(Particularités de la communication virtuelle)

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Particularits de la communication par lentremisedordinateurs

Diffrentes comprhensions de la communication par lentremisedordinateurs

Social Interaction in Computer-Mediated Communication de Jong-Young Kim (2000)

Ce court texte prsente les grandes approches de la communication par lentremise

dordinateurs. Il prsente les trois thories de la communication par lentremise de

lordinateur les plus populaires , et indique leur point de vue, entre autres, sur la

limitation des indices sensoriels, lanonymat et leurs effets envisags sur la

communication. Enfin, il tente de nuancer ces points de vue en introduisant la notion ducontexte social, culturel et historique dans lequel les changes sont effectus. De plus, il

souligne limportance du rle actif de lusager. Il s'agit d'une bonne introduction au

domaine.

Comment exprimer son identit dans un univers o lon n'a pas de corps

Identity and Deception in the Virtual Community de Judith S. Donath (1998)

Un texte qui explore lun des aspects trs primordial de l existence , soit lidentit de

la personne. Dans le monde de tous les jours, il est ais de se dfinir en tant que

corps et notre apparence en dit long sur notre personne; notre genre, notrehabillement et notre tenue disent beaucoup notre sujet. Dans le cyberespace, il en est

tout autrement, le texte tant notre seul mdium de communication; comment alors se

diffrencier des autres, sindividualiser, dfinir son identit? Judith Donath sest

intresse cette problmatique dans le cadre des serveurs de nouvelles (newsgroups).

Elle sintresse aux faons dlaborer son identit dans un univers limit aux lettres et

certains modes de communication sociale. Ce faisant, elle nous prsente le monde des

serveurs de nouvelles sous un angle ethnographique.

Communication limite ou communication amliore?

Communicative Subtlety in Multimedia Chat de John Suler (1997)

Un petit article sympathique qui vient remettre en question les conceptions selon

lesquelles la communication par lentremise dordinateurs est une forme de

communication limite . Plutt que dinsister sur les restrictions que ce type de

communication porte aux indices physiologiques, lauteur sintresse aux nouvelles

faons de sexprimer par le biais des univers graphiques, particulirement le Palace.

Indices sensoriels limits ou nouvelles formes dexpression des motions?

Nous avons fait la slection de diffrents extraits de textes dcrivant les

particularits de la communication par lentremise dordinateurs. Laplupart de ces textes seront revus plus tard dans leur entiret dans les

diffrentes autres sections du site. Pour l'instant, vous pouvez vous

contenter des extraits suivants.

icularits de la communication virtuelle http://www.teluq.uquebec.ca/psy2018/relations/particul.htm

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Mis la suite, nous esprons que les descriptions faites par diffrents

auteurs des phnomnes lis la communication par Internet vous

aideront mieux en saisir lessence.

Caractristiques de la communication par lentremise dordinateurs

"Kiesler, Siegel and McGuire have described computer-mediated communication as

having four distinct features in comparison to conventional forms of interaction: an

absence of regulating feedback, dramaturgical weakness, few social status cues and

social anonymity. Conventional systems for regulating interaction fall apart".

Dans : Electropolis: Communication and Community On Internet Relay Chatde Elizabeth

Reid

"Emotes, emoticons and paralanguage are used to express emotions and assist in the

interpretation of message texts. The geographical distance between users, absence of

physical bodies, control over self-presentation, and anonymity/pseudonymity

characteristic of MOOs provide MOOers with a perception of the MOO as a "safe"communication environment where they are not judged by others, are not accountable

to others, and where their actions will have no "real life" consequences. This results in

communication that is high in self-disclosure, the rapid formation of intense

relationships, and disinhibited behaviour. These same factors also provide a

communication environment that is conducive to projection and transference,

misunderstandings and deceit".

Dans : "Social interaction in MOOs: Constraints and opportunities of a text-based virtual

environment for interpersonal communication" de L. D. Roberts, L. M. Smith & C. Pollock

Anonymat, absence de risques et dsinhibition

"This also contributes to what might be called a 'shipboard syndrome', the feeling that

since one will likely never meet anyone from the MUD in real life, there is less social risk

involved and inhibitions can safely be lowered. (...) Another deeper reason, though, is

that players do not feel that very much is at risk. At worst, if they feel that theyve made

an utter fool of themself, they can always abandon the character and create a new one,

losing only the name and the effort invested in socially establishing the old one. In

effect, a 'new lease on life' is always a ready option".

Dans :Mudding: Social Phenomena in Text-Based Virtual Realities de Pavel Curtis

"The ease of social communication in text-based environments was attributed to not

being seen, not having to look the other in the face, the perceived absence ofjudgement, and associated reduction in performance pressure".

Dans : "u r a lot bolder on the net": The social use of text-based virtual environments by

shy individuals de L. D. Roberts, L. M. Smith & C. Pollock

"Aspects of these virtual environments found to be conducive to

disinhibited behaviour were anonymity, geographical distance

between users, control over self-presentation, and perceived lack

of "real life" consequences for actions".

Dans : "Disinhibited behaviour in computer-mediated

communication: the good, the bad and the ugly" de L. D. Roberts,

L. M. Smith & C. Pollock

"The most widely reported finding from researchers who have studied the interpersonal

aspects of online interactions is the disinhibition that occurs (Keisler, Siegel & McGuire

1984; King, 1995a; Reid, 1994; Sproull & Kiesler, 1984; Sproull & Kiesler, 1995). The

improbability of any local, real life repercussions for on-line social activity produces a


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new and poorly understood psychological phenomena; people feel free to express

themselves in an unrestrained manner. "If all computer-mediated communication

systems can be said to have one single unifying effect upon human behavior it is that

usage tends to cause the user to become less inhibited." (Reid, 94)"

Dans : Internet therapy and self help groups - the pros and cons de Storm A. King

Ambigut dans les interactions

"Another effect of the typing delay (and of the low bandwidth of the MUD medium) is a

tendency for players to abbreviate their communications, sometimes past the point of

ambiguity. For example, some players often greet others with 'hugs' but the 'meaning'

of those hugs vary widely from recipient to recipient. (...) This leads to some MUD

interactions having much more ambiguity than usually encountered in real life, a fact

that some mudders consider useful."

Dans : Mudding: Social Phenomena in Text-Based Virtual Realities de Pavel Curtis

Projections

"Judgments of others in this virtual social setting, made without the normal sensual

clues, can consist of distorted, emotionally laden projections (King, 1995a)."

Dans : Effects of Mood States on Social Judgments in Cyberspace: Self Focused Sad

People as the Source of Flame Wars de Storm A. King

Impression de relations profondes

"Walther (1996) went on to argue that in some circumstances participants in on-line

communication could actually become more intimate than they would of had they been

in face-to-face communication. Following Social Identity Deindividuation or "SIDE"

theory (Spears & Lea, 1992), he noted that on-line receivers are likely to over interpretwhat little data they have and, when the data are positive, reach even more positive

conclusions about others than they would in face-to-face settings."

Dans : "Making MOOsic": The Development of Personal Relationships On-line and a

Comparison to their Off-line Counterparts de Malcom Parks& Lynne D. Roberts

Scurit pour explorer les relations avec lautre sexe

"A more likely explanation is that MOOs provide users with the perception of a "safe"

environment for social interaction in which individuals can explore all types of

relationships without fear of repercussions in their physical lives (Roberts, Smith &

Pollock, 1996b). By the same token, the "real-time" give and take of a synchronouschannel, along with the greater communicative subtlety possible on MOOs, may make it

easier and more interesting for men and women to engage in dialogue-thus perhaps

accounting for the greater proportion of cross-sex relationships in MOOs than in

newsgroups."

"The text-only nature of MOOs, the physical distance between MOOers, and the

anonymity provided by having a MOO character may further reduce the perception of

"risk" associated with cross-sex relationships in the physical world. The fact on-line

relationships were not well integrated with the participants off-line relationships may

offer another dimension of safety. Friends, romantic partners, and other associates often

challenge cross-sex friendships in "real-life" settings (Swain, 1992; Werking, 1997)."

Dans : "Making MOOsic": The Development of Personal Relationships On-line and a

Comparison to their Off-line Counterparts de Malcom Parks& Lynne D. Roberts

Asynchronisme et flexibilit


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"The asynchronous nature of email online support groups provides the additional

advantages of "24 hour availability, selective participation in entering and responding to

messages, anonymity and privacy, immediate and/or delayed responding, and recording

of transmissions." (Sparks,1992)."

Dans : Internet therapy and self help groups - the pros and cons de Storm A. King


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