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Scapula - Prentice Hall74 The Digestive System ©Prentice-Hall, Inc. Mouth Liver Gallbladder Esophagus Epiglottis Salivary glands Stomach Large intestine Pancreas Small intestine Rectum

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SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

Skull

Pelvic girdle

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Patella

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Clavicle(collarbone)

Scapula(shoulder blade)

Sternum(breastbone)

Humerus

Ribs

Vertebral column(backbone)

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

67 The Human Skeleton

Phalanges

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

68

Th

e St

ruct

ure

of

a B

on

e

Spon

gy

bon

e

Com

pac

t b

on

e

Bon

e m

arro

w

Ou

ter

mem

bra

ne

Can

al

Com

pac

tb

on

e

Blo

od

ves

sels

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

Gliding joint

Pivot jointBall-and-socket joint

69 Exploring Movable Joints

Hinge joint

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

70 The Three Classes of Levers ©

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c.

Input forceOutputforce

Fulcrum

F IRST-CLASS LEVERS

TH IRD -CLASS LEVERS

Input force

Output force

Fulcrum

Inputforce

Outputforce

Fulcrum

SECOND-CLASS LEVERS

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

71 Exploring Levers in the Body©

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c.

First-class lever

Third-class lever

Second-class lever

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

72

Th

e Sk

in

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

73

Th

e F

oo

d G

uid

e P

yra

mid

Bre

ad

, C

ere

al, R

ice, an

d P

ast

aG

rou

p (

6–1

1 s

erv

ing

s)

Veg

eta

ble

Gro

up

(3

–5 s

erv

ing

s)Fr

uit

Gro

up

(2–4

serv

ing

s)

Meat,

Pou

ltry

, Fi

sh, D

ryB

ean

s, E

gg

s, a

nd

Nu

tsG

rou

p (

2–3

serv

ing

s)

Milk, Yog

urt

, an

dC

heese

Gro

up

(2

–3 s

erv

ing

s)

�Fa

t (n

atur

ally

occu

rrin

g an

d ad

ded)

�Su

gars

(na

tura

llyoc

curr

ing

and

adde

d)

Fats

, O

ils,

an

d S

weets

(Use

sp

ari

ng

ly.)

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

74 The Digestive System©

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c.

Mouth

Liver

Gallbladder

Esophagus

EpiglottisSalivary glands

Stomach

PancreasLarge intestine

Small intestine Rectum

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

75 Exploring the Heart©

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c.

Rightatrium

Pacemaker

Rightventricle

Aorta

Septum

Leftatrium

Leftventricle

Major vein from upper body to heart

Major vein from lower body to heart

Artery from heart tolungs

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

76

Art

ery

, C

ap

illa

ry,

an

d V

ein

Art

ery

Cap

illa

ryV

ein

Con

nect

ive

tiss

ue

Con

nect

ive

tiss

ue

Sm

ooth

mu

scle

Sm

ooth

mu

scle

Ep

ith

elial ce

lls

Ep

ith

elial ce

lls

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

77 Exploring the Respiratory System©

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c.

Epiglottis

Larynx

Lung

Nose

Trachea

Pharynx

Bronchus

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

78

Gas

Exch

an

ge i

n t

he A

lveo

li

Sm

aller

bra

nch

of

bro

nch

us

Blo

od

ric

h in

carb

on

dio

xid

efr

om

bod

y

Alv

eolu

s

Air

in

alv

eolu

s

Oxyg

en

movin

gin

to b

lood

Carb

on

dio

xid

em

ovin

g in

toalv

eolu

s

Red

blo

od

cell

Cap

illa

ry

Blo

od

ric

h in

oxyg

en

fro

mlu

ng

s

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

79

Exp

lori

ng

a K

idn

ey

Kid

ney

Ure

ter

Uri

nary

bla

dd

er

Kid

ney

Excr

eto

ry s

yst

em

Nep

hro

n

Ure

thra

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

Viru

s

T C

ell R

eco

gn

izes

a V

iru

sSom

e T

Cells

Att

ack

An

tib

od

ies

Dest

roy

Path

og

en

s

80

Exp

lori

ng

th

e I

mm

un

e R

esp

on

se

Oth

er

T C

ells

Act

ivate

B C

ells

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

81 Exploring the Path of a Nerve Impulse©

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c.

Sensoryneuron

Receptorsin ear

Interneuron

Motorneuron

Muscle in hand

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

Cere

bru

m

Bra

inst

em

Sp

inal co

rd

Cere

bellu

mLeft

half

of

cere

bru

m

Rig

ht

half

of

cere

bru

m

82

Th

e B

rain

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

83

Th

e E

lect

rom

ag

neti

c Sp

ect

rum

Red

Ora

nge

Yello

wG

reen

Blue

Viol

et

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

84

Cam

era

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

85

Th

e E

ye

Blo

od

vess

els

Op

tic

nerv

e

Len

s

Pu

pil

Corn

ea

Iris

Reti

na

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

86

Th

e E

ar

Ou

ter

ear

Mid

dle

ear

Inn

er

ear

Ear

can

al

Eard

rum

An

vil

Ham

mer

Sti

rru

p

Sem

icir

cula

r ca

nals

Coch

lea

Au

dit

ory

nerv

e

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

87

Exp

lori

ng

th

e E

nd

ocr

ine S

yst

em

Para

thyro

idg

lan

ds

Test

es

Ovari

es

Ad

ren

al

gla

nd

s

Pan

creas

Th

yro

idg

lan

d

Hyp

oth

ala

mu

s

Male

Fem

ale

Pit

uit

ary

gla

nd

Th

yro

idg

lan

d

Th

ym

us

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

88

Th

e M

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive S

yst

em

Bla

dd

er

Ure

thra

Pen

isP

en

is

Scr

otu

m

Test

is

Tu

be

Ure

thra

Gla

nd

Tu

be

Test

is

SCIE

NC

E EX

PLO

RER

Focu

s on

Life

Sci

ence

©Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

89

Th

e F

em

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive S

yst

em

Ovid

uct

s

Ovary

Ovary Ute

rus

Cerv

ix

Vag

ina

Bla

dd

er

Ure

thra

Ovid

uct