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8/2/2019 PP13-15 Utilisation Des Logiciels
1/2
qlhdk`tiu 8/85 8:
@c liz hqqilli kiz jmi&rhy} ki [u`di, jhu jizl`gdjdilz izqd`cz, khq&
qhuicji lgd{dfi, qiufi{{ic{ kiquickui li j`c{uli kdz{hcjikyc `ukdch{iyu jdeli, hbdc kiczyuridlliu, ic {ifqz uil, {`y{ jixyd zt qhzzi# H lh fhcdui kizGuijz, xyd z{hdic{ jhjmz khcz
yc gdghc{izxyi jmirhl ki e`dzq`yu ic{uiu qhu uyzi khcz lh rdlliki [u`di, liz jmirhy} ki [u`di dc&b`ufh{dxyiz z`c{ y{dldzz q`yuzydrui ic kduij{ liz kdzjyzzd`czqhu fizzhgiudi dcz{hc{hci `y rdhlh {lqm`cdi qhu dc{iuci{ -{tqiZotqi$# Dlz qiyric{ {uhczfi{{uikiz jhq{yuiz ki ji xyd zi qhzzi zyuljuhc ki l`ukdch{iyu dcbij{, hj&{driu zh wiejhf `y z`c fdju` i{ffi dckdxyiu liz {`yjmiz buhq&qiz -ji xyd qiufi{ ki j`cch{uiliz f`{z ki qhzzi ki ly{dldzh{iyurdz$#
Lh q`ldji nykdjdhdui bkuhli h iyuij`yuz khcz {u`dz jhz ki ly{{i hc&{d{iuu`udz{i i{ khcz yc jhz ki jud&fdchld{ `ughcdzi yc l`gdjdilkiz{dc kjutq{iu kiz j`c{icyzj`kz, uhy} y jud{z, h dckdxy liKqhu{ific{ bkuhl ki nyz{dji i{q`ldji# Ki z`c j{, li jhc{`c kiRhyk h huu{ yc qk`qmdli guji jiz qu`guhffiz, i{ li jhc{`c ki^yudjm h y{dldz ji f`tic q`yuly{{iu j`c{ui yc dfq`u{hc{ {uhbdjki ku`gyi#
Liz xyh{ui jhz ky{dldzh{d`c qhu lhq`ldji bkuhli z`c{ dc{iuricyzhrhc{ lic{ui ic rdgyiyu ky c`y&rihy J`ki ki qu`jkyui qchlizydzzi -JQQ$, zyu lh ehzi ki lhu{#22 DD ki lh l`d bkuhli ki 84:;zyu lh qu`jkyui qchli, hy} {iu&fiz kyxyil li nygi kdcz{uyj{d`c`y li qu`jyuiyu gcuhl qiy{ `u&k`cciu ly{dldzh{d`c khqqhuidlz{ijmcdxyiz ki zyuridllhcji# Lic`yrihy JQQ h uiqudz ji{{i b`u&fyli lhu{# 5=1 JQQ, xyd kdzq`zixyi li Fdcdz{ui qyeldj qiy{ y{d&ldziu kiz kdzq`zd{dbz {ijmcdxyiz kizyuridllhcji hy} bdcz, c`{hffic{,kj`y{iu `y kicuigdz{uiu kizj`criuzh{d`cz c`c qyeldxyiz#Ji{{i kdzq`zd{d`c rdzi hqqhuif&fic{ liz j`y{iz, `eziurh{d`cz i{icuigdz{uific{z hy f`tic khq&qhuidlz hj`yz{dxyiz i{/`y `q{d&
xyiz, zdgchli Nufi Eckdj{,hr`jh{ Lhyzhcci i{ ukhj{iyu kyjmhqd{ui j`czhju hy} quiyriz dll&ghliz khcz li J`ffic{hdui u`&fhck ky JQQ# @u qc{uiu khczyc ztz{fi dcb`ufh{dxyi rh qlyzl`dc# Yc l`gdjdil ciz{ qhz yc hq&qhuidl# Q`yu f`d, ly{dldzh{d`c kijmirhy} ki [u`di ch, q`yu
lmiyui, qhz ki ehzi lghli, jhu lilgdzlh{iyu ct h qhz qicz# Li bhd{xyi lhrhc{&qu`ni{ ki l`d bkuhlizyu lh zyuridllhcji ki lh j`uuiz&q`ckhcji qhu q`z{i i{ {lj`f&fycdjh{d`c -LZJQ[$ qur`di yciehzi lghli i}quizzi q`yu ldc{iu&jiq{d`c i{ li kjutq{hgi ki k`c&ciz z`c hu{# 571edz iz{ yc dc&
Ly{dldzh{d`c ki l`gdjdilzizqd`cz qhu lh q`ldjiiz{ j`c{u`riuziQ`yu lhr`jh{ Zehz{dic Bhc{d, liz q`ldjiz bkuhliz i{ jhc{`chliz ci kiruhdic{qhz q`yr`du fi{{ui ic yrui kiz jmirhy} ki [u`di zhcz ehzi lghli i}quizzi#Li qu`jyuiyu Nihc [uijjhcd i{ Ztlrhdc F{dlli, k`j{iyu ic ku`d{, iz{dfic{,hy j`c{uhdui, xyi jiz dcriz{dgh{d`cz, z{udj{ific{ icjhkuiz, z`c{ q`zzdeliz#
Yci quiyri dllghli0
Zd yc {udeychl richd{ hkfi{{ui xyi liz quiyriz e{icyiz ic
y{dldzhc{ yc jmirhl ki [u`di l`c{ { ic rd`lh{d`c ky ku`d{ ki
qu`jkyui qchli, jhu lh ehzi lghli hj{yillific{ i}dz{hc{i iz{
dczybbdzhc{i ji{ ibbi{, ldc{uizz q`yuuhd{ zi qlhdckui kyci
rd`lh{d`c ki z`c ku`d{ j`cz{d{y{d`ccil lh ldeiu{ qiuz`ccilli#
C`yz ziud`cz khcz yci zd{yh{d`c xyi li lgdzlh{iyu ch qhz
ugli i{, khcz yc {il jhz, li nygi qu`jkiuhd{ zhcz k`y{i yci
qizi kiz dc{u{z, qujdzi Fi Nufi Eckdj{, zqjdhldz{i ki
ji{{i xyiz{d`c> Dl iz{ ruhdzifelheli xydl iz{dfi lh{{idc{i nyz{dbdi
zd l`c iz{ ic quzicji kyci dcbuhj{d`c guhri, xyd ci q`yrhd{
{ui kjili kyci hy{ui fhcdui# Uiz{i li qu`elfi ki lh
qu`richcji ki jiz jmirhy} ki [u di, xyd qiyric{ j`cz{d{yiu
kiz qu`kyd{z dlldjd{iz zdlz z`c{ kril`qqz qhu kiz qduh{iz dcb`u&
fh{dxyiz> yc khcgiu k`c{ lh q ldji k d{ rdkiffic{ zi ghukiu#
Ztlrhdc F{dlli
KU
8/2/2019 PP13-15 Utilisation Des Logiciels
2/2
qlhdk`tiu 8/858; qlhdk`tiu 8/85
kdji xyyci {illi y{dldzh{d`c q`ziqu`elfi ky q`dc{ ki ryi ki zh ld&jd{#
Qhz kdc{iuqu{h{d`ci}{iczdri
Ni ci riy} qhz kyci dc{iuqu{h&{d`c i}{iczdri ki lh l`d, kjlhui kiz`c j{ lhr`jh{ rhlhdzhc Zehz{dicBhc{d, zqjdhldz{i kiz c`yrilliz{ijmc`l`gdiz# Hy} I{h{z&Ycdz, jizquh{dxyiz q`ldjduiz z`c{ uqhc&kyiz, fhdz liz hgic{z kdzq`zic{ kyQh{ud`{ Hj{, yci ehzi lghli zqjdbd&xyi qiufi{{hc{ khjjkiu jiz dc&b`ufh{d`cz# Q`yu f`d, ic Zydzzi, lhq`ldji ci kiruhd{ udic q`yr`du bhduihrhc{ lic{ui ic rdgyiyu ki lhu{#571edz c`yrihy JQQ q`yu ci qhzzi}q`ziu hy udzxyi kheyz khy{`&ud{# Zhgdzzhc{ ki lh zyuridllhcji kiqhu{djyldiuz, yci dc{iuqu{h{d`cqlyz lhugi ki lh l`d ciz{ qhz q`zzd&eli# Ic `y{ui, kiz qu`elfizj`cjui{z zi q`zic{> li q`u{i&qhu`liki lh q`ldji jhc{`chli rhyk`dzi hj`cbduf hr`du kril`qq kiz qhu&
{ichudh{z hrij qlyzdiyuz mhy{iz j`&liz ky jhc{`c, hbdc klhe`uiu kizl`gdjdilz izqd`cz q`yu ibbij{yiu kizj`y{iz {lqm`cdxyiz, dc{iujiq{iukiz ZFZ i{ kiz k`cciz ki g`l`&jhldzh{d`c, uhqq`u{i icj`ui Zehz&{dic Bhc{d# Dl iz{dfi xyi, kyq`dc{ ki ryi ky ku`d{ khy{iyu, jizztz{fiz ci kiruhdic{ {ui kril`q&qz xyhrij lhrhl kiz bheudjhc{z kyqu`guhffi k`ukdch{iyu hbbij{qhu liz jmirhy} ki [u`di# Li udzxyikheyz iz{ dfq`u{hc{, jhu xyd c`yzkd{ xyi jiz {ykdhc{z ci j`qdiu`c{qhz li l`gdjdil kril`qq0 Lhr`jh{rhlhdzhc r`xyi icj`ui lh juhdc{ixyi liz qdgi`cz z`dic{ qudz qhu jiztz{fi, fhdz c`c liz zqjdhldz{izky jutq{hgi ki k`cciz, xyd uic&b`ujiu`c{ liyuz ehuuduiz#
Gicri, Bude`yugi{ li Rhlhdzly{dldzic{ kn
Li qu`jyuiyu gcuhl hkn`dc{ rhy&k`dz Nihc [uijjhcd iz{ lhy{iyukyc hu{djli j`czhju ji{{i xyiz&
{d`c, xydl h j`zdgc hrij li zqjdh&ldz{i Nufdi Flliu i{ li qu`jy&uiyu @ldrdiu N`{{iuhck, xyd q`yu&uhd{ qhuh{ui khcz lh uiryi ic ldgciWielhw# Nhd {`yn`yuz iz{df xyilh ehzi lghli {hd{ zybbdzhc{i khczlh LZJQ[, qydz khcz li JQQ ycd&bd q`yu b`ckiu jiu{hdciz `quh&{d`cz, {ilz ldc{iujiq{d`c ki bly}Dc{iuci{ y licuigdz{uific{ khj&{d`cz qudriz qhu lh wiejhf `y lifdju` ki l`ukdch{iyu, i}qldxyiNihc [uijjhcd# Lh xyiz{d`c iz{ kizhr`du zd ji{{i ehzi lghli fi qiu&fi{ lhjjz l`ukdch{iyu ky qu&ricy q`yu t kq`ziu li l`gdjdil iz&qd`c# Ni qiczi xyi jilh iz{hjjiq{heli, hy ffi {d{ui xy`c{u`yri hjjiq{heli kick`ffhgiulh q`u{i kyci mhed{h{d`c q`yu thjj`fqldu yci qiuxydzd{d`c# Ciqhz hkfi{{ui ly{dldzh{d`c ky jmi&rhl ki [u`di, jiz{ ukydui guhri&fic{ liz f`ticz kdcriz{dgh{d`c,qydzxyi jiz{ li ziyl f`tic kdc&{iujiq{iu kiz j`ffycdjh{d`czjutq{iz# Lh q`zd{d`c ki Nihc[uijjhcd z`qq`zi jilli kyc hy&
{ui qu`jyuiyu, li Zhdc{&Ghll`dz[m`fhz Mhcznho`e, xyd iz{dfixyi lhu{# 5=1 JQQ ciz{ qhz yciehzi lghli zybbdzhc{i q`yu dc{u`&kydui kiz qu`guhffiz dcb`ufh{d&xyiz khcz yci ehzi ki k`cciz#
Q`yu Nihc [uijjhcd, kiz ldfd{izz`c{ jiu{iz cjizzhduiz> Dl bhy{xyi li [udeychl kiz fizyuiz kij`c{uhdc{iz kbdcdzzi i}hj{ific{li qu`jizzyz xyd rh {ui fdz icyrui i{ dl j`crdic{ ki zdc{iukdui{`y{i qiuxydzd{d`c jlhckiz{dci qhuji edhdz# Dl uij`cch{ xyi li zyni{iz{ {uz ziczdeli q`ld{dxyific{, dlbhd{ qiyu hy qyeldj i{ cjizzd{iyci ehzi lghli qlyz jlhdui q`yukj`yuhgiu {`y{i {ic{h{dri ki qiu&xydzd{d`c zhyrhgi# Dl cic uiz{i qhzf`dcz xyi lh ehzi lghli hj{yilliiz{, fiz tiy}, zybbdzhc{i q`yuyci dc{iujiq{d`c jlhzzdxyi ki {l&j`ffycdjh{d`cz `y q`yu licui&gdz{uific{ qhu wiejhf# Dl zd&gchli xyi liz jhc{`cz ki Gicri,ki Bude`yug i{ ky Rhlhdz `c{ kny{dldz q`cj{yillific{ yc {il
f`tic, xyd ciz{ qhz bhjdli dcz&{hlliu i{ {uz j`{iy} -ic{ui81 111 i{ 51 111 bu#$, ji xydj`cz{d{yi kn yc buidc z`c y{dld&zh{d`c# @c ci rh qhz fi{{ui ic
yrui yc {il f`tic zyu yci qi{d{ihbbhdui, fhdz, zd `c riy{ k fhc{i&liu yc dfq`u{hc{ {uhbdj ki z{yq&bdhc{z khcz li jhkui kyxyil li l`gd&jdil ki {lj`ffycdjh{d`c zotqiiz{ y{dldz, jilh hqqhuh{ j`ffiyci cjizzd{#
Rdziu lh jdeli qly{{
xyi li f`ticLi J`ki ki qu`jkyui qchli
qujdzi f`dcz liz f`ticz ki lhzyuridllhcji xyi ji xyd ic iz{ l`e& ni{, j`czdkui Ztlrhdc F{dlli,k`j{iyu ic ku`d{ i{ hy{iyu kyc hu&{djli j`czhju lh xyiz{d`c zyu lizd{i wielhw8# Jiz{ q`yuxy`d dlbhy{ hchltziu li jmirhl ki [u`di zi&l`c ji xydl qiufi{ ki bhdui# Zdlqiy{ zyuridlliu lh {uhczfdzzd`ckdcb`ufh{d`cz qhu yc `ukdch{iyuuild yc uzihy ki j`ffycdjh&{d`c -{il xydc{iuci{$, dl bhy{ lij`czdkuiu j`ffi yci fizyui kizyuridllhcji ki lh j`uuizq`ckhcjihy zicz ki lhu{# 571 JQQ# Q`yu
xyi lh zyuridllhcji ci z`d{ qhz kdz&qu`q`u{d`cci, dl j`crdic{ hl`uzki qujdziu ji xyd ziuh `eziur-fizzhgiudi dc{iuci{, l`gdjdil ki{lqm`cdi, zizzd`c dc{iuci{ $ khcz
l`ukui k`cc qhu li qu`jyuiyu# Zdjiz{ licrdu`ccific{ xyd iz{ `e&ziur ic hj{drhc{ yci wiejhf `yyc fdju`, lh zd{yh{d`c iz{ hl`uzzifelheli hy bhd{ ki qlhjiu kizdcz{uyfic{z kj`y{i khcz ycijmhfeui, z`d{ kyziu khy{uiz fi&zyuiz {ijmcdxyiz ki zyuridllhcji,hy zicz ki lhu{# 5=1 JQQ# Icbdc,ibbij{yiu yci qiuxydzd{d`c kdz&{hcji ic ujyquhc{ {`y{ ji xyd zi{u`yri zyu li kdzxyi kyu ki l`ukd&ch{iyu, i{ ldczy ki ldc{uizz,ciz{ qhz lghl, dckdxyi&{&dl#
Q`yu zhzzyuiu xyi li q`ldjdiu zic{dicci jiz ldfd{iz, dl bhy{ xyi lhy&{`udzh{d`c ky [udeychl kiz fizyuizki j`c{uhdc{iz z`d{ {uz qujdzi zyuji xyd iz{ uijmiujm i{ hy{`udz,jhu, qhu fj`cchdzzhcji {ijmcd&xyi, ji {udeychl udzxyi ki k`cciuyci hy{`udzh{d`c {u`q lhugi# Dl bhy{hyzzd zhzzyuiu ki lhy{mic{djd{ kizk`cciz xyd `c{ { quliriz, fi{ic ghuki Ztlrhdc F{dlli#
Ztlrdi Bdzjmiu
8Liz fizyuiz ki zyuridllhcji quryiz qhu
li JQQ> Xyilli qlhji q`yu li jmirhl ki[u`di, lDFZD&Jh{jmiu y liz qyjiz UBDK0,
Ztlrhdc F{dlli, nyz{ili{{iu ky 84 k&
jifeui 5188, www#nyzli{{iu#jm
Yci ehzi lghli khcz li JQQ
Khcz li jhkui ki lh urdzd`c ki lh l`d bkuhli zyu lh zyuridllhcji ki lh j`uuizq`ckhcji qhu q`z{i i{
{lj`ffycdjh{d`c -LZJQ[$, li J`czidl bkuhl z`ymhd{i dc{u`kydui yci ehzi lghli qlyz qujdzi q`yu
ly{dldzh{d`c ki {ilz l`gdjdilz ki zyuridllhcji ki lh j`uuizq`ckhcji i{ qu`q`zi, khcz z`c hrhc{&qu`ni{
ki urdzd c ki lh LZJQ[, khn y{iu lhu{djli zydrhc{ hy J`ki ki qu`jkyui qchli>
Hu{# 571edz Dc{iujiq{d`c i{ kjutq{hgi ki k`cciz -c`yrihy$
8 L`uzxyi, khcz li jhkui kyci zyuridllhcji ki lh j`uuizq`ckhcji qhu {lj`ffycdjh{d`c, liz
fizyuiz ki zyuridllhcji qudziz nyzxyhl`uz z`c{ uiz{iz zhcz zyjjz y l`uzxyi liz hy{uiz fizyuiz
ki zyuridllhcji chyuhdic{ hyjyci jmhcji khe`y{du y uickuhdic{ lh zyuridllhcji i}jizzdrific{
kdbbdjdli, li Fdcdz{ui qyeldj qiy{ uk`cciu, ffi ldczy ki lh qiuz`cci zyuridlli, ldc{u`kyj{d`c
khcz yc ztz{fi dcb`ufh{dxyi ki qu`guhffiz dcb`ufh{dxyiz qiufi{{hc{ kdc{iujiq{iu i{ ki ldui kiz
k`cciz# Khcz z`c ukui ki zyuridllhcji, li Fdcdz{ui qyeldj dckdxyi li {tqi ki k`cciz xydl
z`ymhd{i e{icdu#
5 L`ukui ki zyuridllhcji iz{ z`yfdz lhy{`udzh{d`c ky [udeychl kiz fizyuiz ki j`c{uhdc{i#
Li qu`ni{ ki l`d i{ li fizzhgi ci kiruhdic{ {ui uickyz qyeldjz xyi lhc qu`jmhdc#
KU
Liz jmirhy} ki [u`di dcb`ufh{dxyiz z`c{ y{dldzz q`yu zydrui ic kduij{ liz kdzjyzzd`cz qhu fizzhgiudi dcz{hc{hci `y rdh lh {l&
qm`cdi qhu dc{iuci{ -{tqi Zotqi$#