Systèmes distribuésLe futur des systèmes d’information est:

NetworkedDiverseNumerousMobileUbiquitous

•Systèmes multiagents

•Middlewares:

•CORBA

•JINI

•HLA

•WOS

•etc.

Systèmes Multiagents

• Ensemble de plusieurs agents logiciels capables d’interagir en vue de :

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• Coopérer

• Coéxister

• Compétionner

Systèmes Multiagents

• Chaque agent possède des informations et des compétences restreintes

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• Pas de système central de contrôle• Données et informations décentralisées• Fonctionnement asynchrone

Communication

• Efficacité d'un système multiagent dépend de l'efficacité de ses communications.

•Utilisation de JatLite.•Utilisation de KQML.•Création d'un langage de requête NetSA.

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JatLite

• Java Agent Template Lite (Stanford).

• Ensemble de classes Java pour la communication entre agents.• Utilisation d'un routeur de messages (AMR).• Renforce la robustesse du SMA.• Très utile pour les agents mobiles et les applets.

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KQML

• Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language.

Basé sur les actes du langage.

Contenu

Message

Communication• Émetteur

• Récepteur

• Nature de la communication

• Langage

• Ontologie

• Acte du langage

• Contenu du message

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KQML (suite)

Sender : Agent-Appelant

Receiver : Agent-Ressource

Performative : ask-one

Reply-with : 98061018232671

In-reply-to : null

Context: db-query

Content : [in]First-name =

"Marc";Last-name =

"Côté";NAS = 123

456 789;[out]Salary;Age;Sex;

KQMLKQML KQMLKQML (étendu) (étendu)

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Architecture Multi-agent

Architecture générique pour un système à l’aide de décision basée sur l’architecture NetSA

Systèmes globaux

– Virtual communities: shared contexts and adaptive, dynamic management of federations

– Generic system and programming environment: versioning for flexibility and self-organization, common communication protocol

– Metacomputing/Grid computing: Transparent remote execution and transparent distributed file system access

any-time, any-where, any-service, any-medium

The WOS for

WOS Overview

• Each node is client and server at the same time

• The nodes may form communities

• Each node maintains information warehouses

• Uniform communication layer• Minimal set of services

– Search and discovery– Warehouse management

WO

S C

om

mu

nic

atio

n L

aye

r

Remote Resource Control Unit

(RRCU)

Remote Resource Control Unit

(RRCU)Resource Control

Unit (RCU)Resource Control

Unit (RCU)

Client Side WOS NodeClient Side WOS Node Server Side WOS NodeServer Side WOS Node

Graphical User Interface

Graphical User Interface

Ware-houseWare-house

Ware-houseWare-house

The WOS is a set of versioned nodes where each node offers a minimal set of services

WOS Noeud

Local Host:

CPU TimeMemory Access

Services(hardware and software)

RemoteResourceControl

SearchControl

UserResourceControl

ExecutionControl

JobControl

Network

Network

WO

SR

P/W

OS

PW

OS

RP

/WO

SPW

OS

RP

/WO

SP

WO

SR

P/W

OS

P

Sea

rch R

esults

User Profiles

List

of

Sha

red

Res

ourc

es

Ap

plic

atio

n P

rog

ram

min

gIn

terf

ace

Use

r Inte

rface

Host Machine ManagerEduction & Search Engine

WarehouseEduction & Search Engine

Warehouse

User Manager

Web Operating System - Warehouses

• Resource database• Resource management• Resource cache• Passive Warehouses

– storage for service information– information out of date, must be replaced

• Active Warehouses– information obtained from which other warehouse

• Adaptive Warehouses– user profiles and access statistics: update of information

Web Operating System - Resources

• Versioned Services• Applications• Platforms• Hardware• …

Web Operating System - Eductive Engines

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• Provides services using a warehouse • Reactive system• Responds to requests• Eduction (Oxford English Dictionary):

“The action of drawing forth, eliciting, or developing from a state of latent, rudimentary, or potential existence; the action of educing (principles, results or calculations) from the data.”

Web Operating System - WOS Node

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Eductive engine + Warehouse

Web Operating System - WOSNet

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Network of WOS Nodes

• Eductive engine• Warehouse

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Web Operating System - Operation

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Web Operating System - Operation

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Communication dans le WOS

• Composante centrale du WOS– C’est le “glue” du système

• Le WOS Protocol (WOSP)– Simple syntaxe générique– Extensible : une version de WOSP

• Est la spécialisation de la syntaxe générique • Définie la sémantique de communication pour une classe de services

• Le WOS Request Protocol (WOSRP)– Localisation de nœuds WOS– Échange d’information sur des versions WOSP version– Établissement de WOSP connexions

WOS interfaces

Type Name ValueEXECUTE name of execution command command identifier

QUERY name of query command command identifier

SETUP name of setup command command identifier

REPLY identifier of command to which this is a reply command identifier

DATA name of data field value of data field

METADATA name of metadata field value of metadata field

FILE local name of data file not used

Title: (interf-WOSP.eps) Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 6.0 Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in it Comment: This EPS picture will print to a Title: (WOSP1.eps) Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 3.2 Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in it Title: (WOSRP_msg.eps) Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 6.0 Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in it Comment: This EPS picture will print to a postscript

WOS for High Performance Computing

• Using the WOS for HPC configuration phase– Locating remote nodes that can potentially execute an

HPC application – Reserving remote resources on these nodes

• Using the WOS for HPC set-up phase– Distributing the HPC application code and data– Potentially, compiling HPC application on demand– Launching the HPC application

• The HPC application relies on its own communication scheme for execution

WOS for HPC:Locating potential nodes

WOS for HPC:reserving resources

Système global

Service Provider: e-mail stock quotes GSM gateway supercomputer

Supercomputer

Residential userusing e-mail at home

Legend:

connecting services

using services

WOS compliant e-mailservice

User travelingReceiving stock quotes ande-mail via GSM

At workusing supercomputer cycles

Stock quotes

WOS Service SpaceGSM Service

Intégration de « Smart networked Objects »

• « smart » : nécessite une certaine intelligence

• Réseaux spontanés

• Communautés

• Communication transparente

• Human Computer Interfaces appropriés