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Intro to Vegetable Gardening – Plan & Prep
Vijai PandianHorticulture EducatorKenosha, Milwaukee & Racine Counties
Resources
• “Vegetable Gardening in the Midwest” by C.E. Voigt and J.S. Vandemark, University of IL Extension
• http://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/directory.cfm• http://learningstore.extension.wisc.edu/Vegetables
-C81.aspx• Cultivar selection:
– http://learningstore. extension.wisc.edu/Vegetable-Cultivars-and-Planting-Guide-for-Wisconsin-Gardens-P1373.aspx
• http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/Tables/TableList.htm
• go.wisc.edu/planthealthadvising
• Plant vegetables that you and your family like the most.
• Choose vegetables adapted to the Wisconsin growing season (110 frost free days in Southeast Wisconsin).
• Use garden resources to find info and a list of common varieties to plant.
• How much to plant? Know the approximate yield of the plant and family consumption.
Planning the Garden – Think Big! Start Small
Heavy Yielders(per 30 feet of row)
• Cabbage – 60 lbs. (15 plants, 2’ spacing)
• Carrots – 30 lbs. (180 plants, 2” spacing)
• Cucumbers – 30/50 lbs (6 plants, 5’ spacing)
• Tomatoes – 200 lbs (8 plants, 4’ spacing)
• Eggplant – 80 lbs (10 plants, 3’ spacing)
• Beets – 30 lbs (120 plants, 3” spacing).
• Onions – 50 lbs (90 plants, 4” spacing).
• Radishes – 30 bunches (180 plants, 2” spacing)
• Sweet potatoes – 50 lbs(8 plants, 4’ spacing).
• Turnips – 50 lbs (120 plants, 3” spacing).
Medium Yielders(per 30 feet of row)
Light Yielders(per 30 feet of row)
• Asparagus – 20 lbs (15 plants, 2’ spacing).
• Broccoli – 25 lbs (15 plants, 2’ spacing)
• Beans – 10-30 lbs (90 plants, 4” spacing).
• Corn – 30 ears (30 plants, 1’ spacing)
• Peas – 25-15 lbs (180 plants, 2” spacing)
• Potatoes – 30-45 lbs (24 plants, 15” spacing).
• Spinach – 25 lbs (180 plants, 2” spacing).
• Squash – 75-125 lbs (8 plants, 4’ spacing)
Sketch the Garden Plot• Have a garden plot sketch• Perennial vegetables
– Asparagus, rhubarb, berries– Plant at a side of the garden – North, North
west• Group by vegetable families—legume,
cabbage, cucurbits– Plant taller crops to the north – Crop rotation for future years – pest and fertility
management
• Row Orientation – North to South is best• Determine when to plant
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3 4Group by families
Row orientation 5
Arrangement by height 6
Spac
ing/
No.
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lant
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Planting time 8
Vegetable Families• Tomato Family (Solanaceae) – Tomato, potato, egg plant,
peppers, tomatillo• Bean & Pea Family (Leguminaceae) – Peas, beans (green,
lima, pole, dry kidney), soybeans• Cabbage Family (Brassicaceae) – cauliflower, broccoli,
cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale, bok choy, radish, collards, turnip
• Pumpkin Family (Cucurbitaceae) – cucumbers, pumpkin, squash (summer & winter), melons
• Onion Family (Alliaceae) – Onion, garlic, leek, chive• Carrot Family ( Apiaceae) – Carrot, parsley, coriander, fennel,
celery• Beet Family (Chenopodiaceae) – Beet, chard, spinach • Lettuce Family (Asteraceae) – Lettuce, artichoke
Choosing Site Location
• Full sun (6-8 hours) – for maximum yield and better taste
• Clearance from trees – Away from the tree dripline (minimum distance), 50’ away from black walnut
• Clearance from lawn – keep it away from spray drift
• Avoid low lying spots for conventional garden, consider raised beds, beware of frost pocket and high humidity
• Proximity to your house – irrigation, wildlife damage
Sod to Garden• Begin a year before planting• Remove turf grass with a
sod cutter – large areas• Garden spade and garden
fork – small areas• Cover with cardboard
+compost, black plastic or old carpet for 6 weeks
• Raised bed garden• Use herbicide like
Glyphosate, Glufosiante, takes 2 weeks
• Till at least 3 times about 2-3 weeks interval to kill lawn grass and prep your soil
Outdoor Seeding or Transplants?
• Spring & Summer Transplant crops – broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kohlrabi, tomato, pepper, egg plant, head lettuce, okra, parsley, celery
• Spring & Summer Direct seeding in ground –cucumbers, squash, pumpkins, melons, sweet corn, carrot, spinach, lettuce, onion sets, beans, peas, beet, collards, potato seed tuber, radish, turnip,
Fall Planting (Avg. first frost date – mid Oct.)
• Use short maturing varieties• August 1st week:
Transplant crops – Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collards, kaleDirect seeding – beets, carrot, peas, turnips
• September 1st Week: Transplants – KohlrabiSeeds: - Chard, leaf lettuce, mustard greens,
spinach• September 15 – radish seeds
Reference: Sharon Morrisey, former UWEX Hort Agent
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Spring & Summer Outdoor Planting –When?
• Harden the transplants• Cool season vegetable crops – Late April-May 1st
week, soil temperature 50°F, can tolerate light frost
• Warm/tender vegetable crops – Last week May-June 1st week, soil temperature (60-70°F), night temperature above 55°F
• Black plastic mulch can warm up the soil • Raised beds and container gardens provides early
head start in gardening
Source: Vegetable Gardening in the Midwest, University of IL Extension
Shade Tolerant Crops
• Heavy shade (3 hours or less) – Arugula, herbs, lettuce, parsley, salad greens, spinach, scallion – Anise hyssop, chervil, chives, cilantro, parsley and
lemon balm, and even basil tolerate some shade. Sweet woodruff grows in full shade.
– Green salad -Bok choy, tatsoi, endive, and sorrel
• Part shade (4-6 hours) – Beets, carrots, chard, kale, radish, turnips
Reference: Home Garden Seed Association
Know Your Soil
• Soil test – once in 5 years, soil pH, phosphorous, potassium and organic matter, cost $18.00, fall is the best
• Soil labs – go.wisc.edu/planthealthadvising• Vegetable crops – need well drained soil, 4-6
inches of organic matter loosens the soil in conventional bed, 2-3 inches on raised beds
• Examples of organic matter – compost, fall leaves, rotten cow manure, worm casting, peat, green manure (peas, beans, soybeans, alfalfa, clover), coir
When to Prep Your New Garden Bed
• Spring – not too wet and not too dry
• Soil ball test• Add organic matter • Till the soil 6-8 inches
deep for conventional garden and 4 -6 inches deep for raised bed
• Add fertilizer and rake it 2 inches deep
Starting Raised Beds?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IRvTuZyE4s
• 2x10” untreated lumber (Cedar), stones, bricks, synthetic lumber
• Weed barrier underneath• Soil mix options
– Compost, peat, perlite (1:1:1)
– Top soil, peat/compost, perlite (1:1:1)
• Add organic matter annually
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Fertilizer
• Synthetic • Organic
Fertilizer– Synthetic fertilizer, use water soluble
nitrogen type of fertilizer, sprinkle synthetic a week before planting
– Organic fertilizer, sprinkle two weeks before planting• 4 cups for 6x4 raised beds or 15 cups for
100 sq. ft.
– Halfway during plant’s growth, side dress with fertilizer
Granular about 6-12” from rowLeafy vegetables, sweet corn, and root vegetables are half grownTomatoes, peppers, beans, cucumbers, and vine crops have begun to set fruit
Reference: UW Soil Test Lab ReportA week or two week before planting
Side dressing
Light Watering After Fertilizing
Planting Beds
• Straight row furrow– Stretch a twine/rope
between two stakes– Hoe blade to create
furrow, 1.5-2” for large seeds (beans, corn), ¼” for small seeds (lettuce, carrots)
• Wide row planting – Width of the row 3-4’
and desired length– Scatter seeds of carrot,
beets, radish, leaf lettuce
– Can be planted in rows– Onion sets– Requires thinning
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Square Foot Gardening/Raised Bed Planting• Use garden stake• Refer to planting
chart for spacing• Plant in late
evening or during cloudy days
• Water immediately
• Frost protection –floating row covers
Garden Mulch
• Mulching – warming and cooling effect
• Black plastic mulch –warming effect, 5-10°F– Early spring planting– Warm loving vegetable
crops
• Organic mulches – clean straw, clean hay, untreated grass clippings, crushed corncobs, peat, rice hull, compost
Watering
• Soak the soil, at least 1” of water• Water on the base of the plant, avoid overhead
irrigation• Drip irrigation, soaker hose
Trellising & Cages
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Garden Pests & Growing Tips• go.wisc.edu/planthealthadvising
• Call: 608-298-6945• Email: [email protected]• Walk-in Diagnosis PHA Locations (Hours vary by location,
call or email prior to visit):– Kenosha County: Extension Kenosha County, Kenosha County
Center, 19600-75th Street, Suite 2, Bristol, WI 53104– Milwaukee County: Boerner Botanical Garden, 9400 Boerner
Drive, Hales Corners, WI 53130– Racine County: Racine County Ives Grove Offices 14200
Washington Avenue Sturtevant, WI 53177
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