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7/28/2019 Polsci Lec 1
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PolSci
Lecture 1:
The study of
Political Science
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Political Science
Systematic study of state and government
PoliticalGreek wordpolisCity or sovereign state
ScienceLatin word scire
to know
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Scope of Political Science
Political Theory
Entire body of doctrinerelating to the origin, form, behaviourand purpose of the state
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Public Law
Organization of government limitation of government authority powers and duties ofgovernment offices and officers
obligation of one state to another
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Public AdministrationMethods & techniques
used in the
actual management of state affairsby the different
branches of government
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Why should a student study Political Science
Education for citizenship
Teaching g the studentstheir obligation as a citizens of the
country
1
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Essential partof liberal education
eternal vigilance is the price ofliberty
2
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Knowledge & understandingofgovernment
A good citizen mustknow the answer to the following:
how the government operates;
interest & forces behind policies;result of the policies; rights & obligation
3
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Concepts of
State and Government
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State
A community ofpersons more or less numerous
permanently occupyinga definite portion of territory
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People
Elements of State
Mass of population living within the state
No requirement as to the numbernot be too small or too large
1
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Territory
Land jurisdiction of the State
Territorial domain Aerial domain
2
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rule or to govern
Refers to the agency through whichthe will of the state is formulated,
expresses and carried out.
Government3
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Supreme power of the state
to command and enforce obediencefrom people within jurisdiction
Sovereignty4
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2 manifestation: Internal: within its territory External: without subject to or
control by other state
(independence)
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Origin of State
State is a divine creation
Rulers is obtained by Godto govern the people
Divine Right Theory
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State is created through force
Great warriors imposing into the weak
Necessity or force theory
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Enlargement of the familywhich remained under the authority
of the father or mother
Paternalistic
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family clan
tribenation
State
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State is formed bydeliberate & voluntary compact
among people to form asociety and organize government
for their common good
Social Contract Theory
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StatePolitical concept
NationGroup of people bound together
by characteristic (people)
vs.
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State
Subject to externalcontrol
NationMay or may not be independentof external control
vs.
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State
May consist of 1 or more nation
NationMade up of several State
vs.
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Statecannot exist
withouta government
butit is possible to have a government
withoutState
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Agovernment may change (form)but the state as long as its
essential elements
are present, remains the same
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Purpose & necessity of government
It should exist & continue to existfor the benefit of the people
governed.
Advancement of the
public welfare
1
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Without an organized structurethere would be anarchy & disorder.
Feeling of fear & insecurity
Progress & development will not bepossible
Consequence of absence2
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Forms of government
As to number of person exercisingsovereign powers
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Supreme & final authority is in thehands of a single person
Absolute: ruler rules by divine right
Limited: ruler rules in accordance
with a constitution
Monarchy
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Political powers is exercised by
a few privileged class
Aristocracy
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Political power is exercised by
majority of the people Direct or pure
Indirect, representative or
republican
Democracy
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Forms of governmentAs to extent of powers
exercised by thecentral or national government
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Control of the national & local affairs
is exercised bythe central or national government
Unitary government
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The powers of government are dividedbetween two sets of organs
National affairs and Local affairs
Federal government
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Forms of governmentAs to the relationship
between theexecutive & legislative branches
of government
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The state confers uponlegislature the power to terminate
the tenure of office of the real executive.
Parliamentary government
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The state makes theexecutive constitutionally
independent
Presidential government
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PhilippinesRepresentative democracy ,
Unitary & presidential government
with separations of power
Some aspects of pure democracy:initiative and referendum