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fOLIVIWHVIKb Hf\ HCTOPHKO-cJ>HnOnOrH4ECKH CI>I\KYnTETb KHI-'Irf\ XVIII f\NNUF\IRE DE L' U N I V E R S I T E D E S 0 F I F\ FI\CULTE HISTORICO-PHILOLOGIQUE TOME XVIII CO<t>H51 nEYRTHHU.R n. fllYWKOBb, 60TEBb IS 1922

XVIII - WordPress.com...1. B "b c r 11 H H 'f e c K H 3 11 r o a o p "b H 11 B a c H n "b X. B b n KOB"b Bb 6pi!Hnl! npt.3b 1843 rOAIUII!, OT"b A·pb CTp. C T 0 II H "b p 0 M I! H

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  • fOLIVIWHVIKb Hf\

    CO~HHCK~~ YHHBEPC~TETb

    HCTOPHKO-cJ>HnOnOrH4ECKH CI>I\KYnTETb

    KHI-'Irf\ XVIII

    f\NNUF\IRE DE

    L' U N I V E R S I T E D E S 0 F I F\

    FI\CULTE HISTORICO-PHILOLOGIQUE

    TOME XVIII

    COH51 nEYRTHHU.R n. fllYWKOBb, 60TEBb IS

    1922

  • rOLIV1WHV1Kb Hf\

    CO~~~CK~~ YH~BEPC~TETb

    HCTOPHKO-Cl>H110110rH4ECKH cJ> 1\KY JlTETb

    KHJ.-frf\ XVIII.

    f\NNUf\IRE DE

    L' U N I V E R S I T E D E S 0 F I A

    FI\CUL TE HISTORICO-PHILOLOGIQUE

    TOME XVIII.

    COct>YI$1 nE4RTHHUR n. f/lYWKOBb, EiOTEBb 1.)

    1922.

  • 1. B "b c r 11 H H 'f e c K H 3 11 r o a o p "b H 11 B a c H n "b X. B b n-KOB"b Bb 6pi!Hnl! npt.3b 1843 rOAIUII!, OT"b A·pb

    CTp.

    C T 0 II H "b p 0 M I! H C I( H, pellOBeH"b npocpecOpb • 1-132

    2. n p 0 H 3 X 0 A b T b HI! a H T H c eM H T H 3M 1!, OTb A-p"b r. H. K a ~ a p o a b, peAOBeHb npocpecopb 1-32

    3. P a 3 a o If H a K n 11 c H 'f e c K a T 11 cp H n o no r H 11, OT"b A-p"b D.. A e 'f e a b, peAoBeH"b AOL-'eHT"b 1-20

    4. T p a K o- Hen r c K 11 e 3 H K o a 11 y c n o p e A H '"-' 11, OTb A-pb A· A e 'f e a "b, peAOBeH"b AOUeHTb 1-48

    5. 3 n ox a C a 11 ~ e H H 11 r o c o 10 3 a opAHHBpHaro npocpeccopl! 3. A. r pH M M 11 1- t08

    6. Q T K n 0 H e H H \1 H I! B e p T H K a n I! T I! B b 6 "b n r I! p H II, c"b eAHa Kapil!, OT"b H o p A a H b A. K o a 11 'f e a b, 'fi!CTeH"b AOL-'eHT"b

    7. M I! T e pH II n H 3 a C pt. A He B t. K 0 B HaT I! H C T 0 pH"' H a 6 b n r I! pH II, OTb A-pb neT b p b H H H.O B "b, peAOBeHb AOL-'eHTb

    H C T 0 pH II HI! 6 II A II H C K 0 T 0 H H II )f{ e C T B 0 A 0 132;) r.,

    1-28

    1-22

    OT"b A-p"b neT b p b H H K 0 B b, peAOBeHb AOL-'eHTb. • 1-124

    9. 1\ p X H B I! T a H I! 8 a p H e H C K I! T a M H T p 0 n 0 n II II 0 T b n pt. A M 0 C B 0 6 0 1K A e H H e T 0, OTb .Q ·pb n e T b p b H H-K 0 a b, peAOBeHb AOL-'eHTb • ! -20

    10. 3 H I! H H e H B t. p I! B b H a y 'f H 0 T 0 n 0 3 H I! H H e, OTb A-pb C n 11 p 11 A o .. b K a 3 11 H A )f{ 11 e a b, peAoaeHb AO~eHTb 1-24

    Table des matieres 1. U n c o m p I o t b u I g a r e d e V a s s i I i H 11 d j i V o I k o v a

    Bra i 111 en 1843, par le D-r S to j 11 n Rom 11 n sky, pro-

    P11ges

    fesseur oodinl!ire • J-132

    2. L' o r I g In e d e I' 11 f) t I s ~ m I t i s m e, pl!r le D-r G. I. K a-z a r o v, proresseur ordinl!lre • 1-32

    3, L e d ~ v e I o p p e m e n t d e I 11 p h i I o I o g I e c II! s s I q u e, par le D-r D. De t c he v, docent 1-20

  • IV

    Pages 4. l e t h race e t ~ c e It i que Par a II e I e s I in g u is-

    t I q u e s, par le D-r D. D e t c h e v, docent 1-48

    5. L' ~ p o q u e d e I a S a i n t e-1\ II i a n c e, par E, D. G r i m m, professeur ordlnaire • 1-108

    6. L a d e v i a t i o n d e I a v e r I I c a I e e n 8 u I g a r i e, avec une carte, par Jordan D. Kovatch e v, privet-docent • I- 28

    7. M a t e r i a u x s u r I' h i s t o i r e b u I g a r e d u m o y e n age. pat le D-r Pie r r e N i k o v, docent · 1-22

    a. H i s to i r e d e I a p r i n c i p a u t e d e V i d i n j u s q u' a 132J, par le D-r Pierre N i k o v, docent • • 1-124

    9. L e s a r c h i v e s d e I a m e t r o p o I e b u I g a r e d e Varna avant 1!.!77, par le D-r Pierre Nikov, docent• 1-20

    10. L e s a v o I r e t I a f o i d a n s I a c o n n a i s s a n c e scientifique. par le D-r Spiridon Kazandjlev, docent t-24

  • fOA~WH~Kb HA COtll~~CK~fl YH~BEPC~TETb HCTOPHKO !lllo1110110flo14ECKH !llAKY JlTETb

    KHHfA XVIII. 8.

    ANNUAIRE DE L"UNIVERSITE DE SOFIA FACUL TE HISTORICO·PHILOLOGIOUE

    TOME XVIII. 8.

    iltCTOPiltA HA

    BMAMHCKOTO KHH}f{ECTBO AO 1323 fOAHHa

    OTh • nETbPb HHKOBb

    - -

    HISTOIRE

    DE LA PRINCIPAUTE DE VIOIN jusqu'a 1323.

    PRI<

    PIERRE NIKOV

    CO~H 1922

  • -npt..LV1CTOpHR H reHe3HC"'b Ha BMAHHCKOTO KHRH

  • 4 nen.pl> H11K081>

    crpa)f(a. KOSITO no o6nkKnoro ro c~ena 38 rpbK"b, a PoM8Hb ce cn8CH1lb, 1Tb capb3Ba Bb3HHKBaHero Ha rpaAa Cb cntAHHSI

    nereHAapeHb pa3K83b: .CrpaHara Me)f(AY AyHaB"b H Mopaaa 611111> Htt H cecrpa. 6parbTb ce Ka3aanb HHwa, a cecrpara - BHAa. Tt CH noAi;nHnH c.rpa-HaT8 raKa. ~e BHAa nony~Hna npH,n.yHaacKara o6nacrb, a HHwa noKpaHHHHara H8 H11waaa 11 M:lpaaa. CntAb rosa BHAa nocrpoH-na Ha AtCHHSI 6pkrD Ha AyHaaa rpaAa BHAHH"b, a 6par1> i1 -rpaAa HHwb Ha p. H11wasaK .~ CnopeAb BHD.tHHero nbK"b Ha npo-

    poKD HcaH ocHosarenb Ha BHAHH"b 611111> KoHcraHTHHb BenH' orb Bononia (Bonin - Bdin), TDH KaKTO Nin OTb Nona, Labin (f\lbin) orb F\lbona H T. H., AOKaro

    AHewHoro BHAHH"b e eAHa no-Kl>CHO o6pa3yBaHa HapOAHa eTHMO-norHH - npHnararenHo orb )f(eHcKoro HMe BHAa, Ha ocHoaaren-Kara Ha rpa,11a.~ 81> cptAHHrt siiKoae rpaAbT"b ce e K83BI1lb Ha 6bnrapcKH 6 b A bl H b (6bD,HHb, 6AHHb, 6bAHHb), y BH38HTHH·

    QHTt Bvr'>ii'IJ (Bu~'''''l· Bu'Jii•IJ): yHrapuHrt ro HapH~anH Budin (Budinum, Budun, Bodon), a poMbHHri; - Diu.

    Bb 6bnrdpCt

  • HcropH• Ha BHAHHCKoro KH11111ecrao no 13:.1,3 roAHHa 5

    ·tt C'b ornH'IHO reorpaKaaara. Orb cBOSI pHMCKH np'k.a,wecraeHHK'b roi1 npHTe>Ka&an'b e.aHa CHnHa

    Kp~nOCTb, KORTO 6Hna B'b306HOBeHa, nonpa&eHa H .llOn'bnHeHa np~3'b Cp~.QHHn BiiKoBe Orb 6'bJlr8pH H BH3BHTHHU,H, a B'b no-HOBO Bp~Me - OT'b rypU,HT-8; TSI Ce e 3ana3H118 H .llO .llHet'b MHOrO .ao6p~ no.a,'b HMe BH.IlHHH KynH HnH 6a6a BH.aat. TaJH cHnHa Kp~nocrb npH.Il8Ban8 Ha rpa.a,a xapaKrepb Ha eAHH'b rpa· HH4eH'b onnOT'b npOTHBb HenpHSITe!lHT"\; H8 Abp>KBBIITB, KOHTO e

    nocny>KH11b .a,o6p-B KBKTO npH nbpaoro, raKa H npH aroporo uap-

    crao. Bb ap~Me Ha rHraHTCKara 6op6a Me>K.a,y u,apb CaMyHna H HMneparopa BacHnHi1 II BH.QHHCKaT8 Kptnocrb oKa3ana MHoro rontMa cbnpoTHaa H e.a,aa cniiAb oceMMtce'iHa reH

  • 6 nerbpb HHKOBb

    rpa.QCK8T8 UbpKBII, 1 II nO•KbCHO (KbM"b 1020 r.) - Ha OXpHACKH!t> apxHenHCKOnb. V!Mneparopb BacHnHH II pa3npaaR B"b caona rpa-Mora, C"b KORTO onpi;,Qi;nR rpaHHUHl't Ha OXpH.QCK8T8 apXHenH-

    CKOnHR, 'le BHAHHCKara u"bpKaa MY ce noKaJana B"b ap'tMe Ha

    Jaana.QtaaHero Hll 6"bnrapH51 cKnOHHa H noneJHa, Lfe MY OTKpHna

    npoxoAHTt H npaaHr-5 n~THLU& Ha crpaHara. Karo Harpa.Qa :!Ia T83H ycnyra TOH onpt.Qi;nHn"b, LUOTO no H3KJ110LfeHHe BH,QHHCKHIITb enHCKOn"b ,Q8 npHte)l(888 40 K11HpHUH H 40 napHUH, T. e. 10 na-pHUH nO·Be4e H OT"b C8MHII OXpHACKH apxHenHCKOn"b, Ha KOHTO

    rol1 e 6Hnb nO.Q4HHeHb.1

    np't3b aptMe Ha 8H:!I8HTHHCKOTO 8118,QH4eCTBO, B"b n"bpaara

    nonoaHHa Hll XI atKb, B"b BHAHH"b e 6Hnb noKpbCTeH"b e3HYe-CKHRTb KHII3b f\xryMb, nOTOMbKb H8 6"bnrapCKHR KHR3"b rnanb,

    KOHTO 3e11"b crpaHara Ha BH3aHTHHUHr't npontB"b YHrapHII, Ho

    JarHHanb B"b nocntnaanara 6op6a3Yno-K"bCHO, np't3b aropara no-

    noaHHa Ha c~woro cron'trHe, Koraro KyMaHHr't HaxnynH nnll'!·

    KOCB8HKH B"b BH38HTHHCK8T8 HMnepHSI, BHAHHb H Heroaara o6naCTb

    crpaAanH MHoro orb rtxHHTii HanaAeHHSI. 6naronapeHHe Ha caoe-

    ro reorpaHLfeCKO nono)l(eHHe, rpaA"bTb e 6Hnb cHnHo Jacrpa-

    weHb. OxpHACKHRTb apxHenHCKOnb TeoHnaKTb, Ha Kororo 6Hna

    nO,QLfHHeHa BHAHHCK8T8 UnPKBa, OTnpaBHJl"b KbMb enHCKOna Ha

    c~ara AYMH 38 HBCDpALfeHHe~. VI Koraro nocnii.QHHRT"b cntAb HJatcrHo aptMe yMpiin"b, 6Hno e TB"bpAii MJI\LfHO .Qa MY ce Ha-

    MtpH H8CJ1tAHHKb 38 TOBII 88)1(HQ H H3110)I(eHO MtCTO, 38WOTO

    TOJH rpil6ano, KaKro Ka3aa TeoHnaKTb, .Qa 6JI\Ae H&AapeHb Cb MHoro nptHMywecraa".

    CntA"b ocHoaaaaHero Ha aroporo 61>nrapcKo uapcnso BHllHH·

    CKara o6nacrb antJna naK"b Bb HeroaHrii rpaHHuH. Ha nbpao

    1 B>K. Byzentinische Zeitschrift, II ( 18Y3), crp. 5.1. 2 Cpa. rpeMOTIITII Hll BllcHnHII II, H3A orb G e I z e r ab Byz11nt. Zeitschr.

    II (1893), crp. 45, Cll\11.\0 y E. r 0 n y 6 H H c K i H, KpllrKIH: oqepKb HCTopiH np11aocn11BHbiXb ltepKaeli. MocKBII lll71, crp. 261: ·-Drt .-rf_Joo•pwgorctr,l cu~r ,1 /(Ot i'l','OI't xn; :r~HJlJthprt%t,JTdr,, zrti :r~u).; ri1,· r~j~' Jt·Jpa; fiJ{}E:lrtP t}t~t',.· r,·!:-.' ,/o,J,}o,·~~ d •·ltJJ~-t ,., .. ,;:.

    ~ St. End I i c he r, Rerum Hung11ric11rum monument!! 11rp11dl11n11. San-QIIIIi lll49 (Vita S. Ger11rdi, + 104~. episcopi chen~~densis), cTp. 214: • , .. qui (r. e. RxryMb) secundum ritum Grecorum in ciultete Budin fuer11t bepti-zatus•.

    _ 4 M i g n e, Petrologi11e curs us completus. Series greece: t. 126, p. 3dti-7" .._ :. lb. crp. 525: •J1i ~·ti!! di•t)(u~ .. : trtiHu rr. e. rri F\-rtoxo:qj fl,·thl'tl..:;. CJt''i%1%!HJ11JI~/rov, %

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    ap"hMe HJrneH

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  • 1-iCTOpMII Ha BHAHHCKOTO KHRlKeCTBO no 1323 rOAHHa 9

    CntiA"b ocHoaaaaHero Ha aroporo 6'bnrap;:Ko uapcrao 8,.

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  • 10 ner"bp'b HHKOB'b

    npH Hacnii.llHHUHTii H8 KanOSIH8, npH DopHna, npH Ha.

    f\c'SHII 11. np11 KonoMaHa, npH MHxaHn"b II f\ciiHb, C"bnepHH~eCTaoro OK0/10 811BAiiHI1eTO Ha TiiJH cnopHH. JeMH npOA"bn>KH/10, AOK8TO

    H8H·nO.Il11p"b npH nocnt.llH11SI Tii 6H11H OKOH~arenHO JaeTH OT"b

    yHrapu11rt. YHrapuHrii ce B"bJnomyaanH OT"b yna,lll>Ka Ha 6bn·

    rapcKara Al>p>Kaaa cn'6.a1> CM"bpTb ra Ha KanostHa, Ja .na rypSITh

    p}II.K8 Ha cnopHi1SI 6"bnrapCKH c"hsepoJanaA"b. 3acrpaweH"b orb

    B"bHWH11 Henp11snen11 H Heycni5XI1, np11TI1CHaT"b OTb B}II.TpiiWHH

    cMyrose H pesomou11S1 Bb A"bp>Kaaa c11, KanoSIHOBHSIT"b np11eMHI1t

  • 1-icropHII Hll BH.QHHCKOTO KHIIlKecrao no 1323 ro.QHHII 1 r

    e no6Hno cHna na CH l!l"bJB"bpHe rt3H 6"bnrapcKH 3eM11.1 Ha-

    npori1B"b, H8CTJF.OHnH cn'S.Q"b 1088 C"b6HTH51, KOHTO 00CT2IBHnH HB

    3a.QeH"b nnaH"b 11 HaKpai1 C"bBCtM"b orcrpaHHn11 6"bnrapCKHrt npe-reHUI1H H 8COHp8UHH H21Jl"b T'SJH leMH.

    3ary6ara Ha c"Saepo3ananHo6"bnrapcKHr"k o6nacrH, 6tn-

    rpan"b 11 6paHI1"1eao, 611na OTb rontMo JH21"1eHHe 321 t"bC"kAHara

    BHAHHCKa o6nacrb. Orb rosa aptMe nocn"knHar21 Ha"'eHana All

    cn"Snaa CJit.n6ar8 11 HenocroHHoro nonHTH"'ecKo nono)f(eHHe Ha

    nbpBHT"k. Ycno&HSIITa Henptcr21HHO rn8CK8nH K"bM"b Hei1Horo o6o- 1 co6HaaHe 11 orntnHHe OT"b TbpHoBcKoro uapcrao 11 raK8 nocre-

    neHHO ce C"b3A21na OCHOB8T8 38 o6p83yaaHe Ha no-nocntwHoro 1

    BI1JlHHCKO KH!iUKecrao. Oll.le nptJ"b apt Me H8 6op621r21 Me)f(AY 1

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    aptMe H8 Ha. F\ctlib II TR 6Hna nptnMeTb Ha yHrapcKH Han21-neHHR. HMeHHO, cn"kAb K21TO no6poc"bc'SncKHr"k orHoweHHII Me)f(ny

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    pRT21 Ha yHrapcKHR Kp8nb F\HApei1 II, 6HnH no enHa HnH npyra-npH"'HHa noMp8"1eHH H Me)f(AY na"krl; crp21HH HJ6yxH8na aoi1H21

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    "!ecrHrt aoi1HH Me)f(ny na"Srt crp21HH yHr8pUHrt •1ecro nptMH-

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    senberg, p. 152 • .J.

  • 12 nenopb HHKOB"'b

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    113CT.IF.nl1na Ja ri;xHata 38ll.l11Ta. YJypnarop'bTb KonoMaHb (II), y611e'-lbTb Ha M11xa11na f\ci>Hb, e 61111b npi;.ll11 roaa 113Mi>creH'b

    11 y611T'b, HMeHHO OTb 18311 6011SipCKB napt11R, KORTO Clli>A'b 10S8

    Jena B118CTbT8. 8'b IOrOHJTO'!Ha 5bnrapH!1 Apyr'b e,QHH'b pO,IlCTS~

    HI1Kb Ha f\ci>Heaara .ll11HacTI1SI no >HeHCKa 1111HHR, M11uo (A11MH·

  • HcTOpH!I Ha BHAHHCKOTO KH!IHCeCTBO AO J32J fOAHHa ]J

    T"'bp"'b), ce npOB"'b3rnacHnb 3a u.apb npereHAeHTb, 6e3"h Aa MOM

  • 14 nen.pb HHKOBb

    1260 r. 611xa 6111111 6e3npi>.nMeTHH H HeyMi>CTHH. Ti; CBH.ni>ren-crsyean., HanporHsb, ,.e PocrHcnasb e AbpHCanb 6bnrapCKH re-

    pHropHH, pa36Hpa ce, Bb ci>sepoJananHa 6bnrapHS1, Ho H3BbH"b

    6i;nrpai1CK8T8 H 6p8HH .. eBCK8Ta 06118CTH, KOHTO yHr8pl.lHTi; CMiora-

    1lH oll.le OTb api>Mero Ha KanoRHa 11 npi>nH tosa He Ja 6bnrap-

    CKI1, Ho Ja caoR co6craeHa yHrapcKa rep1110p11R. H He e Morno 118 6iit.Qe 11pyroR,.e np11 TOr8B8WHOTO t-leMOUlHO CbCTORHI1e H8

    TbpHOBCKOTO l.l8pCTBO, p83K}ii\C88HO H nap81111311p88HO OTb BN\Tptw-

    HI1 Mell, HO OUle H Cb roni>-

    Mara onacHOCTb orKbMb M11uo. tHI1e, ~e Pocr11cnasb e ,nbpllsepoJana,nHH 6bnrapcKI1 JeM11 Bb caosna anacrb. He e 113BtCTHO, o6aye, H He MOllJH JeMH, KOHTO Po-

    CTHC1188b e ,nbpH

  • HcropH!I Ha BH.QHHCKOTo KH!IIKecrao .110 1323 ro.QHHa I.)

    38 caoero C.lllLUecrayaaHe nporHB"b naaMara caoH c"bnepHHUif, NO·

    f8TO AOPH Bii3HHTi; H8 Ul8CTHeTO Haapi;MeHH Ce H8NJ10HIBIInH "aHo ~; Jacrpaw~trenHo B"b Heroaa apiina. rol1 He e Mor"'bn"'b .na

    HJCr.lllnH C"b HYH

  • 16 nerbpb HHI(OBb

    3arpyAHeHHII 38 YHrapHII 611n11 roni;~..,, ytlapb Bbpxy yHrapcKara

    MOW.~ 11 napanH3Hp8J1H HeHH8T8 np01188 H8 BbHb. f-k3H Cb6HTHII

    oran-kt

  • HcropHII Hll BH.IIMHCKC·TO KHIIII!ecrao no I 323 ro.aHHII 17

    Crecp:tH"h caenHHHnH caoHrio aoifcKH 3a enHHa piowHreneHa ynapa Bapxy Hero Ts H8xnynH aa cilaepolananHa roraaawHa 6anrapHll H naH>KeHKH Ce noKp8H ,llyHaaa, DOCTHfHBJlH nane'fb B"h unptwHOCTbTB Ha crp8HBT8. Karo no-cna6a, uapb KoHCTaH-THH"h e rpio6aano n8 ce orrernH npiona yHrapcKOT:> HanMou~He. HaH·Hanpiona 6Hna nptaJera BHnHH"h H Heroaara o6nacrb, cnionb Koero Crecp:tH"h (V), KOHTO npio.aao>Knana nH'fHO yHrap-CKHri> BOHCKH, H8npionHBJ1b nO·H8TBTDK''b, o6canH11b KpionOCTbTB floMa H nocrHrHana no 6pioroaeri; H8 p. HctKny natrl; CactnHH crpaHH. 06a'fe, BCH'fKO noKa3B8, 'fe PocrHcnaaa, 6anrapcKH!I ll8pb npeTeHneHT"h, Bb3CT8HOB1i11b Cb yHrapCKB nOMOWb, 8KO He Hl-uiono, ro Ba rontMa 'fBCTb caoero nonoHCeliHe on. nptnH 1260 ron. H 38nap>Kana enHa 'facrb ora ci;aepo·3ananHa 6"bnraPHll nona CBOliTB BJ18CTb, npionH BCH'IKO HeHHIIT8 norpaHH'fH8 'f8CTb CD rpana BHnHH"h1• TaKa BHnHHCKIITB o6naCTb 6Hna HBHOBO OT-K~CHBTB OTD TbpHOBCKOTO uapCTBO.

    CnionoaarenHo, cntna 3aananioaaHe ora yHrapuHri; Ha 6"bn-rapCKHll KpaeHa cioaepo3anana 6tnrpana H 6paHH'feao nonHTH-'IecKoro nono>KeHHe HB BHAHHCK8Ta 06118CTb CTBH8J10 HeyCTOH'fH-80. npH CJ1a6oCTbT8 Hll TbpHOBCKOTO UBpCTBO p83BHTHeTO Hll 6DJ1-rapoyHrBpCKHTi> orHoweHHll cnoMorHano 3a pa3cna6aaHe nonHTH-'IeCKHri; apa3KH MeiK.IlY Hell H 6anrapcKara nap1K8&8. OcatH"b T h3H MOMeHTH, 38 nonHTH'feCKOTO OT'IY>K.Il888He H8 T83H 0611BCTb ora 6"bnrapHll H 38 o6oco6lla8Hero H e cnoco6craya8no TB"bpAio MHoro H npyro enHo o6crollrencrao, HMeHHO o6pa:syaaHero aapxy Hell H Bapxy ApyrH 38n8AHH 6anrapCKH 3eMH H8 eAHO OTH8'f8110 38BHCHMO, 8 nocni; CbBCioM"h He38BHCHMO KH!I>KeCTBO, H8'feno CD

    6D11rapcKHll 6onllpHH"h 51KOB"h Caerocnaa"b. ~

    06a'fe, rpt6aa na ce or6tnt>KH, 'fe 51KOB"h C!lerocnaaa He e 6Hnb napBHliT"h, KOHTO e 3B6Hnb aapxy KptnKHrB cri;HH Ha BHAHHCKIITII KpionOCTb 3H8MeTO H8 n8pTHKynapH3M8 H Hll J10K811-HIITII caMocrollrenHOCTb. HcropHllra HH p83K83BB :sa enHHa nono-6eHa cny'laH nO'fTH nonoaHH"h aioK"b nptAH Heroaoro api>Me.

    I 811!. 6'hnrapoyHrllpCKH OTHOWeHMII, CTp. 106-108. ~ Ibid. 110. Cpa. CII\Ll.IO TYK'h no-HIITIITl>K'b crp. 37, 38.

    2

  • Ill nerbpb HHN08b

    Toaa e 6Hno Blo aptMero Ha uapb 5opHna (1207 -1218), KOHTO, KBKTO e HJBiKTHO, e .QOWlo/l"b HB rpOHII no Hl!ll'tHHlo HelBKOHf!Hlo,

    HMeH6ano All 3a6trHe CD 6para CH 1\neKCBH.Qpa nbpBO npH 3li.Q.QYH8BCKHT'8 KyMaHH, a

    nocnio a1o PycHI. HelaKoHoro JaeMaHe Ha npiocrona H mmcara

    y c:>pH/18 HB .Qlop)t(88HH'tf!CKHTti Cnoco6HOCTH, CHJ11!11T8 Ha XllpBK· repa H .Qioecnoco6HOCTbTa Ha HeroaHI npio.QwecraeHHKlo HMIIIlM

    38 pe3ymar1o noRaaT8 Bb Abp*aal!llra Ha e.QHHlo npouec1o Hl!ll BJK·

    rpioWHO nOilHTH'IeCKO p113110>tttt

  • 1-icTOpHII H8 BHAHHCHOTO Hlt111HeCT80 liO 1~23 rOAHH8 19

    '4aH yHrapUHTt. ~l>pMCimt e~HO noae~eHHe, ~HMO npOTHBOnO• nOMCHO lUI pomna, KOIITO C~ HrpanH nO•K'bCHO no OTHOWeHHe Ha

    · TUH o6nactb. AoKato TYK'b rt. Cl>Aili1cnyaanM HI tl>pHoacHHt

    ~apb na B1>3CTIIHOIIH H JaKpt.nH nona anactb a'b BHAHH-.., no-

    K'ItCHO, B'b apitMe Ha PotHcnaaa, a o~e no-ae'fe Ha SltAiti1ctayaanH 311 otnit· nRHe Ha TUH o6niCTb OT'b 5'bnrapHII.

    MHoro no-roniiMO !HII'feHHe HMII 3!1 C~A6HHHTti Hll IIHAHH· CKaTa o6naCTb Cl> CBOIIT!I ~t.HitOCTb 6'bnrapCKifllrb 60nllpHH'b S1KOII'b Caetocnaa'b. Tol1 e cnoco6ctayaan'b rabpAil MHOro 3111 HeHHOTO o6o-

    co6•aaHe 11 e nonroraHn'b no'fa!lra JB o6pa3yaaHe abpxy Hell Ha

    no-nocnf.WHOTO BHAHHCKO KHRMCeCTII:l Hll WHWMIIHOIIUH, HctO•

    pHIITII Hill HerOBIITB A1iHHOCTb, AOKOnKOTO HH e H3Bi!C1HII, np\ACTBBI

    OT'fiiCTH HCTOpHITB HB BHAHHCKBTB o6niiCTb 81> OHOBII apt.He.

    no npOH3XOA'b pytHH'b, OT'b pone Hill KHe&CKHTil pyCKH KHI3e,

    TOH AOW'bn'b l!ht 6bnrapH11 CllitA'b T8T8pCKOTO HaWeCTBHe H no~·

    'fHHeH11e Ha Pyc111, nony'fHill> or1> 6bnra;::~tKHR l.llpb Ht.KoH an111·

    ~t.HHII Bl> 38nanHa 61>nrapHR, HMeHHO B'b 6anHaHa 11 nocreneHHO

    A06Hil"b BHAHO MtCTO acp\A'b 6bnrapCKOTO 6on11pCTBO H IIHCOKITII

    rHrna 61onrapcKH necnon.. 3a61tniiHnrap1111 C"banana C'b apt.-

    Mero Ha PocrHcnuoaara tMbpTb (i" 1262). Ao ra111 roAHHa rol1 ce 118118111 KBTO 6l>nrapCKH 6onllp11H'b B"b no6pH H KOpeKTHH OT•

    HOWeHHII c1> TbpHoBCKHII Ulllpb KoHCTIIHTHH b •. Ho ot b 1263 ro~. TOH Ce OTAane'fiiBII C'b CBOIITII 3eMII OT'b l'bpHOIIO 11 BnH!II B'b

    ccpep11TII Hll yHrapCHOTO BflHIIHHe, npH TOriiBBWHHlil Bp81KQe6HH

    6"bnrapoyHr8pCKH OTHOWeHHII T03H BKT"b 6HR'b piiBHOCHneH'b C'b

    OTK~CBaHe H!l HerOBHTt tepHTOpHH Orb T"bpHOBCKOTO l.lBp::TIO,

    C6nHHHMO nporHaononOH

  • 20 ner'bp'b HHKOB'b

    11 nO-HcJH3TOK'b, 38 yHrapCKHT-5 A'bpHC8BH11U.H 1130JII.KBana e.QHll

    rpyAHa 3a.Qa'4a, AB HlMi>piiT'b HacniiAHHK'b Ha PocrHCnaaa, KOHTO

    ,lU ce HaTOBllp11 C'b p:>niiTa, 1130'b/1HIIB8Ha AO TOraaa OT'b Hero·'

    B'b 5bnrap1111. CniiA'b PocrHcnaa3, Koi1ro HMam. A'bn6oKa onHr-

    HOCTb B'b 6op6HTii C'b T'bpHOBCKHSI U8pb, 3liA'bpHCaHeTO 11 OT6pa-

    HaT8 Ha ObnrapCKHTi> c-5aep038n8.QHH 3eMH, OTHOBO 3aana.a.iiHH

    B'b 1261 ro.Q. OT'b yHrapu.Hri;, TB'bp.Qi; OTA811e'feHI1, HaceneHH C'b 'fY>KAO H Henp1111Tei1CKO HaceneHHe 11 113110>KeHI1 Ha HenpHS1TenCKI1

    HanaaeHI1SI, 611no rabpAi; rpy.a.lio. Hai1-no.QXOASILl.le n11ue Ja raJH

    pom• 11 no reorpacpH'fecKoro pa3nono>KeHHe Ha ana.Q"i>HI1SITa My

    B'b Jana.a.Ha 5'bnrapHII, 11 no caoHr& '4ecromo6HBI1 11 cenapari1BHH

    crpeMe>KH, 11 Karo M"i>creH'b 6'bnrapcKH sna.Qiirenb, KOHTO HM8nb

    8pb3KI1 B'b C8MaTa 5'bnrapHSI, Ce SIBSIBa/l'b 6'bnrapCKHSIT'b 60n11pHH'b

    5f t orHoweHHe Ha YHrapHSI eAHa

    pon11, no.Qo6Ha Ha oHaJH Ha PocrHcnaaa.

    OrKnoHeHHero Ha 5ft W8

    ron"i>Mara yHrapctneHa Ha ABll Bpa>K.QyBaU4H narepH OT'b 1136yx~aHe HcJ rt>BHCA8HCKcl BOHHI

    Me>KAY yHrap:KHII Kpanb 5ena IV H Heroat1SI napa~poAeH'b CHHb H nptcronoHI!cn"i>.a.HHKb Cre.a.a n:>6-&Aara Ha OOCJJ1iAHHII 611110 OOCTHrH8TO BpiiMe iHO OOMHptHHe MeHCAY AB"i>T1i

    I Ibid. 119-128, 130-131.

  • HcropHR Ha BH~HHCKOTO KHR~ecrao ~o 1323 ro~HHa 21

    CTp8HH H MHp"bT"b 6Hll"b B"b3CTIIHOBeH"b nBK"b np\J"b AeKeMIIpHH

    C}ll.mna roAHHa. 1 Hlnil'iKBa B'bnpoc"bn., KaKa:> noae.QeHHe e

    A"bpM

  • 22 nen.plo HHKOB"h

    OLQe H C"b aKTHBHOTO MY noKpOBHTeiiCTByBaHe OT"b Hell. V.MeHHO,

    Koraro B"b 1263 r. roi1 e 6HII"b nocrllBeH"b Hll r-tcHo B"b aoi1Hara C"b 8H3BHTHII, CrecpaH"b (V) MY H3nparHII"b Ha noMOLl.lb eAHa yH-rapcKa BOHCKa, KOIITO pa36HIIa H nporOHH/18 BH38HTHHUHTi;.1

    Cpi;LQy r-t3H ycnyr11 OT"b crpaHa Ha YHrapHR Caerocnae"b e rp-t•

    61lll0 All nOA08AHe He caMO cpaKTH"'eCKH, HO H cpopMa/IHO OOA'b

    H3stcrHa 3aBHCHMOCrb orb Hell. Pa36Hpa ce, "'e yHrapuHr-t He

    (}II\ MOriiH All ce OTK8>K8T"b OT"b 8118CTbT8 CH B"b H3BtCTHH, 38eTH

    OT'b rtx'b 3eMH B'b non3a Ha Caerocnaaa, 6e3"b T03H Aa ce o6-

    B"bp>Ke HtKaK"b K"bM'b rt.X"b. HHTO O'bKb MO>Ke A8 ce MHCIIH, "'e

    MY oKa3eanH noMOW.b 11 ncKpoaHrencrso 6eJsb3MeJAHO. Ecre-

    crseHHO, BCH"'KO 1088 e 611110 CBbp38HO C'b 1138-tCTHH aHra>Ka-

    MeHTH 38 CserOC/Iaaa, KOHTO CN\ TO AOKapaiiH, OOHe KOIIKOTO ce

    OTHilCSI AO 8TCT.IImeHHTi; 3eMH, Bb cpopM8/IH8 38BHCHMOCTb OTb

    YHrap1111. no-K"bCHO, cntA"b 1266 r. Caerocnaab e 00A08AH8/I"b OOA"b nptMa H Te>KK8 yHrapCKa 38BHCI1MOCTb, 008'-le H npt.AI1

    Jt)B8, Oll.le OT'b 1263 rOA., TOH e BCTN\011/Ib B"b H3Bt.CTHH cp0p-M8/IHO JaBHCHMH OTHOWeHHII OT"b YHT8pCKHII Kpallb.~

    3aeAHO Cb rosa, npH roraaawHoro nono>KeHHe H8 apa>K-

    Ae6HH orHoweHI111 Me>KAY o"bllr8pHR H YHrapHII, C~Jerocnaa"b ce e nocrasl1/l"b B"b npor11sopt."111e c'b npHOBCKHII uapb KoHcraHTHH"b,

    KOfOTO He CaMO yapt.>KA8/I"b C"b OTK-"i.CB8He Hll CBOHT1> repHTOpHH

    OT'b TopHOBCKOTO uapCTBO, HO H IIBHO np1>AH3BHKIS81l'b C'b 38CTil-

    BaHeTO CH B'b peAOBert Ha yHrapCKHTt MY aparoae. noaeAeHHero

    Ha Caerocnaaa e 611110 eAHHo 8KT'b Ha HenpHHrencrso cnpl>Mo

    T'bpHoao. Ati1craHrenHo, C'b OTKIIOHeHHero CH K'bMo YHrapHSI,

    TOH OO"'H8/I'b A8 npOSIBIIB8 H crpeMe>KH SIBHO HenpHSITe/ICKH H

    3acrpawa&all.lH r"bpHOBCtKenaHHSITa Ha yHrap-

    UHrt, K011TO HM8/IH BCH"'KHII HHTepeC"b, All HanpaBSIT"b KO/IKOTO

    I Ibid. 120-128, 135. 2 Ibid. 136-137. 3 Ibid. 138.

    ' Pachymeres I, -no. 611 ~rapoyHr. orHoweHH!I, crp. 185.

  • YlcTopHII Ha BHilHHcKoTo KHIIIKecTao llo 1 :r.n roJlHHI! 23

    ce MO)I(e no-ront.Ma nponacrbTa Me)l(ny TbpHoao 11 CaeTocnaaa,

    38 AB CT8He HeB"b3M0)1(H0 BCt.KaKBO 6~tli!IUle cnopa3yMt.HMe Me)I(AY Tt.xb.

    TytI

  • 24 nen.po HHKOB'b

    rapCKH JtaH"b 6epKe, t 8118·

    ,o;tHHSI Ha 8HJaHTHSI (1264,5 r.)1• ToJH Tl>H ~yacraHreneH"b o6pan. Bb Me)f{D.yHapO.O.HOTO nOilO)f(eHHe OOBJIHSIJl"b B"bpXy nOBeAeHHeTO Ha

    Cserocnaaa H cnoco6crayaanh 3a pa3Kone6aB3He Ha Heroaara npH-

    Bl>pJaHOCTb Kl>M"b YHrapHSI. Karo npHllrenb yHrapcKH H apa>Ko.e-

    6eHb KbM b TbpHOBCKHSI uapb, KaK"bBrO TO::i Ce npOSIBHJl"b OTb

    1263 r., roi1 rpt6ano .o.a ce crpaxyaa npH Hoaoro noJJo>KeHHe Ja co6craeHara cH 01rypHOCTb 11 6eJonacHoCTb. ToH ce c6nH)f(HJ1"b

    (1265 r.) HaHOBO Cb rbpHOBCKOTO uapCTBO, CK.III.Callb Bp"b3KHTio CH Cb Y nr .lpHSI, Ka TO ce OrKa3811"b Orb HeHHOTO nOKpOBHrencrBO

    H anHliHHe, 11 B"b cnopaJyMtHHe C"b TbpHoao Hana.o.Han"b .o.opH

    JeMHrt Ha yHrapcKHII npi>cronoHacni>.o.HHK"b Crecj>aH"b (V) H rH onycrowHnb.~ He C)i\ HJatcrHH ycnOBio1Sira Ha rosa HOBO c6nH-

    >KeHHe Ha Caerocnaaa Cb Tl>pHoao, o6a~e He e rpy.o.Ho .o.a ce

    .o.ora.o.HM"b Ja rtxb. Pd36Hpa ce, Ye Caerocnaa"b ~e ce e c.o.o6Hn"b

    npH rosa C"b npH3HaBaHe OTb TbpHOBCKHSI uapb Ha TepHTOpH811•

    Horo nono)f(eHHe Ha caoero KH.SI>Kecrao, HO C.lll.~eaptMeHHO e

    antJ"bll"b a"b ccj>epara Ha Heroaoro BnHSIHHe 11, no actKa atpou-

    Hocrb, e npHJHallb orb cao11 crpaHa Heroaara Bl>pXOBHa anacrb.

    3ae.o.Ho C"b rosa Bb nono>KeHHero Ha BHAHHCKara o6nacrb Ha-

    cr.li'lnHna naK"b HJBtcrHa npoMtHa, HMeHHO TSI MHHalla HaHOBO

    nOlJ,"b BflHSIHHero H, HaatpHO, nOlJ,"b BbpXOBHara BllaCTb Ha Tl>p-

    HOBCKHSI uapb.

    06a~e 11 raJH npoMtHa He 6Hna Ja A"bnro apt.-re. fpa>K-

    AaHCt 1265 roll,. Cb nopa>KeHHero naprHSITa Ha Kpanb 6ena IV, KOHro nopaAH rosa rpi>6ano .o.a AHpH CnopaJyMtHHe C"b CHHB CH. MHpl>T"b Me)f(lJ,y

    lJ,BaMaTa 6Hnb CK/110'-leHb H npio3"b Mapt"b 1266 r. AOn"bllHeH"b C"b HOBa cnoro.o.6a, KOSITO nptl"b IOHHH C.lll.~ara fOJ).HHa 61111a nO-

    TB"bplJ,eHa H orb nanara.ll BeAHara cntAn ype)f(lJ,aHe Ha B.III.Tptw-

    HHrt cnopoae Bb YHrapHSI Crecj>aHb (V) npHCT.III.nHnl> KbM"b Onpi;ll,i;miHe Ha CBOHTt OTHOWeHHSI KbMb 61>111apHS1. TOH He e

    Morhnh Aa npocrH Ha Sf -

  • 1-iCTOpHII Hll BHAHHC KOTO KHIIlKeCTBO 110 I 323 roiiHHII 25

    C'b T'bpHoao H orxa'bpniiHero Ha yHrapcKara Bl>IJXO&Ha anacrb, HHTO onycroweHHero Ha yurapcKara ceaepHHCKa o6nactb. ( 11 MHoro6poi1Ha aol1cKa ro.:t nptMHHan-b HenpHIITencKHrt rpaHHI4M, •aHil'b Ce npi;Al> BHAHHCK8T8 Kpi;nOCTb H ,. 06C8AHil"b (1266 r.) BHAHH'b He MO)f(8J1'b .na ycTOH H HaHoao nanHan"b B"b yHrapcKH p~14i;. Cntn1o roaa yHrapCKMrt BOHCKH HaxnynH noKpa.:t JlyHaaa B'b a.v.tptwHOCTbTa Ha o"bnraJ:.HR, nptMHHanH rpaHi1UHri; Ha Cae-Tocnaaoaoro KHR)f(ecrao H HaantJnH B"b nptntnHrt Ha npHoa-CKOTO uapcrao. oaH"b fpHrOpHH lllBilaAtll'b KptnOCTbTil Optxoa'b (Paxoao) Hll AyHaaa, a 6aH"b naHbHT"b o6CaAHil"b H npt83ell"b Kpl;noCTbTil nn~aeHb. D"bllrapcKHTt BOHCKH ce Ol

  • 26 ner'bp'b HHKOB'b

    MelK.a.yoco6HUH, KOHTO npo.a."Dmt-"

    HOBCKOTO npaBHTellCTBO, KOHTO MY OTKpH8811H H3rlle.QH 38 38eM8He

    Ha anac1 bra H .Qa)f(e Ha rpoHa B"b TbpHoBo, ro HanpaaHnH cKno-

    HeH"'b Ha e.QHO cnopa3yMtHHe H c611H)f(eHHe C'b T bpHoao. B"D o-

    Hoaa aptMe H TbpHOBCKoro uapcrso, no.a.o6Ho Hll YHrapHSI, ce

    HBMHpallO B'b rontM"'b yna.Q'bK"'b H B"'b tleMO~HO C'bCTOIIHHe H He

    npt..ncraaSino HtK8KBa BHYWHrenH8 CHna. To He e 611110 B"b C"Dc-

    TORHHe .Qa ce B"'b300113YB8 OT"b yna.Q'bK8 Ha YHrapHSI H .a.a CH BbJ-

    BbpHe H H3BOIOB8 o6parHO 3808.QH06bnrapCKHTi; JeM;.t, OTK~CHBTH

    OT"'b yHrapuHrt; H cera cao6o.a.HH OTh rt.x"b. HanporHB"b, npH ro-

    raaawHoro nono)f(eHHe, He38BHCHMHSIT"b 51KOB"b Caerocnaa"b e

    1 Fe s s I e r. op. cit. I, 422 en. ~ F\ p X H e n H C K 0 n n 8 H H n 0, >KHBOTH Kpa.beBa H apXKenHCKOnB

    cpncKHX. 1-bA. naHH4H4b, 3arpe6'b 1866, crp. 114 -116. K 'bM'b HcropKIITB HB ct.aepolan. 6'bnr. leMH. Cn. 5. f\K., 16 (191!3). obnrapoyHr. orHo-weHKII, crp. 183 en. C~ttwo ryK'b no-Harar'bK'b.

    •

  • HcropH!I HI! BHllpHoao H 6Hnb raM"b T"bp)f(ecrseHHO oCHHOBeHb OTD

    Ll8pHuara H npHetb, cnt.a.oaarenHo, B"b uapc:Kara 3MH11H!1. C1>

    rosa, a HasiipHO, H Cb oco6eHb, CKlliO'ieHb npH roaa .a.oroBOpb,

    38 Hero ce orKpHsanb n;;r,. Tb .a.o 611\ne~ero ynpasnettHe Ha rl>p-

    HOBCKoro uapcrso.• AanH TOH e npH.3H811b npH rosa H Bbpxos-

    Hara B118CTb H8 TbpHOBCKH!1 U:!pb H8llb C80!1T8 3eMll', He e Hl·

    B'tCTHO, HO e CbMHHTeJ1HO npH TOr888WHOTO OOJlO)f(eHHe Hll pa60THTt.

    Pa36Hpa ce, '-le npoMiiHara Bb nono)f(eHHero Ha Ceerocnasa

    6Hll8 npoMtH3 H 38 BHAHHC:Kara 06118C:Tb, KO!ITO 00 T8Kl>Bb H8·

    .. HHb ce SIBS! Sa TYKl> H8H· OOAHpb cnt.a,b pellb nepHneTHII KIITO

    C"bC:TaBHa 'f8CTb H8 e.O.HO 3808AH06b11rapc:KO H80b11HO He38BHCHMO

    rocno.a.apcrso, Koero sb nocnt.a.crsHe cr ;;r,.nHno S"b 6nH3KH npHRren-

    CKH Bpb3KH Cl> Tl>pHosctKb Ha Y rirapi1R H Ha HeHriara Bl>HW -ta M:>'J..I,b, 3a .o.a ,D,OCTHrHe ,D,O nb11H8 He3lBHCHMOCTb.

    KbMb 1276 7 ro.o.. 5I )f(eprsa Ha . s K

    HHTpHrHT"ii H HlHeB"iipara H8 Tl>pHOBCKOTO Op8SHTe11CTBO • i!KBO

    1 Pachymeres I, 430. obnrapoyHrapcKM otHoweHH!I. ctp. obnrapoyHr. orHoweHMII. crp. 177 en.

    3 Pachymeres I, 4'·0, 435.

    183 en.

  • 21:1 nen.pb HHKOBb

    e craHano cn\.11a Heroaara CMbprb aa Jana.llHa 5DilrapH11 11 'IICT-HO Ba BH.Ili1HCK8T8 06118CTb - Ha T03H BanpOCa npt.ll8HI1eTO

    He HH .11881 OTfOBOpa. 611HJKHTi; C~A6HHH HI HerOBOTO KHlUKe-CTIIO ocraaarb Ja rosa Bb HeHJB"tcrH.>::rb. 3J rtxb Hlie M:>)f(eMa A8 C~AHMa no nOJlO)f(eHHeTo, KOeTO HIMHpB:liM:! Ba 6111131 BH.Ilb, KMO no oHosa api;Me, ~

    Koraro Caerocnaab yMp"tna (KbMa 127ti: 7 r.) 11 B'b nbpBHT'k cn"tAaawH nonHpb rosa ro.o.HHH Bb 5anrapH11 e uapyaana Hai1-

    ron"tMd aHapx~SI, KOSilO e 6~na Cbnpcao.o.eHa orb napanH3HpaHe

    Ha ueHrpanHara anacrb;

  • 1-icrop:.~!l H l B~o~A~o~HcNoTo KH!IIKecrso Ao IJ23 r. 29

    eTH, cnopeAb TBbptleHHeTO Ha MaHyHna .tllb, OTb rnaa:. Tap-

    xaHHOTb, H Ha nO/lO)f(eHHeTO, KOeTO CbBp"liMeHHKbTb naxHMepb

    HH OnH.::aa Ja oHoaa aptMe, n"liro Bb 6op6ara cb u,apb Haaifno

    naxaHa BH38HTHHU,HT1i ycn"tnH na Ha/lO)f(aTb 38 U8pb H88Hb

    f\C"&Hb Ill CBMO Ja KpaTKO Bp"liMe, H TO 6naronapeHHe Ha pal· npOCTpaHeHHSI, Haai;pHO, OTb T"liXb. CBMHrl; llb)f(llHBb CllYXb, 'te

    Hu.tno, Koliro HJntJbllb orb o6caneHHSI TbpHoao, 6Hnb nan-

    Hanb Bb 6op6ara Cb rarapHrt, a cntnb roaa 6HnH HtHonKo

    n.li\TH pa36HTH orb Haal1no, noKaJaa, 'le Bb noxaanHHTi; AYMH

    Ha noera HMa rontMa tlOJa OTb

  • 30 nerbpb HHKOBb

    anHilHHll. T ol1 ycn"Snb, HaHCTHHa, .11a norywH MeHTHMynapHJMa, MOHro ce

    Ha'feH811b OLJ.le npH nbpBHt"i; Cna6H HaCil"S.IlHHUH Ha VfaaH'b

    1\ctHb II. 6naroAapeHHe Ha rpaH

  • 1-icropHR Hll BHllHHCKOTO KHRIKeCTBO 110 1323 r. 31

    np-&nsiTtTBeHHO Ha TlonnH Blo 61onrapH1 H onycrowaaanH H paJ-

    pywaaanH CTj)aHa ra, Ki!ITO CTIHanH HenOHOCHMlo 6H~lo 38 Hacene• I v

    HHero, Koero, He HaMHpaHKH Jau.tHTa a1o caoero ~eHrpanHo npa-

    &Hrencrao, 6Hno roroao Aa ce npHcloeAHHH KloMlo ac-&tKHH Cpt.ACTBB, cr1paena ce AI npt.AoaplrH B'bJMO)f(HH KOMnnorH npont&'b ueH-

    rpanHara anaCTb H AI 38013H BniCTbTI H Hatnt.ACTBOTO 31 CBOI

    CHH'b.• TaKa B'b nocnt.AHHrt. rOAHHH OT'b KoHCTIIHTHHoaoro 1.48·

    pyaaHe 6'bnrapCKITII Alop)f(888 HJOIAHana HIHOBO B'b 8HapXH'tHO

    C_'bCTOSIHHe : ~eHrpanHara 8/liiCTb 6HI11 T'bH HeMOu.tHa, -.e He

    Morna Aa ce cnpaaH HHTO Clo B'bHKaWHara rarapcKa onacHOCTb,

    HHTO C'b B}lt.rpt.WHOTO 00/lHTH~etKO pa3110>1H:HHe. ('bBpt.MeHHK'bT'b

    naxHMep'b H3pH~HO HH KIJBII, ~e ~ MH03HHI ae~e npt.He6pt.rH111H

    cao2 ~apb KoHcraHTHHa. • 8 HanpnHo ~lpH~a MapHI ce e M}lt.·

    '4Hn8 Aa npt.AoaplrH Jnoro, Karo npt.Maxaana C'b caoHrt. HH·

    tpHrH H y6HHCTB8 CloMHHTenHHrB 6011SipH, Al*e H3Me*AY AOTO·

    raaawHHrt. npHB'bp*eHH~H Ha KoHCTaHTHHa. HeAoaoncraoro 6Hno

    o6u.t'l KIKTO acpt.Alo M8C8Ta, T8K8 H BCpt.A'b BHCWHrt. 60I1SiptKH

    Kp ... roae. nostaara H ycnt.X~o1Tt. HI peBOiliOU.HSITa H8 J..1BaHI10 e

    eAHO /lHWHO CBHAt.renCTBO 31 TOB8 IHapxH-.eCKO C'bClOSIHHe, B'b

    KOero ce e HIMHpana roraa1 61>nr1pHS1.

    MHoro xapiKrepeH'b 38 roraaiWHOro c·:.croSIHhe HI 61>n·

    rapH1 e XOA'bT'b HI H36yXHII10TO Blo 1277 r. peBO/liO~HOHO ABH· )f(eHHe HI J..1aaHI10, TOH Ce SIBH/l'b H H3AII1'b KITO OTlo 6ora npi.l·

    teHb HapOAeH'b cnatHTenb OTlo 311HHHT1> H npt.AH BCH~KO OT'b

    rarapcKata Hlnatrb, no6t.AH11'b MHOro n ... rH rlrlptKHrt. nnl'l·

    KOCBIILtH TlollnH H 31 KpiTKO aptMe ce npo~yn1o. Heroaara cnaaa

    no~Hana AI ce HOCH HIA'b ut.nara trpaH8. npHB'bp>t

  • 32 ner'bp'b HHKOB'b

    CHm. HOBH ycni;xH, no6i;J1H H npHa"bp)KeHHU.H. MHoro 6on11p11 ce

    npHCDellHHHnH Kl>Mb Hero. 8CH4KO TOBI!I CTpecHanO He C8MO U,llpb KoHCTaHTHHII, HO H BH311HTH.kt MHxaHna VIII nll-neonor"h, Ko~iro 61>p3o now1>n1> B"h OnpHH"h H nootHIIn"b All yKpi;-nR&a rpiiHHU.Hrt;. HanycHar"h on noae4ero caoH npHa"bp)KeHHU.H

    H ocraHIIn"b Cb MllnUHHII. u,llpb KaHcraHTHH"h 6Hn"h pa36HT"b H y-6HT"h on 11aal1no B"h nocntnaanoro cpa)KeHHe (lHMara 12n r.) 1•

    11 T81'11 8H8pXH4HOTO C"bCTOIIHHe OT"b nocni;AHHri; rOAHHH H8

    ullpb KoHcraHTHHoaoro u,11pyaaH~ npi;MHHano B"b mora rpa)KAIIH-

    CKII BOHHII, B"b KOSITO ce npHMtCHnH H B"bHWHH BnHJIHHJI, H8 8H-

    311HTHII H Hll TIITIIpHrt;. X11oc1> HaCTIIHBn"h B"h 61>nr11pH11. 11aal1no

    Ce npOB"hlrn)CHn"b 311 ~~pb H n04H8n"b llll CH nOA4HHIIB8 pa3HHri;

    M"SCTHOCTH H rpaAoae, rnaaHo OKano Tl>pHoao.~ Bb Tl>pHoao ace ow,e uapyaan11 H Abp>tJrnacHn"b ro 38 6"bn-

    rapctp311n"h CD Knt.raeHH AOroaopH 3a atp-

    HOCTb, npHB1>p38HOCT"b H C"bi03HOCTb K"bM"b BH38HTHHCK8T8 HMne·

    pH51, H an"S31>n"h B"h nptroaopH C"h 6onRpcraoro, A8 MY npt.Aa-

    AIIT"b MapHSI 11 TbpHoao. E~HH OTb 6"hnrapcKHrt. 6on11p11 ce CD·

    rnacHnH Ha npt;AnoHpH Kpall Ha nponi;TbTII 1278 roA.' 11aal1no CTaHan"b rat Ma·

    I Ibid. I, 430-434. X Ibid. I, 434. a Ibid. I, 438; 439, 4 ; 441, o· 4 Cpa. CTIITHIITII "'" : HlnpaaKH K'bM'b 6anrapcKIITII HcropHll. Hla.

    Hll HcropH'I. Apy>K. B'b Coq,HII, KH. V ( 1922), crp. 83, 84.

  • Y1cropH11 Ha BHl!HHCKOTO KHill rosa nono>KeHHero ce ynpocrHno, Ho He ce YIICHHno H ycnoKoHno: npoTHBl> Haai1no 6HnH rarap~-trt., 6HnH BHJaH-THHUI'T-6, 6Hna H enHa lfBCTb OT"b 6on51pCT80TO, KOIITO He ro npHJHaaana.2 He u"Snara crpaHa npH3Haaana Heroaara anaCTb. 3Apaao ce Al>p>Kanl> roi1 Bl> Tl>pH:>ao, o6alfe tKopo H ryKl> 6Hnl> cr"ScHeHl>. Or'b enHa crpaHa rarapHrl;, a orb Apyra BHJI!IHTHHCKH aoi1tt .Qa ce JaKptnH H AB TypH Kp8H Ha 8H8pXH51T8 Bb CTpaHBTB. 6onRpCT80TO Hal!e-HBno AB HHTpHryaa H KOMnnOTHpa npontB'b Hero. HeHa.QtHHO

    _nptA'b Tl>pHoao ce R&Hn'b Haai1no H ro o6caAHnb, Jae.QHO CD Ka-CHM6erD, orcKopoweHl> rnaaHOKOMI!IHAyaa~'b Ha HaaHh f\ctHb Ill, KOHTO nptMHHanl>, JHalfH, Ha crpaHara HB Haai1no. .D.at BHJBH· THHCKH aoi1cKH, H3npareHH Ha noMO~b Ha uapb Ha. f\ctHb Ill, 6HnH eAHa entAl> Apyra - Hit- 17 10nHi1 H 15 aarycrl> 1279 ro.Q. - pa36HTH OTD Haai1no B'b 6anKaHa. npH roaa nono>KeHHe Ha. f\ctHb Ill HanycHan'b TBHHO Tl>pHOBO H HJ6tran'b 81> ua..,HrpB.Q'b. CntAl> roaa ab Tl>pHoao 6Hn'b HJAHrHIITl> Ja uapb anHnenHHIITb 6ontpHHb reoprH TeprepHi1 I (KpaR Ha 1279 r.),8 a Haai1no ce ornpaaHn'b 38 noMO~b. npH Horu B'b PytHR, r.Qtro HBMtpHn'b

    Cr"'l>pTbTB CH. i

    I ,Ibid. 444. ~ Ibid. 4H, 11. 445, G a Cpa. npMnHcKara Bb Ca'bpnHlKKOTO esaurenHe y Y1 n b H H c K i ii,

    op. et 1. cit. p achy meres I, 444, 11; 446, c· HlnpaaKH K'bl'lb 6'bnr. HCT. 28. 4 p a c h y m e r e 5 I, 446. u· . ~ BlK. Ed. E. Mille r, 1. c. c~wo c. J ire~ e k, Da5 chri5Utche

    Element etc., Bb Sitzung5ber. der Wiener Rkad., phil-hlst. Cl., Bd 136 ( 1897),

    crp. 85. G BlK. J.1lnpllBKH K'bl'l'b 6bnr. HCTOpHII, CTp. 79, 84,

    ' P a c h y m e r e 5 I, H8, 466. 3

  • 31 ner'bp'b HHKOB'b

    HoaHSIT"b '-'~~b Tej>TEpl'IH I ycntn1>, HaHCTHHa, .o.a ce 38· Kpl>nH H l rpoHa ; o6a"'e, He e rpy,o.Ho, .o.a cH npt.o.crasl:f "'OStK"b

    CDCTOIHHeTO H8 TbpHOSCKOTO U8pCTSO entAl> "'eTHpHrOAHWHH rpaHt npiicnt.o.aaHHSI H

    y611HCraa H8,D,"b CBOHTii nO,D,03p11renHI1 11 onaCHH nporH~HHU,H -

    601111p11, He MOfJlO H All OOM:.1CilH ,D,OpH ,o.a ce HllMtCH Cb CHna

    BD HeJaBHCHMoro .o.o roraaa KHH)f(ecrso Ha Cserocnaaa. Ow.e

    I BlK MOHTt Tarapo5'bllrapcKH OTHOWeHHSI, B'b roAHWHHK8 Ha Co-cf>HHCKH!I YHHaepcHTeT'b 3a IY19-l\J2U r., CocjJH!I l!J21, crp. IS en.

  • HCTOpHI HI BHAHHCKOTO KHII>KeCTBO AO 1:323 r. ,

    3.)

    OO·MilllKO e 6HIIO BblMO>KHO TOBI MIIIKO nO·ICloCHO, KOrllTO rpa·

    >KAaHcKara aoi1Ha o6xaaHana 61onrapH11 Cb ace cHna. 1\No npH

    Tii3H ycnOBHSI L\eHtpllllHilT8 BllllCTb He e MOrna All Ce HIIIO>KH H

    38Abp>KH Blo 00·611H3KHTii · ll~Mlo 1.\eHtpa o6nllCTH, HHTO 11>

    CllMaTa CTOIIHL\8, 8 e rpi;6arnr All BOAH 6op6a AOpH 38 CJ!t·

    LLl.eCTBYBilHHe, Til Olll.e OO•MIIIKO e MOrna A8 A06He BIIHSIHHe 81>

    nO-A81le'IHHTi; H Kp8HHH o6naCTH, KllKB8TO e 6Hil8 BHAHHCKBT8,

    KOIITO ocaiiHl> roaa ce e nomyaana Aororaaa H Cb eAHO oco6eHo

    He38BHCHMO nono>tKMO nopaAH roae 6e3cHnHe Ha L.leH-

    rpanHara anacrb, ApyrH aKropH rpt6a All c~ OK83111H ptwH-

    renHo SIIHSIHHe npH HllCO'IBaHe pa60THTt Bb BHAHHCK8T8 o6naCTb

    Ha HeHaAtHHO 3arHHilllHII CaerocnaBlo. 1\ KOH CJ!t 6HnH, KOH c~ MOrllH All 6JitAilTb rt3H ApyrH aKTOpH, HH nOK83Bil nOIIO>Ke-

    HHeTO, KOeTO 38BilpBaMe Blo Tll3H o6naCTb npt31o cntABilll-'eTO

    aptMe.

    AecerHHa roAHHH cntAb 3arHHBaHero Ha Caerocnaaa, BK'--

    AHHCKara o6naCTb Ce 1181188 KllTO SIAKil H TepHTOpHSI Hll eAHO

    HOBO BHAHHCKO KHSI>KeCTBO, Cb 1.\eHTbpb Bb BHAHH"'b, Hll 'lellO

    KAillll.HSI OTb 6bnrapCKOTO 601111pCTBO KHSI3b illHWMBH"'b. 1

    noHe>Ke Cpb6CKHSITb naHerHpHCTD apxHenHCKOnb AaHHHilb, ~HTO HH ABBa H3atcrHero 3a ra3H nbpsa no11aa Hll WHWMaHa, HH

    npl;ACT8BSI CH.lll.HII K8TO eAHHb Be'le MOLLl.eH"'b, Cb 3H8'1HTellH8

    3eMII H CllMOHBAtPHb KHSI3b, 8 T8Kl>Bil eAHil MOWb H3HCKB8, · pa3•

    6Hpa ce, rOAHHH api;Me, 38 All ce Cb3ACSAe, H noHe>Ke nOIIBaTil

    Ha WHwMaHa orcroH ..oKono AecerHHB rOAHHH H Htlll.o or1o

    cMbprbra Ha Cserocnaaa, crasa TBbpAt at.po!ITHO H ce Hanara

    A8 ce npHeMe, 'le H3nJitKB8HeTO H8 illHWM8Hil KITO BHAHHCKH

    KH;!3b e craHano aeAHara HnH ct CMbprbra Ha Cse-

    rocnaaa. 11 no BCK'IKO, KOeTO Ce 3Hile 31 Hero, H3flle>KAII, 'le

    WHwMeHl> He e HM&nl> liHLLl.O o6lll.O Cb Cserocnasa, raKa 'le,

    O'leBHAHO, nocntAHHSITb He e OCT8BHII1> HllCiltAHHKlo HIIH Ol>Klo,

    llKO e HM8111> T8Kb81>1 TOH He e MO>K8111> All 38A1op>KH H8CiliiA-

    CTBOTO CH H cnel\HIIIIHO BHAHHCKITB 061liCTb. KaKTO We HMIMe

    cny'laH All BHAHM"'b Ha npocrpaHHO no-HararbKl>, WHWM8Hl> e

    6Hnl> orb CJitU\1-111 KyMaHCKH npoH3XOAb, KllKTO H Cl>CtAHHTt.

    6paHH'IeBCKH KHSI3e Al>pMaHb H KyAtnHHb, a ocatHb roaa e

    1 R p X Hen H C K 0 n n 8 H H 11 0, >t

  • 3o neTbpb HHKOBb

    CTOIIJlb Bb H8H·TtCHI1 Bpb3KI1 Cb rarapHri; 11 Cb T8T8pCK11•

    KHSIJb Horai1. 1 T't311 .Qa-t o6cronencraa H.QBBTD .Qa Hl1 Haae.QaT"b

    11 nO.QCK8>K8Th, KOH w,e .Q8 C)ll;. 611n11, np11 cna60CTbT8 H 6eJnOMOW,·

    HOCTbT8 H8 ABi;yi; rnaBHH CHJlH, KO)tTO C)ll;. .Qi;HCTBYB81ll1 Bb MHHBJlO-, ro Bb c-tsepoJana.QHa 6bnrapi1S1 - on eAHa crpaHa Ha ~eHrpanHara 6bnrapcKa anacrb, a on Apyra Ha YHrapHII,- OHJ.1!1 npyrH KBT"b H"tK8KBO

    anHSIHHe s"bpxy pa6or11r"t Ha ci;sepoJana.QHa 6"bnrapHII.

    Ow,e KbM"b 1271 r. rarapcKHIIT"b KHII3b Horai1 OT"b JO>KHa PycHR, KOHTO CKopo en-tAb TOBa craHanb HaH-MOLUHHIIT"b

  • HcropKI Ha BMAKHCKOTO KHillleCTBO AO 1323 r. 37

    o6cro~rencraoro, ~e Hero&HT~ BOHCKH ce c~crolnH rnaaHO or~ T8T8pH1,. Tp~6a All Ce np~AnOJlO>KH C~ ron~Ma B~pOITHOCTb, 'fe T~ rp~6a H AII_',C.'II. MY C"bA~HCTByaanH OT"b CIIMOTO H8'i8J10 38 118 ocHoae caoero KH~>Kecrao.

    JlpyrD eAHH~ cHa, a no·MnaAH~T"b 6ena - Ma'iaa, aKntO'iHtenHo 6~nrpaAcKara H 6paHH~eacKa o6nacrb.2 YHrapcKHIIT"b np~crono·

    Hacn~AHHK"b CrecpaH"b (V) 6Hn"b orHa~ano (1262 r.) a~ Ao6pH 11, HJrne>KAa, C"btOlHH orHo~eHHSI C"b MHxaHna, ron~MHII PocrHcna-

    BOB"b CHH~, HO CKOpO CJitA"b TOB8, KOr8TO CII\~HIIT"b MHH8Jl"b Hll

    crpaHara Ha HeroaHr~ aparoae, r. e. Ha 6a~a MY Kpanb 6ena IV, roi1 nocerHan"b All orHeMe PocrHcnaaoaHrt anaA~HHSI OT"b Hero-

    &Hrt H8CJ1~AHHUH H C8MO HaMtcara Ha nanata (1264 r.) nptAO· aparHna roaa. Bpa>tKHna H 110 1268 r., Koraro 3a ~.'II.~HSl XOAarai1crayaana np~A"b Hero cecrpa MY KyHHryHAII, ~ecKa KpanHUill H >KeHa Ha OroKapa II 3-6ena, HanpontB"b, e npOA"b11>KHJ1"b Aa ynpaan11aa Ma~aa~ (3aeAHO CD 6tnrpaA"b 11 6paHH'Ieao) H npt3"b uapyaaHero Ha CrecpaHa V H AO HerOB8T8 CM"bpTb (1 aaryCT"b 1272 r.), HO MHOrO CKOpO

    cntA"b rosa roi1 6Hn"b y6HT"b. HMeHHO o~e C"b HAB&Hero Ha npli-crona Ha CrecpaHOBHSI ManontreH"b CHH"b H Hacn~AHHK~ BnaAH-

    1 1\px. ,UaHKno, ed. c., p. 117, 179, 1RO. 9 Fe j ~ r, Codex dlplom., IV, :•• pp. 235, 210, iti. Cpa. n II Y n e P b,

    6"bnr. aoeHK noxoAK Hll Cre

  • 38 nerbpb HHKOBb

    cnaB"b B"b YHrapHR ce HaYeHan"b ynaA"bK"b, pa3AOPI1 H cMyroae Me>K.IlY M8rH8THTi;, a C~U,.eapi;MeHHO TbpK8HHSI C"b YeCKHSI tcpanb OroKapa II. Karo 6par"b Ha YecKara KpanHua, KHRJ"b 6ena OT"b MaYsa craHeJn"b noAOJpHreneH"b Ja yHrapcKOTO npaaHrencrao H e.nHH"b yHrapCKH MarH8T"b, XeHpHX"b on. rfOCHHreH"b, AOW"bn"b B"b cnop"b CD Hero 11 B"b nocni;.naanHR ABy6oi1 ro y611n"b, cni;A"b Koero ro Haci;Knn"b Ha nap'lera. Toea 611no npt.J"b sropar~ nOnOBHH8 H8 1272 r. 1• ("b CMbpTbTa H8 6ena Ma'IB8HCHOTO

    KHSIH

  • Y1cropH!I Ha BH.aHHCKOTO KHIIH

  • -10 nerbpb HHKOB'b

    nopa>KeHHe1o H CMaprbra Ha OroKapa II B'b 1278 r!. B;uptw-H010 aHapxwo~Ho C'bCTOIIHHe H8 YHrapHSI H 80HHa1a C'b 4eKHSI

    TbKMO Bb .Q8,QeH010 8pt.Me OTBI111'f811H 8HHMitHHeTO Ha yHr8p·

    CKH1t. .Qbp>KaBHH~H H napa11H3Hp81111 Cb8Ct.Mb yHr8pCK8T8 CH/18

    HaBbHb. 8C11'1KO 1088 H.Qe ,Qit notKe Cnp88eA111180ClbT8 Ha npt..Q-

    00110>KeHHe10, 'fe HeHa.Qt.HHOTO HJ'fe3B8He H8 6paHH'feBCK818 06·

    118CTb Hlb pe.Q8 Ha yHr8pCtKAe6HH OTHoweHHSI Cb YHrapHSI. YcHnHliT8 Ha yH-

    rap~H1t. A8 H3fOHSITb Tt.3H y3ypnar0p11 H8 1t.KH8T8 BI18C1b Bb

    6p8HH'fe8CK818 o6nacrb 6111111 H8npa3HH. Tt. 1apnt.nH Heycnt.KH.

    Ht.KOilKO yHrapCKH 6apoHH naAHanH AOPH B"b nnt.Hb y 6paHH-

    'fe8CKH1t. KHSI3e H yHr8pCKHSITb Kpanb Bn8AHCI18Bb IV ce npHHYAHilb .Q8 npt.roa8pH Cb rt.xb. Toi:i C8Mb ce ornp8BHI1b npH 1t.xa Cb

    Ha.Qe>KA8, lfe 111.e rH y6i>AH A8 Ct Hi>M811H ycni>X"b, O'feBHAHO, nop8AH HenpHeM/lHBHTt.

    HCKaHHSI H8 AB8M818 6par!l. Boi1H818 ce p83ropt.n8 H8HOao 11 H8

    y11rap~111t. ce yAano, H8HC1HHa, A8 nnt.HSIT'b eAHoro ora Apyra-

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    1 Fessler, op. c1t. I, crp. 422-423, H.): -12-t-43J.

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  • 42 ner'bp'b HHKOB'b

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    (1456-1458) Orb 1457 r. B'b Mi;CrHOCTbra CB. TpOHU8 H8 Ai>CHHSI 6pi>n. Ha TbproaHWKH THMOKb.' Orb rOJH HaAnHCb ce SH>Kil8, '4e

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    1 Jl. C T 0 j I! H 0 B H h, CTapH cpnCKH ll!nHCH H HIIIlnHCH. l-1311. HI! CpncK. RKu. CnoMeHHK. T. Ill. oeorpu 1905, crp. 81, N2 5131.

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  • 56 nerbpb HHKOBb

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  • 58 nerbp'b HHKOBb

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  • HcropH!I Ha BHI1HHCKOTO MHIIIKecrao 110 1323 r. 61

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