e≠\nse

AlvaZnIfpsS "^k¬ tamkvIv'

Bcm[\°mbn Xpd°s∏´Xv. CXn¬

\ns∂√mw BZysØ ]≈n ^k¬

tamkvIv Xs∂ F∂v \ap°v hy‡am

Ip∂p. k¬ tamkvIns‚ \n¿amWw

bmsXmcp XS ßfpw IqSmsX ]q¿

Ønbmbt∏mƒ Cukv‰ v e≠≥

tamkvIns‚ \n¿amWw ]e ImcWß

fmepw sshIpIbmbncp∂p. ^k¬

tamkvIn\v tijw c≠v Zim–ßƒ°v

tijamWv Cukv‰v e≠≥ tamkvIv

]Wn ]q¿ØnbmIp∂Xv. AXv sIm≠v

e≠\nse BZysØ ]≈n GXv

F∂Xn¬ kwibßƒ°nSbn√. 1926

¬ Imw]vU≥ ln¬tdmUnse hmSI

s°ńSØnembncp∂t∏mƒ hmSI 120

¬ \n∂pw 130 Bbn h¿[\hp≠mbn.

{]kvXpX sNehv Hcp ]mgv sNe

hmbn´mWv A∂sØ LMF FIvkn

Iypóhv IΩn‰n Is≠ØnbXv .

{]m¿Y\s°Øp∂ hnizmkn IfpsS

FÆØn¬ hcp∂ Ipdhpw Iu¨

knens\ {]kvXpX hmSI°cm¿

\n¿Øem°p∂Xn\v t{]cn∏n®p. Hmt´m

am≥ km{amPyØns‚ ]X\Øn\v

tijw, apkvenw cmPm°∑mcpsS {i≤

Cu ImcyØnte°v Xncn°m≥

FIvknIypóhv Iu¨kn¬ sNb

¿am≥ kønZv AaodenbpsS {iahpw

1928 hsc Hcp ehpw I≠n√. 1928 ¬

tem¿Uv slUven {_n´\nte°v

aSßnbt∏mƒ At±lØns‚ Iøn¬

akvPnZv ^≠n\mbn sslZcm_mZv

\nkmw G¬∏n® 60,000 Dw D≠mbn

cp∂p. ]WØns‚ ImcyØn¬ e`n®

G‰hpw henb kvw`mh\ CXmbncp∂p.

]s£ Cu ]Ww e≠≥ tamkv°n∂v

th≠n am{Xambncp∂n√. adn®v "e≠≥

\nkmanb tamkvIv {Skv‰v ≠v ' F∂

t]cn¬ e≠\nse shkv‰v sI≥knwKv

SWn¬ Hcp ÿew hmßp∂Xn\v

th≠n IqSnbpw Cu ^≠v D]tbm

Kn®p. 1937 ¬ \nkmanb tamkvIn\v

Xd°√ns´¶nepw akvPnZns‚ ]Wn

]q¿Ønbmbn√.

1937epw 1938 epw ^¿Iplm¿

kWns‚bpw, C{_mlnw sI¿Pnbp

sSbpw t\XrXzØn¬, akvPn Zn\v th

≠ ]Ww , Kh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂v e`n°m

≥ as‰mcp hnê {iahpw IqSn \S∂p.

C{]mhiyw akvPnZn\v Hcp aX ]cnth

jw \¬Ip∂Xn\v ]Icw, Hcp

kmaqlnI kmwkvImcnI ]cnth

jamWv \¬InbXv. F∂n´pw ^≠v

e`yam°p∂Xn¬ bmsXmcp êhpw

I≠n√. ]n∂oS v PwCuøØp¬

apkveoaq\pw (kPoh cmjv{Sob

Ønendßnb BZy {_nójv apkveow

IfpsS kwLS\) sslZcm_mZv

\nkmans‚ {]Xn\n[n bmb kønZv

lmjnapw tN¿∂v, LMF s‚ Bÿm\w

e≠s‚ tI{μØn¬ \n∂pw Ingt°

A‰Øp≈ \KcØnte°p am‰pIbpw

sNbvXp. CXn\v tijw \o≠ A©p

h¿jw Ign™mWv sImtagvky¬

tdmUnep≈ ÿew hmßphm≥

Ign™Xv. Cukv‰v e≠≥ tamkvIv

F∂v t]cn´ Cu ]≈nbn¬ 1941 sabv

23 \mWv BZyvsØ sh≈nbmgvN

JpXzv_ \S°p∂Xv. 1941 BKkvXv 1

\mWv CXv Hu]NmcnIambn DZvLmS\w

sNøs∏´Xpw. sI.F®v. A≥kmcn

tcJs∏SpØnb t]mse \o≠ 30

h¿jsØ {]h¿Ø\êw! Cu Ncn{X

tcJIfn¬ \ns∂√mw hy‡amIp∂

hkvXpX e≠\nse BZysØ ]≈n

^k¬ tamkvIv Xs∂ BWv

F∂XmWv.

Ckveman\p ]pdØv Ncn{X ]cambn

^k¬ tamkvIv BWv BZysØ ]≈n

F∂Xv \ap°v Xo¿®bmbn. C\n

aX]cambn Db¿∂p hcp∂ tNmZyw

^k¬ tamkvIv Hcp apkvenw ]≈n

Xs∂ BtWm F∂XmWv? Xo¿®

bmbpw AlvaZnIƒ apkvenwIfmWv

F∂Xp Xs∂ CXn\v ImcWw. aX

]finX∑m¿ XßfptSsXmgnsI bp≈

F√m kwLS\Iƒ°pw Ip vdv Xvh

\¬In AapkveowIfm°p∂Xv Hcp

]Xnhv ImgvNbmWv. Cu ^XvhI

ƒs°√mw Bsc¶nepw hne I¬∏n°p

IbmsW¶n¬ temIØmcpw Xs∂

apkvenambn Ahtijn°pItbm, Hcp

]≈nbpw Xs∂, apkvenw ]≈nbmbn

IcpXpItbm sNøpambncp∂n√.

apkvenw Aapkvenw {]iv\Øn\p≈

]cnlmcw {]hmNI¿ (k) Xs∂

\¬Inbn´p≠v. Bcv apkvensa∂p

kzbw tcJ s∏SpØp∂pthm, Abmƒ

apkvensa∂p hnfn°s∏Spw F∂XmWv

as‰mchkcØn¬ Iena sNm√pIbpw,

\akv°cn°pIbpw, t\mºp t\m¬

°pIbpw, k°mØv \¬Ip Ibpw,

l÷v \n¿hln°pIbpw sNøp∂

hsc√mw Xs∂ apkveoamsW∂v Acpƒ

sNøpIbp≠mbn. ta¬ ]d™ Imcy

ßsfemw AlvaZnIƒ XnI™

^k¬ tamkvIns‚ Ct∏mgsØ Nn{Xw


BXvam¿YXtbmsS \n¿hln°p∂

hcmWv (]mInkvXm\n¬ \nba]cambn

in£n°s∏ń´pIqSn) AXv sIm≠v

AlvaZn Iƒ apkvenwIƒ Xs∂.

CtXmsSm∏w Iqń hmbnt°≠ as‰mcp

Imcyw ^k¬ tamkvIv DZvLmS\w

sNbvX sjbv°v A–p¬JmZ¿

Ah¿Iƒ, Hcp {]kn≤ apkvenw

]finX\mbncp∂p. At±lw Hcp

AlvaZn Bbncp∂n√. ssZh \maØ¬

akvPnZv DZvLmS\w sNbvX At±lw,

]m›mXy temIØv Ckvem ans‚

ktμiw {]Ncn∏n°p∂Xn\v Cu

akvPnZn\ v km[n°s´ F∂v

{]Xymibpw {]ISn∏n°pIbp≠mbn.

CtX sjbv°v A–p¬JmZ¿ Xs∂

]n∂oSv LMF{]h¿ØI kanXnbn

te°pw £Wn° s∏SpIbp ≠mbn´p

≠v. 1936¬ LMF {]h¿ØI kanXn

tbmKØn¬ Ct±lw ]s¶SpØXn\v

tcJIƒ km£nbmWv. Ct±lsØ

IqSmsX, apkvenw kaqlØnse

A∂sØ ]e {]apJcpw DZvLmS\

NSßnepw a‰p ]e kμ¿`ßfn

epambn ^k¬ tamkvIn¬ t]mIpI

bpw \akvImca\pjvTn°pIbpw

sNbvXn´p≠v. ]mInkvXm≥ cmjv{S

]nXmhvv, aplΩZen Pn∂ , k¿ ntdmkv

Jm≥ \q¨, k¿ aplΩZv CJv_m¬,

auem\m aplΩZen Pul¿, {]ikvX

]{X {]h¿ØI≥ aplΩZv im^n,

BJmJm≥, F. sI ^kep¬ lJv

F∂nh¿ Chcn¬ NnecmWv. DZvLmS\

I¿aØn¬ \n∂pw hn´p \n∂ kuZn

cPIpamc≥ t]mepw ]n∂osSmchk

cØn¬ akvPnZv kμ¿in°pIbp

≠mbn. Cu ]≈nbn¬ sh®mWv

aplΩZen Pn∂, C¥y≥ cmjv{SobØn

te°p≈ Xs‚ Xncn®p hchv {]Jym]n

®Xv. k¬ tamkvIn¬ XSn®v IqSnb

h≥ P\kaqlsØbpw, hnZym¿Yn

kaqltØbpw A`nkwt_m[\

sNbvXp sIm≠mbncp∂p CXv ,

C¥ybpsS `cWLS\m ]cnjvI

cWØn\p th≠n, {_nójv Kh¨

sa‚ v ]pds∏Sphn® "[hf ]{X' sØ

°pdn®v hfsc hniZambn Pn∂m

kmln_v {]kwKn®p. C¥y≥ cjv{Sob

Ønte°p≈ Pn∂bpsS Xncn®v hchv

{]Jym]n®Xv ChnsS sh®mbncp∂p.

apkveowIƒ A∂sØ C¥y≥ apkv

enw P\kaqlØns‚ t\Xmhmbn´mWv

Pn∂sb I≠Xv. AlvaZnIƒ apkvenI

fmWv F∂p Xs∂bmbncp∂p Pn∂

bpsS Xo¿∏v.

^k¬ tamkvIv: C∂vDZvLmS\ Znhkw sXm´p Xs∂

^k¬ tamkvIv kPohambncp∂p.

A©v t\c \akvImchpw Pam

AØmbn ChnsS \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂p.

1984 ¬ AlvaZnøm PamAØns‚

tI{μw e≠\nte°p am‰nbXn\v

tijw, c≠p Jeoâm¿ ChnsS

tI{μam°n {]h¿Øn®p (AlvaZnøm

PamAØns‚ \memw Jeo^ lZvdØv

ao¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (dlv),

Ct∏mgsØ Jeo^ lZvdØv ao¿km

akvdq¿ AlvaZv (AøZlp.. ) e≠\nse

Ncn{X {]kn≤amb tI{μØn¬

\nesIm≈p∂ e≠\nse BZysØ

]≈n {K ≥lmƒ tdmUnse 18 F∂

hnemkØn¬ e≠≥ \Kc hmknI

ƒ°v kam[m\Ønt‚bpw klh¿Øn

XzØnt‚bpw ktμiw \¬In sIm≠v

^k¬ tamkvIv Xe Db¿Øn

\n¬°p∂p. C∂tØ°mƒ ]≈n

\n¿amWØn∂v XS ßtdbp≈

ImeØmWv k¬ tamkvIv \n¿an®

sX∂m¿°Ww. Cu AhkcØn¬

Cukv‰v e≠≥ tamkvIns‚ Ncn{Xw

kvacn°p∂Xv IuXpIIcamWv. [\m

Vycpw, {]amWn Ifpambncp∂ t`m]m

¬ _oKw, t]¿jybnse jmN{Ih¿

Øn, BJm Jm≥ XpSßnbhcpsS h

º≥ kw`mh\Ifp≠mbn´pt]mepw

akvPnZv ]≤Xn ]q¿Ønbm°m≥

Ign™n√. adn®v C¥ybnse ]mhs∏´

AlvaZn h\nXIfpsS [\XymKamWv.

A√mlphns‚ ASp°¬ kzoIm

cyambXv. B kzoImcyX°p≈ G‰

hpw {]ISamb sXfnhmWv, {K ≥

lmƒ tdmUn¬ Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂

^k¬ tamkvIv.

(hnh¿Ø\w: hn.]n. _io¿,

tImgnt°mSv)

Cßs\ ZpB sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

A√m-lpth! Rm\n-hsc kvt\ln-°p-

∂p. \obpw Chsc kvt\ln-°p-I. Ipń-

Isf Hcn-°epw in£n-®n-cp -∂n-√.

Ft∏mgpw kvt\lhpw ZpB-bpw-

sIm≠v in£Ww \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

lZvdØv A_p-lq-ssdd (d) \nth-Z\w

sNøp-∂p. Ft∏m-sg√mw Fs¥-¶nepw

BZyw-]gw FØn-bm¬ ]g-Øns‚

_¿°-Øn-\mbn ZpB sNøp-∂p.

]n∂oSv B ]gw kZ- n-ep≈ G‰hpw

sNdnb Ipń°v \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ipń-I-tfm-sSm∏w Ifn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-]-‰n-

bp≈ cnhm-b-Øp-Ifpw lZo-kn¬ \n∂v

e`n-°p-∂p. A[nIw amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw

kz¥w Ipń-Isf kvt\ln-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ Nne¿ Ipń-Isf AIm-c-W-

ambn in£n°p-∂p. Ipd-®p-Zn-h-k-

ßƒ°v apºv Rms\mcp bphm-hns\

I≠p. Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Rms\-t∏mgpw

`b-s∏- p-sIm≠v Ign-bp-∂p. Un{]-j≥

tcmKn-bmWv, am\-knI tcmK-nbm-bn-

Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. ImcWw Fs‚

]nXmhv Fs∂ Ft∏mgpw ASn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn -°p-∂p. Abm-tfmSv Btcm

tNmZn®p, F¥n-\mWv Cßs\ AIm-c-

W-ambn ASn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ ]d-bp-

∂p. Ipń-I-fn¬ `b-ap-≠m-°m≥ CXv

AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. CXmWv Nne amXm-

]n-Xm-°-fpsS Ah-ÿ.

Ab¬hm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ k¬s]-cp-

am-‰-Øns\ kw_-‘n®v Jp¿-B-\n¬

I¬]-\-bp-s≠-¶n¬ AXns‚ D∂-X-am-

XrIbpw \_n (k) \ne-\m- n. ho≠pw

ho≠pw X∂n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hsc D]-

tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ \_n

(k) k∂nlnX-\m-bn-cp∂p. ]d™p.

A√m-lp-hmsW kXyw, Ah≥ Hcn-

°epw hnizm-kn-b-√, Ah≥ Hcn-°epw

hnizm-kn-b-√, Ah≥ Hcn-°epw hnizm-

kn-b-√. klm_n°ƒ tNmZn-®p. A√m-

lp-hns‚ ZqX-sc, BcmWv hnizm-kn-b-

√m-Ø-Xv? ]d-™p. BcpsS D]-{Z-h-

Øn¬ \n∂pw tami-amb s]cp-am-‰-

Øn¬ \n∂pw Ab¬hmkn- kpc-£n-

X-\-√m-tbm Ah≥ hnizmknb√.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ Nne Imcy-ß-sf-°p-

dn-®mWv Rm≥ ]cm-a¿in-®-Xv. _‘p-°-

tfm-Sp≈ k¬s]-cp-am-‰-sØ-°p-dn-®m-

sW-¶nepw, ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-

Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-em-sW-¶nepw, As√-

¶n¬ I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-t°≠ Imcy-Øn-

em-sW-¶nepw, As√-¶n¬ A\y-cpsS

ÿnXn-Iƒ Npgn-™-t\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn¬

\n∂v c£-s∏-tS≠ Imcy-Øn-em-sW-

¶nepw, kZv m-h-\-bpsS Imcy-Øn-em-sW-

¶nepw, As√-¶n¬ GXv D∂X [m¿ΩnI

KpW-am-sW-¶nepw \_n (k) bpsS

amXr-Ibpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw \ap°v

F√mbn-SØpw e`n-°p-∂p.

(hnh¿Ø\w: Sn. Fw. A_vZp¬

apPo_v, Im°\mSv)

JpXzv_ (t]Pv 13) XpS¿®


Ckvemw aXÿm]I\mb dkq¬

(k)Xncpta\n ZnhwKX\mIptºmƒ

AhnSpsØ {]mbw 63 hb mbncp∂p.

\m¬∏XmasØ hb n¬ {]hmNI

\mbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´ AhnSpsØ

PohnXw kw]q¿Wambpw ssZhnI

ZuXy t{]jWØn\mWv ka¿∏n°

s∏´Xv. Zcn{Zmhÿbn¬ Hc\mY

_me\mbn P\n® dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k) k¿hm[nImcßfmepw hn`qjnX

\mb cmPmhmbn´mbncp∂p Znhw

KX\mbXv. ]t£ AhnSp∂v bmsXmcp

kºØpw A\¥c kzØmbn Ahti

jn∏ncp∂n√. PohnXØnsemcn°epw

AhnSp∂v hb¿ \ndsb Blmcw

Ign®ncp∂n√. Hcp kμ¿`Øn¬

t]mepw hneIqSnb hkv{Xßƒ [cn

®ncp∂n√. AhnSpsØ hkXn ssZh

Øns‚ Bcm[\mebambncp∂p.

Nfn°´ sIm≠v \n¿an® B sN‰°p

Snense sNfnsIm≠p sagpInb Xd

bmbncp∂p AhnSpsØ cmP[m\nbpw

knwlmk\hpw. AhnSpsØ iø

ssht°m¬ sIm≠p≠m°nbXmbn

cp∂p. XebnWbmIs´ Xs‚ Xs∂

ssIsh≈bpw. {]hmNI KrlØnse

ASp°fbn¬ \n∂pw amkßtfmfw

]pI Db¿∂n√. ImcWw AhnsS

bmsXm∂pw ]mNIw sNøm\p≠m

Ipambncp∂n√. B ]cnip≤ IpSpw_w

A¬∏w Imc°bpw Bń≥ ]mepw

sIm≠v Pohn®p t]m∂p. AXpw C√m

Øt∏mƒ apgp∏ńWnbpw. AhnSpsØ

]Xv\nam¿°v ho´p the°mcn√m

bncp∂p. G‰hpw hneIpd™Xmbncp

∂p Ah¿ [cn® hkv{Xßƒ. tkh

Itcm, ]´pw ]≠ßtfm Ah¿°n√m

bncp∂p. AhcpsS hkv{Xßƒ Ahcp

sS ]cnanX hn`hØn\\pkrX amw

hn[w hfsc efnXambncp∂p. {]hmN

I≥ Hcn°epw kz¿Wtam sh≈ntbm

kq£n®ncp∂n√. X\n°v e`n®sX√mw

]mhßƒ°v At±lw Zm\w \¬In.

AhnSp∂v ZnhwKX\mIptºmƒ Ipd®v

_m¿en [m\yw HgnsI At±lØns‚

hoń¬ as‰m∂pw D≠mbncp∂n√.

{]hmNI≥ a≤y\nebn¬ Dbcap

≈bmfmbncp∂p. AhnSptØXv Dd®

icochpw kpμcamb hZ\hpw Db¿∂

hoXntbdnb s\‰nØShpambncp∂p.

HgpIn Xmtg°v \o≠p\n¬°p∂ apSn

bpw \o≠ aq°pw AXoh Im¥nbp≈

IdpØ IÆpIfpw \o≠ I¨]pcnI

ßfpambncp∂p At±lØnt‚Xv.

\SØØn¬ thKXbpw kwkmc

Øn¬ kmhImihpambncp∂p {]hmN

I\p≠mbncp∂Xv. Hcmsf I≠m¬

Abmsf BZyw A`nkwt_m[\

sNøp∂Xv AhnSp∂mbncn°pw.

kvt\lnX∑mtcbpw A]cnNnXtcbpw

sNdp ]p©ncntbmsSbmWv At±lw

kzoIcn°pI. A\ysc £am]q¿hw

tIƒ°pw. Bsc¶nepw klmbØn

\mbn kao]n®m¬ Hcn°epw apJw

Xncn°mdn√mbncp∂p. Bsc¶nepw

lkvXZm\w sNbvXm¬ BZyw ssI

]n≥hen°p∂bmƒ AhnSp∂mbn

cn°n√. AhnSpsØ kz`mhw hfsc

efnXhpw s]cpam‰w AXoh lrZyhpam

bncp∂p. kZmkabhpw am∏v \¬Im≥

k∂≤ambncp∂p At±lw. in£n

°p∂Xv am∏p sImSp°p∂Xnt\°mƒ

\√XmsW∂v Is≠¶n¬ am{Xta

At±lw in£n°ms\mcpßmdp≈q.

s]mdpØpsImSp°m≥ th≠nbmbncp

∂p At±lw kZmkabhpw \nesIm

≠ncp∂Xv. AhnSpsØ Nn¥bpw

hm°pw {]h¿Ønbpw ssZhØn\p

th≠nbp≈Xmbncp∂p. CX√msX

PohnXØn¬ At±lØn∂v a‰p

bmsXmcp e£yhpw C√mbncp∂p.

ssZhØns‚ Xr]vXn am{Xta At±lw

Imw£n®p≈q. lpssZ_nbmbn¬

kam[m\°cmdn¬ {]hmNI≥ H∏v

sh®Xv ssZh{]oXn°v th≠nbmbn

cp∂p. Icmdnse hyhÿIƒ At±l

Øns‚ Nne A\pNc∑m¿°v Akl

\obhpw ITn\hpambncp∂n´pIqSn

ssZhØn\p th≠n At±lw AXn¬

Dd®p\n∂p. a°bnte°v ]Xn\mbn

kIe PohnX kμ¿`ßfnepw [m¿anIXbpsS ]ca

amXrIbmbncp∂p dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k). ImcpWy

kmKcambncp∂ AhnSpsØ AXpeyamb A≤ymXvanI

Im¥nbmbncp∂p P\lrZbßsf IogS°nbXv.

dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k)xAXpey PohnXw F. Pn. kq^n

teJ\w


ctØmfw A\pNc∑mtcmsSm∏w

hnPb{ioemfnX\mbn At±lw h∂p.

apºv a° AhnSptØmSv hfsc

{Iqcambn´mbncp∂p s]cpamdnbXv.

Ahkm\w a°m ]´Ww dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)bpsS ap∂n¬ IogSßn.

a°°m¿ At±ltØmSv IcpW°v

th≠n bmNn®p. ImcpWy kmKcambn

cp∂ AhnSp∂v a°°v am∏v \¬Im≥

Ft∂m k∂≤\mbncp∂p. ssZh

Øns‚ AòjvShpw AXmbncp∂p.

a°°m¿ Xs‚ A\pNc∑mcn¬ Nnesc

AXnòIcambn t`Zyw sNbvXXv Ahn

SptØ°v \√Xvt]mse Adnbmam

bncp∂p. B{^n°°mc\mb _nem¬

Ahcnsemcmfmbncp∂p. _nemen(d)

t\mSv {Iqcambn´mbncp∂p a°°m¿

s]cpamdnbXv. ⁄m\nbmb {]hmN

I≥ B _nemen (d) s\bmbncp∂p

Ckvemans‚ kam[m\Øns‚ ]XmI

hln°m≥ sXcs™SpØXv.

A_qPlens‚ ]p{X\mb CIvcna

Ckvemans‚ ITn\ i{Xphmbncp∂p.

At±lw a°bn¬ \n∂pw c£s∏´v

A_nko\nbmbnte°v bm{XsNøm

\p≈ X{X∏mSnembncp∂p. CIvcna

bpsS `mcybmIs´ a\ psIm≠v

apkvenambncp∂p. Ah¿ {]hmNI

t\mSv tNmZn®p: "A√tbm dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k) CIvcna°v Aßv am∏v

sImSp°nt√? AsX F∂v AhnSp∂v

{]XnhNn®p. XpS¿∂v Ah¿ tNmZn®p

Aapkvenambns°m≠v a°bn¬

Pohn°m≥ At±lw B{Kln°p∂p.

Xm¶ƒ AX\phZn°nt√? AsX,

At±lØn\v AXn\v A\phmZap

≠mbncn°pw. A\¥cw Ah¿ Xs‚

`¿Ømhn∂SptØ°v HmSnt∏mbn.

{]hmNI≥ Xs∂ ]‰n ]d™sX√mw

Xs‚ mcybn¬ \n∂pw {Kln® CIvcna

AsX√mw {]hmNI\n¬ \n∂p Xs∂

tIƒ°Wsa∂v B{Kln®p. Aßs\

At±lw {]hmNI khn[w ]qIn.

CIvcna {]hmNt\mSv ]d™p. F\n°v

t]mepw Xm¶ƒ am∏cpfnbXmbn Fs‚

`mcybn¬ \n∂pw Rm≥ {Kln®p. AsX

CIvcna AhnSp∂v samgn™p. Xs‚

ta¬ap≠v CIvcna°v apIfn¬ ]nSn®p

sIm≠v {]hmNI≥ ]d™p: "GsXm

cph≥ apkvenambns°m≠v \ΩpsS

ASp°¬ hcp∂pthm Abmƒ

Ft∂msSm∏ambncn°pw Fs‚ hoSv

AbmfpsSXmbncn°pw. {]hmNI ]p{Xn

ssk\_ns‚ acWØn\v ImcWamb

l∫m¿ Cdm\nte°v ]emb\w

sNøpIbmbncp∂p. ]t£ Abmƒ

Xncn®p h∂v dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)tbmSv

am∏p tNmZn°pIbp≠mbn. At±l

Øn\pw AhnSp∂v am∏v \¬In. {]hmN

Is‚ {]nb¶c\mb AΩmhs\ h[n®

Xn\p tijw AwKhntOZw \SØnb

A_qkp^vbms‚ `mcy lnμn\pw

hlvin F∂ ASna°pw AhnSp∂v am∏v

\¬In. ssi_, lhmkn\n¬ sh®v

{]hmNI\pambn bp≤w sNbvX

hy‡nbmbncp∂p. apgpØ hntZzj

hpambn At±lw ]S°fØn¬ ]Shm

fpambn apt∂dpIbmbncp∂q. Abmƒ

°v Hcp Nn¥ am{Xta D≠mbncp∂p≈q.

{]hmNIs\ h[n°Ww! B ssi_

bmWv Ct∏mƒ {]hmNIs\ kao]n°p

∂Xv Abmƒ Hcp i_vZw tI´p: "Hm

ssi_m hcq, AcnsI hcq.. . . . . .

]hmNIs‚ XncpsamgnIƒ tI´t∏mƒ

At±lw AX\pkcn®p. {]hmNI≥

AhnSpsØ Xr°cßƒ ssi_bpsS

s\©n¬ sh®p. ssi_ At∏mtg°pw

Hcp ]pXnb a\pjy\mbn amdnbncp∂p.

ssi_°v At∏mƒ Htcsbmcp

Nn¥tb D≠mbncp∂p≈q Xs‚

Poh≥ {]hmNI∂v ka¿∏n°Wsa∂v.

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)bpsS hntbm

KØn\v GXm\pw Znhkßƒ°v apºv

AhnSp∂v Xs‚ A\pNctcmSmbn

]d™p:"Rm≥ BtcmsS¶nepw

Fs¥¶nepw sX‰v sNbvsX¶n¬

Ah¿°v Ft∂mSv {]XnImcw tNmZn

°mw.' {]hmNIs‚ Cu hN\w

tI´t∏mƒ F√mhcpw IÆo¿s]mgn®p.

B kμ¿`Øn¬ Hcp a\pjy≥ apt∂m v

h∂p Abmƒ ]d™p: "Hcn°¬

{]hmNI≥ Fs∂ apńbn´p≠v.

{]hmNI≥ IS∂pt]mbt∏mƒ

AhnSpsØ ssIap´v Fs‚ icocØn

s‚ Hcp hiØv apńbn´p≠v'. F√mh

cpw \n»_vZcmbn. {]hmNI≥ Xs‚

]pdsØ icoc`mKsØ hkv{Xw \o°n.

Rm≥ Xm¶sf F{]Imcw thZ\n∏n®p

thm A{]Imcw Xm¶ƒ°v Fs∂ thZ\n

∏n°mw. B A\pNc≥ {]hmNIs‚

t\sc Ip\n™p. hnhkv{Xam°nb

{]hmNIs‚ B icoc `mKØv B

A\pNc≥ apØanSpIbmbncp∂p.

F√mhcpw AXv`pX]cX{¥cmbn.

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k) Xs‚ A\pN

c∑m¿ °nSbn¬ Zo¿LImeap≠mIn√

F∂v Ah¿°dnbmambncp∂p. AXn

\m¬ Xncpta\n(k)sb AKm[ambn

kvt\ln®ncp∂ B A\pNc≥ {]hmN

Is‚ ]qta\nbn¬ apØanSm\p≈

Xs‚ A`nemjw Cßs\ km≤yam°p

Ibmbncp∂p.

hm°pIfnepw Nn¥Ifnepw s]cp

am‰Ønepw hkv{X[mcWØnepw

icocØnepw, hońepw ]≈nbnepw

sXcphnepw AhnSp∂v ipNnXzw

CjvSs∏´p. At±lw `£WØn\v

apºpw tijhpw ssIIgpIn hrØn

bm°pambncp∂p. {]m¿Y\°v apºpw

icocmwKßƒ ipNnbm°pambncp∂p.

{]hmNI≥ F√mh¿°pw kpJIc

amb Hcp km∂n≤yambncp∂p. i{Xp

hpw an{Xhpw Hcpt]mse At±lØns‚

ImcpWyw A\p`hn®p. A\pNc∑m¿ ,

_‘p°ƒ, Ab¬]°°m¿, A]cn

NnX¿, XpSßn F√mhtcbpw ]cnK

Wn®v sIm≠v AhnSp∂v lrZyambn

s]cpamdn. Xs‚ AXnYnIfpsS Imcy

ßƒ AhnSp∂v t\cn´v Xs∂ t\m°n.

]mhßfpsS Bhiyßƒ hogv®

IqSmsX \ndth‰ns°mSpØp. Hcn°¬

{]mIrXcmb Hcp Ad_n tKm{XØns‚

Xeh≥ dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)sb kμ¿

in®p. AhnsS henb Hcp Iq´w BSp

Iƒ tabp∂p≠mbncp∂p. B tKm{X

Øeh≥ Bń¬ Iq´sØ A√mlp

hns‚ ZqXs‚ Hcp kΩm\sa∂ \ne°v

X\n°v Xcptam F∂v BcmbpIbp

≠mbn. At±lØn\v AXv \¬Is∏´p.

At±lw Xs‚ tKm{XØn¬ Bń≥ ]‰

hpamsbØn AhtcmSv ]d™p: aplΩ

Zn\v Xs‚ ssZhØn¬ ZrV t_m≤y

ap≠v. At±lw Zmcn{ZysØ°pdn®v

Xosc bs∏Sp∂n√. {]hmNI≥ Xs‚

hm°pIƒ {]mh¿ØnIam°pIbpw

IcmdpIƒ \ndth‰pIbpw sNbvXp.

ssJ_¿ bp≤Øn\v tijw PqX

{]amWnbpsS BSns\ tabv®p

sIm≠ncp∂ Hcp CSb _me≥

Ckvemw aXw kzoIcn°pIbp≠mbn.

F\n°v Fs‚ P\Xbnte°v Xncn®p

t]mIm≥ km≤ya√. Fs‚ bPam\s‚

Bń≥ ]‰ßfpambn Rm≥ F¥p

sNøm\mWv? {]hmNI≥ ]d™p: \o

Bń≥ ]‰sØ ssJ_dns‚ t\sc

Xncn®phnSpI. Ah AhcpsS bPam\

s‚bSpØv FØnt®cp∂XmWv.

AhnSpsØ i{Xp°ƒt∏mepw

D∂Xamb At±lØns‚ [¿a\njvT

sb°pdn®v kwkmcn°mdp≠mbncp∂p.

ss_km‚nb≥ N{Ih¿Ønbmbncp∂

ln¿°en∂v dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)bpsS

IØv e`n®t∏mƒ \KcØn¬ h√

Ad_v bm{X kwLhpw Dt≠m F∂v

At±lw Bcm™p. a°≥ t\Xmhm


bncp∂ A_q kp^nbm≥ At∏mƒ

\KcØn¬ D≠mbncp∂p. At±lsØ

N{Ih¿Øn sIm´mcØn ¬ hnfn∏n®p.

N{Ih¿Øn Nne tNmZyßƒ At±l

tØmSv tNmZn°pIbp≠mbn. B

kw`mjW iIew C{]Imcambncp∂p.

ln¿°¬ N{Ih¿Øn: Hcp {]hmNI

\msW∂v hmZn°p∂ Cu hy‡nsb

°pdn®v Xm¶ƒ Adnbp tam? Abmƒ

GXv IpSpw_Øn¬ s]´bmfmWv.?

A_q kp^nbm≥: At±lw hfsc

Ipeo\amb Hcp IpSpw_Øn¬

]nd∂bmfmWv.

ln: N{Ih¿Øn: GsX¶nepw Ad_n

CXn\v apºv CØcw hmZw ]pds∏

Sphn®n´pt≠m?

A: kp^nbm≥: C√.

ln: N{Ih¿Øn: At±lØns‚ ]q¿h

]nXm°fn¬ Bsc¶nepw cmPm°∑m¿

D≠mbncpt∂m?

A: kp^nbm≥: C√

ln: N{Ih¿Øn : At±lØns‚

A\pbmbnIƒ kº∂cpw i‡∑mcp

amtWm?

A: kp^nbm≥: Ahcn¬ pcn]£hpw

Zcn{Zcpw FfnbhcpamWv.

ln: N{Ih¿Øn: AhcpsS FÆw

IqSpIbmtWm IpdbpIbmtWm?

A: kp^nbm≥: IqSpIbmWv.

ln: N{Ih¿Øn: At±lw Ft∏msg

¶nepw Icm¿ ewLn®n´pt≠m?

A: kp^nbm≥: C√ CtXhsc C√.

ln: N{Ih¿Øn: At±lw F¥mWv

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv?

A: kp^nbm≥: "\mw GI\mb

ssZhsØ am{Xta Bcm[n°m≥

]mSp≈p. Ah\v ]¶mfnIsf

tN¿°m≥ ]mSn√. \mw kXyta ]dbm≥

]mSp≈q. Xn∑bpw ZpcmNmcßfpw

Dt]£n°pIbpw a‰p≈h¿°v \∑

sNøpIbpw thWw. Icm¿ hmKvZm\

ßfpw IcmdpIfpw ]men°Ww.'

Ahkm\w ln¿°¬ N{Ih¿Øn

]d™p:

Rm≥ Xm¶tfmS v BZyw

At±lØns‚ IpSp_sØ Ipdn®v

tNmZn®p. Xm¶ƒ ]d™p, At±lw

D∂X IpePmX\mb Hcp IpSpw_

Øn¬ \n∂pw hcp∂bmfmsW∂v.

{]hmNI∑m¿ Ft∏gpw D∂XIpe

Øn¬ \n∂pw hcp∂hcmWv. ]n∂oSv

Rm≥ tNmZn®Xv, At±lØn\v apºv

Bsc¶nepw CØcw hmZw ]pds∏Sp

hn®n´pt≠m? F∂mWv?. Xm¶ƒ

]d™p."C√'

Rm≥ Cu tNmZyw tNmZn°m≥

ImcWw Bsc¶nepw AØcØn¬

hmZn®n´ps≠¶n¬ B ]mX At±lw

]n¥pScp∂XmImw. At±lw Ft∏msg

¶nepw Ifhv ]dbpIbp ≠mbn´pt≠m?

F∂v Rm≥ BcmbpIbp≠mbn.

Xm¶ƒ ]d™p: "Hcn°epan√' F∂v.

a\pjyt\mSv Ifhv ]dbmØh≥

ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬ Ifhv ]dbn√

F∂v F\n°pd∏mWv. Xm¶tfmSv

tNmZn®p At±lØns‚ ]q¿h

] n X m ° ∑ m c n e m c n s e ¶ n e p w

cmPm°∑m¿ D≠mbncpt∂m F∂v.

Xm¶ƒ ]d™p."C√'

CXn¬ \n∂pw Rm≥ a\ n

em°nbXv ]q¿hnIamb Fs¥¶nepw

km{amPyw hos≠Sp°m\p≈ {iaa√

At±lw \SØp∂sX∂mWv. Rm≥

]n∂oSv tNmZn®Xv At±lØns‚

A\pbmbnIƒ kº∂cpw i‡cp

amtWm F∂mbncp∂p. Xm¶ƒ ]d™p

Ahcn¬ an°t]cpw ]mhßfpw

Ffnb hcpamsW∂.v {]hmNI∑mcpsS

A\pbmbnIƒ an°t∏mgpw Aßs\

Xs∂bmWv. Rm≥ ]n∂oSv tNmZn®Xv

At±lØns‚ A\pbmbnIƒ IqSpI

bmtWm IpdbpIbmtWm sNøp∂Xv?

Xm¶ƒ ]d™p: "Ah¿ h¿≤n°pI

bmsW∂v'. {]hmNI∑mcpsS A\p

bmbn Iƒ Ft∏mgpw h¿≤n°pIbmWv

sNøpI. Rm≥ tNmZn®p At±lw

Ft∏msg¶nepw Ifhv ]d™ncp

∂pthm? F∂v. X¶ƒ ]d™p: "C√'

F∂v. CXmWv k®cnXcpsS am¿Kw.

At±lw Hcp kXy{]hmNI\msW

∂mWv CsX√mw ImWn°p∂Xv. \ΩpsS

Cu Ime L´Øn¬ Xs∂bmWt±lw

AhXcn °p∂sX∂v Rm\pw ]mXn

{]Xo£n®ncp∂p. ]t£ At±lw Hcd

_nbmbncn°psa∂v Rm≥ \n\®ncp

∂n√. Xm¶ƒ ]d™Xv icnbmsW¶n¬

At±lØns‚ km{amPyw Cu cmPy

Øpw hnIkn°pw.

{]hmNI≥ ssZhsØam{XamWv

`bs∏ńcp∂Xv. Ah\n¬ am{XamWv

AhnSp∂v hnizmka¿∏n®Xv. Ahn

SpsØ ZuXyØn¬ At±lØn\v

]p¿W hnizmkambncp∂p. AXns‚

kwºq¿W hnPbØn¬ Bthiw

sIm≠p. AhnSsØ PohnXØns‚

Hmtcm \nanjhpw Hmtcm aWn°qdpw

Hmtcm Znhkhpw ssZhsØbmWv

AhnSp∂v a\ n¬ [ym\n®Xv. \n∂pw

\S∂pw InS∂pw At±lw Ahs\

Bcm[n®p. Ddßm≥ InS°p∂Xn\v

apºpw, \S°ptºmgpw `£Ww

Ign°p∂Xn∂v apºpw ]nºpw hońepw

]≈nbnepw {]thin°ptºmgpw hoń¬

\n∂ndßptºmgpw, kvt\lnX∑msc

I≠p ap´ptºmgpw, th¿]ncnbptºmgpw,

kZvhm¿ØIƒ tIƒ°ptºmgpw ]pXp

hkv{Xßƒ [cn°ptºmgpw {]IrXn

bpsS hnfn°v DØcw \¬Im≥ t]mIp

tºmgpw AXv Ign™Xn\v tijhpw

Npcp°Øn¬ PohnXØns‚ kakvX

kμ¿`ßfnepw {]tXyIambpw ÿnc

ambpw kpZo¿Lambn At±lw {]m¿

Yn®p. AhnSp∂v ssZhtØmSv {]m¿

Yn®p. Nnet∏mƒ cm{Xn apgph≥

At±lw {]m¿Y\bn¬apgpIn.

hmkvXhØn¬ At±lØns‚ PohnXw

apgph≥ ssZhtØmSp≈ {]m¿Y\

bmbncp∂p. {]hmNI≥ A√mlp

hns\b√msX as‰mcmtfbpw bs∏ n√.

lhmkn¬ bp≤°fØn¬ apkvenw

ssk\yw NnXdntbmSn. {]hmNI≥

Xs‚ GXm\pw A\pNc∑mtcm∏w

bp≤°fØn¬ \nebpd∏n®p. i{Xp

°ƒ CcphiØv \n∂pw AºpIƒ

FbvXpsIm≠ncp∂p. A_q_°dn

t\mSv Xs‚ tImh¿IgpXsb am{Xw

hnSphm≥ {]hmNI≥ \n¿tZin®p.

IpXnap≈Sn®p sIm≠v B arKsØ

{]hmNI≥ apt∂m´v \bn®p. F∂n´p

]d™p: "Rm≥ {]hmNI\mWv. Rm≥

I≈\√. Rm≥ A–p¬ apØen

_ns‚ aI\mWv.

Hcn°¬ aZo\bn¬ apkvenwIƒ

hºn® Hcm{IaWØns‚ oXnbnembn

cp∂p. cm{Xn apgph≥ Ah¿ Dd

s°mgn®p ImØncp∂p. Hcn°¬

ap∂dnbn∏p \¬Ip∂ A]mb shfn®w

{]Xy£s∏´p. Hcp kw Lw BfpIƒ

B shfn®Øns‚ ImcWw At\zjn

°m≥ AhnsS FØn. s]s´∂v Xs∂

Hcmƒ IpXnc∏pdØv hcp∂Xmbn

°≠p. AXv {]hmNI\mbncp∂p.

AhnSp∂v ]d™p: "t]Sn°ms\m∂p

an√' A]mbØns‚ kqN\ e n®t∏mƒ

B Znibnte°v DS≥ Xs∂ H‰°v

IpXnc∏pdØv BZyw FØnbXv dkq¬

Xncp ta\nbmbncp∂p. ]mhßtfmSv

hfsc lrZbmephmbncp∂p dkqep≈.

kº∂tcbpw At±lw ]cnKWn°mXn

cp∂n√. ]t£ AhcpsS kºØn¬

]mhßƒ°v AhcpsSXmb ]¶p

s≠∂v Ft∏mgpw Ahsc Hm¿a

s∏SpØns°m≠ncp∂p. ]W°m¿

]W°mcmbncn°p∂Xv ]mhßƒ

ImcWamsW∂pw AhnSp∂v Hm¿a


s∏SpØmdp≠mbncp∂p. At±lØn∂v

e`n® kz¿Wtam sh≈ntbm bmsXm

∂pw Xs∂ AhnSp∂v hońte°v

sIm≠p t]mIpambncp∂n√. Bsc

¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw AhnSptØ°v

\¬IpIbmsW¶n¬ At±lw DS≥

Xs∂ AXv ]mhßƒ°v hnXcWw

sNøpambncp∂p. Hcn°¬ Hcp tKm{X

P\X aZo\bnseØn. Ah¿ hfsc

Zcn{Zcmbncp∂p. ]ńWnbpsS ImTn\y

Øm¬ AhcpsS apJw Icphmfn

®ncp∂p. ssZ\yXbpw Zmcn{Zyhpw Ah

cpsS apJßfn¬ {]ISambncp∂p.

AhnSp∂v B P\Xsb I≠t∏mƒ

AXy[nIw ZpxJnX\mbn. AhnSp∂v

apkvenw Isfsb√mw ]≈nbn¬

hnfn®p Iqń. ssIbnep≈sX√mw

sIm≠p hcphm≥ I¬∏n®p. hkv{X

ßƒ, [m\yßƒ, CuØ∏gw apXemb

F¥p Xs∂bmbmepw Iønep≈

sX√mw sIm≠p hcphm≥ ]d™p.

XpWnØ cßƒ IcpXnh® [m\yßƒ

Aßs\ ]e hkvXp°fpw sIm≠p

h∂p. AXnsemcp A\pNc≥ henb

Hcp `mfiØn¬ \ndsb kz¿W

\mWbßƒ sIm≠ph∂p. AhnSsØ

apºn¬ AsX√mw Iqńbn´p. AhnSp

sØ apJw N{μs\t]mse kt¥mjw

sIm≠v shńØnfßn. B Iqºmc

ßsf√mw ]mhßƒ°v At±lw Hcp

Xcn t]mepw tijn°mØ hn[w

hnXcWw sNbvXp.

]ckv]cw kvt\ln°m≥ AhnSp

∂v apkvenwItfmS v Ft∏mgpw

D]tZin®p sIm≠ncp∂p. At±lw

]d™p: "GsXmcph\pw Xm≥ CjvS

s∏Sp∂Xv Xs‚ ktlmZc\v th≠nbpw

CjvSs∏SWw.'

CXmbncp∂p C°mcyØnep≈

At±lØns‚ Hcp \n¿t±iw.

kq£n°pI Hcp apkvenw as‰mcp

apkvenapambn bp≤w sNøpI F∂Xv

Ip^vdmWv. (kXy\ntj[w). Ahs\

NoØhnfn°¬ ]m]amWv. aq∂v

ZnhkØne[nIw Hcp apkvenw as‰mcp

ap kvenant\mSv an≠mXncn°p∂Xv

A\phZ\oba√. Hcp apkvenw as‰mcp

apkvenans\ I≠m¬ kemw sNm√n

lkvXZm\w sNøWsa∂pw Hcp

apkvenw as‰mcp apkvenan\v D]lmc

ßƒ \¬IWsa∂pw `£WØn\v

£Wn°Wsa∂pw tcmKnbmbm¬

kμ¿in°Wsa∂pw acn®m¬ arX

tZl kwkvIcWØn¬ klIcn°

Wsa∂pw dkq¬ Xncpta\n(A) D]tZ

in°pIbp≠bn. am{Xa√ a\pjy

hwiØns‚ t{ib n\v th≠n Xs‚

i{Xphnt\mSv t]mepw \oXntbmSv IqSn

s]cpamdWw. Xs‚ G‰hpaSpØ

_‘phns\Xncmbm¬ t]mepw kXyw

]dbWw, kaqlØn¬ im¥n ]c

ØWw, ]mhßfpsS ]ńWn AI‰Ww.

]ckyambn \nbaw ewLn°p∂

hs\mgnsI AhnSp∂v Hcn°epw B

tcmSpw ITn\ambn s]cpamdnbncp∂n√.

]mhßtfmSpw Zcn{ZtcmSpw AhnSpsØ

lrZbw Ft∏mgpw IcpWm¿{Zambn

cp∂p. Hcp £maImeØv C_mZp_v\p

im¿Pn¬ F∂bmƒ HcmfpsS tXm´

Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp ]gw ]dn®p. tXm´

apSa Abmsf ]nSnIqSn a¿Zn®p.

Ahs\ hnhkv{X\m°n. Ah¿

Ccphcpw {]hmNI\p apºn¬ lmP

cm°s∏´p.At±lw tXm´°mct\mSv

]d™p: Cu a\pjy≥ Adnhn√mØ

h\mWv. Xm¶ƒ At±lØn\v \√

s]cpam‰w ]Tn∏n°Ww. At±lw

hfsc hni∂n´p≠v. Xm¶ƒ At±l

Øns‚ hni∏S°Ww. AXn\v tijw

tXmápSa AbmfpsS hkv{Xw Xncn®p

\¬IpIbpw \jvS]cnlmcambn

Abmƒ°v Hcfhv [m\yw \¬IpIbpw

sNbvXp. F∂m¬ ]W°mcmb Ip‰

hmfnItfmSv AhnSp∂v Hcn°epw

hn´vhogv® Imńbncp∂n√. Hcn°¬

[\nIcpw i‡cpamb Hcp tKm{X

Ønse Hcp kv{Xo tamjWw \SØn.

\nba {]Imcw Ahsc in£n°m≥

AhnSp∂v Xocpam\n®p. D∂XIpe

PmXbpw kº∂bpamb Ahsc

hn´b°Wsa∂ ]ecpw {]hmNIt\mSv

A`y¿Yn®p. AhnSp∂v tIm]mIpe

\mbn {]XnIcn®Xv C{]Imcambp∂p:

CkvdtbenIƒ \in∏n°s∏Sm≥

ImcWw Ah¿°nSbnse ]mhßƒ

Ip‰w sNbvXm¬ Ah¿ in£n°

s∏SpIbpw [\nI¿ Ip‰w sNbvXm¬

Ahsc shdpsX hnSpIbpw sNøp∂Xv

aqeambncp∂p.

\nXyhrØn°mbn A≤zm\n®v

Pohn°p∂hs\ dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)

henb tXmXn¬ ]cnKWn®ncp∂p.

Hcmƒ Xs‚ A`nam\w kwc£n°m≥

hndIv ]pdØv Npa∂v sIm≠v AßmSn

bn¬ sIm≠v t]mbn hn‰v D]Poh\w

\SØp∂XmWv bmN\tb°mƒ

DØaw. {]hmNI≥ Hcn°epw Xm≥

a‰p≈ht\°mƒ D∂X\msW∂v

kzbw mhn®ncp∂n√. bp≤ kabØp

kam[m\ ImeØpw AhnSp∂v Hcp

km[mcW°mcs\ t]msetbm Ahcn

semcmsf t]msetbm {]h¿Øn®p.

At±lØn\v Ccn°m≥ {]tXyI

Ccn∏nSw Hcp°nbncp∂n√. Ahcn

semcmsf t]msebmbncp∂p AhnSp∂v

Ah¿°nSbn¬ Ccp∂ncp∂Xv. Xs‚

A\pbmbnIƒ°nSbn¬ dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k) Ccn°ptºmƒ Hcn°epw

Hcp A]cnNnX\v At±lsØ Xncn®

dnbm≥ km[n°pambncp∂n√. Ah¿

°nSbnse t\Xmhns\ Xncn®dnbm≥

IgnbmØhn[w Ah¿°nSbn¬ km[m

cW°mc\mbn AhnSp∂v s]cpamdn.

Hcn°¬ Hcp bm{Xbn¬ AhnSpsØ

A\pNc∑m¿°nSbn¬ Hmtcm {]h¿

ØnIƒ hoXn°s∏´p. {]hmNI\v

e`n® tPmen ]mNIØn\v th≠n hndIv

tiJcn°pI F∂Xmbncp∂p. A\pN

cam¿ At±lsØsIm≠v B {]h¿Øn

sNøm≥ A\phZn®n√. Ah¿ ]d™p

B {]h¿Ønsb√mw Rßƒ sNømw

Aßv hn{ian°q. AhnSp∂v {]Xnh

Nn®p: Rm≥ Hcn°epw Hcp {]tXyI

]cnKW\ CjvSs∏Sp∂n√. Xt∂msSm∏

ap≈hsc°mƒ henbh\msW∂v

IcpXp∂bmsf ssZhw CjvSs∏Sn√.

_Z¿bp≤ thfbn¬ apkvenwIfpsS

bp≤kma{KnIƒ Xptemw ]cnanX

ambncp∂p. aq∂pt]¿ Dugw sh®m

bncp∂p HÍ∏pdØv k©cn®ncp∂Xv.

XßfpsS F√mamb dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k) HÍ∏pdØv khmcn sNøW

sa∂pw Rßƒ \S°msa∂pw A\pNc

∑m¿ \n¿_‘n®p. {]hmNI≥ ]d™p:

"\nßƒ°v Fs∂°mƒ thKØn¬

\S°m≥ km≤ya√. A√mlphns‚

]°¬\n∂pw \nßtf°mƒ {]Xn ew

In´m≥ sImXn°p∂bmfmWv Rm≥'

AhnSp∂v ho´p tPmenIfn¬ mcy

amsc klmbn°pambncp∂p. Bbni

(d) ]dbp∂p: Krl tPmenIfn¬ Ahn

Sp∂v ]s¶Sp°pambncp∂p. Iodnb

hkv{Xßƒ At±lw Xs∂ kz¥w

ssI sIm≠v Xp∂pIbpw \new

ASn®phmcn hrØnbm°pIbpw

sNøpambncp∂p. BSns‚ ]m¬

Id°pIbpw AßmSnbn¬ \n∂pw

km[\ßƒ hmßn hcnIbpw sNcp∏v

Xp∂pIbpw, sXmń \∂m°pIbpw

HÍsØ ]cn]men°pIbpw AXn\v

Xo‰Ipg°pIbpw sNøpambncp∂p.

aZo\bnse GsXmcp ASna kv{Xo°pw

At±lsØ klmbØn∂mbn hnfn

°mambncp∂p. G‰hpw Xmsg°nS

bnep≈h¿ hnfn®mepw Gt∏mgpw


Abmsf klmbn°m≥ At±lw kZm

k∂≤\mbncp∂p. dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k)sb sNdp∏w apX¬t° Adnbp

ambncp∂ lnμv C_v\plme ]dbp∂p:

AhnSp∂v hfsc arZpe NnØ\m

bncp∂p. Hcn°epw ITn\ambn

s]cpamdnbncp∂n√. AhnS∂v Btcbpw

A]am\n ®n√. sNdnb D]ImcØn\v

t]mepw hfsctbsd \μn {]ISn∏n°p

ambncp∂p. At±lØns‚ apºnep≈

sXt¥m AXn¬ \n∂pw At±lw

`£n°pambncp∂p. H∂nt\°pdn®pw

Ip‰w ]dbn√. kXyØns\Xnsc

\ns∂¶n¬ am{Xta BtcmSpw Ahn

Sp∂v tZjys∏ńcp∂p≈p. Xs‚ hy‡n

]camb ImcyØn\v Hcn°epw Btcm

Spw tZzjys∏ńcp∂n√. AhnSp∂v

Hcn°epw BtcmSpw {]XnImcw sNbv

Xncp∂n√.

Bbni (d) ]dbp∂p: "{]hmNI≥

Bsc°pdn®pw tZmjw ]dbpambncp

∂n√. AhnSp∂v Xn∑s°Xnsc

Hcn°epw Xn∑ sNbvXncp∂n√.

AhnS∂v Ft∏mgpw am∏pw hn´p

hog v®bpw \¬In. GsX¶nepw

Xnscs™Spt°≠ kμ¿`w h∂m¬

AXv Xn∑bs√¶n¬ AhnS∂v G‰hpw

Ffp∏ap≈Xv sXcs™Sp°pambn

cp∂p. AXv ]m]amsW¶n¬ a‰msc

°mfpw AXpambn ZqcØn¬ h¿Øn

°p∂Xv AhnSp∂mbncn°pw. hy‡n

]camb ImcyØn\v At±lw BtcmSpw

{]XnImc hm© ImWn®ncp∂n√.

Bsc¶nepw \nbaw ewLn®m¬

ssZhØns‚ \nba Øn\\pkcn®v

At±lw hn[nI¬∏n °pambncp∂p.

Hcp apkvenant\bpw At±lw

i]n®nń√. AhnS∂v Hcn°epw X s∂

Hcp ASna ]pcp jt\tbm kv{Xotbtbm

At±lØns‚ tkhIt\tbm tkhnI

tbtbm F¥n\[nIw Hcp arKsØ

t]mepw ASn®nń√. A\pNnXamb

A`y¿Y\sbmgnsI BcpsS A`y¿

Y\bpw At±lw \ncmIcn®nń√.

hoń¬ Ft∏mgpw ]p©ncn°p∂

apJhpambn ´mbncn°pw At±lw

{]thin®ncp∂Xv. A\pNccpsS IqsS

Ccn°ptºmƒ Ah¿°v t\sc

Hcn°epw Im¬ \oń sh°p ambn

cp∂n√. hfsc kmhImiØnembn

cp∂p AhnSp∂v kwkmcn®ncp∂Xv.

B¿s°¶nepw AXv Hm¿abn¬ kq£n

®psh°Wsa¶n¬ Ah¿°v A{]

Imcw sNømambncp∂p.

Aen (d) dkq¬ Xncpta\nsb

°pdn®v ]dbp∂p: "AhnSp∂v kZm

kpkvtachZ\\pw arZpe NnØ\p

ambncp∂p. IcpWm¿{Z\mbncp∂

AhnSp∂v k¶pNnXa\kv°t\m ITn\

lrZb t\m Bbncp∂n√. Hcn°epw

A´lkn®ncp∂n√. ITn\ ]Zwt]mepw

D®cn®ncp∂n√. BcpsS {]h¿Øn

Ifnepw Ip‰ sam∂pw I≠ncp∂n√.

Bscs°m≠pw ITn\ambn tPmen

sNøn®ncp∂n√. At±lØn\v CjvS

s∏SmØ ImcyamsW¶n¬ kuay

]q¿hw Xs‚ hn{]Xn]Øn {]ISn∏n

°pambncp∂p. AhnSpsØ \√Xv

t]mse Adnbp∂h¿°v At±lØns‚

\n»_vZX F¥msW∂ dnbpambcp∂p.

AhnSp∂v aq∂v Imcyßƒ kzbw

CjvSs∏ńcp∂n√. A\mhiyamb

hmZka¿∞\w, hrYm h¿Øam\w,

At±lsØ kw_‘n°mØ Imcy

ßfnep≈ Xm¬]cyw. a‰p≈hcpsS

ImcyØn¬ AhnSp∂v aq∂v Imcyßƒ

CjvSs∏ńcp∂n√. A\ysc°pdn®v

Hcn°epw Ip‰w ]d™ncp∂n√.

A\ycpsS kzImcy Xbnte°v Npgn

™pt\m°nbncp∂n√. D]Imc {]Zamb

Imcyßƒ AhnSp∂v kwkmcn°p

ambncp∂p. A\pNc∑mtcmSv At±lw

kwkmcn°p tºmƒ Ah¿ \n»_vZX

]men®ncp∂p. Hcp ]£n h∂v

\n∂mse∂t]mse AhcpsS inc p

Isf√mw Ip\n™ncp∂p. At±lw

\n»_vZ\mbm¬ am{Xta Ah¿

kwkmcn®ncp∂p≈q. Bsc¶nepw

At±ltØmSv kwkmcn°ptºmƒ

Abmƒ kwkmcn®p Xocp∂Xv hsc

AXv {i≤m]p¿hw tIƒ°pambncp∂p.

BfpIƒFs¥¶nepw tI v Nncn°pI

bmsW¶n¬ AtZlw AhcpsS IqsS

]p©ncn°pambncp∂p. ]pdØv \n∂v

Bsc¶nepw ITn\ambn kwkmcn°p

IbmsW¶n¬ AhnSp∂v £atbmsS

AXv tIƒ°pambncp∂p. Xs∂

kvXpXn®p ]dbp∂Xv Hcn°epw

At±lw CjvSs∏ńcp∂n√. ]t£

Bsc¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw D]Imcw

sNbvXXns‚ t]cn¬ At±lØn\v

\μn ]ds™¶n¬ AXv lm¿±ambn

kzoIcn°pambncp∂p. Bsc¶nepw

kwkmcn°ptºmƒ At±lw Hcn°epw

CS°v Ibdn CSs]Smdn√mbncp∂p.

At±lw Akmam\yamw hn[w hnime

lrZb\mbncp∂p. G‰hpw kXyk‘

\pambncp∂p. Atßb‰w IcpWbp≈

h\pw G‰hpw \√ kvt\lnX\p

ambncp∂p.

{]hmNI\v [mcmfw IpńIfp

≠mbncp∂p, ^mØnasbmsIbp≈

hsc√mw sNdp{]mbØn¬ Xs∂ acn®p

t]mbn. AhnSpsØ aqØaIƒ

ssk\_v lnPd F´mw h¿jØn¬

acn®p. Ah¿ A_p¬ Bkv _n≥

dm_nsb hnhmlw Ign®p. acn°p

tºmƒ Ah¿°v Hcp BÏp nbpw Hcp

s]¨ Ipńbpap≠mbncp∂p. {]hmN

I≥ AXnc‰v B t]c°pńIsf

kvt\ln®p. ^mØna (d)bpsS

acWØn\v tijw Aen(d)bmWv

Ahsc hnhmlw Ign®Xv. dp°nø,

DΩpIp¬kqw F∂o c≠v s]¨

IpńIsf DYvam≥ (d) Bbncp∂p

hnhmlw Ign®Xv. Hcmƒ acWs]´Xn\v

tijamWv as‰mcmsf hnhmlw

Ign®Xv. ^mØna Aensb lnPvd

c≠mw h¿jØnemWv hnhmlw

Ign®Xv. dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)bp sS

h^mØn\v tijw Bdv amkw

Ign™Xn\v tijamWv ^mØna

ZnhwKXbmhp∂Xv. l ≥, lpssk≥

F∂o c≠v ]p{X∑mcpw ssk\_v,

DΩpIp¬kqw F∂o c≠v ]p{Xnamcp

ambncp∂p Ah¿°p≠mbncp∂Xv.

{]hmNI≥ Xs‚ IpSpw_mw

KßtfmSv hfsc BZchmbvt]m

sSbmWv s]cpamdnbncp∂Xv. AhnSp∂v

Hcn°epw Xs‚ BZy ]Xv\n JZoPsb

ad∂ncp∂n√. Ahcmbncp∂p {]hmN

Is\ kzoIcn® BZyhy‡nbpw.

AhnSp∂v kvt\lap≈ ]nXmhpw

kvt\lap≈ `¿Ømhpambncp∂p.

F√m‰n∂pap]cnbmbn At±lw

A√mlphns‚ tkhI\pambncp∂p.

F√m kvt\lhpw Ah\p th≠nbmbn

cp∂p. Ahs‚ {]oXn Imw£n®p

sIm≠pambncp∂p. AhnSpsØ

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sSm∏w B ]mX BXvam¿Yambn

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JmVw_cßsf√mw Ah¿ XyPn®p.

{]hmNIs‚ PohnXØnse F√m

{]bmkßfnepw Ah¿ ]¶p sIm≠p.

AhnSp∂v Cu temItØmSv hnS]dbp

tºmƒ Atd_y apgph≥ {]hmNI\v

Iognembncp∂p. AhnSpsØ IpSpw_

Øn\v th≠n kz¿Wtam, kztØm

]Wtam H∂pw Xs∂ _m°n

sh®ncp∂n√.

temIØn\v At±lw \¬InbXv

a\pjy PohnXsØ {IaoIcn°p∂

ssZhØn¬ \n∂pap≈ AXnal

Ømb c≠v kΩm\ßfmWv. hnip≤


Jp¿B\pw At±lØns‚ Xs∂

hN\ßfpw. AhnSp∂v a\pjy\v

kXyk¥X hnizkvXX, BXva

\ncmkw, IcpW, \oXn, kvt\l

kº∂amb Ab¬ ]°w, im¥n,

ssZhhnizmkw, ITn\m≤zm\w

apXemb aqeyßƒ temIØn\v

]Tn∏n®p. a\pjys\ AXyp∂Xamb

ÿm\tØ°v At±lw Db¿Øn.

AhnSp∂v ]d™p: "Rm≥ \nßsf

t∏msebp≈ Hcp a\pjy≥ am{XamW.v

Ad_nIƒ h\y kz`mhnIfpw

bp≤{]nbcpambncp∂p. Ah¿ AanX

ambn aZy]m\w sNbvXp. sIm≈bSn®p,

BfpIsf A\ymb ambn a¿Zn®p.

F√m hn[ \nμyamb hgnIfneqsSbpw

k©cn®p. B Ad_nIsf At±lw

ssZh`‡cpsSbpw kmXznIcpsSbpw

c‡km£nIfpsSbpw P\Xbm°n

am‰n. hn[hIsf klmbn°p∂hcpw

A\mYIsf kwc£n°p∂hcpw

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BZysØ ssZhhnfnbpb¿Ønt∏mƒ

Ah¿ At±lØns\Xnsc Nodnb

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temN\ \SØn. hnZqcamb aZo\

bnte°v B ntbmSn®p. ]t£ A√mlp

hnhnhnhnhnip≤Jp¿B≥ \n›bn®n´pff

CØcw a[yh¿ØnIsf hnizkn°p

∂Xp sIm≠v F¥p krjvSn]qPbmWv

D≠mIp∂sX∂pw A√mlphns‚

alnamhnemkØn\v F¥p tImámWv

kw`hn°m\pffsX∂pw Aev]w IÆp

Xpd∂p t\mt°≠XmWv. {]IrXn\nba

Øns‚ Hmtcm GSnepw FgpXs∏´

Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbp∂ ssZh⁄m\

Øns‚ clkyßfptSbpw AXnkq

£vaamb bp‡n⁄m\ßfptSbpw

ImcyßfmWnXv. Cu hyhÿnXn

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]cn]q¿Wamb i‡n{]`mhw ÿm]nX

amIpIbn√. Ahs‚ ssZhXzw

\S°pIbpan√. Hmtcm IWhpw

amemJbmbns°m≠v Ahs‚ A\p

kcWØn¬ h¿Øn°mØnStØmfw

Cu F√mhyhkmbimeIfpw Ah

s‚ CjvSa\pkcn®v Fßs\ \S

°m\mWv? Bsc¶nepw \aps°m∂p

a\ nem°nØcs´. Bflobamb

ae°pIfpsS Bflobamb hyhÿn

Xnbm¬ A√mlphns‚ {]Xm]]camb

alnamhnemkØn\v Fs¥¶nepw

tIm´w X´psa∂msW¶n¬, F¥p

ImcWØmemWv Cu ae°pIfp

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hnizkn°p∂XpsIm≠v˛AXmsW

¶n¬ Bflobamb hyhÿnXn

t]mseXs∂ \ndapƒs°mffp∂Xpw

cq]apffXpamWv˛ A√mlphns‚

]cn]q¿Wamb i‡n{]`mhØn\v

tIm´w X´mXncn°p∂Xv? kXyw

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\ΩpsS FXncmfnIƒ A‘XbpsS

ISp∏wsIm≠v AØcw ASnÿm\

clnXamb Bt£]ßƒ D∂bn°p

IbmWv. CXns‚ bYm¿Y ASnØd

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A\ymbamb ImcWßfm¬, XßfpsS

Dƒ°mgvNbn√mbva sIm≠v at\mlc

amsbmcp kXysØ \njv{]tbmP

\amb cq]Øn¬ a\ nem°nbncn°p

IbmWv.

ImWp∂p Ah¿ \yq\X, Imcyw

t{ijvTamsW¶nepw s]mńt∏mIp

amdmIs´ Xn∑ B{Kln°p∂h≥ X≥

IÆpIƒ

H∂pIqSn Hm¿ant°≠Xmbn´p≠v.

CkvemanI icoAØv A\pkcn®v

{]tXyI°mcmb ae°pIfpsS ]Zhn

{]tXyI°mcmb a\pjysc°mƒ

IqSpXe√. F∂√, {]tXyI°mcmb

a\pjy¿ {]tXyI°mcmb ae°pI

sf°mƒ t{ijvTcmWv. ùXnIamb

hyhÿnXnbn¬ As√¶n¬ Bflob

amb hyhÿnXnbn¬ Ahsc

a[yh¿ØnIfmbn \n›bn®n´p

ffXpsIm≠v AXv AhcpsS

t{ijvTXbmIp∂n√. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂X\pkcn®v t\m°ptºmƒ

Ahsc tkhIsc∂ \nebn¬ B

tPmenbn¬ G¿s∏SpØnbncn°p

IbmWv. A√mlp ]dbp∂p: hkJvJd e°pap»wk h¬Ja¿ (14:34)kqcyt\bpw N{μt\bpw \nßfpsS

tkh\Øn\mbn G¿s∏SpØnbn´p

ffh\mWv A√mlp. DZmlcWØn\v

Hcp in]mbn cmPmhns‚ IØv

At±lØns‚ kwÿm\ Kh¿W¿°p

FØn®p sImSp°p∂p. At∏mƒ

cmPmhn\pw Kh¿W¿°panSbn¬

\nev°p∂ in]mbn Kh¿W¿

P\dens\°mƒ Db¿∂h\msW∂v

hcptam? \√hÆw a\ nem°n

s°mffphn≥! ùXnIhyhÿn

ae°pIƒ a[yh¿ØnIƒlZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv(A)

Xukosl admw 5

(Dt±iy{]IS\w)

At±lØn∂v ta¬ AXyp∂Xamb

A\p{Klßƒ sNmcnbpIbmbncp∂p.

ZnhwKX\mIp∂Xn\v apºv Ah≥

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)sb Xs∂

a¿±n®hcpw _lnjv°cn ®hcpsa√m

aSßp∂ Atd_ybpsS cmPmhm°n .

a\pjyhwiØns‚ Xs∂ hntamNI

\pw amXrIm ]pcpj\pam°n. A√mlp

At±lsØ AXyp∂X ÿm\tØ°p

b¿Øn. tImSm\ptImSn kemapw

kzemØpw A√mlp dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k)bn¬ h¿jn°pamdmIs´. Bao≥

hnh¿Ø\w: G.Fw

teJ\w


Xnbnepw BflobhyhÿnXnbnepw

k¿hi‡\mb A√mlphns‚

Xocpam\ßsf qanbnseØn°pIbpw

AXv \S∏n¬hcpØphm≥ apgpIpI

bpw sNøp∂ B a[yh¿Øn IfpsS

DZmlcWw AXpXs∂bmWv. BImi

ßfnepw `qanbnepw krjvSn°

s∏ń´pff F√m hkvXp°fpw

a\pjys‚ KpWØn\mbn´mWv

krjvSn°s∏ń´pffsX∂v {]Xm]

hm\mb A√mlphns‚ {KŸ Øn¬

\nch[n ÿeßfn¬ hy‡am bpw

]d™n´p≠v. a\pjy≥ Ahs‚

]Zhnbn¬ G‰hpw D∂X\pw Db¿∂

h\pw F√mhcptSbpw tkh\pamWv.

Ahs‚ tkh\Øn\mbn´mWv F√m

hkvXp°tfbpw G¿s∏SpØnbn´p

ffXv. A√mlp ]dbp∂p:

h kJvJd eIpap»wk h¬JadZmC_bv\n h kJvJd eIpap√bveh∂lm¿ h BXm°pΩn≥Ip√n amkA¬Xpaqlp hC≥ XAv±q\nAvaØp√mln em Xplvkzqlm (14:34,35) lph√Zo JeJ eIpΩm^n¬A¿ZnPaoB(2:30)

\nßƒ°pth≠n kqcyt\bpw

N{μt\bpw tkh\Øn\mbn G¿s∏Sp

ØnØ∂ncn°p∂p. Ah Ft∏mgpw

Np‰n°dßp∂p. AXmbXv Ah

AhbpsS AhÿItfbpw {]tXyI

XItfbpw ]cnKWn®v Hcp Ahÿ

bn¬ \nesImffp∂n√. DZmlcW

Øn\v hk¥Imeßfnepff kqcys‚

{]tXyIX tla¥ amkßfn¬

Hcn°epw D≠mIpIbn√. Cu

\nebn¬ kqcy\pw N{μ\pw Ft∏mgpw

Np‰n°dßns°m≠ncn°p∂p. AXns‚

Xncn®n¬sIm≠v Nnet∏mƒ hk¥

Imew hcp∂p;. Nnet∏mƒ tla¥

Imew. Nnet∏mƒ {]tXyIXcw

{]tXyIXƒ Ahbn¬\n∂v {]ISam

Ip∂p. Nnet∏mƒ AXn\p hncp≤amb

{]tXyIXIfpw {]ISamIp∂p. XpS¿∂p

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\nßƒ°p G¿s∏SpØnØ∂ncn°p

∂p. F√m Hmtcm hkvXp°fn¬\n∂pw

\nßfpsS {]IrXn Aht\mSp

Bhiys∏´ kIe km[\ kma{Kn

Ifpw \nßƒ°p \evInbncn°p∂p.

AXmbXv \nßƒ°p Bhiyap≠m

bncp∂ F√mhkvXp°fpw \evIn.

A√mlphns‚ A\p{Klßsf \nßƒ

FÆnØn´s∏SpØm≥ t\m°nbm¬

Hcn°epw AXp km[n°pIbn√.

`qanbnepffsX√mw \nßfpsS

KpWØn\mbn krjvSn®n´pff AtX

A√mlphmWv Ah≥. as‰mcp

hN\Øn¬ ]dbp∂p: eJZvJeJv\¬C≥km\ ô Alvk\nXJvhow (95:5) \mw a\pjys\ ]caamb

]ZhnbpsS kaXpenXmhÿbn¬

krjvSn®ncn°p∂p. Cu khnti

jXbpff kaXpenXm hÿbn¬

Ah≥ F√m krjvSnIsf °mfpw

D∂X\pw t{ijvT\pamWv. as‰mcp

ÿeØp ]dbp∂p: C∂m A¿Zv\¬Aam\Ø Ae amhmØn h¬A¿Znh¬Pn_men ^ A_bv\m Aølvan¬\lm h Aiv^Jv\ an≥lmhlael¬ C≥km≥ C∂lq Im\Zzeqa≥ Plqem (33:73). \mw \ΩpsS

Aam\Øns\˛ CXp sIm≠pff

Dt±iyw t{]amXntcIhpw ssZhkvt\l

hpw \√hÆw A\p`hn® dn™pff

kºq¿W A\pkcWamWv˛ BImi

Ønse F√m ae°pIfptSbpw

`qanbnse k¿hkrjvSnIfptSbpw

]¿hXßfptSbpw apºn¬ ka¿]n®p.

AXp _mlyambn t\m°ptºmƒ

IcpØp‰ hkvXp°fmbncp∂p.

F∂m¬, B F√m hkvXp°fpw B

Aam\Øv Gs‰Sp°m≥ hnkΩXn®p.

AXns‚ alXzw I≠v `bs∏´p.

F∂m¬, a\pjy≥ AtXs‰SpØp.

ImcWw a\pjy\n¬ c≠p KpWap

≠mbncp∂p. H∂v Ah\v A√mlphns‚

am¿KØn¬ Xs‚ Bflmhnt\mSv

A{Iaw sNøm≥ Ignbpambncp∂p.

c≠v A√mlphnt\mSpff kvt\l

Øm¬ Ah\v A\yssZhßsf

XnI®pw hnkvacn°p∂ ]Zhnhsc

FØm≥ Ignbpambncp∂p. as‰mcnS

Øp ]dbp∂p: h CZvJme d∫p°en¬aemC°Øn C∂o JmenJp≥_id≥Ωn≥Xzo\n ^CZm kΔbvXplq h \^JvXp ôln an≥dqlo^JDu elq kmPnZo≥ ^kPZ¬aemC°Øp Ip√plpw APvaDu≥C√m C_veokv (38:72˛75). \ns‚

A√mlp (Ahs‚ ]q¿W {]XoIamWp

\o) ae°pItfmSp ]d™ t\cw

Hm¿°phn≥! Rm≥ aÆn¬\n∂v Hcp

a\pjys\ krjvSn°pIbmWv.

Aßs\ Rm≥ Ahs\ kºq¿W

kaXpenXmhÿbn¬ krjvSn

°pIbpw Fs‚ Bflmhn¬\n∂v

Ah\n¬ DuXpIbpw sNbvXm¬

\nßƒ Ah\v kmjvSmwKw sNbvXp

hogphn≥. AXmbXv kºq¿W

hn\btØmsS Ahs‚ k∂n[nbn¬

hym]rXcmIpIbpw \nßƒ Ah\v

kmjvSmwKw sNbvXp sIm≠ncn°p

∂psh∂v tXm∂pamdv tkh\Øn¬

ZØNnØcmIpIbpw sNøphn≥.

At∏mƒ ibvXzms\mgnsI ae°p

Isf√mw kmjvSmwKwsNbvXphoWp.

Ah≥ \n¿`mKy\mbn. kmjvSmwKw

sNøm\pff Cu Iev]\ lZvdØv BZw

krjvSn°s∏´ t\cØpffX√. GsX

¶nepw a\pjy≥ Xs‚ bYm¿Y a\pjy

XzØns‚ ]mcayXbnseØpIbpw

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Bflmhv Ah\n¬ IpSnbncn°pIbpw

sNøptºmƒ, B]cn]q¿W\mb

a\pjys‚ apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw

sNbvXp hogpI F∂v ae°pIƒ°p

{]tXyIw \evIs∏Sp∂ Iev]\

bmWnXv . AXmbXv ssZhnI

{]ImitØmSpIqSn Ah\n¬

CdßpIbpw Ah\n¬ BiwkIƒ

t\cpIbpw sNøphn≥. A√mlp Xs‚

hcnjvTcmb ZmktcmSp Fs∂∂pw

A\ph¿Øn®phcp∂ ]t≠bpff

\ n b a k w l n X b n t e ° p f f

kqN\bmWnXv. Bsc¶nepw GsX

¶nepw ImeL´Øn¬ Bflobamb

kaXpenXmhÿ Icÿam°pIbpw

A√mlphns‚ Bflmhv Ahs‚

Dffn¬ IpSnbncn°pIbpw sNøp

tºmƒ AXmbXv Xs‚ kz¥w Bflmhv

shSn™v _Jm_n√mbpsS (A√mlp

hpambpff A\izc _‘Øns‚)

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coXnbn¬ ae°pIƒ Ah\n¬

Cdßm≥ XpSßp∂p. ssZhhgnbn¬

{]bmWw XpSßp∂ L´Ønepw

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tkh\Ønepw apgpIp∂p≠v. ]t£,

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kmjvSmwKw sNøphn≥ F∂ Iev]\

Dƒs°mffp∂ ]cn]q¿Whpw kºq¿

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]ZwsIm≠v ae°pIƒ kºq¿W

a\pjysc°mƒ t{ijvTcs√∂

Imcyhpw shfnhm°nØ ∂ncn°p∂p.

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kºq¿W a\pjys‚ apºn¬

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sNbvXp sIm≠ncn°p∂p.

C{]ImcwXs∂ iwkv F∂

A[ymbØnepw A√mlp AXnkq

£vaamb kqN\ItfmSpw Be¶mcnI

{]tbmKßtfmSpwIqSn kºq¿W

a\pjys‚ ]Zhnsb BImi`qan


bnepff F√m \nhmknIsf°mfpw

D∂Xhpw DØahpambn hnhcn®n´p≠v.

]dbp∂p:

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kqcys\sIm≠pw AXns‚

shbnens\s°m≠pw kXyw. N{μs\

s°m≠pw kXyw; AXv kqcys\

]n¥pScptºmƒ. ]Iens\s°m≠pw

kXyw; AXv AXns‚ {]ImisØ

shfns∏SpØptºmƒ. cmhns\

s°m≠pw kXyw; AXv A‘Imc

abamIptºmƒ. BImisØs°m≠pw

AXns‚ \n¿amWsØs°m≠pw

kXyw. `qansbs°m≠pw AXns\

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kXyw. a\pjymflmhns\s°m≠pw

kXyw; BcmtWm AXns\ kºq¿W

amb kaXpenXmhÿbptSbpw

ssÿcyÿnXnbptSbpw kºq¿W

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Dƒs°mffp∂p. N{μs‚ {]tXyIX

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GXpt]msesb∂m¬, `£Ww

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As√¶n¬ IpńIsf kvt\ln°pI

XpSßn F√m ISaIfpw \ndth‰p∂p.

Aev] t\ctØ°v Cu Ccpńs\

CjvSs∏Sp∂p. bYm¿Yamb \nebn¬

B Ccpńte°p NmbvhpffXpsIm≠√

CXv. adn®v k¿h⁄\pw bp‡n⁄

\pamb A√mlp AXnte°p Ahs‚

{i≤ \evInbXp sIm≠mWv.

Bflobamb _p≤napń¬\n∂pw

{]bmkØn¬\n∂pw Aev]w hn{ian®v

ho≠pw B ITn\m[zm\Øn‚ `mcw

hln°p∂Xn\v XømdmIm≥ th≠nbm

WnXv. BcptStbm Hcp ]Zy iIeap≠v:

kp]cnNnX\mb thSt‚Xv ]cp

¥n≥ IÆpIfmWv.

Ct∏mƒ AS®ph®ncn°p∂p

sh¶nepw AXp Xpd°m\pffXp

Xs∂bmWv.

hnh: auehn aplΩZv Ckvambn¬)

lpkq¿ Xncpa\ ns‚ \n¿t±iØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬_lpam\s∏´ C≥Nm¿Pv C¥ym sUkvIv Ab-®p-X-∂ am¿§\n¿t±-i-ßƒ Nph-sS -tN¿°p-∂p.

C\n-ap-X¬ kZv¿ A©p-a≥ Alva-Zn-ø, A©p-a≥ XlvcoJv PZo-Zv,

A©p-a≥ hJv^v PZo-Zv F∂n-h-°mbn NμIƒ ]ncn°p∂Xn\v

hnhn[\ndßfnep≈ hyXykvX dkoZv _p°pIfmbncn°pw D]-tbm-

Kn-°pI. kZv¿ A©pa≥ AlvaZnømbpsS dkoZv _p°v shfpØ

\ndØnep≈Xpw, A©p-a≥ XlvcoIv PZoZns‚ dkoZv _p°v ]® \nd-

Øn-ep-≈Xpw, A©p-a≥ hJvs^ PZoZns‚ dkoZv _p°v Cfw-\oe

\ndØnep≈Xpw (B-Im-i-\n-dw) Bbncn°pw. Cu aq∂vXcw dkoZv

_p°pIfpsSbpw apIfn¬ kZv¿ A©pa≥ AlvaZnø

F∂pXs∂bmbncn°pw Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠mIpI. F∂m¬ A©p-a≥

XlvcoIv PZoZns‚ dko-Zn\p Xmsg XlvcoJv PZoZv F∂pw A©p-a≥

hJvs^ PZoZns‚ dko-Zn\p Xmsg hJv v PZoZv F∂pw A®-Sn-®n- p-≠m-

Ipw. as‰√m Nμ-Ifpw kZv¿ A©p-a≥ Alva-Zn-øbpsS dko-Zn-em-bn-

cn°pw ]ncn-°p-I. AXp-sIm≠v B cko-Zn\p Xmsg H∂pw A®-Sn-®n- p-

≠m-bn-cn-°n-√. \nehnep≈ dkoZv _p°v 2012 sk]v‰w_¿ 30 hsc

am{Xta D]tbmKtbmKyambncn°pIbp≈p. AXn\v tijw \nehnep≈

dkoZv _p°v Akm[phmbnØocp∂XmWv. 2012 HIvtSm_¿ H∂v apX¬

]pXnb dkoZv _p°n¬ am{Xta Nμ ]ncn°mhp.

2. PamAØpIfn¬ ]pXnb dkoZv _p°pIfn¬ XlvcoIv PZoZns‚

Nμ ]ncnt°≠Xv XlvcoIv PZoZv sk{I´dnbpw, hJvs^ PZoZns‚ Nμ

]ncnt°≠Xv hJvs^ PZoZv sk{I´dnbpw Bbncn°pw. F∂m¬

XlvcoIv PZoZns‚bpw hJvs^ PZoZns‚bpw sk{I´dnam¿

\nbanXambnń√mØ sNdnb PamAØpIfn¬ X¬°mew sk{I´dn

am¬ Xs∂bmbncn°pw XlvcoIv PZoZv/ hJvs^ PZoZv NμIfpw

]ncn°pI.

\mkn¿ AAve JmZn-bm≥

dkoZv _p°p-Iƒ amdp∂p


ssZhkvacW AYhm ZnIvsd Cemln

bneqsSbmWv a\pjy≥ BXvaim¥n

Icÿam°p∂Xv. kaImeo\ kaqlw

euInIXbpsS cmKXcwKßfn¬s] v

{]£p_v[amhptºmƒ kXyhnizm

knIƒ im¥nbnepw kam[m\Ønepw

ÿnX {]⁄cmbn \n¬°m≥ km[n

°p∂Xv ssZhkvacW sIm≠mWv.. CXv

Xs∂bmWv Ah≥ Xn∑sb shdp

°m\pw tlXphmbn Xocp∂Xv.

kvacW F∂Xv F√m a\pjycn

epap≈ Hcp kz`mh coXnbmWv.

a\pjy≥ Cu kn≤n D]tbmKn®v

Ign™v IS∂v t]mb kw`hßsfbpw

hy‡nIsfbpw kvacn°mdp≠v.

Ahbn¬ NneXv a\pjy\v ZpJw

krjvSn°pIbpw, a‰v NneXv X¬°me

sØ kt¥mjw \¬IpIbpw AXp

as√¶n¬ tZzjyw, shdp∏v, klXm]w

apXemb hnImcßƒ P\n∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ Ahbn¬ \ns∂

√mw hyXncn‡amb Hcp hnImcamWv

Ah≥ ssZhkvacWbn¬ G¿s∏Sp

tºmƒ e`n°p∂Xv. A√mlp hnip≤

Jp¿B\n¬ C{]Imcw ]dbp∂p.

AXmbXv Ahcs{X hnizkn°pIbpw A√mlphns‚ kv acWaqewa\ am[m\w {]m]n°pIbpw sNbXh¿ AdnbpI, A√mlphns‚ kvacWsIm≠v am{Xta a\ am[m\wssIhcnIbp≈q (13:29)

{]kvXpX BbØv kXyhnizmkn

tbmSv ]dbp∂Xv, Xs‚ a\ n\v

kwXr]vXn e`n°p∂Xpw \n¿hrXn

Icÿam°p∂Xpw ssZhkvacW

F∂ Huj[ØneqsSbmWv. CXn¬

\n∂v {Klnt°≠ Imcyw kXy

hnizmkn Xs‚ BXvamhns\bpw

icocsØbpw ssZhØn\mbn

ka¿∏n°p∂Xv Aht\mSp≈ A\p

c‡naqeamWv. Aßs\ Xs‚

A\pc‡n Ahs‚ lrZbØn¬

Xnßn \nd™Xn\v tijw A√mlp

hns‚ kvacWbnembncn°pw Ahs‚

F√mI¿aßfpw {]hrØn®psIm≠ncn

°p∂Xv. X∑qew Zmks‚ kvt\l

\n_nVamb {]h¿ØnIƒ ssZhØn

te°pw ssZhw Zmk\nte°pw

BI¿jn°s∏Sp∂p. Aßs\

temIØv sh®v Xs∂ krjvSn Xs‚

{kjvSmhns‚ kmao]yw Icÿam

°p∂p. Cu ssZh kmao]yamWv Hcp

hnizmkn°v a\ am[m\hpw a\

wXr]vXnbpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xv.

C\n kzoImcyamb ZnIvdpIƒ

GsXms°bmsW∂v ]cntim[n°mw.

CXv kw_‘ambn AlvaZnøm Jeo^

Xncpa\ v c≠ma≥ C{]Imcw

]dbp∂p:"hnip≤Jp¿B≥ hfsc

i‡amb \nebn¬ sNøWsa∂p

I¬]n®ncn°p∂ bYm¿Y amb ZnIvsd

Cemln thsd Xs∂bmWv. AXv \mev

hn[ØnemWv. Ahsb Dt]£n°pI

F∂Xv henb ]pWyw \jvSs∏Sp

Øembncn°pw. AXn\m¬ Ahsb

Hcn°epw Isømgn°m≥ ]mSn√. AXn¬

H∂matØXv \akv°mcamWv.

c≠matØXv Jp¿B≥ ]mcmbWamWv.

aq∂matØXv A√mlphns‚ KpW

amlmXvayßƒ G‰p]d™psIm≠v

\mhp sIm≠v AXns\ Bh¿Øn

®mh¿Øn®pcphnSpIbmWv. \mema

tØXv A√mlphns‚ KpWalmXvay

ßsf H‰°pw clkyambpw DcphnSp

∂Xv t]mse Xs∂ Ah P\a≤y

Ønepw Xpd∂v {]Jym]n°emWv. Cu

\mepXcw ZnI vdpIfpw hnip≤

Jp¿B\n¬ \n∂p Xs∂ a\ nem

°mhp∂XmWv. AXv a\pjys‚

BXvaob ]ptcmKXn°v hfsc AXym

hiyhpw Hgn®p IqSm\mhmØXpamWv.'

(ZnIvsd Cemln t]˛36)

CXn¬ \ns∂√mw kv]jvSamhp∂

Hcp Imcyw ssZhkvt\lw Fs¥∂pw

AXns‚ alXzw Fs¥∂pw Xncn®dnbp

∂h≥ Hcp kXyhnizmknbmbncn°pw

F∂Xn\p]cnbmbn apkvenambncn°p

sa∂mWv. Cu Imcyw {]kvXpX Bb

Øn¬\n∂pw D≤cWnbn¬ \n∂pw

hy‡amhp∂ ImcyamWv. hnizmkw

IcKXas√¶n¬ A√mlv, A√mlv...

F∂v ]dbp∂Xnepw cmam, cmam F∂v

]dbp∂Xpw hy‡nbn¬ Imcyamb

hyXymksam∂pw krjvSn°pIbn√.

AXv hgn bYm¿Y t\´hpw Ah\v

e`n°msX t]mIp∂XmWv. ChnsS Hcp

hnizmknbmWv ZnIvsd CemlnbpsS

{][m\yw a\ nem°n {]h¿Øn

°p∂Xv. X∑qew hnPbØns‚

]ShpIƒ Hmtcmt∂mtcm∂mbn Ah¿

IbdpIbpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ CXn\v

hn]coXambn a\pjy≥ kzm¿Yem`

Øn\mbn Cu khntij Bcm[\m

{IasØ hn\ntbmKn°p ∂Xmbm¬

AXn¬ \n∂pw \miambncn°pw

{]Xnêambn e`n°pI. CXnte°v

hnc¬ Nq≠n dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k)

C{]Imcw ]dbp∂p:

""aXØn¬ \n¿an®phnSp∂ F√m

]pØ≥ BNmcßfpw hgntISmWv.

F√m hgntISpw \cIØnte°v

X≈nhnSpIbpw sNøp∂p.'' Cu

lZokns\ hnhcn®v sIm≠v Jeo^

Øp¬ akolv km\n(d) C{]Imcw

Acpƒ sNbvXp: A°mcWØm¬

Xs∂bmWv Ch¿ \n¿an®ncn °p∂

]pØ≥ Bcm[\m k{ºZmbßƒ

ZnIvsd Cemln:

a\pjya\ v im¥n {]m]n°p∂Xv ssZhkvacW

H∂psIm≠p am{XamsW∂ Jp¿B≥ hN\Øns‚

hniZoIcWw.

lmjnw Ajd^v, Be∏n

a\pjya\ n\v Hcp Znhyuj[w

teJ\w


A√mlphns‚ kmao]yw D≠mIp∂

Xn\v ]Icw Ah\n¬ \n∂v AI‰n°f

bp∂Xv. Cu ZnIvdpIƒ I≠p]nSn®Xn∂v

tijamWv apkvenwIƒ A√mlphn¬

\n∂v hfsc AI∂p t]mhm≥ XpSßn

bXpw. F¥p sIms≠∂m¬ CsX√w

_nZvAØmWv. A√mlphpw aplΩZv

\_n(k)bpw a\ nem°nØ∂

hnjbßƒs°Xncmbn h√Xpw

]dbs∏Sptºmgpw sNøs∏Sptºmgpw

AXp sIm≠v BXvaobX _elo\

ambn XocpIbmWv. sNøpI. A°mc

WØm¬ AXv Xs∂bmWv apkvenw

Ifn¬ C∂v s]mXpth BXvaobX

\in®p t]mbncn°p∂Xv. (ZnIvsd

Cemln˛ t]˛21)

ta¬ ]dbs∏´Xn¬ \n∂pw \mw

{Klnt°≠ Imcysa¥∂m¬ sX‰mb

am¿Kw kzoIcn®m¬ hnPbØn\v

]Icw \mihpw A]ISIcamb

Ahÿbpambncn°pw D≠mhpI.

AXvsIm≠v ssZhhpw ssZhZqX\pw

a\ nem°n X∂ncn°p∂ am¿Kßƒ

kzoIcn®v {]h¿Øn°Ww. CXneqsS

am{Xta hnPb{]m]vXn Icÿam

°pIbp≈q. C\n B am¿Kßƒ, B

AhÿIƒ Fs¥√mamsW∂v H∂v

]cntim[n°mw. CXv kw_‘ambn

Jeo^Øp¬ akolv km\n (d)

Jp¿B≥ BbØpIfpsS ASnÿm\

Øn¬ C{]Imcw hnhcn°p∂p:

""ZnIvsd Cemln sNøp∂hcn¬

t_m[ £bap≠mIp∂Xmbnt´m,

Ah¿ A¥w hn´v \neØv hogp

∂Xmbnt´m Xebn´Sn°p∂Xmbnt´m

D≈ Hcp {]kvXmh\bpw hnip≤ Jp¿

B\n¬ ImWpIbn√. adn®v Ahcn¬

D≠mIp∂ {]XnIcWßsf°pdn®v B

]hn{X {KŸw ]dbp∂Xv C{]ImcamWv.

"A√mlphns\ ZnIv¿ sNøs∏Sptºmƒ kXy hnizmknbpsS lrZbw`bs∏Sp∂XmWv.' (3:8) "XßfpsSd∫ns\ bs∏Sp∂h¿, A√mlphns‚ZnIvdns‚ thfbn¬ Ah¿°vtcmam©ap≠mIpIbpw AhcpsStZlw XfcpIbpw lrZbw `bs∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p..'(24: 39)

dlvam\mb A√mlphns‚ Bb

ØpIƒ Ah¿°v HmXn tIƒ∏n°

s∏Sptºmƒ Ah¿ kpPqZn¬ hogpI

bpw IcbpIbpw sNøp∂p. AYhm

Ah¿ Bcm[\bn¬ apgpIp∂p.

(ZnIvsd Cemln t]. 30, 31)

Cu BbØpIfpsS shfn®Øn¬

ZnIvsd Cemln sNøp∂hcpsS A©v

AhÿIƒ hy‡am°p∂p. H∂m

aXmbn XßfpsS \mY\mb ssZhw

hfsc D∂X\pw {]Xm]hm\pamsW∂v

Ah¿ a\ nem°p∂Xv sIm≠v Ah¿

ZnIv¿ sNøptºmƒ AhcpsS lrZbw

`bs∏Sp∂p. Ahcn¬ òXn Df

hmIp∂p. c≠maXmbn `bØm¬

Ahcn¬ tcmam©w D≠mIp∂p,

AhcpsS tZlw Xf¿∂p t]mIpIbpw

lrZbw arZpeambn ØocpIbpw

sNøp∂p. ]n∂oSv Ah¿ kpPqZn¬

AYhm Bcm[\bn¬ apgpIp∂p.

Ahkm\ambn Ah¿ Icbp∂p. Cu

AhÿIfneqsS k©cn®v Hcp

kXyhnizmkn ssZhkvacWbpsS

bmYm¿Yyw {Kln°ptºmƒ Ah≥

A\p`hn°p∂ a\kwXr]vXn a‰v

ùXnI kpJßsf°mfpw kt¥mj

ßsf°mfpw hneaXn°p∂XmsW∂v

Ah≥ Xncn®dnbp∂p. CXmWv

Ah\n¬ kmbqPy e`yX°v tlXp

hmbn Xocp∂Xv. F{X XymKßƒ

klnt°≠n h∂mepw Ah≥ Cu

PohmarXw Hcn°epw \jvSs∏Sp

ØpIbn√. AXv t]mseØs∂ ZnIvsd

CemlnbpsS alXzw a\ nem°p∂

kXyhnizmkn Jp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw

sNøptºmgpw \akvImcØn¬ebn

°ptºmgpw A√mlphns‚ \maßƒ

G‰p ]dbptºmgpw Ah P\ßƒ°v

apºn¬ hnfw_cs∏SpØptºmgpw

ùXnI i‡nIsf `bs∏SpItbm,

Ah¿°v apºn¬ bmsXmcp kt¶mN

hpw {]ISn∏n°pItbm sNøp∂n√.

Cusbmcp khntij KpWw \ap°v

{]hmNI∑mcnepw klm_m°fnepw

Z¿in°m≥ km[n°p∂XmWv. Cu

ssZhnI A\pc‡n°v ]Icambn

Ah¿ k¿hXpw XymKw sNøp∂p.

Poh\pw [\Øn\pw, A¥ n\pw

\n mc hne I¬∏n®p sIm≠v

F√mhn[ XymKØn\pw Xømdmbn

sIm≠pw ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ Xß

fpsS inc pIƒ ASnbdhv sh°p∂p.

CX√msX as‰m∂n∂pw \ne\n¬

∏ns√∂v a\ nem°p∂ kXyhnizm

knIƒ, Zo\ns\ ap¥n®v sIm≠v

Zp\nbmhns\ ]n¥≈p∂p.

as‰mcpImcyw ssZh`‡n (XJvh)

Cs√¶n¬ Cu {]h¿Ø\ßsf√mw

Xs∂ \njv{]tbmP\hpw \njvê

hpamW.v lZvdØv akolv aDuZv (A)

C{]Imcw Acpƒ sNøp∂p: A√mlp

Fs∂ A`nkw t_m[\ sNbvXp

sIm≠v ]d™p:"XJvh (`b`‡n)

F∂ sNSn lrZbØnemWv \tS≠Xv.

XJvh ]cnt]mjn∏n°s∏Sp∂ sh≈w

sIm≠v Xs∂bmWv apgph≥ tXm´hpw

PetkN\w sNøs∏Sp∂Xv. XJvh

bmIp∂ Xmbvthcv Cs√¶n¬ k¿hhpw

\njv eamWv. AXv \ne\n¬°pIbm

sW¶n¬ F√mw \ne\n¬°p∂XmWv.'(

A¬ hknbØv)

C\n Imcyem`Øn\v am{Xw ssZh

kvacWsb Ahew_n°pIbpw

AXn\p tijw Dt]£n° s∏SpIbpw

sNøp∂ coXnbn¬ \n∂pw Hcn°epw

imizXamb kam[m\w IcKXamhp

Ibn√ F∂ Imcyw Hm¿t°≠XmWv.

GXp t]mse Imemh ÿmam‰w sIm≠v

CeIƒ sImgn™p t]mIp∂pthm AXv

t]mse kam[m\hpw sImgn™p

t]mIp∂XmWv. izmiX kam[m\w

{]m]n°Wsa¶n¬ ÿnc NnØ\mbn

sIm≠v ssZhkvacW ioeam°p

IbmWv th≠Xv. Nm©eyan√mØ

a\ pambn Cu Bcm[\m{I asØ

kao]n°pIbmWv Cu Bcm[\

tbmSp≈ \ΩpsS ISa. F∂m¬

am{Xta icnbmb êw e`n°pI

bp≈q. Cusbmcp Imcyw hy‡

am°ns°m≠v Jeo^Øp¬ akolv

dm_nAv (dlv) C{]Imcw ]d™q:

"\n¿hrXn F∂v ]dbp∂Xv AXv

GsXm∂nemtWm hy‡amb \nebn¬

ÿncXbp≈Xv, im¥nbp≈Xv

As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw hkvXp h∂v

sIm≠v HcnSØpd°pItbm `h\w

\n¿an°pItbm ÿm\w \n¿W

bn®ncn°pItbm sNøp∂Xn\mWv

]dbpI.' (ajvAse dmlv hmeyw 3 t].

255)

Jp¿B\nse "A√m _n ZnIvdn√mlnXXzvabn∂p¬ Jpeq_v' (A√mlphns‚

kvacW (ZnIvd v)sIm≠p am{Xta

a\ am[m\w ssIhcnIbp≈q)F∂

BbØn¬ GXv ZnIvdns‚ kqN\bmWv

\¬Ip∂Xv? B ZnIv¿ ÿncXbpsS

ZnIvdmWv. AXv PohnXØns‚ mKambn

amdn. ssZhw lrZbØn¬ {]thin®p

sIm≠v XßqIbpw AhnsS Xmakw

Bcw`n°pIbpw sNøp∂ ZnIvdns\

Ipdn®mWv A√mlp ]dbp∂Xv. CXv

kam[m\w {]Zm\w sNøpIbpw

apgpPohnXhpw \n¿hrXnbm¬

\ndbp∂XpamW.v AhnsS \n∂mWv

Zos\ lJv {]mcw`wIpdn°p∂Xv.

ajvAse dmlv hmeyw 3, t] 256)

Cu D≤cWn \tΩmSv ]dbp∂Xv

\mw Zo\ns‚ bmYm¿Yyhpw ISaIfpw


a\ nem°n {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv ZnIvdn¬

ÿncX ssIhcn°ptºmƒ am{XamWv.

ÿncXbp≈ ZnIvdmWv a\pjy

a\ n\v izmizXamb \n¿hrXn {]Zm\w

sNøp∂Xv. ssZhØns‚ \ndw

kzoIcn®p sIm≠v ssZhkvt\lØn\v

]m{XamIp∂h¿°mWv kam[m\w

e`n°p∂Xv. F∂m¬ {Klnt°≠

Imcyw ssZhtØmSv t{]aw tXm∂p∂

tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ ssZhkvacWbn¬

B\μw ssIhcn°pIbpw sNøWw.

\mw Ccn°ptºmgpw \S°ptºmgpw

InS°ptºmgpw Ggpt∂¬°ptºmgpw

_p≤nap´ptºmgpw im¥X A\p`

hn°ptºmgpw PohnXØnse F√m

kμ¿`ßfnepw ssZhsØ kvacn°p

∂ ioeap≠m°nbm¬ BXva \n¿hr

XnbpsS PohnXØnte°v {]thin°p

∂hcmbn \Ωƒ amdp∂XmWv. CXvX

s∂bmWv Ckvemans‚ A≤ym]\hpw.

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: "\ns‚\mYs\ hn\btØmSpw `btØmSpwD®Ønep≈ hm°pIƒ IqSmsXbpw,{]`mXØnepw {]tZmjØnepw \ns‚a\ n¬ \o kvacn°pI. \oA{i≤cn¬ s]´hcmIcpXv.' (7: 206)AXmbXv Cu Bcm[\m {Iaw

Ahew_n°pI F∂Xv ssZhI¬

∏\bmWv Hcp hnizmknbpsS BXvaob

]ptcmKXn°pw BXvaob D∂a\

Øn\pw tlXphmbn amdp∂ Bcm[\

IfpsS ImXemWv ZnIvsd Cemln.

Ckvemans‚ F√m Bcm[\m

cq]ßfpw \mw ]cntim[n°pIbmsW

¶n¬ F√mw Xs∂ ZnIvsd Cemln

Xs∂bmsW∂v \ap°v a\ nem°m

hp∂XmWv. \akv°mcØnepw Jp¿

B≥ ]cmbWØnepw l÷nepw

t\mºnepw ZpBbnepw F√mw Xs∂

ZnIvsd Cemln \nd™p \n¬°p∂

Xmbn \ap°v ImWm≥ k[n°pw.

as‰mcp {][m\Imcyw ZnIvdneqsS

ssZhØns‚ Xr]vXn Icÿam°mhp

∂XmW.v A√mlp Jp¿B\nse A¬

A≥I_pØv F∂ A≤ymbØnse

46˛masØ hN\Øn¬ A√mlphns\

ZnIv¿ sNøp∂Xv henb ImcyamsW

∂mWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. ho≠pw

Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: "A√mlphn¬\n∂p≈ {]oXnbmWv F√mØnepwalØcambn´p≈Xv.' (9:72) henb

ImcyØn\v henb {]Xnêsa∂

{]IrXn \nbaØns‚ ASnÿm\

Øn¬ henb Imcyamb ZnIv¿

sNøptºmƒ henb {]Xnêamb

A√mlphns‚ Xr]vXn Icÿ

am°p∂p. as‰mcp Imcyw ZnIvdneqsS

a\°cpØpw hnPbhpw IcKXamhp

∂p F∂XmWv. A√mlp ]dbp∂p:

hnizkn®hsc \nßƒ Hcp ssk\ysØ I≠papńbm¬ Dd®p\n¬°pIbpw A√mlphns\ A[nIambn kvacn°pIbpw sNøpI. \nßƒhnPbw {]m]n°p∂Xn\v th≠n (8:46)

Cu BbØv ]dbp∂Xv k¿h

i‡\mb ssZhw \nßfpsS IpsS

bp≠v F∂v Xncn®dnbm\pw, AXv

ImcWw apt∂m´v Kan°m\pap≈

at\mss[cyw {]m]n°m\pw AXp hgn

D∂XhnPbw Icÿam°m\pw th≠n

ssZhsØ kvacn°pI. [mcmfambn

Ahs\ kvacn°pI. Cßs\ ZnIv¿

sNøptºmgmWv a\°cpØpw hnPb

hpw e`yamIp∂Xv. ssZhkvacWbpsS

kp{][m\amb Hcp t{ijvTX F∂Xv

Cu Bcm[\m I¿aØnse BXvaob

⁄m\ßƒ {Kln°m≥ km[n°p∂p

F∂p≈XmWv. Jp¿B≥ XpS¿∂v

]dbp∂p, "BImißfpsSbpw`qanbpsSbpw krjvSn∏nepw cmhpw]Iepw amdnamdn hcp∂XnepwXo¿®bmbpw _p≤nam∑m¿°v ]eZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠v. \n∂pw Ccp∂pwXßfpsS ]m¿izßfn¬ (InS∂pw)A√mlphns\ kvacn®p sIm≠ncn°pIbpw BImitKmfßfpsSkrjvSn∏ns\ kw_‘n®v Nn¥n®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmb(_p≤nam≥am¿) RßfpsS \mYm!CsX√mw \o hy¿Yambn´√ krjvSn®Xv, \o ]cnip≤\mWv, AXn\m¬\cI in£bn¬ \n∂pw Rßsf

c£nt°Wta (F∂v Ah¿ {]m¿Yn°pw)(3:191˛192) "AXmbXv A√mlp

hns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ Nn¥n°p∂

hcpambncn°pw B _p≤nam∑m¿

F∂pw {]kvXpX BbØpIƒ XpS¿∂p

{]kvXmhn°p Ibpw sNøp∂p. (ZnIvsd

Cemln˛108)

AXmbXv kzbw B›cys∏´p

t]mIp∂ hn[Ønep≈ Nne BXvaob

⁄m\ßƒ ZnIv¿ sNøp∂hcn¬

shfns∏´p hcp∂XmWv. C\n A√mlp

\nßsf kvacn°Wsa¶n¬, Ahs‚

A\p{Klßƒ°v ]m{XamhWsa¶n¬

A√mlphns\ kvacnt°≠Xv \n¿_

‘amWv.

"^ZvIdq\o AZvIpdp°pw'(\nßƒFs∂ ZnIv¿ sNøpI, Rm≥ \nßsfbpw kvacn°p∂XmWv.) (2: 153)

Cu teJ\ØneqsS ZnIvdns‚

apgph≥ bmYm¿Yyßfpw hnhcn°pI

Akm[yamWv. F∂m¬ CXneqsS

Jp¿Bs‚ Hcp Dt±iw ]q¿Ønbmhp

∂XmWv. AXmbXv Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:

"^Z°n¿ C∂am A≥X apZ°n¿'Cu BbØn¬ "ZnIv¿'F∂ ]Zw

D]tZin°pI F∂ A¿YØn¬

A√mlp D]tbmKn®ncn°pIbmWv.

AXmbXv D]tZin°pI, D]tZiw

{]tbmP\IcamWv. Cu {]tbmP\

Icamb D]tZiw \mw kzoIcn°pIbm

sW¶n¬ \ΩpsS PohnXw A√mlp

hns‚ Xr]vXnbpsS XWen¬ \n¿hr

Xnbpw, kam[m\hpw \nd™ PohnX

ambn amdp∂XmWv. A√mlp \ap°

Xn\p≈ ku`mKyw \¬IpamdmI

s´.(Bao≥)

hnizkn®htc, A√mlphns\ A\pkcn°pI;

(Ahs‚) ZqXt\bpw \nßfn¬ \n∂p≈

A[nImcÿtcbpw A\pkcn °pI. ]ns∂ \nßƒ

GsX¶nepw ImcyØn¬ At\ym\yw `n∂n®m¬ AXv

A√mlphn¶te°pw (Ahs‚) ZqX¶te°pw

(Xocpam\Øn\mbn) Gev]n°pI. \nßƒ A√mlp

hnepw A¥yZn\Ønepw hnizkn°p∂ hcmsW¶n¬

AXmWv G‰hpw DØaambXpw G‰hpw\√

KpW]cyhkmbnbpw.

(hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ 4:60)


Cu Znh-k-ß-fn¬ ]mIn-kvXm\n¬

\n∂pw Znhw-K-X-\mb A_vZp- -em-ans\

Ipdn®v XnI®pw B›-cy-P-\-Ihpw hntcm-

[m-`mkw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xpamb Hcp

hm¿Ø tIƒ°m-\n-S-bm-bn. hnJymX

ùXnI imkv{X-⁄\pw ]mIn-kvXm-

\nse BZy t\m_¬ kΩm\ tPXm-hp-

amb kemw Xs‚ P∑-\m-ń¬ Xa-kvI-

cn-°-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂p-am-{X-

a√ ]e-t∏mgpw Ah-tl-fn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p, At±lw Ckvemanse

AlvaZnøm/JmZn-bm\n hn`m-K-Øn¬

s] - hy‡n-bmWv F∂ Imc-W-Øm¬!!.

{]apJ kp∂n-hn-`m-K-ßfpw Xo{h

hlm_n hn`m-K-ßfpw Icp-Øp-Im- p∂

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ AlvaZn-Iƒ ]oV-\-

ßƒ°v Cc-bm-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-I-

bm-Wv.

F∂m¬ B hntZz-jm·n Ct∏mƒ

C¥y-bn -te°pw ]S-cp -I-bmtWm?

AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ P∑-tK-l-amWv C¥y.

19˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ ]©m-_nse JmZn-bm-

\n¬ P\n® an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv F∂

aX{]t_m-[-I-s‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wn-

h¿. F∂m¬ Cu hn`m-K-Øn-s\-Xn-sc

\ne-\n¬°p∂ \ni-_vZ-amb kmaqly

{`jvSv Ahsc a‰v apkvenwI-fn¬\n∂pw

H‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

]gb sslZ-cm-_mZv \K-c-Ønse

Xma -k-°m -c -\mb 82 hb- p≈

Plm≥Ko¿ Aen-tb-°mƒ C°m-cy-

Øn¬ A\p- -h-⁄-\mbn A[nIw Bfp-

Iƒ D≠m-hn-√. 398 h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈

JpXzq_v jmln akvPnZv Dƒs°m-≈p∂

At±-l-Øns‚ Xma-k-ÿ-e-ØmWv

Rßƒ \n¬°p-∂-Xv. IpSpw_ ivaim-

\hpw Xmakÿ-ehpw Hcp sNdnb

t]mƒ{Sn I®-h-Shpw F√mw C-Xn-¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. \n-ßƒ -Np-‰p-sam∂v ItÆm-

Sn-°q, F¥mWv ImWp-∂Xv? At±lw

Bh-iy-s∏- p. ac-ßƒ, Hcp sdbn¬sh

{Sm°v, ho≠pw [mcmfw ac-ßƒ A{X-

am -{Xw. CS-Xn -ßn-∏m¿°p∂ ê-

Iv\pabn¬\n∂pw kao-{]-tZ-i-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-ambn

A]q¿h-amb hnim-e-X A\p- -h-s∏´p.

Cu Hcp Imcy-Øn-te°v Xs∂-bmWv

Aenbpw hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv. Xs‚bpw

Xs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw H‰-s∏´ Pohn-

XØnte°v. At±-lhpw At±-l-

Øns‚ c≠v a°fpw Ah-cpsS c≠v

t]c-°p- n-Ifpw kaq-l-Ønse apJy-[m-

c-bn¬\n∂v AI-‰n-\¿Ø-s∏-Sp∂p

F∂p-am-{X-a√ XpS¿®-bmbn ]e-hn[

òj-Wn-Iƒ°n-c-bm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bp-am-Wv.

Aenbpw IpSpw-_hpw hfsc ]cn-

]m-h-\-ambn kwc-£n-®p-h-cp∂ ]≈n-

bpsS DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw t\Sn-sb-Sp-

°m≥ Ct∏mƒ Hcp-Iq´w aX-{`m-¥≥am¿

B{‘m-{]-tZiv hJ^v t_m¿Uns‚

]n≥Xp-W-tbmsS ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv.

Fs‚ ]nXm-a-l≥ 1890 ¬ Chn-sS

hcp∂ ka-bØv Cu ]≈n-bpsS Ah-

ÿ.-h-fsc timN-\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aen

]d-bp-∂p. ]ns∂ At±lw AXns‚

ta¬t\m-´-°m-c-\m-bn. Xs‚ ]Ww

AXns‚ \ho-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Nne-h-gn-

®p. C°m-e-Øn-\n-S°v Hcmƒ t]mepw \a-

kvIm-c-Øn-\mbn ChnsS h∂n-ń-√.

Ct∏mgpw Rß-f-√msX a‰mcpw Xs∂

{]m¿Y-\-°mbn ChnsS hcm-dn -√.

F∂n´pw Ah¿°v Rßsf ChnsS-

\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°-Ww. At±-lw ]d-

™p.^n{_-hcn 18-\v hJ^v t_m¿Uv

Hcp DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p, ]≈n-bpw

ivaim -\hpw JmZn -bm -\n -I -fpsS

ssIbn¬\n∂v ]nSn -s®-Sp -°-Ww.

kp∂n, jnbm ]≈n-I-sfm∂pw Xs∂

AapkvenwI-fpsS \nb- {¥-W-

Ønemhm≥ ]mSn-√, Bb-Xn-\m¬

{]kvXpX hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ hJ^v

t_m¿Uns‚ t\cn- p≈ \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn

Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-XmWv. e-Øn¬ Aen-

sbbpw IpSw -_-sØbpw hJ^v

t_m¿Uv AapkvenwI-fmbn {]Jym-

]n®p!.Xs‚ A\m-tcm-Kym-h-ÿ-bnepw

Aen {]Xo£ ssIhn-Sp-∂n-√. CXn-s\-

sb√mw Rm≥ \nb-a-]-c-ambn Xs∂

t\cn-Spw F∂v ]d-bp-∂p, Fs‚ ]nXm-

hns‚ I√-d-bm-Wn-Xv. AXp-t]mse

Fs‚bpw Fs‚ a°-fp-sSbpw Ah-

cpsS a°-fp-sSbpsa√mw I√-d-Iƒ Chn-

sS-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww.At±-l-Øns‚

\n›-b-Zm¿Vyw {]iw-k-\o-b-am-sW-

]oVn∏n°s∏Sp∂ \yq\-]£wkmbv a\oj

aXØns‚ t]cnep≈ òIc hmZhpw Xo{hhmZhpw IqSn

]mInkvXms\ F√m A¿YØnepw \in∏n®ncn°bmWv. AhnsS aX

òIchmZØn\pw Xo{hhmZØn\pw G‰hpa[nIw CcbmbXv

AlvaZnIfmWv. B {]hWX C¥ybnepw Bcw`n®Xmbn

sXl¬° teJI≥ hniZoIcn°p∂p. sXl¬° Pq¨

e°Øn¬ h∂ teJ\Øns‚ {]k‡`mKßfpsS hnh¿Ø\w.

teJ\w


¶nepw Aen-bpsS Cu A\p-`hw kam-

\-X-I-fn-√mØ H∂-√. a‰v apkvenw cmPy-

ß-fn¬ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂

AXn-{I-a-ß-fpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v h¿≤n®v

hcp∂ Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bpsS êw

C¥y-bnse AlvaZn-I-fnepw {]Xn-^-

en®p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Bi-¶-bp-W¿Øp∂ {]tXy-I-

Imcyw GsX-¶nepw Nne aX-au-enI

kwL-S-\-Iƒ am{X-a√ {]_-e-hpw {]ap-

J-hp-amb apkvenw kwL-S-\-Ifpw

AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xn-cm-bp≈ Cu AXn-{I-

a-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-hp-∂p F∂-XmWv.

C°-gn™ sabv amk-Øn¬

U¬ln-bnse cmweoe ssaXm-\Øv

sh®v \S∂ Hcp s]mXp-tbm-K-Øn¬ Pam-

AsØ Ckveman lnμv AlvaZn-Iƒs°-

Xn-cmb kºq¿W kmaqly _ln-jvI-

c-W-Øn\v Blzm\w sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

A_vZpƒ Izmknw s\mam-\n-bpsS t\Xr-

Xz-Øn-ep≈ tZhv_μn t\Xm-°ƒ

AlvaZn-I-fpsS DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈

hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ Iø-S-°p-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-

\-sa-SpØ B{‘m-{]-tZiv hJ^v

t_m¿Uns\ A`n-\-μn-°p-Ibpw a‰v

kwÿm-\-ß-fnse hJ v t_m¿Up-I-

tfmSv CtX-co-Xn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°m≥

\n¿_-‘n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI-bp-≠m-bn.

apkvenw cmjv{Sob ]m¿ń-Ifpw˛

aPvensk CØn-lm-Zp¬ apkvenao≥

t]mse-bp-≈-h˛CØcw hn-tZz-j-k-

tμißƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]n∂n-e-

√. sslZ-cm-_m-Znse sskZm-_m-Zn¬

Ign™ am¿®n¬ Hcp AlvZnøm ]≈n

B{I-an-°-s∏- p. kv{XoIfpw Ipń-Ifpw

{]mb-am-b-hcpw {]m¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°th Bbn-cp∂p B{I-a-Ww. ]≈n°v

Is√-dn-bp-Ibpw JmZn-bm-\n-Iƒ hgn-°p-

h-∂n-s√-¶n¬ s]t{Smƒ t_mw_p-]-tbm-

Kn®v B{I-an-°p-sa∂v òj-Wn-ap-g-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

HmƒUv U¬ln-bn-ep≈ PpapB

akvPnZv ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ AlvaZn-Isf

`qap-J-Øp-\n∂v XpS-®p-\o-°p-I F∂v

Blzm\w sNøp∂ t_m¿Up-Iƒ C∂v

Hcp Akm-[m-cW ImgvN-b-√.

2011 sk]vXw-_¿ 24 \v U¬ln-bnse

constitution club ¬ AlvaZn-Iƒ Jp¿-

B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. ]m¿e-sa‚ v aμn-c-Øn¬\n∂v

\S-s∂-Øm-hp-∂{X Zqc-Øm-bn-cp∂p Cu

{]Z¿i\ ÿew. F∂m-¬ CkvemanI

aX-{`m-¥-∑m¿ {]Z¿i\w Ae-t¶m-e-s∏-

Sp-Øp-Ibpw \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw \n¿Øn-

sh-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. U¬ln

t]meo-kn\mIs´ bmsXm-cp-hn[ kpc-

£bpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-™-Xp-an-√.

tIc-fØn¬ IÆq¿, tImgn-t°mSv XpS-

ßnb ÿe-ß-fnepw AlvaZn-I-fpsS

]pkvXI {]Z¿\-ßƒ Bfp-Iƒ kwLw-

tN¿∂v XS- -s∏-Sp-Ønbncp-∂p.

AlvaZnøm hn`m-Kw, Bcm-Wn-h¿?

Ch¿ a‰p-apkvenwIƒ\n∂v hyXy-kvX-

cm-sW-¶n¬ Fßs\?

{][m-\-ambpw c≠p-Im-cy-ß-fn-emWv

Ah¿ kp∂n-I-fn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-cm-

Ip-∂-Xv. H∂v, A-h¿ an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZns\ At±lw 1889 am¿®v 23\v

JmZn-bm-\n¬ Cu {]ÿm-\-Øn\v ASn-

Ø-d-]m-In˛ {]hm-N-Is‚ bYm¿Y

A≤ym-]-\-ßsf Cu temIØv {]N-cn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ {`m¥-amb Zp¿hy-

Jym-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ckvemans\ c£n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX alm-\mb ako-lmbn

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. kp∂n-Iƒ ]d-bp∂p,

AXn-\¿Yw AlvaZn-Iƒ apl-Ω-Zns\

A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-°q-

∂n√. At±-lsØ {]hm-N≥am-cpsS

ap{Z-bmbn IW-°m-°p-∂n-√. AtX-k-

abw an¿km Kpemw AlvaZn\v alvZn

(A-√m -lp -hn -\m¬ \bn -°-s∏´

Ckvemans‚ ]p\-cp-≤m-c-I≥) F∂

]Zhn Nm¿Øn -s°m-Sp -°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. AlvaZnøm ]WvUn-Xsc D≤-

cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ apl-

ΩZv {]h-N\w sNbvX {]Imcw hmKvZØ

akolv Zam-kvIkv \K-c-Øn\v t\¿

Ing°v sh≈-an-\m-c-Øn-emWv Ah-X-cn-

°p-I. JmZn-bm-\n¬ an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZns‚ P\-\-tØmsS Cu {]h-

N\w ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xmbn Ah¿ hniz-kn-

°p-∂p. JmZn-bm≥ F∂ {]tZiw Zam-

kvI-kn\v t\¿ Ing-°m-sW∂v am{X-a-√,

31 Un{Kn hS°v kndn-b≥ Xe-ÿm-\-w

(33 Un{Kn hS-°v) ÿnXn sNøp∂ an°-

hmdpw AtX A£mw-i-Øn-epamWv Cu

tZiw ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv.

c≠m-asØ hyXymkw PnlmZv

As√-¶n¬ hnip-≤-bp-≤-Øn\v AlvaZn-

Iƒ \¬Ip∂ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-em-Wp-

≈-Xv. Pnlm-Zn\v hfsc ]mh-\-amb

\n¿h-N-\-ap-s≠-∂mWv Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. Hcp-hs‚ tkz—-Iƒs°-Xn-cm-bp≈

bp≤-am-W-Xv. kzbw ]cn-jvI-c-W-

Øns‚ ]mX-bn-eqsS apt∂-dn-s°m-≠n-

cn-°pI F∂-XmWv Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw

e£yw sh°p-∂-Xv. kz`m-h-kw-kvI-c-

W-Øn\v {]mapJyw \¬In-s°m≠v

F√m-X-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ A{I-a-sØbpw

Isøm-gn-bp-∂p. hmkvXhw ]d-bp-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ a‰v Ckveman-I, A\lvaZn

hn`m-K-ßfpw Pnlm-Zn\v Cu coXn-bn-

ep≈ \n¿h-N-\-amWv \¬Ip-∂-sX-

¶nepw AlvaZn-Iƒ AXns‚ {]tbm-

‡m-°-fm-bn-s°m≠v hlm-_n-I-fpsS

Xo{h-\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂v thdn-´p-

\n¬°p-∂p.

AlvaZnøm apkvenw Atkm-kn-tb-

js‚ e≠-\nse hntZ-i-Imcy h‡mhv

^coZv AlvaZv ]d-bp-∂p,

Rß-fpsS PnlmZv sSen-hn-j-

\neqsSbpw ]{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Nn{Xo-I-

cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ PnlmZn {]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fn¬\n∂v XnI®pw hn`n -∂-am -Wv.

AlvaZn-Iƒ Pnlm-Zn-eqsS JymXntbm

A[n-Im-c-tam, {]Xm-]tam A√ Imw£n-

°p-∂-Xv. Ckvemanse al-Ø-c-amb

PnlmZv tkz—-Isf Iogvs∏-Sp-ØpI

F∂p-≈-Xm -Wv . AXn\v hmtfm,

t_mwt_m shSn-bp-≠-Itfm Bh-iy-an-

√. adn®v ]cn-ip-≤-amb Hcp lrZ-b-amWv

th≠Xv

AlvaZn-Ifpw a‰v qcn-]£ apkvenw

hn`m-K-ß-fp-ambn thsdbpw hyXym-k-

ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw Ah-sb√mw Xs∂

{][m-\-ambpw ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn\p ]pd-

sa-bp≈ hnj-b-ß-fn-em-Wv tI{μo-I-cn-

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tbip Ipcn-ip-a-cWw hcn-

®n- n√ F∂pw adn®v C¥y-bn-te°v c£-

s∏ v Xs‚ injvS-Imew Hcp tbmKn-sb-

t∏mse Imivao-cn¬ Pohn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-

cp∂p F∂pamWv an¿k Kpemw AlvaZv

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

AsX√mw ap≥I-gn™ Imcy-ßƒ.

F∂m¬ Cu hn`m-K-Øn-s\-Xnsc

Ct∏mƒ hoin-b-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂

AXn-{I-a -ßƒ°v aqt∂m \mtem

h¿jsØ ]g-°-ta-bp-≈q. AlvaZnøm

apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ h‡m-hmb

JmZn-bm-\n-ep≈ X≥ho¿ AlvaZns‚

\nco-£-W-Øn¬ 2008 se AlvaZnøm

Jnem- -Øn-es‚ iX-hm¿jnI BtLm-

j-ßfmWv AXn\v \nan-Ø-am-b-Xv. Hcp

h¿jw \o≠p-\n∂, C¥y-sbm-´msI

\S∂ BtLm-j-ß-fn¬ [mcmfw Bfp-

Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. X≥ho¿ ]d-bp-

∂p, Ak-ln-jvW-cmb Nne ap√m-°sf

CXv Acniw sIm≈n-®p. Ah¿ Rßsf

Ign-bp-∂- co-Xn-bn-se√mw D]-{Z-hn-°m≥

Xocp-am-\n-®p.

AXp-ambn _‘-s∏- mtWm F∂-dn-

bn-√, ]mIn-kvXms‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse

Xs∂ AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb AXn bm-

\-I-amb oI-cm-{I-aWw 2008 sabv amk-

Øn¬ kw -hn-®p.(2010 emWv B{I-a-W-


ap-≠m-b-Xv) Nmth-dp-I-fp-sSbpw AK47tXm°p-]-bm-Kn-®p≈ Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-

sSbpw \njvTq-c-amb B{I-a-W-Øn¬

emtlm-dnse c≠v ]≈n-I-fn-embn 98

Bfp-Iƒ sIm√-s∏-´p. 1974 apX¬

AapkvenwI-fmbn {]Jym-]n-°-s∏´

]mIn-ÿm-\nse AlvaZn-Iƒ°v Xß-

fpsS Poh-\pw, hnizm-k-Øn\pw ]≈n-

Iƒ°pw t\sc Ft∏mgpw ojWn \ne-

\n -∂n -cp -∂p. ejvI¿-˛ -C-˛ -PwMvhn,

sPbvsi apl-ΩZv XpS-ßnb {]_e

Xo{h kp∂n hn`m-K-ß-fmWv AXn¬

ap∂n- p-\n-∂-Xv.

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬\n∂v Cu hntZz-j-

Øns‚ Pzme a‰v mK-ß-fn-te°v ]S¿∂v

]nSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ct¥m-t\-

jy-bnepw ate-jy-bnepw AlvaZn-

Iƒs°-Xn-cm-bp≈ hnImcw h¿≤n-®p-h-

cn-I-bm-Wv. s^{_p-hcn 2011 ¬ Ct¥m-

t\-jy-bnse Pmh-bn¬ 1500 Hmfw hcp∂

P\-°q´w ap∂v AlvaZn-Isf sIm√p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. A{I-an-Ifmcpw Xs∂ \oXn-

]o-T-Øn-\pap∂nte-s°-Øn-bn-√. at≤y-

jy-bn -tebpw B{^n-°-bn -tebpw

apkvenw cmPy-ß-fn¬ AlvaZn-Iƒ ASn-

®-a¿Ø-en\pw hnth-N-\-Øn\pw Cc-I-

fm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

C¥y-bnepw AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc

A{I-a-Øns‚ am¿§w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ {]tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂-Xns‚ e£-

W-ßƒ kp∂n akvPn-Zp-I-fn¬\n∂v

hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. JmZnbm\n-Isf \in-

∏n-°pI F∂ hmN-I-sa-gp-Xnb {]tXyI

kw`m-h\ s]ń-Iƒ AhnsS ÿm]n-

®ncn -°p -∂p. F∂m¬ ]mIn -

kvXm\n¬\n∂pw a‰p apkvenw qcn-]£

cmPy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn

C¥y-bn¬ \nb-a-hy-hÿ AlvaZn-

IfpsS ]n≥Xp-W-s°Øp-∂p.1970 se

tIcf sslt°m-SXnbpsS hn[n-bn¬

AlvaZn-Iƒ apkvenwI-fm-sW∂pw CX-

c-apkvenw hn`m-K-ßƒ°v AlvaZn-I-ƒ

Xß-fpsS CkvemanI hy‡nXzw

ssIsøm-gn-b-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘n-°m≥

]mSn-s√∂pw hy‡-am°p∂p-≠v. hn[n-

\ym-b-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p, AlvaZn-

Ifpw apkvenwI-fmWv, ImcWw

Ahcpw a‰p apkvenwI-sf-t]mse

Ckvemans‚ c≠v ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-

fn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-∂-h-cm-Wv : H∂v

k¿hm-[n-]-\m-b A√mlphns‚ GI-

XzØn¬, c≠v {]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv

A√m-lp-hns‚ ZpX\pw Zmk-\p-amWv

F∂ hnizm-kØn¬.

F¶n¬X-s∂bpw C¥y-bn¬

AlvaZn-Iƒ a‰p-]-e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnth-

N-\-ßƒ°pw hnt[-b-cm-hp-∂p-≠v. C¥y-

bnse hnhn[ CkvemanI hn`m-K-ßsf

{]Xn-\n-[m\w sNtø≠ All India Mus-lim Personal Law Board ¬\n∂v Cu

hn`m-KsØ AI-‰n-\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-

Wv. \yq\-]-£-ß-fn¬ \yq\-]-£-amb

AlvaZn-Iƒ Hcp thm´p-_m-¶p-t]m-ep-a-√.

C°m-c-W-Øm¬Xs∂ cmjv{So-b-°mcpw

a‰pw XnI®pw \n w-K-amb \ne-]m-SmWv

kzoI-cn-®phcp-∂-Xv. CXv AlvaZn-I-fn¬

Hcp-Xcw am\-kn-Im-kzmkvYyw krjvSn-

°p-∂p.

Pam -AsØ Ckveman lnμv

AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb kmaqly {`jvSv

{]Jym-]n-®-Xn-\p-tijw ]e AlvaZn-

Isfbpw A\lvaZn apkvenwI-fm-bn-

´p≈ ho´p-S-a-ÿcpw sXmgn¬ Zmb-Icpw

\n¿_-‘-]q¿hw AhnsS\n∂v ]d-™-

b®-Xmbn Btcm-]-W-ap-≠v. sslZ-cm-_m-

Znepw \yqU¬ln-bnepw tIc-f-Ønse

sNdnb ]´-W-ß-fnepw sNdp-InS I®-

hSw \S-Øp∂ AlvaZn-Iƒ Xßƒ°v

D]-t`m-‡m-°sf \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn

]cmXns∏Sp-∂p.

AlvaZn -IfpsS kmº-ØnI

ÿnXnsb D∂w-sh-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]n-d-

Inepw Nne bp‡nbp≠v. Hmtcm

AlvaZnbpw Ahs‚ kmº-ØnI

ÿnXn F¥p-X-s∂-bm-hs´ Ahs‚

hcp-am-\-Øns‚ 16- ¬ Hcp mKw ssZh-

am¿KØn¬ sNe-h-gn-°p-∂p. {]ÿm-\-

Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°mbn Cu

XpI JmZn-bm-\n-te-°mWv Ab-°p-∂-Xv.

AXn-\p-]-dsa Hcp AlvaZn Xs‚ hcp-

am-\-Øns‚ 10¬ Hcp mKw \¬Ip-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ aq-kn Bbn-Xo-cp-

Ibpw ac-Wm-\-¥cw kz¿Kob ivaim-

\-Øn¬ AS°w sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu ivaim\ßƒ JmZn-

bm-\nepw ]mIn-kvXm-\nse d_vhbn-ep-

amWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZv BWv CXv hn`m-h\w sNbvX-

Xv. Xß-fpsS [\-Xym-K-Øn-eqsS aqkn-

bm-Ip∂ Hmtcm hy‡nbpsSbpw

ùXnI-icocw ChnsS AS°w sNø-

s∏-Sp-∂p. ChnsS AS°w sNø-s∏-SpI

F∂Xv kz¿K-Øn-te-°p≈ Sn°-‰m-Wv.

At‚m-Wntbm Kzmƒń-tbdn Xs‚

The Ahmadis: Community, Gender,Politics in Muslim Society F∂

{KŸ-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p;

Hcp AlvaZn-bm-h-W-sa-¶n¬ kmº-

ØnI XymKw hcn-°-W-sa-∂Xv Dd-∏mb

Imcy-am-Wv. Hcp hcp-am-\hpw C√m-Ø-

h¿°v Xo¿®-bmbpw AXn¬ Cf-hp-≠v.

F∂n-cp -∂mepw F{X Zcn - {Z -\m -b

hy‡nbpw Abm-fpsS hcp-am-\-Øn\v

B\p -]m -Xn -I -ambn Pam -A-Øn\v

\¬tI≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. cmPym-¥-c-

X-e-Øn¬, kp∂n-I-fn¬\n∂pw jnbm-

°-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn c-Wm-[n-

Im-ctam cmjv{Sob ]n≥Xp--Wtbm

AlvaZn-Iƒ°n-√. ]›n-ta-jy≥ cmPy-

ß-fnse c-W-Iq-S-ß-fn¬\n-s∂m-gpIn

hcp∂ Nmcn‰n ^≠p-I-fpsS ]n≥_-

ehpw Ah¿°n-√. {]ÿm-\-Øn-\-I-Øp-

\n-∂p≈ [\-k-am-l-c-WsØ am{X-am-W-

h¿ B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xv. XnI®pw P\m-[n-

]Xy hyh-ÿn-Xn-bn-ep≈ \S-Øn-∏n-eq-

sS-bmWv CXv km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu [\-

k-am-l-cW am¿Kw AS-™p-t]m-bm¬

AXv {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\sØ

kmc-ambn _m[n-°pw. kbvZv X≥ho¿

]d-bp∂p; AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ \s´√v

XI¿°p-I-bm-Wv Ah-cpsS e£yw.

AXm-Is´ AwK-ß-fpsS [\-Xym-K-Øn-

emWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ hniz-kn-

°p-∂-Xv, AlvaZn-Isf kmº-Øn-I-ambn

XI¿Øp-I-f-™m-¬ Ah-cpsS hnizm-

khpw AtXm-sSm∏w C¥y-bn¬\n∂v

A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv.

kmap-ZmbnI {`jvSn-t\m-sSm∏w

AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc kmº-ØnI D]-

tcm-[hpw Ac-tß-dp-∂-Xns‚ e£-W-

ß-ƒ ImWp-∂p-≠v. AlvaZn h[q-h-c-∑m-

cpsS \n°mlv I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°m≥

Jmkn-am¿ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂n-√. *kp∂n-

ItfmSv AhcpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fn-ep≈

AlvaZn- Ip-Spw_mw-K-ß-fp-ambn bmsXm-

cp-hn[ kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Spw-

Ifpw \S-Ø-cp-sX-∂mWv D]-tZiw.

sslZ-cm-_m-Znse Pem-Iq®m {]tZ-

iØv GI-tZiw 50,000 \v apI-fn¬

apkvenwI-fp -≠v. Ah¿°n-S -bn¬

IjvSn®v 15 IpSpw-_-ß-fn-embn 100 Hmfw

t]¿ am{X-amWv AlvaZn-I-fm-bp-≈-Xv.

sXl¬° Sow Cu IpSpw-_-ßsf

kμ¿in®t∏mƒ Ah¿ b∏mSn-em-bn-cp-

∂p. Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ Cu dnt∏m¿´-tdmSv

s]mXp-ÿ-e-Øp-sh®v {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥

Xs∂ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p. Xø¬°m-c-\mb 36

hb- p≈ apl-ΩZv C{_mlnw Ch-cpsS

aX-{`m-¥ns‚ NqS-dn-™-bm-fm-Wv. 100

Hmfw hcp∂ Bfp-Iƒ AbmfpsS GI-

h-cp-am-\-am¿K-amb Pem-Iq-®-bn-ep≈

Xø¬IS \in-∏n-®p. Ft∏mƒ, F¥p-

kw- -hn-°p-sa∂v F\n°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-

bmØ Ah-ÿ-bmWv Abmƒ \niz-

kn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ IS B{I-an-°p∂


ka-bØv JmZn-bm-\n-Iƒ Xpe-bs´ F∂

ap{Zm-hm-Iy-amWv Ah¿ apg-°n-s°m-≠n-

cp-∂-Xv. Fs‚ IpSpw-_Øn\v bm-\-I-

amb \nan-j-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p AXv kΩm-

\n-®-Xv. apl-ΩZv C{_mlnw ]d™p.

A[nIw AI-se-b-√msX Xnc-°p-]n-

Sn® A^vk¬ K©v Ih-e-bn-emWv

akvPnsZ AlvaZnøm ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.

Imem-h-ÿ-bn¬\n-∂p≈ kwc-£-W-

Øn-\mbn ]≈n-bpsS ap≥]n¬ Hcp

henb πmÃnIv jo‰v Xq°n-bn-ń-´p-≠v.

AXv Agp-°p-]nSn®Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-

h¿jw ap≥]p-hsc ]≈n-s°mcp Np‰p-

a-Xn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ s]s´-

s∂mcp Znhkw AXv Zpcq-l-ambcoXn-

bn¬ XI¿∂phoWp. aXn¬ ho≠pw

\n¿an-°m-\p≈ {iaw {]tZ-isØ

hntZzjn-I-ƒ òj-Wn-s∏-SpØn XS-bp-

IbpwsNbvXp.

temIsØ H´pan° ]≈n-I-fp-

sSbpw IhmSßƒ an°-hmdpw Xpd-∂m-

Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Chn-SpsØ

akvPnsZ AlvaZn-ø-bpsS hmXn-ep-Iƒ

Ft∏mgpw AS-™mWv InS-°p-∂-Xv.

AXns‚ {]th-i-\-I-hm-S-Øn¬ Hcp

t]meokv tIm¨Ã-_n-fns‚ km∂n-[y-

ap-≠v. Abmƒ Hcp A\lvaZn apkvenam-

Wv. Cu ]≈n-bpsS timN-\o-bm-h-ÿ-

bpsS Imc-W-sa-s¥-∂m-cm-™-t∏mƒ

H´pw A\p-I-º-bn-√msX adp-]Sn h∂p,

CXm-W-h¿ A¿ln-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿

\n¿_-‘-]q¿hw apkvenw ]≈n-Iƒ

Iø-S-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ah¿°p≈

icn-bmb CSw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-

tºmƒ hne-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

sXl¬I Sow ]≈n-bpsS t^mt´m FSp-

°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏m-tg°pw t]meo-kp-

Im¿ {]tIm-]n-X-cm-bn. \n-ßƒ Chn-sS-

\n∂v DS-s\- t]m-bn-s√-¶n¬ \nß-fpsS

Imcyhpw _p≤n-ap-ń-em-hpw AXn-sem-

cmƒ ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-\¬In.

akvPnsZ AlvaZn-ø°v AIØv

{]tXy-In®v {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfm∂pw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. IjvSn®v 48 NXp-c-{i-

ASn am{X-ap≈ sNdnb apdn-°p-≈n¬

]≈n-bpsS Npa-X-e-°m-c-\mb auehn

kmZn am{X-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp A]-

ISw GXp-t\-chpw ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°-ep-

s≠∂v At±-l-Øn-\-dn-bmw. Rßƒs°-

Xnsc h¿≤n-®ph-cp∂ B{I-a-WsØ

Bfn-°-Øn-°p-∂Xv cmjv{So-b-°m-cm-Wv

At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. 2009 se Akwªn

Xnc -s™-Sp -∏n¬ Ak-Zp -±o≥

HsshknbpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ MIM\v apkvenwIƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ kzm[o\w

h≥tXm-Xn¬ \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

CPM Bbn-cp∂p henb t\ -ap-≠m-°n-

b-Xv. AlvZnIƒ aX-Øn\v henb oj-

Wn-bm-sW∂v apkvenwIƒ°n-S-bn¬

{]Nm-cWw \S-Øn-s°m≠v Hsshkn

\s‚ hn[n am‰n-sb-gp-Xn-°m\p≈ ]cn-

{i-aØnem-Wv. Abmƒ apkvenw ktlm-

Z-c-∑msc Rßƒs°-Xnsc H∂n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\v aXsØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

{]Xo -£n -® -Xp -t]mse MIM{]knU‚pw sslZ-cm-_mZv Fw ]nbp-

amb Hssh-kn-bpsS ImgvN-∏mSv as‰m-∂m-

Wv. AlvaZnøm aX-Øns‚ ÿm]-

Is\]‰n At±lØns‚ at\m-hn-em-

kßfpw hnizm-k-ßfpw ]cn-lm-ky-am-

sWv∂mWv Hsshkn ]dbp∂Xv. Rm≥

sXl¬° F∂ t]cn¬ Ft‚-Xmb

Hcp amK-kn≥ A®-Sn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

\nßƒs°-¥p-tXm∂pw? AXv ]I¿∏-h-

Im-i- \nb-a-ß-fpsS ewL-\-am-hnt√?

Ah¿°v thW-sa-¶n¬ Hcp ]pXnb

aXw XpS -ßmw. F∂m¬ Ah¿

Ckvemans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ß-fn¬

am‰w hcp-Øm\mWv {ia-sa-¶n¬ Hcp-X-

c-Ønepw AXv hI-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥

Ign-bn-√.

Hsshkn Xs‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬ Dd-

®p-\n¬°p-∂p. F∂m¬ `c-W-L-S\

AlvaZn-Iƒ°v Xp√y Ah-Im-i-amWv

\¬Ip-∂Xv F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Npcp-

ßn -bXv sslZ-cm -_mZn -se-¶nepw

AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb hntZzj {]N-

cWw Ac-tß-dp-∂Xv cmjv{Sob t\Xr-

Xz -Øn-s‚bpw \nb-a- ]-cn -c -£W

GP≥kn-I-fp-tSbpw cW \n¿hlW

kwhn-[m-\-hp-ambn tbmPn-®p≈ \o°-

Øn-eq-sSbmsW∂tXm∂-em-Wp-f-hm-

°p-∂-Xv. HmƒUv kn‰n-bnse Hcp Akn-

Ã‚ v t]meokv IΩo-j-W-dpsS ]cp-°≥

kao-]-\-sØ-Ip-dn®v AlvaZn-Iƒ ]d-bp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp apkvenamb At±lw

AlvaZn-Iƒ aX-]-c-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ

]≈n°v ]pdØv sh®v \S-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-

Xnsc Xm°oXv \¬Ip-Ibpw adn-®m-sW-

¶n¬ P\-°q- -Øns‚ tcmjm·n t\cn-

tS-≠n-h-cp-sa∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-I-bp-

amWv sNbvX-Xv.

C¥y-bnepw Nne-sc-¶nepw ]mIn-

kvXm-\nse aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS am\-

kn-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te°v XmZmflyw {]m]n-

®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv Atß-b‰w Zu¿`m-

Ky-I-c-am-Wv. auehn kmZn ]d-bp-∂p.

Hcp AlvaZn Hcn-°epw Xs∂, Xm\mWv

BZyw B{I-an-°-s∏- Xv F¶n¬t∏mepw,

A{I-a-Øns‚ ]mX kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn-√.

Rß-fpsS G‰hpw henb IcpØv

AXm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXns\ Hcp Zu¿_-

ey-am-bmWv ]ecpw Icp-Xp-∂-Xv.

`cW \b-ßfn¬ am‰w hcpØn

Ah AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xn-cm°n Xo¿°p-

∂-Xn-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿hamb {ia-ßfpw

\S-°p-∂p-≠v. PΩp- -I-ivao-cnse {Km‚ v

ap vXn apl-ΩZv _io-dp-±o≥ C°-gn™

sabv amk-Øn¬ kwÿm\ Akw-ªn-

tbmSv AlvaZn-Isf AapkvenwI-fmbn

{]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v \nbaw ]mkm-°-W-

sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. PΩp-

I-ivao-cn¬ JmZn-bm-\n-k-Øns‚ kzm[o-

\-Øn¬ Imcy-amb h¿≤-\-hmWv D≠m-

bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CkvemanI ico-

AØv Iu¨kn¬ BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬

JmZn -bm -\n -Iƒ AapkvenwIƒ

BsW∂v hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

AXn-\m¬ JmZn-bm-\n-Isf Aapkvenw

Iƒ F∂ ]Z-hn-bn-te°v am‰pI hgn

Iivao-cnse P\-ß-fpsS Bi-¶-Iƒ ]cn-

l-cn-°s∏Spw. {Km‚ v ap vXn ]d-bp-∂p.

ChnsS t]meokpw kwÿm\ c-W-

kw-hn-[mhpw F√mw ]q¿W-ambn CØ

cw kΩ¿Zßƒ°v hgn-s∏´p F∂√ ]d-

™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. sabv amk-Øn¬ Xan-gv\m-

ńse Xncp-∏q-cn¬ sh®v \S∂ AlvaZn-

I-fpsS Hcp s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-\p-

t\sc CkvemanI Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS

B{I-a-W-ap-≠m-bn. t]mÃ-dp-Iƒ hen-®p-

Io-dp-Ibpw \nμy-amb ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ßƒ

apg-°p-Ibpw ]cn-]mSn Ae-t¶m-e-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t]meokv ka-tbm-

Nn-X-ambn CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw Ahn-sS-\n∂v

AlvaZn IpSpw-_-ßsf 30 Intem-ao-‰¿

AI-se- tImb-º-Øq-cn-te°v kpc-£n-

X-ambn FØn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Nne aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿ AlvaZn-

Iƒs°-Xn-cmb i{XpX {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

tImf\nhXvI-c-W-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bp≈

ka-cw F∂-\n-e-°m-Wv. AlvaZn-øm-{]-

ÿm-\-Øns‚ A¥m-cmjv{S Bÿm\w

e≠-\n-em-sW-∂-Xp-Xs∂ {_n ojv _‘-

Øn\v sXfn-hm-sW∂v Ah¿ hmZn-°p-

∂p. {_n-ójv `c-W-Im-eØv apkvenw

kap-Zm-b-Øn\v £X-ta¬∏n-°pI F∂

e£y-tØmsS cq]-I¬∏\ sNø-s∏-´-

XmWv AlvaZn-ø-Øv F∂v Ah¿

Btcm]n°p∂p.

CsXmcp AXn-cp-I-S∂ hmZ-am-bn-cn-

°m-sa-¶nepw 1857 se Iem-]-Øn-\p-

tijw C¥y-bnse apkvenw kap-Zm-

bsØ hn`-Pn-°p-∂Xn\pw Pnlm-Zns\

Hcp kmbp-[-k-a-c-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ \ncm-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v an¿k


Kpemw AlvaZn\v {_nójv `c-W-Iq-S-

Øns‚ t{]m’m-l\w e`n-®n-cp∂p

F∂ hnizmkw A\lvaZn

apkvenwIƒ°nS-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-

≠v. At±lØns‚ {KŸßfn¬

\n∂p≈ Nne ]cma¿ißsfSpØv Cu

Bt£]Øn\v sXfnhmbn Ah¿

Db¿ØnImWn°p∂p.

]Sn-™m-d≥ cmPy-ß-fp-ambpw a‰p

kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-ambpw Xpd-∂-a-\-t msS

kwh-Zn -°m-\p≈ lrZ-b-hn-im-eX

ImcWw Ah¿ ]oV-\-ßƒ°n-c-bmhp-

∂-Xmbn AlvaZn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

AlvaZn-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb ]pXnb

Btcm-]Ww Ah¿ kntbm-WnÃv

GP‚mWv F∂-Xm -Wv . [mcmfw

AlvaZnøm anj-W-dn-am¿ JmZn-bm-

\n¬\n∂v ]me-kvXo-\nse Ad-_n-

Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hnizm-k-{]-N-cWw \S-

ØnbXns‚ êambn AhnsS

AlvaZnøØn\v henb kzoImcyX

e`n®p. Nne Ckveman-I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS

A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ C¥ybn¬\n∂v C{km-

tb¬ hgn ]me-kvXo -\n -te°v

AlvaZnømhnizm-k-Øns‚ X{¥-]-c-

amb Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. Ah¿ CXns\

henb òj-Wn-bpw C{km-tb-ens‚

cmjv{So-b-X{¥hpam-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ CsX√mw ]gb sslZ-cm-

_m-Znse P\-\n-_n-V-amb sXcp-hn-I-

fn¬\n∂pw JmZn-bm-\nse s]mSn-]n-Sn®

CS-h-gn-bn¬\n∂pw C¥y-bnse ]e

]pcmX\ tdmam km{amPyØnss‚

XI¿® bptdm∏n¬ Hcp cmjv{Sob

iq\yX krjvSn®ncp∂p. B iq\yX

\nIØns°m≠mWv bqtdm∏n¬

{InkvXpaXw Hcp cmjv{Sob i‡nbmbn

Db¿∂p h∂Xv. tIm¨kv‰‚bn≥

N{Ih¿Øn (F.Un. 306˛337)bpsS

{InkvXpaX kzoIcWtØmsSbmWv

tdmam km{amPyhpw {InkvXpaX

hpambp≈ _m‘hw Bcw`n°p∂Xv.

Xs‚ Xeÿm\w tdmans‚ Ing°v

`mKØp≈ Xp¿°nbnse ss_km‚n

bw F∂ ]pcmX\ {Ko°v \Kcnbnte°v

At±lw am‰n. Xs‚ t]cns‚ kvacW

\ne\n¿Øm≥ tIm¨kv‰m‚nt\m∏nƒ

F∂ t]cp \¬In. (tIm¨kv‰‚

bns‚ \Kcw F∂¿Yw˛ C∂sØ

CkvXmw_qƒ) tIm¨kv‰m‚nt\m∏nƒ

Bÿm\ambn Ing°≥ tdmam

km{amPyhpw AYhm ss_km‚nbw

km{amPyw F∂pw tdmw Bÿm\ambn

]Sn™md≥ tdmamkm{amPyhpw

Aßs\ \nehn¬ h∂p. tdma

km{amPyØns‚ HutZymKnIaXw

{InkvXpaXambn tIm¨kv‰‚bn≥

N{Ih¿Øn {]Jym]n®p.

]Sn™md≥ tdmw N{Ih¿Ønbp

sS t\cn´p≈ `cWØnembncp∂n√.

ssa{Xm∑mscbmbncp∂p N{Ih¿

Øn°v ]Icw AhnsS cWw \SØm≥

\nban®Xv. Ah¿°v aPnkvt{S‰ns‚

A[nImchpw \¬In. tdma km{amPy

Ønse h≥ tXmXnep≈ ss{IkvXh

kamPßsf ]m{Xnbm°okpIƒ

F∂mbncp∂p hnfn®ncp∂Xv. AXns‚

ta[mhnIfmbncp∂p ssat{Xm t]meoØ

AYhm ssa{Xm≥. tdmw, AeIvkm¨

{≠nb A¥ntbm°ym apXemb

A°mesØ ]m{Xnbm°okpIfmbncp

∂p. F√m ]m{Xnbmt°‰pIfpw Xpeym

[nImcßfp≈ kzX{¥ ÿm]\ßfm

bncp∂p. ]n∂oSv {ItaW cmjv{Sobm[n

Imchpw kmºØnI tijnbpw

ssIhcn®v tdma≥ ]m{Xnbm°v tdma≥

N{Ih¿ØnbpsS klmbtØmsS

t]m∏ns‚ ]Zhnte°pbcpIbmbncp∂p.

Cu ImeL´Øn¬ tdmam km{amPy

Øns‚ hSt° AXn¿Øn°∏pdw

A{IaW kz`mhap≈ Hcp P\X

hkn®ncp∂p. A]cnjvIrXcmb Ch¿

_m¿t_dnb∑m¿ F∂mbncp∂p

hnfn°s∏ńcp∂Xv. P¿am\n°v hwi

PqXP\Xbpw B[p\nI Imehpw˛6

aXhnap‡amb bqtdm∏pwblqZhntamN\hpw

{InkvXp aXØns‚ kzm[o\Øn¬ \n∂v hnap‡amb

sk°pe¿ bptdm ∏mWv blqZ ]oV\Øn\v AdpXnhcp

ØnbXv. bqtdm]y≥ \thm∞m\Øn\v kam¥cambn blqZ

kapZmbØn¬ D≠mb"lkvIemØv ' F∂ kmwkvI cnI

DW¿hv blqZcn¬ B`y¥c ]cnjv°cWhpw tZiob apJy[mc

tbmSv ASp°m\p≈ {]hWXbpw kwPmXam°n.

teJ\w

sNdp-]- -W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Gsd AI-se-

bp≈ Imcyam-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv C¥y-

bnse AlvaZn-Iƒ, km[m-c-W-°m-cmb

P\-ßƒ, Ah-cpsS XnI®pw km[m-c-W-

amb {]Xo-£-Ifpw kz]v\-ß-fpw, `b-

∏m-Sp-I-fp-ambn Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. Chn-sS-

bmWv Ah¿ \ni-_vZ-ambn, Nne-t∏mƒ

A√m-sXbpw A[nt£]-ßƒ kln-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kzbw {]Xntcm[-Øn-

\m-bmWv Ch¿ hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶n¬

AsXmcp Zpc-¥-am-bn-Øo¿t∂°pw.

hnh¿Ø\w: AlvaZv jm^n. F®v.

G. Fw aplΩZv keow


Pcmb _m¿t_dnb∑m¿ tdmant\bpw

C‰entbbpw CS°nsS B{Ian®p

sIm≠ncp∂p. ]n∂oSv Ckvemans‚

A{][ntcm[yamb i‡n°v apºn¬

hndßen®p \n∂ Ing°≥ tdmam

km{amPyØn\v ]Sn™md≥ tdmans\

{i≤n°m\mbn√. Cu kmlNcy

ßsf√mw D]tbmKs∏SpØnbmWv

tdmanse {InkvXpk` hºn® Hcp

cmjv{Sob i‡nbmbn bqtdm∏n¬

DZbw sIm≠Xv. X{¥imenbpw

_p≤nam\pambncp∂ {KnKdn H∂ma≥

(590˛604) am¿]m∏ _m¿t_dnb≥

h¿K°mcmb sew_m¿UpIsf

(Lombards) k‘n kw`mjWß

fneqsS A\p\bn∏n®v kam[m\w

ÿm]n®tXmsS am¿∏m∏bpsS

t\XrXzw C‰enbnse cmjv{Sob

afiew AwKoIcn°pIbpw t]∏¬

`cWØn\v ASnÿm\anSpIbpw

sNbvXp.

F´mw \q‰m≠n¬ t]m∏v entbm

aq∂mas‚ ImeØv t]m∏ns‚

i{Xp°fmb sew_m¿Uv cmPm°∑m¿

At±lsØ tdman¬ \n∂v ]pdØm°p

sabn≥ F. Un. 800˛am≠n¬ C‰en

bnse Hcp ]≈nbn¬ ap´pIpØn

{]m¿Yn®psIm≠ncn°th t]m∏v entbm

At±lØns‚ inc n¬ bmsXmcp

ap∂dnbn∏pan√msX IocnSaWnbn®p

A\p{Kln°pIbpw hnip≤ tdmam

km{amPyØns‚ km{am´mbn At±l

sØ {]Jym]n°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Aßs\ Ncn{XØns‚ hnkvarXnbn

te°v ad™p t]mbncp∂ bqtdm∏nse

]pcmX\ tdmam km{amPysØ hnip≤

tdmam km{amPyØneqsS ]p\ÿm]n

°m≥ {InkvXp k`°v Ign™p. cW

\n]pW\pw i‡\pw klrZb\p

ambncp∂ Nm¿esabn≥ blqZnItfmSv

hfsc DZmcambn´mWv s]cpamdnbncp

∂Xv F∂Xv {]tXyIw kvacWobamWv.

bqtdm∏n¬ BńbI‰nb blqZnIsf

At±lw Xs‚ km{amPyØnte°v

£Wn®p hcpØn IpSnbncpØp

Ibp≠mbn. Xs‚ hy‡n]camb

kz`mhhntijØns‚ `mKambn

G√mhtcmSpw HuZmcytØmsS

s]cpamdnb Nm¿esabn≥ blqZnI

tfmSpw hfsc am\yXbmWv s]cp

amdnbXv. blqZ hntcm[w {InkvXym\n

IfpsS P\nXI LS\bn¬ ap{ZnXamb

Hcp kmaply {]Xn`mkambncp∂p.

Nm¿esabn\p tijw blqZ ]oV\w

\n¿_m[w XpS¿∂p. hnip≤ tdmam

km{amPyw F∂ ]Zhn {InkvXp

k`bpsS Zm\w F∂ \ne°v aX]camb

Hcp ]cnthjØnemWv \nehn¬h∂Xv.

{^m≥kv Bÿm\amb Nm¿esabn

\ns‚ hnimeamb hnip≤ tdmam

km{amPyw ]n∂oS v On∂`n∂

amsb¶nepw {InkvXp k`bn¬ \n∂pw

e`n® Zm\w F∂\ne°v ]n∂oSp≠mb

cmPyßsf√mw {InkvXpk`°v

hnt[bambn´mbncp∂p `cWw

\SØnbXv. ItØmen°m k`s°Xnsc

Iem]w Agn®phn´ am¿ń≥ eqXdpsS

kn≤m¥ßƒ ItØmen°cptSXn

t\°mƒ ]n¥ncn∏\pw bmYmÿnXnI

hpambncp∂p. blqZtcmSp≈ epYd≥

at\m`mhw H´pw Abhp≈Xmbn

cp∂n√. Nm¿esabn\p tijw Bbnc

Øne[nIw h¿jw cmjv{Sob cwKØv

{InkvXpaXØns‚ kzm[o\w XpS¿∂p.

800˛mam≠n¬ Nm¿esabn \neqsS

{InkvXp k`XpS°w Ipdn® hnip≤

tdmam km{amPyw {^m≥knse

s\t∏mfnb≥ t_mtWm∏m neqsSbmWv

1806 ¬ Ahkm\n®Xv. aXm[njvTnX

amb btdm∏ns‚ Cu ]›mØeØn

emWv blqZ∑mcpsS ]oV\ßƒ°v

thZnbmbXv. a≤yImeL´Øn¬

]ucXzhpw `cWIqShpw XΩnep≈

_‘w \n¿Wbn®Xv {InkvXpaXØn

s‚bSnÿm\Ønembncp∂p.

\thm∞m\whnip≤ tdmam km{amPyw \nehn¬

h∂Xn\v tijw bqtdm∏nse cmPy

ßfpsS A[nImcsØ kw_‘n®

X¿°w Db¿∂ph∂p. {InkvXp

k`bpsS ]utcmlnXyw Hcp mKØpw

cmPm[n]Xyw adp`mKØp\n∂pw

A[nImcØn\v th≠n hSwhen

\SØn. BXvamhv icoctØ°mƒ

t{ijvTambXn\m¬ ]utcmlnXyamWv

cmPXztØ°mƒ t{ijvTXcsa∂ hmZw

{InkvXp k` Db¿Øn. a≤yImeL´

ØnepS\ofw {InkvXp k`cmP[n

ImctØ°mƒ ta¬ssI t\Sn .

bqtdm]y≥ cmPyßfn¬ k`bpsS

A[nImc ]cn[nbn¬ ]ehn[Ønep≈

\nbaßfpw Dƒs∏ńcp∂p. ]cam[n

Imcn ]et∏mgpw k`Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

P\ßfpsS at\m`mhhpw k`°v

hnt[bs∏´p sIm≠p≈Xmbncp∂p.

Aßs\ a\pjy kzmX{¥ytØbpw

_p≤n]camb {]h¿Ø\tØbpw

sIńhcn™p AS°n `cn® k`

km[mcW a\pjycpsSbpw {]tXyIn®v

blqZnIfpsSbpw kzmX{¥yØns‚

G‰hpw henb A¥Icmbn amdn.

{InkvXp aX ta[mhnXzw sIm≠v

s]mdpXnapńb bqtdm∏nse km[mc

W°m¿ XØz ⁄m\nIfpsSbpw

kmwkv°mcnI t\Xm°∑mcpsSbpw

t\XrXzØn¬ a\pjyØzØn s‚bpw

ss[jWnI {]_p≤XbpsSbpw

{]tNmZ\Øm¬ \SØnb kmaqlnI

amb D∞m\ambncp∂p \thm∞m\w

{InkvXpaXØns\Xnsc sk°pedn

kØns‚bpw hnPbambncp∂p AXv.

imkv{Xob Nn¥, imkv{Xobamb I≠p

]nSpØßƒ, ]pXnb cmPyßƒ

Is≠Øm\p≈ kap{Z ]cythj

Wßƒ, ]pXnb Nn¥m[mcIfpsS

Bhnjv°mcßƒ, s{]m´kv‰‚nk

Øn¬ Iemin® aX\hoIcW

{]ÿm\w (Reforamation Movement)ItØmen°m k`bn¬ Xs∂bp≠mb

{]Xn\hoIcWw (Counter Reforma-tion) F∂nhsb√mw \thm∞m\Øn\v

B°w Iqń.. Ahkm\w Atacn°≥

hnπhw {^©v hnπhw apXemb alm

hnπhßfn¬ \thm∞m\w. FØn

t®¿∂p. {InkvXpaXØns‚bSnÿm

Ibp≠mbn. entbm aq∂ma≥ hnip≤

]t{Xmkns‚ t]cn¬ \SØnb

A`y¿Y\ am\n®v bqtdm]y≥

Ncn{XØnse hnJymX\mb {^m¶njv

km{am´ v Nm¿esabn≥ (766˛814)

C‰enbn¬ CSs]´p. C‰enbnse

AcmPIXzw Ahkm\n∏n®p t]m∏ns\

XncnsI tdma≥ knwlmk\Øn¬

]p\{]XnjvTn®p. bqtdm∏nse apgph≥

cmPyßsfbpw GIoIcn®p. bqtdm∏n

s\bmsI Dƒs°m≈p∂ Hcp km{amPy

am°n am‰m≥ Ign™ i‡\mb cWm

[nImcnbmbncp∂p Nm¿esabn≥.

am¿]m∏bpsS knwlmk\w hos≠Sp

ØXn\v {]Xyp]Imcambn AXpey

hy‡n{]`mh ap≠mbncp∂ Nm¿e

Nm¿esabn≥


\Øn¬ sIń∏SpØ bqtdm]y≥

kmaqlnI kwhn[m\w BsI XInSw

adn™p. {InkvXpaXØn\v ]Icw

bqtdm∏nse hnhn[ P\h¿Kßƒ

XßfpsS tZiobXbpsS ASnÿm\

Øn¬ ]p\kwLSn°m≥ Bcw`n°p

Ibpw AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

tZicmjv{Sßƒ Bhn¿`hn°pIbpw

sNbvXp. aXØn\v ]Icw tZiobX

kaqlØns‚ ss\XnIXbpw cmjv{S

Øns‚ [m¿anIXbpambn amdn .

cmjv{Sob LS\ tZiobcmjv{Sßƒ°v

hgnamdn. k`bpw kaqlhpw F∂Xn\v

]Icw aX]camb ]cnKWIfn√mØ

]uc\pw cmjv{Shpw F∂ coXnbn¬

AXv XncpØnsbgpXs∏´p. aXm[n

jvTnXambncp∂ bqtdm∏v {InkvXpa

XsØ XqsØdn™psIm≠v sk°pe

dnkØnte°pw tZiobXbnte°pw

IpXn®p. hy‡nbpw kaqlhpw

XΩnep≈ kmaplnI Icmdns‚bSn

ÿm\ØnemWv ]ucXzw \n¿Wbn°

s∏Sp∂Xv F∂ cmjv{Sob Z¿i\w

bqtdm]y≥ kaqlØn¬ thtcmSn.

Po≥ PmIznkv dqt mbpsS kmaq

ly°cm¿ (Social Contract) F∂

{KŸw btdm∏ns‚ thZ]pkvX Iambn

amdn . Cu aX]cb s]mfns®gp

Øns‚bpw XInSw adn®nens‚bp

sa√mw G‰hpw henb KpWt`m‡m

°ƒ blqZnIfmbncp∂p {InkvXp

aXØns‚ kzm[o\w bqtdm∏nse

kmaqlnI panIbn¬ \n∂pw am™p

t]mIp∂Xv G‰hpw BizmkIcambn

`hn®Xv blpZnIƒ°mbncp∂p.

\thm∞m\ ImeØpw AXn\v

tijhpap≠mb atXXc kmaqly

Z¿i\ßƒs°√mw blqZ ]finX

∑m¿ A\¬∏amb kw`mh\IfmWv

\¬InbXv. \ th∞m\Øn\nsS

hf¿∂ph∂ skv°pednkv‰v Nn¥Ifp

sS hf¿® blqZcpsS AXnPoh\Øn

s‚ {]iv\w IpSnbmbncp∂p.

lkv°emØvlkv°emØvlkv°emØvlkv°emØvlkv°emØv\thm∞m\Øn\v kam¥cambn

bqtdm∏nse blpZ kapZmbØnepw

DW¿hns‚bpw Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏n

s‚bpw Ne\ßfp≠mbn . CXns\

bmWv "lkv°emØv' F∂v ]dbp∂Xv.

"⁄m\]camb {]_p≤X'F∂mWv

Cu ln{_p ]ZØns‚ A¿Yw

bqtdm∏n¬ Kt´m F∂dnbs∏Sp∂

AXy¥w hrØnlo\hpw bmYmÿn

XnIhpamb tImf\nIfnembncp∂p

blpZ¿ H‰s∏´p Xmakn®ncp∂Xv.

at‰sXmcp kapZmb sØ°mfpw

]utcmlnXyhpw X¬apZnkv‰v auenI

hmZhpw bmYmÿnXnIXzhpw blqZ

kapZmbsØ AS°n hmWncp∂

a≤yImeØv ln{_phpw ss__nfp

a√msX bqtdm∏nse blpZnIƒ

as‰m∂pw ]Tn°m≥ Iq´m°nbn√.

bptdm∏nse Hcp cmPyØpw Ah¿ apJy

[mcbnte°v h∂n√. Dƒhen™v

A¥¿apJcpw hwim`nam\nIfpambn

°gn™ncp∂ blpZnIƒ ]n

t∂m°mhÿbnembncp∂p. ]n∂oSv

bqtdm]y≥ \thm∞m\Øns‚

IncWßƒ sas√ blqZnIfnte°v

Acn®ndßn. AXmbncp∂p lkv°

emØv. P¿a\nbnembncp∂p lkv°

emØv BZyw ]pjv°eambXv .

blpZnIƒ°v aX]camb bmYmÿn

XnIXzØn¬ \n∂pw \thm∞m\w

aptJ\ kwPmXamb ]pXnb kmaqln

Imhÿsb kzmwioIcn°m\pw

lkvIemØv klmbIambn. CXmWv

]n∂oSv blpZnIfpsS cmjv{Sob

hntamN\Øn (Emancipation)te°v

\bn®Xv . hnizkmlnXyØn¬

alØmb kw`mh\If¿∏n® XØzim

kv{X⁄\pw blqZ bmYmÿnXn

IXzØns\Xnsc B™Sn® hn{Kl

`RvI\pamb U®v XØz⁄m\n _dqNv

kv]nt\mk (Barukh Spinoza 1632˛1677)blqZ \thm∞m\Øns‚ {]mXkvac

Wob\mWv. bqtdm∏n¬ sk°pednkv‰v

Bibßƒ°v {]Nmcw \¬Im≥

kv]nt\mkbpsS bp‡nhmZ Ønepw

a\pjyX zØnepa[ nj vT nXamb

Nn¥Iƒ°v henb ]¶p≠v. blqZaX

Øn\v B[p\nIXbpsS shfn®w

]Icm≥ CXv klmbIcambn. blqZ

kapZmbsØbp tdm∏nse s]mXp

kaqlhpambn IpńbnW°m≥

{]bXv\n® as‰cp blqZ ]cnjv°¿

Ømhmbncp∂p P¿a≥ Imc\mbncp∂

tamk v sa‚¬ tkml≥ (MosesMental Sohen). kv]nt\mkbn¬

\n∂pw hn`n∂ambn PpXaXØn¬

A`nam\w sIm≠ Ct±lw XnI®pw

aX]camb ]cn[nbn¬ \n∂psIm≠p

Xs∂ blpZcn¬ B[p\nIXbpsS

ssNX\yw ]Icm≥ IgnhXpw {ian®p.

B[p\nI PqX≥ (Modern Jew)F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ sa≥U¬ tkml≥

atXXcamb sk°pe¿ Bibßfn¬

BIrjvS\mbncp∂p. s]mXp kaqlhp

ambp≈ blqZnIfpsS IqSn°ec¬

PpXaXØns‚ \ntj[a√ F∂v

blqZ kapZmbsØ At±lw

]Tn∏n®p. ln{_phn\v ]Icw bn±njv

`mj ]Tn∏n°pIbpw B[p\nI

hnjbßfpw imkv{Xhpw ]Tn°m≥

blpZsc Blzm\w sNøpIbpw

sNbvXp. P¿a\nbnse hniz{]kn≤

^ntemk^¿ CΩm\ph¬ Im‚ v

sa‚¬ tkmls‚ kplrØmbn

cp∂p. tkmls‚ kplrØp°fpw

Nn¥mtemIsØ sk°pe¿ t\Xm°

fpamb {InkvXym\nIƒ blqZ

]oV\ßfpw aXm[n]Xyhpw Ahkm

\n∏n°m≥ Blzm\w sNbvXhcmbn

cp∂p. bptdm]y≥ \thm∞m\Øn\v

kam¥cambn DSseSpØ PqX∑mcpsS

lkv°emØv Jp¿B≥ hnhcn®

P\ßfpambp≈ Icmdns‚ ASnÿm\

Ønep≈ blpZ hntamN\Øn\v

\mμnIpdn®p.( XpScpw)Reference:

1.Jews God and History- Max -I. Dimont,2. Religious Encyclopeadia under the titleof ‘Jewish thought and Philosophy’, 3 Storyof Civilisation - Will Durant, 4 History ofPolitical Theories -William Archibald Dun-ning. vol 1, 5 t]∏kn: Ncn{X ]camb ]T\w,

tPmk^v ]pen°t∂¬,7 hnip≤ ss__nƒ,

8 hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

9 temI Ncn{Xw: s{]m^: {io[c≥, sI.]n

tZhZmkv.

tamk v sa‚¬ tkml≥ kv]nt\mk


Atacn°bpsS _lncmImi

GP≥knbmb \mk 2011 \h: 26 \v

hnt£]n® Mars Science LaboratoryF∂v HutZymKnI \maap≈ Iyqcntbm

kn‰n BKkv‰v 7˛mw XobXn C¥y≥

kabw 11.02 \v sNmΔbnendßp

Ibp≠mbn. CXn\v apºv \nch[n

sNmΔm ZuXyßƒ \mk \SØnbn´p

s≠¶nepw 250 tImSn tUmf¿(13,750

tImSn cq]) Nnehv hcp∂ Cu sNmΔm

ZuXyw AXoh k¶o¿Whpw

\qX\hpamb em‚nßv kwhn[m\

ambXn\memWv Iyqcntbmkn‰n ZuXyw

A`nam\Icamb t\ámbn imkv{X

temIw IW°m°p∂Xv. a\pjy≥

N{μ\nendßnbXn\v tijap≈

_lncmImi imkv{XcwKsØ h≥

imkv{X apt∂‰ambn CXv hnebncp

Øs∏Sp∂p. \mk hnt£]n®

Iyqcntbmkn‰n 254 Znhkw sIm≠v 57

tImSn Intemao‰¿ k©cn®mWv

`qanbn¬ \n∂pw sNmΔbnseØnbXv.

`qanbn¬ \n∂pw sNmΔbnte°p≈

icmicn Zpcw 7.8 tImSn In. ao‰dmWv.

(Ipd™Xv 3.6 tImSn In. ao‰dpw

IqSnbXv 25 tImSn In. ao‰dpw).

Np‰n°dßnbp≈ ]mXbmbXv

sIm≠mWv C{Xb[nIw Zqcw Xm≠n

Iyqcntbmkn‰n sNmΔbnseØnbXv.

ap≥Ime sNmΔm ZuXyt]SIßfmb

am¿kv HUokn, kv]ncn‰v Hm∏¿Nyq

Wn‰n F∂nhsb At]£n®v

Iyqcntbmkn‰n°v hen∏hpw `mchpw

(899 In. {Kmw) IqSpw. ap≥ t]SIßƒ

Fb¿ _mKpIfp]tbmKn®mWv

sNmΔbnendßnbsX¶n¬ BImi

s{Ibn≥ kwhn[m\amWv Iyqcn

tbmkn‰n°vth≠n D]tbmKn®Xv.

hnt£]W hml\Øn¬ \n∂pw

th¿s]´v AXn thKØn¬ sNmΔbnd

ßp∂ t]SIw {Iam\pKXambn thKw

Ipd®p sIm≠v ss\tem¨ NcSp

]tbmKn®psIm≠mWv sNmtΔm]cn

XeØnendßnbXv.

sNmΔbn¬ Poh≥ Dt≠m F∂

At\zjWamWv Iyqcntbmkn‰nbpsS

apJy ZuXyw. sNmΔbnse a[y taJe

bnse 154 In. ao‰¿ hnkvXo¿Wap≈

tK¬ (Gale) F∂v t]cn´ t{I‰dn (Cra-ter) emWv Iyqcntbmkn‰n CdßnbXv.

t{I‰¿ F∂m¬ tImSm\ptImSn h¿jw

apºv GtXm Bkvt{SmbvSv sNmΔm

{KlØn¬ h∂nSn®t∏mgp≠mb h≥

K¿ØamWv. Cu h≥ Ipgnbn¬ ]≠v

ImeØv {ZhPew HgpInbXns‚bpw

Pohs‚ kv^pcWßƒ Actßdn

bXns‚bpw ASbmfßƒ I≠pIn´p

sa∂ {]Xo£bnemWv Iyqcntbm

kn‰nsb Cu Ipgnbnend°m≥

ImcWw. Poh\v Bhiyamb

LSIßƒ AhnsS \ne\n¬°p

∂pt≠m, F∂XmWv Iyqcntbmkn

‰nbpsS At\zjW hnjbw. Poh≥

PesØ B{ibn®p≈Xn\m¬

{ZhPeØns‚ km∂n≤yw Bcmb

emWv Poh≥ At\zjWØns‚

ImXemb `mKw. ]pcmX\ ImeØv

AØcw Ahÿ \ne\n∂ncp∂pthm

F∂pw Iyqcntbmkn‰n At\zjn°pw.

GXmbmepw `qan°v ]pdsabp≈

_lncmImiw kvs‰dnssekv

sNøs∏´ ikv{X {Intbm]Ic

Wwt]mse PohmWp clnXa√ F∂v

imkv{XØn\v Ct∏mƒ t_m≤yambn

´p≠v. DXv°Samb Pn⁄mktbmsS

ùtaXc PohnIfpsS km≤yX

XncbpIbmWv Iyqcntbmkn‰n F∂v

t]cp≈ Cu ZuXyØns‚ apJy

Dt±iw. {]]©ØnsehnsSsb¶nepw

Pohs‚ km≤yXIfpt≠m F∂t\zjn

°p∂ FIvtkm _tbmfPn (Exobiol-ogy) bpsS km≤yXIfmWv

Iyqcntbmkn‰n Bcmbp∂Xv.

tKmfm¥cob am\ßfp≈ FIvtkm

_tbmfPnsb kw_‘n®v Jp¿B≥

\¬Ip∂ kqN\Iƒ ChnsS

{]k‡amWv.

FIvtkm_tbmfPnbpw Pekm∂n≤yhpw: Jp¿Bs‚ {]Xn]mZ\ßƒ

{]]©ØnsehnsSsb¶nepw

Poh\pt≠m F∂v At\zjn°p∂

imkv{X imJbmWv. FIvtkm _tbm

fPn (Exobiology) AYhm Akvt{Sm

_tbmfPn(Astrobiology). Pohs‚

DZv`hw, hnImkw, hnXcWw F∂nh

{]]©Øns‚ alm ]cnt{]£yØn¬

]Tn°p∂ hn⁄m\ imJbmWnXv.

Pehpw Poh\pw XΩnep≈ _‘w

At`ZyamWv. Pohs‚ DZ v`hap

≠mbXpw AXns\ hf¿Øp∂Xpw

PeaWvUeamWv. Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂p."Ncn°p∂ F√m PohnItfbpw A√mlp sh≈Øn¬ \n∂vkrjvSn®ncn°p∂p. ’(24:46) HgpIp∂

PeØns‚ AYhm {ZhPeØns‚

km∂n≤yamWv `pansb PohPme

ßfpsS Bhmk hyhÿbpw Pohn

tXm’hßfpsS cwK`qanbpam°n

am‰nbXv . Jp¿B\n¬ A√mlp

C°mcyw Cßs\ {]Xn]mZn

°p∂p."`qansb Ah≥ PohPmeßƒ°v th≠n krjvSn®ncn °p∂p.'(55:11) A\y{Kl ßfn¬ Poh≥

Xncbp∂ FIvtkm _tbmfPnbpw

{]mYanIambn At\zjn°p∂Xv

PeØns‚ km∂n≤yamWv. AXvsIm

≠mWv {]]© Pohimkv{XØn¬

{ZhPe ap≈ qan Hcp {][m\ CSambn

Xocp∂Xv.

Jp¿B\nse as‰mcp Nn¥\obamb

{]Xn]mZ\w Cßns\bmWv "BImißfpw qanbpw Hń]nSn® Xmbncp∂p.]ns∂ \mw AXns\ th¿s]SpØpIbpw Poh\p≈ F√m hkvXp°sfbpw \mw sh≈Øn¬ \n∂vkrjvSn°pIbpw sNbvXp'. (21:30).{]]©w BZnbn¬ H∂mbncp∂p

sh∂pw ]n∂oSv alm hnkvt^mS

\tØmsS tKmf hyhÿIƒ

DSseSpØpsh∂pw Aßs\bmWv

Poh\v AXnYyacpfnb `pan \nehn¬

Poh≥ tXSn sNmΔbnte°vv

Ipdn∏pIƒ

apkm^n¿


h∂sX∂pw Cu hN\w Np≠n

Im´p∂p. am{Xa√ Pew DZv]mZn

∏n°m\mhiyamb uXnI LSIßƒ

BZnbn¬ H∂mbn \n∂ncp∂

{_lvamWvU ]nÜØn¬ Xs∂bp

≠mbncp∂psh∂pw Cu Jp¿B≥

hN\w kqNn∏n°p∂p. {ZhPetam

As√¶n¬ PeØns‚ cq]nIc

WØn\mhiyamb LSIßtfm

a‰ptKmfßfn¬ D≠mhm\p≈

km≤yXbnte°pw Cu hN\w hnc¬

Nq≠p∂p.

\ΩpsS kucbqYØn¬ BsI

F´v {Klßfp≈Xn¬ \mseÆw

ùa{Klßƒ ((Terrestial Planets)F∂mWv Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv _p[≥,

ip{I≥, qan, sNmΔ F∂nhbmWv B

{Klßƒ. AXmbXv `qanbpsS

LS\bpambn GItZiw kmayXbp≈

{KlßsfbmWv ùa{Klßƒ F∂v

]dbp∂Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿B\nse

{it≤bamb Hcp hN\w Cßs\

bmWv. "A√mlp Ggv BImißsfbpw AXn∂v Xpeyw qansbbpwkrjvSn®h\s{X. A√mlp Ah¿°nSbn¬ I¬∏\ Ifnd°p∂p. A√mlpF√m ImcyØnepw ]q¿WIgnhp≈h\msW∂pw A√mlp kIehkvXp°sfbpw Adnhn\m¬ hebwsNbvXncn°p∂psh∂pw \nßfdnbp∂Xn∂v th≠n' (65:13)

Cu hN\Øn¬ `qansbt∏mse

bp≈ a‰p {Klßƒ {]]©Øn

eps≠∂v Jp¿B≥ AkμnKv[ambn

]dbp∂p. Ct∏mgsØ ]e {Klßfpw

Hcp ImeØv `qansbt∏mse Bbncn

°m\pw aXn. \ΩpsS kucbqYØnse

\mep {Klßsf Xs∂ `pantbmSp≈

kmZriyw ImcWw ùa{Klßƒ

F∂mWv imkv{Xw hnfn°p∂Xv F∂v

]d™pht√m. {]]©Ønse hnsSsb

¶nepw Poh\v BXnYyacpfnb pansb

t]msebp≈ Pe aWvUeap≈

{Klßƒ D≠mhm\p≈ km≤yX

bnte°mWv Cu hN\ßsf√mw hnc¬

Nq≠p∂Xv.

A\y{Klßfn¬ PohnIfps≠∂v

sXfnbn°p∂ Jp¿B\nse as‰mcp

hN\w C{]ImcamWv."kIe DXvIrjvS\maßfpw Ah∂p≈Xs{X. BImiaWvUeßfnepw `qanbnepap≈h¿Ahs\ {]Io¿Øn°pIbpw Ahs‚]cnip≤nsb hmgvØpIbpw sNøp∂p.Ah≥ k¿h h√`\pw k¿h⁄\pas{X'(59:25) . Cu Jp¿B≥ hN\w

hymJym\n®psIm≠v hmKvZØ akolv

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A) ]dbp∂p:

"BImitKmfßfnepw ]m¿∏pImcp

s≠∂pw Ah¿ ssZhØns‚ am¿K

Z¿i\Øn¬ h¿Øn°p∂hcmsW

∂pw Cu hN\w kpNn∏n°p∂p≠v. (

CkvemwaX XØz⁄m\w) hnip≤

Jp¿B\nse as‰mcp hN\w

Cßs\bmWv."BIm-i-ß-fp-sSbpw`qan-bp-sSbpw AXp c≠nepw Ah≥hym]n-∏n® Pohn-I-fp-sS-bpw(-Zm-∫)krjvSn∏v Ahs‚ AS-bm-f-Øn¬s∏-´ -Xm -Wv. Ah-\p -t± -in -°p -tºmƒAhsb Hcp-an®p Iq´p-hm≥ Ah≥Ign-hp‰h\-s{X.'(42:30) Cu hN\sØ

hniZoIcn®psIm≠v AlvaZnøm

Jeo^ lZvdØv an¿km Xzm ln¿

AlvaZv FgpXp∂p:

‘Zm∫’ F∂Xv qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-

Øn¬ Cg-bp -Ibpw \S-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ F√m Pohn-Iƒ°p-ap≈ t]cm-

Wv. \o¥p-Ibpw ]d-°pIbpw sNøp∂

Pohn-Iƒ AXn¬s∏-Sp-∂n-√. GsX-

¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ Bflob Pohn-I-

tfbpw B ]Zw sIm≠v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-

dn-√. Ad-_n-bn¬ Hcp Acq-]n-bmb t{]-

XsØ Hcn-°epw ‘Zm∫Øv’ F∂v ]d-

bm-dn-√. B A¿Y-Øn¬ ae-°p-Ifpw

Zm∫Øv F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]cn-[-n-bn¬

hcp-∂n-√. Cu hN-\Øns‚ c≠mw

`mKØv uta-Xc Pohn-I-fpsS km[yX

]d-bpI am{X-a√, Ah \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-

sh∂v Ak-μn-Kv[-ambn {]Jym]n°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. B[p-\nI imkv{Xob

Kth-j-I-∑m¿°v t]mepw C∂p-hsc Dd-

∏n®p ]d-bm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√mØ Hcp

Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-am-Wn-Xv. C°mcyw am{X-

a√ B hN\w hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu hN-\-Øns‚ Ah-km\

`mKØv "A√mlp Dt±-in-°p-tºmƒ

BIm-iØpw qan-bn-ep-ap≈ Po-hn-Isf

Hcp-an®p Iq´p-sa∂' \mw hmbn-°p-∂p.

AXmbXv "PwClnw'F∂ Ad-_n-]Zw

`qan-bntem as‰-hn-sS-sb-¶n-tem D≈

Pohn-Isf Hcp-an®p tN¿°p-∂-Xns\∏‰n-

bp≈ hy‡amb ]cm-a¿i-am-Wv. Cu

c≠p-Iq-´-cp-tSbpw kwKaw \S-°p∂

kμ¿`w Ft∏m-gm-sWt∂m AXv ChnsS

`qan-bn¬ sht®m As√-¶n¬ as‰-hn-sS-

shs®-¶nepamsWt∂m-- hy‡-am-°n-bn-

ń-√. ssZhw C—n-°p-tºm-gmWv CXv

kw -hn-°pI F∂ Imcyw ChnsS Dd-

∏n®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. imco-cnI IqSn-

t®-c-ent\m Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-eq-sS-

bp≈ kº¿°-Ønt\m ‘Pam’ F∂

]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa∂ Imcyw \mw

{]tXyIw Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v. (shfn]mSv,

bp‡n,⁄m\w,kXyw t]Pv 511, 512)

sNmΔbnse PohnIƒùa{Klßfn¬ sNmΔ {KlsØ

bmWv tKmf imkv{Xw G‰hpa[nIw

\nco£WØn\v hnt[bam°nbXv.

sNmΔsb BZyambn ZqcZ¿in\n

bneqsS t\m°nI≠Xv alm\mb

imkv{X {]Xn` Keoentbm Keoen

bmWv. C‰menb≥ _lncmImi

\nco£I\mbncp∂ jnbm ]mc√n 1872

apXep≈ \nco£W ]T\ßfpsS

ASnÿm\Øn¬ sNmΔbn¬ \qtdmfw

\o¿®mepIƒ t]msebp≈ Nne

ASbmfßƒ Is≠ØpIbp≠mbn.

C‰menb≥ `mjbn¬ CXn\v I\mse

((Canali) F∂v At±lw t]cn´p.

NmepIƒ(Channels) F∂v am{Xsa

AXn\v A¿Yap≈q. ]t£

]n∂osSßs\tbm Ir{Xnaambn

\n¿an°s∏´ \o¿®mepIƒ F∂¿Yw

hcp∂ I\m¬ (Canal) F∂ Cw•ojv

]Zw imkv{X teJ\ßfn¬ hsc

D]tbmKn°m≥. XpSßn. sNmΔbn¬

hnIknX kmt¶XnI⁄m\ap≈

a\pjys\t]msebp≈ PohnIfp

s≠∂ hym]Iamb hnizmkw D≠m

hm≥ Cu I\m¬ {]tbmKw ImcW

ambn. am{Xa√ sNmΔbnse Zn\cm{X

ßƒ GItZiw `qanbpsSb{XXs∂

ssZ¿Lyap≈XmWv. A{]Imcw

`qantbt]mse sNmΔbpsS A®p

X≠n\v Ncnhpw D≈Xn\m¬ qanbnep

≈Xv t]mse EXp t`Zßfpw sNmΔ

bnep ap≠mIp∂p. CØcØnep≈

ùa kmZriyßƒ sNmΔbn¬

PohnIfp≠mhmw F∂ [mcW°v

B°wIqń

s]g vknh¬ semsh¬ F∂

hnJymX\mb Atacn°≥ tPymXn

imkv{X⁄≥ 1906¬ Mars and Ca-nals ∂ ]pkvXIw {]kn≤nIcn®

tXmsSbmWv sNmΔbn¬ _p≤n

PohnIfps≠∂ Dulmt]mlßƒ

{]Ncn®Xv. sNmΔbn¬ I\mepIfpw

XSmIßfpaps≠∂pw Pekw`c

WnIfn¬ \n∂v sh≈w sIm≠p

t]mIm\pw AXp t]mse {[phßfn¬

a™pcpIptºmƒ Pe tkN\Øn∂p

≈ PehnXcW irJeIfmWv

I\mepIsf∂pw At±lw hmZn®p.

sNmΔbn¬ I\mepIfpw _p≤n

PohnIfpw \mKcnIXIbpw Ds≠∂v

CtXmsS {]Ncn®p. Cu BibØn¬


\n∂pw Bthiw Dƒs°m≠v

hniz{]ikvX {Ncn{XImc\pw imkv{X

t\mhenkv‰pamb FOv. Pn sh¬kv

sNmΔbn¬ \n∂pap≈ ùtaXc

PohnIƒ h∂v `qan ssIøS°p∂Xv

{]tabam°n The War of Worlds F∂

imkv{X t\mh¬ cNn°pIbp≠mbn.

sNmΔ PohnIsf {]tabam°n

\nch[n kn\naIfpw t\mhepIfpw

Cu ImeL´Øn¬ D≠mbn.

Aßs\bmWv sNmΔbn¬ PohnIfp

s≠∂v i‡amb hnizmkw hym]Iam

bXv. ]sØmºXpw Ccp]Xpw \p‰m≠p

Ifn¬ Cu [mcW imkv{X temIØv

t]mepw cqVaqeambncp∂p.

1965 ¬ BZyambn \mk hnt£]n®

amcn\¿ t{]m_v F∂ At\zjW ZuXy

hml\w sNmΔsb hew sh®v

\¬Inb hnhcßfmWv sNmΔsb

]‰nbp≈ A`yqlßƒ°v A¥yw

Ipdn®Xv. AhnsS Ct∏mƒ PohnItfm

Petam IStem I\mtem bmsXm∂p

ans√∂v imkv{XØn\v Ct∏mƒ ]q¿W

t_m≤yambn. sh≈w {Zhcq]Øn¬

\n¬°m\mhmiy∑mb A¥co£

a¿Ztam Xm]tam Pohs\ kwc£n®p

\n¿Øp∂ `panbnep≈Xv t]m

sebp≈ Im¥nI aWvUetam

Ct∏mƒ sNmΔbnens√∂vAtXmsS

hy‡ambn.

sNmΔbnse sh≈w:i‡amb sXfnhpIƒ

sNmΔbn¬ Ct∏mƒ qantb°mƒ

hfsc Ipd™ A¥co£ a¿Zhpw

Xm]hpamWp≈Xv. Cu Ahÿbn¬

sNmΔbpsS D]cnXeØn¬ {ZhPew

\n¬°m≥ km≤ya√. F¶nepw

]pcmX\ ImeØv {ZhPew

HgpInbXns‚ A\ntj[yamb

sXfnhpIƒ ssh°nwßv, am¿kv,

HUokn, am¿kv, t•m_¬ k ¿tΔb¿,

am¿kv FIvkv {] v , am¿kv

dn°ss\k≥kv apXemb F√m

sNmΔm ZuXyßfnse IymadIfpw

\¬Inb Nn{Xßƒ hyIvXambn

\¬Inbn´p≠v. `qanbn¬ kap{Zßƒ

h‰nhc≠mep≠mIp∂ Ahÿsb

A\pkvacn∏n°p∂ D]cnXew

sNmΔbnbn¬ Is≠ØpIbp≠mbn.

sNmΔbpsS D]cnXØn\Snbn¬

kar≤amb {ZhPew Ct∏mgpw

D≈Xmbn {]Xy£ambpw ]tcm£

ambpw \nch[n sXfnhpIƒ e`yamWv.

PesamgpInbXns‚ i‡amb

ASbmfßƒ, h‰nhc≠ henb

XSmIßƒ, 25 In.an hsc hoXnbp≈

\Zo]mXIƒ, \ZoXSßƒ, \ZnIƒ

krjvSn® U¬‰ \nt£]ßƒ,

lnam\nIƒ HgpIn\S∂v ka\nc∏mb

D]cnXeßƒ, i‡amb sh≈Øns‚

Hgp°n¬ hnkcWw kw`hn®

I√pIfpsS hn\ymkw apXemb Pe

krjvSßfmb {]XeLS\ sNmΔ

bpsS D]cnXeØn¬ ZriyamWv. ]gb

C‰menb≥ imkvX⁄≥ ]d™Xv

t]mse sh≈samgpIn D≠mb

\o¿NmepIƒ Xs∂bmbncp∂p AXv.

A{]Imcw sNmΔbnse {[ph sXm∏n

Im¿_Wv UtbmIvsskUpw Jccq]

Øn¬ Pew Dd®p≠mbXmsW∂pw

ÿncoIcn®n´p≠v. sNmΔbnse XWp∏v

ImeØv XSn®v hepXmIp∂ Cu [rh

sXm∏n th\¬ ImeØv t\¿°pIbpw

sNøp∂Xv \oco£n°s∏ń´p≠v.

kv{Smt‰mkvtIm∏nIv ]cntim[\Iƒ,

asÆmen®p≠mb D]cnXe {]IrXn

F∂o {]tXyIXbpw hnebncpØp

Ibp≠mbn. am{Xa√ PeP\yamb

IfnaÆns‚ h≥ \nt£]ßƒ,

{Inkv‰sebv≥ slas‰‰v t]mtfmkn

ent°‰v apXemb [mXp°fpw

sNmtΔm]cnXeØn¬ ImWs∏´p.

sNmΔbpsS BZna Ncn{Xw Pekar≤

ambncp∂psh∂v \mkbpw imkv{X

temIhpw Ct∏mƒ Dd®v hnizkn

°p∂p.

sNmΔbnse sh≈Øn\v F¥vkw`hn®p?

350 tImSn h¿jßƒ°v apºv

sNmΔ Pekar≤ambncp∂psh∂v

imkv{Xw ]dbp∂p. Hcp ImeØv

Pekm{μambncp∂ sNmΔm{KlØnse

PeØn\v F¥mWv kw`hn®Xv? Cu

\nKqV kakybpsS Npcpfgnbn°m≥

imkv{XØn∂mbnń√. Hcp {Klw

H∂msI Peiq\yambnt∏mhpI F∂

`bm\Iamb Zpc¥sØ ]‰n

`qhmknIfmb \mw Ft∏msg¶nepw

Nn¥n®n´pt≠m? CØcw Zpc¥w

PesØ A[mcam°n PohntXm¬

khßƒ Actßdp∂ \ΩpsS

`qantbbpw _m[n°ns√∂v Bcp

I≠p? ChnsS hnip≤ JpB¿ \nse

Hcp hN\w hfsc {it≤bamWv.

A√mlp tNmZn°p∂p: "]dbpI,\nßƒ Nn¥nNn´pt≠m ? \nßfpsSsh≈w h‰nt∏mbm¬ HgpIp∂ip≤Pew BcmWv \nßƒ°v sIm≠vh∂v XcnI? (68:31) Pew Jcw, {ZmhIw,

hmXIw F∂o aq∂hÿIfn¬

ImWs∏Sp∂p. Jp¿B≥ hn

tijn∏n®Xv t]mse HgpIp∂

{ZhPeamWv Pohs‚ B[mcw. CXv

hsc Adnbs∏´ a‰p{Klßfn

sem∂nepw Xs∂ Pew qanbnep≈Xv

t]mse {Zhcq]Øn¬ kar≤ambn

ImWs∏Sp∂n√. `qanbn¬ Cu

aq∂hÿIfnepw Pew \ne\n¬

°p∂p. [rhßfnepw ]¿hX

irwJßfnepw Jccq]Øn¬ sFkm

bpw Pemibßfn¬ {Zh cq]Øn¬

sh≈ambpw taLßfn¬ hmXI

cq]Øn¬ Pe_mjv]ambpw aq∂

hÿIfnepw Pew \n¬°p∂p. Cu

aq∂hÿIfn¬ ]ckv]cw Pe

Øns‚ hn\nabamWv `qansb

Poh p‰Xm°n am‰p∂Xv. AXmbXv

kqcy\n¬ \n∂pw Hcp \n›nX

AIeØn¬ A®pX≠n¬ A¬∏w

Ncn™p kqcys\ kzbw {àW

tØmsS `qansb hew h°p∂Xv

sIm≠pw AXnk¶o¿Wamb a‰t\Iw

tKmfm¥cobhpw ùaLS\m]chp

amb kwhn[m\ßfpsS B\pIqeyw

sI≠pamWv qan Pe kar≤amb Hcp

ssPh{Klambn \ne\n¬°p∂Xv.

Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: \mw BImisØhnhn[ i‡nIƒ sIm≠v krjvSn®ncn°p∂p.(51:48) `qanbpsS {àW

]Yw kqcy\n¬ \n∂pw A¬∏w

AIsebmbncps∂¶n¬ `qPew

Dd™p sFkmIpambncp∂p. A¬∏w

ASpØp t]msb¶n¬ NqSmbn

Pe_mjv]ambn sh≈w apgph≥ qan

bn¬ \n∂pw \njv{Iant®s\. ssZhw

ÿm]n® BImiobamb Cu

{_lvamWvU kwhn[m\sØ ]‰n

Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p."BImisØAh≥ Db¿ØpIbpw k¥pe\w(Balance) ÿm]n°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p' (55: 8) sh≈w h‰n h‘ybmbn

Xo¿∂ sNmΔm {Klw C∂v \ΩpsS

apºn¬ \n¬°p∂p. Pe kar≤ambn

cp∂ sNΔm{KlØns‚ {àW

]YØn¬ Hcp ]t£ h√ D¬°Itfm

a‰p JtKmf hkvXp°tfm h∂nSn®v

AXns‚ {àW ]Yw sX‰n, B

tKmfØns‚ kw¥pe\ hyhÿ

Xmdpamdmbn D]cnXe Pew h‰nt]mb

Xmbncn°msa∂v Nne¿ hnizkn°p

∂p. Jp¿Bs‚ Hcp hN\w t\m°q:

"Xo¿®bmbpw BImißtfbpw(BImi hkvXp°tfbpw) `qantbbpw ({àW ]YØn¬ \n∂pw) \oßnt]mImXncn°m≥ A√mlp ]nSn®p


\n¿Øp∂p. C\n Ah c≠pw \oßnt]mIp∂Xmbm¬ Ah\p ]pdsaBcpw Xs∂ Ahsb ]nSn®p \n¿Øp∂n√v. \n›bambpw Ah≥ kl\ioe\pw k¿ΔYm s]mdp°p∂h\pamIp∂p.' (35:42) Cu tKmfm¥c

k¥pe\ hyhÿ°v hnÿm]\hpw

hyXnbm\hpw h∂m¬ \ΩpsS

hiyat\mlcamb Cu qanbpw sNΔm

{Klw t]mse Hcp arX tKmfambn

Xocm\p≈ km≤yXsb ]‰n \msa

t∏msg¶nepw Nn¥n®n´pt≠m?

tKmfßfpsSbpw JtKmf hkvXp°

fpsSbpw hyXnN\ßfpw IqńbSn

Ifpw kw`hn°m≥ km≤yXbp≈

tKmfm¥c Zpc¥ßfmWv. 1994 ¬

\ΩpsS kucbqYØnse hymgØn¬

"jqam°¿ sehn'F∂ D¬° h∂nSn

®ndßnbXv `qanbn¬ \n∂v \mw

Z¿in®XmWv. kucbqYw apgph≥

AXns‚ AesbmenIƒ t\cnb

tXmXn¬ A\p`hs∏´p. AØcsamcp

Zpc¥w qanbn¬ kw`hn®m¬ ]ns∂

`qan Hcp ssPh{Klambn

Ahtijn°n√. Aßs\sbm∂v

kw`hn°mXncn°m≥ A√mlp

kpc£nXamb Hcp taem∏v `qan°v

\¬Inbn´ps≠∂v Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p.

"\mw BImisØ kpc£nXamb Hcpta¬∏pcbm°nbncn°p∂p.' (21:33)\ΩpsS kucbqYØn¬ A√mlp

AZv`pXIcamb ]e kpc£m

am¿Kßfpw ÿm]n®n´p≠v AXns‚

hniZoIcWØnte°v Ct∏mƒ

t]mhp∂n√.

GXmbmepw \ΩpsS `qan

ImemImehpw Cßs\ Xs∂

XpScWsa∂n√ F∂v `qanbpw

{]]©hpw krjvSn® A√mlp

\tΩmSp ]d™ Imcyhpw \mw

kvacn°pI."Cu `qan as‰mcp `qanbmbn am‰s∏Sp∂ \mfn¬ (A{]Imcw) BImihpw am‰s∏Sp∂\mfn¬' (14: 49) kmμ¿`nIambn Hcp

Imcyw ChnsS Hm¿°pIbmWv

` c X o b ] p c m W { ] I m c w

hymgsØ"IpP≥' F∂mWv hnfn°p

∂Xv. \nch[n lnμp I\yIIsf

IÆocv IpSn∏n® {KlamWv IpP≥

AYhm hymgw. PmXIØnse sNmΔm

tZmjw ZmºXyØn\v lm\nIcam

sW∂v hnizkn°p∂p lnμp°ƒ

D±njvS awKeyØn∂v hymgw hnLmXw

\n¬°p∂p. lnμphnizmk {]Imcw

]m] {Klamb sNmΔ `qanbpsS

]p{X\msW∂mWv k¶¬∏w.

AXmbXv "Ip' (`qan) ¬ \n∂pw

P\n®h≥ F∂ A¿∞ØnemWv

hymgØn \v"IpP≥'F∂ t]cp h∂Xv.

`mcXob ]pcmW{]Imcw PmX∂v

kw`hn® Zpc¥w P\I∂v(`qan)

D≠mhmXn cn°s´ F∂v \ap°v

B{Kln°mw sNmΔbpsS Zpc¥sØ

ap≥ \n¿Øn ssZhm\p{Kl

sØ°pdn®pw ssZhØns‚ {_lvam

fi kwhn[m\sØ°pdn®pw Nn¥n

°m\pw Ah∂v \μn {]Imin∏n°m\pw

\sΩ t{]cn∏n°p∂p. A√mlp

tKmfm¥c Zpc¥ßfn¬ \n∂pw

`qantbbpw \sΩbpw c£n°s´

kwÿm\ CPvXna kam]n®p]gbßmSn: AlvaZnøm apkvenw

PamAØns‚ bphP\ kwLS\bmb

aPvenkv Jp±map¬ AlvaZnøm

bptSbpw _mekwLS\bmb AXv m

ep¬ AlvaZnømbptSbpw 19˛maXv

kwkvÿm\ CPvXna BKkv‰v 31,

sk]v‰w_¿ 1 , 2 XobXnIfn¬

]gbßmSnbn¬ sh®v \S∂p.

aPvenkv Jp±map¬ AlvaZnøm

kZ¿ lm^nkv aJvZqw ico v kmln_v

CPvXna DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. \≥abn¬

apt∂dpI F∂XmWv kXy

hnizmknIƒ e£yamt°≠sX∂pw

£atbmsSbpw kl\tØmtSbpw

apt∂dm\p≈ ]mTw CPvXnaIƒ \ap°v

]I¿∂pXcp∂Xmbpw DZ vLmS\

{]`mjWØn¬ At±lw ]d™p.

temIØns‚ ]cnjvIcWw C∂v

AlvaZnIfpsS ssIIfnemW. v

Jnem^Øns‚ XWen¬ am{Xta

sFIyw km[yamIq AXn\m¬

ImeØns‚ Jeo^bpambn Hmtcmcp

Øcpw kpZrV_‘w D≠m°nsbSp

°Wsa∂pw At±lw Iqńt®¿Øp.

A\pbmbnIƒ°v BXvahnizmkhpw

t{]mXvkml\hpw ]I¿∂p\evInb

t\Xmhmbncp∂p aplΩZv \_n (k)

Xncpta\n F∂v FdWmIpfw taJe

Aao¿ _n. _n. AlvaZv I_o¿

kmln_v A`n{]mbs∏´p. Hcp

hyIvXnsb DØchmZnXzt_m[ap≈

]uc\m°n am‰pI F∂XmWv Jp±map¬

AlvaZnøm e£yanSp∂sX∂v

]gbßmSn Aao¿ kn. kenw kmln_v

]d™p. IÆq¿ taJe Aao¿ bp.

a≥kq¿ kmln_v A[y£X hln®p.

lm^nkv _mknXv Aen kmln_v

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw sNbvXp.

ktΩf\tØmS\p_‘n®v \S∂

]okv tIm¨^d≥kn¬ {]apJ

]cnÿnXn {]h¿ØI≥ {io. kn. B¿

\oeIWvT≥, F≥tUmkƒ^m≥

BIvSnhnkv‰v {ioaXn eoemIpamcn AΩ,

kXyZqX≥ FUn‰¿ G.Fw aplΩZv

keow kmln_v, s{]m^k¿ alvaqZv

AlvaZ v kmln_v F∂nh¿

kwkmcn®p.

IemImbnI aXvkcßfpw CPvXna

tbmS\p_‘n®v kwLSn∏n®ncp∂p.

˛_n. F. aplΩZv \Po_v,

FdWmIpfw

aPvenkv Jp±map¬ AlvaZnøm kZ¿ lm^nkv aJvZqw ico v kmln_v CPvXna DZvLmS\w

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