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Retour d'expérience de l'industrie sur la certification de biomasse solide
Historique du développement du système de vérification du caractère durable de la
ressource biomasse solide pour les centrales électriques d'Electrabel en Belgique et
présentation du partenariat des producteurs d'électricité européens (SBP).
Retour d'expérience de l'industrie sur la certification de biomasse solide Yves Ryckmans, Chrystelle Verhoest
Outline of the presentation
Elements of context
Description of the system implemented by GDF SUEZ
Current developments : Sustainable Biomass Partnership
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Biomass sourcing must be organized according to: availability, sustainable management, technical applicability and economic feasibility
• Origination of biomass • Selection on sourcing, availability & logistics
• Selection available on sustainability criteria • Selection on local stakeholders
• Sample lab testing on chemical & physical properties • Pilot testing for boiler assessment • Selection on technical criteria for firing or co-firing
• Selection on commercial feasibility • Integrated in business modeling
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There are 3 major
resources for solid
biomass:
forestry
agriculture
waste
At EU level and in the
world, forestry will
remain dominant but the
two others are expected
to grow in the future.
Wood will remain the main resource for green energy, but agricultural resources and recycled waste are growing
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EU is the major user of wood pellets in the world The growth is sustained by growing import from North America
EU pellets users for heat in
2012 (t)
World pellets users in
2012 (millions t)
EU pellets users for power in
2012 (t)
Sources Hawkins Right, Presentation http://www.hawkinswright.com/Bioenergy-Multi_client_reports, AEBIOM Bioenergy Outlook report 2013, based on Eurostat 2012
Export North American
pellets to EU
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How to check the energy balance of biomass supply
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CHECKLIST
Transport of raw material:
- Avg. distance
- Max. distance
Pelleting:
- Electricity/ton pellets
(+origin)
- Fossil energy/ton pellets
- Biomass/ton pellets
Inland transport of pellets:
- Distance to harbour
- Truck or train
Sea transport:
- Capacity in tons
- Distance in miles
- Number of days of sea
- Consumption/sea day
Flatboat from ARAG:
- Avg. diesel use
2. Yearly
Laborelec
Supplier
declaration &
Audit report 1. Independent risk
assessment
3. Track & trace
system pellets
• Certified or at least evidence
for responsible management
of the forests including
afforestation plans
• Controlled impact on
environment
(soil, air, water)
• Enforcement of legislations
Type of raw material
Set up a verification scheme in collaboration with independent auditors and validate the scheme with the authorities
• Database suppliers
• Energy and CO2 balance of
suppliers
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CO2 in kgCO2/MWhp Germany Baltic Sweden Russia Canada
Pelletising 11 13 15 20 13
Local transport 1 1 2 2 2
Sea/River transport 4 6 5 7 15
River transport 2 2 2 2 2
X=TOTAL 18 22 24 31 32
Y= Net avoided CO2 89% 86% 84% 80% 79%
Wood pellets to large power plants: one of the most efficient chain to mitigate fossil CO2 emissions (vs CCGT natural gas PP)
%34
55%
2511
XY
Net avoided CO2 is evaluated against a reference fossil power plant
In Belgium, the reference power plant is a Combined Cycle Power Plant
firing natural gas with an efficiency of 55%
In Belgium, the specific LCA-based CO2 emission for natural gas is evaluated at 251 kg
CO2/MWhp
Considering a biomass plant with an efficiency of 34%, then
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Lack of raw woody material in
the EU stimulates the
cascaded use of wood,
meaning that only residues
like black liquor, organic
industrial residues and
recovered wood could be
burned for energy.
Virgin wood could then be
excluded for subsidies.
Three major debates require additional scientific knowledge for monitoring:
cascaded use of wood (setting up a hierarchy material use vs energy)
carbon debt generated by the use of full trees
Indirect land use change (iLUC, use of agricultural land in competition with food)
for cultivated biomass
Cascading, carbon debt and indirect land use change lead the debate on sustainability: firing round wood tends to be rejected
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Source : www.biobased.eu
Why a common sustainability scheme ?
Corporate risk management of fuel procurement and new biomass power plants as well
as legal obligations
Disparities among different EU countries (BE, UK, NL)
National principles sometimes go beyond the requirement of the RED
For liquid biomass: standard CEN/EN16214 and obligation via RED 2009/28 exist
EURELECTRIC & AEBIOM request uniform mandatory sustainability criteria for solid
biomass (large plants) as soon as possible
Trade between BE, NL and UK will only be possible in a close future if evidence of
sustainability can be brought to the buyer
Opportunity to make use of the biomass procurement contracts to incite biomass
supplier to conform himself to minimum set of criteria and allow the supply chain to be
improved year after year for larger set of criteria
11 26/11/2014
Focusing on sustainable sourcing solutions.
SBP is an industry initiative
• To tackle global warming, EU generators are encouraged by the EU and national governments to switch from fossil fuels to renewable feedstock. Financial incentives are provided so that generators can compete with conventional fuels such as coal and gas but this support is contingent on generators demonstrating that feedstock is legally and sustainably sourced.
• Ideally, the sector would rely on existing credible certification schemes for sustainable forest management (Why invent your own?).
• SBP recognises the credibility of existing forest certification schemes (FSC/PEFC) and does not wish to compete with or replicate them.
•However, these forest-level schemes have insufficient take-up in key forest-source areas and lack some of the key elements needed for biomass so a bridging solution is required.
Seven critical market players using woody biomass for
large-scale heat & power generation in the European Union
Focusing on sustainable sourcing solutions.
SBP has set out its vision and objectives that set the direction for its work in 2014-2016:
Vision: to enable an economically, environmental and socially sustainable solid biomass supply chain that contributes to a low-carbon economy. Objectives: • To provide an effective mechanism that enables producers and users of solid biomass for
energy production to demonstrate compliance with end user (European/national) regulatory requirements and alignment with existing widely-accepted sustainability standards
• To promote enhanced sustainable forest management and greater uptake of existing efficient and internationally recognized, third party verified forest certification schemes in key wood baskets
• To contribute to a strengthened scientific evidence base and a greater understanding of issues associated with the use of solid biomass for energy production
• To deliver increased transparency of supply-chain performance and data.
SBP vision & objectives
Focusing on sustainable sourcing solutions.
The certification framework – structure, process and procedures
Primary Feedstock
Tertiary Feedstock
Secondary Feedstock
Biomass Assurance Framework (BAF): gives assurance of (1) raw biomass sustainability (BAS); (2) traceability along whole supply-chain (CoC) and (3) accurate calculation of GHG data / savings
Biomass Assurance Standard (BAS) for raw woody biomass
Scope of Certification i.e. part of the supply chain which is checked during certification audits. It includes the production facility (blue box), as the pellet plant , and the storage area before shipping
Generator / trader will be CoC certified with FSC or PEFC systems
for the biomass shipping
Inland and long distance logistics of raw material and product constitutes the chain of custody (CoC)
Pellet plant =
Certifiied Unit
Generator
Focusing on sustainable sourcing solutions.
Regional Risk Assessment
Desk-based assessment against SBP-criteria – results in a risk
rating for each indicator
+
Supplier Verification Program
Field-based assessment for those indicators for which no clear
risk can be determined in RRA
Legality Ecosystems Environment Productivity Social Biodiversity
Other
Relevant
Criteria
Supply Base Evaluation Principles derived from UK TPP, including other relevant criteria
Low Risk Criteria
No further action needed
Specified Risk Criteria
Implement mitigation measures
Compliance
PEFC/FSC
certified
feedstock
The certification concept – a risk-based approach
Focusing on sustainable sourcing solutions.
The five Standards available on www.sustainablebiomasspartnership.org
1. Sustainable Biomass Standard: The Principles, Criteria and Indicators
defining the management system needed to verify that feedstock is legal and
sustainable
2. Verification of SBP-compliant Feedstock: The method for the evaluation of
the risk associated with feedstock
3. Certification Systems Standard: The requirements on certification bodies in
verifying compliance by SBP certificate holders
4. Chain of Custody Standard
5. Energy & Carbon Data Standard: Methodology for collection of data along the
supply chain.
The Standards
Focusing on sustainable sourcing solutions.
Review
SBP Biomass Assurance Framework
• Stakeholder consultation and engagement process undertaken
• Version 0.0 Beta standard in place
• Sector gearing up for test certification
• Further refinement will take place to:
– take account of learnings from test certification
– align with emerging regulatory requirements
– address stakeholder issues
• Piloting SBP Regional Risk Assessment concept
• Work ongoing with PEFC to develop Greenhouse Gas (GHG) data module for use in PEFC chain-of-custody
• Summer 2014: BAF Version 0.0 Beta standard released for ‘learning by doing’
• Early 2015: BAF Version 1.0 available
• Additional updates where needed e.g. to include regulatory updates
• 2015-16: Further refinement and strengthening
• Key aim is to more effectively embrace a wider group of stakeholders e.g. resource owners & NGOs
• End 2016: BAF Version 2.0 available
Indicative timetable
Thank you for your attention
Do you have any question ?
For further discussion please contact :
Specifically for SBP :
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LABORELEC BELGIUM
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The Netherlands
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42281 Wuppertal
Germany
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