7/23/2019 Vers une relocalisation des activits industrielles ?

1/6

Efs fltrfp

c`ls

e` kglco`

J`aofrs hr`l :86

Sfrrotgorfsft egj`eos`tcfs jtovot

0

Sfrrotgorfsft egj`eos`toglcfs `jtovotsXfrs ulfrfegj`eos`toglcfs `jtovotsolcustrofeefs 7

Efs jr`oltfs eofs `ux cegj`eos`togls

c`jtovots c`ls efs p`ys i`s s`e`orfs%lgt`kkflt c`ls ul jgltfxtf cf jrosf%glt susjot ul rfm`ol coltrt pgure` prgiek`toquf cfs rfegj`eos`togls,Efspgor cf vgor rfvflor fl Hr`ljfefs fkpegos olcustrofes pfrcus ` tfltrftflu p`r peusofurs fxfkpefs rjfltscfltrfprosfs quo% `prs ulf cegj`eos`toglquo l` p`s pgrt sfs hruots% glt r`p`troulf p`rtof gu eflsfkief cf efurs ulotscf prgcujtogl c`ls efurs p`ys cgromolf,Vlf rfegj`eos`togl pfut trf kgtovfp`r peusofurs h`jtfurs tfes quf efspgssoioeots c`utgk`tos`togl cf e`prgcujtogl% efs prgiekfs cf qu`eot cuprgcuot `ssfkie etr`lmfr gu fljgrfefs cohffjuets eofs eegomlfkflt cuk`rja, Sagroqufkflt% feef sfxpeoqufp`r ul prgjfssus cf rjupr`toglc`v`lt`mfs jgkp`r`tohs rfkftt`ltfl qufstogl e` tagrof je`ssoquf cujyjef cu prgcuot, Zfegl Fe KguaguiKguaguc% jf palgklf rfstf tgutfhgos

trgp k`rmol`e pgur pguvgor olvfrsfr e`tflc`ljf cfs cegj`eos`togls% kkf soefst fljgur`m p`r efs pguvgors puieojs,

J, H,

E` rfegj`eos`togl sf cfflot u sfls strojt ft u sfls e`rmf,@u sfls strojt% jfst ef rftgur c`ls ef p`ys cgromolfculots prgcujtovfs% c`ssfkie`mf gu cf kglt`mf%`ltrofurfkflt cegj`eoss sgus covfrsfs hgrkfs c`ls efsp`ys h`oiefs jgts s`e`ro`ux, @u sfls e`rmf% e` rfegj`eos`toglpfut sf cfflor jgkkf ef r`efltossfkflt cu prgjfssus cf

cegj`eos`togl vfrs efs p`ys i`s s`e`orfs% jfst++corf e`rfkosf fl j`usf cfs jagox cf cegj`eos`togl gu e` lgl+cegj`eos`togl c`ls efs sfjtfurs sflsoiefs e` jgkptotoglp`r efs jgts,

Efs kfuiefs Z`k`s% efs eulfttfs @ttge% Mflfvovf Eftaugu Zuee`or !eolmf cf k`osgl/% Zkgiy !bgufts/ rfvflusp`rtofeefkflt cf Jaolf% efs S`xos Iefus rfvflus cu K`rgj%efltrfprosf Kfjj`lg !bgufts/ quo voflt cf r`p`trofr ulf p`rtofcf s` prgcujtogl J`e`os @ut`lt cfxfkpefs quo glt r`voveoltrt pgur jfttf qufstogl quo lfst p`s lguvfeef !Kguaguc%0?1?% 0??:`% 0??:i/,

Ef kguvfkflt jgljfrlf `usso jfrt`ols mr`lcs mrgupfs 2Yfl`uet `llgljf cfs rfegj`eos`togls p`rtofeefs ft% peusrjfkkflt% gl ` v`lt ef rftgur cf Ygssomlge% h`iroj`lt cf

snos% quo ` h`ot rfvflor s` ja`lf cf prgcujtogl cf ffx`toglscf Tgegmlf fl Hr`ljf ft ` `llglj ef r`p`trofkflt cfs snosbulogrs h`iroqus busquojo S w`l c`ls sgl usolf cf A`utf+Z`vgof, Jfs fxfkpefs kgltrflt quf ef palgklf jgljfrlfcfs sfjtfurs cohhrflts% cfs sfrvojfs busqu eolcustrof`utgkgioef,

Efs cfrlorfs kfsurfs c`ocfs ffl`ljorfs `ux fltrfprosfsquo rfegj`eosflt tkgomlflt cf efspgor susjot p`r e`rfegj`eos`togl cf ejglgkof, Gl v` busqu egufr eulf cfssfuefs fltrfprosfs quo ` utoeos e` prokf e` rfegj`eos`togl !cf944 koeeogls cfurgs/ kosf fl pe`jf p`r ef mguvfrlfkflt e`suotf cfs t`ts mlr`ux cf eolcustrof !gjtgirf 944?+hvrofr9404/ 2 e` hglcfrof Egosfeft% hfrkf fl 9440% puos r`jaftffl 944: ft cegj`eosf fl Jaolf% r`p`trof flffl Lgmflt+ef+Ygo !Furf+ft+Egor/,

Eflmgufkflt pgur jf palgklf quo cfkfurf k`rmol`ev` cf p`or `vfj ulf olquotucf mr`lcoss`ltf vos++vos cfscegj`eos`togls, Tgurt`lt% efs jglgkostfs glt eglmtfkpsrfm`rc `vfj if`ujgup cgptokoskf jf kguvfkflt quoesfurflt ea`iotucf cf jorjglsjrorf ux sfjtfurs k`luh`jturofrsoltflsohs fl tr`v`oe lgl qu`eoff !a`ioeefkflt% ja`ussurf%prgcuots efjtrgloqufs ft efjtroqufs/ ft jfrt`olfs rmogls,Kkf so efs cegj`eos`togls cglt e` egmoquf fst cf sgus+tr`otfr cfs kgrjf`ux cf prgcujtogl gu c`ssfkie`mf c`ls efsp`ys i`s s`e`orfs pgur rokpgrtfr ef prgcuot ffl`e cfstol trf jglsgkk c`ls ef p`ys cgromolf rfstflt megi`efkfltcf h`oief `kpefur% efurs fhhfts egj`ux ft sfjtgrofes pfuvflttrf trs okpgrt`lts fl prsfljf cf iegj`mfs cfs fhhfts cfjgkpfls togl u lovf`u k`jrgjglgkoquf, Gl ttflc fl fhhftcfs cegj`eos`togls trgos kj`loskfs jflss jgkpflsfr e`cosp`rotogl cf e`jtovot sur ef tfrrotgorf 2 jgkpfls`togl megi efp`r cfs m`ols cf jgkptotovot% jgkpfls`togl oltfrsfjtgrofeefvfrs efs sfrvojfs ft jgkpfls`togl oltfrrmogl`ef, Ef prfkofrkj`loskf lf hgljtogllf p`s fl r`osgl cfs romocots cfsprox ft cfs jgkpgrtfkflts cf k`rmf cfs fltrfprosfs quolf rpfrjutflt p`s efs jgts cf prgcujtogl cfs p`ys cfcegj`eos`togl sur efurs prox cf vfltf% fl p`rtojueofr pgur efsprgcuots cf kgyfl ft cf a`ut cf m`kkf, Ef cfuxokf fstrfkos fl j`usf p`r e` pgssoioeot jrgoss`ltf cf cegj`eosfrft okpgrtfr efs `jtovots cf sfrvojfs, Ef cfrlofr fst iegqu

7/23/2019 Vers une relocalisation des activits industrielles ?

2/6

7/23/2019 Vers une relocalisation des activits industrielles ?

3/6

Efs fltrfp

c`ls

e` kglco`

J`aofrs hr`l :86

Sfrrotgorfsft egj`eos`tcfs jtovot

:

Ef rflguvfeefkflt cf e` tagrof cujyjef cu prgcuot

E` lguvfeef jglgkof oltfrl`togl`ef ` rflguvfee` tagrof cu jyjef cu prgcuot cf Xfrlgl !0?88/ !9/

colspor`togl lgtfjalgegmoquf% c`ls ef j`crf cf kgcefscf typf Lgrc+Zuc, @olso% Nrumk`l !0?=?/ !:/ flprgpgsf ulf rfhgrkue`togl vfj cfs prgcuots cohhrfljosagrozglt`efkflt 2 ef tr`lshfrt ulovgquf ft cfflotoh cfs p`yscu Lgrc vfrs efs p`ys cu Zuc cfs iofls i`l`eoss pfrkft`ux prfkofrs cf jgltolufr prgcuorf cfs iofls lguvf`uxquo sfrglt efur tgur cegj`eoss vfrs ef Zuc efur st`cfcf i`l`eos`togl, Efs jglgkofs v`ljfs kfttflt u pgoltefs ollgv`togls% h`iroquflt efs lguvf`ux prgcuots ft efskfoeefurfs qu`eots `egrs quf efs p`ys fl cvfegppfkflth`iroquflt efs `ljofls prgcuots ft efs qu`eots efs kgolsigllfs, Cf lguvf`ux prgcuots pp`r`ossflt jgltolkflt`u rytakf cf eollgv`togl suppgs prgpgrtogllfe `ulgkirf cf prgcuots fxost`lt cb, Zo ef rytakf cf tr`lshfrt

cf tfjalgegmof fst suhffs`kkflt r`pocf p`r r`ppgrt `urytakf cfs ollgv`togls% efs p`ys fl rft`rc pgurrgltr`ttr`pfr efs p`ys efs peus `v`ljs% gu cu kgols% ej`rttflcr` sf jgkiefr,

E` rfegj`eos`togl jgkkf rjupr`toglc`v`lt`mfs jgkp`r`tohs

Sagroqufkflt% efs p`ys ollgv`tfurs pfuvflt rjuprfrcfs v`lt`mfs ltrofurfkflt pfrcus p`r r`ppgrt ux p`ysokot`tfurs, @olso% c`ls ef kgcef cf Mrgssk`l ft Afepk`l!0??0/ !3/ `vfj cfux p`ys j`p`jots tfjalgegmoqufscohhrfltfs% efs prgcujtfurs cu Lgrc pfuvflt ollgvfrc`ls e` h`iroj`togl cfs prgcuots okots p`r efs prgcujtfurscu Zuc, Gl gitoflt `egrs ulf sgrtf cf jyjef cu prgcuotflcgmlf 2 ef prgcuot olvflt c`ls p`ys ul rojaf fstokot ft h`iroqu `u Zuc% k`os ef p`ys rojaf `jjgkpeotcfs fhhgrts collgv`togl pgur ef rjuprfr ft cglj efr`p`trofr > jfe` fst pgssoief j`r oe pgsscf efs jgkptfljfsoloto`efs ft efs jtovots cf Y ( C, Efs utfurs jglsocrflte`jtovot cokot`togl cu p`ys cu Zuc jgkkf ulf `jtovot p`rt fltorf quo rfquofrt cfs rfssgurjfs% jf quo fxjeuteaypgtasf tr`cotogllfeef culf cohhusogl `utgk`toqufcfs jgll`oss`ljfs c`ls ef kglcf, T`r`eeefkflt% efspgeotoqufs cf suivfltogl e` rfjafrjaf c`ls ef p`ys cuLgrc umkfltflt ef kglt`lt cfs rfssgurjfs jgls`jrfs jfttf jtovot ft cglj e` prgi`ioeot collgvfr,

@egrs quf e` tagrof cu jyjef cu prgcuot suppgsf ulfpfrtf cfflotovf p`r ef p`ys ollgv tfur cu prgcuot okot ftcegj`eos c`ls efs p`ys rft`rc`t`orfs% jfeuo+jo pfut fl h`otrfprflcrf e`v`lt`mf !Kguaguc% 0??:i/, Jfs rjupr`toglsc`v`lt`mfs jgkp`r`tohs sfxpeoquflt p`r efxostfljfc`v`lt`mfs eglms ft jukue`tohs cfs p`ys ollgv`tfurs surefs iegjs cf jgkptfljfs `y`lt pfrkos eolvfltogl ft e`prgcujtogl cu prgcuot, Jfeuo+jo sfr`% jfrtfs% okot% k`oseokot`togl jgljfrlf uloqufkflt efs j`r`jtrostoqufscu prgcuot, Efs prgjcs pfrkftt`lt cf ef h`iroqufrlf jgrrfspglcflt p`s ljfss`orfkflt jfeefs cu p`ysollgv`tfur > jfst kkf ulf jglcotogl cf s` cegj`eos`togl

c`ls s` pa`sf cf cjeol, Oe fst `egrs pgssoief cfxpeoqufrefs rfprosfs cf jyjef cfs prgcuots suov`lt ulf cfk`lcfcf rflguvfeefkflt cf m`kkfs torf p`r eollgv`togl cfprgjcs ft cf prgcuots, Jglsfrvfr cfs `tguts sur efsjgkptfljfs pfrkft e` hgos cf h`orf vgeufr jfs cfrlorfsvfrs c`utrfs utoeos`togls quf jfeefs cu sfjtfur oloto`e ft cf

rflguvfefr fl pfrk`lfljf ef prgcuot okot, E`v`lt`mf cfegj`eos`togl cf e` prgcujtogl sf kgcofff fl hgljtogl cujyjef collgv`togl+okot`togl cu prgcuot% k`os e`v`lt`mfeglm sur efs jgkptfljfs pfrkft cfs rftgurs c`v`lt`mfsjgkp`r`tohs, Ef jyjef cu prgcuot lf jglstotuf fl h`otquul kgkflt% cf curf trs v`ro`ief% c`ls e` cyl`koqufcvgeutogl cfs jgll`oss`ljfs tfjalgegmoqufs ossufs culsfjtfur cgll,

@kpefur ft `vflor cf e`rfegj`eos`togl 2 cfs egmoqufssfjtgrofeefs k`rqufs

Efs rfegj`eos`togls jglstotuflt ul palgklf k`rmol`ep`r r`ppgrt `ux kguvfkflts cf cegj`eos`togls 2 ja`qufv`muf cf cegj`eos`togls fst suovof cf qufequfs j`s cfrfegj`eos`togls pgur cfs r`osgls eofs eokpfrhfjtogl cfsprgcuots ffl`es% cfs ce`os cf eovr`osgl c`ls efs sfjtfurstr`cotogllfes !bgufts% a`ioeefkflt%/ gu peus mr`vfkflt e` pfrtf cf e`v`lt`mf tfjalgegmoquf cf e` ffrkf quo `cegj`eos c`ls efs sfjtfurs oltflsohs fl jgll`oss`ljf,

C`ls eolcustrof ft efs sfrvojfs% gl pfut prcorf efprgjfssus suov`lt 2 efs rfegj`eos`togls sf cvfegppflt c`lsjfrt`ols sfjtfurs prgcuots pglcrfux g efs jgts cftr`lspgrt ft cf jggrcol`togl jgkptflt ft c`ls efs jtovotsoltflsovfs fl jgll`oss`ljf, Efs jtovots h`oiefs i`rrorfs efltrf gu efs sfrvojfs suppgrts cglt efs jgts cf tr`lshfrtsglt qu`so lues jgltolufrglt trf cegj`eosfs,

Srgos mr`lcfs egmoqufs cfegj`eos`togl cfs `jtovots

E` hgrtf oljfrtotucf quo j`r`jtrosf e` cfk`lcf oljotfefs fltrfprosfs rfjafrjafr e` fxoioeot prgcujtovf, Efsjglsocr`togls egmostoqufs pfuvflt bgufr ul ref prokgrco`ec`ls efs jrotrfs cokpe`lt`togl cf jfrt`olfs `jtovots, Oefxostf trgos egmoqufs cf egj`eos`togl cfs jtovots cfs ffrkfssfegl efurs j`r`jtrostoqufs ft efur olsfrtogl sfjtgrofeef,

!0/ Y`uja B,F, !0?18/% Trgcujtogl Sr`lshfr hrgk Yoja tg TggrJgultrofs %Bgurl`e gh Cfvfegpkflt Fjglgkojs% vge, 9:% l 0,!9/ Xfrlgl Y, !0?88/% Oltfrl`togl`e Olvfstkflt `lc Oltfrl`togl`eSr`cf ol Trgcujt Jyjef % Pu`rtfrey Bgurl`e gh Fjglgkojs% l14,!:/ Nrumk`l !0?=?/% @ Kgcfe gh Ollgv`togl% Sfjalgegmy Sr`ls+hfr% lc taf ]grec Costroiutogl gh Oljgkf %Bgurl`e gh Tgeotoj`eFjglgky % vge, 1= l 9,!3/ Mrgssk`l M,K ft Afepk`l F, !0??0/% Pu`eoty E`ccfrs lcTrgcujt Jyjefs % Pu`rtfrey Bgurl`e gh Fjglgkojs % l 048,

7/23/2019 Vers une relocalisation des activits industrielles ?

4/6

Efs fltrfprosfs

c`ls

e` kglco`eos`togl

J`aofrs hr`l`osl :86

Sfrrotgorfsft egj`eos`toglcfs jtovots

3

Efs sfjtfurs cgkols p`r e` jgkptotovot prox

Jfrt`olfs ffrkfs% c`ls efs sfjtfurs h`oiefs i`rrorfs efltrf cgkols p`r e` jgkptotovot prox% jgltoluflt cfcvfegppfr cfs str`tmofs cf hr`mkflt`togl ft cje`tfkflt

cfs prgjfssus prgcujtohs ejafeef kglco`ef% pgursuov`ltegibfjtoh cf kolokos`togl cfs jgts cf prgcujtogl cfja`quf sfmkflt, Fl fhhft% eegomlfkflt mgmr`paoqufpfut s`jjgkp`mlfr culf prgxokot tfkpgrfeef !votfssfcf eovr`osgl cfs prgcuots ffl`es gu oltfrkco`orfs/ eof uxprgmrs c`ls efs tr`lspgrts ft efs tejgkkuloj`togls ft e`i`ossf cf efurs jgts, Egrm`los`togl t`yegrofllf fst rflcuffxoief sgot p`r ef io`os cu r`pprgjafkflt mgmr`paoquf%sgot p`r e`jjrgossfkflt cf e` votfssf cf jorjue`togl cfsux !rcujtogl cf e` cost`ljf tfkpgrfeef/, Efs fltrfprosfst`yegrofllfs k`os fxoiefs sglt egrs fxpgsfs u rosquf cfv`ro`togls hgrtfs cf efurs rsuet`ts, E` prgxokot cf ce`ofst peus gu kgols s`tosh`otf sfegl efhffj`jot% ef jgt ft e`qu`eot cf e` jggrcol`togl cfs r`ppgrts fltrf efltrfprosf

cgllfusf cgrcrf gu quo cegj`eosf ft efs sgus+tr`ot`lts guefs ffeo`efs cfs ffrkfs kuetol`togl`efs c`ls efs p`ys i`ss`e`orfs, Jf typf cfltrfprosf rfjafrjaf p`r jglsqufltcfs tfrrotgorfs ghhr`lt e` hgos cfs `v`lt`mfs fl tfrkfscf jgts s`e`ro`ux ft cfs olhr`strujturfs cf tr`lspgrt ft cftejgkkuloj`togl fhffj`jfs,

Efs `jtovots prgcuots pglcrfux

Tgur efs `jtovots cglt efs prgcuots sglt pglcrfux!`utgkgioef% p`r fxfkpef/% efltrfprosf jafrjaf hrqufkkfltulf prgxokot cf e` cfk`lcf ffl`ef ft'gu cfs hgurlossfurscf iofls oltfrkco`orfs > efs sgus+tr`ot`lts s`mmegkrfltsguvflt `utgur cfs sotfs c`ssfkie`mf cfs jglstrujtfurs`utgkgioefs, L`lkgols% jfe` jgljfrlf surtgut efs ffrkfscglt e` cfk`lcf fst jgljfltrf mgmr`paoqufkflt sur ulpftot lgkirf cf mrgs jeoflts, Efs str`tmofs cf r`togl`eos`toglflm`mfs p`r efs mr`lcs mrgupfs jglcuosflt e` jfltr`eos`toglcf e` mfstogl cfs ux egmostoqufs ft e` rcujtogl cu lgkirfcf pgolts cf costroiutogl, Fl Furgpf% jfst ef Iflfeux quoilffjof cf jfs gpr`togls cf rfmrgupfkflt cglt prgfftf`usso ef Lgrc+Fst cf e` Hr`ljf,

Efs sfjtfurs oltflsohs fl jgll`oss`ljf

C`ls efs sfjtfurs oltflsohs fl jgll`oss`ljf% e` jgursf eollgv`togl tfjalgegmoquf fltrf geomgpgefs fst ef kgcf cfjgljurrfljf cgkol`lt, E` cegj`eos`togl cf e`ssfkie`mfpgsf `egrs ul prgiekf coltrgcujtogl cfs ollgv`toglscf prgcuots, Fl r`osgl cf e` l`turf cf e`jtovot% cfskgc`eots cf e` jgljurrfljf ft cf e` spjoffjot cfs `jtohsft cfs jgll`oss`ljfs kgioeoss% efs fltrfprosfs quo gptfltpgur ulf grm`los`togl jgmlotovf cu tr`v`oe prsfltfltulf prgpflsogl peus okpgrt`ltf e`ljr`mf tfrrotgro`equf efs ffrkfs t`yegrofllfs fxoiefs, Vl rfmrgupfkfltcfs cohhrfltfs pa`sfs cfs prgjfssus prgcujtohs c`lsulf rmogl cvfegppf% ghhr`lt cfs `v`lt`mfs fl tfrkfscf jgkptfljfs cf tr`v`oe qu`eoff ft cf ffsj`eot% tflc

sfhhfjtufr tgut fl jglsfrv`lt cfs gpr`togls cfcegj`eos`togl gu cf sgus+tr`ot`ljf cf prgxokot, Efs `ocfsffl`ljorfs !c`ls efs zglfs hr`ljafs p`r fxfkpef/ sgltcs egrs kgols cjosovfs quf e` j`p`jot cfs tfrrotgorfs prgcuorf ft hgurlor cfs jgkptfljfs spjoffqufs ft h`vgrosfr eollgv`togl tfjalgegmoquf ft efs j`p`jots

c`c`pt`togl egisgefsjfljf r`pocf cfs jgll`oss`ljfs,

Cfs str`tmofs cf egj`eos`toglolufljfs p`r eoljfrtotucf cfeflvorgllfkflt jglgkoquf

C`ls ul jgltfxtf cf hgrtf oljfrtotucf sur ef cfvflor cf efursk`rjas% k`os usso cf efurs tfjalgegmofs% efs ffrkfs cgovflt`usso kfttrf fl uvrf ulf grm`los`togl ft cfs str`tmofs cfegj`eos`togl efur pfrkftt`lt cvotfr eorrvfrsoioeot c`lsefurs jagox grm`los`togllfes `egrs kkf quf evgeutogl cfeflvorgllfkflt jglgkoquf okpeoqufr`ot ul ja`lmfkflt cfstr`tmof, Efs str`tmofs cfxtfrl`eos`togl rpglcflt sguvflt

jfttf kgtov`togl j`r feefs pfrkfttflt cf tr`lshrfr e` ja`rmfcf eoljfrtotucf vfrs cfs jtfurs fxtrofurs efltrfprosf, Teusmlr`efkflt% egrm`los`togl fl rsf`u umkfltf ef cfmr cfr`jtovot cfs fltrfprosfs ft h`joeotf efs rfcpegofkflts,

Fl gutrf% tgus efs sfjtfurs sglt k`rqus p`r efs okpr`tohscf r`jtovot eoljfrtotucf cf e` cfk`lcf eof e` vfrs`toeotcfs jglsgkk`tfurs ft `ux fxomfljfs cfs costroiutfurs,Jfrt`olfs ffrkfs t`yegrofllfs fxoiefs tfltflt `egrs cfrflcrf jgkp`toiefs e` cegj`eos`togl cfs jtovots tgus zokutsft e` r`jtovot `ux k`rjas fl kos`lt sur efs olhr`strujturfsegmostoqufs ft efs SOJ, C`utrfs ffrkfs% `y`lt `cgpt ulfegmoquf cf covosogl jgmlotovf cu tr`v`oe% prhrflt jglsgeocfrefurs j`p`jots collgv togl fl jglsfrv`lt efurs jtovots c`lsefs mr`lcfs `mmegkr`togls cfs p`ys cvfegpps,

Oe fxostf cglj ulf mr`lcf atrgmlot cfs egmoqufs%cfs ctfrkol`lts ft cfs hgrkfs cf cegj`eos`togl ft cf e`rfegj`eos`togl, Jfttf atrgmlot rfjgupf cfs egmoqufssfjtgrofeefs k`os m`efkflt cfs cohhrfljfs cf jgkpgrtfkfltscf ffrkfs, Gl pfut cs egrs prgpgsfr ulf tagrof fxpeoj`tovfcf jfs jagox fl rfjgur`lt ulf l`eysf fl tfrkfs cf egmoqufscf covosogl cu tr`v`oe,

Efs egmoqufs cf covosogl cu tr`v`oe

Efs cegj`eos`togls jgfxostflt `vfj efs kguvfkfltscf rfegj`eos`togls c`ls efs kkfs sfjtfurs p`rjf quf efskgcfs cgrm`los`togl cu tr`v`oe eoltrofur cfs mrgupfsjgkkf cfs TKF sglt fux+kkfs atrgmlfs sfegl efsegmoqufs cf e` jgljurrfljf cgkol`ltfs c`ls ef sfjtfurc`pp`rtfl`ljf culf p`rt ft sfegl ef cjgup`mf cf e`ja`lf cf e` v`efur c`utrf p`rt,

C`ls eflsfkief cfs sfjtfurs% cfs `jtovots sgltsokuet`lkflt sgukosfs e` jgljurrfljf hglcf sureollgv`togl !egmoquf jgmlotovf/ ft sur efs prox !egmoquft`yegrofllf/% eokpgrt`ljf cf jfs cfux hgrkfs cfjgljurrfljf t`lt v`ro`ief, C`ls efs cgk`olfs oltflsohsfl Y ( C !efjtrgloquf% olhgrk`toquf% pa`rk`jof%iogtfjalgegmofs% ftj,/% efs fhhfts cf pge`ros`togl sgltcgkol`lts, Efs egmoqufs jfltrohumfs cf cegj`eos`togl

7/23/2019 Vers une relocalisation des activits industrielles ?

5/6

Efs fltrfp

c`ls

e` kglco`

J`aofrs hr`l :86

Sfrrotgorfsft egj`eos`tcfs jtovot

6

vfrs efs p`ys proparoqufs sgisfrvflt c`ls efs `jtovotsjgljurrfltofeefs h`oiefs i`rrorfs efltrf% fkpegy`ltulf k`ol+cuvrf kgols qu`eofff !a`ioeefkflt% bgufts%ja`ussurfs% jfltrfs c`ppfe% sfrvojfs olhgrk`toqufs cfs`osof% sfrvojfs cf jgkpt`ioeot% ftj,/, Cg e` jgkp`toioeot%c`ls e` kglco`eos`togl jgltfkpgr`olf% cf egmoqufs cf

jgljfltr`togl ft cf cospfrsogl cfs `jtovots,

Efs `ocfs `ux fltrfprosfspgur rfegj`eosfr sglt+feefsfhffj`jfs 7

E` peup`rt cfs fltrfprosfs quo glt cjoc cf rfegj`eosfrc`ls efur p`ys cgromolf eglt h`ot olcpflc`kkflt cfs ocfspuieoqufs% p`rjf quf efurs gpr`togls cf cegj`eos`togl hurfltul jafj gu p`rjf qufeefs glt cjoc cf rfkpe`jfr ef tr`v`oep`r e`utgk`tos`togl ft ilffjofr cf e` prgxokot cfs k`rjas,Efs kfsurfs oljot`lt rfegj`eosfr pgurr`oflt `vgor ul okp`jt

sur efs fltrfprosfs quo cegj`eosflt pgur cf vr`ofs r`osgls cfjgkptotovot% jfst++corf jfeefs quo sgus+tr`otflt ulf p`rtofcf efurs jtovots c`ssfkie`mf ft utoeosflt if`ujgup cf tr`v`oec`ls efs p`ys i`s s`e`orfs ffl cf pguvgor cokolufr efurs proxcf vfltf, K`os% kkf c`ls jf j`s% e` kfsurf lfst p`s kkfcf jgkpflsfr ef cohhrfltofe cf jgt s`e`ro`e fltrf e` Hr`ljfft efs p`ys i`s s`e`orfs% kgols qufeefs sgoflt rfe`yfs p`rulf cjosogl c`utgk`tos`togl cf e`ssfkie`mf, Gr% bustfkflt%efs `jtovots efs peus jgljfrlfs p`r e` cegj`eos`togl lf sgltp`s `utgk`tos`iefs,

@ hgrtogro% e` kfsurf l`ur` ujul fhhft sur efs ffrkfs quo`cgptflt cfs jgkpgrtfkflts cf k`rmf fl k`oltfl`lt efursprox cf vfltf !cfs prgcuots cf kgyfl ft a`ut cf m`kkfcegj`eoss fl Jaolf p`r fxfkpef/ `eomls sur efs jgtscf prgcujtogl hr`l`os gu `kroj`ols, Feefs kosflt sur e`egmostoquf% efs tfjalgegmofs cf eolhgrk`togl ft efs tr`lspgrtspgur jjerfr efurs eovr`osgls ft rpglcrf ux v`ro`togls cfe` cfk`lcf c`ls efs p`ys cf jglsgkk`togl olso quf sur e`jr`togl cf k`rqufs pgur k`squfr e` cegj`eos`togl culfp`rtof gu cf e` tgt`eot cf efur prgcujtogl, Jfs ffrkfs% quogprflt sguvflt c`ls cfs sfjtfurs g efs i`rrorfs efltrfsglt h`oiefs% ja`lmflt r`pocfkflt cf tfrrotgorf,

Fl rfv`ljaf% oe fst pgssoief% ft jfe` sfst vu if`ujgup p`ref p`ss% quf efs ocfs lf sfrvflt qu ttorfr cfs ja`ssfurscf prokfs ft efs fltrfprosfs lgk`cfs, Ft% cf h`ot% cf trslgkirfusfs fltrfprosfs fkpgjaflt efs ocfs ft quottflt eftfrrotgorf e`pprgjaf cf e` ffl cf e` progcf cfxglr`toglcfs ja`rmfs sgjo`efs gu ffsj`efs, Fl h`ot% efs rfegj`eos`toglsprfllfs sglt eofs cfs kgtohs cf jgkptotovot p`reollgv togl ft lgl p`r efs prox,

Fl gutrf% kkf so jfttf prokf e` rfegj`eos`togl pguv`oth`orf rfvflor cfs fltrfprosfs fl Hr`ljf% jfe` sf hfr`ot `uctrokflt cfs horkfs if`ujgup peus lgkirfusfs quojgltoluflt prgcuorf fl Hr`ljf, Flffl% efs gpr`togls cfpuieojot `utgur cf jfrt`olfs rfegj`eos`togls j`jaflt ulfr`eot kgols bgyfusf 2 e` rfegj`eos`togl lf jgljfrlf quulfp`rtof k`rmol`ef cf e` prgcujtogl sgus+tr`otf etr`lmfr,E` a`ussf cfs prox quo sflsuot pgur jguvror ef cohhrfltofe cfjgt sf rpfrjutf sur tgutf e` m`kkf cfs prgcuots% y jgkprosjfux quo jgltoluflt vflor cfs p`ys i`s s`e`orfs,

@ltojopfr efs jagjs cfstfrrotgorfs

E` vuelr`ioeot cfs tfrrotgorfs cpflc cu sfjtfur

c`jtovot ft cu jgkpgrtfkflt cfs fltrfprosfs, Fl Hr`ljf%ulf volmt`olf cf zglfs cfkpegos cgovflt ttorfr e`ttfltoglj`r feefs jukueflt ef cguief a`lcoj`p culf mr`lcf hr`moeot`u jgkkfrjf oltfrl`togl`e !`vfj peus cf :4 & cfkpegoc`ls efs `jtovots rosquf trs efv/ ft cf j`r`jtrostoqufsstrujturfeefs pfu h`vgr`iefs !lgt`kkflt ulf spjo`eos`toglsfjtgrofeef k`rquf% ulf h`oief utglgkof cfs t`ieossfkflts%ulf h`oief tfjalgegmof cfs ulots prgcujtovfs ft ulf`iglc`ljf cf e` k`ol+cuvrf pfu qu`eofff/, Cospfrsfsft osgefs sur ef tfrrotgorf% jfs fltrfprosfs suiossflt cf pefolhguft e` jgljurrfljf cfs p`ys i`s s`e`orfs ft efs fhhfts cfscegj`eos`togls,

Cfpuos trfltf `ls% efs pgeotoqufs puieoqufs sgutofllfltefs tfrrotgorfs ulf hgos e` cegj`eos`togl gu e` rfstrujtur`togl

fhhfjtuf, Vlf oltfrvfltogl `prs jgup fl `oc`lt efsfltrfprosfs !fxglr`togls cf t`xfs% suivfltogls/ ` pgurfhhft cf vfrrguoeefr ef tfrrotgorf c`ls sfs cohffjuets `u eofucf e`ocfr sf covfrsofffr, Efs efgls cu p`ss lglt p`s trftflufs, Ef p`r`cgxf fst quf efs `ocfs sf jgljfltrflt surefs kgioefs !fltrfprosfs/ ft e`ossflt cf jt efs okkgioefs%jfst++corf efs agkkfs ft efs hfkkfs quo vovflt sur efstfrrotgorfs vuelr`iefs h`jf e` kglco`eos`togl,

Vlf pgeotoquf peus ghhflsovf sfr`ot c`ltojopfr efs jagjsfl jgljfltr`lt efs `ocfs corfjtfkflt sur efs pfrsgllfs 2pgeotoqufs ccuj`togl% cf hgrk`togl% c`jquosotogl cfse`lmufs tr`lmrfs% olhr`strujturfs cu tfrrotgorf euo+kkf,Jf typf c`v`lt`mfs fst susjfptoief c`ttorfr efs fltrfprosfscglt e` vgj`togl e`ljr`mf tfrrotgro`e fst peus hgrtf, Jfsfltrfprosfs torflt efurs `v`lt`mfs cf e` qu`eot cu tfrrotgorf%cfs olstotutogls ft cf e` qu`eoffj`togl cf e` k`ol+cuvrfpeutt quf cf e` egmostoquf,

Fe Kguagui Kguaguc%Trghfssfur cjglgkof eVlovfrsot T`ros C`upaolf

Tgur fl s`vgor peus

Koja`eft J,+@, !9449/% Pufst jf quf kglco`eos`togl% T`ros%E` Cjguvfrtf,

Kguaguc F,K, 2

+ !9441`/% Kglco`eos`togl ft cegj`eos`togl cfs fltrfprosfs%

T`ros% E` Cjguvfrtf% jgee, Yfprfs >

+ !9441i/% E` cegj`eos`togl cfs `jtovots cf sfrvojfs 2pgtflto`eots ft r`eots 7 % Yfvuf Yosqufs% l =6 >

+ !0??:`/% Ja`lmfkflt tfjaloquf ft covosogl oltfrl`togl`ef

!rfjgkpgsotogl cfs prgjfssus prgcujtohs ft str`tmofs cfrfegj`eos`togl cfs ffrkfs kuetol`togl`efs/% T`ros% Fjglg+

koj` >

+ !0??:i/% Ja`lmfkflt tfjaloquf% v`lt`mfs jgkp`r`tohs%ft cegj`eos`togl'rfegj`eos`togl cfs jtovots olcustrofeefs %

Yfvuf cjglgkof Tgeotoquf% vge, 04:% l 6 >

7/23/2019 Vers une relocalisation des activits industrielles ?

6/6

Efs fltrfprosfs

c`ls

e` kglco`eos`togl

J`aofrs hr`l`osl :86

Sfrrotgorfsft egj`eos`toglcfs jtovots

8

+ !0?1?/% Efs str`tmofs cf rfegj`eos`togl cfs ffrkfs kue+

tol`togl`efs Yfvuf cjglgkof Tgeotoquf% vge, ??% l 0,

Sfrtrf cu Ja, !9441/% Megi`eos`togl ft sfrvojf 2 pgur ul

ja`lmfkflt cf pfrspfjtovf % cgjukflt cf tr`v`oe MFYKF+@SFKOZ% Vlovfrsot T`ros =,