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COMMODITY TRADE AND PRICE TRENDS

Tendances du commerce et des prix des produits de base

Tendencias del comercio y de los precios de los productos basicos

Distributed for the World Bank THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS Baltimore and London

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS (The statistical data precede each chart)

I. INTRODUCTION vi

Standard International Trade Classification for Selected Commodities viii

Economic Classes and Rcgiom x

Conventional Symbob Used x

II. PRIMARY COMMODITY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: 1984-85 xi

III. TRADE

Table l: Value of Primary Commoditie' and Manufactures as a Percentage of Total Exports. 1970, 1980, and 1983 2

Table 2: Value of Primary Commodities and Manufactures as a Percentage of Total Imports, 1970, 1980, and 1983 3

Table 3: Volume, Value and Unit Value Export Indices, I 960-84 4

Table 4: Terms of Trade Indices, I 960-84 5

Table 5: Value Indices of Direction of World Exports, 1960-84 6

Table 6: Market Shares of World Trade by Economic Classes. 1960-84 (percent) 7

Table 7: Commodity/Country Matrix of Exports of Selected Primary Commodities from Developing Countries, Value, Average 1981-83 8

Table 8: Country Share of World Commodity Exports, Average 1981-83 (percent) 14

Table 9: Commodity Share of Country Total Exports, Average 1981-83 (percent) 20

Table l 0: Developing Countries' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 ( l ,000 metric tons) 26

Table ll: Developing Countries' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 28

Table 12: Developing Countries' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (1,000 metric tons) 30

Table 13: Developing Countries' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 32

Table 14: Industrial Market Economies' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 ( l ,000 metric tons) 34

Table 15: Industrial Market Economies' Exports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 36

Table 16: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 ( l ,000 metric tons) 38

Table 17: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Principal Commodities, 1961-84 (US$/metric ton) 40

Table 18: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Selected Commodities from Developing Countries and the World, 1981-83 Average ( l ,000 metric tons) 42

Table 19: Industrial Market Economies' Imports of Selected Commodities from Developing Countries and the World, 1981-83 Average (million US dollars. c.i.f.) 43

IV. PRICE AND FREIGHT RATE INDICES 44

Table 20: Selected Price lndice,, 1960-84 Price Indices of GOP at Market Prices:

OECD-Total United States

US Producer Price Index Manufacturing Unit Value Index (MUV) 45

Table 21: Purchasing Power Index of Primary Commodities Exported by Developing Countries in Terms of Imported Manufactures, 1948-85 46

Table 22: Ocean Freight Rates and Indices, 1960-85 47

V. PRICES 48

FOODS 48

Beverages

Cocoa, Accra, spot New York Cocoa, ICCO, New York & London 49

Coffee, MAMS, spot New York

Coffee, !CO Indicator Price, other milds, ex-dock New York

Coffee, Brazilian Santos 4, spot New York Coffee, Angolan Ambriz 2AA, spot New York 50

Tea, Sri Lankan, London Auction Tea, Northern India, London Auction Tea, Kenyan, London Auction Tea, Average All Tea. London Auction 51

Cereals

Rice, Thai, f.o.b. Bangkok Rice, US, f.o.b. mill 52

Grain Sorghum, US, f.o.b. Gulf ports 53

Maize. Argentine, c.i.f. Rotterdam Maize. US No. 2. f.o.b. Gulf ports 54

Wheat, US. Soft Red Winter. f.o.b. Atlantic ports Wheat. Canadian, Western Red Spring, basis in store.

Thunder Bay 55

Sugar

Sugar, World, raw. f.o.b. Caribbean ports Sugar, London, raw, c.i.f. UK 56

Meat

Beef, US import. frozen. f.o.b. port of entry Beef, Argentine, f.o.b. unit value of exports to

EEC 57

Lamb, New Zealand. London market 58

Fruits and Spices

Bananas, Ecuadorian, fresh, c.i.f. Hamburg Bananas, any origin, fresh, f.o.h. port of entry 59

Pepper, any origin, black, spot New York 60

Oilseeds, Oils, Cakes, and Meals

Copra, Philippines. c.i.f. European ports Coconut Oil, Philippines/Indonesia, c. i. f. Rotterdam 61

Groundnut Meal, Indian, c.i.f. European ports Groundnut Oil, Nigerian, c.i.f. European ports 62

Linseed, Canadian No. l, c.i.f. European ports Linseed Oil, Argentine, c.i.f. Europe 63

Palm Kernels, Nigerian, c.i.f. European ports Palm Oil, Malaysian, c.i.f. European ports 64

Soybeans, US, c.i.f. Rotterdam

Soybean OiL US/any origin. f.o.b .. ex-mill Soybean MeaL US. c.i.f.. Rotterdam 65

FishmeaL Peruvian/other origins. c & f Hamburg 66

NON-FOODS 67

Fibers

Cotton, US. c.i.f. Liverpool Cotton. Egyptian. c. i. f. Liverpool Cotton. "A" Index. c.i.f. North Europe 68

Burlap. US. spot New York 69

Jute. Bangladesh. White C. c.i.f. Dundee Jute. Bangladesh. White D. f.o.b. Chittagong/Chalna 70

SisaL East African. UG. c.i.f. European ports Sisal. Kenyan/Tanzanian. c.i.f. London 71

Wool. New Zealand. 56's, Dominion Auction. c.i.f. UK 72

Rubber

Rubber. natural. RSS I. spot London Rubber. natural. RSS I. spot New York 73

Timber

Logs. Philippines. lauan. average wholesale price in Japan Logs. West African. sapelli. f.o.b. Cameroon 74

Plywood. Philippines. lauan. spot Tokyo 75

Sawnwood. Malaysian. c.i.f. French ports 76

Tobacco

Tobacco. Indian. export unit value 77

FUELS, METALS, AND MINERALS 78

Fuels

CoaL US. bituminous. f.o.b. US ports 79

Petroleum. Saudi Arabian. OPEC Marker Crude. t.o.b.

Ras Tanura Petroleum. Weighted Average OPEC Crude 80

Petroleum Products 81

Non-Ferrous Metals

Aluminum. min. 99.5'k ingot. c.i.f. Europe Aluminum. min. 99.5'71 ingot. LME

Aluminum. 99.57c unalloyed ingot. New York 82

Bauxite. Jamaican. US import reference price 83

Copper. electrolytic wirebar. LME Copper. electrolytic wirebar. New York 84

Lead. soft pigs. LME Lead. pig, desilverized. New York 85

Tin. standard, LME Tin, pig. Straits, New York 86

Zinc, good ordinary brands. LME Zinc. Prime Western Grade. New York 87

Other Metals and Minerals

Iron Ore, Swedish, c.i.f. Rotterdam Iron Ore, Brazilian. c.i.f. North Sea ports 88

Manganese Ore, Indian. 46-487c Mn, c.i.f. US ports 89

Nickel. Canadian. f.o.b. shipping point Nickel, US Spot. f.o.b. New York 90

SteeL Germany. Fed. Rep .. delivered Oherhausen basis Steel, US, f.o.b. midwestern points 91

Fertilizers

Phosphate Rock. Moroccan, f.a.s. Casablanca 92

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). US, f.o.b. Gulf ports 93

Potassium Chloride. Canadian. f.o.b. Vancouver 94

Triple Superphosphate (TSP). US, f.o.b. Gulf ports 95

Urea. any origin. f.o.b. Europe 96

STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION (SITC, Rev. 2) FOR

SELECTED COMMODITIES

SITC COMMODITY CODE

001.1

001.2 001.3

011.1 011.2 011.3 014

022 022.42

022.43

023 024

034 035

036

037

041 042 043 044 045.92

054.1 054.2

054.4 054.5 056.5 057.1

057.2 057.3

Animals of the bovine species (including buffaloes).

live Sheep and goats. live Swine. live

Meat of bovine animals. fresh. chilled. or frozen Meat of sheep and goats. fresh. chilled. or frozen Meat of swine. fresh. chilled. or frozen Meat and edible meat offals. prepared or preserved. n.e.s.: fish extracts

Milk and cream Milk (other than whey) in powder or granules containing not more than 1.5'/c by weight of fat Milk (other than whey) and cream. in powder or granules containing more than I.Sck by weight of fat

Butter Cheese and curd

Fish. fresh. (live or dead). chilled. or frozen Fish. dried. salted or in brine: smoked fish (whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process) Crustaceans and molluscs. whether in shell or not. fresh. chilled. frozen. salted. or dried Fish. crustaceans. and molluscs. prepared or preserved. n.e.s.

Wheat (including spelt) and meslin. unmilled

Rice Barley. unmilled Maize (corn). unmilled Sorghum. unmilled

Potatoes. fresh or chilled (not including sweet potatoes) Beans. peas. lentils. and other leguminous vegetables. dried. shelled. whether or not skinned or split Tomatoes, fresh or chilled Other fresh or chilled vegetables Vegetables. preserved or prepared. n.e.s. Oranges. mandarins. clementines. and other similar citrus hybrids. fresh or dried Other citrus fruit. fresh or dried Bananas (including plantains). fresh or dried

057.4 Apples. fresh 057.51 Grapes. fresh 057.71 Coconuts. fresh or dried (excluding copra). shelled or

not 057.96 Dates. fresh or dried 058.3 Jams. marmalades. fruit jellies. fruit purees. and fruit

pastes. being cooked preparations. whether or not containing added sugar

058.5 Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable juices. unfennented. whether or not sugar added but not containing spirib

061.1 061.2

071.1

071.2 0721 0722 072.31

072.32 074.1 075.1

OS1.3

081.31

081.32

081.41

081.42

112.1 112.3

121

211

Sugars. beet and cane. raw. solid Refined sugars and other products of refining beet and cane sugar. solid

Coffee. whether or not roasted or freed of caffeine: coffee husks and skins: coffee substitutes containing coffee in any proportion Extract>. essences or concentrates of coffee. etc. Cocoa beans. whole or broken. raw or roasted Cocoa powder. unsweetened Cocoa paste (in hulk or in block). whether or not defatted Cocoa butter (fat or oi I)

Tea Pepper of the genus "Piper": pimento of the genus "Capsicum .. or of the genus .. Pi menta ..

Oil-cake and other residues (except dregs) resulting from the extraction of vegetable oils Oil-cake and other residues (except dregs) resulting from the extraction of soya beans Oil-cake and other residues (except dregs) resulting from the extraction of groundnuts Flours and meals of meat or offals (including tankage). unfit for human consumption: greaves Flours and meals of fish. crustaceans. or molluscs. unfit for human consumption

Wine of fresh grapes (including grape must) Beer made from malt (including ale. stout. and porter)

Tobacco. unmanufactured; tobacco refuse

Hides and skins (except fur skins). raw

222.1 222.2 222.3 222.4 222.6 223.1 223.2 223.4 223.5 223.8

232

245 246 247. 247.2 248 248.1 248.2

248.3

263.1 264

265.4

265.5

265.9 26S.I 268.2

271.3

281 287.

2H7.3l 2S7.32 287.4

Groundnuts (peanuts). green. whether or not shelled

Soya beans Cottonseeds Sunflower seeds Rape and colza seeds Copra Palm nub and palm kernels Linseed Castor oil seeds Oil seeds and oleaginous fruit. n.e.s.

Natural rubber latex: natural rubber and similar natural gums

Fuel .... ood (excluding wood waste) and wood charcoal Pulpwood <including chips and wood waste) Sawlogs and veneer logs. of coniferous species Saw log~ and veneer log:-.. of non-coniferous :-.pccies Wood. simply worked. and railway sleepers of wood Railway or tramway sleepers (ties) of "ood Wood of coniferous species. sawn. planed. tongued.

gmoved. etc. Wood of non-coniferous species. sawn. planed.

tongued. grooved. etc.

Cotton (other than linters). not carded or combed Jute and other textile bast fibers. n.e.s .. raw or processed hut not spun: tow and waste thereof Sisal and other fibers of the agave family. rav. or

processed but not spun: waste of such fibe" Manila hemp (abaca) ("Musa textilis"). raw or processed but not spun: tow and waste of Manila hemp Vegetable textile fibers. n.e.s .. and waste of such fibers Sheep's or lambs' wool. greasy or fleece-washed Sheep's or lambs wool. degreased. whether or not bleached or dyed in the mass. not carded or combed

Natural calcium phosphates. natural aluminum calcium phosphates. apatite. and phosphatic chalk

Iron ore and concentrates Copper ores and concentrates: copper matte: cement

copper Aluminum orcs and concentrates Alumina (aluminum oxide) Lead ores and concentrates

2K7.5 287.6

287.7

PJ

333

334

411 I

411.3

423.2 423.3 423.4 423.5 423.6 423.91 42-U 424.2 424.3

424.4 424.5

652

654.5

6lQ.

61\3. 684. 685.1 ti86.1 6ll7. I

Zinc nrcs and concentrates

Tin ores and concentrates

Manganese orcs and concentrates

CoaL lignite. and peat

Petroleum crude. and crude oils obtained from bituminous mineruls Petroleum products. refined

rats and oils of fish and marine mammals. whether or not retlncd

Animal oib. fats. and greases. n.c.s.

Soya bean Cotton seed

Gmundnut tpeanu() Olive oil Sunllower seed oil

Rape. colza. and mustard oils Linseed nil

Palm oil Coconut (copra) oil

Palm kernel

Castor oil

Cotton fabrics. woven (not including natmw or special

fabrkcs)

Fabrics. woven. of JUte tlr tlf other textile bast fibers of

heading 264.0

Copper and copper alloys. refined or not, unwrought

Ni<:kel and nickel alloys. unwrought (ingot>, pigs, etc.

Aluminum ami aluminum alloys. unwrought Lead and lead alloys. unwmught Zinc and zinc alloys. unwrought <hlncb. plates. etc.

Tin and tin alloy:-,, unwrought (blocks. ingots. etc.)

Suurn': United Nati(m:-,. : .. ;twulard lmcnuuional Tuttle ( "/assi!ication

RtTJ:,ion ..!, Stali'ilH:al Papers. Sene:-. f'vL No. 34rRev.2.

ix

-------------------------------------------------............ ..

xii

PRIMARY COMMODITY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: 1984-85

Primary commodity prices have followed an unusual path in the recent post-recession period of 1983-85. Unlike previous economic recoveries that were accompanied by an upsurge of primary commodity prices, the latest post-recession period has been characterized by sharp price increases during the early phase of recovery and subsequent sharp declines in the midst of ongoing but restrained economic expansion. More surpris­ingly, by the middle of 1985. primary commodity prices in US dollar terms had fallen below the recession lows of 1982 to a record low for the post-World War II period in terms of the terms of trade vis-a-vis export prices of manufactures.

Peculiarities of the 1983-85 recovery of the market economies clearly have been a key factor in the behavior of primary com­modity prices. The recovery. which has been weak and uneven, had, by early 1985, lost much of its momentum. Primary com­modity prices increased sharply in 1983 in response to the strong economic recovery in the United States and, later. in Japan. However, economic growth in the rest of the market economies continued to stagnate well into 1984. The growth of gross na­tional product (GNP) of European countries that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop­·ment (OECD) averaged only 1.4 percent and 2.4 percent for 1983 and 1984, respectively, while industrial production grew by only I. I percent and 3 percent. Many developing market economies also failed to grow because, among other things, of adjustments to their large external debt. Growth in 1985 has been disappointing in practically all the market economy coun­tries, even for the developing countries of East Asia.

Supplies of primary commodities, the exchange rate of the US dollar, and the real interest rate moved adversely for primary commodity producers early in 1984, a time at which expectations of a sizable growth in demand began to dissipate. Agricultural production, particularly of grains, cotton, and oilseeds, returned to record high levels after the J 982-83 shortfalls that had been caused by bad weather and the acreage-reduction program of the United States. Continuing favorable weather conditions in most large producing countries and government -supported prices, particularly in the United States and European Community, helped boost agricultural output (notably in grains and sugar), preventing stocks from returning to more normal levels. The rise in prices of metals and minerals in 1983 induced sharp increases in supplies from previously idled capacities. This re­action made it painfully clear that market fundamentals for most metals and minerals remain one of excess supply--despite recent

industry restructuring. The high real interest rates that prevailed during 1983-85 exacerbated the situation by reducing inventory holdings to a minimum. The 1981-82 recession led to marked decreases in costs of production in the metals and minerals industries. Some of these decreases in costs (such as those that come from deferring maintenance and "high-grading" of ores) are no doubt temporary measures, but there is evidence that there have been sustainable improvements in productivity that have led to downward revisions in price forecasts for these commodities.

The appreciation of the US dollar undoubtedly acted as a strong depressant to dollar-denominated prices of primary com­modities through early 1985. Between the end of 1982 and the end of February 1985. the value of the dollar appreciated by 45 percent against the European currency unit (ECU) and by 15 percent against the special drawing right (SDR). Taking an average estimate of 0.4-0.6 for the elasticity of primary com­modity prices with respect to movements in the dollar exchange rate, it is easy to conclude that the negative effect of the dollar appreciation, especially over the period from mid-1984 through early 1985, accounts for most of the decline in primary com­modity prices. However, the positive effect of the steady decline in the value of the dollar since early 1985 has not been clearly visible in recent primary commodity price movements. This may be an indication of the severity of the adverse movements in the market fundamentals and the lag required for exchange rate adjustments to work through into commodity prices.

Primary Commodity Price Movements By October 1985. the World Bank's index of thirty-three

nonfuel primary commodity prices had fallen. in current dollar terms, to 82.5 (1977-79 = 100)-a level below that of the reces­sion low of 88.5 in October 1982 (sec Table 4) and one that is almost 20 percent below the post-recession peak reached a year later, For 1985 as a whole, the terms-of-trade index of primary commodities vis-a-l'is manufactured exports is expected to be at a post-World War lJ low (see Table 21).

The latest slump in the prices of primary commodities has been pervasive and severe. In general, agricultural commodity prices fell more than prices of metals and minerals. In October 1985, the price index of agricultural food commodities stood at 73.9 ( 1977-79 = 100); for agricultural nonfood commodities it was 87.8: and the index of metals and minerals was 93.3. The decline from the post-recession peak was steepest for agricultural

food (- 25.5 percent), followed by agricultural nonfood ( - 22.3 percent) and metals and minerals (- 12 percent). Declines were greatest for fats and oils, cereals, and beverages among the agricultural food commodities.

Tea prices led the 1983-84 rise in the beverage price index; the same high prices, however, were a major factor behind price declines in 1984-85. The high prices in 1983 and 1984 were due mainly to stagnant production in the two main producing coun­tries, India and Sri Lanka, and the export limitations imposed by the Indian government in the first half of 1984. The sharp declines in tea prices in 1984-85 followed strong supply re­sponses to the increase in prices in the main tea-exporting coun­tries. India's production, for example, increased from 560.000 tons in 1981-82 to a record of 645,000 tons in 1984. A large portion of the 1984 output increases can be attributed to "coarse plucking"- a practice that is likely to reduce a plant's pro­duction potential for up to two years. The poorer-quality leaves that resulted from "coarse plucking" also contributed to the decline in average tea prices.

Cocoa and coffee prices eased in 1984-85 when it became clear that the Ivory Coast would harvest a record cocoa crop and that world production of robusta coffee had increased. As 1985 drew to a close. however, coffee prices rallied strongly with the news that the 1986-87 output from Brazil would be no more than half that of the previous year as a result of drought; the possibility also existed that the 1987-88 harvest would be adversely affected. The sharp reduction in world output and stocks stemming from the loss in Brazilian output foreshadows much improved terms of trade and export earnings for those developing countries that are heavily dependent on coffee ex­ports.

Record harvests of wheat, rice. and maize in 1984-85, com­bined with shrinking export markets for these commodities, were responsible for the lowest level in the price index for cereals in more than a decade. Extensive subsidies for grain production not only made supplies unresponsive to prices, but also reduced the trade in grains. Except for the Soviet Union, most countries that import grains have steadily been cutting back on purchases: some have even become exporters (indonesia, for example, has become an exporter of rice. while China has recently exported maize).

The latest decline in fats and oils prices has been as equally dramatic as their rise in 1983-84. The effect of the adverse weather conditions that initially touched off the price increases

appears to have been somewhat exaggerated. for world oil seeds production recovered 14 percent in 19X4-g5 and sharply higher

output is forecast for 1985-86. Free market sugar prices reached a low point of 13 cents a

kilogram (13¢/kg) in October 1982. Expectations that output in 1983-84 would be down sharply as a result of adverse weather in the southern hemisphere. caused prices to increase to 23. 7rt /kg in June 1983. These expectations were not fulfilled. and with production being sustained by government-supported price regimes and with an increase in trade restraints. prices fell to a low of 6.1 ¢/kg in June 1985. Prices have recently increased to 12 .Oclkg in the expectation that world consumption would exceed production in 1985-86 after four years of surpluses. There is still no firm sign. however. that excessive stock levels will be quickly reduced: reductions can take place only slowly through increases in consumption. A lessening of producer price supports in many producing countries is necessary to achieve a sensible balance in this market

The 1983-g4 recovery of agricultural raw material prices began to erode as soon as growth in industrial production in the developed countries showed signs of slowing down. Al­though the US automobile industry continued to enjoy excellent growth through the third quarter of 1985. the rest of the industrial countries experienced a decline in passenger car production in 1984. Total OECD car production and. therefore. demand for rubber. was flat Additional supplies of natural rubber made available by the larger-than-normal production during the winter months worsened the situation for rubber producers. Cotton production in the US rebounded as the acreage-reduction pro­gram expired. and increases in production elsewhere (particu­larly in China) led to a build up of cotton stocks to about 55 percent of annual consumption. as compared with the usual figure of between 33 and 37 percent. Relief for cotton producers from the current low cotton prices depends primarily on policy responses in the United States and China. China has already cut back sharply on producer incentives. but it is difficult to see it being able to clear its cotton stocks for another two to

three years. After increasing slightly in early 1983. metals and minerals

prices headed downward in 1984 despite moderate growth in demand for most metals. Consumption of copper in the market economies experienced a spectacular I I percent growth in 1984. while production of copper was below the level of 1983. How­ever. the price of copper generally declined throughout 1984.

This perversity can be explained only by the US dollar appre­ciation during this period. Copper prices received a boost in early 1985 when the US dollar began to depreciate. but sub­stantial reductions in industrial demand soon overtook the pos­itive impact of the dollar depreciation to push prices downward. Aluminum experienced a moderate growth in demand (estimated at 3 percent) in 1984. but production cutbacks in the United States were more than offset by increases elsewhere. again stimulated by dollar appreciation. Although growth in demand for aluminum was still positive through the first half of 1985, and production was cut by 3.5 percent for the first eight months of 1985. aluminum prices continued to fall through November 1985. The percentage decline in aluminum prices between 1983 and January-November 1985 was the largest among the metals, mostly because of the industry's inability to restrict production.

Prices of tin. lead. zinc. nickel. manganese ore. and iron ore have fared better than those of copper and aluminum. Although the balance between supply and demand in 1985 for all of these metals has decidedly turned to one of excessive supply. these industries have. until recently. generally managed to restrain production to achieve approximate balance. Lately. however. some of these industries have shown an inability to maintain control over production to defend prices. Tin is a clear example. The International Tin Council (lTC). which had controlled tin production and managed tin buffer stocks to support prices, lost control of the market because of its inability to finance further purchases into buffer stocks and to control the production of nonmembers of the International Tin Agreement.

Prices for crude oil have been steadily declining since 1982. as supplies increased and demand lessened. Producers from countries that are members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have steadily lost market shares as nonmember producers have increased production in response to the supported prices. The attempt to maintain oil prices in the face of increased non-OPEC production and weakening demand has led OPEC producers to reduce production. How­ever. limits to this price-support role are being reached as export revenues decline: the OPEC cartel is currently at a critical point of reconsideration of its role in the market.

Crude oil demand has been under pressure on at least three fronts. First. the substitution towards other fuels and conser­vation in use has gone on apace since the sharp price increases in the 1970s. Second. the 1981-82 recession. in particular. and generally slow economic growth in the industrial countries over

the past decade have dampened industrial demand for energy. Third, the appreciation of the US dollar has meant that dollar­priced oil has not fallen in domestic-currency terms for Western European countries. even as the price was declining in terms of US dollars.

Trends in Primary Commodity Trade Nonfuel primary commodities are an important source of

export earnings (26.5 percent in 1983) for developing countries (see Table I). although their importance has been declining

steadily over the years. About fifty developing countries rely on primary commodities (including petroleum) for more than half of their export earnings (see Table 9). The developing countries have been playing an increasingly important role in world trade of manufactures and petroleum (at least up to 1980. when OPEC s market share began to decline): in non fuel primary commodity trade. however. their importance has been dimin­ishing. and their share in the market economies· exports of nonfuel primary commodities has declined from 38 percent in 1970 to 35 percent in 1983 (see Table I). It has been the increase in manufactured exports that has propelled the developing coun­tries share in world exports of nonfuel commodities (both pri­mary and manufactured). from 13 percent in 1973 to 16.5 per­cent in 1984.

In 1984. world exports increased 9 percent by volume and 6 percent by value over 1983 (implying a 3 percent decline in the unit value). This was a remarkable improvement over the pre­ceding three years; world trade volume in 1983. a recovery year. increased only 3 percent. while trade value declined by 2 per­cent. However. the value of world exports in 1984 was still lower than that of 1980 in current dollar terms.

Primary commodity exports did not fare as well as manu­factured goods in the 1984 trade expansion. World export vol­ume of agricultural products increased by 7 percent; minerals (including fuels) increased by 3 percent. while manufactured goods exports increased by 12 percent. Exports of nonfuelmin­

erals increased by 4 percent in 1984. following a hefty 7 percent increase in 1983. This pattern of trade expansion is typical during times of economic recovery, but the discrepancy between the export growth rates of non fuel minerals and manufactured goods appears to be unusually large.

Exports of th.e developing countries performed slightly better than the world as a whole in 1984: export volume increased by 10 percent and export value grew by 8.4 percent (see Table 3).

TABLE DES MATIERES (Les statistiques sont indiquees avant le diagramme)

I. INTRODUCTION xviii

Classification type pour le commerce international pour certains produits xx

Categories economiques et regions xxii

Signes conventionnels utilises xxii

II. EVOLUTION DU MARCHE DES PRODUITS DE BASE: 1984-85 xxiii

III. COMMERCE

Tableau I: Valeur des produits de base et des produits manufactures exprimee en pourcentage de Ia valeur totale des exportations en 1970. 1980 et 1983 2

Tableau 2: Valeur des produits de base et des produits manufactures exprimee en pourcentage de Ia valeur to tale des importations en 1970. 1980 et 1983 3

Tableau 3: Indices de volume, de valeur et de valeur unitaire des exportations. 1960-84 4

Tableau 4: Indices des termes de I'echange. 1960-84 5

Tableau 5: Indices de valeur des courants d'exportations mondiales. 1960-84 6

Tableau 6: Parts du marche du commerce mondial par categories economiques, 1960-84 (en pourcentage J 7

Tableau 7: Matrice des exportations de quelques produits de base en provenance des pays en developpement. par produits de base et par pays, valeur moyenne, 1981-83 8

Tableau 8: Part du pays dans les exportations mondiales de produits de base, moyenne, 1981-83 (en pourcentage) 14

Tableau 9: Part du produit dans les exportations de pays, moyenne, 1981-83 (en pourcentage) 20

Tableau I 0: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement, 1961-84 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 26

Tableau II: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement. 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 28

Tableau 12: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement, 1961-84 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 30

Tableau 13: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement. 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 32

Tableau 14: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche, 1961-84 (milliers des tonnes metriques) 34

Tableau 15: Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche. 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 36

Tableau 16: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche. 1961-84 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 3!1

Tableau 17: Importations des principaux produits de base des pays industriels a economic de marche, 1961-84 ($EU/tonne metrique) 40

Tableau 18: Importations par les pays industriels a economic de marche de produits de base en provenance de pays en developpement et de !'ensemble du monde, valeur moyenne de Ia periode 1981-83 (milliers de tonnes metriques) 42

Tableau 19: Importations par les pays industriels a economic de marche de produits de base en provenance de pays en cteveloppement et de !'ensemble du monde. valeur moyenne de Ia periode 1981-83 (millions de dollars EU, c.a.f.) 43

IV. INDICES DES PRIX ET DES TAUX DE FRET 44

Tableau 20: Indices de prix selectionnes, 1960-84

Indices des prix du PIB aux prix du marche: OCDE-Total Etats-Unis

Indice des prix a Ia production des EU Indice de Ia valeur unitaire des produits manufactures (VUM) 45

Tableau 21: Indice du pouvoir d'achat des exportations de produits de base par les pays en developpement en fonction des importations de produits manufactures, 1948-85 46

Tableau 22: Taux de fret et indices des taux de fret par voie maritime, 1960-85 47

V. PRIX 48

PRODUITS AUMENT AIRES 48

Boissons

Cacao. Accra. comptant New York Cacao, OIC. New York et Londres 49

Cafe. MAMS. comptant New York Cafe. prix indicatif de ·'JCO". autres doux. New

York Cafe. bresilien Santos 4, comptant New York Cafe. angolais Ambriz 2AA. comptant New

York 50

The. sri-lankais, encheres Londres The. Inde du Nord. encheres Londres The. kenyen. encheres Londres The, moyenne gem'rale. encheres Londres 51

Cereales

Riz, thallandais. f.o.b. Bangkok Riz. EU. f.o.b. usine 52

Sorgho. EU. f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mexique 53

Ma'is. argentin. c.a.f. Rotterdam Ma'is. EU, f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mexique 54

Ble, EU. "Soft Red Winter," f.o.b. ports atlantiques Ble. canadien "Western Red Spring," entrepot

Thunder Bay 55

Sucre

Sucre, mondial. brut, f.o.b. et arrimage ports antillais Sucre. Londres, brut, c.a.f., Royaume-Uni 56

Viandes

Boeuf. conge I e. EU. viandes importees, f.o.b. port d'entree

Boeuf, argentin, valeur unitaire de Ia CEE 57

Agneau, Nouvelle-Zelande. Londres 58

Fruits et epices

Bananes, equatoriennes, c.a.f. Hambourg Bananes. toute origine. f.o.b. port d'entree 59

Poivre noir. toute origine. comptant. New York 60

Graines oleagineuses, huiles, tourteaux et moulus

Copra, Philippines, c.a.f. ports europeens Huile de coco. Phi-Iippines/lndonesie, c.a.f. Rotterdam 61

Farine d'arachide. toutc origine. c.a.f. ports europeens Huile d'arachide, nigerianc, c.a.f. ports europeens 62

Graine de lin. canadienne. c.a.f. ports europeens Huile de graine de lin. argentine. c.a.f. Europe 63

Palmistes, nigerians, c.a.f. ports europeens Huile de palme, malaisienne, c.a.f. ports europeens 64

Graines de soja. EU, c.a.f. Rotterdam Huile de soja. EU/toute origine. c.a.f. Rotterdam Farine de soja, EU, c.a.f. Rotterdam 65

Farine de poisson. peruvienne/autres origines. c & f Hambourg 66

PRODUITS NON ALIMENT AIRES 67

Fibres

Cot on, EU, c .a. f. Liverpool Coton, egyptien, c.a.f. Liverpool Coton, lndice "A", c.a.f. Nord de !'Europe 68

Toile de jute. EU comptant New York 69

Jute, Bangladesh, "White C", c .a. f. Dundee Jute, Bangladesh, "White D", f.o.b. Chittagong/

Chalna 70

Sisal, est-africain, OUG. c.a.f. ports europeens Sisal, kenyen/tanzanien, c. a. f. Londres 71

Laine, Nouvelle-Zelande. 56. encheres Dominion. c.a.f. RU 72

Caoutchouc

Caoutchouc, nature!, RSS I, comptant, Londres Caoutchouc, nature!, RSS I, comptant, New York 73

Bois de charpente

Bois en grumes, lauan, Philippines, en gros. Japon Bois en grumes. ouest-africain. sapelli. f.o.b.

Cameroun 74

Bois contre-playue, lauan Philippines, comptant Tokyo 75

Bois de sciage. malaisicn. c.a.f. ports fran<;ais 76

Tabac

Tabac. indien, valeur unitaire a !'exportation 77

CARBURANTS, METAUX ET MINERAUX 78

Carburants

Charbon, EU bitumineux. f.o.b. ports des EU 79

Petrole. saoudien. brut de reference OPEP, f.o.b. Ras Tanura

Petrole. moyenne ponderee brut OPEP 80

Produits petroliers 81

Metaux non ferreux

Aluminium, min. 99.5'7c, !ingots, c.a.f. Europe Aluminium, !ingots locaux purs, 99,5'7c, New York Aluminium, !ingots. min. 99,5%, Londres 82

Bauxite, jamaiquain, prix de reference des EU 83

Cuivre, electrolytiyue, Londres Cuivre, electrolytique, New York 84

Plomb, mou, en saumons, Londres Plomb, en saumons, desargente, New York 85

Etain. standard. Londres Etain. en saumons, lnsulinde. New York 86

Zinc, bonnes marques ordinaires, Londres Zinc, "Prime Western Grade", New York 87

Divers metaux et mineraux

Minerai de fer. suedois. c.a.f. Rotterdam Minerai de fer. bresilien, c.a.f. ports de Ia mer du

Nord 88

Minerai de manganese, indien. c.a.f. ports des EU 89

Nickel, canadien. f.o.b. port embaryuement NickeL EU, comptant. f.o. b. New York 90

Acier. Allemagne. Rep. fed .. rendu Oberhausen Acier. EU, f.o.b. Etab du centre des EU 91

Engrais

Phosphate nature!, marocain. f.a.s. Casablanca 92

Phosphates ammoniacaux, EU, f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mexiyue 98

Chlorurc de potasse, canadien. f.o.h. Vancouver 94

Triple superphosphate (TSP), EU ports du Golfe du Mexique 95

Uree. toute origine, f.o.b. Europe 96

- ~----~------------------

CLASSIFICATION TYPE POUR LE COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL (CTCI, Rev. 2) POUR CERTAINS PRODUITS

INDI­CATIF CTCI

001 I

001.2

001.3

Oil. I

011.2

011.3

0!4

022 02242

02243

023 024

034 035

036

037

041 042 043 044 045.92

054.1

PRODUIT

Animaux vivants de l'espece bovine (y compris les animaux du genre buftle) Animaux vivants des especes <>Vine et caprine Animaux vivants de l'espece porcine

Viandes de l'espece bovine. fraiches. refrigerees ou

congeh~es

Viandes des especes ovincs. fraiches. refrigerees ou conge lees Viandes de l'espece porcine. fraiches. refrigerees ou

conge lees Preparations ou conserves de viandes. n.d.a.: extraits de

poisson

Lait et creme de lait Lait (a !'exception du lactoserum). en poudre ou granules d'une teneur en poids de matieres grasses inferieure ou egale a I .59< Lait (a !'exception du lactoserum) et creme de lait. en poudre ou granules d'une teneur en poids de matieres grasses superieure a 1,5o/c Beurre Fromage et caillebotte

Poissons frais (vivants ou morts). rcfrigeres ou congeles Poissons seches. sales ou en Saumure: poissons fumes (meme cuits avant ou pendant le fumage) Crustaces et mollusques. y compris les coquillagcs (meme separes de leur carapace ou coquille). frais (vivants ou morts). refrigen~s. congeh's. seches. sales ou en saumure: crustaces non decortiques. simplement

cuits a l'eau Poissons. crustaces et mollusques, prepares ou conserves, n.d.a.

Froment (y compris l'epeautre) et meteil non moulus Riz Orge non monde Ma'is non moulu Sorgho non moulu

Pommes de terre fraiches ou refrigen~es (a !'exception des palates douces)

054.2

054.4 054.5

056.5 057.1

057.2 057.3

057.4 057.51 057.71

057.96 058.3

058.5

061.1 061.2

071.1

071.2

072.1 072.2 072.31

072.32

074.1 075.1

081.3

Legumes a cosse sees, ecosses. memc ctecortiques ou casses Tomales fraiches ou refrigerees Autres legumes et plantes potageres. a l'etat frais ou n~frigere

Legumes prepares ou conserves. n.d.a. Oranges. mandarines. clementines ou autres hybrides similaires d'agrumes. frais ou sees Autres agrumes. frais ou sees Bananes (y compris les bananes des Antilles). fraiches ou seches Pommes fraiches Raisins t'rais Noix de coco fraiches ou seches (a !'exclusion du coprah). memc sans leurs coques ou decortiquees Dattes fraiches ou seches Purees et pates de fruits, confitures. gelees. marmelades. obtenues par cuisson. avec ou sans addition de sucre Jus de fruits (y compris les mouts de raisins) ou de legumes, non fermentes. sans addition d'alcool, avec ou sans addition de sucre

Sucres de betterave et de canne. bruts a l'etat solide Sucre raffine et autres produits provenant du raffinage du sucre de betterave ou de canne, a l'etat solide

Cafe, meme torrefie ou decafeine; coques et pellicules de cafe: succedanes du cafe con tenant du cafe. quelles que soient les proportions du melange Extraits ou essences de cafe et preparations il base de ces extraits ou essences: chicoree torrefiee et autres succedanes torrefies du cafe et leurs extraits Cacao en feves et brisures de feves. bruts ou torrefies Cacao en poudre, non sucre Cacao en masse ou en pains (pate de cacao). meme

degraisse Beurre de cacao. y compris Ia graisse et I 'huile de cacao The Poivre (du genre "Piper"): piments (du genre "Capsicum" et du genre "Pimenta")

Tourteaux. grignons d'olives et autres residus de !'extraction des huiles vegetales, a !'exclusion des lies

ou feces

081.31

081.32

081.41

081.42

112.1 112.3

121

211

222.1 222.2 222.3

222.4 222.6 223.1 223.2 223.4 223.5 223.8

232

245

246

247.1 247.2 248

248.1 248.2 248.3

263.1

Tourteaux. grignons d'olives et autres residus de !'extraction de soja, a !'exclusion des lies ou feces Tourteaux. grignons d'olives et autres residus de !'extraction d'arachides, a !'exclusion des lies ou feces Farines et poudres de viandes et d'abats (y compris les rcsidus de graisse)' impropres a ]'alimentation humaine: cretons Farines et poudres de poissons. crustaccs ou mollusques. impropres a !'alimentation humaine

Vins de raisins frais (y compris les mouts de raisins) Biere' (y compris !'ale. le stout et le porter)

Tabacs bruts ou non fabriques: dechets de tabac

Cuirs et peaux (a !'exception des pelleteries). bruts

Arachides non grillees. decortiquees ou non Feves de soja Graines de coton Graines de toumesol Graines de navette et de colza Coprah Noix et amandes de palmiste Graines de lin Graines de ricin Graines et fruits oleagineux, n.d.a.

Latex de caoutchouc nature!: caoutchouc nature! et gommes naturelles analogues

Bois de chauffage (a !'exclusion des dechets de bois) et charbon de bois Bois de trituration (y compris les plaquettes et les dechets de bois) Bois de coniferes pour sciage ou placage Bois autres que de coniferes. pour sciage ou placage Bois, simplement travailles, et traverses en bois pour voies fem~es Traverses en bois pour voies ferrees Bois de coniferes. scies, rabotes, raines. languetes. etc. Bois autres que de coniferes, scies, rabotes. raines, languetes. etc.

Coton (non compris les linters) en masse

264

265.4

265.5

265.9 268.1 268.2

271.3

281 287.

287.31 287.32 287.4 2tn.s 287.6 287.7

322

333 334

411.1

411.3

423.2 423.3 423.4 423.5 423.6 423.91

424.1

Jute et autre' fibres textiles libcriennes. n.d.a .. bruts. deeortiques ou autrement traites mais non files~ etoupes et deehets de ces fibres (y compris les effilochcs) Sisal et autres fibres de Ia famille des agaves. bruts ou travailles. mais non files: dechets de ces fibre' (y compris les effiloches) Abaca (chanvre de Manille ou "Musa textilis") brut. en filasse ou travaille. mais non file: etoupes et dechets. d'abaca (y compris les cffiloches) Fibres textiles vcgetales. n.d.a .. et dechets de ces fibres Laines en suint ou lavees a dos Laine degraissee. blanchie. teinte ou non teinte. en

masse

Phosphates de calcium naturels. phosphates alumino­calciques naturels. apatite et craies phosphatees

Minerais de fer ct conccntrcs Minerais de cuivrc. mfme enrichis; mattes de cuivre; cuivre de cement Minerais d'aluminium, meme enrichis Alumine (oxyde d'aluminium) Minerais de plomb, meme enrichis Minerais de Line. meme enrichis Minerais d'etain. mcme enrichis Minerais de manganese, meme enrichis (y compris les minerais de fer mangant!siferes d'une tencur en manganese de 20'7c ou plus en poids)

Houilles, lignites et tourbe

Huiles brutes de petrole ou de mineraux bitumineux Produits raffincs du pctrole

Graisses et huiles de poissons et de mammiferes marin~. meme raffinees Huiles, grais"cs ct corp~ gra~ (foriginc animalc. n.d.a.

Huile de soja Huile de coton Huik d'arachide Huilc d'olive Huile de toumesol Huiles de navctte. de col1.a et de moutarde Huile de lin

424.2 424.3 424.4 424.5

652

654.5

682.1

683.1

684 685.1 686.1

687.1

Huile de palme Huile de noix de coco ( coprah) Huile de palmiste Huile de ricin

Tissus de coton (a !'exception des ti>sus en petite largeur et des tissus speciaux) Tissus de jute ou d'autres fibres textiles liberiennes du sous-group 264.0

Cuivre brut (cuivre pour affinag:e et cuivre affine). y compris les a!liages de cuivre Nickel et a!liages de nickel. bruts ((!ingots. saumons, ronde!les. cubes et autres formes primaires (a

!'exclusion des anodes pour nickelage)). Aluminium Plomb ct al!iages de plomb. bruts Zinc et alliages de zinc. bruts (en masses, !ingots. plaques. bi!lettes. grenailles et autres formes primaires similaires)

Etain et alliages d'etain. bruts (en masses. !ingots. saumons. plaques. barres. rondclles. baguettes et autres formes primaires similaires)

Source: Natiom. Umes. Cla:-,s!fh·ation type pour le commerce internatumal, rb·isCe 2, eTudes sratisriqm:)·. sirie M. N" 34, rh·. 2.

xxi

xxiv

EVOLUTION DU MARCHE DES PRODUITS DE BASE : 1984-85

Les prix des produits de base ont subi une evolution inha­bituelle pendant les annees 1983 a 1985, c'est-a-dire depuis la fin de la recession. Alors que les precedentes reprises econo­miques s 'etaient accompagnees d 'un boom des prix des produits de base, la demiere s 'est caracterisee par de fortes augmentations des prix pendant sa premiere phase, qui ont ete suivies de fortes baisses dans un climat d 'expansion economique persistante mais peu vigoureuse. Chose encore plus surprenante, au milieu de 1' an nee 1985, Jes prix des produits de base exprimes en dollars des Etats-Unis etaient tombes au-dessous des niveaux de 1982, les plus faibles enregistn's pendant Ia recession et, en fait, par rapport aux prix des exportations de produits manufactures, ils n' avaient jamais ete aussi bas depuis Ia fin de la deuxieme guerre mondiale.

Les particularites de Ia reprise des annees 1983-85 dans Jes economies de marchc ont manifestement jouc un role deter­minant dans le comportement des prix des produits de base. Cctte reprise, faible et inegale d'un pays a !'autre. avait des le debut de 1985 perdu unc grande partie de son clan. Vigoureuse aux Etats-Unis. puis au Japon. elle a provoque en 1983 une forte hausse des prix des produits de base. Toutefois. dans le reste des economies de marche. Ia croissance economique a continue de stagner pendant une grande partie de I' an nee 1984. Lc produit national brut (PNB) des pays europeens membres de !'Organisation de cooperation et de developpement econo­miques (OCDE) n'a augmente en moyenne que de 1.4 'k et 2.4 ')( en 1983 et 1984, respcctivement, et Ia croissance de Ia production industrielle a etc de 1.1 'i< et 3 'k seulement. La croissance a egalement ete impossible dans beaucoup de pays en developpement a economic de marc he a cause. notamment. des ajustements qu · appelait leur importante dctte exterieure. L. evolution en 1985 a ete decevante dans pratiquement to us lcs pays a economic de marche. meme les pays en developpement de I'Asie de !'Est.

L'offre de produits de base, le taux de change du dollar des Etats-Unis et le taux d' interet reel ont joue contre les exportations de produits de base au debut de 1984. epoque a laquelle l'espoir d'unc expansion notable de Ia demande a commence a s"estom­per. La production agricolc. en particulier Ia production de cereales. de coton et de graines oleagineuses. est remontee a des niveaux records apres les penuries provoquees par les in­temperies et le programme de reduction des surfaces cultivees aux Etats-Unis. La persistance de conditions climatiques fa­vorables dans Ia plupart des principaux pays producteurs et Ia

poursuite d'une politique de soutien des prix. en particulier aux Etats-Unis et dans Ia Communaute europeenne. ont contribue ala gontler (notamment Ia production de cereales et de sucre), et Jes stocks n'ont pu revenir a des niveaux plus normaux. La hausse de prix des metaux et des mineraux en 1983 a provoque de fortes augmentations de I' offre en provenance de sources precedemment inexploitees. Cette reaction ademontre que, mal­heurcusement. l'excedent de l'offre restait l'une des principales caracteristiques du marche pour Ia plupart des metaux et mi­neraux - malgre Ia recente restructuration de I' industrie. Les taux d'interet reels cleves de Ia periode 1983-85 ont aggrave Ia situation en incitant les acheteurs a reduire les stocks a un minimum. La recession de Ia peri ode 1981-82 a provoque des compressions marquees des couts de production dans le secteur des metaux et des mineraux. Certaines de ces reductions (com me celles dues a l'ajournement d'operations d"entretien eta !'aban­don de !'exploitation des gisements de minerai~ de faible teneur) sont certainement temporaires. mais il s'est manifestement pro­duit des ameliorations durables de Ia productivitc qui ont conduit a reviser en baisse les previsions de prix pour ces produits de base.

La valorisation du dollar des Etats- U nis a incontestablement contribue fortement a Ia depression des prix Jibelles en dollars des produits de base jusque pendant les premiers mois de 1· an nee 1985. Entre Ia fin de 1982 et fevrier 1985. Ia valeur du dollar a augmente de 45 'i< par rapport a celle de !'unite monetaire curopeenne (ECU) et de 15 'k par rapport a celle du droit de tirage special (DTS). Si !'on estime en moyenne a 0.4-0.6 l'elasticite des prix des produits de base en fonction des mou­vements du taux de change du dollar. il est facile de conclure 4ue l'effet ncgatif de Ia valorisation du dollar. spccialement pendant Ia deuxieme moitie de 1984 et le debut de 1985, est Ia principale cause de Ia baisse des prix des produits de base. Toutefois. Ia reduction constante de Ia valeur du dollar depuis les premiers mois de 1985 n' a pas eu d · effet positif evident sur !'evolution de ces prix. 11 faut peut-etre y voir une indication de Ia gravite de I' evolution defavorable des principales forces du marche et du retard avec lequel les ajustcments des taux de change se traduisent par une modification des prix des produits de base.

L'evolution des prix des produits de base En octobre 1985. J'indice de Ia Banque mondiale portant sur

les prix de 33 produits de base autres que les carburants etait

tom be a 82,5 ( 1977-79 = I 00). niveau inferieur a celui le plus bas (88,5) enregistre pendant Ia recession en octobre 1982 (voir le Tableau 4) et qui est de pres de 20 '7c au-dessous du plus eleve enregistre apres la recession un an plus tard. Pour l'annee 1985 prise dans son ensemble. les indices des termes de l'echange des produits de base par rapport aux exportations de produits manufactures tombera sans doute a son niveau le plus bas depuis Ia fin de Ia deuxieme guerre mondiale (voir le Tableau 2 I).

Cette demiere chute des prix des produits de base a ete grave eta peu pres generalisee. En general, les produits agricoles ont ete plus touches que les metaux et les mineraux. En octobre 1985. 1' indice des prix des produits de base alimentaires agri­coles se situait a 73,9 (1977-79= 100); pour les produits de base agricoles non alimentaires. il eta it de 87 ,8. et pour les metaux et les mineraux, de 93,3. Les produits agricoles ali­mentaires sont ceux pour lesquels Ia baisse a cte la plus forte par rapport aux prix les plus eleves enregistres apres Ia recession (- 25.5 c/c). suivis par les produits agricoles non alimentaires (- 22.3 '7c) et les metaux et les mineraux (- 12 '7c ). Parmi les produits agricoles alimentaires. ce sont les graisses et les huiles, les cereales et les boissons qui ont le plus diminue.

C'est le cours du the qui. dans l'indice des prix des boissons. ale plus augmente en 1983-84: toutefois, son prix eleve a ete l'un des principaux facteurs de Ia baisse de 1984-85. Les hausses de 1983 et 1984 s'expliquaient surtout par Ia stagnation de Ia production dans deux des principaux pays producteurs. l'Inde et Sri Lanka. et par des restrictions a !'exportation imposees par Je Gouvernement indicn pendant Je premier sernestre de 1984. La forte baisse des prix du the en 1984-85 a ete due a Ia forte reaction de I' offre a cette augmentation des prix dans les principaux pays exportateurs. Par exernple. Ia production de l'Inde est passee de 560.000 tonnes en 1981-82 a un chiffre record de 645.000 tonncs en 1984. Les augmentations de Ia production en 1984 peuvent etre attribuees en grande partie a Ia pratique de Ia "cueillette grossiere .. - qui reduit Je plus souvent le potentiel de production pendant une pcriode allant jusqu·a deux ans. La qualite infericure des feuilles obtenues par ce mode de cueillette a egalement contribue a Ia baisse des prix moycns du the.

Les prix du cacao et du cafe ont marque le pas en 1984/85. quand on a su que Ia Cote d' I voire aurait une recolte record de cacao et que Ia production mondialc de cafe robusta avait aug­mente. Toutcfois. vers Ia fin de 1985. les prix du cafe se sont considerablcment raffermis. a Ia nouvelle que Ia production

bresilienne pour 19S6/87 ne depasserait pas Ia moitie de cclle de Ia campagne pnScedcnte en raison de Ia secheresse: il etait aussi possible que Ia recolte de Ia campagne 1987/88 soit tou­chee. La forte reduction de Ia production ct des stocks mondiaux due a Ia faible nScolte bresilienne laisse prcvoir une nette ame­lioration des termes de l"echangc et des rccettes d"exportation des pays en dcveloppement dont !"economic est lourdement tributaire des exportations de cafe.

Une recolte record de ble. de riz et de mai·s en 1984185. combinee a un amenuiscment des debouches s"offrant a ces produits de base. ont fait tomber l"indice des prix des ccreales a son niveau le plus bas depuis plus de 10 ans. Des subventions massives a Ia production de cercales ont non seulement rendu I" offre independante des prix mais aussi reduit le commerce des grains. La plupart des pays importateurs de cereales. !"Union sovietique constitue naturellement unc exception notable. n · ont cesse de reduire leurs achats. Certains sont meme devenus cx­portateurs (l'Indonesie. par exemple. de riz. et laChine. rc­cemmcnt. de ma"is).

La chute recentc des prix des graisses et des huiles a ete tout aussi spectaculaire que leur hausse en 1983-84. L'effet des mauvaises conditions climatiques qui avaient initialcment de­clenche Ia hausse semble a voir ete quelyuc peu exagere. car I" augmentation de Ia production de graines olcagineuscs a ete de 14 'k en 1984/85 et devrait etre encore tres superieure en 1985/86.

Les prix du sucre sur le marche librc ont attcint un creux de 13 cents le kilogramme en octobre 1982. Les previsions seton lesquelles Ia production de 1983/84 diminuerait considerable­men! a cause des conditions climatiques dCfavorables dans ['he­misphere sud a provoque une hausse des prix. qui ont attcint 23.7 cents le kilogramme en juin 1983. Ces previsions se sont revelees fausses et. Ia production s'etant maintenue sous l'effet de Ia politique de soutien des prix des pouvoirs publics ct d'un renforcement des restrictions aux echanges. les prix sont tombes a 6,1 cents le kilogramme en juin 1985. Ils sont reccmment remontes a 12.0 cents le kilogramme. les previsions ctant yue Ia consommation mondiale serait superieure a Ia production en 1985/86 apres que cclle-ci eut etc excedentaire pendant yuatre ans. Rien ne permet encore toutcfois d'affirmer que les stocks surabondants seront rapidement rcsorbes: leur reduction sera nccessairement lente et subordonncc a des augmentations de Ia consommation. Il faudra yue lcs autoritcs. dam, de nombreux pays producteurs. !event certaines mcsures de soutien des

prix a Ia production pour qu'un equilibre raisonnable puisse s'instaurer sur ce marchc.

La tendance a Ia hausse des prix des matieres premieres agricoles en 1983-84 a commence par se renverser des que Ia croissance de Ia production industrielle dans les pays developpes a montre des signes de ralentissement. Bien yue l'industrie automobile ait continue d'cnregistrer une reprise rernarquable pendant le troisieme trimestre de 1985 aux Etats-Unis.les autres pays industriels ont vu baisser leur production de voitures au­tomobiles en 1984. La production totale de vchicules auto­mobiles dans les pays de l"OCDE et. par consequent Ia demande de caoutchouc. ont stagne. L'augmentation de l'offre de caout­chouc nature!. due a Ia production plus elevee yue Ia normale pendant les mois d'hiver. a aggrave la situation des producteurs. La production de colon aux Etats-Unis est repartie de plus belle. le programme de reduction des superficies cultivees etant arrive a son terme, et les augmentations de Ia production dans d · autres pays (en particulier en Chine) ont provoque Ia constitution de stocks correspondant a 55 9i environ de Ia consommation an­nuelle. alors qu'ils n"en representent habituellement yue 33 a 37 'k. Tout relevement des prix. actuellemcnt bas, du colon sew subordonne avant tout a Ia politiyue qui sera adoptee aux Etats-Unis et en Chine. La Chine a deja fortemcnt nSduit les incitations a Ia production. mais il est difficile d"envisager yu'elle puisse resorber ses stocks avant deux ou trois ans.

Apres avoir legcrement augmente au debut de 1983. les prix des mctaux et mincraux se sont t1rientes a Ia baisse en 1984. malgre unc croissance modeste de la demande de Ia plupart des rnetaux. On a enregistrc dans les economies de marche une augmentation spectaculairc (II c1r:) de laconsommation de cuivrc en 1984. alors que Ia production etait inferieure a celle de 1'!83. Pourtant.Ies prix du cuivre ont dans I' ensemble diminue pendant toute l'annee 19R4. Ce paradoxc ne peut sexpliyuer yue par Ia valorisation du dollar des Etats-Unis pendant cette periodc. Les prix du cuivre ont brusyuement augmente au debut de 19X5, lorsque le dollar des Etats-Unis a commence a se deprt'cier. mais des reductions sensiblcs de Ia dcmande industrielle ont cu vitc fait d'annuler les etTets positifs de ce phenomene monetaire et Ia tendance est revenue a Ia baisse. La demande d'aluminium a aug mente modestement en 1984 (de 3 'k '>cion les estimations). mais les reductions de Ia production aux Etats-Unis ont ete plus yue compem,ees par Ies augmentations yui se sont produites aillcurs. stimulees. elles aussi par Ia valorisation du dollar. Bien que Ia dcmande d'aluminium ait continue d'augmenter pendant

le premier semestre de 1985 et que la production ait diminue de 3,5 '!o pendant les huit premiers rnois de I' an nee. les prix ont continue de baisser jusqu 'a Ia fin du mois de novembre 1985. La baisse en pourcentage des prix de l' aluminium entre 1983 et janvier-novembre 1985 a ete la plus forte enregistree dans le secteur des metaux. principalement parce que ce sous­secteur est incapable de restreindre sa production.

Les prix de l'etain. du plomb. du zinc. du nickel. du minerai de manganese et du minerai de fer se sont mieux comportes yue ceux du cuivre et de !'aluminium. Bien que Ia tendance en 1985 a it etc nettement. pour to us ces metaux, a un excedent de l"offre. ces industries ont generalement pu. jusqu'it recemment. restreindre Ia production pour maintenir un eyuilibre approxi­matif. Cependant. certaines se sont dernierement revelees in­capables de contr6ler Ia production pour defendre les prix. L 'etain offre un bon exemple. Le Conscil international de l'etain. qui avait controle la production et gere des stocks regulateurs pour soutenir les prix. a perdu le contr61e du marche parce qu'il ne pouvait plus financer de nouveaux achats destines aces stocks regulateurs ni limiter la production des pays yui ne sont pas parties a !'Accord international sur I"etain.

Les prix du petrole brut n'ont cesse de baisser depuis 1982. I' offre augmentant alors yue Ia demande dirninuait. La part du marche revenant aux Etats membres d !'Organisation des pays exportateurs de petrole (OPEP) n·a ccsse de decliner. leurs concurrents ayant accru leur production pour profiter des prix de soutien. Les pays de l'OPEP. face a l'augmentation de Ia production des autres pays petroliers et a Ia diminution de Ia dcmande. se sont efforces de maintenir les prix en reduisant leur propre production. Toutefois. il leur est difficile d'aller plus loin dans cette politiyue de soutien des prix. a cause de la baisse de leurs exportations: le cartel de l"OPEP en est arrive a un point critique ou il est contraint de reconsidcrer son role sur le marc he.

La contraction de la demande de petrole brut est due a trois f acteurs au moins. Premierement. les fortes hausses des annecs 70 ont provoque !"adoption rapide de mesures en vue de I' utilisation de carburants de remplacement ct de Ia conservation de l"ener­gie. Deuxiemement.la recession de 1981-82, en particulier. et. d'une fa~on generale. Ia faible croissance cconomiyue dans les pays industriels au cours des 10 demieres annees ont reduit Ia demande d'energie de l'industrie. Troisiemement. le prix du petrole. qui est fixe en dollars des Etats-Unis. n'a pas baissc pour les pays europeens. a cause de Ia valorisation du dollar

xxviii

INDICE (Los datos estadisticos preceden a cads grafico)

I. INTRODUCCION XXX

Clasificaci6n Uniforme para el Comercio Intemacional, para praductos seleccionados xxxii

Categorfas econ6micas y regiones xxxiv

Signos convencionales utilizados xxxiv

II. EVOLUCION DEL MERCADO DE PRODUCTOS BASICOS: 1984-85 XXXV

III. COMERCIO

Cuadro 1: Valor de los productos primarios y de los productos manufacturados como porcentaje de las exportaciones totales, I 970. 1980 y 1983 2

Cuadra 2: Valor de los praductos primarios y de los praductos manufacturados como porcentaje de las importaciones totales, 1970, I 980 y 1983 3

Cuadra 3: Indices del volumen. valor y valor unitario de las exportaciones, 1960-84 4

Cuadro 4: Indices de relaci6n de intercambio, I 960-84 5

Cuadra 5: Indices de valores de Ia corriente de exportaciones mundiales, 1960-84 6

Cuadro 6: Participaciones de los mercados en el comercio mundiai, por categorias econ6micas. 1960-84 ( porcenta je l 7

Cuadro 7: Matriz de praducto basico/pafs de las exportaciones de praductos primarios seleccionados de los paises en desarrollo, valor medio en 198 I -83 8

Cuadro 8: Praporci6n del pais en las exportaciones mundiales de praductos basicos, pramedio de 1981-83 (porcentaje) 14

Cuadra 9: Praporci6n del producto basico en las exportaciones del pais, promedio de 1981-83 (porcentajel 20

Cuadro I 0: Exportaciones de los principales productos basicos de los paises en desarrollo, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas) 26

Cuadro I I: Exportaciones de los principales praductos basicos de los pafses en desarrollo, 1961-84 (US$/tonelada metrical 28

Cuadra I 2: Importaciones de los principales productos basicos de los paises en desarrollo, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricasl 30

Cuadro 13: Importaciones de los principaies praductos basicos de los paises en desarrollo, 1961-84 (US$/tonelada metrical 32

Cuadro 14: Exportaciones de los principales praductos basicos de los pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de tone Iadas metricas) 34

Cuadra 15: Exportaciones de los principales productos basicos de los pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (US$/ tonelada metrical 36

Cuadra 16: lmportaciones de los principaies praductos basicos de los paises industriales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricasl 38

Cuadro 17: Importaciones de los principales productos basicos de los pafses industriales con economia de mercado, 1961-84 (US$/ tonelada metrical 40

Cuadra 18: I mportaciones de praductos seleccionados de paises en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, valor media en 1981-83 (miles de toneladas metricas) 42

Cuadra 19: Importaciones de praductos seleccionados de paises en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por pafses industriales con economfa de mercado, valor medio en 1981-83 (millones de US$, c.i.f.) 43

IV. INDICES DE PRECIOS Y DE FLETES 44

Cuadra 20: Indices de precios seleccionados, 1960-84

Indices de precios del P!B a precios de mercado:

Pafses industriales con economfa de mercado

Estados Unidos Indice de precios al productor de los EE.UU. Indice del valor unitario de manufactura (VUMl 45

Cuadra 21: Indice del poder adquisitivo de los praductos primarios exportados por los pafses en desarrollo, en h~rminos de las manufacturas importadas, 1948-85 46

Cuadro 22: Fletes marftimos e indices de fletes marftimos, 1960-85 47

V. PRECIOS 48

PRODUCTOS ALIMENT ARIOS 48

Bebidas

Cacao, Accra, precio al contado, Nueva York Cacao, OIC, precio medio diario 49

Cafe, MAMS, precio al contado, Nueva York Cafe, precio indicativa de Ia OIC, otras suaves,

Nueva York Cafe. brasileiio Santos 4, precio al contado, Nueva

York Cafe, angoleiio Ambriz 2 AA, precio al contado,

Nueva York 50

Te, de Sri Lanka, subasta de Londres Te, Norte de India, subasta de Londres Te. keniano, subasta de Londres Te, promedio generaL subasta de Londres 51

Cereales

Arroz, tailandes, f.o.b. Bangkok Arroz, EE.UU., f.o.b. molino 52

Sorgo en grana, EE.UU., f.o.b., puertos del Golfo de Mexico 53

Mafz, argentino, c.i.f. Rotterdam Mafz. US No. 2, f.o.b. puertos del Golfo de

Mexico 54

Trigo, EE.UU., "Soft Red Winter," f.o.b. puertos del Atlantica

Trigo, canadiense "Western Red Spring," base en almacen, Thunder Bay 55

Azucar

Azucar, mundial, no refinada, f.o.b. puertos del Caribe Azucar, Londres, no refinada, c.i.f. Reino Unido 56

Carne

Carne de vacuno, importada, congelada, EE. UU., f.o. b.

puerto de entrada Carne de vacuno refrigerada. argentina. valor unitario

f.o. b. de ex portacion a Ia CEE 57

Carne de ovino conge!ada. Nueva Zelandia. mercado de Londres 58

Frutas y especias

Bananos. ecuatorianos. frescos. c.i.f. Hamburgo Bananos. de cualquier origen. frescos. f.o.b. puerto de

entrada 59

Pimienta negra. de cualquier origen. precio a! contado. Nueva York 60

Semillas oleaginosas, aceites, tortas y harinas

Copra de Filipinas. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de coco. de Filipinas/Jndonesia, c.i.f

Rotterdam 61

Harina de mani. cualquier origen. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de mani. nigeriano. c.i.f. puertos europeos 62

Linaza. canadiense No. 1 .. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de linaza. argentino. c. i. f. Europa 63

Pepitas de palma. nigerianas. c.i.f. puertos europeos Aceite de palma. malasio. c.i.f. puertos europeos 64

Soya. EE.UU .. c.i.f. Rotterdam Aceite de soya. cualquier origen. c.i.f. Rotterdam Harina de ;\Dya. EE.UU .. c.i.f. Rotterdam 65

Harina de pescado. peruana. c.y f. Hamburgo 66

PRODUCTOS NO ALIMENT ARIOS 67

Fibras

Algodon. EE.UU . c.i.f. Liverpool Algod<in. cgipcio. c.i.f. Liverpool Algod6n. Indices "A ... c. i. f. Norte de Europa 68

Tela de yute. EE.UU .. prccio a! contado. Nueva York 69

Yute. Bangladesh. "Blanco C". c.i f. Dundee Yute. Bangladesh, "Blanco D". f.o.b. Chittagong/

Cha!na 70

Sisal. U.G. de Africa Oriental. c.i.f. puertos europeos Sisal. keniano/tanzaniano. c. i. f. Londrcs 71

Lana, Nueva Zelandia. 56. Dominion. c.i.f. Reina Unido 72

Caucho

Caucho natural. RSS I. precio a! contado, Londres Caucho natural. RSS I. precio a! contado, Nueva York 73

Madera

Trozas. lauan. de Filipinas, precio a! por mayor. Japon Trozas. sapelli. de Africa Occidental. f.o.b. Camerun 74

Madera contrachapada. lauan de Filipinas. prccio a! contado Tokio 75

Madera aserrada. malasia. c.i.f. puertos franceses 76

Tabaco

Tabaco. indio. precio unitario de exportacion 77

COMBUSTIBLES, METALES Y MINERALES 78

Combustibles

Carb6n. EE.UU. bituminoso. f.o.b. puertos de EE.UU. 79

Petr<ileo. de Arabia Saudita. crudo de referencia de Ia OPEP. f.o.b. Ras Tanura

Petroleo. crudo de Ia OPEP, promedio ponderado 80

Productos de Petroleo 81

Metales no ferrosos

Aluminio. lingotes de mfnimo 99,5%. c.i.f. Europa Aluminio, !ingotes de mfnimo 99,5%, Nueva York Aluminio, !ingotes de minima 99,5%. Londres 82

Bauxita, jamaiquina. precio de referencia en los EE.UU. 83

Cobre. electrolftico. Londres Cobre, electrolftico. Nueva York 84

Plomo. en galapagos. suave. Londres Plomo. en galapagos. desplatado. Nueva York 85

Estaiio. estandar, Londres Estaiio. en galapagos. "Straits". Nueva York 86

Zinc, buenas clases ordinarias, Londres Zinc. "Prime Western Grade". Nueva York 87

Otros metales y minerales

Mineral de hierro. sueco, c.i.f. Rotterdam Mineral de hierro. brasileiio. c.i.f. pucrtos del Mar del

Norte 88

Mineral de manganeso. indio, 46'7c a 48'7c Mn. c.i.f. puertos de los EE. UU. 89

Niguel. canadiense. f.o.b. punta de embarque Niguel. EE.UU., precio a! contado, f.o.b. Nueva

York 90

Acero, Alemania, Rep. Feb .. entrega Oberhausen Acero. EE.UU .. f.o.b. lugares del medio-oeste 91

Fertilizantes

Fosforita, marroqui, f.a.s. Casablanca 92

Fosfato diam<inico. EE.UU., f.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mexico 93

Cloruro de potasio. canadiense. f.o.b. Vancouver 94

Superfosfato triple ITSP). f.o.b. puertos del Golt(J de Mexico 95

Urea. de cualquier origen. f.o.b. Europa 96

xxxii

CLASIFICACION UNIFORME PARA EL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL (CUCI,

Rev. 2) PARA PRODUCTOS SELECCIONADOS

CLAVE PRODUCTOS CUCI

00 l. I 001.2 001.3

011.1 011.2

011.3

014

022 022.42

022.43

023 024

034 035

036

037

041

042 043 044 045.92

054.1 054.2

054.4 054.5 056.5

Ganado bovino vivo (incluso btifalos) Ganado ovino y caprino vivo Ganado porcino vivo

Carne de ganado bovino fresca. refrigerada o congclada Carne de ganado ovino y caprino. fresca. refrigerada o conge I ada Carne de ganado porcino. fresca. refrigerada o conge I ada Preparad% o conscrvas de carne y de despojos comestibles de carne. n.e _ p.: cxtractos de pescado

Leche y crema Leche (excepto suero) en polvo o granos que no contengan mas del 1.5'/r en peso de grasa Leche (excepto suero) y crema en polvo o granos que no contcngan mas del 1.5'k en peso de grasa Mantequil!a Queso y cuajada

Pescado fresco (vivo o muerto). refrigcrado o congelado Pescado seen. salado o en salmuera: pescado ahumado (cocido o no antes o durante el proceso de ahumado) Crustaceos y moluscos pelados o sin pelar. frescos. (vivos o muertos). refrigerados. congelados. salados, en salmuera o secos: crustaceos sin pelar, simplemente cocidos en agua Pescados. crustaceos y moluscos, preparados o en conserva, n.e.p.

Trigo (incluso escanda) y morcajo o tranqui116n. sin moler Arroz Cebada sin moler Maiz sin maier Sorgo sin moler

Patatas frescas o refrigeradas (sin incluir batatas) Frijoles, guisantes, lentejas y otras leguminosas. secas. desvainadas, incluso mondadas o partidas Tomales frescos o refrigerados Otras lcgumbres frescas o refrigeradas Legumbres preparadas o en conserva n.c.p.

057.1

057.2 057.3 057.4 057.51 057.71

057.96 058.3

058.5

061.1 061.2

071.1

071.2

0721 072.2 072.31 07232 074.1 075.1

081.3

081.31

081.32

081.41

Naranjas. mandarinas. clementinas y otros hibridos citricos similares. fre~cos o seem.~ Otros agrios frescos o secns Phitanos (incluso phitano verde). frescos o secos Man zan as f rescas Uvas frescas Cocos. frescos o secus (excepto Ia copra). con cascara o sin ella Datiles frescos o secos Compotas. jaleas de ti·utas. mermeladas. pun's de frutas y pastas de frutas. obtenidos por cocci<\n, con o sin adici6n de azucar Jugos de frutas (incluso zumo de uva) y jugos de legumbres, con o sin adici6n de azucar. pero sin fermentar ni contener licores

Azucar s61ida de remolacha y de caiia, sin refinar Azucar refinada y otros productos s6lidos de Ia refinaci6n de remolacha y de caiia de azucar

Cafe sin tostar o tostado. con o sin cafefna: cascara y cascarilla de cafe: sucedaneos de calc que contengan catc en alguna proporci6n Extractos. esencias y concentrados de cafe y preparados basados en dichos extractos. esencias y concentrados: achicoria tostada y otros sucedaneos tostados de cafe. y cxtractos. esencias y concentrados de ellos Cacao en grano, entero o partido. crudo o tostado Cacao en pol vo sin azucarar Pasta de cacao (a granel o en panes) desgranada o no Manteca de cacao (grasa o aceite) Tc Pimienta del genero "Piper" y pimiento del genero "Capsicum" o del genero "Pimenta"

Tortas de scmillas oleaginosas y otros residut>S de aceite vegetal (excepto las borras) Tortas de semillas olcaginosas y otros residuos de soya (exccpto las borras) Tortas de semillas oleaginosas y otros residuos de cacahuete (excepto las borras)

Harinas y polvo de carne o despojos (incluso el residuo graso). impropios para Ia alimentaci6n hurnana: chicharrones

081.42 Harinas y polvo de pcscado. crustaceos o moluscos. irnpropios para Ia alimentaci6n humana

112.1 112.3

121

211

222. 222.2 222.3 221.4 222.6 223.1 223.2 223.4 223.5 223.8

232

245 246

247.1 247.2 248

24~.1

248.2

248.3

263.1 264

265.4

Vino de uvas (incluido cl mosto) Cerveza hecha de malta (incluso ale. cerveLa negra fuerte y cerveta oscura fuerte)

Tabaco en bruto: residuos de tabaco

Cueros y pielcs (excepto pieles finas). sin curtir

Cacahuctcs (manics) verde:,. con o sin cascara

Soya Semillas de algod6n Semillas de girasol Semillas de nabo y colza Copra Nueces de palma y almendras de palma Linaza Semillas de ricino Semillas y frutas oleaginosas. n.e.p.

Latex de caucho natural: caucho y gomas .... imilarcs. naturales

Lena ( excepto despcrdicios de madera) y carbon vegetal Madera para pulpa ( incluso virutas y desperdicios de madera) Troncos de coniferas para aserrar y hacer chapas Troncos no de coniferas para aserrar y hacer chapas Madera trabajada simplemente y traviesas de madera para vias ferras Traviesas (durmientes) de madera para vias ferreas o de tranvfas Madera de eoniferas aserrada, cepillada. con lengUetas. machihembrada, etc. Madera no de coniferas, aserrada, cepillada, con lengUetas, machihembrada, etc.

Algod6n (excepto Ia borra). sin cardar ni peinar Yutc y otras fibras textiles de liber. n.e.p .. en rarna o elaboradas pero sin hilar y su estopa y desperdicios (incluso hilaehas o cuerdas) Sisal y otras fibras del genero agaves. en rama o elaboradas. pero sin hilar y sus desperdicios ( incluso hilaehas o cuerdas)

2115.5

265.9

26X.I

2118.2

27U

281 2X7.1

Abaca I ··Musa textilis··) en rama o elaborada. pero sin hilar y estopas y dcsperdicios de abaca (incluso hilachas o cuerdas)

Fibras textiles vegetales. n.c.p. y sus dcspcrdicios Lana de oveja y cordcrn. grasicnta o lavada en vivo u a lomu

Lana de oveja y cordero. desgrasada. estc o no blanqueada o tenida en masa. sin cardar ni pcinar

Fosfat<JS de calcio naturales. f{JSfatos aluminocalcicos naturales. apatito y creta fosfatada

Mineral de hierro y sus concentrados

Mincrales y concentrados de cobre y sus concentrados: matas de cobre: cobre de cemcntaci6n

287.31 Minerales de aluminio y sus concentrados 287.32 Alumina (6xido de aluminio) 2X7.4

2R7.5

287.6

287.7

Mineralcs de plomo y sus conccntrados Minerales de zinc y sus concentrados Minerales de estai\o y sus concentrados

Minerales de manganeso y sus concentrados 1 incluso mincralcs de hierro manganesifcro~ y los conccntrado~

que contengan 209( o mas en peso de mang:ane~o)

322 Hulla. lignito y turba

333 Aceites de petr61eo crudos y aceites crudos obtenidos de minerales bituminosos

334

411.1

411.3

423.2 423.3

423.6 42.1.91

4234 423.5

424.1

424.2 424.3

424.4 424.5

Productos derivados del petrt\leo. refinados

Grasas y aceites de pescado y de mamifcrm marinos. refinados o sin refinar

Accitcs. grasa~ y manteca:-, de origen animaL n.c.p.

Aceite de soya Aceite de semilla de algod6n Aceite de girasol Accitc de nabo. col/.a y mo~tiua ;\c·eite Je cacahuetc (maniJ Aceite de oliva Accitc de linaza AccitL de palilla Aceite de coco (copra)

AceJLe de almendras de palma Accitc de ricino

652

654.5

6X2.1 1183.1

684 685.1

686.1

6X7.1

Tejidos de algod6n (cxcepto tejidos cstrechm o especialcs)

Tcjidos Jc yutc ode otras fibras textiles de hbcr. del subgrupo 264.0

Cobre y sus aleaciones. refinados y sin refinar. en bruto Niguel y sus aleaciones. en bruto (Jingotes. barras. gramulos. cubos y otras formas primarias (excepto anodos para niquelar) Aluminio Plomo y sus aleaciones. en hruto Zinc y sus alcaciones. en bruto (bloques. chapas. lingotcs. tochos. placas. gninulos y formas primarias similares)

Estai\o y sus alcaciones. en hruto (bloques. lingotes. gahipagos. placas. harras. varillas. granulos y formas primarias similares)

Fuente: Nacione~ Unida~. C/asfjlcacion Un~fonne para el

Cmm:rcio lnternacional. Revision 2. Informe~ Estadisticos. Scrie M. No. 34. Rev. 2

xxxiii

xxxiv

CATEGORIAS ECONOMICAS Y REGIONES

PAISES INDUSTRIALES CON ECONOMIA DE MERCADO'

America del Norte

Canada Estados U nidos

Europa

Austria Belgica Dinamarca Finlandia Francia Alemania, Rep. Fed. Islandia lrlanda ltalia Luxemburgo Paises Bajos Noruega Espana Succi a Suiza Reina Unido

Asia/Oceania

Japan Australia Nueva Zelandia

ECONOMIAS NO DE MERCADO

Europa/URSS

Albania Bulgaria Checoslovaquia Rep. Dem. Alemana Hungria Polonia Rumania URSS

PAISES EN DESARROLLO'

Comprende:

---(:hipre, Grecia, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Turquia y Yugoslavia -America Latina y el Caribe (incluida Cuba) -Asia (incluidos China, Kampuchea Dem., Corea, Rep. Dem. Pop.,

Rep. Dem. Pop. Lao, Mongolia, y Viet Nam) -Africa (incluido Sud:lfrica) -Oceania (excluidas Australia y Nueva Zelandia)

1Comprende tambien Samoa Americana, Bermudas, Islas Ferae, Guayane Francesa, Polinesia Francesa, Gibraltar, Groenlandia, Guadalupe, Guam, Martinica. Nueva Caledonia, Territorio en tideicomiso de las Islas del Pacifico, Puerto Rico. Reunion, Islas Yirgenes (EE.UU.).

'Excluidos los paises exportadores de petr6leo de ingresos altos (Baharein, Brunei, Kuwait, Libia, Oman, Qatar, Arabia Saudita y Emiratos Arabes U nidos).

SIGNOS CONVENCIONALES UTILIZADOS: Estimaci6n E

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xxxvi

EVOLUCION DEL MERCADO DE PRODUCTOS BASICOS: 1984-85

Los precios de los productos basicos han seguido una tra­yectoria inusitada en el reciente periodo de 1983-85 posterior a Ia recesion. A diferencia de recuperaciones economicas an­teriores que estuvieron acompai\adas por una clevacion de los precios de los productos primarios, este ultimo periodo postre­cesionario se ha caracterizado por grandes alzas de precios en Ia fase inicial de Ia recuperacion y profundas caidas posteriores en medio de una expansion en marcha pero prolongada. Algo mas sorprendente es que, para mediados de 1985, los precios en do lares de los productos basicos habian desccndido mas abajo que los de Ia recesion en 1982, hasta un minimo sin precedentes desde Ia segunda guerra mundial en t<~rrninos de Ia relacion de intercambio frente a los precios de exportaci6n de las manufacturas.

Las peculiaridadcs de Ia recuperacion de 1983-85 en las cco­nmnias de mercado han sido evidentcmentc un factor clave del comportamiento de los precios de los productos basicos. Esa recuperacion, que ha sido debil y desigual, para principios de 1985 habia perdido gran parte de sus impetus. Los precios de los productos primarios subieron rapidamentc en 1983 como reaccion ante Ia vigorosa recuperacion en los Estados Unidos y posteriorrnente en el Japon. En el resto de las economias de mercado, sin embargo, el crecimiento econ6mico continuo en estancamiento hasta bien entrado 1984. El crecimiento del pro­ducto nacional bruto ( PNB) de los paises europeos miembros de Ia Organizacion de Cooperacion y Desarrollo Econ6micos (OCDE) fue solo de un promedio de I ,4'k y 2,4'k en 1983 y 1984, respectivamente, mientras que Ia producci6n industrial apcnas creci6 en I, I% y 3o/c. Muchos pafses en desarrollo con economia de mercado tampoco lograron crecer debido. entre otras razones, a ajustes en su considerable deuda externa. En 1985 el crecimiento ha sido desilusionante en casi todos los pafses con economia de mercado, incluidos los paises en de­sarrollo de Asia oriental.

Los suministros de productos primarios, el tipo de cambio del d6lar estadounidense y Ia tasa real de interes tuvieron mo­vimientos adversos a los productores de productos basicos a principios de 1984, epoca en que comenzaron a desvanecerse las expectativas de un buen crecimiento de Ia demanda. La produccion agricola, especialmente de ccreales, algod6n y se­millas oleaginosas, regres6 a niveles sin precedentes despues de las deficiencias de 1982-83 causadas por el mal tiempo y el programa de reduccion de tierras en cultivo en los Estados Unidos. El constante buen tiempo en Ia gran mayorfa de los

grandes paises productores y el apoyo a los precios por el gobierno, particularmente en los Estados Unidos y Ia Comunidad Economica Europea, contribuyeron a elevar Ia producci6n agra­ria (cerealcs y azucar en especial), lo cual impidi6 que las existencias volvieran a niveles mas normales. El alza de los precios de metales y minerales en 1983 provoc6 grandes au­mentos de los suministros a partir de capacidades anteriormente no utilizadas. Con esta rcacci6n fue penosamente claro que Ia caracteristica fundamental del mercado de Ia mayoria de los metales y minerales sigue siendo el suministro excesivo. a pesar de Ia rcciente rcestructuraci6n de Ia industria. Las elevadas tasas reales de interes que prevalecieron en 1983-85 empeoraron Ia situacion al reducir las existencias al minimo. La recesi6n de 1981-82 condujo a pronunciadas reducciones de los costos de produccion en las industrias de metales y minerales. Algunas de esas reducciones (tales como las resultantes de aplazar el mantenimiento y beneficiar solo las mejores calidades de mi­neral) son sin duda medidas transitorias. pero hay indicaciones de que se han producido mejoras sostenibles en productividad que han conducido a revisiones hacia Ia baja en las predicciones de precios de estos productos.

La valorizaci6n del d6lar de los Estados Unidos sin duda ha deprimido fuertemente los precios de los productos primarios en esa moneda hasta principios de 1985. Entre finales de 1982 y el fin de febrero de 1985, el d6lar se valorizo en un 457< frente a Ia unidad monetaria europea (ECU) yen un 15% respecto del derecho especial de giro (DEG). Si se toma Ia estimacion media de 0,4 a 0,6 para Ia elasticidad de los precios de los productos basicos en relacilin con los movimientos del tipo de cambio del dolar, se concluye facilmente que el efecto negativo de Ia valorizacion del dlilar, especialmente entre mediados de 1984 y principios de 1985, explica Ia mayor parte del desccnso de precios de los productos basicos. Sin embargo, el efecto positivo de Ia baja constante del valor del dolar desde comienzos de 1985 no ha sido visible claramente en los movimientos re­cientes de los precios. Esto puede ser un indicio de Ia gravedad de los movimientos adversos en los aspectos fundamentales del mercado y del tiempo que se requiere para que los ajustes de los tipos de cambio surtan todos sus efectos en los precios de los productos primarios.

Movimientos de precios de los productos basicos Para octubre de 1985, el indice del Banco Mundial relativo

a los precios de 33 productos primarios distintos de los com-

bustiblcs habia bajado, en dolares corrientes, a 82.5 ( 1977-79 = 100). cifra inferior al nivel mas bajo de Ia recesi6n, de 88,5 en octubre de 1982 (vease el Cuadro 4), y casi un 20o/c menor que cl maximo registrado despues de Ia recesi6n un ai\o mas tarde. Para todo 1985. el indice de Ia rclaci6n de intercambio para productos primarios frente a las exportaciones de manu­facturas debera registrar el nivel mas bajo desde Ia segunda guerra mundial ( vease el Cuadro 21 ) .

La caida mas reciente de los precios de los productos basicos ha sido grave y generalizada. Los precios de los productos agricolas bajaron en general mas que los de los metales y mi­ncrales. En octubre de 1985 el indice de precios de los productos agricolas lleg6 a 7 3. 9 ( 1977-79 = I 00); para los productos dis­tintos de los alimentos fue de 87 ,8, y el correspondiente a metales y mineralcs fue de 93.3. El descenso a partir del maximo posterior a Ia recesi6n fue mas agudo para los productos agricolas alimentarios (- 25,5Cfc ), scguido de los no alimentarios (- 22.3'7c) y los metales y minerales (- 12'7< ). Las bajas mayores fueron las de los aceites y grasas, cercales y bebidas, entre los productos agricolas alirnentarios.

Los precios del te estuvieron a Ia cabeza de las alzas de 1983-84 en el fndice de precios de las bebidas: sin embargo. los mismos altos precios fueron factor importante de las bajas en 1984-85. En 1983 y 1984 los altos precios se dcbieron prin­cipalmente al cstancamiento de Ia producci6n en los dos paises productorcs mas importantes, India y Sri Lanka, y a las limi­taciones a Ia exportacion impuestas por el Gobierno de Ia India en el primer semestre de 1984. Las grandes bajas de los precios del te en 1984-85 siguieron a energicas reacciones de Ia oferta ante el aumento de prccios en los principales pafses exporta­dores. La produccion de Ia India, por ejcmplo, paso de 560.000 tone Iadas en 1981-82 a Ia cifra sin precedentes de 645.000 toneladas en 1984. Una gran proporcion de los aumentos de producci6n en 1984 pucde atribuirse a Ia recolecci6n de cali­dades infcriores. practica que puede reducir Ia productividad de Ia planta hasta durante dos ai\os. La baja calidad de las hojas recolectadas contribuyli tambien al descenso de los precios me­dios del te.

Los precios del cacao y el cafe bajaron un poco en 1984/85. cuando result6 claro que Ia Costa de Marfil tendrfa una cosecha de cacao sin prccedentes y que Ia producci6n mundial del cafe robusta habia aumentado. Sin embargo, al cerrarse 1985 los precios del cafe repuntaron fuertemente ante Ia noticia de que

Ia producci6n del Brasil en 1986/87 no superarfa la mitad de la del ario anterior a consecuencia de Ia sequia: existia tambien Ia posibilidad de que Ia cosecha de 1987/88 resultara perjudicada. La fuerte reducci6n en Ia producci6n y las existencias mundiales resultante de las perdidas en el Brasil es anuncio de relaciones de intercambio y de ingresos de exportaci6n muy mejorados para aquellos paises que dependen fuertemente de Ia ex portae ion del cafe.

Las cosec has sin precedente de trigo. arroz y maiz en I '184/ 85. combinadas con mercados de exportacion en disminuci6n para estos productos. fueron responsables del nivel minimo del indice de precios de los cereales en mas de un decenio. Los grandes subsidios a Ia producci6n de cereales no solo hicieron que los suministros no respondieran a los precios. sino que ademas redujeron el comercio de esos productos. Con excepcion de la Uni6n Sovictica. Ia mayoria de los paises importadores de cereales han venido reduciendo sus compras: algunos han pasado incluso a ser exportadores (Indonesia. por ejemplo. se ha convertido en exportador de arroz. y China ha exportado mafz recientementc).

El descenso ma' recicnte en los prccios de aceites y grasas ha sido tan espectacular como su elevaci6n en 1983-84. El efecto de las malas condiciones del tiempo. que inicialmente produjo alzas de precios. pan~ce haberse exagerado un tanto. pues la produccion mundial de semillas oleaginosas se recupcr6 en un 14o/r en I '184/85 y se ha pronosticado una produccion mucho mayor para I '185/86.

Los precios del azucar en el mercado libre llegaron a un pun to bajo de 13 centavos de dolar el kilo en octubre de 1982. Las expectativas de que Ia producci6n en 19H3/~4 serf a mucho menor debido al mal tiempo en el hemisferio sur hicieron que el precio subiera a 23.7 centavos el kilo en junio de 1'183. Estas expcc­tativas nose cumplieron. y con Ia produccion sostenida mediante regimenes de precios apoyados por el gobierno y un aumento en las restricciones al comercio. los precios descendieron al bajo nivel de h.l centavos el kilo en junio de I '185. Recien­temente los precios han subido a 12 centavos el kilo con Ia

expectativa de que el consumo mundial excederia Ia producci6n en I '185186. tra'> de cuatro arios de cxcedentes. No hay todavia.

'in embargo. ninguna "~nal ttrme de que "" exccs1vos niveles de existencias vayan a reducirse nipidamente: las reducciones solo pueden ocurrir lentarncnte. mediante aumentos del con­sumo. La aminoracit\n del apoyo a los precios del productor en

muchos paises es necesaria a fin de lograr un equilibrio sensato en este mercado.

La recuperacit\n de los precios de las materias prirnas agricolas en 1983-84 empezt\ a derrumbarse en cuanto el crecimiento de Ia producci6n industrial en los paises en desarrollo present{\ serias de desacclerarse. Si bien la industria del automovil en los Estados Unidos continuo gozando de excelente crecimiento hasta el tercer trimestre de 1985. los dem;is paises industriales ex­perimentaron una disminuci6n del nlimero de automoviles pro­ducidos en I '184: el total correspondiente a la OCDE. y por tanto Ia demanda de caucho. permanecieron invariables. Los mayores suministros de caucho natural de que se dispuso debido a una producci6n mayor que Ia normal durante los meses del invierno empeoraron Ia situacion de los productores de caucho. En los Estados Unidos Ia producci6n de algod6n mejor6 al expirar el programa de reducci6n de tierras cultivadas y los aumentos de produccion en otros pafses (China especialmente) condujeron a una acumulaci<in de existencias hasta de alrededor del 55o/c del consumo anual. en comparacion con el volumen usual entre 33'1r y 371<. El alivio de los actuates precios bajos para los productores depende primordial mente de las reacciones a las politicas en los Estados Unidos y China. Este ultimo pais ya ha reducido mucho los incentivos a los productores. pero cs diffcil pensar c6mo pueda liquidar sus existencias de algod{ln durante otros dos o tres aiios.

Despues de ligeras alzas a principios de I '183. los precios de los metales y minerales empezaron a bajar en I 'IX4 a pesar de moderados aumentos de Ia demanda de muchos metales. El con sumo de cobre en los paises con economia de mere ado tuvo un aumento espectacular del II o/c en I '184. rnientras que su producci6n fue inferior al nivel de 19~3. Pero en general el precio del cobre descendi6 en 1984. Esta pcrtinacia s61o puede explicarse por Ia valorizaci6n del d6lar de los Estados Unidos en este periodo. A principios de 1985 los precios del cobre tuvieron un alza cuando el d6lar empez6 a dcpreciarse. pero las bajas sustanciales de Ia demanda industrial pronto eliminaron los efectos positivos de Ia depreciaci6n del dolar para deprimir los precios. La demanda de aluminio tuvo un aumento moderado (estimado en 3'1<) en l'IX4. pcro los recortes de Ia producci<in en los Estados Unidos quedaron m{ts que compensados por aumentm en otros paiscs. de nuevo con el estimulo de Ia va­lorizaci6n del d6lar. Aunque el crecimiento de Ia demanda de aluminio continu6 todavia en el primer semestrc de I '185 y su

produccion se redujo en un 3.5o/c en los ocho primeros meses del mismo ario. los precios de este metal siguieron bajando hasta el mes de noviembre. El porcentaje de baja en los precios del aluminio en 1983 y en enero a noviembre de 1985 fue el mayor entre los metales. sobre todo por Ia incapacidad de Ia industria para restringir la producci6n.

Los precios del estaiio. el plomo. el Line. el niguel y los minerales de manganeso y hierro han tenido mejor suerte que los del cobre y cl aluminio. Aunque Ia balanza entre Ia oferta y Ia demanda en I 985 para todos esos met ales ha pasado a ser decididamente de oferta excesiva. en general estas industrias han logrado. hasta hace poco. refrenar Ia producci6n para lograr un equilibrio aproximado. Recientemente. sin embargo. algunas de estas industrias no han logrado mantcner el control de Ia producci6n para defender los precios. De ello es ejemplo cl estario. El Consejo Internacional del Estario (CJE). que habia controlado Ia producci6n y administrado las existencias regu­ladoras para sustentar los prccios. perdio el control del mercado debido a su incapacidad de financiar ulteriores compras para las existencias reguladoras y controlar Ia produccion de los paises no suscriptores del Convenio lnternacional del Estario.

Los precios del petrol eo crudo han dcscendido constanternente desde 1982. a medida que aumentaban los suministros y dis­minuia Ia demanda. Los productorcs de pai>es miembros de la Organizaci6n de Paises Exportadores de Petr6leo (OPEP) han venido perdiendo sus participaciones del mcrcado a mcdida que los paises no miembros han elevado su produccilin como res­puesta a los precios subvencionados. El intento de mantener los precios del petrol eo frente a aumentos en Ia producci6n de paises ajenos a Ia OPEP ya una demanda que va debilitandose ha hccho que los product ores de Ia OPEP disminuyan su producci6n. Pero ya se esta llegando a los limites de esta funci6n de apoyo a los precios del petr6leo a medida que declinan los ingresos de exportaci6n: el cartel de Ia OPEP sc encuentra en un punto critico de nuevo cxamen de su funcit\n en el mercado.

La dcmanda de petr6leo crudo ha sufrido prcsiones por lo menos de tres frentes. Primero. Ia sustituci6n por otros com­bustibles y las medidas de conservacic\n han continuado en aumento desde las ~randes alzas de precios de los arios setenta. Luego. Ia recesi6n de I '181-82 en particular y el crecimiento econ<imico en general Iento en los paises industriales durante el decenio pa>ado han amortiguado Ia demanda industrial de ener)'ia. En tercer Iugar. Ia dcpreciaci(m del dolar de los Estados

Unidos ha significado que el precio del petr6leo cotizado en

esa moneda no ha bajado en las monedas nacionales de Europa occidental, ni siquiera al descender en d6lares de los Estados

Unidos.

Tendencias del comercio de productos primarios Los productos primarios distintos de los combustibles son

fuente importante de ingresos de exportaci6n (26,5'/c en 1983) para los pafses en desarrollo (vease el Cuadro I), si bien su

importancia ha declinado firmemente a In largo de los alios. Por lo menus 50 pafses en desarrollo dependen de los productos

primarios (incluido el petr6lco) para mas de Ia mitad de sus ingresos de exportaci6n (vease el Cuadro 9). Los pafses en

desarrollo han desempeliado una funcion de importancia cada vez mayor en el comercio mundial de manufacturas y petr6leo

(al menus hasta l9gO, cuando Ia participacion de la OPEP en el mercado empezo a disminuir); en el comercio de productos

distintos del petr6leo, sin embargo, su importancia ha venido disminuyendo y su participaci6n en las exportaciones de pro­

ductus distintos de los combustibles de las economias de mer­cado ha descendido del 3g9c en 1970 al 35% en 19g3 (vease

el Cuadro l). El aumento de las exportaciones de manufacturas

es lo 4ue ha dado impulso a Ia participaci6n de los pafses en desarrollo en las exportaciones mundiales de productos distintos de los combustibles (tanto primarios como manufacturados), desde un 139(. en 1973 al 16,5% en Jn4.

En 1984 las exportaciones mundiales aumentaron un 9% en

volumen y un 6% en valor respecto de 1983 (lo que supone una baja de 3% en valor unitario). Esta fue una mejorfa importante

en relaci6n con los tres alios anteriores. El volumen del comercio mundial en 1983, alio de recuperaci6n, solo se elevo en un 3c1c, mientras que en valor bajo un 2%. El valor de las exportaciones

mundiales en 1984 fuc inferior, sin embargo, al de 1980 en dolares corrientes.

Las exportacioncs de productos basicos tuvieron mcnos suerte

que los bienes manufacturados en Ia expansion de 1984. El volumen de exponaciones mundiales de productos agropecua­

rios subio un 7%; el de minerales (incluidos los combustibles) aumento un 3%, mientras que el de bienes manufacturados se

elevo en 12%. Las exportaciones de minerales distintos de los combustibles mejoraron en un 4c1c en 1984, despues de un buen

aumento del 7% en 1983. Est a expansion del comercio es tipica

en tiempos de recuperacion economica, pero la discrepancia entre las tasas de crecimiento de Ia exportacion de minerales

VVV\/jjj

no combustibles y de bienes manufacturados parece haber sido

inusitadamente grande.

Las exportaciones de los paises en desarrollo tuvieron cifras algo mejores que el mundo en su totalidad en 1984: en volumen aumentaron un 10% yen valor un 8,4% (vease el Cuadro 3).

El valor unitario de sus exportaciones solo descendi6 un l ,6%.

Gran parte del aumento de volumen correspondio a Ia rapida expansion (en 15'/c) de las exportaciones de manufacturas.

Las cifras de exportaciones variaron ampliamente entre los pafses en desarrollo. En 1984 el valor de los ingresos de ex­

portacion entre los no petroleros aumento en un 13%, mientras 4ue los de los exportadores de petr6leo solo subieron un 3%.

Los principales exportadores de manufacturas entre los paises en desarrollo no petroleros acrecentaron el valor de sus expor­

taciones en un 20,5o/c en 1984. Los paises de bajos ingresos (con producto intemo bruto (PIB) per capita de menos de US$500

en 1980) registraron el menor crecimiento en valor de sus ex­portaciones (3,2%).

Los pafses en desarrollo recibieron US$34.000 millones mas

por sus exportaciones en 1984 que en 1983. Practicamente todo este aumento provino de productos distintos de los combustibles. Pur lo demas, el60% del aumento correspondio a exportaciones

de bienes manufacturados de Asia oriental. Dado el descenso de los precios de los productos primarios en 1984, es dudoso

que los distintos de los combustibles constituyeran mas del restante 40% del incremento en los ingresos de exportacion.

Los datos preliminares indican que el comercio mundial en

Ia primera mitad de 1985 solo aumento un 3% en comparacion con el mismo periodo de 1984. La tasa de crecimiento en todo

el alio 1985 no pasara probablemente de 3% a 3,5%. Lases­tadisticas mas recientes del Acuerdo General sobre Arancelcs

Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT) indican que las importaciones de los principales paises industriales permanecieron practica­

mente invariables en terminos del valor en el primer semestre de 1985 respecto del mismo semestre de 1984. Pero las ex­

portaciones de estos paises provenientes de paises en desarrollo perdieron un 3o/c en valor y, en particular, cl valor de las im­

portaciones desde Africa descendi6 en el 5,4%. La baja de los

precios de los productos primarios en 1985 ha desempeliado

indudablemente un papel importante en este descenso de los ingresos de exportacion de los paises en desarrollo.

- - -. - - :- ~ 3 CD a s·

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TABLE 1 TABLEAU 1 CUADRO 1 VALUE OF PRIMARY COMMODITIES AND MANUFACTURES AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPORTS, 1970, 1980, AND 1983*

Exports. fob (billion US dollars) Percentage of Total Exports

ExportatJons en milliards de En pourcentage du total des dollars EU exportations

Exportaciones en m1les de Porcentaje del total de millones de d61ares de EE.UU. exportaciones

1970 1980 1963 1970 1980 1983

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PAYS EN PAISES EN DESARROLLO DEVELOPPEMENT

Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primanos 1

America Amerique America t1.2 45.1 44.0 65.9 43.3 41.7 Africa Afrique Africa 8.3 23.2 16.5 70.3 23.8 26.2 Asia Asie Asia 9.3 47.4 42.6 43.1 21.1 19.3 Others' Autres2 Otras regiones2

~ 7.3 7.0 44.2 27.9 27.4 Total Total Total 30.6 123.0 110.1 55.9 27.2 26.5

Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3

America Amerique Amenca 4.1 41.5 39.3 24.1 39.9 37.3 Africa Afrique Africa 1.8 50.2 30.0 15.3 51.6 47.6 Asia Asie Asia 4.5 88.5 69.5 20.8 39.4 31.4 Others2 Autres2 Otras reg1ones2 1.4 0.8 5.3 3.1 Total Total Total 10.5 181.6 139.6 19.2 40.2 33.7

Manufactures4 Produ1ts manufactures4 Productos manufacturados4

America Amerique Am8rica 1.7 17.5 22.1 10.0 16.8 21.0 Africa Afrique Africa 1.7 23.9 16.5 14.4 24.6 26.2 Asia Asie Asia 7.8 88.6 108.9 36.1 39.5 49.3 Others2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 2.4 17.5 17.7 55.8 66.8 69.4 Total Total Total 13.6 147.5 165.2 24.9 32.6 39.8

Total Exports Total des exportations Exportaciones totales America Amerique America 17.0 104.1 t05.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 Africa Afrique Africa 11.8 97.3 63.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 As1a Asie Asia 21.6 224.5 221.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 01hers2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 4.3 26.2 25.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Total Total 54.7 452.1 414.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

INDUSTRIAL MARKET PAYS INDUSTRIELS A PAISES INDUSTRIALES CON

ECONOMIES ECONOMIE DE MARCHE ECONOMIA DE MERCADO Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primaries 1 49.0 241.9 203.5 22.4 199 18.2 Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3 7.6 90.3 97.0 3.5 7.4 8.6 Manufactures4 Produits manufactur8s4 Productos manufacturados4 162.1 884.8 821.3 74.1 72.7 73.2 Total Exports Total des exportations Exportac1ones totales 218.7 1.217.0 1.121.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

·valeur des produtts de base et des produits manufactures exprimee en pourcentage de Ia valeur totale des exportations en 1970, 1980, et1983 • Valor de los productos pnmanos y de los productos manufacturados como porcentaje de las exportac1ones totales, 1970, 1980, y 1983.

Note: For commodity groupings by SITC (Standard International Trade Classmca!Jon) numbers and classification of mdustnal market economtes and develop1ng countnes, see pages viit-x • Note: Pour les groupements de produits selon les 1ndtcatifs de Ia CTCI (CtasstficatiOn type pour le commerce mternational) et Ia classification des pays industrials et en d9vel· oppement, voir pages xx-xxii • Nota: V8anse en las ptlginas xxxii-xxx1v los grupos de productos bas1cos segUn las claves de Ia CUCI (Ciastf1cac16n Untforme para el Comercto lnternactonal) y Ia clasificact6n en paises industriales y en desarrollo.

1 SITC 0 to 2 plus 4 and 68 (includes non-ferrous metals) • Sect1ons 0 a 2 plus 4 et 68 (y compns les metaux non ferreux) • Secciones 0 a 2 mas 4 y 68 (mclutdos los metales no ferrosos)

2United Nations data for other developing countnes ts obtained as a restdual figure and does not necessarily reflect the actual export performance of the countnes/areas involved • Les donnees des Nations Unies relatives aux "autres'" pays en dE!veloppement sont obtenues en soustrayant le commerce des regions d9nommees du commerce de I' ensemble des PED Par consequent, elles ne correspondent pas forc8ment aux exportations reelles des pays ou regions en question • Los datos de las Naciones Umdas sabre otros de los paises en desarrollo se obtienen en forma de residues y no refle]an forzosamente el desempeflo real de los paises y regiones en materia de exportac1ones.

3SITC 3 • CTCl, Section 3 • CUCI. Secci6n 3

4SITC 5 to 9, excluding 68 (excludes nonferrous metals) • Sections 5 a 9, sans 68 (sans les metaux non ferreux) • Secciones 5 a 9, exclUtdo 68 (exciUidos los metales no ferrosos)

Sources· UNCTAO, Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics; UN, Monthly Bulletin of StatJsttcs • CNUCED. Manuel de stattst1ques du commerce international er du dfweloppement; NU, Bulletin mensuel de stattsttque • UNCTAD, Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statistics; NU, Monthly Bulletm of Statistics.

2

Primary I Commodities rEllJ'W~~ ft~:::fT.t~~;<;~ (Petroleum)

,·A'~ .•."k"

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Exports (Ex-Petroleum) Total Exports

1970

24.9o;e9.2%) 30.8%~

"' 69.2%

75.1%

Total $44.2 Billion Total $54.7 Billion

1980

45.5%

67.4%

Total $270.5 Billion Total $452.1 Billion

1983

Total $275.3 Billion Total $414.9 Billion

Manufactures -

INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES

Total Exports

(3.5%)

74.1%

Total $218.7 Billion

Total $1,217.0 Billion

Total $1,121.8 Billion

TABLE 2 TABLEAU 2 CUADRO 2 VALUE OF PRIMARY COMMODITIES AND MANUFACTURES AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL IMPORTS, 1970, 1980, AND 1983*

Imports, fob (b1111on US dollars) Percentage of Total Imports

Importations en m1ll1ards En pourcentage du total de dollars EU des 1mportat1ons

lmportac1ones en miles de Porcenlaje del total m111ones de dolares de EE UU de 1mportac1ones

1970 1980 1983 1970 1980 1983

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PAYS EN PAISES EN DESARROLLO DEVELOPPEMENT

Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primaries 1

America Amerique Am8nca 3,1 17,5 12,8 17.4 14,9 14,9 Africa Afrique Africa 2.4 16,0 14.4 16,2 16,5 20.2 Asia Asie Asia 7.0 42.8 43.0 25.3 19.4 18.3 Others2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 2.0 8.8 7.6 238 19.5 18.9 Total Total Total 14.5 85.1 77.8 21.1 17.7 18.0

Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3

America Amerique Am8rica 2.0 28.8 25.3 11.2 24.5 29.6 Africa Afrique Africa 0.7 8.0 6.5 4.7 8.3 9.1 Asia Asie Asia 2.0 42.8 46.0 7.2 19.4 19.5 Others2 Autres2 Otras reg1ones2

~ 10.7 10.1 6.0 23.7 25.2 Total Total Total 5.2 903 87 9 7.6 18.8 20.3

Manufactures4 Produits manufactures4 Productos manufacturados4

America Amerique America 12.7 71.3 47.5 71.4 60.6 55.5 Africa Afnque Africa 11.7 72.7 50.4 79.1 75.2 70.7 Asia Asie Asta 18.7 1351 146.5 67.5 61.2 62.2 Others2 Autres2 Otras regiones2 5.9 ~ 22.5 70.2 56.8 55.9 Total Total Total 49.0 304 7 266.9 71.3 63.5 61.7

Total Imports Total des importations lmportadones totales

America Amerique America 17.8 117.6 85.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Africa Afrique Africa 14.8 96.7 71.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Asia Asie Asia 27.7 220.7 235.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 Others2 Autres2 Otras regtones2 8.4 45.1 40.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Total Total 68.7 480.1 4326 100.0 100.0 100.0

INDUSTRIAL MARKET PAYS INDUSTRIELS A PAISES INDUSTRIALES CON ECONOMIES ECONOMIE DE MARCHE ECONOM!A DE MERCADO

Primary Commodities 1 Produits de base 1 Productos primaries 1 63.6 255.3 213.6 30.3 19.8 18.8 Petroleum3 Petrole3 Petr61eo3 20.8 357.3 258.6 9.9 27.7 22.8 Manufactures4 Produits manufactures4 Productos manufacturados4 125.4 677.4 662 5 ~ ~ 58.4 Total Imports Total des importations lmportaciones totales 2098 1.290.0 1.134.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

"Valeur des prodwts de base et des produ1ts manufactures expnmee en pourcentage de Ia valeur totale des 1mportattons en 1970. 1980. et 1983 • Valor de los productos pnmar1os y de los praductos manulacturados como porcenlaJe de las 1mportac1ones tolales, 1970. 1980. y 1983.

Note· For commoditY groupings by SITC {Standard International Trade Classification) numbers and classil1cat1on of Industrial market econom1es and developmg countr1es. see pages v111-x • Note: Pour les groupements de produ1ts selon les 1r1dicat1fs de Ia CTCI {Classification type pour le commerce mternaliOnal) et Ia classif1cat1on des pays 1ndustriels et en devel­oppement. votr pages xx-xxn • Nota: veanse en las p8g1nas xxxi1-xxx1v los grupos de productos bas1cos segun las claves de Ia CUCI (Ciaslf1cac16n Un1forme para el Comerc1o lnternactonal) y Ia clas1ficacr6n en paises 1ndustnales y en desarrollo

1 SITC 0 to 2 plus 4 and 68 (mcludes non-ferrous metals) • Sections 0 a 2 plus 4 et 68 (y compns les metaux non ferreux) • Secc1ones 0 a 2 mas 4 y 68 (1nclu1dos los metales no ferrosos)

2Un1ted Nations data for other developmg countnes IS obta1ned as a res1dual ftgure and does not necessanly reflect the actual export performance of the countnes areas mvolved • Les donnees des NatiOns Un1es relatives aux ··autres"" pays en developpement sont obtenues en soustrayantle commerce des regtons dE'mommees du commerce de I" ensemble des PED. Par consequent, elles ne correspondent pas forcement aux exportations rSelles des pays ou reg1ons en quest10n • Los datos de las Nac1ones Umdas sabre otros de los paises en desarrollo se obtienen en lorma de res1duos y no reflejan lorzosamente e\ desempef"ID real de los pa1ses y reg1ones en materia de exportac1ones

3SITC 3 e CTCI, Sect10n 3 e CUCI. Secc16n 3

4SITC 5 to 9, excludmg 68 (excludes nonferrous metals) • Sect1ons 5 a 9, sans 68 (sans les metaux non ferreux) • Secc1ones 5 a 9. exclu1do 68 (exc1u1dos los metales no ferrosos)

Sources: UNCTAD, Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Stat1sttcs; UN. Monthly Bullerm of StatiStics • CNUCED, Manuel de statiSflques du commerce mternattonal et du dBve/oppement; NU. Bulletin mensuel de statist1que • UNCTAD. Handbook of International Trade and Development Stat1St1cs; NU. Monthly Bulletm of Statistics

Primary j Commodittes

~{':1'f?WA$(J~l :t,<'"y,,>, (Petroleum) Jt.,_4<~?;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Imports (Ex-Petroleum) Total Imports

1970

(7.6%) ~22.8% ~28.7%

77.2° 71.3°!.

Total $63.5 Billion Total $68.7 Billion

1980

(18.8%)

Total $389.8 Billion Total $480.1 Billion

1983 . ·. 22.6%

~-

' ~···· -· ..

Total $344.7 Billion Total $432.6 Billion

Manufactures ..

INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES

Total Imports

(9.9%)

59.8% 40.2%

Total $209.8 Billion

Total $1,290.0 Billion

58.4%

Total $1,134.7 Billion

TABLE 3 TABLEAU 3 VOLUME, VALUE, AND UNIT VALUE EXPORT INDICES, 1960-84'* (1980 = 100)

Developmg Countnes Pays en d9veloppement

Paises en desarrollo

Year Volume2 Value2 Unit Value2

An nee Volume2 Valeur-2 Valeur umtaire2

Ai\o Volumen2 Valor" Valor unitario2

1960 49 5 10 1961 49 5 10 1962 51 5 10 1963 55 6 10 1964 61 6 10

1965 64 6 10 1966 69 7 10 1967 70 7 10 1968 77 8 10 1969 86 9 10

1970 99 10 10 1971 100 11 11 1972 108 13 12 1973 129 19 15 1974 102 40 39

1975 89 37 42 1976 105 45 43 1977 107 51 48 1978 109 53 49 1979 112 74 66

1980 100 100 100 1981 93 98 105 1982 87 85 98 1983 88 79 90 1984 97 86 89

CUADRO 3

Industrial Market Economies Pays industrials a economie de march9

Paises Industriales con economia de mercado

Volume Value Unit Value Volume Valeur Valeur unitaire

Volumen Valor Valor unitario

24 7 28 26 7 28 27 8 28 29 8 28 32 9 29

34 10 30 37 11 30 39 12 30 45 14 30 50 16 31

54 18 33 58 20 35 64 24 37 71 32 45 76 43 56

73 46 63 81 51 63 85 58 68 90 69 77 96 85 89

100 100 100 102 98 96 101 93 92 104R 93R 89 114 98 86

•tndices de volume, de valeur, et de valeur unitaire des exportations, 1960·841 •lndtces del volumen, valor, y unitario de las exportaciones. 1960·841. 1The Indices are based on trade data (including petroleum) 1n US dollars in 1980. Followtng weights have been used in computing the volume indices: Developing Countnes: 30.4%; Industrial Market Economies: 69.6% • Les Indices sont fondE!s sur les statistiques du commerce (y compns pEttrole) en 1980, en dollars EU. Pour fe calcul des Indices de volume, on a utilise les ponderations suivantes: pays en developpement: 30,4%; pays industriels a Etconom•e de marcM: 09,6% • Los indices se basan en datos comerciales (incluido el petr61eo) en d61ares estadoumdenses de 1980. Para calcular los Indices relatives al volumen se han empleado las s•guientes ponderac•ones: palses en desarrollo, 30,4%; palses industnales con economfa de mercado: 69,6%

2Data revised • Donnees revisees • Cifras revisadas.

Sources: United Nations, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, October 1985; UNCTAD, Handbook of International Trade and Development StatistiCS, 1985 Supplement • Sources: Nations Unies, Bulletin mensue/ de statistique, octobre 1985; CNUCED, Manuel de statistiques du commerce international et du d6ve/oppement, supplement 1985 • Fuentes: Naciones Umdas. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, Octubre 1985; UNCTAD, Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics, 1985 Supplement

4

200~------~---------r--------,---------~------~

Developm Countr1es Vol me

10 / /

9 / /

8 / /'\

7 I \ 6 I ,\ 5r---L----4--------~~------~--------+-------~

Ocv iopmg Coe;r::ne Value 4r-------,_-------+--------r-------,_ ______ _,

3r--------4--------~--------~--------+-------~

2r-------,_-------+--------r-------,_ ______ _,

1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1960 1965 1970 1975

Semi-logarithmic scale

I I I I II I I I 1980 1984

I 1"'\I;IIL.!;; ..

TERMS OF TRADE INDICES, 1960-84' (1980 = 100)

Year Developing Countries

An nee Pays en developpement

Arlo Paises en desarrollo

1960 51 1961 49 1962 48 1963 48R 1964 46R

1965 44R 1966 45R 1967 41R 1968 42 1969 42

1970 42 1971 43 1972 42 1973 45 1974 80

1975 79 1976 79 1977 80 1978 75 1979 83

1980 100 1981 106R 1982 103 1983 99R 1984 99

I AOLI:.AU q

Latm Amenca2

Amenque latine2

America Lat1na2

69 69 68 68 69

68 71 67 69 74

75 72 78 82

104

107 102 104 95 93

100 98 93 94R 94

•tndlces des termes de I'Elchange, 1960-841 • lnd1ces de relaci6n de intercambio, 1960-841

CUADRO 4

lndustnal Market Afnca As1a Economies

Pays industrials a Afrique ASI8 economie de marche

Paises industnates con Africa Asia economia de mercado

54 38 117 49 37 117 45 36 122 45 36 117 43 34 121

41 33 120 42 33 120 40 30 120 38 31 120 38 31 119

40 30 122 43 32 122 41 31 123 44 33 122 75 74 108

71 72 109 73 74 109 77 74 106 69 70 108 78 80 107

100 100 100 107 110 99R 101R 109 100 96R 102 101 97 103 100

1 Un1t value index of exports dlvtded by un1t value mdex of imports Includes petroleum • Iodice des valeurs un1ta1res des exportations d1v1s8 par l'tnd1ce des valeurs umta1res des importations. Y compns petrole • El 1ndice del valor umtarto de las exportaciones div1d1do por el ind1ce del valor umtario de las importactones. lncluye el petr6leo

21ncludes Caribbean countries • Y compns Anttlles • Comprende los paises del Canbe.

Sources: Un1ted Nations, Monthly Bulletm of StatiStiCS, October 1985; UNCTAD. Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics. 1985 Supplement • Sources: Nattons Umes, Bulletin mensuel de statJstique, octobre 1985; CNUCED, Manuel de stat1St1ques du commerce international et du d&veloppement. supplement1985 • Fuentes. Naciones Unidas, Monthly Bulletm of StatiStiCS, Octubre 1985, UNCTAD, Handbook of International Trade and Development StatJstJcs, 1985 Supplement.

300

200

Industrial Market Economies

j _,......_,.- --____ .... \ r-~-, ~~--100

I '-1 ~ 90

J 1 .... dtU' :..mer:Cd

80

~/ ~ ~~/ ~ ..... 70 '-../

60

' ~. Developing Countries I

50 - '\ '

~~\ I

' ~! 40

"'-, ---, .... '-..../ '\ I ,, I .... ... _,

' Arr:cca :- /~SI::t ,, -, I

\ ,, , ; \ ,.,.---...... ; ~

30

20

-·

Semr-logarithmic scale

10 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I-~ I I I I

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984

5

TABLE 5 TABLEAU 5 VALUE INDICES OF DIRECTION OF WORLD EXPORTS, 1960-84* (1980 = 100)

From lndustnal Market Economies· From Developmg Countries*" Year An nee to industnal to developing to nonmarket to •ndustnal to developmg to nonmarkel Ana market econom•es' countnes .. economies··· market economies· countries*' economies**'

1960 6.7 7.4 4.9 5.1 4.4 5.9 1961 7.2 7.6 5.3 5.1 4.4 7.2 1962 7.8 7.4 5.5 5.3 4.6 7.6 1963 8.6 7.9 6.1 5.8 4.8 8.1 1964 9.7 8.6 7.5 6.4 5.3 9.4

1965 10.7 9.2 8.2 6.7 5.5 11.6

1966 11.8 10.1 9.4 7.2 5.7 11.3 1967 12.6 10.3 10.3 7.5 5.9 10.4

1968 14.2 11.4 10.6 8.2 6.4 11.1

1969 16.6 12.6 11.6 9.2 7.1 12.8

1970 19.3 14.3 13.7 10.3 7.9 15.2 1971 21.6 16.1 14.7 11.5 9.4 14.7 1972 25.8 18.2 19.4 13.7 11.0 18.2 1973 34.9 25.1 30.1 20.5 16.6 26.3 1974 44.5 38.8 43.5 42.2 345 40.0

1975 45.0 47.2 54.7 37.8 35.5 48.8

1976 51.2 50.2 55.4 46.4 41.8 51.3

1977 57.7 58.9 56.2 52.4 48.9 58.9 1978 69.1 70.6 69.6 54.8 51.8 64.0 1979 87.1 80.2 85.9 75.5 72.9 74.3

1980 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1981 94.5 108.6 95.2 93.8 110.3 107.4 1982 90.7 99.3 86.8 79.2R 104.2R 113.2R 1983 92.4R 90.5 84.8R 73.9R 96.4R 113.5R 1984 100.2 90.6 88.0 79.6 103.2 112.8

1980 Exports. fob (mil. US$) 894,026 293,387 61,162 391,574 138,922 20,590

'Indices de valeur des courants d'exportat1ons mondtales. 1960-84 • Indices de valores de Ia cornente de exportactones mundiales,

'Pays rndustriels a economre demarche • Paises industnales con economia de mercado

'*Pays en developpement • Paises en desarrollo

'*'Economres plamfrees • Economfas no de mercado

CUADRO 5

From Nonmarket Econom•es'''

to Industrial to developing to nonmarket market econom1es' countnes'' economies**'

5.0 4.4 12.7 5.3 6.4 12.5 5.5 8.2 13.7 6.3 8.5 14.5 7.3 9.2 15.4

8.3 10.1 16.1 9.9 11.5 16.2

10.5 12.0 17.6 10.9 13.1 19.5 12.3 14.7 21.1

13.7 16.4 23.3 15.3 17.0 25.6 18.0 19.3 30.6 27.3 28.2 37.9 40.0 36.8 42.5

40.9 42.1 55.7 47.3 45.8 58.9 52.6 580 68.1 59.2 72.4 79.3 81.6 84.4 89.9

100.0 100.0 100.0 99.4 118.3 100.1

103.7 131.2 104.0 106.0R 130.9R 112.6R 108.8 115.0 117.1

56,368 31,633 85,479

1960-84

Sources: United Natrons, Monthly Bulletm of Statrstics, UNCTAD. Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statrstrcs • Sources. Natrons Unres, Bulletin mensue/ de statistrque: CNUCED, Manuel de statistiques du commerce mternational et du developpement • Fuentes: Nacrones Unrdas. Monthly Bulletin of Statrstics: UNCTAD, Handbook of lnternatrona/ Trade and Development Statrsttcs

6

200

,.-..

~j 100 .41".. .......

90

80 I " I v 70 ,, 60 _,0 50

.,,/ l/ 40

"" 'I r 30

From Developing to Nonmarket Economies

20

\/ ~ l "'-, , 10

,, I / / 9 , /e.. 1/ 8

,~ / / i'-.,. 7

1/ / /.. ~ 6

5 ./, ,- _\ ....... From Developmg to

lndustnal Market

~ 1\ Economres

4 From Dev~loping to

Developing Countries

a

2

Semi-logarithmic scale

1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I r I I I I 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1984

1 AHLE 6 TABLEAU 6 MARKET SHARES OF WORLD TRADE BY ECONOMIC CLASSES, 1960-84* (percent)

From Industrial Market Economies· From Developmg Countnes·· Year Annee to Industrial to developing to nonmarket to mdustnal to developing to nonmarket Aria market economtes· countnes·· economies··· market econom1es' countries·· economtes ...

1960 70.5 25.5 3.5 72.2 22.3 4.5 1961 71.2 24.7 3.6 71.4 22.1 5.4 1962 73.1 23.0 3.6 71.5 22.0 5.4 1963 73.8 22.2 3.6 72.3 21.3 5.3 1964 74.2 21.6 3.9 72.0 21.2 5.6

1965 74.7 21.1 3.9 71.6 21.0 6.6 1966 74.7 20.9 4.1 72.5 20.6 6.0 1967 75.2 20.3 4.2 73.4 20.4 5.3 1968 75.9 19.9 3.9 73.8 20.4 5.2 1969 76.8 19.2 3.7 73.6 20.1 5.4

1970 76.9 18.7 3.7 73.4 20.0 5.7 1971 77.0 18.8 3.6 72.7 21.1 4.9 1972 77.5 18.0 4.0 73.1 20.8 5.1 1973 76.7 18.1 4.5 73.1 21.0 4.9 1974 73.5 21.0 4.9 73.3 21.3 3.7

1975 69.7 24.0 5.8 70.1 23.4 4.8 1976 71.3 22.9 5.3 71.2 22.7 4.1 1977 70.9 23.8 4.7 71.0 23.5 4.2 1978 70.8 23.8 4.9 71.1 23.8 4.4 1979 72.7 22.0 4.9 70.9 24.3 3.7

1980 70.9 23.3 4.9 70.1 24.9 3.7 1981 68.4 25.8 4.7 67.0 27.9 4.0 1982 69.3 24.9 4.5 64.2 29.9 4.8R

1983 71.4R 22.9R 4.5R 64.0R 29.6R 5.2R

1984 72.9 21.6 4.4 64.3 29.6 4.8

CUADRO 6

From Nonmarket Econom1es ...

to industnal to developing to nonmarket market economies· countnes'' economies·•·

18.7 9.3 72.0 19.1 12.9 68.1 17.9 14.9 66.9 18.8 14.4 66.2 20.2 14.3 65.1

21.5 14.7 63.3 24.1 15.7 59.8 23.8 15.3 60.4 22.8 15.3 61.7 23.3 15.6 60.7

23.5 15.8 60.5 24.0 15.0 60.8 23.7 14.3 61.3

26.9 15.6 56.6

31.7 16.3 51.1

27.3 15.8 56.3 29.0 15.7 54.7 27.8 17.2 54.5

26.8 18.4 54.5 30.9 17.9 51.7

32.2 18.1 48.8 31.1 20.8 47.5

30.9 22.0 47.0 30.2R 20.9R 48.6R 30.0 17.8 48.9

·Parts du marche du commerce mondial par categories econom1que, ~960-84 (en pourcentages) • Partlc1pa.c1ones de los mercados en el comerc1o mund1al par categor1as econ6m1cas. 1960-84 (porcentaJe).

Note. Due to errors and omiSSIOns, detail w111 not total 100 • Note: En ra1son d'erreurs et omiSSions. le total ne sera pas ngoureusement egal a 100 • Nota. Debido a errores y omis1ones, las di11ersas cifras no suman 100.

"Pays industrials a economie demarche • Pa1ses 1ndustnales con economfa de mercado

**Pays en developpement • Paises en desarrollo

... Econom1es planifi6es • Economias no de mercado.

Sources: UN, Monthly Bulletin of Statisttcs; UNCTAD. Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statistics • Sources: NU, Bulletin mensuel de stat1st1que, CNUCED. Manuel de statist1ques du commerce international et du deve/oppement • Fuentes: NU, Monthly Bulletin of Statist1cs; UNCTAD, Handbook of InternatiOnal Trade and Development Statistics.

FROM DEVELOPING TO

Industrial Market Economics 64.3~/o 70 1°1<:' 73 40:1o

Developing Countries 29.6% 24.9'% 20.0%

Nonmarket Economies 4.8% 3.7% 5.7%

TOTAL 484.4 Billion TOTAL $558.6 Billion TOTAL $55.0 Billion

TABLE 7 TABLEAU 7 CUADRO 7 COMMODITY/COUNTRY MATRIX OF EXPORTS OF SELECTED PRIMARY COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, VALUE, AVERAGE 1981-83*" (million US dollars)

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

America

Argentina

Bahamas Barbados

Belize Bolivia

Brazil Chile Colombia

Costa Rica Cuba

Dominican Rep. Ecuador

El Salvador Guatemala

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras Jamaica Mex1co Neth. Antilles

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay

Peru Sun name

Trinidad & Tobago Uruguay Venezuela

Amer Nesc Sub-Total

Cocoa

072.1

(.)

247.1

(.)

2.1

50.8 38.4

(.) 0.9

3.4 1.5 4.3 8.1

0.8

1.1 0.2

4.9

17.6 5.4

386.7

Coffee

071.1

0.1

14.9

1823.3

1497.1 229.2

44.8

83.0 131.1 419.9 337.1

0.1

40.9 158.8

7.7 412.8

8.6

125.0 14.0 0.5

106.8

2.2

4.4 0.8

5463.2

Tea

074.1

30.6

(.)

(.)

12.0

(.)

0.7 0.2 0.1

(.)

0.5

0.1

(.)

44.3

Rtce

042

30.4

(.)

0.2

8.3

4.1 14.7

(.)

(.)

26.9

0.2 0.9

(.)

36.9

(.)

92.7 1.8 0.1

217.5

Mafze

044

898.7

()

0.3

42.4 0.1

(.)

(.)

1.1 1.5 (.)

0.7

8.7

(.)

0.3 1.2

0.1 0.3

(.)

955.3

Wheat and Meslm

041

971.3

0.3

(.)

0.8

19.3 (.)

991.6

Sugar

061.1 T

061.2

172.0

25.2 35.5

9.0

723.1 4.2

66.9 24.1

4513.2

346.9 4.6

23.6 67.3 90.0

1.8 34.1 49.9

2.6 0.8

36.2 38.7

3.1 6.7

24.7 2.1 (.)

11.9 6318.2

Beef

011.1

431.2

(.)

0.1 0.2

174.1 (.)

43.0 53.0

8.0 (.)

2.3 27.3

2.0 37.2

11.2

27.4 6.2 2.3

0.1 202.2

0.1

1027.9

Bananas

057.3

22 (.)

11.3 0.1

140.4 2305

2.7 191.4

62.3

(.)

197.1 5.4 2.0

23.3 70.5

() (.)

6.2

(.)

3.6 40.3

989.4

Copra

223.1

0.4

(.)

(.)

0.1 0.5

Groundnuts

222.1

36.4

(.)

17.3

0.1 (.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.4

0.5

2.0

(.)

0.2 57.0

Coconut Groundnut Oil 011

424.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

1.6

()

(.)

(.) (.)

3.9 5.7

423.4

24.3

39.7

64.0

Linseed Oil

424.1

90.8

0.8

(.)

2.3

93.8

Palm Oil

424.2

2.0

(.)

0.1

0.6

03

3.1

Fish Meal

018.42

0.5

2.0 253.5

(.)

28.6

3.8

152.8

2.2

0.3 443.7

Cotton

263.1

35.9

0.1

973

47.7

0.6

0.2 1.7

51.7 77.0

7.7

2026

1050

112.3 59.0

(.)

0.1 798.8

Jute

264+ 265.8

0.1

0.3

(.)

0.3

Sisal

265.4

29.7

(.)

0.8

6.5

37.0

Hides Iron Manganese Phosphate Total Total Wool Rubber T1mber and Skinsb Tobacco Petroleum Baux1te Copper Tin Lead Z1nc Ore Ore Rock 33 CommodJtles Other Exports

268.1 + 232 245 + 246 + 211 121 333 287.31 287.1 T 287.6 j 287.4" 287.5+ 281 281.7 271.3 268.2 247 + 248 682.1 687.1 685.1 686.1

America

205.4 (.) 0.7 42.7 45.4 4.5 1.8 3022.6 5236.4 8259.0 Argentina 2852.0 2852.0 Bahamas

25.3 232.1 257.3 Barbados 0.2 1.5 39.7 58.6 98.3 Belize 3.4 9.2 0.1 1.1 2.2 259.9 7.4 16.9 324.7 575.7 900.3 Bollvra

9.4 0.1 178.5 1.1 433.0 151.8 109.0 5.6 76.3 1702.7 49.6 5948.4 15840.6 21789.0 Brazil 18.8 104.8 2.2 2.3 1759.4 0.8 144.0 2290.1 1527.2 3817.3 Chile

(.) 1.9 21.4 0.8 1823.5 1220.5 3044.0 Colombra 0.7 0.6 0.2 555.1 360.5 915 7 Costa Rica

38.5 2.9 4600.2 499.8 5100.0 Cuba

(.) 37.0 2.8 533.1 380 6 913.7 Dominican Rep. 11.1 0.1 1.3 1223.7 0.7 1634.4 727.6 2362.0 Ecuador

(.) 0.9 500.2 243.4 743.7 El Salvador 2.9 0.1 14.2 0.3 589.6 578.7 1168.3 Guatemala

0.1 6.3 76.8 200.1 61.2 261.3 Guyana

0.6 9.9 59.4 101.3 160.7 Haiti (.) 27.1 4.6 11.6 7.9 13.9 502.4 197.6 700.0 Honduras

0.5 135.1 203.0 621.0 824.0 Jamaica 3.6 1.9 38.3 15456.7 202.5 40.6 66.6 9.9 16475.1 4185.5 20660.7 Mextco

119.9 129.4 5270.6 5400.0 Neth. Antilles

2.1 0.7 3.9 325.0 114.0 4390 Nicaragua 0.6 2.2 138.1 172.5 310.7 Panama

53.8 2.4 7.5 184.9 118.5 303.3 Paraguay 4.4 (.) 2.7 0.4 0.2 359.3 384.5 29.5 101.8 235.2 84.2 1530.2 1657.5 3187.7 Peru

5.4 26.9 75.9 346.1 422.0 Suriname

(.) 1331.4 1363.5 1699.5 3063.0 Tnnrdad & Tobago 121.7 (.) 1.2 444.1 650.3 1094.3 Uruguay

(.) 1.0 11598.3 227.6 11854.6 5335.4 17190.0 Venezuela (.) 3.9 0.2 67.3 143.7 211.0 Amer Nesc

359.8 7.5 414.4 57.3 659.8 30242.2 360.6 2358.7 370.2 157.7 335.6 2158.5 59.5 55440.0 51008.4 106448.3 Sub-Total

TABLE 7 TABLEAU 7 CUADRO 7 COMMODITY/COUNTRY MATRIX OF EXPORTS OF SELECTED PRIMARY COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, VALUE, AVERAGE 1981-83*" (Cont'd.) (million US dollars)

10

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

Africa

Algeria

Angola

Benm Botswana Burkina

Burundi Cameroon Central Afr. Rep. Chad

Congo, P.R.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Equatorial Guinea Eth1opia

Gabon Gambia, The

Ghana Gumea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast

Kenya

Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali

Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique

Namibta

Niger Nigeria Rwanda

Senegal Sierra Leone

Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo

Tunista Uganda

Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe

Afnca Nes0

Sub-Total

Cocoa

072.1

5.1

134.0 (.)

3.0

13.5

5.7

340.2 5.2

552.1 (.)

11.4 2.8 (.)

254.9

12.2

2.1 20.3

0.2 5.2

10.7 1378.5

Coffee

071.1

87.7 4.3 (.)

71.8 170.3

27.5

4.0

(.)

1.0 242.3

1.5

2.4 9.4

442.0 250.5

20.1 107.7

1.2

(.)

(.)

3.4 57.7

(.)

11.7

137.6 16.6

0.1 307.3 115.5

17.6

2.2 2113.6

Tea

074.1

(.)

0.1

2.6 1.0 (.)

(.)

(.) 162.9

0.1 41 9

6.6 (.)

16.8

7.6 (.)

20.0 (.)

0.8 2.2

8.8

1.5

273.0

RICe

042

(.)

01 1.6

(.)

20.4

0.1 (.)

0.4 1.7

(.)

(.) 0.7

(.)

(.)

0.4 25.5

Ma1ze

044

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.3 6.4

0.1 3.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

4.0

(.)

50 6

440.0 504.8

Wheat and Meslin

041

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.6

0.1

11.6 12.8

Sugar

061 1 ~ 061.2

0.1

3.7

3.5

11.9

2.8 0.4

18.7 14.6

(.)

8.2 49.1

211.4

11.7

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

118.1 2.4

(.)

3.1

2.0 66.6

204.8 733.0

Bee!

011.1

67.5 0.6

0.1

2.4

02 0.7

3.1

(.1

(.)

0.1

0.2

(.)

0.2 3.8

7.4

86.4

Bananas

057.3

(.)

2.5

0.1

(.)

(.)

21.0 0.1

0.2

(.)

0.3

(.)

0.1

12.9

(.)

(.)

0.8 38.1

Copra

223.1

(.)

2.9

1.2

3.2 7.3

Groundnuts

222.1

0.1 0.2

0.1

6.7

0.1

12.2

3.0 (.)

0.1

0.2 6.3 0.5

1.0

(.)

0.4

4.9

47.0

0.2 2.3

24.2 109.5

Coconut Groundnut Oil 011

424.3

10.2 0.1

1.0

(.)

11.4

423.4

(.)

(.)

5.8

(.)

(.)

3.3

(.)

72.4

7.7

(.)

0.6

11.8 101.6

Linseed 0•1

424.1

(.)

(.)

0.1 0.1

Palm Oil

424.2

1.4

3.1

(.)

0.1 29.8

(.)

2.7

1.3

(.)

(.)

0.1

1.8

40.3

F1sh Meal

018.42

6.6 0.2 2.9

1.9

(.)

3.0 14.6

Cotton

263.1

1.0 7.4 0.4

28.2

2.2 383 69

42.7

435.7

7.8

0.7 68.1

1.7

4.9 0.7

60.1

3.7 17.3

{.)

10.3

164.0 7.3

61.6 15.1

5.7

3.4 76.9

0.1 1071.9

Jute

264+ 265.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

S1sal

265.4

1.8

19.3

5.9

1.5

0.1

23.2

0.1 51.9

Wool

268.1 + 268.2

0.9

(.)

1.9

4.5

170.0 177.4

Rubber

232

7.0 0.2

(.)

24.3 (.)

71.1

(.)

23.3

18.6

0.3 144.8

Timber

245 + 246 f 247 f 248

91.0 24.4

32.0

3.5

129.2

12.8

0.1 311.3

1.5

45.2 0.2 (.)

3.9

0.7

15.3 1.0

(.)

10.3

5.7

9.5 698.6

H1des and Sk1nsb

211

0.7 3.3

2.5

0.9 3.3 0.8 3.1

0.7

26.8

0.4

1.0 14.0

0.4 1.7

1.6

4.7 1.2 2.1 2.0

11.1 9.2

7.7

1.9

1.4 3.1

57.6 163.2

Tobacco

121

(.)

4.6

(.)

4.6 0.9

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

1.1 123.6

(.)

0.1

0.2

0.1 0.2

16.2 0.1

1.7 0.3

3.8 265.6

11.2 434.3

Petroleum

333

4509.3 1345.0

971.7

1779.0

1458.0

4.4

49.7

13359.3

1004.0

188.7

24669.1

Baux1te

287.31

1.5 226.4

5.3

233.2

Copper

287.1 f

682.1

0.4

22.7

(.)

19.5

51.0

579.6 968.6 29.5

195.9 1867.3

287.6 t

687.1

4.7

0.3 24.4 14.7

4.0

11.7

28.5 88.4

Lead

287.4 f 685.1

54.4

23.1

6.1

7.3

50.4 141.4

287.5 t

686.1

10.0

3.4

12.5

3.5

57.2 28.4

115.1

Iron Ore

281

19.2 0.8

301.3

145.6

(.)

1.5

215.3 683.7

Manganese Ore

281.7

103.6

4.6

9.7

0.4

113.8 232.1

Phosphate Rock

271 3

32.8

5.1

612.9

53.9

85.4

42.4

3.9 836.5

Total 33 Commodit1es

4572.5 1444.2

18.1 90.9 31.7

77.5 460.7

60.7 45.8

1015.2

2260.6 18.0

282.1 1698.4

17.9

366.3 241.0

3.9 1528.8 474.1

4.5 451.8 135.0 228.2

65.6

152.3 218.3 706.6 58.0 91.3

5.1 13669.2

82.1 146.5 31.0

24.0 228.1 144.7 277.2 137.6

1061.5 320.4 991.0

1015.0 534.8

1571.0 37059.2

Other

74059 0.3

17.5 399.1

30.9

1.2 559.7

35.3 24.5 28.5

928.7 0.9

111.5 414.0 21.8

445.7 192.4

8.8 750 2 572.9

30.2 22.8

193.7 20.1 901

113.7 134.7

1440.4 155.4 108.7

3709 1096.8

4.6 3365

96.7

163.0 3655 190.6 184.5 46.1

1068.2 66 0.3

33.6 734.2

8628.7 27586 2

Total Exports

Africa

11978.3 Algeria 1444.5 Angola

35.7 Benin 490.0 Botswana

62.7 Burkina

78.7 Burundi 1020.3 Cameroon

96.0 Central Afr. Rep. 70.3 Chad

1043.7 Congo, P.R.

3189.3 Egypt, Arab Rep. 18.8 Equatorial Guinea

393.7 Ethiopia 2112.3 Gabon

39.7 Gambia. The

812.0 Ghana 433.3 Guinea

12.7 Guinea-Bissau 2279.0 Ivory Coast 1047.0 Kenya

34.7 Lesotho 474.7 Lrbena 328.7 Madagascar 248.3 Malawr 155.7 Mali

266.0 Mauritania 353.0 Mauntius

2147.0 Morocco 213.3 Mozambrque 200.0 Namibia

376.0 Niger 14766.0 Nigeria

86.7 Rwanda 483.0 Senegal 127.7 Sierra Leone

187.0 Somalia 593.7 Sudan 335.3 Swazrland 461.7 Tanzania 183.7 Togo

2129.7 Tunisia 327.0 Uganda 991.3 Zaire

1048.7 Zambia 1269.0 Zimbabwe

10199.7 64645.4

Africa Nesd Sub-Total

11

TABLE 7 TABLEAU 7 CUADRO 7 COMMODITY/COUNTRY MATRIX OF EXPORTS OF SELECTED PRIMARY COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, VALUE, AVERAGE 1981-83*" (Cont'd.) (million US dollars)

Wheat and Meslin

Coconut Groundnut Cocoa Coffee Tea Rice Ma1ze Sugar Beef Bananas Copra Groundnuts 01l Oil

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

Asia

Afghanistan

Bangladesh Burma China India

Indonesia Iran Iraq

Jordan Korea, Rep.

Lebanon Malaysia

Nepal Pakistan Philippines

Sri Lanka

Syrian Arab Rep. Thailand

Yemen, Arab Rep. Yemen. P.D.R.

Asia Nes8

Sub-Total

Oceania

Fiji Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands Vanuatu

Oceania Nes1

Sub-Total

Southern Europe

Cyprus

Greece Israel Malta

Portugal

Turkey Yugoslavia

Sub-Total

Total Developing Other" World Gross Exports

072.1

(.)

17.6

85.9

0.2

1.2

(.)

105.0

0.3 47.8

1.3 1.3 1.6

523

(.)

(.)

1922.5 165.5

2088.0

071.1

(.)

13.1 189.9

371.6 (.)

5.3 0.1

4.7

45.2

5.2

15.2 0.5 1.6

6.2 658.7

(.)

109.8

0.1 (.)

109.9

1.0 1.2 0.5

0.1

0.5 3.3

8348.7 770.3

9118.9

074.1

43.1

232.8 485.1

103.6 1.2

(.)

0.3

0.8 (.)

3.6

332.2

0.5

(.)

9.2 1212.4

0.1 10.7

10.8

0.1 (.)

0.1

(.)

3.3 0.1 3.7

1544.1 281.4

1825.6

042

2.3 179.4 251.2 235.7

(.)

0.4 0.1

0.5 1.3

27.9 416.3

13.1

(.)

1022.1

0.1

94.8 2245.1

(.)

(.)

0.7

(.)

0.7

0.1 1.0 0.2

0.8

(.)

1.2 3.3

2492.2 2040.6 4532.7

044

2.8 12.7

1.1

4.6 (.)

1.0 0.1

0.2 0.1

(.)

366.9 (.)

2.0 391.6

(.)

(.)

0.7 6.6 0.2 (.)

0.1

(.)

123.7 131.3

1983.0 8354.9

10338.0

041

(.)

3.6

7.1

(.)

0.7

(.)

7.3 18.7

(.) 76.1

(.)

68.0 12.2

156.3

1179.4 15859.6 17039.1

061.1 + 061.2

0.3

131.8 138.8

132.0

17.9 0.2 0.1

427.3

(.)

425.8

(.)

5.3 1279.6

132.8 0.9

(.)

133.8

(.)

0.7 1.6

4.4

57.0 2.5

66.2

8530.7 3810.5

12341.2

011.1

16.5 47.5

0.8 0.1

(.)

(.)

0.2

0.1 (.)

(.)

28.3 93.6

(.)

1.2 (.)

1.3

(.)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

21.0 107.2 128.8

1338.1 6661.3 7999.4

057.3

33.9 0.6

(.) (.)

0.1 2.1

1.6 126.3

1.8

(.)

3.9 170.2

(.)

1.0 1.0

(.)

2.1

(.)

(.)

2.1

1200.7 182.6

1383.4

223.1

0.4

0.2

7.9

29.1

2.7

0.3 40.8

25.0 8.4

10.9 5.6

49.9

98.4 9.7

108.1

222.1

133.2 32.9

0.7

0.7 (.)

0.1

0.5 8.2

9.4 185.6

(.)

(.)

(.)

12.2

6.8

19.0

371.2 243.3 614.5

424.3

(.)

1.5

(.)

37.8

(.)

483.4

15.2

(.)

1.0 539.0

8.2 19.7

0.1 5.0

32.9

0.1

(.)

1.6

1.7

590.7 92.1

682.8

"Matnces Des Exportations De Quelques ProdUitS De Base En Provenance Des Pays En Devetoppement, Par ProdUitS De Base Et Par Pays, Valeur Moyenne Au Cours De La Penode 1981-83 • Matnz De Producto Bas1C01Pa1s De Las Exportac1ones De Productos Primaries Selecc•onados De Los Pa1ses En Desarrollo, Valor Med1o En El Penodo 1981·83

12

aExcludes Hong Kong and Smgapore

bMmor exporters are excluded.

c Amenca Nes includes St. P1erre and M1quelon. Antigua, St. K1tts-Nev1s, Dom1mca, St Lucia, St. V1ncent, and Grenada

dAfrica Nes 1nctudes Cape Verde Islands, Camero Islands. DJ1bout1, Sao Tome and Pnnc1pe, Seychelles Islands, West Sahara, and South A1nca

eAs1a Nes includes Bhutan. Macao, Mald1ve Islands, Democratic Kampuchea. Laos. PDR. Korea Dem. Rep .. Mongolia, and V1et Nam.

1 Oceama Nes mcludes Cook Islands, Western Samoa. Nauru, Chnstmas Islands, and Klflbat1

9Jncludes mdustnal market econom1es and nonmarket econom1es.

Sources: FAO. Commodity Revtew and Outlook; FAO. Trade Yearbook Computer Tapes. FAO. Yearbook of Forest Products Computer Tapes, FAO, Yearbook of Fishery StattstJcs: UN. Yearbook of /nternaDonal Trade Stat1sDcs; UN, D·Seoes Trade Data System; UNCTAD, Yearbook of /nternatJonal Commodity Statistics

423.4

45.0

(.)

0.2

0.1

0.2

1.1 46.6

(.)

1.7

1.6

3.4

215.5 86.4

302.0

Linseed 011

424.1

(.)

0.1

0.1

0.1

(.)

0.1

0.2

94.2 54.1

148.3

Palm 011

424.2

0.1

119.2

1201.0

(.)

0.1

1320.3

26.3 7.5

33.8

0.1

0.1

0.2

1397.7 314.9

1712.7

Fish Meal

018.42

0.3 0.2

(.)

0.8

0.3

0.8

55.9

0.1

(.)

58.5

(.)

(.)

(.)

516.8 488.5

1005.4

Cotton

263.1

13.9 0.5 3.6

73.5 107.5

0.1 0.1

0.2

370.8 (.)

0.1 143.9

9.9 2.1 2.7

(.)

728.8

28.2 124.0

0.1

280.5 0.7

433.4

3033.0 3677.4 6710.4

Jute

264+ 265.8

107.6 3.2

11.2 9.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

9.6

2.1

1.5 144.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

144.7 5.9

150.6

S1sa1

265.4

0.6

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.6

0.6

0.6

90.2 1.4

91.6

Wool

268.1 + 268.2

23.1

28.9

0.1 1.1 (.)

0.1

1.7 0.2

9.7

6.8

51.5 123.1

0.5 0.5 0.1 (.)

0.7

(.)

0.9 2.8

663.1 2998.1 3661.2

Rubber

232

9.3 0.4 (.)

763.4

1.8

1442.6

7.0

127.8

474.6

36.2 2863.2

3.2

3.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

3018.6 53.7

3072.3

Timber

245 I 246 + 247 +248

120.5 49.6 15.2

628.7 (.)

34.3

0.8 1828.8

11.7

284.4

4.3 0.9 5.7

(.)

18.6 3003.4

2.0 71.1 21.4

0.8 0.9

96.2

0.2 1.9

91.1

17.0 283.2 393.3

4605.9 11951.9 16557.9

Hides and Skmsb

211

11.4

0.1 26.7

8.1 39.4

6.8

16.4 1.5

18.1 0.5

1.2 0.6 0.7

10.2 1.3

1.6 144.7

1.1 17.8

0.1 4.7

0.2 23.9

389.1 1992.3 2381.4

Tobacco Petroleum

121

1.3

38.3 201.5

42.2 0.7

(.)

104.2

11.9 (.)

0.6 0.8

42.8

2.2 4.2

89.6 (.)

1.8

12.1 554.1

(.)

0.2

0.2

0.1 187.9

(.)

1.8 0.2

327.0 90.3

607.4

333

3684.2 652.3

10951.3 15062.3 9474.3

3283.8

1202.7

44311.0

274.5

274.5

2255.7 99496.8 2143.3 167870.8 4399.0 267367.6

Bauxite

287.31

8.8 0.4

8.2

6.1

23.5

29.7

33.5 63.2

680.4 129.1 809.5

Copper

287.1 + 682.1

0.1 27.4

104.1 29.2

18.8

35.5

337.9

553.1

288.8

288.8

0.5

3.2

1.8 14.2 19.9

5087.7 2881.3 7969.0

287.6 I

687.1

16.5 39.4

346.4

739.1

328.0

5.8 1475.1

1933.7 654.5

2588.2

Lead

287.4 + 685.1

1.8

35.6 37.5

15.6

29.9 45.5

382.1 786.1

1168.1

Zinc

287.5+ 686.1

1.9

12.2

6.1

1.8

71.4 93.3

10.4

6.3 19.5 36.1

580.1 1858.2 2438.2

281

354.2

(.)

0.6

354.8

0.7 07

3197.7 3634.5 6832.2

Manganese Ore

281.7

11.8

0.1

0.1

0.3

12.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

304.0 72.9

376.9

Phosphate Rock

271.3

152.8

34.2

187.0

106.7 106.7

75.1

75.1

1205.4 592.3

1797.7

Total 33 Commod1t1es

48.4 155.0 337.5

4859.4 2483.1

13468.1 15145.2 9482.2

164.7 300.9

32.3 8702.1

68.2 811.6

1798.6

492.6 1394.5 2807.6

12.8 7.6

403.1 62975.4

143.5 603.5

39.3 14.3

120.9 921.5

4.5 654.1 216.4

2.1 109.5

789.0 720.6

2496.1

158892.2 240719.7 399611.9

Other

645.6 518.0

78.2 17015.3 6147.9

9411.2 2278.1

699.5 523.3

22216.4

719.0 3940.9

39.2 1996.4 3450.8

568.1 615.2

3976.0 30.8

719.0

22174.2 97763.3

135.5 186.9

22.4 14.0 27.4

386.1

530.5 3691.6 4854.9

405.3 4196.2

4571.7 9356.8

27606.9

204350.8 1281611.3 1485962.1

Total Exports

Asia

694.0 Afghanistan

673.0 Bangladesh

415.7 Burma

21874.7 China

8631.0 India

22879.3 lndones1a

17423.3 Iran

10181.7 Iraq

688.0 Jordan

22517.3 Korea. Rep. of

751.3 Lebanon

12643.0 Malaysia

107.3 Nepal

2808.0 Pakistan

5249.3 Philippines

1060.7 Sri Lanka

2009.7 Synan Arab Rep.

6783.7 Thailand

43.7 Yemen, Arab Rep.

726.7 Yemen. P.D.R

22577.3 160738.7

Asia Nes9

Sub-Total

Oceania

279.0 Fiji

790.3 Papua New Guinea

61.7 Solomon Islands

28.3 Vanuatu

148.3 1307.6

Oceania Nes1

Sub-Total

Southern Europe

535.0 Cyprus

4345.7 Greece

5071.3 Israel

407.3 Malta

4305.7 Portugal

5360.7 Turkey

10077.3 Yugoslavia

30103.0 Sub-Total

363243.0 Total Developing 1522330.9 Other!• 1885574.0 World Gross Exports

13

TABLE 8 TABLEAU 8 COUNTRY SHARE OF WORLD COMMODITY EXPORTS, AVERAGE, 1981-83* (percent)

14

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

America

Argentina

Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Bolivia

Brazil Ch1le

Colombia

Costa R1ca

Cuba

Dominican Rep.

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Jamaica

Mextco

Neth. Antilles

Nicaragua Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Suriname

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

Venezuela

Amer Nesc

Sub-Total

Cocoa

072.1

(.)

11.8

(.)

0.1

2.4 1.8 (.)

(.)

0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4

()

0.1 (.)

0.2

0.8 0.3

18.5

Coffee

071.1

(.)

0.2

20.0

16.4 2.5 0.5

0.9 1.4 4.6 3.7

(.)

0.4 1.7 0.1 4.5 0.1

1.4 0.2

(.)

12

(.)

(.) (.)

59.9

Tea

074.1

1.7

(.)

(.)

0.7

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

2.4

RIC€

042

0.7

(.)

(.)

0.2

0.1 0.3

(.)

(.)

0.6

(.)

()

(.)

0.8

(.)

2.0 (.)

()

4.8

Maize

044

8.7

(.)

(.)

0.4 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

()

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

9.2

Wheat and Meslln

041

5.7

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

5.8

Sugar

061.1 + 061.2

1.4

0.2 0.3 0.1

5.9 (.)

0.5 0.2

36.6

2.8 (.)

0.2 0.5 0.7

(.)

0.3 0.4 ()

(.)

0.3 0.3 (.)

0.1

0.2 (.)

(.)

0.1 51.2

Beef

011.1

5.4

(.)

(.)

(.)

2.2

(.)

0.5 0.7

0.1 (.)

() 0.3

(.)

0.5

0.1

0.3 0.1 ()

(.)

2.5 (.)

12.9

CUADRO 8

Bananas

057.3

0.2 (.)

0.8 (.)

10.2 16.7

0.2 13.8

4.5

(.)

14.2 0.4 0.1

1.7 5.1 (.)

(.)

0.5

(.)

0.3 2.9

71.5

Copra

223.1

0.4

(.)

()

0.1 0.5

Groundnuts

222.1

5.9

(.)

2.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

()

(.)

0.1

0.1

0.3

(.)

(.)

9.3

Coconut Groundnut Oil 011

424.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

()

0.6 0.8

423.4

8.0

13.2

21.2

Linseed 01

424.1

61.2

0.5

(.)

1.5

63.3

Palm 011

424.2

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

Fish Meal Cotton

018.42

(.)

0.2 25.2

()

2.8

0.4

15.2

0.2

() 44.1

263.1

0.5

(.)

1.4

0.7

(.)

(.)

() 0.8 1.1

0.1

3.0

1.6

1.7 0.9

(.)

(.)

11.9

Jute

264+ 265.8

0.1

0.2

(.)

0.2

S1sal

265.4

32.4

(.)

0.9

7.1

40.4

Hides Iron Manganese Phosphate Total Total Wool Rubber T1mber and Skmsb Tobacco Petroleum Baux1te Copper T1n Lead Z1nc Ore Ore Rock 33 Commod1t1es Other Exports

268.1 + 232 245+246+ 211 121 333 287.31 287.1 + 287.6 f 287.4+ 287.5 + 281 281.7 271.3 268.2 247 +248 682.1 687.1 685.1 686.1

America

5.6 (.) (.) 1.8 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.4 Argentina 0.2 0.2 Bahamas

(.) (.) (.) Barbados (.) (.) (.) (.) (.) Belize

0.1 0.1 (.) (.) (.) 10.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 (.) (.) Bolivia

0.3 (.) 1.1 (.) 9.8 0.1 13.5 0.1 2.9 24.9 13.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 Brazil 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 22.1 (.) 2.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 Chile

(.) (.) 0.5 (.) 0.5 0.1 0.2 Colombia (.) (.) (.) 0.1 (.) (.) Costa R1ca

0.9 (.) 1.2 (.) 0.3 Cuba

(.) 0.8 0.3 0.1 (.) (.) Dominican Rep. 0.1 (.) (.) 0.5 (.) 0.4 (.) 0.1 Ecuador

(.) (.) 0.1 (.) (.) El Salvador (.) (.) 0.3 (.) 0.1 () 0.1 Guatemala

(.) (.) 9.5 0.1 (.) (.) Guyana

(.) 1.2 (.) (.) (.) Haiti (.) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.1 (.) (.) Honduras

(.) 16.7 0.1 (.) (.) Jamaica 0.1 (.) 0.9 5.8 2.5 3.5 2.7 2.6 4.1 0.3 1.1 Mexico

(.) (.) 0.4 0.3 Neth. Antilles

(.) (.) 0.1 0.1 (.) (.) Nicaragua (.) (.) () (.) (.) Panama

0.3 0.1 0.2 (.) (.) (.) Paraguay 0.1 (.) (.) (.) (.) 0.1 4.8 1.1 8.7 9.6 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 Peru

(.) 3.3 (.) II (.) Suriname

(.) 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 Trinidad & Tobago 3.3 (.) 0.1 0.1 (.) 0.1 Uruguay

(.) (.) 4.3 3.3 3.0 0.4 0.9 Venezuela (.) (.) (.) () (.) (.) Amer Nesc

9.8 0.2 2.5 2.4 15.0 11.3 44.5 29.6 14.3 13.5 13.8 31.6 15.8 13.9 3.4 5.6 Sub-Total

15

TABLE 8 TABLEAU 8 COUNTRY SHARE OF WORLD COMMODITY EXPORTS, AVERAGE, 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)

16

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

Africa

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina

Burundi

Cameroon

Central Afr. Rep.

Chad

Congo, P.R.

Egypt. Arab Rep.

Equatorial Gumea

EthiOpia

Gabon

Gambia, The

Ghana

Gutnea Guinea~Bissau

Ivory Coast

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Maurittus

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Somalia

Sudan

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Zaire

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Africa Nesd

Sub-Total

Cocoa

072.1

0.2

6.4 (.)

0.1

0.6

0.3

16.3 0.2

26.4 (.)

0.5 0.1 (.)

12.2

0.6

0.1 1.0

(.) 0.2

0.5 66.0

Coffee

071.1

1.0 (.)

(.)

0.8 1.9

0.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

2.7 (.)

(.)

0.1

4.8 2.7

0.2 12 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.6 (.)

0.1

1.5 0.2

(.)

3.4 1.3

02

(.) 23.2

Tea

074.1

(.)

(.)

0.1 0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

8.9

(.)

2.3

0.4 (.)

0.9

0.4 (.)

1.1 (.)

(.)

0.1

0.5

0.1 15.0

Rice

042

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.5

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.6

Maize

044

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.) (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.5

4.3 4.9

Wheat and Meslin

041

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 0.1

Sugar

061.1 + 061.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

0.2 0.1

(.)

0.1 0.4

1.7

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

1.0 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.) 0.5

1.7 5.9

Beef

011.1

0.8 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

1.1

CUADRO 8

Bananas

057.3

(.)

0.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

1.5 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.9

(.)

(.)

0.1 2.8

Copra

223.1

(.)

2.6

1.1

3.0 6.7

Groundnuts

222.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

1.1

(.)

2.0

0.5 (.)

(.)

(.)

1.0 0.1

02

(.)

0.1

0.8

7.7

(.)

0.4

3.9 17.8

Coconut 01

424.3

1.5 (.)

0.1

(.)

1.7

Groundnut 01

423.4

(.)

(.)

1.9

(.)

(.)

1.1

(.)

24.0

2.6

(.)

0.2

3.9 33.6

L1nseed 011

424.1

(.)

()

0.1 0.1

Palm 011

424.2

0.1

0.2

(.)

(.)

1.7 (.)

02

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

2.4

F1sh Meal Cotton

018.42

0.7 (.)

0.3

0.2

(.)

0.3 1.5

263.1

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.4

(.) 0.6 0.1 0.6

6.5

0.1

(.)

1.0 (.)

0.1 (.)

0.9

0.1 0.3

(.)

0.2

2.4 0.1 0.9 0.2

0.1

0.1 1.1

(.)

16.0

Jute

264+ 265.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

S1sal

265.4

1.9

21.0

6.5

1.7

0.1

25.4

0.1 56.7

Wool

268.1 + 268.2

(.)

(.)

0.1

0.1

4.6 4.8

Rubber

232

0.2 (.)

(.)

0.8 (.)

2.3

(.)

0.8

0.6

(.)

4.7

Timber

245 + 246 + 247 + 248

0.5 0.1

0.2

(.)

0.8

0.1

(.)

1.9 (.)

0.3 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.1 4.2

211

(.)

0.1

0.1

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.1

(.)

1.1

(.)

(.)

0.6

(.)

0.1

0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.5 0.4

0.3

0.1

0.1 0.1

2.4 6.9

Tobacco

121

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

2.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.4 (.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 6.0

0.3 9.9

Petroleum

333

1.7 0.5

0.4

0.7

0.5

(.)

(.)

5.0

0.4

0.1

9.2

Baux1te

287.31

0.2 280

0.7

28.8

Copper

287.1 ' 682.1

(.)

0.3

(.)

0.2

0.6

7.3 12.2

0.4

2.5 23.4

287.6 + 687.1

0.2

(.)

0.9 0.6

0.2

0.5

1.1

3.4

Lead

287.4 j

685.1

4.7

2.0

0.5

0.6

4.3 12.1

Zmc

287.5 ~ 686.1

0.4

01

0.5

0.1

2.3 1.2

4.7

281

0.3 (.)

4.4

2.1

(.)

(.)

3.2 10.0

Manganese Ore

281.7

27.5

1.2

2.6

0.1

30.2 61.6

Phosphate Rock

271.3

1.8

0.3

34.1

3.0

4.8

2.4

0.2 46.5

Total 33 Commod1!1es

1.1 0.4 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

0.3

0.6 (.)

. 0.1

0.4 (.)

0.1 0.1 (.)

0.4 0.1

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

0.1 0.2 (.)

(.)

(.)

3.4 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.1 (.)

0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

0.4 9.3

Other

0.5 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.) (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.) (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

()

(.)

0.6 1.9

Total Exports

Africa

0.6 Algeria 0.1 Angola (.) Benin (.) Botswana (.) Burkina

(.) Burundi 0.1 Cameroon (.) Central Air. Rep. (.) Chad

0.1 Congo, P.R.

0.2 Egypt, Arab Rep. (.) Equatorial Guinea (.) Ethiopia

0.1 Gabon (.) Gambia, The

(.) Ghana (.) Guinea (.) Guinea-Bissau

0.1 Ivory Coast 0.1 Kenya

(.) Lesotho (.) Liberia (.) Madagascar (.) Malawi (.) Mali

(.) Mauritania (.) Mauntius

0.1 Morocco (.) Mozambique (.) Namibia

(.) Niger 0.8 Nigena (.) Rwanda (.) Senegal (.) Sierra Leone

(.) Somalia (.) Sudan (.) Swaziland (.) Tanzania (.) Togo

0.1 Tunisia (.) Uganda

0.1 Zaire 0.1 Zambia 0.1 Zimbabwe

05

34 Afnca Nesd Sub-Total

17

TABLE 8 TABLEAU 8 COUNTRY SHARE OF WORLD COMMODITY EXPORTS, AVERAGE, 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)

SITC (Rev. 21 Code

Asia

Alghamstan Bangladesh

Burma Ch1na India

Indonesia Iran Iraq

Jordan Korea, Rep

Lebanon Malays1a Nepal

Pakistan Philippines

Sn Lanka Synan Arab Rep. Thailand Yemen, Arab Rep.

Yemen. P.D.R.

Asia Nes8

Sub-Total

Oceania

FiJi Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands Vanuatu

Oceania Nes1

Sub-Total

Southern Europe

Cyprus Greece Israel

Malta Portugal

Turkey Yugoslavia

Sub-Total

Total Developing Other9

World Gross Exports

Cocoa

072.1

(.1

0.8

4.1

(.I

0.1

(.I

5.0

1-1 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.5

(.)

(.)

92.1 7.9

100.0

Coffee

071.1

(.)

0.1 2.1

4.1 (.)

0.1 (.)

0.1

0.5

0.1

0.2 I) (.)

0.1 7.2

(.)

1.2

1-1 1-1

1 2

(.I 1-) 1-1

1-1

1-1 1-1

91.6 8.4

100.0

Tea

074.1

2.4

12.8 26.6

5.7 0.1

(.)

1-1

(.)

I) 0.2

18.2

(.)

1-1 0.5

66.4

1-1 0.6

0.6

(.)

1-1 1-1

(.)

0.2

1-1 0.2

84.6 15.4

100.0

Rtce

042

0.1 40 5.5 5.2

1-)

1-) 1-) (.)

1-1 0.6 9.2 03

1-)

22.5

1-) 2.1

49.5

1.) (.I (.)

(.)

(.)

II (.I (.)

I)

(.)

(.I 0.1

55.0 45.0

100.0

Matze

044

1-1 0.1

(.)

1-1 (.)

(.)

I)

1-1 (.)

(.)

3.5

1-1

(.)

3.8

II

1-1

(.)

0.1

1-1 1-1 (.)

1-1 1.2 1.3

19.2 80.8

100.0

Wheat and Meslln

041

(.)

1-1

1-1

1-1 1-1

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.4

1-1

0.4 0.1 0.9

6.9 93.1

100.0

Sugar

061.1 + 061.2

1-1

1.1 1.1

1.1

0.1 (.)

(.)

3.5

1-)

3.5

(.)

(.)

10.4

1.1 (.)

1-1 1.1

(.)

(.)

I)

(.)

0.5 (.)

0.5

69.1 30.9

100.0

Beef

011.1

0.2 0.6

(.)

(.)

1-1

(.)

(.)

1-) 1-1 (.)

0.4 1.2

1-1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

1-1 1-1 (.)

(.)

0.3 1.3 1.6

16.7 83.3

100.0

CUADRO 8

Bananas

057.3

2.4

1-1

I) 1-1 (.)

0.1

0.1 9.1

0.1

I)

0.3 12.3

(.)

0.1 0.1

1-1

0.1

1-1 (.)

0.2

86.8 13.2

100.0

Copra

223.1

0.4

0.2

7.3

26.9

2.5

0.3 37.7

23.1 7.7

10.1 5.2

46.1

91.0 9.0

100.0

Groundnuts

222.1

21.7 5.4

0.1

0.1 (.)

(.)

0.1 1.3

1.5 30.2

(.)

1-1 (.1

2.0

1.1

3.1

60.4 39.6

100.0

Coconut Oil

424.3

(.)

0.2

(.)

5.5

(.)

70.8

2.2

I)

0.1 78.9

1.2 2.9

(.)

0.7 4.8

1-1

(.)

0.2

0.3

86.5 13.5

100.0

Ground nut 011

423.4

14.9

(.1

0.1

1-1

0.1

0.4 15.4

(.)

0.6

0.5

1.1

71.4 28.6

100.0

·Part Ou Pays Dans Les ExportatiOns Mondtales De Produtts De Base, Moyenne ~981-1983 (En Pourcentage) • Proporcion Del Pats En Las Exportactones Mundtales De Productos Bastcos, Promedto 1981-1983 (Porcen­

laJe)

NOTE: Detatls may not add to totals due to roundtng. Footnotes and sources shown on Table 7

18

Lmseed Oil

424.1

II 0.1

0.1

0.1

(.)

(.)

0.1

63.5 36.5

100.0

Palm Otl

424.2

(.)

7.0

70.1

(.)

II

77.1

1.5 0.4

2.0

(.)

(.)

(.)

81.6 18.4

100.0

Ftsh Meal

018.42

(.)

1-1

1-1

0.1

(.)

0.1

5.6

1-1 (.)

5.8

1-1 (.)

(.)

51.4 48.6

100.0

Cotton

263.1

0.2 (.)

0.1 1.1 1.6

(.)

(.)

(.)

5.5

1-1

1-1 2.1 0.1

1-1 (.)

1-1 10.9

0.4 1.8

1-1 4.2

1-1 6.5

45.2 54.8

100.0

Jute

264+ 265.8

71.4 2.1 7.5 6.1

(.)

1-1

(.)

6.4

1.4

1.0 95.8

I)

(.)

(.)

96.1 3.9

100.0

Sisal

265.4

0.7

1-1

1-1 I) (.)

0.7

0.6

0.6

98.5 1.5

100.0

Wool

268.1 + 268.2

06

08

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.3

0.2

1.4 3.4

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

18.1 81.9

100.0

Rubber

232

0.3 (.)

(.)

24.8

0.1

47.0

0.2

4.2

15.4

1.2 93.2

0.1

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

98.3 1.7

100.0

T1mber

245+246 + 247 j 248

0.7 0.3 0.1

3.8 (.)

0.2

(.)

11.0 0.1

1.7

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 18.1

(.)

0.4 0.1 (.)

(.)

0.6

(.)

(.)

0.5

0.1 1.7 2.4

27.8 72.2

100.0

211

0.5

(.)

1.1

0.3 1.7 0.3

0.7 0.1 08

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.) 0.4 0.1

0.1 6.1

(.)

0.7

(.)

0.2

(.) 1.0

16.3 83.7

100.0

Tobacco

121

(.)

0.9 4.6

1.0 (.)

(.) 2.4

0.3 (.) (.)

(.) 1.0

0.1 0.1 2.0 (.)

(.)

0.3 12.6

(.) (.)

(.)

(.)

4.3 (.) (.)

(.)

7.4 2.1

13.8

51.3 48.7

100.0

Petroleum

333

1.4 0.2

4.1 5.6 3.5

1.2

0.4

16.6

0.1

0.1

37.2 62.8

100.0

Baux1te

287.31

1.1 0.1

1.0

0.8

2.9

3.7

4.1 7.8

84.1 15.9

100.0

Copper

287.1 I

682.1

(.)

0.3

1.3 0.4

0.2

0.4

4.2

6.9

3.6

3.6

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2 0.2

63.8 36.2

100.0

Trn

287.6+ 687.1

0.6 1.5

13.4

28.6

12.7

0.2 57.0

74.7 25.3

100.0

Lead

287.4 + 685.1

0.2

3.1 3.2

1.3

2.6 3.9

32.7 67.3

100.0

Zmc

287.5 + 686.1

0.1

0.5

0.3

0.1

2.9 3.8

0.4

0.3 0.8 1.5

23.8 76.2

100.0

Iron Ore

281

5.2

(.)

(.)

5.2

(.)

(.)

46.8 53.2

100.0

Manganese Ore

281.7

3.1

(.)

(.)

0.1

3.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

80.7 19.3

100.0

Phosphate Rock

271.3

8.5

1.9

10.4

5.9 5.9

4.2

4.2

67.1 32.9

100.0

Total 33 Commod1t1es

(.)

(.)

0.1 1.2 0.6

3.4 3.8 2.4 (.)

0.1

(.)

2.2 (.)

0.2 0.5

0.1 0.3 0.7 (.)

(.)

0.1 15.8

(.)

0.2 (.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

(.)

0.2 0.1

(.)

(.)

0.2 0.2 0.6

39.8 60.2

100.0

Other

(.)

(.)

(.)

1.1 0.4

0.6 0.2 (.)

(.)

1.5

(.)

0.3 (.)

0.1 0.2

(.)

(.)

0.3 (.)

(.)

1.5 6.6

II (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2 0.3

(.)

0.3

0.3 0.6 1.9

13.8 86.2

100.0

Total Exports

Asia

(.) Afghantstan (.) Bangladesh (.) Burma

1.2 Chrna 0.5 India

1.2 lndonesta 0.9 Iran 0.5 Iraq (.) Jordan

1.2 Korea. Rep. of

(.) Lebanon 0.7 Malaysia (.) Nepal

0.1 Pakistan 0.3 Philtpprnes

0.1 Sri Lanka 0.1 Synan Arab Rep. 0.4 Thatland (.) Yemen, Arab Rep. (.) Yemen, P.O.R

1.2 8.5

Asia Nese

Sub-Total

Oceania

(.) FiJi (.) Papua New Gwnea

Solomon Islands (.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

Vanuatu

Oceania Nes1

Sub-Total

Southern Europe

(.) Cyprus 0.2 Greece 0.3 Israel (.) Malta

0.2 Portugal

0.3 Turkey 0.5 Yugoslavta 1 6 Sub-Total

19.3 Total Developing 80.7 Other•

100.0 World Gross Exports

19

TABLE 9 TABLEAU 9 COMMODITY SHARE OF COUNTRY TOTAL EXPORTS, AVERAGE 1981-83* (percent)

20

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

America

Argentina Bahamas

Barbados Belize Bolivia

Brazil

Ch1le Colombia Costa Rica

Cuba

Dominican Rep. Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras Jamaica Mextco Neth. Antilles

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Sunname

T nnidad & Tobago

Uruguay Venezuela

Amer Nesc Sub-Total

Cocoa

072.1

(.)

1.1

(.)

0.2

5.6 1.6 (.)

0.1

2.1 0.2 0.5

(.)

0.3

(.)

(.)

0.2

0.1 2.5 0.4

Coffee

071.1

(.)

1.7

8.4

49.2 25.0

0.9

9.1 5.5

56.5 28.9

(.)

25.4 22.7

0.9 2.0 0.2

28.5 4.5 0.2 3.4

0.1

(.)

0.4 5.1

Tea

074.1

0.4

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

()

(.)

()

0.2

(.)

(.)

()

042

0.4

(.)

0.2

(.)

0.1 1.6

(.)

(.)

10.3

(.)

03 (.)

8.8

(.)

8.5 (.)

0.1 0.2

Ma1ze

044

10.9

(.)

(.)

0.2 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2 (.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

()

()

0.9

Wheat and Meslln

041

11.8

(.)

()

0.2

1.8 ()

0.9

Sugar

061.1 + 061.2

2.1

9.8 36.1

1.0

3.3 0.1 2.2 2.6

88.5

38.0 0.2 3.2 5.8

34.4

1.1 4.9 6.1

(.)

(.)

8.3 12.4

1.0 0.2

0.8 0.2 (.)

5.7 5.9

Beef

011.1

5.2

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.8 ()

1.4 5.8

0.9 (.)

0.3 2.3

1.2 5.3

0.1

6.2 2.0 0.8

()

18.5 ()

1.0

CUADRO 9

Bananas

057.3

2.2 (.)

0.1 (.)

4.6 25.2

0.3 8.1

5.3

(.)

28.2 0.7 (.)

5.3 22.7

(.)

() 1.5

(.)

(.)

19.1 0.9

Copra

223.1

(.)

(.)

()

(.)

(.)

Groundnuts

222.1

0.4

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.) (.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

0.6

()

0.1 0.1

Coconut Oil

424.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

(.)

()

(.)

(.)

1.9 (.)

Ground nut Oil

423.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

Linseed Oil

424.1

1.1

(.)

(.) 0.2

0.1

Palm 011

424.2

(.)

()

(.)

0.2

0.1

(.)

F1sh Meal Cotton

018.42

(.)

(.)

6.6

(.)

1.2

1.2

4.8

0.2

0.1 0.4

263.1

0.4

(.)

0.4

1.6

()

(.)

0.1 7.0 6.6

1.1

1.0

23.9

37.0 1.9

(.)

0.1 0.8

Jute

264+ 265.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

S1sal

265.4

0.1

(.)

0.5

(.)

(.)

H1des Iron Manganese Phosphate Total Total Wool Rubber Timber and Skinsb Tobacco Petroleum Baux1te Copper r,n Lead ZinC Oce Oce Rock 33 Commod1t1es Other Exports

268.1 + 232 245 + 246 + 211 121 333 287.31 287.1 + 287.6+ 287.4 + 287.5+ 281 281.7 271.3 2682 247 +248 682.1 687.1 685.1 686.1

America

2.5 (.) (.) 0.5 0.5 0.1 (.) 36.6 83.4 100.0 Argent1na 100.0 100.0 Bahamas

9.8 902 100.0 Barbados 0.2 1.5 40.4 59.6 100.0 Belize 0.4 1.0 (.) 0.1 0.2 28.9 0.8 1.9 36.1 63.9 100.0 Bolivia

(.) (.) 0.8 (.) 2.0 0.7 0.5 (.) 0.4 7.8 0.2 27.3 72.7 100.0 Brazil 0.5 2.7 0.1 0.1 46.1 (.) 3.8 60.0 40.0 100.0 Chile

(.) 0.1 0.7 (.) 599 40.1 100.0 Colombia 0.1 0.1 (.) 60.6 39.4 100.0 Costa Rica

0.8 0.1 90.2 98 100.0 Cuba

(.) 4.0 0.3 58.3 41.7 100.0 Dominican Rep. 0.5 (.) 0.1 51.8 (.) 69.2 30.8 100.0 Ecuador

(.) 0.1 67.3 32.7 100.0 El Salvador 0.2 (.) 1.2 (.) 50.5 49.5 100.0 Guatemala

(.) 2.4 29.4 76.6 23.4 100.0 Guyana

0.4 6.2 37.0 63.0 100.0 Haiti (.) 3.9 0.7 1.7 1.1 2.0 71.8 28.2 100.0 Honduras

0.1 16.4 24.6 75.4 100.0 Jamaica (.) (.) 0.2 74.8 1.0 0.2 0.3 (.) 79.7 20.3 100.0 Mex1co

2.2 2.4 97.6 100.0 Neth. Antilles

0.5 0.2 0.9 74.0 26.0 100.0 Nicaragua 0.2 0.7 44.5 55.5 100.0 Panama

17.7 0.8 2.5 609 39.1 100.0 Paraguay 0.1 (.) 0.1 (.) (.) 11.3 12.1 0.9 3.2 7.4 2.6 48.0 52.0 100.0 Peru

1.3 6.4 18.0 82.0 100.0 Suriname

(.) 43.5 44.5 55.5 100.0 Tnnidad & Tobago 11.1 (.) 0.1 40.6 59.4 100.0 Uruguay

(.) (.) 67.5 1.3 69.0 31.0 100.0 Venezuela (.) 1.8 0.1 31.9 68.1 100.0 Amer Nesc

0.3 (.) 0.4 0.1 0.6 28.4 0.3 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 2.0 0.1 52.1 47.9 100.0 Sub-Total

21

TABLE 9 TABLEAU 9 COMMODITY SHARE OF COUNTRY TOTAL EXPORTS, AVERAGE 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)

22

SITC (Rev 2) Code

Africa

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burktna

Burundi

Cameroon

Central Afr Rep.

Chad

Congo. P.R.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Equatonal Guinea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia. The

Ghana

Gumea Guinea-Bissau

Ivory Coast

Kenya

Lesotho

Libena

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco Mozambique

Namibta

Niger

Ntgeria

Rwanda

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Somalia

Sudan

Swaziland

Tanzanta

Togo

Tuntsta Uganda

Zatre Zambia

Zimbabwe

Afnca Nesd

Sub-Total

Cocoa

072.1

14.2

13.1 (.)

0.3

71.5

0.3

41.9 1.2

24.2 (.)

24 0.8 (.)

1.7

9.6

0.5 11.0

0.1 0.5

0.1 2.1

Coffee

0711

6.1 12.1

(.)

91.2 16.7 28.7

04

(.)

5.5 61.5

0.1

0.3 2.2

194 23.9

4.2 32.8

0.5

(.)

(.)

(.)

66.6 (.)

9.2

29.8 9.0

(.) 94.0 11.6

14

(.) 3.3

Tea

074.1

(.)

0.1

3.2 0.1 (.)

()

(.)

15.6

(.)

16.9

1.9 (.)

7.9

8.7 (.)

4.3 (.)

0.2 0.2

0.7

(.)

04

R1ce

042

(.)

0.1 0.2

(.)

0.6

(.)

(.)

0.1 0.7

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

044

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

0.6

(.)

1.3

(.)

(.)

()

(.)

1.2

(.)

4.0

4.3 0.8

Wheat and Meslin

041

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

Sugar

061.1 I

061 2

0.1

04

0.3

04

0.7 ()

0.8 14

(.)

2.5 19.8

59.9

5.5

(.)

(.)

(.)

()

35.2 0.5 (.)

0.1

0.2 5.2

2.0 1.1

Beef

011.1

13.8 1.0

(.)

0.6

(.)

0.1

t.O

()

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

1.1

0.6

0.1

Bananas

057.3

(.)

0.2

(.)

(.)

0.3 0.9 (.)

0.1

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

6.9

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

CUADRO 9

Copra

223.1

(.)

1.3

0.3

(.)

(.)

Ground nuts

222.1

(.)

0.3

(.)

0.2

(.)

30.7

23.7 (.)

(.)

0.1 2.5 0.3

0.5

(.)

(.)

1.0

7.9

(.)

0.2

0.2 0.2

Coconut Oil

424.3

04 ()

0.5

(.)

(.)

Groundnut 011

4234

(.)

(.)

14.5

(.)

(.)

2.1

(.)

15.0

1.3

(.)

(.)

0.1 0.2

Linseed 0•1

424.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

Palm 0!1

424.2

3.8

03

(.)

04 1.3 (.)

0.6

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

0.1

F1sh Meal

018.42

2.5 0.1 0.1

04

(.)

(.)

(.)

Con on

263.1

0.1 20.7

0.1 45.0

2.8 3.8 7.2

60.7

13.7

2.0

5.3 3.0 0.2

1.5 0.3

38.6

0.2 8.1

(.)

2.1

27.6 2.2

13.3 8.2

1.8

0.3 6.1

(.) 1.7

Jute

264< 265.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

S1sal

2654

0.1

1.8

1.8

0.7

(.)

5.0

(.)

0.1

Wool

268.1 + 268.2

(.)

(.)

0.2

12.9

1.7 0.3

Rubber

232

0.7 0.2

(.)

1.1 (.)

15.0

(.)

0.2

1.9

(.)

0.2

T1mber

245+246 t

247+248

89 25.4

3.1

18.5

6.1

1.6

1.0 13.7 0.1

9.5 0.1 (.)

1.8

(.)

4.6 0.2

(.)

1.0

0.5

0.1 1.1

211

(.)

0.2

4.0

1.2 0.3 0.8 4.5

(.)

6.8

(.)

(.)

1.3

0.2 1.1

0.7

1.3 (.)

2.4 0.4

5.9 1.5

1.7

0.6

0.1 0.2

0.6 0.3

Tobacco

121

(.)

0.3

(.)

0.5 0.9

(.)

(.)

()

(.)

0.3 49.8

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

3.5 (.)

0.1 0.1

0.4 209

0.1 0.7

Petroleum

333

37.6 93.1

93.1

55.8

69.0

0.5

2.2

90.5

47.1

19.0

38.2

Baux1te

287.31

0.2 52.2

4.2

0.4

Copper

287.1 t

682.1

(.)

4.6

(.)

0.9

25.5

58.5 92.4

2.3

1.9 2.9

287.6 + 687.1

2.3

0.1 0.2

17.0

0.9

1.2

0.3 0.1

Lead

287.4 t

685.1

2.5

11.6

0.3

0.7

0.5 0.2

287.5 +

686.1

0.1

0.2

6.3

0.2

S.8 2.7

0.2

Iron Oce

281

0.2 0.1

63.5

54.7

(.)

1.2

2.1 1.1

Manganese Oce

281 7

4.9

0.6

0.5

(.)

1.1 0.4

Phosphate Rock

271.3

0.3

0.2

28.5

11.2

46.5

2.0

()

1.3

Total 33 Commod1t1es

38.2 100.0 50.8 18.5 50.6

98.5 45.2 63.2 65.1 97.3

70.9 95.4 71.7 80.4 45.2

45.1 55.6 30.7 67.1 45.3

12.9 95.2 41.1 91.9 42.1

57.2 61.8 32.9 27.2 45.7

1.4 92.6 94.7 30.3 24.3

12.9 38.4 43.1 60.0 74.9

49.8 98.0

100.0 96.8 42.1

15.4 57.3

Other

61.8 (.)

49.2 81.5 49.4

1.5 54.8 36.8 34.9

2.7

291 4.6

28.3 19.6 54.8

54.9 44.4 693 32.9 54.7

87.1 4.8

589 8.1

57.9

42.8 38.2 67.1 72.8 54.3

98.6 7.4 5.3

69.7 75.7

87.1 61.6 56.9 40.0 25.1

50.2 2.0

(.)

3.2 57.9

84.6 42.7

Total Exports

Africa

1 00.0 Algena 1 00.0 Angola 100.0 Bemn 100.0 Botswana 100.0 Burkina

100.0 Burundi 1 00.0 Cameroon 100.0 Central Atr. Rep. 100.0 Chad 100.0 Congo. P.R.

100.0 Egypt, Arab Rep. 1 00.0 Equatonal Guinea 100.0 Ethiopia 100.0 Gabon 100.0 Gambia, The

100.0 Ghana 100.0 Guinea 100.0 Guinea-Bissau 100.0 Ivory Coast 100.0 Kenya

100.0 Lesotho 100.0 Liberia 100.0 Madagascar 1 00.0 Malawi 100.0 Mali

100.0 Mauritama 100.0 Maurit1us 100.0 Morocco 100.0 Mozambique 100.0 Namibia

100.0 N1ger 1 00.0 Nigeria 100.0 Rwanda 100.0 Senegal 100.0 Sierra Leone

100.0 Somalia 100.0 Sudan 100.0 Swaziland 100.0 Tanzania 100.0 Togo

100.0 Tunisia 100.0 Uganda 100.0 Za1re 100.0 Zambia 100.0 Zimbabwe

100.0 100.0

Africa Nesd Sub-Total

23

TABLE 9 TABLEAU 9 COMMODITY SHARE OF COUNTRY TOTAL EXPORTS, AVERAGE 1981-83* (Cont'd.) (percent)

SITC (Rev. 2) Code

Asia

Alghan1stan

Bangladesh

Burma

Chma India

Indonesia Iran

Iraq

Jordan Korea. Rep

Lebanon

Malaysia Nepal Paktstan Phihppmes

Sn Lanka Syrian Arab Rep.

Tha11and Yemen, Arab Rep.

Yemen, P.D.R.

As1a Nes8

Sub-Total

Oceania

FiJi Papua New Gu1nea

Solomon Islands Vanuatu

Oceania Nes1

Sub-Total

Southern Europe

Cyprus Greece

Israel Malta Portugal

Turkey Yugoslavia

Sub-Total

Total Developing

Other9

World Gross Exports

Cocoa

072.1

(.)

0.1

0.7

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.1

0.1 6.1 2.1 4.4 1.1 4.0

(.)

(.)

0.5 (.)

0.1

Coffee

071.1

(.)

0.1 2.2

1.6 (.)

0.8 (.)

(.)

0.9

0.5

0.2 1.3 0.2

(.)

0.4

(.)

13.9

0.2 ()

8.4

0.2 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

2.3 0.1 0.5

Tea

074.1

6.4

1.1 5.6

0.5 (.)

(.)

{.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

31.3

()

(.)

(.)

0.8

()

1.4

0.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

0.4 (.)

0.1

R1ce

042

0.3 43.2

1.1 2.7

()

0.1 (.)

0.1 (.)

26.0 14.8

0.3

(.)

15.1

(.)

0.4 1.4

()

(.)

1.1

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

() (.)

0.7 0.1 0.2

Ma1ze

044

0.7 0.1

(.)

0.7 (.)

0.1 (.)

()

()

(.)

5.4 (.)

(.)

0.2

(.)

()

0.1 0.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

()

1.2 0.4

0.5 0.5 0.5

Wheat and Meslln

041

(.)

(.)

03

(.)

()

()

()

(.)

(.)

1.8 ()

1.3 0.1 0.5

0.3 1.0 0.9

Sugar

061.1 + 061.2

(.)

0.6 1.6

0.6

0.1 0.2

(.)

8.1

()

6.3

(.)

(.)

0.8

47.6 0.1

()

10.2

(.)

(.)

()

0.1

1.1 (.)

0.2

2.3 0.3 0.7

Beef

011.1

0.1 0.6

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.1 0.1

(.)

4.4 (.)

0.1

()

(.)

(.)

()

()

0.4 1.1 0.4

0.4 0.4 0.4

CUADRO 9

Bananas

057.3

0.2 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 2.4

(.)

(.)

()

0.1

(.)

0.7 0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

II

0.3 {.)

0.1

Copra

223.1

(.)

(.)

0.1

0.6

0.3

(.)

(.)

3.2 13.6 38.4

3.8 3.8

{.) (.) {.)

Groundnuts

222.1

0.6 0.4

(.)

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1 {.) (.)

•part Du Produ1t Dans Les Exportations Du Pays, Moyenne 1981-83 (En Pourcentage) • Proporc1on Del Productos Baslcos En Las Exportac1ones Del Pa1s. Promedro 1961-83 (PorcenfaJe)

NOTE Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Footnotes and sources shown on Table 7.

24

Coconut 011

424.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.3

(.)

9.2

1.4

(.)

(.)

0.3

2.9 2.5

0.3 3.4 2.5

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2 (.) {.)

Groundnut Oil

423.4

0.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

()

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 {.)

(.)

Lmseed 011

424.1

() 0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

{.)

(.) (.) (.)

Palm Oil

424.2

(.)

0.5

9.5

(.)

(.)

0.8

3.3 12.2

2.6

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.4 (.)

0.1

F1sh Meal

018.42

(.)

()

(.)

{.)

(.)

(.)

0.8

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

{.)

(.)

0.1 (.)

0.1

Cotton

263.1

2.0 0.1 0.9 0.3 1.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

13.2 (.)

(.)

7.2 0.1 4.7 0.4

{.)

0.5

0.6 2.4

(.)

5.2 (.)

1.4

0.8 0.2 0.4

Jute

264+ 265.8

16.0 0.8 0.1 0.1

(.)

(.)

()

8.9

(.)

()

0.1

(.)

(.) (.)

{.) (.) {.)

S1sa1

265.4

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

II

(.)

()

(.)

(.) {.)

{.)

Wool

268.1 + 268.2

3.3

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2

(.)

0.3

0.3

0.2 0.1

0.1 (.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.2 0.2 0.2

Rubber

232

2.2

(.)

(.)

3.3

(.)

11.4

0.1

12.1

7.0

0.2 1.8

0.4

0.2

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.8 (.)

0.2

Timber

245+246 t

247 j 248

29.0

0.2

0.2

2.7

(.)

0.2

0.1 14.5

10.9

5.4

0.4 (.)

0.1

(.)

0.1 1.9

0.7 9.0

34.6

2.7

0.6 7.4

(.)

(.)

2.1

0.3

2.8

1.3

1.3 0.8 0.9

211

1.6

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.2 0.1

2.2

(.)

16.9

(.)

0.1 (.) (.)

23.3 0.2

(.)

0.1

0.2 0.4

(.)

0.1

(.)

0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1

Tobacco

121

0.2

0.2

2.3

0.2 (.)

(.)

0.5

1.6

(.)

0.5 (.)

0.8

0.2 0.2

1.3

0.1 0.2

0.1 0.3

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

4.3

(.)

0.4 (.)

6.1 0.9 2.0

0.6 0.1 0.2

Petroleum

333

16.8

7.6

47.9

86.4

93.1

26.0

59.8

27.6

63

09

27.4 11.0 14.2

Bauxrte

287.31

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.7

0.3 0.2

0.2 (.) (.)

Copper

287.1 +

682.1

(.)

01

0.5

0.2

01

03

6.4

03

36.5

22.1

0.1

0.1

(.)

0.1 0.1

1.4

0.2 0.4

287.6+

687.1

4.0

0.2

1.5

5.8

4.8

(.)

0.9

0.5 (.)

0.1

Lead

287.4 + 6851

(.)

0.2

(.)

0.4

0.3 0.2

0.1

0.1 0.1

Zmc

287.5 T

686.1

0.5

0.1

(.)

(.)

0.3

0.1

0.2

01

0.2

0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1

281

4.1

(.)

(.)

0.2

(.)

(.)

0.9 0.2 0.4

Manganese Ore

281.7

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

0.1 (.) (.)

Phosphate Rock

271.3

22.2

1.7

0.1

72.0 8.2

1.5

0.2

0.3 (.)

0.1

Total 33 Commodtlles

7.0

23.0

81.2

22.2

28.8

58.9

86.9

93.1

23.9

1.3

4.3

68.8

63.5

28.9

34.3

46.4

69.4 41.4

29.4

1.1

1.8 39.2

51.5 76.4

63.7 50.6

81.5

70.5

0.8 15.1

4.3 0.5 2.5

14.7 7.2 8.3

43.7 15.8 21.2

Other

93.0

77.0 18.8 77.8 71.2

41.1 13.1

6.9

76.1

98.7

95.7

31.2

36.5

71.1

65.7

53.6

30.6 58.6

70.6 98.9

98.2

60.8

48.5

23.6

36.3

49.4 18.5 29.5

99.2

84.9 95.7

99.5 97.5

85.3

92.8

91.7

56.3 84.2 78.8

Total Exports

Asia

100.0 Afghanistan

1 00.0 Bangladesh 100.0 Burma 100.0 China 100.0 lnd1a

100.0 Indonesia 100.0 Iran 100.0 Iraq

100.0 Jordan 100.0 Korea, Rep. of

100.0 Lebanon 100.0 Malaysia

100.0 Nepal 100.0 Pakistan

100.0 Philippines

100.0 Sri Lanka 100.0 Syrian Arab Rep. 100.0 Thailand

100.0 Yemen, Arab Rep. 100.0 Yemen, P.D.R

100.0 100.0

As1a Nese Sub-Total

Oceania

100.0 Fiji

100.0 Papua New Guinea 100.0 Solomon Islands 100.0 Vanuatu

100.0 Ocean1a Nes1

100.0 Sub-Total

Southern Europe

100.0 Cyprus 100.0 Greece

100.0 Israel 100.0 Malta

100.0 Portugal

100.0 Turkey 100.0 Yugoslavia

100.0 Sub-Total

100.0 Total Developing 100.0 Other/• 100.0 World Gross Exports

25

TABLE10 TABLEAU10 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES'" EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)b

26

SITC, Rev. 2 Codes

072.1 071.1 074.1 112.1

045.9 044 042 041

061.1 I 061.2

001.1-001.3

011.1 011.2 014 036 034 + 035 037

057.3 057.1 057.96 057.52 054.51 054.2 075.1 054.4

057.71 223.1 222.1 222.5 2222 424.5 424.3 423.3 423.4 424.1

FOODS"

Beverages

Cocoa Coffee Tea Wine

Cereals

Grain Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Mesl1n

Sugar

Live Animals ('000 Head)

Meat, Fish, and Fish Products

Beef Lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Fish Products

Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices

Bananas Oranges, etc. Dates Raisins Onions Pulses Pepper Tomatoes

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Coconuts ( dessicated) Copra Groundnuts Sesame Seed Soybeans Castor Oil Coconut Oil Cottonseed 011 Groundnut Oil Linseed Oil

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

1,082 2,771

587 1,676

913 6,308 5,903 3,955

13,009

10,740

653 50

182 108 211 233

3,869 1,703

323 248 414 872

61 358

120 1,486 1,334

169 504 123 370

44 316 246

1,076 3,144

638 1,551

1,784 9,903 5,577 3,450

14,172

11,282

757 72

227 146 263 197

5,074 2,199

352 271 408 963

81 498

121 1,153 1,271

195 769 146 438

78 385 161

1971

1,184 3,176

685 1,076

3,064 11,807

5,523 1,170

15,655

11,370

742 59

206 208 318 162

6,045 2,499

332 297 369 885

92 541

136 1,043

729 191 705 151 580 66

287

203

1972

1,245 3,443

704 1,142

1,410 9,524 5,352 2,640

15,994

12,308

1,052 50

228 258 424 191

6,226 2,549

366 346 313

1,105 96

525

136 1,329

700 238

1,471 173 677

61 465 113

1973

1,096 3,626

704 1,754

2,922 8,077 5,499 4,348

16,878

11,346

914 66

228 287 562 242

6,280 2,825

408 280 366

1,128 99

673

124 1,020

741 263

2,222 174 572

49 401 112

CUADR010

1974

1,163 3,212

715 1,213

1975

1,141 3,407

741 1,071

4,066 2,993 12,267 11 ,828

5,331 4,761 2,137 2,006

17,767 16,639

10,825 10,694

523 70

193 293 557 271

6,105 2,797

302 255 385 903

97 568

111 511 567 267

3,225 185 551 53

305 108

429 87

204 318 757 213

5,865 2,843

311 283 364 915 97

572

128 1,065

638 192

3,839 119 792

49 312 123

1976

1,125 3,443

774 969

1977

923 2,715

807 958

4,124 4,896 1 0,565 11 ,446

5,986 7,551 3,487 6,642

17,125 21,231

10,155 9,599

719 95

279 452 730 289

5,762 2,805

320 354 417

1,117 116 592

131 1,104

870 215

4,146 178

1,032 47

461 173

707 93

297 461

1,115 294

6,115 3,073

256 326 464

1,131 114 677

133 918 542 176

3,602 131 867 55

487 213

1978

1,042 3,242

792 882

5,489 11,811 6,083 4,557

17,853

11,348

743 91

336 547

1,228 288

6,458 3,085

213 343 442

1,191 131 732

134 635 329 208

3,003 197

1,148 62

329 251

1979

1,022 3,570

828 748

4,950 10,880

7,650 5,655

19,002

11,291

710

88 303 589

1,276 305

6,610 2,760

289 311 474

1,251 119 707

132 408 365 236

4,137 209

1,008 81

429 195

1980R

1,008 3,502

871 671

2,553 9,684 7,636 5,353

18,381

13,169

593 67

294 501

1,338

396

6,577 2,942

243 316 525

1,234 129 691

124 421 385 231

4,650 178

1,101 83

371 242

1981R

1,256 3,463

864 734

1982R

1,167 3,695

838 690

5,982 6,401 16,856 13,255

7,733 7,693 4,399 4,776

18,489 20,752

13,069 14,264

654 98

325 535

1,327 448

6,461 2,849

165 336 640

1,338 138 710

135 379 595 256

4,060 178

1,201 126 228 183

728 118 346 632

1,264 408

6,671 2,896

171

330 648

1,465 137 767

142 401 436 243

3,041 144

1,103 118 363 185

1983

1,081 3,787

875 524

6,036 13,464

7,464 12,084

19,771

14,012

699 121 387 676

1,425 408

5,804 2,729

157 329 569

1,570 134 747

143 218 443 253

3,640 132

1,207 132 384 205

Annual(%) Growth Rated

1984c 1971-84

1,167 3,939

965 596

4,755 10,642 8,992 8,996

18,952

13,649

571 126 380

6,287 2,624

138 382 612

1,519 130 890

123 261 406 283

6,004 172 823 152 275 214

-0.4 1.1 2.4

-6.6

7.1 1.8 4.2

12.9

1.7

2.0

-1.5 5.8 5.3 9.8

12.8 7.8

0.4 0.5

-7.3 1.4 5.4 4.0 3.4 3.3

0.4 -11.6 -4.9

1.3 9.9

-0.1 5.4 8.6

-1.2 4.4

SIT C. Rev 2 Codes

423.5 424.4 424.2 423.2 423.5 081.42 081.3

263.1 264 654.5 265.4 268.1 + 268.2

232

245-248

211 121

333 287.32 684.1 287.31 287.1 + 682.1 287.2 + 683.1 287.6 + 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 287.7 271.3

Olive Oil Palm Kernel Oil Palm Oil

Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Fishmeal

Oilseed Cake and Meal

NON-FOOos•

Fibers

Cotton Jute Jute Fabrics1

Sisal

Wool (degreased)

Rubber

Timber (1,000 m3, r) {revised)

Other

Hides and Skinsg

Tobacco

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS•·"

Petroleum (million mt)

Alumma Aluminum Bauxiteh

Copper

Nickel (revised) Tin

Lead Zinc Iron Ore" (million mt)

Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

90 54

555 23 20

1,513 4,036

2,235 1,006 1,112

593 254

2,190

26,790

413 554

273 720 64

16,349 1,874

22 164

726 934

76 2,300

16,175

97 111 632 20 75

2,211 4,942

2,555 1,052 1,110

556 249

2,583

41,603

422 566

418 1,369

233 21,362 2,229

48 178

731 1,001

121 2,896

20,569

1971

102 113 991

30 40

2,149 5,883

2,527 742 935 515 200

2,847

53,151

319 639

527 2,069

302 23,046 2,387

80 187

814 1,055

140 3,367

23,251

1972

214 149

1,091 76

2 2,032 6,891

1973

171 169

1,210 121 65

690 6,777

2,696 2,683 719 869

1,057 1,084 496 461 197 169

2,804 3,301

56,743 68,670

313 753

608 2,292

361 21,841 2,701

107 189

784 1,145

134 3,156

24,850

229 744

721 2,331

367 22,571 2,797

137 177

741 1,095

160 3,410

30,114

1974

177 243

1,406 44 11

974 6,510

1,833 863

1,155 421 127

3,131

60,042

203 852

653 2,627

429 26,973 3,046

153 186

796 1,261

182 3,585

36.490

"Exportations des princ1paux prodUitS de base des pays en d9veloppement,3 1961-84 (milllers de !annes metnques)b • Exportaciones de los princ1pales productos bcis1cos par los parses en desarrollo. 8 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metncas).b

8 Excludmg Hong Kong and Singapore • Hong Kong et Singapour sont exclues des series statist•ques • Hong Kong y Singapur estan excluidos

bunless otherwtse noted • Sauf tndtcatton contratre • A menos que se rndtque otra cosa

cPre\1minary data • Donnees provisotres • Cifras provtstona\es

dleast squares trend • Tendance des motndres carres • Tendencta de mimmos cuadrados.

8 See pages xx and xxxti for French and Spantsh commodrty descnpllons • Votr pages xx et xxxtr pour Ia descnptton franyatse et espagnole des prodwts • Vease las pagmas xx y xxxtt para descnpciones de productos en frances y espatlol

11ncludes some JUte yarn • Y compris quelques ftls de JUte • lncluye algunos hilados de yule

1975

124 199

1,816 286

2 1,192 8,016

2,259 568 903 273 174

2,952

49,918

195 752

603 2,357

361 24,191 2,813

126 176

696 1,095

172 3,691

27,208

1976

130 204

1,912 574

43 1,002

10,823

2,266 651 991 281 179

3,186

64,360

237 805

570 1,820

496 25,282 3,144

150 163

617 1,178

162 3,364

27,137

1977

130 190

1,944 558 143 878

11,631

1,846 550

1,062 257 184

3,239

66,927

279 780

502 2,089

468 26,621 3,361

164 161

636 1,159

152 2,591

30,645

1978

157 244

2,005 593 239

1,025 11,438

2,168 493

1,014 240 175

3,276

68,684

275 848

721 2,244

447 25,947 3,161

175 174 703

1,121 156

2,993 33,796

1979

155 332

2,275 638 269

1,238 12,320

1,944 549 934 234 147

3,378

71,339

272 814

699 2,503

705 24,963 3,221

202 176

655 1,011

174 3,697

34,590

1980A

98 330

2,835 890 368

1,244 13,251

2,015 505

1,065 227 166

3,285

65,730

251 850

527 2,756

700 29,094 3,365

212 177

669 973 175

3,115 33,276

1981R

147 340

2,718 1,433

246 1,136

15,144

1,937 553

1,126 191 190

3,111

51,853

224 948

409 2,727

725 28,480 3,320

199 183 678

1,038 175

2,691 30,223

1982R

144 417

3,197 1,153

455 1,637

15.184

1,906 492 945 161 157

3,064

52,980

208 874

432 2,059

849 24,157 3,650

146 154 662

1,055 162

2,528 28,425

Annual{%) Growth Rated

1983 1984c 1971-84

265 229 471 479

3,496 3,485 1,554 1,623

672 633 1,224

17,918 17,461

2,071 547 908 190 164

3,411

54.044

208E 841

438 2,170 1,085

24,892 3,658

183 141 672

1,147 142

2,372 29,778

1,907 416

860 174 161

3,575

52,834

877

434E 2,322

972 25,790 3,465

196 131 631

1,082 173

2.974 31,887

2.2 10.6 10.5 34.9 45.9 0.9 9.4

~2.2

4.3 ~0.8

~8.7

~0.8

1.1

~0.5

- 1.5

1.8

- 2.9

0.4 9.7 1.1 2.7 5.3

~2.0

1.6 -0.5

0.8 ~2.2

1.3

91ncludes cattle hides and calfskms, sheep and lambskrns. goat and ktdskins • Les cut res et peaux de veaux et de bovrns, et les peaux de moutons et de chevres sent incluses • lncluye cueros y pteles de vaca becerro. oveJas y cabras

hoata for bauxite and iron ore are in gross wetght; all other mmeral data are in metal content werght • Dans le cas de Ia bauxtte et du mtnerat de fer, les chiffres mdtques correspondent aux poids bruts; pour taus les autres mmeraux, tis d€lstgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre bauxita y mineral de hterro sedan en pesos brutes, todos los demas datos de minerales son de contentdo metaltco

Sources: FAO, Commodity ReVIew and Outlook; FAO. Trade Yearbook Computer Tapes; FAO Yearbook of Forest Products Computer Tapes FAO. Yearbook of F1shery Statistics, UN, Yearbook of International Trade StatistiCS. UK Overseas Geologtcal Survey. StatJstrcal Summary of the Mmeral Industry, lnternatJonal Tin Councrl. StatJstJcal Yearbook; US Department of lntenor. Bureau of Mines. World Petroleum Statistics and lnrernatJonaf Petroleum Quarterly; GAIT Cotton Texttles Committee, Stat1sf1cs on Productron and ConsumptiOn of Trade m Cotton Texllles. ICAC, Cotton World StatJstJcs; Commonwealth Economtc Comm11tee. lndustnal F1bres; Meta!lgesellschaft. Metal StatiStics, Amer1can Metal Market, Metal StatiStiCS Yearbook, UN. 0-Series Trade Data System.

27

TABLE11 TABLEAU11 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES'" EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)b,c

28

SJTC, Rev. 2 Codes

072.1 071.1 074.1 112.1

FOODS'

Beverages

Cocoa Coffee Tea Wine

Cereals

045.9 Grain Sorghum 044 Maize 042 Rice 041 Wheat and Meslin

061.1 +061.2 Sugar

001.1-001.3 Live Animals (US$/Head)

011.1 011.2 014 036 034+035 037

057.3 057.1 057.96 057.52 054.51 054.2 075.1 054.4

057.71 223.1 222.1 222.5 222.2 424.5 424.3 423.3 423.4 424.1

Meat, Fish, and Fish Products

Bee I Lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Fish Products

Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices

Bananas Oranges, etc. Dates Raisins Onions Pulses Pepper Tomatoes

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Coconuts (dessicated) Copra Groundnuts Sesame Seed Soybeans Castor Oil Coconut Oil Cottonseed Oil Groundnut Oil Linseed Oil

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

454 724

1,111 137

51 51

118 62

116

31

513 462 957

1,063 561 517

79 129 89

272 71

121 724 156

263 158 180 195 122 244 259 277 317 212

617 782 965 138

51 53

145 58

107

37

666 511

1,042 1,439

387 616

85 127

91 311

88 140 692 231

320 175 183 224 115 278 281 293 305 185

1971

625 827 872 171

52 58

111 67

127

45

963 679

1,388 1,611

409 790

81 133 102 267

92 189 924 244

310 166 231 273 119 320 277 399 376 185

1972

568 904 905 199

60 58

120 73

152

51

1,114 901

1,440 1,771

419 883

83 137 132 328

89 177 856 278

254 118 255 292 124 451 191 379 361 173

1973

839 1,134

880 236

82 93

197

99

193

55

1,517 1,172 1,733 2,169

481 1,035

87 157 139 749 153 249

1,136 285

426 211 327 298 258 961 347 388 418 259

1974

1,330 1,249 1,032

312

103 127 375 173

428

67

1,337 1,327 2,232 2,502

568 1,120

90 159 173 856 132 349

1,507 262

912 512 495 504 215 831 906 602 902 794

1975

1,394 1,174 1,203

337

108 130 360 175

572

68

1,226 1,272 1,736 2,768

627 1,293

115 197 200 651 147 337

1,519 310

467 237 495 588 209 563 395 783 751 680

CUADRO 11

1976

1,502 2,280 1,171

331

106 121 263 137

378

80

1,145 1,215 1,789 3,039

712 1,282

122 208 182 639 178 343

1,523 294

468 183 446 556 215 546 349 617 677 486

1977

2,805 4,236 2,159

352

91 105 238

99

294

86

1,262 1,433 1,661 3,100

874 1,432

129 223 258 932 178 386

2,076 391

967 313 574 557 277 872 541 626 794 467

1978

3,118 3,162 1,961

475

88 108 313 119

348

96

1,405 1,610 1,749 3,598

878 1,718

138 252 320

1,017 178 409

1,954 335

942 369 629 638 236 784 614 668 899 321

1979

3,101 3,127 1,861

631

98 116 299 143

362

109

2,039 1,796 2,431 4,160 1,083 1,878

156 298 322

1,554 175

439 1,831

446

1,239 569 677 824 258 784 928 724 922 486

1980R

2,632 3,304 1,895

761

164 162 356 179

558

98

2,223 2,003 2,886 4,767 1,080 2,005

173 316 301

1,642 211 483

1,678 434

1,325 392 703 864 235 952 630 605 718 571

1981R

1,746 2,241 1,818

679

142 151 416 199

502

113

2,147 2,235 2,833 4,635 1,225 1,946

184 313 499

1,365 201 517

1,357 523

1,133 301 973 743 269 843 520 616 928 632

1982R

1,564 2,303 1,657

633

118 126 296 175

392

123

1,911 2,118 2,338 4,405 1,118 1,990

193 295 534

1,051 190 423

1,203

336

733 260 634 736 227 808 446 507 600 496

1983

1,619 2,317 1,912

689

119 129 265 151

414

112

1,742 1,869 2,161 4,428

943 2,108

194 291 634

1,008 150 351

1,264 387

944 354 583 785 223 879 543 490 567 368

Annual(%) Growth Ratee

1984d 1971-84

2,031 2,540 2,624

570

122 139 259 141

406

106

1,811 1,790 2,034

195 268 632 792 186 393

1,882 357

1,374 552 757 752 284

1,087 1,007

770 963 472

9.2 9.5 8.2

11.6

5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5

7.6

7.6

5.3 7.6 3.9 9.6 9.8 8.8

8.2 7.1

15.2 9.2 4.9 6.3 3.2 4.0

11.2 7.3 8.8 8.8 4.3 5.7 7.3 2.9 4.8 5.3

SITC. Rev. 2 Codes

423.5 424.4 424.2 423.2 423.5 081.42 081.3

263.1 264 654.5 265.4

268.1 " 268.2

232

245-248

211 121

333 287.32 6841 287.31 287.1 +682.1 287.2 + 683.1 287.6+687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 287.7 271.3

Olive Oil Palm Kernel Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Fish meal Oilseed Cake and Meal

NON-FOODS1

Fibers

Cotton Jute Jute Fabrics9 Sisal Wool (degreased)

Rubber

Timber (US$im3, r) (revised)

Other

Hides and Skinsh

Tobacco

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS'·'

Petroleum Alumina Aluminum Bauxite1

Copper Nickel (revised) Tln Lead Zinc Iron Ore Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

589 221 205 245 259

99 68

627 210 367 229

1,783

482

23

609 970

14 131 422

10 613

1,423 2,518

190 133

51 11

634 279 181 249 215 121 70

621 216 397 138

1.498

388

24

658 959

14 132 421

10 1,160 2,253 3,208

231 164

7 43 11

1971

701 289 220 322 276 157 73

712 227 510 123

1,254

330

25

751 978

16 137 406

11

995 2,787 3,425

195 186

8 44 10

1972

748 230 183 250 478 150

81

782 219 478 155

1,660

310

27

1,083 1,023

16 136 497

12

937 2,610 3,637

218 228

8 45 11

1973

1,080 338 246 381 368 359 166

944 232 498 318

3,331

569

42

1,769 1,154

23 140 469

12

1,465 3,128 4,465

321 358

8 56 11

*Exportat•ons des pnnc1paux prodUIIS de base des pays en dEweloppement,8 1961-84 j$EU'tonne metnque)tJ,-c • Exportaciones de los pnncipales productos bAsicos par los paises en desarrollo. a 1961-84 (US$1tonelada metnca) b.c

1974

1,667 806 519 693 702 327 133

1.448 224 537 717

3,418

718

51

1,761 1,439

79 173 536

15

1,875 3,093 7,241

498 550

10 73 48

8Excludmg Hong Kong and Smgapore • Hong Kong el Singapour son! exclues des senes stallsllques • Hong Kong y Smgapur estan exclwdos

bunless otherwise noted • Sauf mdicat1on contraire • A menos que se mdique otra cosa

ccomputed from unrounded data • Calculees a part1r de ch1ffres non arrond1s • Calculadas a part1r de datos no redondeados

dprehminary data • Donnees proviso1res • Cifras prov1s1onales

8 Least squares trend • Tendance des mo1ndres carres • Tendencl8 de min1mos cuadrados.

1975

1,626 435 452 577 890 224 123

1,105 224 557 466

2,330

539

44

1.624 1,727

89 233 642

18

1,134 4,119 6,392

372 520

13 86 61

1976

1,188 390 354 403 490 308 141

1,335 253 432 341

2,582

719

53

1.714 1,835

113 244 769

22

1,336 4,491 6,987

407 498

14 98 36

1977

1,145 511 502 566 635 387 179

1,616 271 483 379

3,163

790

55

1,390 1,887

137 292 897 23

1,206 4,115

10,244 566 426

15 108

31

1978

1,218 604 538 586 542 380 161

1,375 335 573 378

3,247

914

58

1,565 2.064

96 336 923 24

1,272 3,705

11,910 677 395

15 91 30

1979

1.468 887 602 632 728 368 176

1,579 361 725 493

3,707

1,181

88

2,140 2,107

138 368 853 27

1,792 4,241

14,010 996 462

16 99 31

1980R

1,737 640 536 572 564 436 185

1,663 370 899 592

4,512

1,310

100

1,853 2,176

231 427

1,623 27

1,866 5,489

15,801 912 535

19 131

46

t981R

1,650 534 506 513 621 441 205

1,728 301 673

553 4,208

1,068

87

1.766 2,417

256 388

1,544 27

1,500 5,259

12,272 731 572

20 136 47

1982R

1,630 441 417 453 517 339 177

1,413 277

599 500

3,933

799

86

1,850 2,723

235 389

1,236 26

1,360 4,665

11,657 543 523

21 119 39

1983

1,473 573 425 448 436 404 181

1.478 240 614 444

3,486

964

86

1,896E

Annual(%) Growth Ratee

1984d 1971-84

1,261 913 644 700 705

172

1,633 304 838 420

3,539

975

82

4.4 6.7 6.9 3.9 2.7 7.2 5.9

5.7 2.7 3.6 7.3 6.6

8.8

10.2

2,492 2,299 5.5 7.8

211 392

1,199 26

1.454 4,283

12,532 434 519 20

103 37

210E 359

1,057 25

1,243 4,244

12,502 444 606

18 94 37

26.3 10.0 10.2 7.4

2.0 4.4

11.5 7.7 6.4 8.5 7.2 9.2

1See pages xx and xxxi1 for French and Spanish commod1ty descnpt1ons • Voir pages xx et xxxu pour Ia descnpiiOn lran<;:a1se et espagnole des prodwts • vease las pclgmas xx y xxxii para descnpe~ones de productos en frances y espaflol

9includes some JUte yarn • Y compns quelques fils de JUte • lncluye algunos h1iados de yute

hlncludes cattle hides and calfskins. sheep and lambskins. goat and kidskms • Les cu1rs et peaux de veaux et de bovms. et les peaux de moutons et de chE!vres son! mcluses • lncluye cueros y p1eles de vaca becerro. oveJaS y cabras

1Data for bauxite and 1ron ore are m gross we1ght; all other mmeral data are 1n metal content we1ght • Dans le cas de Ia baux1te et du minerar de ier, les chiffres 1nd1qu8s correspondent aux po~ds bruts, pour tous \es autres mrneraux. 1\s d9sigent la teneur en metal • Los datos sabre baux1ta y mineral de hierro se dan en pesos brutos: todos los demas datos de minerales son de conten1do metal1co

Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: VOir Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10

TABLE 12 TABLEAU 12 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)"

SIT C. Rev. 2 Codes

071.1 074.1 112.1

045.9 044 042 041

061.1 +061.2

011.1 011.2 014 036 034 + 035 037

057.3 057.1 054.1 054.2

222.2 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 081.42 081.3

263.1 264 268.1 + 268.2

232

Fooos•

Beverages

CoHee Tea Wine

Cereals

Grain Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Meslm

Sugar

Meat, Fish, and Fish Products

Beef lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Fish Products

Fruits and Vegetables

Bananas Oranges, etc. Potatoes Pulses

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean 011 Fish meal Oilseed Cake and Meal

NON-FOODs•

Fibers

Cotton Jute Wool (degreased)

Rubber

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70 1971

233 175 256

490 2,131 5,798

20,955

4,939

117

39 103 32

410 148

372 202 751 548

476 86 74

144 350 140 350

888 233

55

406

248 209 279

251 210 222

1,699 1,404 3,242 4,607 6,047 6,606

26,052 25,287

5,263 5,866

201 76

120 40

475 176

459 293 638 590

868 81 57

207 462 307 519

1,415 247

78

538

231 114 126

56 560 231

494 404 560 549

1,428 131 56

367 857 408 984

1,254 342 107

587

1972

260 223 214

1,634 6,074 6,977

24,865

5,804

248 104 131 63

598 234

526 440 854 690

1,377 125 75

395 758 406 903

1,286 244 115

625

1973

300 218 268

3,103 9,101 7,312

32,573

7,021

260 98

145 74

697 239

545 506 717 638

1,583 151 108 500 711 208 870

1,837 372

90

711

1974

337 251 249

3,481 10,987

6,665 37,910

5,622

294 97

164 80

708 251

653 612 734 593

2,394 119 45

516 914 262

1,302

1,532 366

91

748

1975

317 251 260

2,951 11,087 5,782

36,771

5,886

306 116 140 73

768 280

612 740

633 780

1,638 165 81

481 834 365

1,094

1,558 298 114

723

CUADR012

1976

355 276 217

3,006 10,238

6,722 35,035

6,122

416 111 149 115 790 368

578 831 644 729

2,398 239 148 557

1,017 324

1,647

1,588 323 121

717

1977

275 292 252

3,727 13,130 7,317

35,022

8,323

541 160 159 117 770 326

617 749 738 858

2,801 160 224

1,124 1,426

428 2,298

1,695 268 125

821

1978

273 325 237

3,609 16,810

7,133 40,285

8,876

725 153 180 112 825 397

637 630 740 826

3,712 248 137

1,133 1,664

429 2,517

2,078 242 113

844

1979

348 335 313

4,107 21,020

8,962 42,771

9,767

690 152 171 206 952 369

744 634 921 992

4,530 156

51 1,403 1,783

489 2,505

2,093 300 120

893

1980R

290 308 247

4,241 26,291

9,565 49,823

10,895

609 214 197 143

1,470 417

691 611

1,067 1,549

4,623 148 57

2,116 2,417

509 3,085

2,586 336 146

902

1981R

341 332 279

5,700 23,915

9,731 52,687

11,472

654 265 205 139

1,520 467

657 650 919

1,728

6,094 228 53

1,983 2,401

579 3,452

2,261 290 195

824

1982R

321 319 243

5,570 21,040

7,653 54,887

11,839

819 287 227 154

1,447 370

520 601

1,028 1,455

6,091 180 55

2,049 2,560

635 3,860

2,120 324 185

794

1983

414 357 229

5,597 29,020

8,891 55,185

12,140

914 242 250 166

1,253 282

373 600

1,031 1,347

5,587 171 108

2,260 2,753

608 4,166

1,926 314 215

887

Annual(%) Growth Ratec

1984b 1971--84

402 405 224

5,443 24,793

8,322 58,009

11,049

953 269 246

448 578 991

1,479

6,255 160 67

2,521 3,171

4,600

1,965 284 195

990

2.4 4.7 0.3

9.8 13.8 2.7 6.6

6.9

12.6 9.5 5.3 9.9 8.6 4.2

0.9 1.9 4.0 9.2

14.3 2.4

-0.8 18.3 13.4 6.6

15.0

4.0 0.5 6.3

3.2

Annual(%) SITC, Average Average Growth Ratec Rev. 2 Codes 1961·65 1966-70 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980R 1981A 1982R 1983 1984b 1971-84

245-248 Timber (1 ,000 m3• r) (revised) 12,277 17,466 22,032 23,978 26,259 27,968 27,718 30,093 36,944 39,453 39,112 37,386 36,031 39,079 40,808 39,601 4.7

121 Tobacco 128 170 150 180 185 232 207 211 223 236 246 273 304 291 268 256 4.4

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS0·•

333 Petroleum (million mt) 119 176 222 235 289 290 261 304 300 325 338 340 330 322 316 308E 2.9 287.32 Alumina 68 189 286 420 387 573 533 613 598 809 858 1,995 1,197 1,108 1,139 1,166 11.1 287.1 + 682.1 Copper 195 213 342 410 480 574 427 472 538 562 744 845 786 836 1,102 953 8.3 287.6, 687.1 Tin 32 23 29 32 33 35 35 26 28 32 39 27 25 27 31 26 - 1.3 271.3 Phosphate Rock 3,198 5,367 7,234 7,945 9,172 10,675 8,737 9,113 11,236 10,965 10,895 11,376 9,618 9,240 9,716 10,833 1.9

·Importations des pnncipaux prodwts de base des pays en d€lveloppement, 1961-84 (milhers de tonnes metriques)3 • lmportac•ones de los

principales productos basicos por los pafses en desarrollo, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas) a

3 Unless otherwise noted • Sauf indication contraire • A menos que se indique otra cosa.

bPrehm1nary data • Donnees provisoires • Cifras prov1sionales

cleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carrEls • Tendenc1a de min1mos cuadrados

dsee pages xx and xxxii for French and Span1sh commodity descnpt1ons • Vo1r pages xx et xxxn pour Ia deswpt!On fran~;aise et espagnole des produits e VE!ase laS p8ginas XX y XXXII para deSCflpCIOnes de produCtOS en frances y espaflol.

8 AII m1nerals data are 1n metal content we1ght • Pour tousles minf.lraux, 11s d8s1gnent Ia teneur en metal • Todos los datos de mmerales son de contenido metalico.

Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: V01r Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10

TABLE13 TABLEAU13 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)•·b

32

SIT C. Rev. 2 Codes

071.1 074.1 112.1

045.9 044 042 041

061.1 + 061.2

011.1 011.2 014 036 034+035 037

057.3 057.1 054.1 054.2

222.2 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 081.42 081.3

FOODS"

Beverages

Coffee Tea Wine

Cereals

Gram Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin

Sugar

Meat, Fish, and Fish Products

Beef Lamb Canned Meat Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh. etc Fish Products

Fruits and Vegetables

Bananas Oranges, etc. Potatoes

Pulses

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm 011 Soybean Oil Fish meal Oilseed Cake and Meal

NON-FOODS"

Fibers

263.1 Cotton 264 Jute 268.1 + 268.2 Wool (degreased)

232 Rubber

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

566 1,113

213

71 65

126 76

110

647 484 838 574 350 436

60 153 70

153

112 285 366 227 288 134 89

643 223

2,458

524

660 1,103

262

69 66

159 73

83

712 550 849 674 393 455

87 162 88

171

116 326 385 195 281 157 100

469 241

2,040

431

1971

719 1,106

349

74 74

139 74

118

879 596 899 789 461 526

100 169 94

201

126 341 432 238 332 197 109

704 241

1,625

387

1972

737 1,037

407

66 66

138 75

163

969 681 998 900 492 554

125 181 111 210

134 289 455 202 335 182 117

793 299

1,864

378

1973

994 1,059

448

102 102 222 118

218

1,350 1,025 1,088 1,164

558 649

141 199 147 291

242 381 522 271 378 372 238

847 277

3,892

622

1974

1,227 1,173

535

150 150 420 198

421

1,418 1,275 1,301 1,254

653 860

172 248 170 477

266 757 846 470 684 447 236

1,299 303

4,702

812

1975

1,264 1,441

562

157 157 391 192

656

1,226 1,197 1,477 1,316

675 886

216 247 217 433

274 556 956 585 801 284 186

1,140

336 3,108

632

CUADR013

1976

1,875 1,374

620

139 139 308 173

415

1,220 1,128 1,557 1,209 706 815

228 262 282 393

245 445 886 417 526 318 199

1,327 284

3,386

788

1977

3,897 1,956

619

128 127 325 147

276

1,304 1,373 1,731 1,295 704

1,103

217 300 281 426

300 613 793 531 607 349 239

1,601 334

4,264

857

1978

3,289 2,268

815

122 128 358 151

260

1,403 1,359 1,868 1,642 910

1,229

221 355 250 452

264 653

1,020 588 660 404 219

1,399 401

4,504

959

1979

3,323 2,034

795

140 142 352 179

267

1,850 1,526 2,061 1,292 932

1,228

263 367 261 498

294 928

1,039 660 739 378 247

1,510 395

4,855

1,233

1980R

3,607 2,132 1,012

160 168 388 209

532

2,068 1,733 2,183 1,965 847

1,328

287 404 279 542

293 854

1,079 565 672 482 263

1,660 380

5,356

1,357

1981R

2,442 2,143 1,005

175 178 448 211

551

2,140 2,201 2,149 1,971

954 1,393

307 448 288 612

325 655

1,130 523 658 535 286

1,769 369

5,030

1,208

1982R

2,105 2,025

901

144 156 372 197

369

2,137 2,112 2,068 2,458

881 1,405

276 480 253 523

277 578 970 509 551 452 251

1,522 336

4,762

957

1983

1,909 2,038

852

143 148 334 187

284

1,985 1,871 1,997 2,357

891 1,423

242 481 236 450

266 661 784 492 546 432 246

1,522 325

4,225

1,087

Annual{%) Growth Rated

1984c 1971-84

1,861 2,472

844

144 162 329 177

260

1,814 1,772 1,996

280 493 267 460

322 1,063 1,101

701 736

253

1,677 377

4,617

1,083

9.5 7.1 7.8

4.8 5.5 6.0 6.1

4.6

6.4 8.8 6.8 8.8 6.1 9.3

7.4 9.3 7.1 6.3

5.2 7.1 6.1 7.2 4.3 6.8 5.2

6.4 2.6 6.5

8.4

SITC, Average Average Rev. 2 Codes 1961-65 1966-70 1971 1972 1973 1974

245-248 Timber (US$/m3, r) (revised) 27 30 34 32 47 60

121 Tobacco 1,139 1,090 1,314 1,359 1,440 1,669

FUELS, METALS and MINERALS"''

333 Petroleum 15 14 18 19 25 77 287.32 Alumina 158 151 155 146 172 196 287.1 +682.1 Copper 670 1,254 1,241 1,223 1,667 2,078 287.6+687.1 Tin 2,710 3,441 3,122 3,292 3,677 7,273 271.3 Phosphate Rock 12 12 12 13 17 51

·Importations des principaux produits de base des pays en developpement, 1961-84 ($EU1tonne metrique)a,b • lmportac1ones de los princtpales productos b8sicos por los pafses en desarrollo, 1961-84 (US$ttonelada metrica).a,b

Bcomputed 1rom unrounded data • Calculees a p8.rttr de chttfres non arrondis • Calculadas a part1r de datos no redondeados

bunless otherwise noted • Sauf indication contraire • A menos que se 1ndique otra cosa

cPreliminary data • Donnees provtso1res • Cifras provisionales

dleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carres • Tendencia de mfnimos cuadrados

eSee pages xx and xxxi1 for French and Span1sh commodity descriptions • Votr pages xx et xxxh pour Ia descnption 1ran~aise et espagnole des produits e Vease las p8gmas XX y XXXIi para descnpciones de productos en frances y espaflol

1AII minerals data are in metal content weight • Pour taus les mineraux. ils designent las teneur en metal • Todos los datos de miner ales son de contenido met81ico.

Sources. See Table 10 • Sources· VOlT Tableau 10 • Fuentes: vease el Cuadra 10

1975 1976

55 59

1,999 2,250

84 89 255 279

1,373 1,401 6,545 6,385

61 37

Annual(%) Growth Rated

1977 1978 1979 1980R 1981A 1982R 1983 1984c 1971-84

69 74 93 107 106 98 92 94 9.3

2,510 2,872 2,915 3,015 3,048 3,400 3,118 3,195 8.1

99 98 135 228 259 249 221 218E 25.7 312 314 340 404 360 406 406 407 9.0

1,384 1,336 1,928 2,381 1,910 1,614 1,634 1,467 1.8 8,312 10,714 10,489 15,816 16,075 14,642 14,805 14,889 14.4

31 38 43 61 64 61 51 45 10.5

TABLE14 TABLEAU14 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)•

SITC, Rev 2 Codes

112.3 112.1 072.32

043 045.9 044 042 041

061.1 +061.2

025.1 022.42;43

023 024

036 034 +035 011.1 011.2 011.3 014

057.4 057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1 054.2 054.4

222.1 222.6 222.2 222.4 473.3

FOOos•

Beverages and Products

Beer Wine Cocoa Butler

Cereals

Barley Grain Sorghum

Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin

Sugar

Eggs and Dairy Products

Eggs in Shell Milk and Cream, Dry Butter Cheese and Curd

Fish and Meat

Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Beef Lamb Pig Meat Canned Meat

Fruits and Vegetables

Apples Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes Potatoes Pulses Tomatoes

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Cottonseed Oil

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

650 827

52

793 1,060

63

5,183 6,388 2,975 4,898

12,362 16,851 1,515 2,388

36,782 39,196

2,972 3,516

247 850 567 513

136 1,736

704 468 226 294

1,076 416

1,490 413

2,105 457 520

46 368

5,000 11

208

184 1,130

644 654

181 2,059

937 571 358 406

1,186 521

1,727 511

2,336 589 590

70 728

8,492 19 85

1971

977 1,898

71

10,044 3,585

18,178 3,032

42,634

3,951

237 1,366

773 760

262 1,808 1,179

650 675 511

1,358 548

1,733 582

2,344 621 595

125 1,695

11,572 47

186

1972

1,016 2,519

71

12,887 5,146

27,021 2,911

51,421

5,119

252 1,275

625 797

330 1,914 1,225

739 687 507

1,563 530

2,070 484

3,022 676 638

210 1,680

12,303 272 214

1973

1,134 2,315

81

11,494 6,699

38,571 2,711

64,799

5,426

283 1,593 1,028

873

302 2,058 1,515

690 741 553

1,485 535

2,194 524

2,786 742 596

213 1,703

13,364 303 246

1974

1,172 2,335

78

10,288 7,237

35,599 2,767

49,954

4,800

331 1,532

907 934

309 1,864 1,702

499 738 545

1,611 572

2,183 510

2,687 619 632

279 1,314

13,971 255 277

1975

1,369 2,705

84

11,476 7,500

39,135 2,928

60,973

4,797

348 1,268

842 923

339 1,791 1,765

560 751 469

1,585 552

2,324

600 2,912

730 679

256 998

12,621 245 298

CUADR014

1976

1,523 2,908

85

12,508 7,446

50,198 2,974

55,986

5,449

356 1,635

919 1,036

374 1,917 1,839

629 854 499

1,702 672

2,364 504

3,102 652 715

155 1,270

15,582 495 236

1977

1,538 2,778

85

10,895 7,432

44,785 3,269

55,600

6,930

386 2,095

959 1,110

335 2,020 2,068

712 899 534

1,643 625

2,314 563

3,092 710 688

327 1,345

16,355 662 332

1978

1,546 2,737

84

14,253 5,946

55,276 3,466

68,489

7,328

422 2,304

948 1,130

416 2,345 2,210

655 974 505

1,584 658

2,110 578

2,980 776 775

411 1,534

21,032 1,422

329

1979

1,669 3,785

94

13,608 6,911

64,521 4,008

62,273

6.811

475 2,401 1,202 1,270

474 2,686 2,460

699 1,141

572

1,775 632

2,159 719

3,235 957 853

373 2,380

21,305 1,535

287

1980

1,769 3,439

92

15,273 9,005

69,163 5,111

81,408

8,419

567 2,459 1,321 1,328

491 2,714 2,530

679 1,236

552

1,785 599

2,161 622

3,730 1,437

829

315 2,007

22,209 1,833

348

1981R

1,839 3,928

92

19,263 8,863

60,684 5,252

87,227

10,165

621 2,220 1,331 1,462

509 2,964 2,470

814 1,397

578

1,955 564

2,102 652

3,902 1,646

896

174 2,424

22,140 1,979

316

1982R

1,959 3,869

102

16,215 7,730

55,209 4,383

86,624

9,418

663 2,297 1,218 1,512

491 3,036 2,379

675 1,382

593

1,771 634

2,103 592

4,102 1,340

947

230 2,256

25,859 1,837

395

1983

2,030 3,549

109

16,496 6,073

54,539 4,055

87,146

9,192

626 2,480 1,151 1,535

519 3,082 2,610

756 1,512

598

1,822 570

2,074 722

3,775 1,383

931

249 2,655

22,917 1,613

193

Annual(%) Growth Ratec

1984b 1971-84

2,137 3,946

118

20,108 7,931

56,806 3,451

94,392

8,545

606 2,794 1,164 1,692

2,593 701

1,563 687

1,787 628

2,739 629

3,678 1,496 1,006

290 2,659

19,728 1,886

184

6.2 5.3 3.4

4.8 3.4 7.6 4.0 5.6

6.9

8.6 6.1 4.3 6.4

5.8 5.1 6.3 1.2 7.6 1.7

2.0 0.9 1.0 2.1 3.5 8.3 4.3

3.1 5.2 6.1

28.0 1.2

SITC, Rev. 2 Codes

423.91 423.2 423.6 411.3 081.42 081.3

263.1 268.1 + 268.2

247.1 248.2

211 121

333 287.32 684.1 287.1 + 682.1 287.2 + 683.1 287.6 + 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 271.3

Rapeseed Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Ammal Oil, etc. Fishmeal Soybean Cake and Meal

NON-FOODS"

Fibers

Cotton Wool (degreased)

Timber (1 ,000 m3)

Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)

Other

Hides and Skins Tobacco

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS"·•

Petroleum (million mt) Alumina Aluminum Copper Nickel (revised) Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore (million mt) Phosphate Rock

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

42 599

1,286 424

1,941

1,107 649

5,230 29,372

674 275

14 325

1,555 1,107

335 26

606 1,275

80 5,137

109 689

61 1,482

761 3,668

810 684

13,018 32,494

906 316

28 1,119 1,885 1,273

434 33

983 2,009

108 9,852

1971

192 1,279

70 1,807

857 5,248

966 695

14,016 38,371

1,036 298

53 2,090 1,876 1,373

530 32

1,151 2,111

141 11,783

1972

250 1,016

97 1,742

940 5,094

729 763

17,332 43,264

1,124 375

71 2,327 2,143 1,434

511 33

1,098 2,369

137 12,464

1973

347 918 132

1,706

906 6,456

1,299 716

1974

314 1,487

93 1,906

950 7,160

1,223 533

18,429 16,208 46,844 39,529

1,109 393

84 2,737 2,390 1,662

550 38

1,234 2,733

174 12,358

1,236 446

50 3,344 2,501 1,837

572 39

1,236 2,737

185 12,407

"Exportations des principaux produits de base des pays industnels a 6conom1e de marcM. 1961-84 {milliers de !annes metriques)a • Exportac1ones de los prindpales productos b8s1cos por los pa1ses industnales con economia de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas). 8

8Unless otherwise noted • Saut 1ndicat1on contraire • A menos que se mdique otra cosa.

bPreliminary data • Donnees prov1501res • Clfras provisionales

cleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carres • Tendenc•a de mimmos cuadrados

dsee pages xxvii and xxx for French and Spanish commodity descnptions • Vw pages xxvii et xxx pour Ia descnpt1on fran<;:a1se et espagnole des prOdUI!S • Vease Jas p.3.gmas XXVil y XXX para deSCripciOneS de prOdUC!OS en frances y espafiO)

8 Data for iron ore are in gross wetght; aJJ other mineral data are in metal content wetght • Dans le cas du mmerai de fer, las chiffres mdtques correspondent aux poids bruts; pour tous les autres mineraux, ils destgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre mineral de hierro se dan en pesos brutos; todos los demas datos de mmerales son de contentdo met.3.1ico

Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: Votr Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10.

1975

278 1,074

77 1,720

945 5,547

915 557

14,434 30,807

1,411

396

47 3,326 2,191 1,526

490 35

1,226 2,305

164 10,757

1976

320 1,250

130 1,944 1,082 6,695

852 685

18,229 42,595

1,556 392

43 4,153 2,507 1,525

511 24

1,200 2,618

174 9,312

1977

547 1,531

105 2,179 1,155 5,942

1,073 722

17,989 48,094

1,510 396

48 4,166 2,653 1,533

469 30

1,265 2,462

164 13,531

1978

434 2,004

236 2,159 1,047 8,602

1,401 607

18,407 51,981

1,579 490

62 4,315 3,038 1,503

423 32

1,361 2,920

153 13,741

1979 1980A

553 619 2,299 2,271

231 442 2,275 2,440 1,064 1,088 9,093 10,459

1,587 689

21,501 55,150

1,515 452

86 4,464R 2,718 1,436

445 35R

1,344 2,839R

178 14,729

1,907 676

19,042 52,913

1,407 397

87 4,809 3,384 1,724

428

35

1,379 2,841

163 14,443

1981R

796 2,032

527 2,452

997 10,281

1,373 704

14,952 48,538

1,542 430

92 4,381 3,168 1,556

416 38

1,167 2,718

150 10,594

1982R

745 2,208

379 2,392 1,005

10,660

1,527 661

18,181 49,221

1,552 447

104 3,954 3,436 1,533

356 34

1,248 2,820

128 10,099

1983

761 2,044

587 2,453 1,112

11,678

1,380 687

20.409 58,180

1,544E 410

117 4,328 3,858 1,717

357 18

1,208 3,326

129 11,749

Annual(%) Growth Ratec

1984b 1971-84

961 2,327

560 2,461

9,071

1,612 696

21,748 60,211

437

137E 5,062 3,585 1,600

416 29

1,210 3,263

151 11,835

12.1 7.1

19.1 3.3 1.6

6.3

4.9 0.2

1.9 33

1.6 1.7

5~

~8

~0

~6

3.1 -1.7 ~5

~5

~9

-~1

TABLE15 TABLEAU15 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)"·b

36

SITC. Rev. 2 Codes

112.3 112.1 072.32

043 045.9 044 042 041

061.1 +061.2

025.1 022.42/43 023 024

036 034+035 011.1 011.2 011.3 014

057.4 057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1 054.2 054.4

222.1 222.6 222.2 224.4 423.3

FOODS"

Beverages and Products

Beer Wine Cocoa Butter

Cereals

Barley Grain Sorghum Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin

Sugar

Eggs and Dairy Products

Eggs 1n Shell Milk and Cream, Dry Butter Cheese and Curd

Fish and Meat

Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Beef Lamb Pig Meat Canned Meat

Fruits and Vegetables

Apples Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes Potatoes Pulses Tomatoes

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Cottonseed Oil

Average Average 1961·65 1966-70

173 329

1,139

57 48 54

148 65

125

590 308 830 741

643 429 733 433 718

1,005

140 144 123 170

61 168 207

256 123 99

154 283

187 401

1,474

62 51 58

185 64

96

616 370 774 893

914 361 945 490 906

1,090

153 170 132 198

68 171 230

280 119 104 166 290

1971

208 377

1,339

60 60 67

153 67

140

644 496 981

1,099

1,102 598

1,132 539 867

1,176

173 205 149 219 60

190 306

298 134 115 186 352

1972

229 427

1,331

58 60 64

183 68

168

678 632

1,247 1,279

1,139 696

1,366 561

1,062 1,276

195 250 158 267

76 213 332

268 140 126 149 299

1973

255 658

1,981

94 84 91

294 105

219

963 701 996

1,495

1,530 896

1,710 837

1,561 1,715

271 246 172 318 121

303 406

442 203 209 232 348

1974

283 609

3,148

138 122 129 437 176

297

921 891

1,350 1,754

1,524 1,005 1,732 1,203 1,449 1,821

251 256 199 366 113 482 439

606 331 254 378 628

1975

334 578

3,307

141 123 137 401 169

487

904 1,078 1,772 2,071

1,623 1,070 1,694 1,026 1,817 2,124

332 341 248 422 154 403 526

630 339 229 319 663

CUADR015

1976

346 599

3,165

138 117 122 313 153

365

1,028 901

1,714 2,026

1,839 1,204 1,647

964 1,900 2,142

268 294 233 432 260 394 493

683 261 216 292 542

1977

391 734

4,773

132 107 110 340 126

308

1,127 775

1,769 2,193

2,361 1,381 1,778 1,089 1,891 2,167

405 316 255 530 199 417 538

704 302 271 250 595

1978

427 981

4,866

136 111 116 421 130

282

1,125 886

2,301 2,572

2,715 1,519 2,073 1,330 2,113 2,486

454 392 330 549 153 423 620

746 297 252 266 596

1979

481 952

5,446

143 123 129 381 163

310

1,156 997

2,299 2,809

3,050 1,597 2,478 1,538 2,290 2,639

414 550 471 598 188 451 715

751 290 273 295 671

1980

528 1,061 6,563

173 139 146 426 186

477

1,345 1,245 2,500 2,946

3,096 1,705 2,722 1,707 2,325 2,924

488

538 479 661 179 549 849

750 315 270 285 634

1981R

478 877

4,959

173 151 153 488 186

510

1,259 1,376 2,690 2,675

2,949 1,645 2,637 1,795 2,216 2,628

460 483 438 622 171 594 742

1,019 331 284 316 626

1982A

486 871

4,652

157 128 127 419 171

324

1,007 1,312 2,757 2,586

3,031 1,548 2,573 1,724 2,168 2,627

511 405 430 611 180 487 704

863 329 245 313 533

1983

484 885

4,156

142 141 145 395 163

266

939 1,089 2,453 2,441

3,183 1,455 2,347 1,521 1,917 2,452

413 425 396 563 163 387 666

784 339 261 382 555

Annual(%) Growth Rated

1984c 1971·84

457 830

4,508

145 133 150 415 158

253

946 989

2,061 2,212

2,164 1,440 1,768 2,062

403 365 356 548 208 379 608

777

349 279 369 724

7.1 6.3

10.2

6.5 5.8 5.5 6.0 5.9

4.3

3.0 5.3 7.7 6.1

10.2 8.2 5.6 8.5 5.3 5.2

7.4 6.0 9.4 7.5 6.9 5.2 6.5

8.0 6.0 5.2 4.5 4.6

SIT C. Rev 2 Codes

423.91 423.2 423.6 411.3 081.42 081.3

263.1

268.1 " 268.2

247.1 248.2

211 121

333 287.32 684.1 287.1 +682.1 287.2 + 683.1

287.6" 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5" 686.1 281 271.3

Rapeseed Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Seed Oil Anrmal Oil, etc. Fish meal Soybean Cake and Meal

NON-FOOos•

Fibers

Cotton Wool (degreased)

Timber (US$/m3)

Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)

Other

Hides and Skins' Tobacco

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALSe,g

Petroleum Alumina Aluminum Copper Nickel (revised) Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore Phosphate Rock

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

250 259 333 165 147 86

590 2,083

17

36

543 1,693

17 165 454 669

1,500 3,695

255 169

8 9

235 262 270 165 163 95

531 1,783

21 40

540 1,907

18 146 483

1,194 1,882 3,561

276 189

9 9

1971

311 314 415 199 t93 100

624 1,302

24 47

490 1,957

21 145 499

1,022 2,433 3,296

265 223

9 8

1972

267 291 388 181 203 116

719 1,439

27 54

786 2,091

21 143 481

1,035 2,533 3,546

294 282

9 9

1973

362 355 462 283 447 219

750 3,186

48 75

1,132 2,205

25 167 505

1,509 2,678 4,217

394 370

10 9

1974

695 701 945 439 433 202

1,153 4,505

53 94

856 2,414

77

189 699

1,907 2,971 6,629

568 591

11 20

•Ex(X)rtations des principaux produits de base des pays mdustriels a economie demarche, 1961-84 ($EUitonne metrique)3 ·b • Exportaciones de los principales productos basicos por los paises industriales con econom•a de mercado, 1961-84 (US$/tonelada metrica). 3 ·b

ilComputed from unrounded data • Calcuh3es a partir de cMfres non arrondis • Calculadas a partir de datos no redondeados

bUn\ess othern1se noted • Sauf Indication contraire • A menos que se md1que otra cosa.

cPre\iminary data • Donnees provisoires • C1fras prov1sionales

dleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres carres • Tendenc1a de min1mos cuadrados

9See pages xx and xxxu for French and Spanish commod1ty descriptions • Voir pages xx et xxxu pour \a descnpt1on franya1se et espagnole des produits • V8ase las p8ginas xx y xxxii para descripciones de productos en frances y espafiol 11ncludes canle hides and calfskins, sheep and lambskins. goat and kidskins • Les cuars et peaux de veaux et de t>ovins, et les peaux de moutons et de chEtvres sent tncluses • lncluye cueros y pieles de vaca, becerro. ove1as y cabras

90ata tor iron ore are m gross weight; all other mineral data are m metal content weight • Dans le cas du m1nera1 de fer, les chitfres 1ndiques correspondent aux poids bruts; pour taus les autres m1n8raux. ils d9sigent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sobre mmeral de hterro se dan en pesos brutos; todos los demas datos de mmerales son de contemdo metahco

Sources: See Table 10 • Sources: Vo1r Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadm 10

1975

680 725

905 370 275 173

1,137 2,831

56 85

692 2,821

83 238 789

1,217 3,596 5,129

438 575

15 42

1976

462 478 634 374 340 185

1,333 2,852

57 92

910 2,971

91 254 861

1,358 3,934 8,148

451 568

15 33

1977

601 592 689 414 460 237

1,517 3,553

63 98

1,096 3,344

102 267

1,030

1,287 3,905

11,102 621 526

16 26

1978

614 626 705 453 472 216

1,297 3,618

70 107

1,266 3,676

104 289

1,108

1,310 3,645

13,036 613 426

16 30

1979

650 687 839 551 444 241

1,443 4,004

88 131

1,887 3,894

146 299R

1,383

1,789R 4,495

13,250R 1,146

549 17 30

1980A

636 644 694 504 514 247

1,575 4,467

95 137

1,515 4,187

248 333

1,652

2,196 5,876

15,590 846 565 20 43

1981R

535 561 680 480 510 262

1,782 4,631

86 123

1,236 4,213

271 373

1,476

1,773 5,863

12,648 764 673

22 40

1982R

480 497 632 443 417 234

1,419 4,511

79 110

1,291 4,337

243 358

1,197

1,415 5,199

12,051 600 617

22 34

1983

501 533 574 408 449 238

1,507 3,819

66 111

1,342E

Annual{%) Growth Rated

1984c 1971-84

697 727 785 487

1,636 3,969

66 107

4.2 4.4 2.8 6.4 6.2 5.3

7.1 7.3

7.9 6.3

4,486 4,349 8.4 7.2

219 380

1,310

1,541 4,338

13,404 581 573

22 35

215E 403

1,303

1,392 4,459

12,550 593 671 20 35

24.9 8.7 9.6 2.5 6.2

12.4 6.8 6.2 7.8

12.0

37

TABLE16 TABLEAU16 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (1 ,000 metric tons)a

38

SITC, Rev. 2 Codes

072.1 071.1 074.1 112.3 112.1 072.32

043 045.9 044 042 041

061.1 +061.2

025.1 022.42/43 023 024

036 034+035 011.1 011.2 011.3 014

057.4 057.3 057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1 054.2 054.4

FOODS0

Beverages and Products

Cocoa Coffee

Tea Beer Wine Cocoa Butter

Cereals

Barley Grain Sorghum

Maize Rice Wheat and Meslin

Sugar

Eggs and Dairy Products

Eggs in Shell Milk and Cream, Dry

Butter Cheese and Curd

Fish and Meat

Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc. Beef Lamb

Pig Meat Canned Meat

Fruits and Vegetables

Apples Bananas Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes

Potatoes Pulses

Tomatoes

Average Average 1961·65 1966-70

910 2,560

408 520

2,261 81

4,775 3,102

16,625 1,055

14,102

10,300

309 331 511 461

261 1,270 1,142

459 218 401

1,195 3,647

347 2,826

527 1,914

835 813

876 2,786

436 718

2,131 114

5,749 4,668

23,152 1,109

15,412

11,559

209 557 558 606

375 1,587 1,490

557 384 552

1,347 4,677

410 3,144

625 2,256 1,199 1,014

1971

928 2,936

456

883 2,261

126

7,514 5,823

23,596 973

17,201

12,433

254 539 553 703

506 1,721 1,646

597 579 611

1,479 5,331

444 3,222

677 2,206 1,140 1,106

1972

941 3,008

435 924

2,894 141

6,850 4,488

25,367 929

17,700

12,836

254 637 520 736

598 1,951 2,017

632 792 651

1,727 5,653

435 3,515

571 2,620 1,311 1,152

1973

893 3,165

454 1,067 3,266

142

6,796 5,168

30,006 991

18,291

12,407

281 850 650 798

611 2,177 2,196

534 838 669

1,541 5,562

456 3,680

631 2,491 1,310 1,234

1974

836 2,924

465 1,092 2,719

137

7,908 7,465

31,543 934

16,349

13,865

333 676 746 853

648 2,235 1,566

412 805 640

1,692 5,424

462 3,411

642 2,397 1,007 1,172

1975

841 3,139

435 1,173 3,107

139

7,270 6,858

31,409 919

17,695

11,937

324 571 747 843

711 2,070 1,693

512 949 613

1,700 5,318

449 3,427

708 2,554

995 1,168

CUADR016

1976

848 3,209

450 1,293 2,964

145

8,240 7,275

33,817 1,312

17,772

11,691

323 874 674 929

801 2,257 1,884

506 1,043

734

1,869 5,406

508 3,472

633 3,243 1,072 1,214

1977

776 2,626

497 1,224 3,081

141

7,964 7,351

34,182 1,407

17,094

13,164

347 888 578 950

753 2,466 1,918

509 964 720

1,911 5,551

504 3,644

713 3,229 1,121 1,291

1978

836 2,959

381 1,372 3,283

150

7,957 6,736

32,889 1,660

17,954

10,519

386 1,128

654 998

906 2,648 2,166

525 1,065

737

1,871 5,760

542 3,432

771 2,761 1,128 1,335

1979

766 3,353

421 1,589 3,637

174

6,566 6,883

32,943 1,410

17,406

11,360

422 1,092

622 1,084

991 2,845 2,228

493 1,133

756

1,909 5,788

524 3,500

851 3,010 1,259 1,350

1980R

794 3,256

451 1,597 3,493

173

6,735 5,818

33,715 1,430

17,629

9,874

444 857 644

1,055

949 2,822 2,074

414 1,241

697

1,897 5,570

529 3,563

822 3,176 1,253 1,342

1981R

955 3,242

389 1,676 3,853

175

7,581 4,628

33,368 1,636

17,368

9.707

445 700 711

1,125

984 2,976 1,873

382 1,303

705

2,158 5,645

537 3,349

886 3,303 1,215 1,322

1982R

967 3,315

429 1,785 3,857

185

7,535 5,781

32,150 1,825

17,858

8,704

459 908 719

1,165

1,065 3,099 1,998

438 1,363

685

1,928 5,894

561 3,554

857 3,444 1,300 1,378

1983

918 3,324

401 1,927 3,678

210

8,195 3,851

31 ,465 1,762

15,154

8,347

467 1,230

626 1,192

1,167 3,055 1,976

385 1,446

733

2,222 5,338

578 3,507 1,037 3,371 1,563 1,492

Annual(%) Growth Ratec

1984b 1971-84

985 3,377

457 2,047 3,833

222

6,593 5,873

28,585 2,013

17,625

9,375

501 1,288

552 1,267

1,922 383

1,546 757

2,271 5,805

582 3,676

940 3,417 1,663 1,586

0.4 1.0

- 0.6

6.6 3.3 3.9

0.0 -1.1

1.4 6.5

-0.3

-3.3

5.5 5.0 0.4 4.5

6.7 4.8 0.8

-3.2 6.6 1.3

2.8 0.4 2.3 0.3 3.9 3.2 2.2 2.3

SITC, Rev. 2 Codes

222.1 222.6 222.2 222.4 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 411.3 081.42 081.3

263.1 268.1 + 268.2

247.1 248.2

232 121

333 287.32 684.1 287.31 287.1 + 682.1 287.6 + 687.1 287.4 + 685.1 287.5 + 686.1 281 287.7 271.3

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Animal Oil, etc. Fishmeal Soybean Cake and Meal

NON-FOODS0

Fibers

Cotton Wool (degreased)

Timber (1,000 m3)

Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)

Other

Rubber Tobacco

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS0·•

Petroleum (million mt) Alumina Aluminum Baux1te9

Copper Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore (million mt)• Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

1,103 292

4,832 125 308 304 444 227 678

1,610 1,704

2,173 770

7,768 34,324

1,449 627

391 1,031 1,055

15,937 2,658

151 1,246 1,768

152 2,546

18,160

1,095 739

8,178 331 412 389 540 179 892

2,343 3,360

2,112 758

17,657 38,326

1,653 704

723 2,145 1,852

21,353 3,168

173 1,419 2,487

224 3,432

25,113

1971

697 1,442

11,065 213 507 331 831 380 947

1,958 4,802

1,932

696

1972

638 1,523

11,991 290 678 442 964 270

1,014 2,274 5,190

1,971 757

19,985 24,909 42,826 49,075

1,924 764

977 3,385 2,030

25,695 3,316

164 1,433 2,567

276 4,266

26,786

1,909

860

1,093 3,591 2,381

25,219 3,711

176 1,464 2,804

273 3,897

27,958

1973

775 1,529

12.175 286 588 427

1,039

303 1,045 1,211 5,632

2,228 585

27,082 53,467

2,057 900

1,246 4,302 2,589

27,265 4,169

170 1,478 3,086

327 4,339

32,121

1974

682 1,225

14,843 229 477 337

1,022 556 930

1,164 5,953

1,809 431

23,996 43,701

2,053 908

1,165 4,676 2,758

31,726 4,344

161 1,494 3,555

354 4,422

35,305

*Importations des pnnc1paux produits de base des pays mdustnels a economie demarche, 1961-84 (milhers de tonnes metr1ques)a • lmportaciones de los pnncipales productos bi:ls1cos par los pafses mdustnales con economfa de mercado, 1961-84 (miles de toneladas metricas). 8

8Unless otherwrse noted • Sauf mdicatfon contra1re • A menos que se md1que otra cosa

bPrelim1nary data • Donnees provrsorres • Cifras provrsronales

cleast squares trend • Tendance des morndres carres • Tendencra de mmrmos cuadrados

1975

651 1,039

14,154 176 745 343

1,386 507 927

1,350 5,783

1,753 516

22,133 34,075

1,934 948

1,077 4,500 2,051

27,496 3,775

146 1,291 3,408

318 4,321

26,064

1976

783 1,266

15.486 332

1,076 362

1,423 525

1,033 1,323 7,263

1,836 653

1977

594 1,437

15.277 468 871 369

1,261 549

1,123 1,280 7,256

1,602 528

25,166 26,401 45,949 50,612

2,072 960

1,183 4,704 2,641

27,575 4,082

158 1,357 3,143

323 4,056

22,960

2,158 901

1,223 5,180 2,855

31,148 4,221

159 1,421 2,942

296 3,072

27,462

1978

611 1,241

18,285 946 942 336

1,099 632

1,086 1,135 9,713

1,747 537

25,716 55,772

2,074 1,048

1,207 5,231 3,110

29,421 4,293

152 1,440 3,111

281 2,904

30,368

1979

597 2,141

19,218 1,166

983 418

1,164 638 985

1,335 10,197

1,710

565

27,857 58,274

2,163 1,006

1,254 5,186 3,117

29,845 4,091

156 1,445 3,114

320 3,515

32,170

1980R

525 2,054

20,669 1,442

886 455

1,124 655

1,084 1,293

10,845

1,740 504

24,325 53,294

2,049 947

1,077 5,700 3,530

32,374 4,289

149 1,439 2,958

299 3,351

31,255

1981R

525 2,318

18,513 1,445 1,086

303 1,003

641 1,098 1,063

11,954

1,515 508

1982R

519 2,185

20,486 1,074 1,014

357 1,018

716 1,087 1,322

12,784

1,705 470

19,997 21,125 47,664 49,120

2,038 933

924 5,111 3,523

30,269 4,146

140 1,283 2,916

286 2,825

26,829

1.967 910

810 4,059 4,074

25,157 4,354

111 1,321 2,817

255 2,497

24,891

Annual(%) Growth Ratec

1983 1984b 1971-84

483 2,554

19,213 1,157 1,048

406 1,172

695 1,061 1,266

13,963

1,693 452

526 2,703

17,312 819 815 267

1,024 689

1,088

13,627

1,690 545

21,456 20,992 56,406 58,350

2,083 916

762 4,846 4,596

21,484 3,970

120 1,303 3,081

233 2,289

26,584

2,267 948

767E 4,928 4,586

21,484 4,301

129 1,515 3,277

277 2,725

27,232

-M 60 45

1D 5~

-M

06 6~

1.0 -31

9~

-1.6 -2.2

-0.8 1.9

0.7 0.9

22 2.2 6.1

-M 1.1

-u 0.4 03

-1~

-« -06

dsee pages xx and xxxii for French and Spanrsh commodrty descnptions • Vorr pages xx et xxxrr pour Ia descrrptron tran9arse et espagnole des produits • vease las p<iginas xx y xxxri para descrrpcrones de productos en frances y espar'lol

eoata for bauxite and iron ore are rn gross werght; all other mrneral data are rn metal content werght • Dans le cas de Ia bauxrte et du mrnerar de fer, les chrffres rndiques correspondent aux poids bruts. pour taus les autres mrneraux. lis desrgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre bauxrta y mrneral de hrerro sedan en pesos brutos, todos los demas datos de mrnerales son de contenrdo metalrco

Sources. See Table 10 • Sources Vorr Tableau 10 • Fuentes Vease el Cuadra 10

39

TABLE 17 TABLEAU 17 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES, 1961-84* (US$/metric ton)a"

40

SITC, Rev 2 Codes

072.1

071.1 074.1

112.3 112.1 072.32

FOODS"

Beverages and Products

Cocoa Coffee Tea Beer

Wine Cocoa Butter

Cereals

043 Barley 045.9 Grain Sorghum

044 Maize 042 Rice 041 Wheat and Meslin

061.1 +061.2 Sugar

025.1

022.42•43

023 024

036 034+035 011.1 011.2

011.3 014

057.4 057.3

057.21 057.1 057.51 054.1

054.2 054.4

Eggs and Dairy Products

Eggs in Shell Milk and Cream. Dry

Butter Cheese and Curd

Fish and Meat

Crustaceans and Molluscs Fish, Fresh, etc.

Bee I Lamb

Pig Meat Canned Meat

Fruits and Vegetables

Apples Bananas Lemons, etc. Oranges, etc. Grapes

Potatoes Pulses Tomatoes

Average Average 196/-65 1966-70

476 776

1,204 157

242 1,109

64

58 61

142

73

126

552 276

872 772

901

380

698 518 742

1,098

183 127

183 162 221

79 154

253

628 848

1,026

174 298

1,442

70

63 65

172 75

112

566 332 846

936

1,278R

481

898 596 921

1,237

202 144 221 166

237

82 151

303

1971

620 943

1,006

199 382

1,296

77 69 75

160 78

142

605 453

1,182 1,156

1,555R

665 1,173

667 964

1,449

220 136 288 186 279

78

193 369

1972

589 1,004

1,024 220 421

1,309

76

68 71

184 81

170

649 571

1,324 1,370

2,761R 782

1,388

796 1,076 1,511

236 144 351

187 325

89 204

395

1973

885 1,259 1,031

251 567

2,107

115 102 104

304 124

197

956 676

1,127 1,548

1974

1,445 1,396

1,210 270

618 3,360

151

138 145 494

203

408

876

880 1,332 1,819

2, 154R 2,320R

978 1,004 1,889 1,808 1,243 1,341

1,573 1,490 2,034 2,224

327

155 390 216

382 152 276

458

301 175

403 238 421 131

440 483

1975

1,516 1,368 1,414

323

595 3,239

158 144

150 422

195

579

899 1,057

1,766 2,150

2,379 1,108

1,768 1,248

1,791 2,263

397

218 488

281 477 174

413 567

CUADR017

1976

1,553 2,321 1,397

327

636 3,351

156 129 136

338 174

328

1,051

913 1,834

2,127

2,931 1,293 1,770 1,271

1,908 2,230

312 216

368 294

472 317

420 531

1977

3,063 4,619 2,354

360 736

5,138

157

118 125 377

154

255

1,116 733

2,087 2,346

3,329

1,509 1,930

1,493 1,954

2,259

427 239

416 316 600 225 473 601

1978

3,669 3,634

2,286 434 927

4,763

176

120 132 453 177

271

1,087 845

2,618

2,744

3,480 1,758

2,321 1,833

2,152 2,503

526 260 497

383 619

170 489 697

1979

3,628 3,472 2,247

476 1,045 5,463

186 136

155 484 204

294

1,138

944 2,919 3,038

4,412 1,997

2,900 2,169 2,392

2,869

476

285 683 437 679

203 494 743

1980R

3,033 3,718 2,347

543 1,143

6,293

206 164 171

530 236

528

1,398 1,301

3,338 3,319

4,296 1,988 3,129

2,467 2,432 3,201

565 324

660 466 769

203 521

864

1981R

2,042 2,694 2,114

500 976

5,042

196 188 180 534

224

469

1,258 1,347

3,212 2,994

4,297 1,986 2,934 2,550 2,352

3,049

466 340

588 437 727

180

600 878

1982A

1,816 2,722

1,964 517

935 4,552

182 144

149 459

200

324

964 1,235 3,009

2,889

4,309

1,913 2,750 2,292 2,293 2,889

563 329 444 412

726 199

539 726

1983

1,761 2,731

2,096 516 967

4,011

163

159 161

443 196

329

936 928

2,836 2,712

4,348 1,854

2,665 2,042 2,051 2,685

370

358 507 394 679 172

409 710

Annual(%) Growth Rated

1984c 1971-84

2,204

3,003 2,908

497

936 4,552

167 155

171 437

183

315

929

823 2,326 2,472

2,400 1,932

1,905 2,475

387 341

412

359 670 226 402

603

10.1

10.0 8.1

8.2 7.6

9.9

6.0 5.9 5.7

6.7 6.2

5.0

3.3 5.1

8.5

6.8

9.6 9.8 6.3

9.0 5.6

4.8

5.3 8.3 3.6 7.0

7.4

5.6 6.1 5.5

SITC. Rev. 2 Codes

222.1 222.6

222.2 222.4

424.3 423.4 424.2

423.2 411.3 081.42

081.3

263.1 268.1 + 268.2

247.1 248.2

232

121

333 287.32 684.1

287.31 287.1 +682.1 287.6 + 687.1

287.4 + 685.1

287.5 + 686.1 281

287.7 271.3

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals

Groundnuts Rapeseed, etc. Soybeans Sunflower Seed Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Animal Oil, etc. Fish meal Soybean Cake and Meal

NON-FOODS"

Fibers

Cotton Wool ( degreased)

Timber (US$im3)

Sawlogs (coniferous) Sawnwood (coniferous)

Other

Rubber Tobacco

FUELS, METALS, and MINERALS"·'

Petroleum Alumina Aluminum Bauxite' Copper Tin Lead Zinc Iron Ore1

Manganese Ore Phosphate Rock

Average Average 1961-65 1966-70

203 126 108

136 261 347

230 252 177

133

93

644 2,162

26 41

531 1,403

17

148

536 12

674 2,901

205 175

10

66 12

213

121 112 137

289 310 208

247 175

154 102

618

1,832

33 46

452 1,434

16

148

583 12

1,223

3,282 255

199 10

55 14

1971

289 140 127

179 295 435

254

312 213 185 109

688 1,367

35 52

380 1,438

19

156 638

13

1,052

3,537 239

220 11 54

15

1972

310 141

134 179 217

415

218 292 192

176 121

784 1,835

37

58

350 1,517

20

158 581

13 1,015

3,677 267 281

11

54

15

1973

409 197

213

238 334 517 274

380 311 420

236

879 4,122

61

80

566 1,713

26 162 564

13 1,520

4,512

352 382

13

66 17

1974

600

328 260 379 976

1,008

566 732

460 406

208

1,393

3,915

73 106

806 1,904

80 199 762

14 2,024 7,689

483

571 15

93 45

1975

638 357

255 393

500 868 491

753 367 267 179

1,172

2,827

72 97

599 2,274

87

258 815

21 1,237

6,870

394 427

18 114

62

1976

554 274 224

327 357

739

385 490

393 327 198

1,353

3,317

71 100

760 2,409

93 267

869 24

1,342 7,269

410

581 19

128

49

1977

703 318

293 310

560 913

520

603 434 465

251

1,734

3,786

78 108

867 2,585

100

295 1,058

24 1,282

10,084

582 531

20 138

41

1978

811 327

259 300 592

1,111

551

640 471 460

222

1,499

4,006

83 122

982 3,011

103

325 1,138

28 1,327

12,532

618 456

21 131

39

1979

821 318

289 347

936 1,063

655 714

571

430 250

1,699 4,472

116

142

1,273

3,034

142

362 1,386

30 1,944

14,614 1,093

584 23

135 43

1980A

861

341 288 328 718

871 612

673 525

498 264

1,856 5,071

131

159

1,457

3,144

240 433

1,699

37 2,359

16,408

900

585 27

160

61

1981R

1,170

366 304 351 575

1,109

569 580 487

507 277

1,913

4,852

103

133

1,225 3,134

270

456 1,501

37 1,804

14,104

884

677 28

162

62

1962R

825 348

253

364 503 694 491

503 461

402 239

1,566

4,462

94 129

902 3,457

251 438

1,209 43

1,541

12,662 671 601

29 157

56

1983

796

354 261 408 540

619 447

521 412

439 240

1,643 3,923

82 123

1,015

3,548

222 407

1,405

40 1,673

12,786

645

622 28

140

48

Annual(%) Growth Rated

1984c 1971-64

902

369 299 412

1,004

1,090 700

732 472

226

1,818 4,091

80 114

1,058

3,473

218E 412

1,544 40

1,459

12,677

604 715

25 131

44

8.9

6.5 5.0 5.1

7.0 4.7 6.6

4.3 5.8

6.8 4.9

7.1 6.5

6.8

6.4

8.8

7.5

25.2 9.5 8.7

11.2

3.0 11.7

8.9 7.0 7.9

8.1 9.1

•tmportatlons des principaux produits de base de pays 1ndustnels a economie demarche, 1961-84 ($EU11onne metnque)a.b • lmportactones de esee pages xx and xxxu tor French and Spanish commodity descnpt1ons • Voir pages xx et xxx:u pour Ia descnpt1on franya1se et espagnole des los principales productos bas1cos por los paises industriales con economia de mercado, 1961-84 (US$'tonelada metnca) a.b produits • vease las pagmas xx y xxxit para descnpciones de productos en frances y espal'lo!

acomputed from unrounded data • CalculBes a partir de chtftres non arrondis • Calculadas a part~r de datos no redondeados

bunless otherwtse noted • Sauf mdication contra1re • A menos que se indtque otra cosa

cPreliminary data • Donnees provisotres • Cifras provtstonales.

dleast squares trend • Tendance des moindres canes • Tendenc1a de mtnimos cuadrados

1Data for bauxite and iron ore are 1n gross wetght; all other mineral data are 1n metal content we•ght • Dans le cas de Ia bauxite et du mmera1 de fer. les ch1ffres mdtqUes correspondent aux po1ds bruts; pour taus les autres minE!raux. 1ls d6stgent Ia teneur en metal • Los datos sabre bauxtta y mtneral de hierro se dan en pesos brutes: todos los demas datos de minerales son de conten•do metahco

Sources· See Table 10 • Sources· Votr Tableau 10 • Fuentes: Vease el Cuadra 10

41

TABLE18 TABLEAU18 CUADR018 INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF SELECTED COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WORLD* (1981-83 average; 1,000 metric tons)

42

SITC No (Rev. 2)

072.1 0723 071.1 071.2 074.1 112.1

042 045.9 044 041 061.1 I 061.2

011.1 014

057.3 057.1 057.2 058.3 + 058.5 054.1-054.5 056.5

223.1 222.1 223.2 222.2 424.3 423.4 424.2 423.2 081.3 081.4

263.1 264 265.4 268.1 + 268.2 232

247.1 I 247.2 248 121

Commod1ty

FOODS Beverages Cocoa Cocoa Products Coffee Soluble Coffee Tea Wine

Cereals Rice Grain Sorghum Maize Wheat and Meslin

Sugar Meat Beef Canned Meat

Fruits and Vegetables Bananas Oranges Other Citrus Fruits Canned Fruits Fresh Vegetables Canned Vegetables

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals Copra Groundnuts Palm Kernels Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil Palm Oil Soybean Oil Oilseed Cake and Meal Fish and Meat Meals

NON-FOODS Fibers Cotton Jute Sisal Wool

Rubber Timber Logs Sawnwood

Tobacco

Importer

North America Japan Western Europe Australia and New Zealand

Total Imports of Selected

Commodities

lndustnal Developing Developmg Developing Developing Market Countnes World Countnes World Countnes World Countries World Economies World

227 88

1,074 25 86 61

18 2

0 3,430

68 87

2.837

24

844 5

0 65

0 0

452 2

145 2

15 51

9 17 4

11 741

144

237 132

1,115 34

105 995

123 20

831 35

4,183

607 227

2,838 323 138

2,067 32

0 121

0 383 459

5 146 16

536 99

59 18 4

45 751

1,012 10,401

169

34 13

187 9

11 12

39 1,101 1.769

0 1,300

0 4

681

0 12 6

199 129

71 38 13

189 37

0 150

156 156

34 20

188 14 13 45

40 3,358

13,954 5,721 1,881

127 19

681 83

278 21

357 205

74 56 13

4,512 37

0 150 25

230 242

276 717 11 11 6 6

169 464 464

12,047 21,661 472 2,424

28 82

634 661 89 241

1,833 1,932 24 63

237 263 278 3,272

440 1,566 476 1,349

1,714 17,339 202 10,948

1,591 2,675

146 1,184 104 489

1,749 1,360

457 473 983

45

2,097 3,042

909 1,354 8,486

626

169 175 228 392

76 105 1,439 14,601

447 516 258 335 656

5 10,347

433

748 599

19,221 1,264

503 861 71 82 66 67

116 453 803 832

2,952 8,449 3,160 16,481

389 656

13 6

39

29 2

1 0 0

0

0 0

2 6 0 0

19 1

17 0 1

2

1

8 4 1

46

13 13 39

29 11

10 4

10 74

140

3 2

945 406

3,274

410 4,323

1,739 4,731

32,134 16,778 8,879

1,921 737

37 5,653 17 3,465 3 1,328

18 10,928

4

9 0

25 19

1

17 43 27

8

1

8 4

10 46

1,028 14

253 578 118

19,521 1,031

341 1,061

683 20,014

1,613

1,638 119 81

677 2,093

31,124 30,334

921

1,250 536

3,890

896 5,069

12,377 13,423 73,179 97,138 29,104

3,313 1,052

6,539 5,097 1,883

11,544

383 768 142

27,179 1,343

428 3,478 3,462

29,319 3,273

4,427 524 235

1,140 3,294

43,100 45,143

1,412

·Importations par les pays industne/s a economie de marche de prodwts de base en provenance de pays en d6veloppement et de !'ensemble du monde, moyenne, 1981-83 (Milliers de tonnes metnques). lmportaciones de productos seleccionados de palses en desarrollo y del mundo efectu­adas por pafses industnales con economia de mercado, promed1o en 1981-83 (Miles de toneladas metricas). 1 Est1mates • Estimation • Est1mac16n

Sources: FAO, Trade Yearbook 1983; FAO, Yearbook of Forest Products, 1972-83: FAO, Yearbook of Fishery StatistiCS, 1983; UN, Comtrade Data Base Statistics.

I ADLI: I~ I 1-\~Lt:.AU 1 ~ \,;UAUHU 1 ~ INDUSTRIAL MARKET ECONOMIES' IMPORTS OF SELECTED COMMODITIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WORLD* (1981-83 average; million US dollars, c.i.f.)a

SITC No. (Rev. 2)

072.1 072.3 071.1 071.2

074.1

112.1

042 045.9

044 041 061.1 + 061.2

011.1

014

057.3

057.1

057.2 058.3 + 058.5 054.1 -054.5

056.5

223.1 2221

223.2 222.2

424.3 423.4 424.2

423.2 081.3

081.4

263.1 264 265.4

268.1 + 268.2

232

247.1 + 247.2

248 121

Commodity

FOODS Beverages Cocoa Cocoa Products CoHee Soluble Coffee

Tea Wine

Cereals Rice Grain Sorghum Maize Wheat and Meslin

Sugar Meat Beef Canned Meat

Fruits and Vegetables Bananas

Oranges Other Citrus Fruits

Canned Fruits Fresh Vegetables Canned Vegetables

Oilseeds, Oils, and Meals Copra Groundnuts Palm Kernels

Soybeans Coconut Oil Groundnut Oil

Palm Oil Soybean Oil

Oilseed Cake and Meal Fish and Meat Meals

NON-FOODS Fibers Cotton

Jute Sisal Wool

Rubber Timber Logs Sawnwood

Tobacco

Importer

North America Japan Western Europe Australia and New Zealand

Total Imports of Selected

Commodities

Industrial Developing Developing Developing Developing Market Countnes World Countnes World Countries World Countries World Economies World

423

224 2,982

185 151

57

12 1

4 0

1,429

169 244

866 22

8 483

523 6

132

0 0

245

71 1

3 16

14 4 2

37

809

1

138 429

445

310 3,124

239 199

1,028

59 8

128 5

1,704

1,511

656

866

115 50

685 957

23

0 182

0 93

250 4

71

8 112

31

93

164 822

85 2,441

486

70

44 514

40

34 12

22 164 268

0 371

2 7

233

1 8

10 145 101

25 46

3 60 21

0 74

3 37

58

480

5

27 462

1,846

192 108

71 67

518

85

43

65

23 522

2,136

1,173

533

410

57

233 68

190

39 225 168

26 64

3 1,309

21

3 74

13

60 93

1,249

5 4

576

462

3,410

836 436

1,206

247 4,997

126

497

252

176

80 271

46

665

445 312

828 554

192

489 498

61

62 190

23

402 251 192

323

3 2,218

175

884 26

39

339 849

606 1,130 1,089

1,259

744

5,335 406

560 2,588

725 238

2,988 2,277 1,188

3,640

1,339

1,003

1,243

407 1,115 3,621

460

65 334

33 3,895

294

262

380 319

4,312

532

1.443 29

40 1,351

872

1,143

5,164

2,152

25 18

95 12

49 4

2 0 0 0

20

0 2

14

0 0

16 2

0 0

11 1

0

2

46

0 66 26

26 41

98 25 51

33

6 1

5 16 45

6 6

14

10 2

26 17

9

1

11

0 8

12

7

24

4

3 1

3 32

46

206

69

1,801 1,162

9,075 755

853 3,714

813

769 5,257 3,471

3,470

5,567

2,058

2,116 1,436

649 1,865 4,820

660

92 591

36 5,305

577

270

532 364

4,491

660

2,788

39 49

2,123 2,202

4,639

8,647 3.143

2,367 1,456

10,316

859 1,912 4,755

5,135 2,028

11,878

19,048 5,874

8,093

2,780

2,214 2,165

871 2,168

5,927

736

143

704 42

7,529

746

346 1,812 1,978

6,915 1,271

7,241 184

161 2,741

3,526

6,540 10,122

4.579

•tmportatlons par les pays industrials a econom1e de march€! de prodUI!s de base en provenance de pays en dE!veloppement et de !'ensemble du monde, valeur moyenne 1981-83 (millions de dollars EU, c a f.) • lmportac1ones de productos selecc1onados de paises en desarrollo y del mundo efectuadas por paises Industriales, con economia de mercado, valor med10 en 1981-83 (m1Uones de US$, c.1 f)

a Data for the Umted States, Canada. and Australia are I o b. • Les donnees pour les Etats-Unis, le Canada, et I'Austrahe sont I o b • Los datos relat1vos a los Estados Unl­dos. Canada, y Australia son f o.b

Sources. FAO. Trade Yearbook, 1983: FAO. Yearbook of Forest Products. 1972-83: FAO. Yearbook of F1shery Statistics, 1983; UN. Comtrade Data Base StatiStiCS

43

IV. PRICE AND FREIGHT RATE INDICES

IV. Indices des prix et des taux de fret IV. Indices de precios y de fletes

44

IADLI:. ~U I ADLI:.AU "U (;UADAO 20 SELECTED PRICE INDICES* (1980=100)

Price Indices of GOP at Market Prices 1

Indices des prix du PIS aux pnx du march€! 1

Indices de precios del PIS a prec1os de mercado 1

Year OECD-Total2 United States3

An nee OCDE-T otal2 Etats-Unis3

A flo OCDE-Total2 Estados Un•dos3

1960 28.2 38.2 1961 28.6 38.5 1962 295 39.3 1963 30.2 39.9 1964 31.1 40.5

1965 31.6 41.0 1966 32.8 42.4 1967 33.8 43.6 1968 34.7 45.8 1969 36.1 48.1

1970 38.1 50.7

1971 40.8 53.3 1972 45.1 55.7 1973 51.3 58.7 1974 56.6 64.0

1975 63.5 69.9 1976 65.7 74.0 1977 71.4 78.3 1978 82.7 84.1 1979 916 91.2

1980 100.0 100.0 1981 99.2 108.9 1982 98.5 116.4 1983 99.4 121.7 1984 99.46 126.7"

*Indices des prix selectionnBs (1980= 100) • lnd•ces de precios seleccionados (1980 ~ 100).

1 These indices were con~Jerted into dollars from the domestiC currency series on the 1980 reference base penod, published by the OECD and computed usmg GOP at current prices and current exchange rates • Ces indices ont ete convertis en dollars a partir des series en monnaies nationales de Ia pEtnode de base de reference de 1980 pubh6es par I'OCDE et on les a calcutes en employant le PIB aux pnx et taux de change courants • Estos indices se con~Jirtieron a d61ares a part1r de las series en monedas nac•onales del perfodo base de referencia de 1980 publteados por Ia OCDE y se calcularon empleando el PIS a prec1os y tipos de camb1o cornentes.

2Excluding Yugoslavia. New series • Non compns Yougoslavie Nouveau serie • S1n 1n-cluir Yugosla~Jia. Nueva sene.

3 Series revised • Serie rev1ser • Serie revisada.

4tndustnal mari<:et economies' (France, Germany, FR .. Japan, United K•ngdom. United States) 1nd1ces of US dollar umt values of manufactured exports to develop•ng countnes The '"CIF" index combines a 90% we1ght of "FOB" export pnces w1th a 10% weight of transport costs. Series revised. • Indices de valeur unitaJre en dollars EU des exporta· lions de produits manufactures en provenance des pays industnels a econom•e de march€ (France. AUemagne. Rep fed .. Japan, Royaume-Um, Etats-Un1s) vers les pays en developpement Pays d"indJce CAF represents une ponderahon de 90% des pnx d'ex-

Manufactunng Un1t Value

Index (MUV) 4

lndice de Ia valeur un1ta1re des US Producer prodwts manufactures (VUM) 4

Pnce Index lnd1ce del valor un1tano de

lndice des prix a Ia manufacture (VUM)4 production des EU

"CIF" lndex5

lndice de prectos al lnd1ce CAF5

productor de los EE.UU. lnd1ce "CIF"5

35.3 28.7 35.2 29.2 35.3 29.7 35.2 29.2 35.3 29.8

36.0 30.0 37.2 31.1 37.2 31.4 38.2 31.2 39.7 32.8

41.1 34.9 42.4 36.8 44.3 40.0 50.2 46.4 59.6 56.5

65.1 62.8 68.1 63.7 72.3 70.0 77.9 80.5

87.7 91.2

100.0 100.0 109.1 100. 111.3R 97.6 112.7R 96.4 115.46 94.76

portation FOB et de 10% des coOts de transport. S8rie r8v1ser • Indices de valor un1tano en US$ de las exportac1ones de productos manufacturados procedentes de los paises mdustriales con economia de mercado (Francia, Alemama, Rep. Fed., Jap6n. Reino Un-1do. Estados Unidos) hacia paises en desarrollo. En el indica ""CIF' se combina una pon-deraci6n de 90% de los precios '"FOB" de exportaci6n con una ponderaci6n de 10% de costos de transporte. Serie rev1sada

5Unit Values of Manufacturers (SlTC 5~8). Classification Includes Chemicals, Manufac· lured Goods Classified by Material, Machinery and Transport Eqwpment and Miscella-neous Manufactured Articles • Valeur umtaire des produrts manufactures (CTCI 5-8). La classification comprend produits ch1miques. articles manufactures classes principalement d'apres Ia matiere premiere. machines et materiel de transport, et articles manufactures di~Jers. • Valor unitano de los productos manufacturados (CUCI 5-B). La clas1f1cac16n 1n-cluye productos quimicos. articulos manufacturados clasificados pnncipalmente segUn el material, maquinaria y material de transports, y articulos manufacturados diversos.

6Prelimmary • Prehmmaire • Prelimmar

Source: OECD. Mam EconomiC lndtcators; World Bank. Economtc Analysts & ProjeCtions Department • OCOE, Prmc1paux mdicateurs econom1ques; Banque mond1ale. Departement de /'analyse et des proJections econom1ques • OCDE. Mam Eco-nomtc Indicators: Banco Mundial, Departmento de Aniflists y Proyecc10nes Econ-6m1COS

300

200

---· ~ 100

I ~ 90

I! 80 ~~

70 , 60 J

I 50 US Producer

,~, Price \ndex

40 \ ,~ y ~

Manufactur~r·1q Ur•:! ------· Value l~1dex :c I;

_30 ~ ......... \

OECD-Total GDP Implicit

Price Defla1or

20

10 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1

s~mi:lort~mi1c s~a~~ 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1984

45

TABLE 21 TABLEAU 21 CUADRO 21 PURCHASING POWER INDEX OF PRIMARY COMMODITIES EXPORTED BY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF IMPORTED MANUFACTURES, 1948-85*" (annual averages; constant dollars; 1977-79 = 1 00)

(Weights­% Share)b

1948 1949

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985

Petroleum

Q

~

41 ~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

a a a ~

~

n n n ~

~

~

a ~

100

% 100 100 ~

111

166 1E 1E 1~

1M

1~

33 Commodities (Excludmg Energy)

(100.0)

1~

1~

1~

1~

130 1~

1~

1~

13 1~

1~

100

1W 100 u

117 115

1W 106 u

100 1ro

1~

~

M 1~

1~

112 1~

112 ~

~

113 ~

77 ~

~

n

Total (71 8)

116 114

158 163 128 120 134

125 122 124 107 106

104 95 94

121 111

92 89 87 88 91

91 86 92

120 164

113 110 116

94 93

113 89 73 78 78

67

Total (58.1)

110 110

1~

1~

115 115 1~

114 115 1~

1m %

~

~

% 1~

1~

E ~

~

~

E

~

~

~

119 1~

119 110 119 ~

~

115 ~

M N ~

M

Beverages (26.4)

~

• w % E 00

131

1~

1W ~

~

N

n M ~

~

M

M ~

w w ~

M ~

~

~

~

q

00 1~

~

81

M ~

~

~

M

~

Agriculture

Food

Cereals (7.5)

162 169

183 172 164 168 160

139 136 127 126 121

114 120 130 132 129

125 136 143 140 132

113 103 101 178 212

149 119 100 104 96

105 112

84 91 88

80

Fats and Oils (8.6)

162 126

153 157 125 130 124

113 112 110 102 111

104 106 98

105 106

117 110 103 100 94

104 99 89

157 150

89 94

106 97 98

82 79 66 79 96

73

Other (15.6)

145 145

190 184 136 123 125

123 126 166 120 108

111 96 97

223 167

84 76 79 80

105

109 116 155 170 374

241 149 105

93 103

219 141

86 89 65

54

Non-Food (13.6)

139 128

227 269 179 142 143

172 152 145 131 151

155 131 128 121 120

117 114 107 112 114

100 96 91

124 114

89 111 102 97

102

106 92 83 95 90

81

Timber (4.8)

~

w 72 ~

~

61 E

• ~

w ~

~

72 n N n ~

~

m 00 ~

m m n ~

100 w ~

~

91 00 1~

1~

1~

106 w

113

109

Metals and

Minerals (23.4)

100 107

125 135 150 139 136

156 159 139

1f? 125

125 120 115 115 138

158 164 136 140 146

143 117 107 135 149

116 111 104 92

104

106 93 85 88 85

84

*lndice du pouv01r d'achat des exportations de prodwts de base partes pays en d9veloppement en fonction des importations de produits manufactures, 1948-85 • lnd1ce del poder adquisitivo de los productos pnmarios exportados par los pafses en desarrollo, en terminos de las manufacturas importadas, 1948-85

8 Computed from unrounded data and deflated by manufactunng uM value (MUV) c.Lf. 1ndex • Ca!cule a partir de donnees non arrondies et expnme en pnx constants sur Ia base de l'mdice de Ia valeur unitaire des produits manufactures (VUM) ca. f. • Calculados a partir de datos no redondeados y deflactado segUn el indice del valor umtario de manufacture (VUM) c.Lf.

bWeighted by 1977-79 developmg countnes' export values • Ponderai!On en foncbon de Ia valeur des exportations des pays en developpement pour 1977-79 • Ponderado segUn los valores de exportaciones de los paises en desarrollo para 1977-79.

Note: The commoditieS included in each group are: beverages--coffee, cocoa, tea; cereals-maize. nee. wheat, grain sorghum; fats and Oils--palm 011, coconut Oil. groundnut oil. soy­beans, copra. groundnut meal, soybean meal: other foods-sugar, beef, bananas, oranges; non-foods-cotton, JUte, rubber, tobacco: timber-logs; metals and minerals-copper, tin, nickel, bauxite, alummum, iron ore, manganese ore, lead, zinc. phosphate rock • Note· Les produits inclus dans chaque groupe sont les suivants: b01ssons--cafe, cacao. the: cereales­mars, riz. ble, grames de sorgho: gra1sses et huiles-hwles de palme, de coco et d'arachide, SOja, copra, Iarine d'arach1de et Iarine de SOJa; autres prodUits allmenta1res-sucre, boeuf, bananes. oranges; prodwts non alimenta1res---coton. jute. caoutchouc. tabac; bois de charpente----bois en grumes: metaux et m1neraux---cwvre. 8tain, nickel, bauxite. alummium. minerai de fer. mmerai de manganese, plomb, zinc, phosphate nature! • Nota: Los productos incluidos en cada grupo son los SIQUientes: beb1das: cafe. cacao, te: cereales maiz, arroz, tngo. sorgo en grana; grasas y aceites: aceites de palma, de coco y de mani. soya, copra, hanna de man1 y de soya; otros productos alimentarios: azuCar, carne de vacuno. bananas. naranjas: productos no alimentarios: algod6n. yule. tabaco; madera. madera en trozas; metales y mmerales: cobre, estaflo. niquel. bauxita, aluminio. mineral de hierro. mmeral de manganese. plomo, zinc. fosfonta.

Source: World Bank, Economic Analysis and Projecl10ns Department. Commodity StudieS and ProjeCtions Division • Source: Banque mondiale, oepartement de !'analyse et des projeC­tions economiques, Division des etudes et prOjectiOns sur les produits de base • Fuente: Banco Mundial, Departamento de AnAhsls y Proyecc1ones Econ6micos, DivisiOn de Estudios y Proyecc1ones sabre Productos B8sicos.

46

• Average OPEC Price

Non-Food

Metals and Minerals

50~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~----~--_j

~ 52 56 60 M 68 72 76 80 85 YEAR

TABLE 22 TABLEAU 22 CUADRO 22 OCEAN FREIGHT RATES AND INDICES, 1960-85*

Freight Rates (US$,metnc ton)

Taux de fret par voie mant1me ($EU1tonne m8tr1que)

Fletes marit1mos (US$. tonelada metnca)

Year Grains1 Sugar2

An nee Grams1 Sucre2

A rio Granos 1 Azucar2

1960 3.7 12.4 1961 4.8 12.8 1962 3.3 11.5 1963 4.4 13.4 1964 4.2 12.7

1965 4.6 13.9 1966 3.6 13.2 1967 4.3 12.3 1968 3.4 12.6 1969 4.1 13.9

1970 7.0 19.3 1971 3.3 16.9 1972 4.1 16.1 1973 13.2 30.0 1974 10.2 45.05

1975 4.6 35.05

1976 5.2 27.35

1977 5.5 15.9 1978 7.1 16.3 1979 12.4 21.5

1980 16.1 26.8 1981 14.1 21.4 1982 10.3 14.2 1983 9.4 15.2 1984 10.2 15.5E 1985 Jan. -Oct 10.0E 15.1E

·raux de fret et md1ces des taux de fret par vo1e maritime, 1960-85 • Fletes mant1mos e indices de fletes mantimos, 1960-85.

1 US-Canada (St Lawrence) to AntwerpiRotterdam!Amsterdam; beg1nnmg 1976 for wheat only • Etats-Unis-Canada (St. Laurent) vers Anvers/RotterdamAmsterdam; a part1r de 1976 pour bl8 seulement • Estados Un1dos-Canada (San Lorenzo) a Amberes Rotter­dam/Amsterdam; a partir de 1976 para tngo sotamente

2Australia (Queensland) to Unrted Kingdom; begmn1ng 1977 Australia (Queensland) to Ja­pan • Australia (Queensland) vers Royaume-Un1, 8 part1r de 1977 Australia (Queensland) vers Japon • Australia (Queensland) al Remo Unido; a partir de 1977 Australia (Queens­land) al Jap6n.

3uner services: we1ghted average of quotations by all flags to and from ports 1n the Ant­werp-Hamburg range. Weights are determined accordmg to the estimated fretght charges m the base year • Services r8guliers: moyenne pondEnee des cours par taus pavilions a destination et en provenance des ports s1tues entre Anvers et Hambourg Les pondera­tions sont obtenues sur Ia base des coUts de fret pour l'ann8e de base • Serv1c1o regu­lar; promedio ponderado de las cot1zac1ones par buques de todas las banderas a·-y desde puertos en Ia zona de Amberes/Hamburgo. Las ponderaciones se determtnan en funci6n de los fletes estimadoes en el ano base

Fretght Rate lnd1ces Indices des taux de fret par vo1e manttme

Indices de fletes man limos (1970 ~ 100)

Germany, Fed Rep Allemagne, Fed. rep. Aleman1a, Fed. Rep

Dry Cargo3

Carga1son Seches3 Carga Seca3

Tankers4

Nawes C1ternes4

Barcos T anques4

75 78 80 82 85

88 91 94 94 96

100 110 115 123 164

179 188 201 211 234

250 276 281 280 3166

36 34 62 63 51

100 58 41

116 75

40 39 39 52 89

71R 47R 43R 46R 48 49E

40fficial mdex. Combrnat1ons w1th equal we1ghts of the arithmetic average of quotatiOns from important oil centers to the United Kingdom or the continent of Europe for crude oil and crude oil products based on "WORLD-SCALE" (Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale). Period 1965-70 rebased from the original base of 1963= 100 Effect1ve 1980, base weight is 1980-100 • lndice officiel: combinaison de pond8rat1on egale de Ia may­anne arithm8tique des taux entre d'importants centres p8trollers et des ports du Roy­aume-Uni ou de I'Europe continentale pour le p8trole brut et les produits du p8trole brut tondee sur le bareme "WORLD-SCALE" (Worldwide Tanker Nommal Freight Scale). Pour Ia penode 1965-70 Ia base 6ta1t pr9c9demment 1963= 100. A partir de 1980, Ia base de pond8ration est 1980=-100 • lndice oficial: combinaciones, con igual pondera­ci6n, de Ia media arttm8tica de las cotizaciones de fletes desde centros petroleras impor­tantes al Reina Unido o a Europa continental para petr61eo crude y sus productos, con base en Ia "'WORLD SCALE" (Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale). Para el pen6do 1965-70, el ai'lo base original era 1963= 100. Desde 1980, Ia base de ponderaci6n es 1980~ 100.

5Partly estimated • Estimes partiellement • Estimados parc1almente.

6January-June average • Moyenne Janvler-JUIO • Promedio de enero-Junio.

Sources: FAO Trade Yearbooks: International Wheat Council Releases, Drewry's. Ship­ping StatiStiCS and Econom1cs of London; UN, Monthly Bulletin of StatistiCS.

47

(/) w

0 a: a. :>

en .Q (.)

~

a. :> >< "i: a. :>

(/) 0 a: ~ z w

::!: :::J <

( (/)

~ 0 ::::) c 0 a: a.

(/) w

a: ~ z w

::!: :::J <

( (/)

!::: ::::) c 0 a: a.

(/) c 0 0 LL

c:o "<t

COCOA (US cents/kg)

Year An nee Aria

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

70.5 78.5 78.0 82.0

127.4

82.5 60.0 67.7 97.7 80.5

62.8 49.8 46.5 56.0 51.6

37.9 53.8 63.9 75.8

100.8

75.4 59.1 71.2

142.6 216.5

165.4R 240.3R 447.5R3

NQ NQ

232.34

210.5 185.1 221.5 256.4

241.75

CACAO (Cents EU/kg)

Accra (Ghanaian) 1

Accra (gMneen) 1

Accra (Ghanes) 1

''~b(l " n' I .,nt :_

'qd\1"'

C•

IUIJ c

,. .~ 1 'J r: ;_4: i:

3-L· >J

~li B

, -· :~ r;

20~:l:

::: ~ ~ (~

~) 1, b (1

~ f·C ,--,

i 78 G .,

JED?

::.."6,-, -1

~ ?7 ::

tl: -l'-1 ~i

I(,

1' r

23~: 3

2~9 ~.

1 Spot. New York • Comptant New York • Prec10 al contado. Nueva York

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

63.1 70.1 70.1 67.5

116.2

79.4 57.3 63.9 87.5 72.5

58.9 48.5 45.9 55.3 50.5

36.6 51.8 59.7 72.1 90.4

67.5 53.8 64.4

113.1 156.1

124.6 204.6 379.0 340.4 329.3

260.4 207.9 173.6 212.0 239.6

223.8

CACAO (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

New York and London2

New York et Londres2

Nueva York y Londres2

i:··

,.:_;.t;'

r•,c

't.

.,_,r·L·

' .; ~l

~' ~.: (

:<.::· ? ,cf!

-, ~ "

21nternational Cocoa Organizatton (ICCO), average datly pnce. nearest three future tradtng months • Organisalton mternaMnale du cacao (OIC), cours quol!dten moyen, trots mots de transactions a vemr • Organizaci6n lnternacional del Cacao, preceo medto deano, pr6x1mos Ires meses de negoc1aC10n

3 January-May average No quotateons for rest of period • Moyenne Janv1er-ma1 Pas de cours pour le reste de Ia periode • Promedio de enero-mayo Sin cot•zac1ones en el resto

del perfodo.

4 July-December average • Moyenne JUillet--decembre • Promed1o de Julio-dlctembre

SJanuary-September average • Moyenne Janvter-septembre • Promedeo de enero-sept1embre

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant

- ICCO AVG. DAILY PRICE ·-- ICCO AVG. DAILY PRICE

US CENTS/KG 700

600

500

A

f\ 400

I 1 f\ }.

tA ~'.j

1\ I \ 1\ I I v I

'v\ I I VA I

300

200

100 ~

A 1\ I '

7"' 1\) \ I ' 1\ 1\ I IV

\1

90

80

70

60

50

40

30 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975

A

\ ~

1

~~ v

1980 1985

49

COFFEE CAFE CAFE (US cents/kg spot New York) (Cents EU/kg comptant New York) (Centavos EE.UU./kg precio al contado Nueva York)

Year An nee Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

MAMS1

MAMS1

MAMS1

Current $ 1980 Constar1t $ $ courants 1980 S const<1nts $ cornentes 1 QSO S umstantp~

117.5 129.4 125.7 131.8 176.4

142.4 163.1 140.9 115.3

99.7

99.0 96.1 90.0 87.3

107.6

106.9 104.5

92.4 93.9 99.2

124.3 108.7 125.0 159.9 171.5

179.3 347.7 529.6 408.3 404.2

393.7 320.1 327.6 308.2R 324.8

325.8

519.9 495 8 460.4 495 5 678 5

537 4

595 3

503 2 404 6 354 8

345 0 329 0

303 0 299 0 36 ~ 1

355 3 336 0 294 3

301 0 3024

356.2 295 4

312.5 344 6 303 b

285 5 545 8

756 6 507.2

443 2

393.7 318 5 335.7 319.7 343 0

Other Mild Arabtcas2

Autres Arabtcas doux2

Otros Arc\btcas suaves2

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

110.5 129.2 125.7 125.2 170.2

132.9 151.0 134.3 108.7

93.0

92.4 89.5 83.3 80.5

101.0

100.1 92.8 86.4 86.6 87.7

114.6 99.2

110.9 137.3 145.1

144.2 314.6 517.4 358.9 382.5

340.0 282.0 3086 290.2 318.0

307.6

i 980 Constant $ 1080 S constants 1980 $ con<>tantes

488.9 495 0 460 4 470.7 654 6

5015 551 1 479 6 381 4

331 0

322.0 306.5 280.5 275 7

338 9

333.7 298 4

275 2 277 6

267 4

328.4 269.6 277 3

295 9

256 8

229 6 493 9 739 1

445.8 419.4

340 0

280.7 316 2

301 0 335 8

Brazihan3 Bresthen3

Brasileiios3

Current $ ; 980 Constant S $ courants 1980 $constant:;

$ corrientes 1980 s constanteo,

111.3 119.5 119.1 127.7 173.5

125.9 128.1 125.4 106.7 81.6

80.7 79.4 75.0 75.2

103.0

98.6 90.0 83.3 82.5 90.0

120.4 98.8

112.4 1526 161.7

184.9 329.5 679.0 319.8E 388.5

458.3 3866 316.7 314.7 330.0

318.6

492 5 457.9 436.3 480.1 667 J

475.1 467 5

447 9 374 4 290 4

281.2 271.9 252 5 257 5 345.6

328 7 289.4 265 3 264 4

274.4

345 0 268.5 281 0 328 9

286.2

294 4

517 3 970.0 397 3

426 0

458 3 384 7

324.5

326 5 348.5

Angolan4

Angolats4

Angoleflo4

Current $ ; 980 Constdnt S $ courants 1980 $ con~t,mh $ cornentes 1980 S constantcs

91.5 104.9 101.9 108.5 138.9

99.7 84.7 88.6 88.6 67.5

55.8 43.9 47.6 63.3 80.3

69.7 75.0 74.5 75.6 74.1

92.6 94.4 99.0

110.0 129.4

134.6 281.3 493.3 3251 364.8

324.4 226.7 245.0 273.6 304.6

258.7

404 9 401.9 373.3 407 g

534.2

376.2 309.1 316 4 310.9 240 2

194 4

150 3

160 :J

216 8

269 5

232.3 241 2

237 3

242 3 225 9

265 3

256 5 247.5 237.1 229 0

214 3

441 6 704 7

403.9 400 0

324.4 225.6 251.0 283 8 321 7

1Colombien coffees from Man1zales. Armenia and Medellin; from 1973. ICO 1nd1cator pnce for Colombian m1ld Arab1ca • Cales colomb1ens de Manizales. Armenia et Medellin: a part1r de 1973, pnx mdicatif de !'Accord mterna!IOnal sur le cafe pour les Arab1cas doux de Colombie • Cafes colombianos de Manizales, Armema y Medellin: desde 1973. precio indicativa de Ia OIC para el Ar8.b1ca suave Colomb1ano.

21CO mdtcator pnce (arithmetic average of Salvadoran central standard, Guatemalan and Mex1can pnme washed) ex-dock New York for prompt shipment • Pr1x mdJCallf de !'Accord internatiOnal sur le cafe (moyenne arithmebque du salvadonen ··central standard"' du guatemalt8que et du mex1cain lave. qualit€ "prime""). a quaL New York, pour expedition rapide • Prec1o lndicai!VO de Ia OIC (media aritmetica del cafe salvadoreno estandar central. el guatemalteco y el mex1cano lavado de variedad "prime"' en muelle en Nueva York.

para embarque inmediato

3santos 4; from 1973, ICO quotations for Unwashed Arab1ca • Santos 4: a partir de 1973, cotat1ons de I'Accord tnternal1onal sur le cafe pour I'Arabica non lave • Santos 4: desde 1973. cot1zaciones ICO para cafe de espec1e Ar8b1ca s1n lavar.

50

4Ambnz 2AA (Robusta): from 1973. ICO Robusta, anthmetic average of Angola (Ambnz 2M). Ivory Coast (Superior) and Uganda (Native Standard) • Ambnz 2M (Robusta): a partir dr_, 1973, cotations de I' Accord .nternational sur le cafe. moyenne anthm8t1que de I' Angola ('"Ambnz 2AA"'). de Ia COte d'lvo1re ("Superior") et de I"Ouganda ("Nahve Stan­dard" I • Ambriz 2AA (Robusta), desde 1973, Robusta OIC, promed1o aritmet1co de Angola ("Ambnz 2AA"), Costa de Marfil ("Supenor""} y Uganda ("Nat1ve Standard")

Current -- BRAZILIAN

-- OTHER MILOS

2000 US CENTS/KG

1000

900

900

700

A

I' v \

600

500

400

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

r \

Constant -- BRAZILIAN

OTHER MILDS

1n

~ A 300

" '\) v V"'

200

100

90

80

) \ ~ L

... J\ I '- I

\J ~ '-1

70 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975

lA \ ~ \\4

yv

1980

TEA (US cents/kg) London Auction

Year Current$ An nee $ courants

Sn Lankan Sri-lankals

de Sri Lanka

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constant·'

Ana $ corrientes 1980 $ cor,~!CliHPs

1951 118.6 454.4

1952 118.8 435 2

1953 123.7 465.0

1954 163.3 628 1

1955 165.4 624 2

1956 170.3 621 5

1957 149.7 534.6

1958 152.3 534.4

1959 156.4 556.6

1960 153.0 533.1

1961 144.3 494 2

1962 145.6 490 2

1963 134.3 459 9

1964 137.9 462 8

1965 132.7 442.3

1966 132.5 426 1

1967 134.5 428 3

1968 110.0 352.6

1969 109.1 332 6

1970 113.3 324 6

1971 111.1 301.9

1972 114.8 287.0

1973 112.8 243.1

1974 143.6 254 2

1975 139.9 222 8

1976 151.1 237.2

1977 276.7 395 3

1978 221.9 275.7

1979 222.1 243.5

1980 215.2 215.2

1981 204.9 203.9

1982 189.5 194.2

1983 237.0 245.9

1984 336.5 355 3

1985 Jan. -Oct. 204.2

Note. The London Auct1on reopened 1n Apnl1951

THE (Cents EU/kg) Encheres Londres

Northern India lnde du Nord

Norte de Ia lndta

Current 1980 Constant S

$courant:;. 1980 S corstants

$ cornentes 1980 $ constantes

112.8 432.2

92.4 338.5

111.7 418.9

164.6 633 1

163.5 617 0

156.8 572 3

145.6 520 0

151.5 531.6

149.5 532.0

152.3 530.7

143.9 492.8

156.0 525 3

143.4 491 1

140.6 471 8

134.4 448 0

134.1 431.2

136.4 434.4

107.3 343 9

99.6 303.7

112.1 321 2

102.4 278.3

104.0 260 0

111.2 239 7

139.9 247 6

141.5 225 3

160.0 251 2 281.7 402.4

235.0 291.9

230.6 252.9

248.7 248 7

220.7 219 6 198.2 203 1 240.4 249 4

3650 385 4

227.82

Note: Les encheres de Londres ant ete rouvertes en avnl 1951 Nota: La subasta de Londres reanudb sus actividades en aMI de 1951

Current$ $ courants $ comentes

60.5 101.9 154.6

114.8 109.5 105.8 119.6 120.7

131.6 128.5 138.3 125.4 130.8

126.8 129.6 132.5 107.3 106.1

116.6 115.0 108.8 110.3 151.6

146.8 171.3 292.6 240.9 243.0

259.4 220.8 207.2 242.6 365.1

226.7

TE (Centavos EE.UU./kg) Subasta de Londres

Kenyan Average All Tea 1

KEmyen Moyenne generale, the 1

Ken1ano Promedio general. te 1

1980 Constant S Current$ 1980 Constant S

1980 S L.OnS!drliS $ courants 1980 S ( onstants

1980 S cor'staf"!tes $ cornentes 1 ~80 S ccmsta'ltes

112.9 432.6

221 6 94.1 344.7

383 1 112.7 423 7

594 6 162.8 626 2

433.2 154.3 582 3

399 6 149.3 544.9

377 9 136.9 488.9

419 7 141.8 497.S

429 5 140.7 500 7

458.5 142.2 495.5

440 1 136.0 465 8

465.7 137.6 463 3

429 5 130.5 446 9

438.9 132.5 444.6

422 7 129.2 430 7

416 7 125.7 404 2

422.0 126.8 403 8

343 9 104.5 334 9

323.5 97.2 296.3

334 I 109.6 314.0

312 5 105.4 286 4

272 0 105.2 263.0

237.7 105.8 228 0

268.3 140.2 248 1

233 8 138.5 220 5

268.9 153.7 241.3

418 0 268.7 383 9

299.3 218.9 271.9

266.5 215.5 236 3

259.-1 223.1 223 1

219 7 201.7 200 7

212.3 193.2 198 0

251 7 2328 241 5

385 5 345.8 365 2

203.6

1 Averages weighted by volume sold • Moyennes ponderees par le volume des ventes • Promed1os ponderados en tunc16n de los voiUmenes vend1dos

2Excludes July, August and September • Non compns JUIIIIel. aoUt et septembre • No 1ncluye los meses de JUliO, agosto y sepliembre

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant I - AVERAGE ALL TEA -- AVERAGE ALL TEA -- NORTHERN INDIA NORTHERN INDIA

US CENTS/KG 1000

I 900

I 800 ~- . --

l - -

700

I I

"' 800 ~---~-~--- - - --~- - --

1\ I !

500 ,...

~ \ I -+ '-400 v +----· I--~--f--- ~--

300 ,j

\~ ~ ~ 200 ,

f ~~ -

J

H r \J I ~ ~ '

I

100 v ..., 90 -- --

! I

$0 !-----

70 I I 1950 1965 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1985

RICE (US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Ana

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

136.7 144.4 156.3 174.7 157.9

141.5 136.9 137.2 142.3 132.2

124.7 136.5 152.8 143.3 137.7

136.3 163.2 205.8 201.6 186.9

144.0 129.0 147.0 350.0 542.0

363.1 254.5 272.2 367.5 334.2

433.9 482.8 292.9 276.9 252.1

217.1

RIZ ($EU/tonne metrique)

Thai·1

Tha1landais 1

Tailandes 1

')J.l 0

-~99 6 ·190 0 -~99 3 .~-;~ 5

~34 5

':76 2

399 s JBS 9

4:n :-) 480 4 '300 <

:!87 ;' 266 :~

1s% broken, milled, f.o.b. Bangkok • Bt1sures 5"/.,, I o b Bangkok • Quebrantados 5%, f.o.b. Bangkok

ARROZ (US$/tonelada metrica)

Current$ $ courants $ cornentes

184.1

181.8 207.2 205.0 194.0 184.1

179.7 184.1 190.7 187.4 190.7

196.2 201.7 298.7 604.1 438.7

382.5 311.1 459.9 357.4 470.7

498.3 565.0 369.3 380.3 369.3

356.4

United States2 Etats-Un1s2

Estados-Unidos2

1)55 2

633 ~~

709 b

1-)90 2

66<'1 ·+ b. 7 .s

599 c 592 0 607 3

600 6 :J81 -~

:)62 2

548 1

746.8 1 301 9

776 ~

609 1

488 4

657 ()

444 0

:,w 1

498.3

~62.2

378 4 394 5

3>JG C

2Texas medium grain No.2, f.o.b. mill. Marketing year (August-July) average From 1980. Louisiana med1um grain, No.2 • Riz ml-long du Texas No 2, f.o.b usine. Moyenne de Ia campagne (aoUI-JUIIIet). A partir de 1980, riz mi-long du Louisiana, Na 2 • Texas, grano medtano 2a clase, f.o.b molino. Promedto de camparia (agosto-julio) de comercializacion. Desde 1980, Louisiana, grano mediano 2a clase.

52

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant -u.s. ---THAI

2000 1S$JMETAIC TON

1000

900

800

l

.... I/"' I - "' w

700

800

500

I

400

300

,....,_ .... .... ,, 200

j\ ~ ~

1\ ~

100 1950 1955

I J

1960 1965 1970

U.S. THAI

' A

~ ~~ '(~ 'Av

r~ I~ I v \

1975 1980 1985

GRAIN SORGHUM (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee A flo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

1 No 2 M1!0 yellow, I o b Gulf ports • No 2 "Mtlo'

SORGHO ($EU/tonne metrique)

United States 1

Etats-Unts 1

Estados Unidos 1

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

53.3 61.9 65.4 55.4 55.1

48.2 52.0 43.3 43.3 37.9

37.7 42.6 45.6 48.6 48.2

47.2 51.7 50.4 46.5 50.1

51.8 55.7 56.0 93.0

121.0

111.9 105.2

88.4 93.8

108.1

128.9 126.4 108.5 128.8 119.0

104.1

1aune, I o.b ports du Golfe du Mextque • Amanllo Mila'· N'- 2. I o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mextco

SORGO EN GRANO (US$/tonelada metrica)

Current 19BO Ct ·I rstctr: S --us. NO. '980 S (:onstantc;

1 '•SO S u•·•··"'"'"' US$/METRIC TON

235 8 400 ?.37 2

239 6 208 :l 2~ 1 f1

18~ 9 300 189 8 154 6 151.9 134 9

"' 131 4 145 \) 153 5 200 166 4 161 7

157 3 166 2 160 5 149 0 ~ S2 7

148 4 151 4 140 0 200 4 214 2 100

178 2 90 165 2. 126 3 '16 5 80

118 8

70 128 9 - ''-

125 8 t\ ~ 11 2

133 6 60

~\ 125 7

A

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant 2 MILO, YELLOW -- US. NO. 2 MILO, YELLOW

A \

v ~ I ~

i'f " \ \J r

,....._ ~tr 50

\ r v 40

\.. f--.

30 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1985

MAIZE (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee A flo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants $ cornentes

68.6 104.4 105.0 78.5 73.3

81.6 80.7 73.0 58.4 58.4

59.5 59.1 57.3 64.8 66.6

72.8 72.0 58.1 3

60.93

66.1 3

68.9 66.7 71.6

119.3 158.7

154.1 138.9 114.4 132.5 154.8

210.3 181.0 137.4 162.2 167.3

134.44

MAIS ($EU/tonne metrique)

Argentine 1

Argentm 1

Argentmo1

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantcs

303.5 400.0 384.6 295.1 2819

307.9 294.5 260.7 204 9 207 8

207.3 202 4 192.9 221.9 223 5

242.7 231 5 185 0 195.2 201 5

197.4 181.3 179.0 257.1 280 9

245 4 218 1 163 4

164 6 169 7

210.3 180.1 140.8 168.3 176.7

MAIZ (US$/tonelada metrica)

United States2 Etats-Ums2

Estados Unidos2

Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants

$ corrientes 1950 $ cunstantes

68.1 301.3 72.0 275.9

62.6 229.3 60.2 226.3 58.3 224.2

48.8 184.2 51.6 188 3 47.6 170.0 47.6 167.0 46.1 164.1

43.3 150.9 45.9 157.2 51.4 173 1 54.7 187 3 55.8 187 3

55.0 183 3 59.4 191.0 49.9 158.9 49.1 157.4 53.9 164.3

58.4 167.3 58.4 158.7 56.0 140 0 98.0 211.2

132.0 233 6

119.6 190 5 112.4 176.5 95.3 136.1

100.7 125.1 115.5 126.6

125.3 125.3 130.8 130.2 109.3 112.0 136.0 141.1 135.9 143.5

113.3

1 Up to 1969, yellow, La Plata, parcels, c.i.f. Liverpool and London; 1970 onward c.Lf. Rotterdam for 30-60 days delivery. 1973 onward, c.i.f. North Sea ports • Jusqu'en 1969, jaune, La Plata, parcelles, c.a.f. Liverpool et Londres; 8 part1r de 1970, c.a.f. Rotterdam pour !ivraison 30 a 60 )Ours; a partir de 1973, c.a.f. ports de Ia Mer du Nord • Hasta 1969, amarillo, La Plata, fardos, c.Lf. Liverpool y Londres; de 1970 en adelante, c 1 f Ronerdam para entrega de 30 a 60 dias; de 1973 en adelante. c.Lf. puertos del Mar del Norte.

2No. 2 yellow f.o.b. Gulf Ports • No 2 Jaune, f.o.b. ports du Golfe du Mex1que, Etats-Unrs • W 2 amanllo, f.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mexico, Estados Unidos.

3Partly estimated • Estimes part1ellement • Est1mados parcialmente

4Excludes September and October • Non compris septembre et octobre • No 1ncluye los meses de sept1embre y octubre

54

Current ARGENTINE

-- UNITED STATES

500 USWETRIC TON

400

300

200

TOO

90

80

70

60

50

40 1950 1955 1960

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant

1965 1970

ARGENTINE

UNITED STATES

1975 1980 1985

WHEAT (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee A flo --1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

66.9 72.4 72.0 68.0 62.8

61.7 62.8 632 61.4 58.1

59.2 595 59.9 592 63.6

58.1 62.1 61.7 58.4 56.2

57.0 62.1 69.1

136.8 178.0

138.4 122.7

95.5 124.9 156.3

168.3 154.6 132.6 137.3 140.2

127.6

BLE ($EU!tonne metrique)

Umted States 1

Etats-Unts 1

Estados Unidos 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ consiantes

296.0 277 4 263 7 255 6 241.5

232.8 229.2 225.7 215.4 206.8

206.3 203.8 201 7 202.7 213 4

193.7 199.7 196 5 187.2 171.3

1633 168 8 172 8 294 8 315.0

220.4 192.6 136 4 155 2 171 4

168.3 153.8 135.9 142 4 148 1

TRIGO (US$/tonelada metrica)

Canadtan2

Canad1en2

Canadtense2

Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constar"ts $ cornentes 1980 $ constantH'i

69.8 308.9 500 80.5 308 4

84.5 309.5

76.8 288.7

66.5 255.8 400

64.8 244.5

64.6 235.8

62.9 224 6

61.7 216.5

64.0 227 8 300

62.9 219.2

639 218.8

67.0 225 6

669 229.1

70.2 235 6

65.9 219 7

70.4 226.4 200 69.3 220 7

66.6 213.5

64.2 195.7

62.8 179.9

639 173 6

71.3 178 3

147.2 317 2

208.7 369 4

181.3 28R.7

149.1 234.1

115.8 165.4

134.8 167 5

172.4 189 0 100

190.8 190.8 90

196.4 195 4

166.5 170 6 80 169.5 175.8

165.4 174 7

71 169.3

t US No 1 Soft Red Wmter. I o.b AtlantiC ports: pnor to June~ 1974. No.2 SAW • Prem1ere categone EU "Soft Red Winter", fob ports atlant1ques. avant JUin 1974. N~ 2 SAW I 60 • ··soft Red Winter", clase US No 1. fob puertos del Atlant1co: antes de JUniO de 1974. SAW" 2a. clase

2No. 1 Western Red Sprmg, bas1s m store. Thunder Bay. Following mtroductton of new gradmg system m August 1972. th1s grade subStitutes ·'Mamtoba' (Canadian No.1, North­ern) From April 1985. export pnce, St. Lawrence • Prem18re categone. Western Red Spnng" entrep6t Thunder Bay A Ia su1te de l'mtroducron d'un nouveau systeme de call­brage en aoOt 1972. cette quallt8 rem place le ·Manitoba· (Canadian N- 1. Northern). A part!f d'avril 1985, pnx a I exportatiOn. St. Lawrence • "Western Red Spnng·· pnmera clase, base en almacen, Thunder Bay Despues de Ia 1mplantacmn de un nuevo s1stema de clas1ficac16n en agosto de 1972, esta categoria ha sust1tU1do a Ia Manitoba (Canadian No 1, 1 50 Northern). Desde abril 1985, prec1o de exportac16n. St Lawrence

(YEARLY 4VIRAGE)

Current -CANADIAN

-us

US$/METRIC TON

--"\.

\ ~

.

/\

h\ ~ ~

~

/) v -

! I

Constant

~ \

I' r-" '-

CANADIAN

us

A

\ l

!'v' 'VI \ y

~I '

~

!

~

40 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1965

SUGAR (US cents/kg)

Year Annee A no

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

10.98 12.57

9.19 7.52 7.19

7.14 7.65

11.38 7.72 6.55

6.92 5.95 6.13

18.39 12.72

4.45 3.99 4.23 4.19 7.06

8.11 9.92

16.03 20.83 65.39

44.91 25.49 17.90 17.20 21.30

63.20 37.40 18.56 18.67 11.47

8.36

SUCRE (Cents EU/kg)

World, raw1

Mondial, brut1

Mundial, sin refinar 1

1 980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants

198U $ constantes

48.58 48.16 33.66 28.27 27.65

26 94 27 92 40 64 27 09 23 31

24 11 20 38 20.64 62 98 42 68

14 83 12 83 13 47 13 43 21 52

23.24 26.96 40 08 44.89

115 73

71.50 40 02 25 57 21.37 23 36

63 20 37 21 19 02 19 37 12 11

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

9.90 12.99

8.64 7.52

7.85 7.08 7.17

19.69 14.15

5.93 4.89 5.27 518 7.98

952 11.09 17.90 24.01 70.35

48.17 27.56 20.30 19.60 24.17

67.76 41.60 21.11 21.09 14.23

10.90

AZUCAR (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

London, raw2 Londres, brut2

Londres. sin refinar2

1980 Cor~stant S 1980 $ constants

, 980 6 constantes

36 13 46.39 30 32 26 76

27 35 24 25 24 14 67 43 47 48

19 77

15 72 16.78 16 60

24 33

27.28 30 14 44 75 51.75

124 51

76 70 43.27 29.00 24 35 26 50

67 76 41 39 21 63 21.88 15 03

1From 1950 to 1960 quotations refer to New York World Contract No.4. f.a.s. Cuba; begtnnmg 1961. lnternattonal Sugar Council "World" daily pnce. I.a. b. and stowed Canbbean ports • De 1950 a 1960, les cours correspondent au cours Contra! mondtal W 4 de New York, f.a.s. Cuba: a parttr de 1961, cours quot1dien "mond1al" du Conse11 mternational du sucre, f.o.b. et arnmage ports ant1lla1s • Para el periodo de 1950 a 1960, las cotlzac1ones corresponden a prec1os det contrato mund1al No.4 de Nueva York, f.a s Cuba, a partir de 1961. precio "mundial··, ConseJo lnternacional del Azucar, cot1zac1ones d1anas. t.o.b. y est1bado puertos del Canbe

2tnternational Sugar Organization, London da1ly pnce, 1n bulk, c.1.f. UK • Orgamsation mternationale du sucre, cours quot1d1en Londres. en vrac. c a f Royaume-Um • Orgamzac16n lnternac1onal del AzUcar, prec10 d1ano de Londres, a granel. c.i.l. Reina Unido

Current WORLD, RAW LONDON, RAW

200 US CENTS/KG

100

90

80

70 c------

80

50 i\" 40

\ A 30 \....... ~\

\.J 20

~ 10

9 \ 8

_\_ J [\

7 "-I \v \. y

\ 6

s .

4

~ 1950 1955 1960

{YEARLY AVERAGE)

'·

Constant -WORLD, RAW ~'·-"-· LONDON, RAW

/

1 \

( / ~

I '(J

.A 'I

/If v

1\r ~

1965 1970 1975

.·

F,. !::l\

p

I ~;

1980 11185

BEEF (US cents/kg)

Year An nee Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

69.4 75.0 67.0 66.5 66.2

63.2 57.2 61.5 65.3 72.2

73.7 68.2 71.4 66.7 84.1

88.2 102.2 104.1 108.5 122.3

130.4 134.6 148.0 201.1 158.2

132.7 158.1 150.6 213.8 288.4

276.0 247.5 239.0 244.0 227.3

214.8

BOEUF (Cents EU!kg)

Un1ted States 1

Etats-Unis 1

Estados Un1dos 1

~g1<11 CcrY>1an! S 1981) S CS''STJ.n(,

'·180 - U!•'>ti!!1''"'<..

'1()7 1

287 4

24S 4 250 0 ?54 F

238" 208 8 21g 6

229 1

2:.6 9

256.8

24C: 4

228 4

282 2

294 D

328 t 331 s 247 8 372 3

;;n 6

365 E 370 0 433 4

280.G

248 2

215 1

265 6 316 2

276 0

246 3

244 9

253 1

240 c

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

46.2

46.1 40.1 43.0 42.8 44.1

42.6 41.6 33.3 35.7 57.0

72.8 66.2 57.9 51.0 46.5

56.3 80.4

103.8 142.1 148.2

78.5 82.1 95.0 95.7

177.9

219.2 188.1 149.4 144.6 153.03

70.74

CARNE DE VACUNO (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

Argen11ne2

Argentln2

Argentma2

177

; 74 :J 1 ,~F: 4

1 '/l (; 1 ~)n 2

'4CJ j .,,;,, i 1 '~

122 J ~ ,~, 1 .,

;·4~.7

21? 9

~ b-l ~

"•6J :)

14- n

1G1 .1

218: 2S9 ~)

.J!Jb j

?.6.2 3

1 ::~} G

12H 9 -, 38 11fl ')

~ 8::J 1

2 ~ ~ ~-

'fL-:?

1 ~: '3 i:}o 1_,

11mported. frozen. boneless. 90% vtstble lean. f.o b port of entry; as of December 1975. 85% chemtcal lean • Viandes tmponees. congelees. desossees. matgre vtstble a 90"'1o, f.o.b port d'entree, a parttr de decembre 1975. matgre chtmtque a 85% • Carne tmportada. congelada, deshuesada, magro vtsible 90%. I o b puerto de entrada, a parttr de

dtctembre de 1975, magro quimtCO 85°1o

Current -ARGENTINE

--us

500 US CENTSIKG

300

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant

----·-

ARGENTINE

us

•

I~ r r h ~

... 1 \ w ~ ~~ v

200

I~

IV lrL / -- --

: I r ( I 1 -~ --

!"" A I ' ~~

v

v I \ ll t----- - 1 \j

t--· ---

- \[

100

90

80

70

80

50

~ r---- rv-f.-- -- - 1---- ·-40

2F o b untl value of frozen boneless manufactunng beef exports to EEC • Valeur unltatre f o b des exportations de preparatlars de boeuf congelees. desossees en dtreclton de Ia 30 GEE • Valor untlario fob de exportaciones de carne deshuesada. congelada, a Ia GEE

3Nine months' average • Moyenne de neuf mots • Promedto de nueve meses

4May·June average • Moyenne mai-JUm • Promed1o de mayo-JUniO.

20 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

1--

LAMB (US cents/kg)

Year Annee Ana

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

AGNEAU (Cents EU/kg)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

38.1 42.6 56.0 61.6 65.0

65.2 64.7 68.9 63.0 54.0

64.7 52.9 60.2 61.6 69.4

71.7 66.9 64.7 63.6 69.8

70.8 72.5 98.2

138.4 131.0

142.5 154.1 165.1 217.4 237.1

288.6 273.9 237.7 193.1 192.1

183.1

New Zealand1

Nouvelle-Zelande 1

Nueva Zeland1a 1

CARNE DE OVINO (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants

1980 $ constantes

168.6 163.2 205.1 231.6 250.0

·.·

246.0 300 236.1 246.1 221.1 192.2

225.4 181.2

.

202.7 200 211.0 232.9

239.0 215.1 206.1 203.9 212 8

202.9 197.0 245.5 298.3 231.9

226.9 241.9 235.9 270.1 260 0

288.6 272.5 243.6 200.3 202.9

00

9()

80

70

60

&0. 1 Frozen whole carcasses, Smithfield Market. London • Carcasses entieres congelees, marche de Sm1thf1eld, Londres • Conge! ada en canal. mercado de Smithfield, Londres. ·~ ...

" 41).

.

58

(YEARLY AvERAGE)

Current Constant

- NEW ZEALAND -- NEW ZEALAND

lc

1 ~ :_

( v\ ~I ~ ~

v v "" l...

) rJ

)

r -'\ j v ·.

( v v J

j':·

:·

i··

1955 1970 19(5,

BANANAS (US cents/kg)

BANANES (Cents EU/kg)

BANANOS (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

Year An nee A flo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.·Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

13.9 14.0 14.0 14.7 13.3

14.2 13.6 13.8 13.1 12.9

14.4 14.0 13.6 14.5 17.2

21.8 21.5 30.9 30.3 34.6

41.2 42.3 40.6 44.9 41.8

42.2

Ecuadorian 1

Equatorien 1

Ecuatorianos 1

1 cJfi•J ' "il',J,lnt ~

1 Of\( I <;; ! il'''-1clql~

:~·<<· s' ,,rosnntr",

.ttl -i

.)8 I)

.:1 ~ 1

:,o _; 4-1 6

1/3 ·L~

44 c 4::' r:

3') :J

~ 1 ·' JB 0 34 (1

·.~ 1

]C. 1

J.!

31 B

44 1

37 h

3-:-' 9

41 " .~;? I

-+1 ,, 46 6 44.

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

16.1 16.1 16.3 16.3 16.8

16.5 16.8 17.6 16.3 14.6

14.3 13.9 13.2 16.8 17.0

15.9 15.4 15.9 15.3 15.9

16.6 14.0 16.2 16.5 18.4

24.7 25.7 27.5 28.7 32.6

37.9 40.1 37.4 42.9 37.0

39.8

Any Ongm2

Toute origine2

De cualqwer ongen2

108(] s

6:? 3 61 .1

62 9

103

'35 >3

J2 f)

35 8

F9 39 9

38 3 ,14 0

39 1

1c if. Hamburg: begmntng 1977, Central Amencan • C a f Hambourg: a parttr de 1977. bananes d Am€nque centrale • C tl Hamburg: a parttr de 1977, bananas de Centroamer-

2From 1950 to November 1961, Central Amencan tmporter to JObber fob port of entry. 100 lb. sertes. From December 1961. ftrst class green stems from Central Amenca and Ecuador, tmporter to JObber or processor, f.o.b. port of entry, 100 lb. senes up to 1962; from 1963.40 lb. boxes • De 1950 a novembre 1961. bananes d'Amenque centrale, importateur a intermfld1aire, fob port d"entrfle. sflnes de 100 lives A partir de dflcembre 1961. rE!g1mes verts de prem1ere categone provenant d'Amenque centrale et de I"Equa­teur. 1mportateur a 1ntermed1a1re ou cond111Dnnement f.o.b port d'entree: senes de 100 11vres JUSqu en 1962: boftes de 40 livres a partir de 1963 • De 1950 a nov1embre de 1961 centroamencano, importador a diStribuidOr, f.o.b. puerto de entrada en part1das de 100 lbs A part1r de dic1embre de 1961. rac1mos verdes de pnmera clase procedentes de Centroamenca y Ecuador 1mportador a d1stnbwdor o elaborador fob puerto de entrada. hasta 1962 en part1das de 100 lbs. a partir de 1963 ca)aS de 40 lbs

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current -ANY ORIGIN

-- ECUADORIAN

Constant -- ANY ORIGIN

ECUADORIAN I oopus_.ce-NT._~~G----~----~~----~----~----~-----.

701-----~------~----~-----4------+-----~-----t

: \ 1\J

~\ 40 1-----t--+----+-----H--vA--·v~\~f'4F--I---I\

~~--~----+----+----+----+-+~~+----+ J

I

~.------r----~------,_----~------+------r----~

--

10 .. ----~----~----~----~--~----~----~ 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

59

BLACK PEPPER (US cents/kg)

Year Annee A rio

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

POIVRE NOIR (Cents EU/kg)

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

358.0 373.2 338.9 281.8 161.4

98.8 69.4 59.7 57.3 66.8

128.3 100.5 80.7 74.1 85.5

105.6 95.5 84.7 83.3

102.3

126.3 110.5 101.9 127.9 187.2

200.6 196.4 251.5 234.6 211.9

199.4 158.4 155.2 168.9 227.8

368.4

Any orig•n 1

Toute origine1

De cualquier origen 1

1 Bagged, carlots, spot, New York • En sacs. voitures pleines, comptant, New York • En sacos. por vag6n, prec1o al contado, Nueva York.

60

PIMIENTA NEGRA (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

'Y80 Consta"1 :.~

• ~JBO $ con~!an'<-, '~ld(J S constar•tHc

1.584 1

1.429 9

1.241 4

1 059 4

620 8

372 8

253.3 213 2

201 ! 237 7

447 0

344: 27~ 7

253 l' 286 9

352.0 307-

269 8

267 0

311 9

361 9

300 3 254 0

275 7

331 3

319 4

308 J 3!09 3

29' 4 232 I

199 4

157 6 159 [l

175 2 240 b

2000

1000

900

800

700

800

500

400

300

200

100

90

80

70

60

Current

-ANYORIGIN

US CENTS/KG

~

r\ \

' ~

1\ \ \I .....,

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant

-- ANY ORIGIN

1\

1\ I i\ I ~ r lA v v v A I v

\ I \ I \ I \ I \../ v

50 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1965

COPRA AND COCONUT OIL (US$/metric ton)

Copra (Phihpptnes) 1 Copra (Philippines{ 1

Copra {Ftliptnas)

Year Current$ An nee $ courants Aiio $ corrientes

1950 2533 1951 291.6 1952 189.6 1953 234.8 1954 207.0

1955 186.6 1956 181.9 1957 179.1 1958 205.6 1959 248.6

1960 207.0 1961 169.5 1962 1662 1963 185.7 1964 194.3

1965 226.5 1966 184.9 1967 204.2 1968 232.2 1969 202.0

1970 224.9 1971 188.6 1972 140.9 1973 353.1 1974 662.0

1975 256.3 1976 275.0 1977 402.3 1978 470.4 1979 672.7

1980 453.8 1981 378.9 1982 314.2

1983 496.0 1984 710.0

1985 Jan. -Oct. 413.4

''lkL u~·sta:·t ~

''jbc.-' r;:/ISIC!I'b

1?11 (<

1 j17::

o~·~ __,

R82 /'

/~6 ,_l

?().t ~)

663 ~~

f):J9 h

721 4

RR4 7

7r>1 'j

'J8G ~'

559 F 630 (• !35? ['•

7"1 ~, r:

:;94 J

650 '3 :-.t4:

') ·;

!;44 4

""'~ 2 ~ :3~2 3 7Gi r)

' 171 -,-

4(Ji' 1

Ll1

5 74

S84 4 ,'li" (:.

4",J 0

32~ 9

s! 4 0

'·!Ci

COPRA ET HUILE DE COCO ($EU/tonne metrique)

Coconut Oil (Phtlippines/lndonesta)2 Huil~ de coco (Philip~inesllndone~ie~2 Acette de coco (Fthptnasllndonesta)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

292.1 338.1 262.9 339.0 306.2

259.0 264.8 275.0 312.0 378.4

312.0 253.5 251.3 286.3 296.5

347.8 323.8 327.9 399.2 361.2

397.3 370.5 234.2 513.0 998.0

393.5 418.0 578.2 683.2 984.5

673.8 569.9 464.4 729.9

1,154.6

629.4

295 d

-)g--: ('

f, ,_,

11950-63 quotattons are StrattsiBorneo. fair merchantable. c if European ports; 1964 onwards. Philippines. c.t.f European ports • De 1950 a 1963, les cours se rapportent a lnsuhnde/Borneo, qualite loyale et marchande, c.a.f ports europeans: a parttr de 1964. aux Philippines, c a.f. ports europeans • Para el perfodo de 1950 a 1963, las cotizaciones son Straits/Borneo. cahdad ordmana y comerc1able. c.1.f. puertos europeos; a partir de 1964, Filipmas. c 1 I puertos europeos

2Phihppines/lndonesta, bulK, c.i.f. Rotterdam, prior to 1973, White, Sn LanKa, 1% ex-tank Rotterdam • Phllippines.-lndon9sie, en vrac, c.a.f Rotterdam, avant1973, Sri Lanka, blanche, 1%, depart reservOir Rotterdam • Flliplnastlndonesia, a granel. c 1.1. Rotterdam: antes de 1973, Sn Lanka, blanco, 1%, salida dep6s1to Rotterdam

-COPRA

COPRA Y ACEITE DE COCO (US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant

I Current

- COCONUT OIL

COPRA

COCONUT OIL

US$/METRIC TON 3000

2000

1000

7

1\ 1\ 00 v \ I ' I A

['-/ 1\! IV'v '-J

1\ \

900

800

600

500

f\ IJV ~ AI\ I -A v \ ~ v

A (\ I \ /v, ' ' ...J v v \

400

300

200

~-

100 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970

I I

I

~ ~

r~ \ ~/

1 ~

I ~ ~

1975 1960 1985

61

GROUNDNUT MEAL AND OIL (US$/metric ton)

FARINE ET HUILE D'ARACHIDE ($EU!tonne metrique)

Year An nee Aiio

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Groundnut Meal (any origm) 1

Farine d'arachide (toute origine) 1

Harina de mani (cualqwer origen) 1

Current$ 1980 Constant ::;, $ courants 1980 S corstJnts

$ corrientes 1980 S con'>l<mte::-

95.0 420 4 111.0 425 3 98.0 359.0

102.0 383.5 98.0 :J76 9

93.0 350 9

92.0 335 8 85.0 303 6

74.0 259 7

86.0 306.1

84.0 292 7

79.0 270 6

87.0 292 9

91.0 311 6

93.0 3 ~ 2 1

102.0 340 0 95.0 305.5 95.0 3026 90.0 288 5

96.0 2Y2 7

102.0 292 3 98.0 266 3

122.0 305 0 266.0 573 3

174.0 308 0

140.0 222 9

176.0 276 3 218.0 311 ,j

205.0 254 7

211.0 231 4

240.3 240 3 237.9 236 7

189.1R 193.8 200.03 207 5

178.0 188 0

143.34

Groundnut 011 (Nigerian)2 Huile d'arachide (nigeriane)2 Aceite de mani (nigenano)2

Current $ 1980 Constant $ $ courants

$ cornentes

417.5 476.2 363.8 385.8 370.7

288.0 389.3 359.6 275.9 299.6

326.3 330.7 274.5 268.4 315.3

323.8 296.2 283.2 270.7 331.6

378.6 440.7 425.9 546.2

1,076.8

857.0 741.0 852.3

1,079.2 888.7

858.8 1,043.0

584.9 710.9

1,016.7

912.1

1 ~80 S cons1anto, 1 JSO 1 cunstdntes

1,847.4 1.824 5 1.332 6 1.450 4 1.425 8

1.086.8 1.347 8 1.284 3

968.1 1.066 2

1.136 9 1.132.5

9242 919 2

1 oo8 1

1.019 3 902-i 901 9

867.6 1.011 0

1 084 8 1 197 6

1 064 8 1.177 2

1.905 8

1.364 7

1 163 3

1 217 6

1 340 6

974 5

858 8 1.037.8

599.3 737 5

I 073 6

1c.i.f. Hamburg, 50%; from 1978, 48% Indian, c.i.f. Rotterdam; from January 1985, 48150% Argentine • C.a.f. Hambourg, 50%; B. partir de 1978, 48% indtennes, c.a.f. Rotterdam; a partir de Janner 1985, 48150% argentin • C.1 f. Harnburgo, 50%; desde 1978, 48% de Ia lnd1a, c 1 f Rotterdam; desde enero 1985, 48150% argentino

2Nigenan;Gambian/any ongin 3-5°/o bulk, c.i.f. European ports • N•g6naneigambtennettoute origine 3-5% en vrac, c.a.f. ports europeans • Nigeriano, gamb1ano y de cualquier ongen, 3-5%, a granel, c.J.f. puertos europeos

3partly estimated • En partie estimatif • Estimado en parte

4Excludes September • Non compns septembre • No incluye el mes de septlembre.

2000

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

100

90

80

70

HARINA Y ACEITE DE MANI (US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant - GROUNDNUT MEAL GROUNDNUT MEAL

-- GROUNDNUT OIL GROUNDNUT OIL

l A .t

r\ 1\ 1/1 I I .... I

v I v 4 f4

'\ ~~ f-'\,.1 ~ I .&

v \X../ ~ ~ \V~ r\A \ I ~

lA I - ' ../ '-.J -i"oo.

\r / v 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960

62

LINSEED AND LINSEED OIL (US$/metric ton)

GRAINE DE LIN ET HUILE DE GRAINE DE LIN ($EU!tonne metrique)

LINAZA Y ACEITE DE LINAZA (US$/tonelada metrica)

Ltnseed1

Graine de Lm 1

Ltnaza 1

Canadian No 1 Canadtenne W 1 Canadiense No. 1

Year Current$ 1 Y80 C0nstant i-An nee $ courants 1 ~JbU S ,-\:nstanL

Aiio $ cornentes tQSC r c,n-,L~ntf-·::;

1950 165.1 CJQ 0

1951 2053 786 c 1952 184.9 G77 J

1953 142.5 ~:55 7

1954 137.8 ~J3U U

1955 155.4 586 4

1956 174.7 637 6

1957 141.9 506 8 1958 145.2 509 :)

1959 153.8

1960 145.2 505 9 1961 149.6 512 3

1962 148.0 498 3

1963 135.6 464 4

1964 135.9 -~~fi I:.

1965 132.8 11".,.

1966 1279 111 3

1967 137.8 ~)8 ~l

1968 142.9 4co u 1969 1339 408 2

1970 126.4 '){;:: ~,

1971 107.3 29 ~ b

1972 145.0 3G2 ~

1973 319.9 oi:l::-1 J

1974 521.7 ~;},) ·l

1975 338.0 ~38 2

1976 3050 178

1977 271.9 JiJb 1

1978 249.6 '110 1

1979 333.8 366 0

1980 350.9 3~0 q

1981 354.3 1982 298.0 30:1 3

1983 2773 . "8-

1984 2980 J: ~~

1985 Jan. -Oct. 2800

1 Bulle 2112%. c.t f European ports • En vrac. 2.5°/o c.a I ports europeens • A granel, 2112%. c 1 I puertos europeos

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

323.0 423.8 381.9 237.0 180.2

246.6 328.8 270.6 266.2 245.5

257.7 280.5 253.8 212.7 237.0

213.6 191.5 204.2 234.8 237.4

226.5 194.1 206.4 562.4

1,129.2

701.0 546.0 461.9 434.2 639.0

697.1 660.0 519.1 484.6 572.0

648.3

Ltnseed Oil2

Hulle de gratne de Ltn2 Aceite de linaza 2

Argenttne,Any ongtn Argentine ou autre origme

Argentino y de cualquier origen

.. 62:! 8

1 398 9

891 0

o93 •

930 i)

1 200 0

966 .j

934 (1

H919

%06 8:04 c 72H :1

79~ .)

712 J

C<JG.J

/S~ b

723 8

[>49 (i

1 212 :

; (j98 G

: 116?

857 '

659 9 ')39 4 !0{) 7

656 .,

2From 1950 to 1951. quotations are for Argentine. naked. delivered London, from 1952 to May 1957, Argent1ne and Uruguayan bulk, from June 1957 to 1970. Argentine: from 1971, Argent1ne any ong1n, ex-tank Rotterdam • De 1950 a 1951. les cours sont ceux de l'hu1le argentine non raff1nee. rendue Londres: de 1952 a ma1 1957. argentine et uruguayenne en vrac: de JUin 1957 a 1970. argentine: a part1r de 1971. argent1ne ou autre ongme. depart reservo1r Rotterdam • Para el penodo de 1950 a 1951 las cot1zac1ones corresponden a acMe argent1no no ref1nado. entregado en Londres. para el de 1952 a mayo de 1957. a acMe argentino y uruguayo a granel. para el de JUmo de 1957 a 1970. argentino solamente, y a part1r de 1971. argent1no y de cualqwer ongen. sahda dep6srto Rotterdam

3000

2000

1000

900

800

700

600

500

Current LINSEED LINSEED OIL

US$/METRIC TON

1\ lA

\..) LA -"-

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

""

Constant --LINSEED

LINSEED OIL

~

~\ V\ \\J

1\ I \J

"

I ' \

~ \~ A 1\/ r\, 300

- 1/~ ~

'

.. \I r~

'\: v y

~ \._ ./\ v -

200

100 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970

\J w

-

1975 1960 1985

63

PALM KERNELS AND PALM OIL (US$/metric ton)

Palm Kernels (N1genan) 1

Palmistes (mgerians) 1

Pepitas de palma (nigerianas) 1

Year Current$ 1 qso c.,n~;t-l•t s An nee $ courants '•J80 S lur:',tdr11S

Aria $ corrientes , ;JHU S nms!8''1t->-,

1950 188.5 834.1

1951 220.2 843.7

1952 151.0 553 1

1953 176.4 663.2

1954 146.3 562 7

1955 142.5 5377

1956 145.5 531 0

1957 141.1 503.9

1958 154.3 541 4

1959 193.5 688 6

1960 144.4 503 1

1961 136.7 468 2

1962 136.4 459 3

1963 152.9 523 6

1964 150.7 505 c

1965 179.1 ~97.0

1966 155.4 499 7

1967 162.3 'o16 9

1968 176.4 565 4

1969 152.6 465 2

1970 167.6 480 2

1971 145.1 394 3

1972 116.1 290.3

1973 258.6 557.3

1974 464.8 822 7

1975 206.8 329 3

1976 230.0 361 1

1977 326.3 466 1

1978 363.8 ·151 9

1979 500.0 548 3

1980 345.1R 345 i

1981 317.3 315 7

1982 265.0 271.5

1983 365.3 378 9

1984 528.0 S57 6

1985 Jan.-Oct. 325.73

1C.i.f. European ports • C.a.f. ports europeans • C.i.f. puertos europeos.

PALMISTES ET HUILE DE PALME ($EU!tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants

$ comentes

277.0 297.6 293.8 226.5 224.6

240.3 245.8 259.0 232.0 248.0

228.2 232.0 216.3 222.4 239.5

272.5 235.6 223.6 168.9 181.2

260.1 261.1 217.3 377.5 669.0

434.2 406.5 530.0 600.2 653.8

583.5 570.7 445.1 501.4 729.0

525.5

Palm Oil (Malaysian)2

Huile .de palme (malaisienn~2 Ace•te de palma (malas•o)

1.225.7 1 140 2 1.076 2

851 5 863 9

906 8 897 1 925 0 814 0 882 b

795 . 7 94 t'

""'28 3 761 6 BO.i-

908 3 751 6 ~1 ~ •

~4 1 ,j

55L .1

745.?

709 5 543 3

813£ i 184.

691 4 638 2 757 .

745 6 716 9

583 'i 567 9 456 '

520 1 769 8

2c.i.f. European ports, 5%. Price quotations prior to 1955 refer to techmcal otl: from 1955 they refer to edible oil • C.a.f. ports europeans, 5%. Les cours ant8rieurs a 1955 s'appliquent a l'huile industrielle, eta partir de 1955 a l'huile comestible • C.i f. puertos europeos. 5%. Las cotizaciones de precios anteriores a 1955 se refieren a aceite industrial: 1955 en adelante se refieren a aceite comestible.

3Excludes September • Non compris septembre • No incluye el mes de septtembre.

64

1000

900

h 800

700

800

500

400

PEPITAS DE PALMA Y ACEITE DE PALMA (US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant PALM KERNELS PALM KERNELS

PALM OIL PALM OIL

I

A A I

1\ v \ ~\ J ll\ I) f\ ~

N \,... 'rJ v 1\ 1\

\ IJ! 1\

[L ~ hJ ~ ~ ~

~

300

200

100 1950

11\. IJ l) ~ ~ 1955 1960 1985 1970 1975 1960 1985

SOYBEANS AND PRODUCTS (US$/metric ton)

GRAINES DE SOJA ET PRODUITS DERIVES ($EU/tonne metrique)

SOYA Y PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS (US$/tonelada metrica)

Soybeans (US) 1 Soybean 011 (US, Any Ong.n)2 Soybean Meal (US)3 (YEARLY AVERAGE) Grames de SOJa (EU) 1 Hwle de SOJa (EU Toute ongine)2 Farme de soJa (EU)3

Soya (EE.UU.)1 Ace1te de soya {EE.UU CualqUier ongen)2 Harina de soya (EE.UU )3 Current Constant

Year Current$ 'lf!l\ -· 111•':. Current$ ' Current$ '9bf Ll'r''' clr'. S - SOYBEAN OIL --SOYBEAN OIL An nee $ courants $ courants

'"''' ,· .. , '""' $ courants •JW':C:• - SOYBEAN MEAL SOYBEAN MEAL

Aflo $ corrientes ·"·"'' $ cornentes $ corrientes 1 Ui' > ",';c'ic·

1950 114 ."J(Ll 314 ! 95 .\20 2000 US$/METRIC TON

1951 145 375 1 'Ur_, 125 4-;-9

1952 112 1'·'' 380 'lU l 100

1953 119 ~·1' 410 'J4, 108 4()tJ

1954 122 ·lh'-l 333 :;7~ 89 3·12

h 1955 111 J i ':J 294 ~. 1 • 77 :2s:t1

~ 1956 116 "-'~) 339 ; o:.'3f 76 0

V\ 1957 106 3-;'() 306 1 09J 78 ~~ '1 1958 95 :133 254 891 74 2h0

1959 94 3~S 235 tl36 73 ;?()() 1000

\ A I 900 1960 92 J;Ji 225 -84 81 282 '\. 1/\ r\ ~I '\ 1961 111 38(1 287 98-l 97 1'i~' 800 1962 100 J?:· 228 ;61j 89 300 31 \ I \J ~v' I 1963 110 _i,; 224 ..

oc 91 31:' 700

1964 110 36J 205 ')8~1 89 r!99 \I ' A I 600 1965 117 39\ 270 B9cl 97 323 y ,,( \ J 1966 126 . l()_', 262 s.11 . 107 344

1967 112 217 (l:-10 99 31 ') 500 v v 1968 106 .l-1\' 178 98 314

1969 103 ,) 1·1 228 1-19~ 95 ?90

400 ...

1970 117 Tj·· 307 S~h; 104 298 r'\ 1971 126 34: 323 s:e 105 285

1972 140 3"( 270 b7: 129 323 1\ 1\ 1973 290 465 I ()\)/ 302 300 1974 277 ,iq(; 795 , :l()-, 184 '3?fj

\ A.J \I v

1975 220 35U 619 9dn 155 2F rl ~ 1976 231 438 6el' 198 r.<1<

1977 280 .H)( I 576 82:~ 230 3?q

1978 268 607 -;-r,,t 213 2b~ 200 1979 298 662 -

t:'t' 243 2o' v \ I 1980 296 2~lb 597R ""' 262 262

1981 288 .'f!; 507 ~')0~ 253 251 - ~

~

1982 245 447 ~::,t.; 219 224

1983 282 ,'u. ~ 527 '•4 238 ;):Ci

1984 282 -~~,r- 724 ':_i,f 197 ;)oR

~ I) 1985 Jan. ·Oct. 227 594 153 A 100 1 US No. 2, bulk, c 1.1 Rotterdam • EU N 2. en vrac. c.a f. Rotterdam • EE UU No 2. a granel. c.1 f. Rotterdam \ A / """"' 2us, crude. bulk, c 11 Rotterdam, 1950-1975: 1976 onward. crude Dutch. f.o.b. ex-m1ll • EU brute. vrac. c a I Rotterdam.

90 1950 1975. a part1r de 1976. brute. hollandaise. I o b . \ I

sortie moulln • EE UU crudo a granel. c 1.1 Rotterdam. 1950-1975. de 1976 en adelante. crudo Holanda. I o.b en malmo 80

344% c 1 f Rotterdam • 44% c.a.f Rotterdam • 44% c 1 f Rotterdam --v 70

60 i 1---

j c--

50 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965

65

FISH MEAL (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Ana

1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

FARINE DE POISSON ($EU/tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants $ comentes

174

116 131 148 145 161

190 160 134 129 172

197 167 239 542 372

245 376 454 410 395

504R 468 353 453 373

275

Peruvian 1

Peruvienne 1

Peruana 1

1980 Constant S 1980 S constants 1880 .'3 corbtanles

619

404 449 498 497 540

633 515 427 413

524

565 454 598

1.168

658

390 590

649

509 433

504 466 362 470 394

1 For 1959-64, Peruvian 65-70%, c.i.f. Hamburg; from 1965 to August 1972 Peruvran 65%, c.i.f. Hamburg; from September 1972. other origins c &f. Hamburg • De 1959 a 1964, peruvrenne, 65-70%, c.a.f. Hambourg; a partir de 1965 jusqu'en aoUt 1972, peruvienne, 65%, c. a. f. Hambourg; a partlf de septembre 1972, autres ongmes. c.&t Hambourg • Para el periodo de 1959-64, peruana 65-70%, c.i.f Hamburgo; desde 1965 hasta agosto de 1972, peruana 65%, c.i.f. Hamburgo: a part1r de septiembre de 1972, de otros origenes, c. y f. Hamburgo

66

HARINA DE PESCADO (US$/tonelada metrica)

2000

1000

900

800

700

I Current --PERUVIAN

US$/METRIC TON

I

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant -- PERUVIAN I

J\ j_ 1\ ( I '\

800

500

400

300

-

100 1950

I

\

1955 1960

v IV f\Y \h I ~ \

~ N

1965 1970 1975 1980 f985

V. PRICES

V. Prix V. Precios

NON FOODS PRODUITS NON ALIMENTAIRES PRODUCTOS NO ALIMENTARIOS

67

COTTON (US cents/kg)

Year

Umted States 1

Etats-Ums 1

Estados Unidos 1

Current $ · 3SC An nee $ courants · ·m·.: S Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

$ corrientes

92.2 101.4 95.5 80.0 82.9

82.2 64.4 63.5 67.5 58.2

59.7 63.5 63.1 60.4 59.5

59.1 56.4 56.9 62.2 56.2

60.4 71.9 75.8

124.3 130.1

115.5 162.0 145.0 138.9 149.5

187.2 174.5 144.9 159.3 165.6

1985 Jan.-Oct. 141.1

408 0

388 5 349 8

300 3 3H3 ~~

.) i c 2

23.~ 0

226 f\ 235 s 2CI 1

2'J8 Q

:..:' 1 2 5 206 ~

'0'.' -

: ·]":' 0 1,~'

'8: ?

~ ~ =~ ..: < -,

;;-::.

. 95 .-:

:89 :: 2.1)7 ~

16:::; ::-'

c.!S..:! -~

2\·~,- ;

; c3 ·~

j ~ .~ 2

17:; t,

'4t\ -)

'~~ j

1 7._j. Q

COTON (Cents EU/kg)

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

247.8 187.8 116.0 129.0

128.5 1616 137.6

93.7 79.8

108.0 99.4 92.4 92.2

108.0

112.9 110.2 117.5 129.4 139.3

138.0 136.0 143.5 223.8 338.6

285.3 300.9 333.4 295.6E 338.3

337.9 335.1 275.4 307.24

360.8

347.0

Egyptian2

Egyptien2 EgtpC102

· -JPC· S . ,~.~3:ant:o :, ~·11 'o ~,;.r•£ ,

949 4

687 3

·136.1

496:2

-!84 s 589 8

43' 4

'28 8 :?84 ~~

?-6-::

3·-k• 4

3: ~ .

3 1 s 8 JIJ2 ~

376 j

JS4 ~

37 -t 2 ; ' . ~

124

395 4

369 c 358 8

.182 2

')l_i9 3

..l:).l.J

4/?-+

1 ~ti :3

;s:- 2 370 Cj

327 0

333 ~

282 2 .i' a --: :381 r;

ALGODON (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

99.3 137.6 93.8 81.8 84.5

80.2 72.6 72.4 69.2 62.6

65.0 67.1 65.7 64.0 64.2

62.6 60.6 65.0 67.2 60.8

63.2 74.1 79.3

135.5 141.5

116.1 169.1 155.4 157.2 168.9

204.7 184.5 159.7 185.4 178.5

137.0

"A" lndex3

lndice "A"3

Indices "A"3

·139 4

S27 2 :343 6

307 5 32:; fJ

302 0

265 0 258 6 242 8

222 ~

226 3

229 2

.?2' 2 :.: ~ 9 2 . '2 4

208 ;·

'94 g _:1)7 c 2' 5 ~ . 85 -+

1 a i ~

20< 4

i9b 3

292 0

25C· 4

1:34 9

2'55 ')

222 0 1 95:3 1 85::?

204: 13J s "'63 i)

1 92 3 1 88 s

1c.i.f. Liverpool. For 1950-56 middling 15116 1nch; thereafter middling 32 (1 1nch) C.J f N. Europe • C.a.f. Liverpool. Pour 1950-56, les cours se rapportent aux "middling" de 15116 pouce; par Ia suite "middling" 32 (1 pouce), c.a.f Nord de I'Europe • C.1.f. Ltverpool. Para 195D-56, las cotizaciones corresponden a algod6n "middling" de 15116 de pulgada; posteriormente, a algod6n "middling" 32 (1"), c.Lf. Norte de Europa.

2Egyptian, c.i.f. Liverpool. For 1951-62, Karnak Fully Good: beginmng 1963, Menouf1 Fully Good • Egyptlen, c.a.f. Liverpool. Pour 1951-62. les cours se rapportent au Karnak Fully Good: a partir de 1963 au Menoufi Fully Good • Eg1pC10, c.i.f Liverpool Para el periodo de 1951-62, las cotizac1ones corresponden a ''Karnak Fully Good", a partir de 1963, a '"Menoufl Fully Good"

3'"Cotton Outlook'" index, Middling 13.1,32 inch, c.i.l. North Europe • lndice ··cotton Outlook", M1ddhng 13.1,32 pouce, c.a.f. Nord de I'Europe • lndtce de '"Cotton Outlook", Middling 13.1,32 de pulgada, c.i.f. Norte de Europa.

4Excludes October and November • Octobre et novembre non compris • No incluye los meses de octubre y nov1embre.

68

1000

900

800

700

800

500

400

300

200

100

90

90

70

60

Current -EGYPTIAN

-- "A"INDEX

US CENTS/KG

\

\

'A \{ \

\I v

\

A v-~ \ I

~ v ~

\-

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

~

i\ L v

~

Constant EGYPTIAN "A" INDEX

A \ v N ;:; ~ , .

J / ~(\

I A~

1\/ v

IV

50 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

BURLAP (US cents/meter)

Year An nee A no

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. ·Oc1

TOILE DE JUTE (Cents EU/metre)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

24.1 32.7 17.3 13.6 13.1

12.4 11.4 12.0 11.5 11.2

13.2 15.3 15.4 13.6 13.1

16.1 17.1 15.5 15.1 16.5

17.0 19.8 22.5 21.2 29.2

222 19.1 21.9 21.5 29.6R

39.8R 27.4R 26.5R 28.5R 36.6

35.9

Umted States 1

Etats-Un1s 1

Estados Un1dos 1

Ito oz .. 40 inch, spot, New York • 10 onces. 40 pouces comptant New York • 10 onzas. 40 pulgadas. al contado. Nueva York

TELA DE YUTE (Centavos EE.UU./metro)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant '980 Consta'lt S 1880 S t::On'iti1n·,;, -US 10 OZ., 40" -- US 10 OZ., 40"

· 9RO $ con~tar:tc-<;

10tl6 125 3

63 4 51 1

50 4

46 8 41 6

42.9 40 4

39.9

45.u 52 4 :01 9

46.6 44.0

:,3 7

55.0 49 4

48.4 50 3

481'

53 8 56 3 45 7

51 7

35.4

30 0 31 3

26 7

32"

39 8 27 3 27 2

29 E 38 6

US CENTS/METER 20()

~ 100

90

80

70

l " ~ I/\ A

'\I _,.

V' 'vv

60

50

40

~ IJ ~ ~ ~

3()

t1 ,,J v v 20

\ IN v w

1 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975

I • v

1---

1980

JUTE (US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Ai\o

1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

327.7 383.3 244.3 218.0 262.9

294.3 345.0 328.7 317.7 350.5

332.8 345.8 358.8 354.1 415.8

462.2 372.5 410.2 508.7 512.1

490.2 495.1 468.2 426.03

630.8

761.7

JUTE ($EU/tonne metrique)

Bangladesh (White C) 1

Bangladesh (White C) 1

Bangladesh (Blanco C) 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 $constants 1980 $ constantes

1141 8 1.3127

822.6 746.6 882.2

981.0 1 109.3 1.0468 1.0183 1.068 6

953.6 939.7 897.0 763.2 735.9

736 0 584 8 586 0 631 9 561 5

490.2 492.6 479 7 441.9 666 1

YUTE (US$/tonelada metrica)

Bangladesh (White 0)2

Bangladesh (White D)2

Bangladesh (Blanco 0)2

Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes

181.0 696.2

171.2 646.0 219.2 8000

187.4 669.3 154.7 542.8 200.5 713.5

333.1 1,160.6 224.9 770.2 184.6 621.6

179.0 613 0 223.0 748.3

254.0 846.7 306.0 983.9 290.0 923.6

271.0 868.6 286.0 872.0

274.0 785.1

286.0 777.2

299.0 747.5 289.0 622.8 353.0 624.8

371.0 590.8 295.6 464.1

320.9 458.4 398.4 540.0

387.4 424.8

310.0R 310.0 276.0R 2746

285.8R 292.8 302.2 313.5 533.0 562.8

637.5

1 Up to 1967, Export Hearts; c.Lf. Dundee • Jusqu'en 1967, ··Export Hearts"; c.a.f. Dundee • Hasta 1967, "Export Hearts': c.i.f. Dundee.

2F.o.b. Chittagong/Chalna • F.o.b. Chlttagong/Chalna • F.o.b. Ch1ttagong1Chalna

3Excludes March • Mars non compns • No incluye el mes de marzo.

SISAL (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Arlo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

196 198 174 176 223

256 223 251 383 342

223 209 177 161 173

152 170 240 527

1,056

580 469 513 490 707

765 645 593 563 584

532

SISAL ($EU!tonne metrique)

East Afncan U.G. 1

Est-africain U.G. 1

U.G. de Africa Oriental 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants

1980 $ constantes

740 723 621 618 794

892 764 845

1,312 1,148

743 672 564 516 527

436 462 600

1.136 1,869

924 736 733 609 775

765 642 608 584 617

1 C.t.f. European ports • C.a.f. ports europeans • C.1.f. puertos europeos

SISAL (US$/tonelada metrica)

Kenyan/Tanzanian, No. 32 K8nyen;Tanzanien, W 32

Kemano,Tanzaniano, No. 32

Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants

$ cornentes 1980 $ constantes

384 1.699 632 2 422 436 1 597 257 966 239 919

221 834 216 788 198 707 199 698 246 875

272 948 246 843 275 926 396 1,356 357 1,198

241 803 221 711 185 589 175 561 179 546

156 447 180 489 246 615 535 1 '153

1,079 1,910

694 1.105 503 790 549 784 521 647 737 808

787 787 687 684 622 637 644 668 652 689

629E

2C.1 f. London. Prior to 1960. East African No.1 • C.a.f Londres. Avant 1960, Est-afncam N" 1 • C.i.f Londres. Antes de 1960. Afnca Onental No 1

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current -KENYAN/TANZANIAN

- EAST AFRICAN

Constant KENYAN/TANZANIAN EAST AFRICAN

3000 US$/METRIC TON

~ 1000

' J 900

\ r v \ 800

\ \ ~~ 700

~

I \ ·~ 1¥ 600 11

" I v

~ 500

'V v 400

~ 300

\ ~ ~ ~ 200 ~

\J ~ I

100 .. ----~----~----~----------~----~--_. 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

71

WOOL (US cents/kg)

Year An nee Afio

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

LAINE (Cents EU/kg)

Current$ $ courants

$ comentes

282.7 396.6 195.2 228.7 238.2

220.9 213.5 255.4 183.9 189.8

196.0 194.4 193.2 227.1 236.9

198.0 218.4 187.6 171.3 162.5

146.4 137.4 240.1 513.5 367.1

274.1 340.9 357.8 375.3 442.8

460.1 427.5 392.6 363.82

365.93

360.74

LANA (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

New Zealand 1

Nouvelle-Zelande 1

Nueva Zelandia 1

1980 ConsiO.fll $ 1980 $ const.wts

1 ~)80 $ const<1nte::.

1.250 9

1,519 5

715 0 859.8 916 2

833 6

779 2

912 1

645 2

675 4

682.9 665.8 650 5 777 7

790 0

660 0 702 3 597.5 549.0 495.4

419 5

373 4

600.3 ~ .106 7

649 7

436 5 535 2

511 1

466 2

485.5

460 ~

425 4

402.3

377 4

386.4

1crossbred. 56's, clean basis, Dominion Auction, c.i.f. UK • Croisee. 56, base nettoyee, encheres Dominion, c.a.t. R.U • Cruzada, 56, base hmpia, subasta Dom1n1o, c.i.f. Reina Unido.

72

2Excludes May and July • Non compns ma1 et juillet • No incluye los meses de mayo y JUho

3Excludes July • Non compns JUIIIet • No incluye el mes de JUho

4Excludes April, May and July • Non compris avril, ma1 et JUillet • No mcluye los meses de abril, mayo y JUliO.

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant

- NEW ZEALAND -- NEW ZEALAND

USCENTSIKG 2000

~

1000 t

I (\

" v

900

800 t v

700 t \ (\

t 800

t 5QO

400 I

300 t

,(' )! 200

100 1960 1955

v -....J r\ \ \

·~

(\ V\ v r"--1

\ N

1960 1965 1970

" ~r i\ \II ~

f

1975 1960 1985

NATURAL RUBBER (US cents/kg)

Year An nee Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

85.7 130.7 72.8 51.2 52.0

86.4 73.6 67.1 60.4 77.4

82.7 63.7 59.9 56.0 53.0

55.2 51.0 44.0 41.4 55.4

44.9 36.8 37.3 77.7 77.3

66.5 86.8 91.1

105.2 128.6

148.8 114.5

87.8 114.3 102.6

83.42

London Market 1 ·2

Marche de Londres 1 .2 Mercado de Londres t,2

'CJf,•' ~._·,v

1 ~jfj(, $ '

2BH f ?JJ r,

'c

?88 ~

.<. -

i64 c

1 ::lb 8

10s cl 136 ·:

130 1

~ 30 7

90 C•

i 1 H f 1 C.t' 3

1 ASS 1, spot pnce • ASS 1, comptant • ASS 1, precio al contado

2From 1983, c.1.f London • A partir de 1983, c.a.f Londres • Desde 1983, c i.f. Londres

3January-September average • Moyenne JBOvler-septembre • Promedto de enero-sept1embre

CAOUTCHOUC NATUREL (Cents EU/kg)

Current$ $ courants

$ comentes

91.3 133.8 85.5 53.4 52.0

86.4 75.4 68.8 61.9 80.7

84.2 65.0 63.1 57.8 55.6

56.7 52.0 43.9 43.7 57.8

46.3 39.9 40.1 78.5 86.9

65.9 87.3 91.7

110.7 142.4

162.4 125.2 100.2 123.8 109.6

92.7

New York Mark.et1

Marche de New York 1

Mercado de Nueva York 1

-,',If,

2?2 t)

19F C

: f',fl !_)

ih9 \_1

13:_ ;

·,os :

i:J4 Q

· Sb 1

Current

CAUCHO NATURAL (Centavos EE.UU./kg)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant - LONDON MARKET

-- NEW YORK MARKET

LONDON MARKET NEW YORK MARKET

600 US CENTS/KG

600~ ~--+----+------r------r----~r-----+------+------1

'\,...

~ \t--~ ~ I j ~

100~--~--+---+---44~+-~~~~~~

00 ~~\---A~--+----r---A-+~(-+~~

~.-~--~~--~~----,_ ____ ~--~~++-----+----~

7o ~-----~~-----~\_,_(--++-\ -----+----+-----IH---v~~/---+---1 60 1----1---H-___.__\J ~~~--+----+--+--+-------1

bl ~, ~ 50 ~----+-----~\J~'l-+-+--------+----1

~~--+---~---r--~u~-+---4--~

v

~ .. ----~----~----~----~----~--~----~ 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

LOGS (US$/cubic meter)

BOIS EN GRUMES ($EU/metre cube)

TROZAS (US$/metro cubico)

74

Year Annee Aiio

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

25.3 24.4 23.5 22.4 26.4

29.0 30.0 32.9 32.1 27.4

31.7 33.3 35.6 36.5 35.2

37.2 38.0 37.6 65.6 78.6

59.3 79.6 89.8 91.8

160.2

192.9 144.6 145.2 135.2 151.0

129.7

Ph1hppines 1

Philippines 1

de Filipinas 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantes

95.5 89.1 83.9 78.6 94.0

1011 102.7 110.8 109.9 92.0

105.1 107.1 113.4 117.0 107.3

106.6 103.3

94.0 141.4 139.1

94.4 125.0 128.3 114.0 175.7

192.9 143.9 148.8 140.3 159 5

West African2

Quest-africain2

de Afnca Occidental2

Current$ 1980 Constant$ $ courants 1980 $constants $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes

36.0 131.4 33.2 118.6 33.2 116.5 29.5 105.0

34.8 121.3 39.3 134.6 37.5 126.3 39.1 133.9 39.5 132.6

39.5 131.7 38.0 122.2 37.5 119.4 42.0 134.6 49.6 151.2

43.0 123.2 44.5 120.9 52.5 131.3

133.6 287.9 120.5 213.3

126.6 201.6 142.3 2234 158.8 226.9 191.3 237.6 211.5 231.9

251.6 251.6 212.8 211.7 175.9 180.2 160.8 166.8 175.6 185.4

168.9

1 Lauan for plywood and veneers, length over 6.0 m, d1ameter over 60 em, average wholesale pnce in Japan • Lauan, bois centre-plaque au de placage, longueur 6 m ou davan­tage par 60 em ou davantage de diam8tre. prix de gros moyen au Japan • Lauan. para madera contrachapada y chapas, mas de 6,0 m de largo, prec1o media al por mayor en el Jap6n.

2Sapelli, high quality, f.o.b. Cameroon • Sapelti, loyal et marchand, f o.b. Cameroun • Sapelli, buena calidad, f.o.b. CamerUn.

PLYWOOD (US cents/sheet)

Year An nee Alia

1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

BOIS CONTRE-PLAQUE (Cents EU/feuille)

Current$ $ courants $ comentes

83.3 64.7

61.1 73.6 80.0 79.4 84.4

103.1 81.8 95.4

188.8 152.7

121.6 147.8 165.1 189.5 262.5

273.8 244.7 232.5R 229.8 227.0

206.1

Ph1hppmes 1

Ph1hppines 1

F1hpmas 1

1980 Constant$ 1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantes

285.3 2171

203.7 236.7 254.8 254.5 257.3

295.4 222.3 238.5 406.9 270.3

193.6 232.0 235.9 235.4 287.8

273.8 243.5 238.2 238.4 239.7

1Lauan. 3-ply, extra 91 em x 182 em x 4 mm. wholesale pnce Tokyo spot • Lauan. trois €paisseurs. extra. 91 em ' 182 em x 4 mm. prix de gros. Tokyo comptant • Lauan. Ires capas. extra, 91 em x 182 em x 4 mm, prec1o al par mayor. al contado. Tokio

MADERA CONTRACHAPADA (Centavos EE.UU./Iamina)

r-•·•··>, " ~ c,' ~

PHILIPPINE

·IJIIOt---t------t---t---+-f-t--+---+----1

I -·. ·'

'

~·:;,l ----

.'9,tr. I I ' ,:, ' ) v ·iiit \ ..

\ ( ··:...

flo

,,

75

SAWNWOOD (US$/cubic meter)

Year An nee Aflo

1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct

BOIS DE SCIAGE ($EU/metre cube)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

74.3 68.0

84.9 68.6 71.8 76.5 82.5

81.4 73.1 76.9 84.1 90.2

92.9 92.5

109.5 156.1 143.1

166.4 168.1 154.1 205.4 339.1

365.1 314.1 302.0 304.3 306.8

276.1

Malays•an1

Malaisien 1

Malasio1

'c:',_·

1 Dar1< red Merantr, standard densrty, c.1.f. French ports • "Merantt'' rouge fonce. denSite noriT'ale, c. a. f. ports franc;ais • "Merantl'' rojo oscuro, dens1dad normal, c.i.f., puertos frances as.

76

MADERA ASERRADA (US$/metro cubico)

400

300

I Current

-MALAYSIAN

US$/CUBIC METER

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant -MALAYSIAN

}

v v \f ~v ~ 200

100

90

80

70

60 1950 1955

N ~

j

J.l ,.. I

\ ,; rv 1 ..

1960 1965 1970 1975

I ~ l

1980 1985

TOBACCO (US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Ano

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

TABAC ($EU/tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

677 642 756 747 666

631 659 750 695 816

807 697 783 681 787

688 893 871 979 944

988 970 962 962

1,280

1,517 1,411 1,670 1,690 2,130

2,300 2,350 2,410 2,245R 1,990

2,000E

lndian1

lndien1

lndio1

1 Export unit value of flue-cured • Valeur umtaire a I' exportatiOn du tabac seeM a l'a1r chaud • Prec1o unitario de exportaci6n, curado al humo

TABACO (US$/tonelada metrica)

'':18' ~ ~nsldr~:

1 'JHO ':li const3n1s 1 'l/-}( f. C""'O,!d~>l·-"

:' 996

2 ·~60 .2 ·:b9

;~,BOS

? f79 2 439

2 9C4

:._'.3t!7

2.77!

2.831

2.63~

2.405 2.07'3

L'.26E

?.-P6 2 21~

2 386

2.099

2.33t~

~: JOD

:'.338 2 469

:::_ iC"'

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant

-INDIAN, FLUE-CURED -- INDIAN, FLUE-CURED

~·USMM~-ET--R~IC~T·O·N--~------~----.-----~----~-----.

ooo.------+------,_----~------~------~----~------1

~·w ...... 19~sa ...... 1~960 ...... 1.96~5 ..... 1.9~7o ...... 19~7.5 ..... 19~oo .... ..11985

77

V. PRICES

V. Prix V. Precios

FUELS, METALS, AND MINERALS CARBURANTS, METAUX, ET MINERAUX COMBUSTIBLES, METALES, Y MINERALES

78

COAL (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

CHARBON ($EU/tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

8.94 9.63 9.72 9.25 8.97

9.38 10.59 11.03 10.74 10.34

10.00 10.06 10.08 10.06 10.14

10.22 10.24 10.57 10.80 11.48

14.77 17.35 19.16 20.90 44.52

54.27 53.56 54.26 55.74 56.50

55.70 58.05R 56.40R 57.47R 57.77

55.822

CARBON (US$/tonelada metrica)

Un1ted States 1

Etats-Un1s 1

Estados Umdos 1

1980 Constant $

1980 $ constants 1980 $ constantes

39 56 36 90 35.60 34 77 34.50

35 40 38.65 39 39 37 68 36 80

34.84 34 45 33.94 34.45 34.03

34 07 32 93 33.66 34 62 35 00

42 32 47 15 47 90 45.04 78 80

86 42 84.08 77.51 69.24 61 95

55.70 57 76 57 79

59.62 61.00

1 Bituminous, export unit value, f.o.b. US ports • Bitummeux. valeur untlaire a !·exportation, f.o.b. ports des Etats-Unts • Bttuminoso, valor unttano de exportaciones, f.o b. puertos de Estados Untdos.

2January-September average • Moyenne J8nvter-septembre • Promedto de enero-septlembre

(YIIAALY AVEIIAGII)

Current Constant

- U.S. BITUMINOUS -- U.S. BITUMINOUS

US$/METRIC TON 90

/~ 80

\ 70

\ ~ flO

~ ~ 50

I V'J 40

I

"' ~ ~ ..._...._

30

20

I N

10

9 ~

-

8 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

79

PETROLEUM (US$/barrel)

Year An nee Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953

1954

1955 1956 1957 1958

1959

1960 1961

1962 1963

1964

1965 1966

1967 1968

1969

1970 1971 1972

1973 1974

1975

1976

1977 1978 1979

1980 1981

1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Saudt Arabian

PETROLE ($EU/baril)

(OPEC Marker Crude) 1

Saoudien (Brut de reference OPEP) 1

De Arabia Saudita (Crudo de referencaa de Ia OPEP) 1

Current$ '980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 S constants

$ corrientes 1980 S ~-onstantes

1.7 7 5 1.7 6.5 1.7 62 1.8 68 1.9 73

1.9 12 1.9 69 2.0 ; 1

2.1 7 4

1.9 68

1.9 f c 1.8 G 2

1.8 6 1

1.8 f. 2

1.8 GO

1.8 0 0 1.8 58 1.8 ·:J 7

1.8 58 18 55

1.8 ~ 2 2.2 60 2.5 6 3 3.3 7 1

9.6 ,- 0

10.5 ~ 6 7

11.5 ~ 8 1 12.4 1 7 7

12.7 1 s 2 17.3 ·,g 0

29.4 29 ·~

33.2 33 G

34.0 3·18 29.5 30 6

29.0 30.6

28.1

PETRO LEO (US$/barril)

Wetghted Average OPEC Crude2

Moyenne pondEm3e brut OPEP2

Crudo de Ia OPEP. promedio ponderado2

Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants $ cornentes 1980 S cun~tantes

1.7 7 5

1.7 65 1.7 62 1.8 68 1.9 7.3

1.9 72 1.9 69

1.9 6.8

1.8 63 1.6 "7 1.5 5 ~ 1.5 s 1

1.4 ·1 7 1.4 48

1.3 4 4

1.3 43 1.3 ..:.2

1.3 .11

1.3 4 2 1.3 4 0

1.3 3.7 1.7 4(i

1.9 -l 8 2.7 0 8

11.2 19 8

10.9 1 ~ J

11.7 18 4

12.8 18 3

12.9 16.0

18.6 20 ·1

30.5 30 5 34.4R 34 2

33.2 34 0 29.1 30 2 28.5 30.1

27.8

1L1ght Crude oil, 34°-34 go API gravity, f.o.b. Ras Tanura Posted or tax reference pnces unti11973; from 1974, official selling prices • P9lrole brut Ieger, 34"-34,9° API, f.o.b. Ras Tanura. Pnx aff1ches ou prix de reference fiscal JUSqu·en 1973; pnx de vente officials a partir de 1974 • Petr61eo crude liviano. 34° a 34,9° de dens1dad API. f.o.b. Ras Tanura. Prec1os de referenda a precios para 1mpuestos hasta 1973: desde 1974, prec1os of1ciales de venia

2Light Crude Oil, 34°-34 9" API gravity, average realized pnce, f.o b. Ras Tanura unt1l 1973; from 1974, weighted average official selhng prices f.o.b. from OPEC countnes • Petrole brut 19ger, 34°-34,9C" API. pnx moyen effectif. I o b. Ras Tanura jusqu'en 1973: a partir de 1974, moyenne ponderee des prix de vente oftic1els f.o.b. pays de I'OPEP • Petr61eo crudo liviano de 34°-34,9° de dc"~•rlad API. prec1o medio efectivo, f.o.b. Ras Tanura hasta 1973; desde 1974, promedio ponderado de precios of1c1ales de venta f.o.b., de pafses de Ia OPEP.

80

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant - OPEC MARKER -- OPEC MARKER

- WTD. AVG. OPEC WTD. AVG. OPEC

f\. so ......

20

~~

~V 10

9

8

1 ro .A.

~v - ' / 1\.._

~ v 5

4

3

·~ .A 2

v \ I ~

1 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS1

(US$/metric ton) PRODUITS PETROLIERS1

($EU/tonne metrique)

Year Annee Ana

1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. ·Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

30.5 26.1 19.5

21.3 25.1 30.4 87.8

131.1

120.3 137.9 131.6 160.0 335.0

358.0 354.1 323.6 283.2R 257.4

255.4

Gasoline2

Essence2

Gasolina2

61 ('

68 2 7€

139 2

~3:.:: l:

:g· ' )1()

'nb 1)

1!!8 8

367::

J'Jd I

3:;.c ,\

3:'1 '··

E

European Europeans Europeos

Jet Fuel Kerosene Kerosene pour moteur a react1on

Kerosene para motores de reacci6n

28.3 c·

34.5 9:::3 r:'

31.3 -s .1

90.7 106.7 1i),') ~

113.2 119.6 ; 8-;';)

129.5 ~=--· 146.2 18' '· 350.3 : ,;~.:j.

349.3 34~:!

335.4 333 --

322.4 277.6 ~-t-\b ~-

261.6 2-,

260.1

Current$ $ courants $ cornentes

24.5 25.7 20.2

25.8 30.5 26.8 83.6

103.3

100.0 107.4 117.8 128.6 310.9

307.1 298.7 289.7 248.2R 238.3

235.7

1 Barges, f.o.b. Rotterdam • Barges, f.o.b. Rotterdam • En gabarras, f.o.b. Rotterdam

Gas Oil3

Gazole3

Gas61eo3

2Regular gasoline, 91/92 octane • Essence ordmaire, tndice d'octane 91 '92 • Gasohna ordinaria, fndice de octano 91·92

3Minimum 53 diesel index • lndice d1esel minimum 53 • lndice d1esel 53 mfnfmo

4Heavy, 3.5% sulphur • Lourd, 3,5% de soufre • Pesado, con 3,5% de azufre.

-~ 9

sz 0

s-· \ 1 ec ~

:.t ,.

-:.:·

1';

]';,17 L

?Q(_-.:?

?S I ~-· ..

Fuel 0114

Fuel oil4

Petr61eo residual4

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

18.5 15.1 14.1 28.7 69.5

62.1 68.5 76.2 75.7

133.6

170.2 183.5 164.0 163.4R 178.2

153.3

-~ 1

b•

. 23 c

98 '·

OH" ~::;4 c

-...:.(:"_

-,;ll

·t:.=.t

·~,:

Current -GASOLINE

- FUELOIL

400 US$/METRIC TON

300

200

100

90

80

70

80

50

20

I

PRODUCTOS DE PETROLE01

(US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

constant GASOLINE FUEL OIL

A lA v

Dl\ \

A_;

';J/ t

\ \ \ I r \ v 1\V

\ I ...

~

10 1950 1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

81

ALUMINUM ALUMINIUM ALUMINIO (US$/metric ton) ($EU/tonne metrique) (US$/tonelada metrica)

European Market 1 London Metal Exchange2 New York Market3 Marche european 1 Bourse des metaux de Londres2 Marche de New York3

Mercado europeo 1 Balsa de Metales de Londres2 Mercado de Nueva York3

Year Current$ 1980 Constant $ Current$ 1980 Constant $ Current$ 1980 Constant $

An nee $ courants 1980 $ constants $ courants 1980 $ constants $ courants 1980 $ constants

Aflo $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes $ corrientes 1980 $ constantes

1950 390 1,726

1951 419 1,605

1952 428 1,568

1953 461 1,733

1954 480 1,846

1955 522 1.970

1956 530 1,934

1957 560 2,000

1958 490 1.719 547 1,919

1959 486 1,730 545 1,940

1960 500 1.742 573 1,997

1961 470 1.610 561 1,921

1962 435 1,465 527 1.774

1963 444 1,521 499 1,709

1964 493 1.654 523 1.755

1965 489 1,630 540 1.800

1966 479 1,540 540 1,736

1967 484 1.541 551 1.755

1968 457 1,465 564 1,808

1969 581 1.771 599 1,826

1970 540 1,547 633 1,814

1971 435 1,182 639 1,736

1972 432 1,080 582 1.455

1973 663 1.429 551 1,188

1974 944 1,671 752 1,331

1975 690 1,099 877 1,397

1976 862 1,353 978 1.535

1977 991 1.416 1,132 1.617

1978 1,045 1,298 1,170 1,453

1979 1,520 1,667 1,602 1,757 1,310 1,436

1980 1,730 1.730 1,775R 1,775 1,534 1,534

1981 1,338R 1.331 1,263R 1,257 1,676 1,668

1982 1,061 1.087 992R 1,016 1,676 1.717

1983 1,495 1,551 1,439R 1,493 1,712 1,776

1984 1,371 1,448 1,251 1,321 1,786 1.886

1985 Jan. -Oct 1,119 1,050 1,786

1 New series. U.S. shipments, minimum 99.5%, c.Lf. Europe • Nouvelle s9rie. Embarquement Etats-Unis, minimum 99,5%, c. a .f. Europe • Nueva sene. Embarques de los EE.UU., 99,5% minima, c.U. Europa.

20tflcial f'TlOrning sess1on prices; average bid;asked price; mmimum 99.5% • Prix offic1els seance du matin; moyenne cours acheteur'cours vendeur. minimum 99,5%, • Precios oficiales, sesi6n de Ia manana; 99,5% mfnfmo. promedio de precios de venta y de compra

3For 1950-59. pnmary pig; 1960 onwards unalloyed ingot. 99.5%, producer list pnce • Pour 1950·59. saumon primaire: a patt~r de 1960. !ingot tnalh9, 99,5%, prix de producteur • Para 1950-59. hngote primario; de 1960 en adelante. lingote sin aleaci6n. 99.5%, precio del productor

82

BAUXITE (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Ana

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

BAUXITE ($EU/tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50

7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50

7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50

7.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00

12.00 12.00 12.00 12.50 23.20

25.30 27.20 30.80 34.30 36.60

41.20 40.00 36.00 34.70 33.20

31.50E

Jamaican1

Jamatquatn 1

JamatqUina 1

BAUXITA (US$/tonelada metrica)

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants

1980 $ constantes

33.19 28.74 27 47 28.20 28.85

28.30 27.37 26 79 26.32 26.69

26.13 25.68 25.25 25 68 25.17

25.00 38.59 38.22 38.46 36.59

34.38 32.61 30.00 26 94 41.06

40.29 42 70 44.00 42.61 40.13

41 20 39.80 36.89 36.00 35.06

1 US import reference price based on imports from Jamatca • Prix de reference des importations des Etats-Unis base sur Ia bauxtte importee de Jamaique • Precto de referencta en los Estados Unidos basado en importac1ones de Jamaica

Constant

--JAMAICAN

~ I I

115$ t$65 tHO 1S75 1980 1U5

83

COPPER US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Ai'lo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

493 607 715 664 686

968 906 605 545 655

677 633 644 646 968

1,290 1,530 1,138 1,241 1,466

1,413 1,080 1,071 1,786 2,059

1,237 1,401 1,309 1,365 1,985

2,183 1,742 1,480 1,592 1,377

1,425

CUIVRE ($EU!tonne metrique)

London Metal Exchange 1

Bourse des metaux de Londres 1

Balsa de Metales de Londres 1

2. I H ~

'1f.l

J.:s

'j-)

':.1

1 Electrolytic Wlrebar. settlement pnce • Cuivre electrolytlque, "settlement price" • Cobre electrolitico. "settlement pnce"

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

468 534 534 635 655

827 922 652 568 687

707 660 675 675 705

772 797 843 923

1,048

1,272 1,134 1,116 1,298 1,690

1,401 1,517 1,451 1,444 2,034

2,257 1,846 1,607 1,716 1,472

1,445

COBRE (US$/tonelada metrica)

New York Market2 MarchC de New York2

Mercado de Nueva York2

2 071 :? (1<16

'.956 2 . .38.7

:,J.·

''_<:

2Eiectrolyt1c wirebar, domestic refinery producer price • CUivre 81ectrolytique, raffinene int9rieure, pnx de producteur • Cobre electrolitico, refineria interna, precio del productor.

84

current LME

--NY MARKET

US$/METRIC TON 6000

5000

4000

VJ ,r u ~

3000

2000

1000

~ 111

900

800

.. /'P ~t ~ u l

700

600

500

400 1950 1955 1960

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant LME NY MARKET I

~ " JV f',

\

\J

lA ~ l \ ~ ~~ ~v: ~

J I

I v

J

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

PLOMO LEAD (US$/metric ton)

PLOMB ($EU/tonne metrique) (US$/tonelada metrica)

Year An nee Ailo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

293 446 372 252 265

292 321 266 201 195

198 176 154 174 278

317 262 229 240 289

304 254 302 430 593

417 445 618 662

1,208

906 727 546 425 443

391

London Metal Exchange 1

Bourse des metaux de Londres 1

Balsa de Metales de Londres 1

~ 36J

59(i

93~

1 u;-,' H4c.'

1 05(1

90(:

jJ'

Current$ $ courants

$ conientes

293 386 363 297 310

334 353 323 267 269

263 240 212 246 300

353 333 309 291 329

344 304 331 359 497

475 509 677 742

1,161

935 806 562 478 563

421

New York Market2

March€! de New York2

Mercado de Nueva York2

1 Soft pigs, 99.97% purity, settlement price • Mou. en saumons. pur a 99.97%, settlement price" • Suave en galapagos. pureza 99,9]0;0, settlement price·

2p,g, desilvenzed. domestiC producer price • En saumons. d9sargente. pnx intEmeur a Ia production • En galApagos. desplatado. precio nac1onal del productor

~)b[\

' 1 ")4

q·,;

~ l ' ,'

" 7 ,., b~:-1

' lJ(',,

q.q 1

')~'' ~·.!·-

:}) __

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant LME LME

NY MARKET NY MARKET

US$/METRIC TON 2000

~ 1000

900

800

700

600

I '\ A v \ /I\ i

\ \ r I f\ \ \/ \) I

~ {'

I

v 500

400

300

~ I

~ ~ 1':\/ / M

l!l \~ \)j 'V v 200

100 1950 1955

._

'v

1960 1965 1970 1975

I ~

1980 1985

85

TIN (US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Ana

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.·Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ comentes

2,055 2,976 2,658 2,014 1,981

2,044 2,171 2,080 2,026 2,164

2,196 2,447 2,471 2,507 3,408

3,893 3,574 3,331 3,126 3,428

3,673 3,501 3,770 4,828 8,201

6,870 7,582

10,762 12,908 15,458

16,775 14,159 12,826 12,988 12,273

11,945

ETA IN ($EU!tonne metrique)

London Metal Exchange 1

Bourse des m9taux de Londres 1

Balsa de Metales de Londres 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants

1980 5 constantes

9.093 11.402 9.736 7.571 7.619

7.713 7.923 7.429 7.109 7.701

7.652 8.380 8.320 8.586

11.436

12.977 11.492 10.608 10.019 10.451

10.524 9 514 9.425

10.405 14.515

10.940 11.903 15.374 16.035 16.950

16.775 14.089 13.141 13.473 12.960

EST ANO (US$/tonelada metrica)

New York Market2 MarcM de New York2

Mercado de Nueva York2

Current$ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ conslanls

$ cornentes 1980 $ constantes

2,106 9.319

2,802 10,736

2,656 9.729 2,113 7,944

2,025 7.789

2,089 7.883

2,236 8.161

2,122 7,579

2,097 7,358

2,250 8.007

2,236 7.791

2,498 8.555

2,528 8,512

2,572 8.808 3,474 11,658

3,929 13,097

3,617 11,630

3,383 10,774

3,266 10.468

3,627 11.058

3,841 11.006

3,689 10.025

3,913 9.783

5,016 10.810

8,736 15.462

7,492 11.930

8,373 13.144

11,786 16.837

13,880 17.242

15,702 17.217

18,651 18.651

15,928 15,849

14,416 14.770

14,213 14.744

13,752 14.522

13,052

1Standard, minimum 99.75%, settlement pnce • Standard, minimum 99,75%, ·settlement pnce" • EstAndar, minima 99,75%. ·settlement pnce"

2pig, Stra1ts, ex-dock. maJOr US port, duty paid • En saumons. lnsulinde. a quai, dans un grand port des EU. taus droits payes • En galapagos. "Straits", puesto en mueUe. puerto de EE.UU., derechos pagados.

86

Constant -LME

"---· NY MARKET

&OQO'

80I)CI •. : 6000:

195$ 11!60 1966 1970 197$ 19Bjl

ZINC (US$/metric ton)

Year Annee A flo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

ZINC ($EU/tonne metrique)

London Metal Exchange 1

Bourse des m6taux de Londres 1

Balsa de Metales de Londres 1

Current $ 1980 Constant S $ courants 1980 S constants

$ cornentes 1980 $ wnc,tantes

328 1.451 473 1.812 412 1.509 207 778

216 831

250 943 269 982 225 804 182 639 226 804

247 861 214 733 185 623 212 726 324 1.087

311 1.037 282 907 273 869 262 840 287 87b

295 845

309 840 377 943 851 1.834

1,239 2,193

743 1.183 712 1.118 591 844

593 737 742 814

761 761 846 842 745 763 764 793

922 374

812

ZINC (US$/tonelada metrica)

New York Market2 MarcM de New York2

Mercado de Nueva York2

Current $ 1980 Constant $ $ courants 1980 $ constants

$ corrientes 1980 S constantP<>

317 1403 408 1,563

369 1.352 250 940 247 950

282 1.064 308 1.124 262 936 238 835 263 936

297 1,035 265 908 267 899 276 945 310 1,040

331 1.103 331 1.064 316 1 006 309 990 333 1.015

349 1.000 356 967 391 978 455 981 793 1404

859 1,368 823 1,292 758 1.083 683 849 822 901

825 825 982 977

848 869 912 946

1,072 1.132

920

1 Good ordinary brands, settlement price; from October 1984, high grade • Bonnes marques ordtnaires. · se\1\ement pnce : a partir d'octobre 1984, haul grade • Buenas clases

ord1nanas, "settlement price"; desde octubre de 1984, de alta clase

2Domestic producer pnce for Prime Western Grade, dehvered New York • Pnx mteneur a Ia production pour· Pnme Western Grade", livre New York • Pree1o nac1onal del productor

para "Pnme Western Grade", entrega Nueva York

1000

900

800

700

600

500

300

200

Current

~

J

~

"

~

(YEARLY AVIFIAGE)

LME NY MARKET

/'1 "\ I \ ) I

\I 1\ J v v

A p<

~ ~

~) v v

Constant --LME

NY MARKET

~ I

·~ '\ 1\ } I \ ~ u r--...\ ,.;.

~\) '? \

lj

bJ 1 IV

1 rA i• rAV v

100 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

--

f--.--

IRON ORE (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee A flo

1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

12.3

13.0 14.4 15.1 14.5 11.5

11.5 11.5 10.8 10.1 10.1

10.1 9.9 8.7 8.4 8.4

9.3 10.5 10.8 10.1 12.8

19.3 16.1 13.4 15.9 14.3

17.6 18.5 19.3 21.63

17.1 4

16.95

Swed1sh1

Suedois1

Sueco1

MINERAl DE FER ($EU!tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

17.1 17.8 16.8 15.7 15.7

15.7 15.3 13.5 12.6 11.8

15.2 13.5 12.8 17.1 19.0

22.6 21.9 21.6 19.4 23.3

26.7 24.3 25.9 24.0 23.2

22.6

Brazilian2

Br6silien2

Brasileflo2

1(

1 Kiruna D, 60%, c.1.f. Rotterdam, domestic 1mport pnce • Kiruna D. 60%, c. a .f. Rotterdam. pnx inteneur d'importat1on • Ktruna D. 60%, c 1 f Rotterdam. precio nacional de importaci6n

MINERAL DE HIERRO (US$/tonelada metrica)

Current SWEDISH BRAZILIAN

80 US$/METRIC TON

70

80

!\ /

~ I

50

40

30

20

I 265%, c.1.f. North Sea ports; pnor to 1975, 68% • 65%, c.a f. ports de Ia mer du Nord; avant1975, 68% • 65%, c.t.f. puertos del Mar del Norte: con anterioridad a 1975, 68%.

3Excludes June and December • Non compris JUin et dE!cembre • No 1ncluye los meses de JUnto y diciembre

r\ 4Excludes February, May and November • Non compns f9vner, mal et novembre • No incluye los meses de febrero. mayo y noviembre

5January-May average • Moyenne Janv1er-ma1 • Promedio de enero-mayo. 10

9

8

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

\_

~

\

Constant SWEDISH BRAZILIAN

L\ \, V, \ 'tp, I

!J v,

\) N \J (\J

\ v v

~ A v J

'

7

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

88

MANGANESE ORE (US cents/metric ton unit)'

Year Ann Be A no

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

MINERAl DE MANGANESE (Cents EU!unite de tonne metrique)'

Current$ $ courants $ corrientes

91.5 91.5 91.5

102.4 102.4

91.0 127.0 147.6 115.2 89.6

87.1 87.1 85.6 81.2 68.2

75.2 76.0 72.2 62.2 52.1

54.4 62.8 63.5 74.8

112.4

137.8 145.0 147.9 142.9 137.8

156.9 167.8 164.1 151.8 143.2

141.2

lndian2

lndien2

lndio2

1A metnc ton unit of manganese 15 equivalantto 10 kg of manganese • UM€1 de tonne metnque eqwvalent a 10 kg de manganese • Una un1dad de tonelada metrica es eqwva­

lente a 10 kg de manganese

246-48% Mn, c Lf US ports. 1mport duty extra • 46-48% Mn. c a f ports des Etats-Unls. droll d'importatlon en sus • 46 a 48':-'o Mn. c Lf puertos de los Estados Un1dos: derechos

de 1mportac16n extra

MINERAL DE MANGANESO (Centavos EE.UU./unidad de tonelada metrica)'

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

I Current Constant

• - INDIAN INDIAN I 700 ·U·S·C·E·N-TS-~ .. ET-R·I·C·T·O~N·U·N-IT._~~----~------~-----.----...

~.-----1-----~----~-----+-----+-----4----~

~1-------+--fA~. ---1-------1-------1-------1-------1-------l

4001\ ,-·\ i

300.------4------~------~-----+------+------+----~

' ' 200.-----+-----~----~----~----~--~-+----~

Wt------4------~------r------+------+------+------~

~9~00------1·9~55 ...... 1~900-------1~--5-----1~9~70 ______ 19·7·5-----1~980~------19~

NICKEL (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Aiio

1950 1951

1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957

1958 1959

1960 1961 1962

1963 1964

1965 1966 1967

1968 1969

1970

1971 1972 1973

1974

1975 1976 1977

1978 1979

1980 1981 1982

1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

988 1,191

1,246 1,321 1,334

1,422 1,437 1,631 1,631

1,631

1,631 1,711 1,762R 1,742

1,742

1,735

1,739 1,936

2,075 2,363

2,846

2,932 3,080 3,373

3,825

4,570 4,974 5,203 4,610

5,986

6,519R

5,953R 4,838R

4,673R 4,752R

5,066

NICKEL ($EU!tonne metrique)

Canadian 1

Canadten1

Canadtense 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 S constants

1980 S constantes

4.372

4.563 4.564 4.966 5,131

5.366 5.245 5,825

5.723

5.806

5.684 5.859 5.931 5.964

5.844

5 783

5.593 6.165 6.649 7.206

8.155

7.968 7.700

7.270

6.770

7.277 7.808 7.433 5,729

6.563

6.519

5.924 4.957 4.847 5.018

Current$ $ courants $ cornentes

2,915 3,223 4,425

4,155 4,573

4,579 4,254 5,642

6,783 6,318 5,132

4,802 4,897

5,135

NIQUEL (US$/tonelada metrica)

United States2

Etats-Unis2

Estados Untdos2

1 980 Constant $ 1980 $ constants

i 980 $ constantes

7.288

6.946 7.832

6.616 7.179 6.541

5.285

6.186

6,783

6,287

5.258 4.981 5.171

1 Electrolytic cathodes. contract pnce, f.o.b sh1pp1ng potnl, US duty Included, from 1980, electrolytic cathodes. London Metal Exchange • Cathodes etectrolyttques. prix contrat. I o.b port embarquement. drOits de douane EU inclus; a partir de 1980, cathodes electrolyllques. Bourse des metaux de Londres. Catodos electroliticos, preCIO de contrata. f.o.b. punto de embarque; mclwdos los derechos de aduana en EE UU, desde 1980, catados electrolit1cos. Bolsa de Metales de Londres

2cathodes, dealer pnce, fob New York, spot, (estimated market pnce) • Cathodes, pnx vendeur, f o.b. New York. comptant (pnx estimahf du marche) • catodos, prec1o de distnbwdor, f.o.b. Nueva Yor!<., al contado (est1mac16n del precio de mercado)

90

' ' '<' ,'',' ''.+::'J !VI\!Af4LY A~l!l :\ ·. ,',

Current Constant -CANADIAN -CANADIAN

:~;~ .. :~IOtoN ' . ' :·,· 100011

,:;~,.

90011

•: BOOC1•

\ 1\ f';~~ . I 7000. ;~ ., I v

\o \ 6000 r V" v v \ / A I· 5000

~ I'J ~

I 40QO

J ' 30ill)!

/ ·.

'

J · .. .,

.. 2000, ':\

,: I .<', I' - .~:.

J: ~·r~ ' .... ( ~·\

' :?

': ,''

.. '.: 1~ •. ·;. 1000'' ''"

~; ·900' ·11150' 1955 1960- t~ . tlt70 1975 'II® •'

.. ::.:

STEEL (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Aiio

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ comentes

54.1 66.7 91.7 95.5 92.1

93.3 95.7

100.2 104.3 104.3

104.3 108.2 109.5 109.5 109.5

107.3 109.3 102.0 94.5

100.5

124.9 137.1 157.4 207.9 250.0

300.8 329.5 320.0 391.8 428.3

466.0 375.5 402.4 331.8 353.2

323.83

ACIER ($EU/tonne metrique)

Germany, Fed. Rep.1

Allemagne, Rep. fed de 1

Alemama, Rep. Fed. de 1

1980 Constant $ 1980 S constants 1980 $ constantes

239.4 255 6 335 9 359.0 354.2

352.1 349 3 357 9 3660 371.2

363.4 370 6 368.7 375.0 367.5

357.7 351.5 324.8 302.9 306.4

357 9 372.6 393.5 448.1 442.5

479.0 517 3 457.1 486.7 469.6

466.0 373.6 412 3 344 2 373.0

ACERO (US$/tonelada metrica)

Un1ted States2

Etats-Un1s2

Estados Unidos2

Current$ 1980 Constant $

$ courants 1980 $ constants

$ corrientes 1980 $ constantes

89.1 394.3

93.0 356 3

95.0 348.0

100.8 379.0

103.4 398 0

105.2 397 0 111.8 408.0

120.2 429.3

125.0 438.6

127.0 452 0

126.8 441.8 119.7 409.9 118.6 399.3 119.9 410.6

124.1 416.4

124.1 413 7 124.1 399.0 124.1 395.2 130.5 418.3 141.5 431.4

151.9 435.2 165.3 449.2 179.7 449.3 187.2 403.5 255.5 452.2

290.1 461.9 295.7 464.2 322.6 460.9 363.9 452.1 405.3 444.4

452.8 452.8 507.9 505.4 534.6 547.8 546.1 566.5 540.1 570.3

540.1 3

1 Bessemer Bars, Domestic/Export Price, delivered Oberhausen bas1s • Fers marchands, Bessemer, prix intlmeur exportation rendu Oberhausen • Barras Bessemer, prec1os na-

cionales,exportaci6n, entrega Oberhausen.

2carbon plates, f.o.b. at most midwestern points; prior to 1972, export pnce f.o.b. Pittsburgh. hot rolled plates • TOles d'ac1er au carbone. fob dans Ia plupart des Etats du centre des Etats-Unis; avant 1972, prix d'exportation f.o.b. P1ttsburgh, ac1ers lammes a chaud • Chapas de acero al carbona. to b. en Ia mayor parte de los lugares del med1o-oeste,

antes de 1972, prec1o de exportac16n f.o.b. Pittsburgh, placas laminadas en caliente

3January-July average • Moyenne Janvier-Julliet • Promed•o de enero-Juho

(YEARLY AYERAGI)

Current Constant - GERMAN - GERMAN -us us

7llO US$/M!TRlC TON

600

A r 5!10

~ 1/

II I· 1\ .. 400 \ _......_, v IJ ~ -r r""" rv 30i1

~ / 21)0

~

LJ v: ~ ~--

"\ J 1----'--

/ v 100

1/A--/ v I 90

I 80

7Q

J/ 1---- 1---

50 19$0 1965 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980 1t85

PHOSPHATE ROCK (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Aflo

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

11.6 12.5 15.9 15.3 14.6

14.5 14.5 14.0 14.0 13.0

13.0 13.0 11.5 11.5 12.5

14.0 13.0 12.0 11.5 11.3

11.0 11.3 11.5 13.8 54.5

67.0 36.0 30.5 29.0 33.0

46.7 49.5 42.4 36.9 38.3

34.0

PHOSPHATE NATUREL ($EU/tonne metrique)

Moroccan1

Marocain1

Marroqui1

52':

: ~ ~'

1, ·!

.: .... _.)

JL ,_

172% BPL, f.a.s. Casablanca: pnor to December 1975, 75% BPL • 72% BPL, fa s. Casablanca; avant decembre 1975, 75"/" 'BPL" • 72% BPL, f.a.s. Casablanca: antes de d1c1embre 1975, 75% "BPL"

92

FOSFORITA (US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant I Current

• -MOROCCAN --MOROCCAN

US$/METRIC TON 200

100

90

80

70

80

['~

" I" ' i\/ \ ........

\

50

40

...... v 30

20

tr-~ -v ~ I) 10 1950 1955 1980 1966 1970

I I

\

\ \~

v

1975

I

r\ \',

1980 1985

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (DAP)1

(US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Aflo

1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ cornentes

685 65.5 58.0

54.0 61.8 91.0

118.8 332.6

243.0 120.0 133.0 139.8 193.3

222.2 195.0 182.8 183.5 189.1

168.5

1 F.o.b. US Gulf Ports • F.o.b ports du Golfe du Mextque, Etats-Unts • F.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mextco, Estados Unidos

PHOSPHATES AMMONIACAUX1

($EU/tonne metrique)

Untied States 1

Etats-Unts 1

Estados Umdos 1

I Current

-UNITED STATES

US$/METRIC TON 700

600

:r-:[ 500

400 l(''

_,_,- -

I··• 300

:')'.

200

100

90

80

70

80

50 1950 1955 1960

FOSFATO DIAMONIC01

(US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Constant

"-·· UNITED STATES

! II

ir l \ 'I

i l

I l

) \ I \ ' ' ..... I ~ ~\ <i !

' T l--~ ~ ~ '· ; 'J \ ;

i/

v

\ J \If

1965 1970 1975 1960 1985

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE1

(US$/metric ton)

Year Annee Aflo

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan.-Oct.

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

32,5 32.5 32.0 3LO 30.0

28.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 32.5

29.5 27,5 25.5 24.0 22.0

31.5 32.5 33.5 42.5 60.5

81.3 55.0 51.0 56.4 76.7

115.7 112.4 81.6 75.3 83.7

85.2

CHLORURE DE POTASSE1

($EU/tonne metrique)

Canadtan2

Canad1en2

Canadtense2

1980 Constant $ 1980 $constants

1980 S constantes

122.6 118 6 114 3 108.8 106.8

99 3 102J 101.0 102 7 1091

98.3 88A 81.2 76.9 67 1

90.3 88.3 83 8 91.6

107 1

129.5 86.3 72.9 70.1 84 1

115 7 111 8 83.6 78.1 88.4

1 Also known as munate of potash • Aussi appele munate de potasse • TambtEm II amado munato de potasio.

2F.o.b. Vancouver • F.o.b. Vancouver • F.o b Vancouver

94

Current

-CANADIAN

USSIMETRIC TON 200

100 1\

90

80

70

60

60

40 '

"' 30

' ,.·

20

CLORURO DE POTASI01

(US$/tonelada metrica)

(YEARLY AYEIW3E)

Constant

-CANADIAN

~ I ~

\ I \ rv \

\ \ l

v

/\ )

r

\ 1950 1955 1960 11165 1&70 1&75 1&80

:· ;:

.;,;;':

1;:

;,

~. [;

f::

!;

J ~··.

v I'·<

I

,9et;

TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE (TSP) (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Ana

1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct

Current$ $ courants $ cornentes

47 38 39

43 43 68

100 304

202 91 97 98

146

180 161 138 135 131

119

TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE (TSP) ($EU/tonne metrique)

SUPERFOSFATO TRIPLE (TSP) (US$/tonelada metrica)

····. ~y~ Umted States 1

Etats-Un1s 1

Estados Unidos 1

1980 Constant $ Current Constant 1-1980 $ constants

1980 $ constames

150 122

- UNITED STATES - UNITED STATES

-~!-!!~~;!E·~c::··;:::::;:::::;:::::;:::::;:::::• . 119 ... . ~.-----~----~~----~-----4------+-----~----~ 123 .. 117 170 216

t •• J-----+---+---+---1---1+---+-----1 ..

538

322 ~.-----~----~-----r-----+--~~-----+----~

143 139 122 161

180 160 .,.,

141 140 138

' 1 F.o.b US Gulf ports • Fob. ports du Golfe du Mex1que, Etats-Unis. • F.o.b. puertos del Golfo de Mex1co, Estados Un1dos

2001------1-------+---+-+---+/-l--l-l------+----1

\_,-/ "'v ~~ too~--+---4---~---+~~~v-=~~--~ 9(i.t---f-----t---+---+--l--+-''-----+----l

-~~-----~----f----~f----~f--~--t-----+----~

~.-----~-----+----~------+-~--~----~----_.

~t-----+-----+-----1-----~~--~----~-----1

v

1980 1980 1975 !980 1986

95

UREA (US$/metric ton)

Year An nee Aflo

1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1985 Jan. -Oct.

UREE ($EU/tonne metrique)

Current$ $ courants

$ corrientes

72.3 90.5

95.8 89.3 79.3 65.5 56.0

48.3 46.0 59.3 94.8

315.8

198.0 112.0 127.4 144.8 172.9

222.1 216.0 158.8 135.4 171.3

142.1

1 F.o.b Europe, bagged • F.o.b. Europe. en sacs • Fob Europa, en sacos

96

UREA (US$/tonelada metrica)

Any Ongin 1

T oute origme 1

De cua1qu1er origen 1

~47 G

30:J!

319 3 287 I

252 6 209 9 1/0 ;

1 '38 + (]

'.j,S ~3

204 3 r:ss 9

) 1 ~,.:J

1 ~~ ['

'82 () ~ 79 ~-l

1 e~~ L

:: ).~ g

'6;::: -'-1C :-.

12', ~

(YEARLY AVERAGE)

Current Constant

-- ANY ORIGIN -- ANY ORIGIN

US$/METRlC TON 700

600

500

400

.1~ 300

I \ J'\ 200

\ ~ v 100

90 /\

I \ 80

I \ 70

\ 80

50 \ I ~

40 1950 "1955 1980 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965