OCARI (Dang & Devic Et Al 2008)

1-4244-9701-0/06/$20.00 ©2008 IEEE. OCARI: Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Tuan Dang* PhD Member IEEE, Catherine Devic* et al** *EDF (Electricité De France) R&D - STEP Department Control Systems & Information Technologies Group **Consortium OCARI: EDF, DCNS, One RF Technology, LIMOS, LATTIS, LRI, INRIA 6, quai Watier 78401 Chatou Cedex FRANCE [email protected], catherine.devic @edf.fr, http://ocari.l ri.fr Abstract – In this paper we present an industrial development of a wireless sensors network technology called OCARI TM . It targets applications in harsh environments in power plants and in warships. OCARI is a radio communication technology that supports mesh topology and power-aware ad hoc routing protocol aiming at maximizing the network lifetime. It is based on IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer with full deterministic MAC layer for time-constrained communication. During the non time- constrained communication period, its ad hoc routing strategy uses an energy-aware OLSR proactive protocol. OCARI application layer is based on ZigBee APS and APL primitives and profiles to provide a maximum compatibility with ZigBee applications. To fully assess this technology, extensive tests will be done in industrial facility at EDF R&D as well as at DCNS. Our objective is then to promote this specification as an open standard of industrial wireless technology. Index Terms – Wireless Sensors Network, Ad hoc Network, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Mobility, Battery Autonomy, Interference model, BER, SINR, Medium Access Control, Routing strategies, Application Architecture, Middleware, OPC, IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee, WINA, ISA100, WirelessHART, Power Plants, Warships. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless communication represents a major industrial stake in the next coming years. It offers numerous usages and helps industry save operating costs as well as improving the operational efficiency. In the recent years, WiFi (IEEE 802.11-WLANs) and Bluetooth technologies (IEEE 802.15- WPANs) have known tremendous development and have penetrated the Small Office and Home Office (SOHO) as well as Large Enterprise Office. These general public wireless technologies may find their limited usage in industrial installations because of harsh environments, electromagnetic compatibility and interference issues, safety and IT security constraints and battery autonomy . Some of these issues have been addressed by addenda to existing standards. For example, IEEE 802.11i addresses the IT security, IEEE 802.11e deals with WiFi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS) and WMM Power Save. Although these specifications target consumer market and do not take into account industrial needs in constrained environment. Application of wireless sensors network technology in industrial environment such as in power plants or in warships typically requires the following characteristics: Network topology flexibility: self-organizing, auto- configurable network topology and transparency for application layer, Network scalability: ability to deal with large network topology and large density of network nodes, Low power consumption along with power management capability to maximize battery autonomy, Support of energy-aware routing protocol, Protocol stack with deterministic medium access methods, Robust radio transmission (low bit error rate, BER [22]) regarding electromagnetic interferences (as measured as signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR [23] [24]), Radio transmission technique that is compatible with electromagnetic constraints (e.g.: TEMPEST military standard), Support of sink mobility (e.g.: a mobile user which collects data via a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) from a sensors network), Support of authentication of network node and anti- intrusion (to the network) mechanisms. In response to these industrial needs and challenges, there are some working groups such as the Wireless Industrial Networking Alliance (WINA), the ZigBee Alliance, WirelessHART [25] from HART Communication Foundation (HCF) and ISA100 who tried to define and establish industrial wireless technology standards for different application domains. Currently, only ZigBee has commercially available products as this Alliance was formed very soon in the end of 2004. WirelessHART compliant products are expected at the end of 2008. These specifications are all based on IEEE 802.15.4 which provides a good foundation for building ad hoc mesh network. However, IEEE 802.15.4 does not specify a standard way or algorithm to optimize power consumption in the MAC layer along with a corresponding routing schema. It is up to the application designer to elaborate his own strategy. Full deterministic MAC layer [11] is also absent from this standard. In this paper, we propose to describe the project in which we try to develop a wireless sensor communication module running an industrial ad hoc mesh networking protocol called OCARI TM . It is based on IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer and has autonomous behaviour: tolerance to topology changes (successful packet delivery in the face of node mobility and

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OCARI (Dang & Devic Et Al 2008)