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SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
Skull
Pelvic girdle
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Clavicle(collarbone)
Scapula(shoulder blade)
Sternum(breastbone)
Humerus
Ribs
Vertebral column(backbone)
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
67 The Human Skeleton
Phalanges
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
68
Th
e St
ruct
ure
of
a B
on
e
Spon
gy
bon
e
Com
pac
t b
on
e
Bon
e m
arro
w
Ou
ter
mem
bra
ne
Can
al
Com
pac
tb
on
e
Blo
od
ves
sels
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
Gliding joint
Pivot jointBall-and-socket joint
69 Exploring Movable Joints
Hinge joint
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
70 The Three Classes of Levers ©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Input forceOutputforce
Fulcrum
F IRST-CLASS LEVERS
TH IRD -CLASS LEVERS
Input force
Output force
Fulcrum
Inputforce
Outputforce
Fulcrum
SECOND-CLASS LEVERS
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
71 Exploring Levers in the Body©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
First-class lever
Third-class lever
Second-class lever
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
73
Th
e F
oo
d G
uid
e P
yra
mid
Bre
ad
, C
ere
al, R
ice, an
d P
ast
aG
rou
p (
6–1
1 s
erv
ing
s)
Veg
eta
ble
Gro
up
(3
–5 s
erv
ing
s)Fr
uit
Gro
up
(2–4
serv
ing
s)
Meat,
Pou
ltry
, Fi
sh, D
ryB
ean
s, E
gg
s, a
nd
Nu
tsG
rou
p (
2–3
serv
ing
s)
Milk, Yog
urt
, an
dC
heese
Gro
up
(2
–3 s
erv
ing
s)
�Fa
t (n
atur
ally
occu
rrin
g an
d ad
ded)
�Su
gars
(na
tura
llyoc
curr
ing
and
adde
d)
Fats
, O
ils,
an
d S
weets
(Use
sp
ari
ng
ly.)
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
74 The Digestive System©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Mouth
Liver
Gallbladder
Esophagus
EpiglottisSalivary glands
Stomach
PancreasLarge intestine
Small intestine Rectum
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
75 Exploring the Heart©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Rightatrium
Pacemaker
Rightventricle
Aorta
Septum
Leftatrium
Leftventricle
Major vein from upper body to heart
Major vein from lower body to heart
Artery from heart tolungs
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
76
Art
ery
, C
ap
illa
ry,
an
d V
ein
Art
ery
Cap
illa
ryV
ein
Con
nect
ive
tiss
ue
Con
nect
ive
tiss
ue
Sm
ooth
mu
scle
Sm
ooth
mu
scle
Ep
ith
elial ce
lls
Ep
ith
elial ce
lls
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
77 Exploring the Respiratory System©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Epiglottis
Larynx
Lung
Nose
Trachea
Pharynx
Bronchus
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
78
Gas
Exch
an
ge i
n t
he A
lveo
li
Sm
aller
bra
nch
of
bro
nch
us
Blo
od
ric
h in
carb
on
dio
xid
efr
om
bod
y
Alv
eolu
s
Air
in
alv
eolu
s
Oxyg
en
movin
gin
to b
lood
Carb
on
dio
xid
em
ovin
g in
toalv
eolu
s
Red
blo
od
cell
Cap
illa
ry
Blo
od
ric
h in
oxyg
en
fro
mlu
ng
s
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
79
Exp
lori
ng
a K
idn
ey
Kid
ney
Ure
ter
Uri
nary
bla
dd
er
Kid
ney
Excr
eto
ry s
yst
em
Nep
hro
n
Ure
thra
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
Viru
s
T C
ell R
eco
gn
izes
a V
iru
sSom
e T
Cells
Att
ack
An
tib
od
ies
Dest
roy
Path
og
en
s
80
Exp
lori
ng
th
e I
mm
un
e R
esp
on
se
Oth
er
T C
ells
Act
ivate
B C
ells
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
81 Exploring the Path of a Nerve Impulse©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Sensoryneuron
Receptorsin ear
Interneuron
Motorneuron
Muscle in hand
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
Cere
bru
m
Bra
inst
em
Sp
inal co
rd
Cere
bellu
mLeft
half
of
cere
bru
m
Rig
ht
half
of
cere
bru
m
82
Th
e B
rain
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
83
Th
e E
lect
rom
ag
neti
c Sp
ect
rum
Red
Ora
nge
Yello
wG
reen
Blue
Viol
et
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
85
Th
e E
ye
Blo
od
vess
els
Op
tic
nerv
e
Len
s
Pu
pil
Corn
ea
Iris
Reti
na
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
86
Th
e E
ar
Ou
ter
ear
Mid
dle
ear
Inn
er
ear
Ear
can
al
Eard
rum
An
vil
Ham
mer
Sti
rru
p
Sem
icir
cula
r ca
nals
Coch
lea
Au
dit
ory
nerv
e
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
87
Exp
lori
ng
th
e E
nd
ocr
ine S
yst
em
Para
thyro
idg
lan
ds
Test
es
Ovari
es
Ad
ren
al
gla
nd
s
Pan
creas
Th
yro
idg
lan
d
Hyp
oth
ala
mu
s
Male
Fem
ale
Pit
uit
ary
gla
nd
Th
yro
idg
lan
d
Th
ym
us
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Focu
s on
Life
Sci
ence
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
88
Th
e M
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive S
yst
em
Bla
dd
er
Ure
thra
Pen
isP
en
is
Scr
otu
m
Test
is
Tu
be
Ure
thra
Gla
nd
Tu
be
Test
is