L’image des banques centrales auprès des opinions publiques
Gilles Noblet
25ème Réunion des Gouverneurs Francophones 23-25 mai 2019, Bordeaux
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Structure
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Quelles sont les principales conclusions de l'Eurobaromètre jugées pertinentes pour la BCE?
Quels sont les principaux résultats de l'enquête menée par la BCE auprès des citoyens de la zone euro?
Pourquoi et comment les banques centrales ont elles recours aux enquêtes d’opinion publique?
4 Conclusions
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Pourquoi avoir recours aux enquêtes d’opinion pour les banques centrales?
• La confiance est l’une des clés de voûte du système financier – le terme "crédit" vient du latin credere, signifiant "croire" ou "faire
confiance"; – le terme “monnaie fiduciaire” vient du latin fiducia, confiance.
• Il est donc important de s’assurer que les individus ont confiance dans la monnaie et font confiance à la banque centrale: – la confiance dans la banque centrale [BCE] a été jugée comme l’un
des facteurs significatifs dans la réduction des anticipations d'inflation et dans l'incertitude relative à l'inflation future (Christelis et al, 2017).
• Il est également pertinent de s’assurer de l'image et de la connaissance des activités de la banque centrale: – la connaissance des activités de la banque centrale [BCE] est l’un des
critères soulignant la confiance dans les institutions (Mellina et Schmidt, 2019).
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Pourquoi est-il important pour la BCE de mieux connaître l’opinion des Européens?
• La BCE fait face à un défi supplémentaire: elle est une institution européenne et elle est la banque centrale de 19 États membres:
– le degré d'hétérogénéité des préférences des citoyens de l'UE reste
élevé; de plus, les citoyens associent les identités nationales et européennes, mais continuent de s'identifier plus fortement à leur pays qu'à l'Europe et à l'UE;
– les turbulences financières et économiques au sein de l'Union européenne ont eu un impact considérable sur la manière dont les citoyens européens évaluent les avantages de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne et l'avenir du processus d'intégration (euroscepticisme);
– la confiance des citoyens européens dans le projet européen est essentielle pour parachever l’Union économique et monétaire.
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Quels sont les différents sondages d'opinion utilisés par les banques centrales?
• Enquêtes utilisées par la BCE:
– l’ « Eurobaromètre standard » est compilé sur la base d'environ 27500 entretiens conduits face-à-face (~1000 par pays). Cette enquête est complétée par les Eurobaromètres flash et deux sondages du Parlement européen (l’Eurobaromètre au printemps et Parlemètre à l’automne);
– le « Knowledge & Attitudes Survey » est conduit par la BCE une fois par an et se focalise plus précisément sur l’intérêt, la connaissance et les opinions des citoyens de la zone euro envers la BCE.
• Exemples d’enquêtes conduites par d'autres banques centrales:
– « Public Awareness and Communications Survey » de la Banque du Canada;
– « Opinion Survey on the General Public's Views and Behavior » par la Banque du Japon.
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Structure
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Quelles sont les principales conclusions de l'Eurobaromètre jugées pertinentes pour la BCE?
Quels sont les principaux résultats de l'enquête menée par la BCE auprès des citoyens de la zone euro?
Pourquoi et comment les banques centrales ont elles recours aux enquêtes d’opinion publique?
4 Conclusions
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Enquête Eurobaromètre: le soutien pour l’euro s’établit à un niveau record
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Question: êtes-vous pour ou contre une union économique et monétaire européenne dotée d’une seule monnaie, l’euro?
Différence entre les proportions de réponses « pour » et « contre »
Chart1
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Zone euro
DE
FR
IT
ES
EL
45.2007526706
24
42
75
55
44
42.0524399564
19
32
74
54
50
38.5932162628
11
38
67
57
50
31.3341276585
3
30
62
44
49
39.2619053584
15
39
71
46
50
42.6068396071
29
33
65
47
63
55.0802798648
43
39
78
68
64
46.7241413885
32
45
57
60
45
55.2625442831
48
55
69
57
43
38.494236632
27
40
44
45
31
36.8985872993
20
41
42
50
31
45.9583429343
42
59
34
43
26
36.5501093409
21
55
41
26
0
41.4856421614
36
59
36
33
-7
36.985711014
29
44
42
33
3
41.3620327861
36
55
36
36
-1
45.3356134736
48
47
42
41
-5
45.9189350231
43
53
39
47
2
40.2317267176
41
45
27
41
2
44.1598574077
45
49
33
40
16
43.3877479434
42
49
30
38
24
40.4348053043
37
41
35
31
27
36.3953860815
29
34
40
33
32
41.8001007507
39
43
44
31
31
38.2914757443
31
42
41
34
24
35.5746126226
37
31
28
33
55
34.0927812996
35
41
20
19
54
37.8152679379
43
42
26
33
34
31.1987270437
37
29
29
15
24
32.3220774115
46
31
17
19
27
40.9273975981
53
42
25
28
40
40.6486270818
52
40
22
36
28
42.9471102888
56
42
29
30
40
41.1217095148
50
39
21
40
43
42.7525686398
51
46
19
41
28
45.6513042639
66
40
16
46
38
51.1420776399
67
48
26
55
32
52.9808015514
65
46
29
67
36
53.582829113
69
46
32
57
42
54.8680506804
66
48
36
61
37
Data (trust)
QA17.4 Please tell me if you tend to trust [the European Central Bank] or tend not to trust it.1999199920002000200120012002200220032003200420042005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012201320132014201420152015201620162017201720182018
Population by country
EB51EB52EB53EB54EB55EB56EB57EB58EB59EB60EB61EB62EB63EB64EB65EB66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90
Trust in ECBS.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
ATtend to trust4446424544545058525247505553525552575057585953505146464947474250404141454745485237982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267
ATtend not to trust27243332302429223029342528303030333030313130384340464443444247415050494844464240-47982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267
ATnet trust17229131430213622231325272322251927202627291571102635-59-10-9-8-33-161277982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
BEtend to trust44444946445546555246526868586464696267645555535757515044484846414346474952525653410213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058
BEtend not to trust27272328232323172328272022272524232324313234383433404350444640464143404341414040-110213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058
BEnet trust17172618213223382918254846313940463943332321152324117-6426-5237611111613510213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
CYtend to trust5264495354425049443434111623242319222329363433-2682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236
CYtend not to trust2115262625353128344653807566646666646556545251-2682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236
CYnet trust31492327297192110-12-19-69-59-43-40-43-47-42-42-27-18-18-180682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
DEtend to trust50464345505656595750545552565660656160565251435047374239403738353235303337394649782037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000
DEtend not to trust24283032232320192124262931272824222124323334453939494852495149535452585553494539-482037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000
DEnet trust26181313273336403626282621292836434036241917-2118-12-6-13-9-14-11-18-22-17-28-22-16-101101182037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
EEtend to trust5645525151514746454143444646524761379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133
EEtend not to trust22282729333124202122242622231721-61379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133
EEnet trust34172522182023262419191824233526121379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133
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ELtend to trust36353942414841474752515244545862565351514251392924221617181619211917151819212722610747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868
ELtend not to trust26261428252421272116192125394037434649485844576572728181808076757878818077756972-610747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868
ELnet trust109251416242020263632311915182513723-167-18-36-48-50-65-64-62-64-57-54-59-61-66-62-58-54-42-501210747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
EStend to trust37454748435043524343495139384042554258504446423733291917151914202222242428353129-440303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302
EStend not to trust24182124262427213025262532302625262416293836404247576975757177686463626662535656340303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302
ESnet trust132726241726163113182326781417291842216102-5-14-28-50-58-60-52-63-48-42-41-38-42-34-18-25-27-740303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
FItend to trust54485150505958576458686872576562726769727271666365625659566460626058616766706771-35159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130
FItend not to trust24293230282422241926202420312328212118182118252927293635373027252625282622212020-15159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130
FInet trust30191920223536334532484452264234514651545153413438332024193433373433334144494751-25159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
FRtend to trust41454643404840444338404538353837404543443836323533303537302928302828332932343531160158533601585336054502260545022609793156097931561424036614240366186408861864088622922416229224162772870627728706322963563229635636450656364506564007193640071936435022664350226646588566465885664978721649787216527698365276983656003506560035065942267659422676645627966456279667304536673045366989083669890836722194367221943
FRtend not to trust32323034272731312733333037322525363033383840454038484744525149484950475248484549-360158533601585336054502260545022609793156097931561424036614240366186408861864088622922416229224162772870627728706322963563229635636450656364506564007193640071936435022664350226646588566465885664978721649787216527698365276983656003506560035065942267659422676645627966456279667304536673045366989083669890836722194367221943
FRnet trust91316913219131657151313124151060-4-13-5-5-18-12-7-22-22-21-18-21-22-14-23-16-14-10-18460158533601585336054502260545022609793156097931561424036614240366186408861864088622922416229224162772870627728706322963563229635636450656364506564007193640071936435022664350226646588566465885664978721649787216527698365276983656003506560035065942267659422676645627966456279667304536673045366989083669890836722194367221943
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
IEtend to trust48505654556156615357565249525753585258525149444536262931303629324034404546445446103732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259
IEtend not to trust11141515111111121312131218141515141514242826373440535251555053524448454239443336-113732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259
IEnet trust37364139445045494045434031384238443744282323711-4-27-23-20-25-14-24-20-4-14-53702110213732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
ITtend to trust49515352435754554947444855445740524044454645414443372335283122283530292834353937456909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973
ITtend not to trust14152221181512141518242119281732242625333130323334425846555352504247515247474850156909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973
ITnet trust35363131254242413429202736164082814191215159119-5-35-11-27-22-30-22-7-17-22-24-13-12-9-13356909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
LUtend to trust615059596270677269636664646461626259596060605762615354555558444951545357605462518427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005
LUtend not to trust12211820161616181820181714151919191818241922262324293131322436313230302824342529-9427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005
LUnet trust492941394654515451434847504942434341413641383139372423242334818192423293620372217427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
MTtend to trust53555862545151444044485354495659495351514753586386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701
MTtend not to trust13111214171621192222212018191516212319181920111386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701
MTnet trust40444648373530251822273336304143283032332833475386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
NLtend to trust68767065636763616560647269657071757679796763566159596258535054575555515255636262-115760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084
NLtend not to trust129131914131617162319142016161413910131922322527312734394030293330343631262827215760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084
NLnet trust56675746495447444937455849495457626769664841243632283524141024282225171624373435-315760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
PTtend to trust425350514954555460545259606354595848615151554446413934373028293738383644474156521510186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027
PTtend not to trust15121420171914191720201516161918232420242722373442475250616161515052534641443233-1210186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027
PTnet trust27413631323541354334324444473541352441272433712-1-8-18-13-31-33-32-14-12-14-17-26-324192710186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
SItend to trust66636362494847494337394335352836372828313432373651978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880
SItend not to trust232121283839423942495451585261515358595757585253-61978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880
SInet trust434242341195101-12-15-8-23-17-33-15-16-30-31-26-23-26-15-17111978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
SKtend to trust5558655865656861575652505539504542404341464445-25393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120
SKtend not to trust222120252024243034363939374837364543434040403705393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120
SKnet trust33374533454144312320131118-9139-3-301648-25393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
LVtend to trust42394943383543414344504262399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379
LVtend not to trust353624323439343533353131-42399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379
LVnet trust7325114-4961091911102399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
LTtend to trust565451585652594973536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901
LTtend not to trust1922242520221925-33536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901
LTnet trust3732273336304024103536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
UKtend to trust2222192120292525284131263127302627282123232222182024211918242623272826293130258579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444
UKtend not to trust3133373733292935313134393237353537404346515246596160595143444551454236444441058579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444
UKnet trust-10-310-3-13-1-10-5-9-10-12-22-23-28-30-24-41-41-36-38-32-25-20-19-28-18-14-10-15-13-11258579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444
192127
667067
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
EB51EB52EB53EB54EB55EB56EB57EB58EB59EB60EB61EB62EB63EB64EB65EB66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB900000000000000000000000000000000000000000
S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
EU(weighted average)tend to trust424443444250474947444450474449465347504844444143403635373434313435333434373941
tend not to trust242527292423232323262525272825272524243033333937384649495149484645474849454443
NMStend to trust36434538494554n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.
tend not to trust14192021202116n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.
Euro areanet trust23.313478068724.899687651322.997748259220.03600211623.047917600932.363918495728.527253623232.760050950128.7000736322.490099722622.857467933327.661126452621.670637430719.628986189726.300394649123.327308982929.043273125626.570735791929.508356987620.642517671114.272001453314.45530939722.11918726046.55586212933.0044609608-10.8819795284-17.5378252005-15.754429822-22.04-20.82-22.54-18.70-17.28-17.95-19.82-20.05-12.80-8.22-3.27-4.20
Zone euro
QA17.1/ QA17.2 Please tell me if you tend to trust the following institutions:
S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
European ParliamentParlement européen
EUtend to trust50535253525754595754545752515252565552514850484845414044413937424338404245455048
EUtend not to trust28272828252424232327292631343032282727313633373738454645474848434147464541423939
net trust2226242527333036342725312117222028282520121711117-4-6-1-6-9-11-12-9-6-3431197
EAtend to trust
EAtend not to trust
EAnet trust
European CommissionCommission européenne
EUtend to trust40444546455047535046475246464748525047474446454440363640363532384035373841424643
EUtend not to trust33293030272529242428292731332931272627303432363637434644474746424046454541413939
net trust7151516182518292618182515131817252420171014983-7-10-4-11-12-14-40-11-8-701747
EAtend to trust
EAtend not to trust
EAnet trust
ECBBCE
EUtend to trust42444343425046494744465047444946534750484444414340363537343431343533343437394141
EUtend not to trust24252729242323232326272527282527252424303333393738464949514948464547484945444342
net trust18191614182723262418192520162419282326181111262-10-14-12-17-15-17-12-10-14-14-15-8-5-2-16
EAnet trust
National GovernmentGouvernement national
EUtend to trust3034313135304134323432292932242827252327293127273137363435
EUtend not to trust6060646259625359626163656663706768717268656366686457596159
net trust-30-26-33-31-24-32-12-25-30-27-31-36-37-31-46-39-41-46-49-41-36-32-39-41-33-20-23-27-24-7
EAtend to trust
EAtend not to trust
EAnet trust
National ParliamentParlement national
EUtend to trust353835353833433534343432303133272828262528303128283236353435
EUtend not to trust525557565458505656585861636260666666686965626264656257586058
net trust-17-17-22-21-16-25-7-21-22-24-24-29-33-31-27-39-38-38-42-44-37-32-31-36-37-30-21-23-26-23-5
EAtend to trust
EAtend not to trust
EA|net trust
Trust in EP, NP and NG per MS
EP vs NPEPNPNGEP vs NPEPNPNGEPNP
Spring 2018Tend to trustAutumn 2018Tend to trustAutumn 2018Tend to trust
AT-4505451AT-1555655BE6454
BE19614239BE10645449FI6363
CY10473747CY18462832NL6368
DE1605954DE2605854DE6058
EE16574149EE7514454LU6052
EL26391312EL22371514IE5741
ES27411417ES22371519LT5716
FI6635747FI0636353AT5556
FR14432931FR13402726MT5559
IE20644446IE16574141PT5537
IT31491815IT17442728EE5144
LT56671128LT41571628LV4721
LU12705872LU8605262CY4628
LV34531928LV26472131SK4629
MT13554251MT-4555963IT4427
NL-3646767NL-5636863FR4027
PT11594855PT18553743SI3822
SI18382019SI16382223EL3715
SK28492121SK17462932ES3715
Image of the EUordered by net image
Spring 2018Net PosPosNegEP vs NPImage of the EU
AT113625IE1150
BE163923BG3743
BG435613PT741
CY93425LU440
CZ13130LT4139
DE324917MT737
DK294314PL2137
EE324210RO3833
EL-102737DE-429
ES213615EE428
FI244016HU1128
FR113625ES2026
HR163418FI124
HU214120DK-423
IE56648SE-822
IT123523SK1821
LT40477LV2720
LU405414SI2119
LV253813NL-917
MT41509BE916
NL194223IT2214
PL385012HR3513
PT455611FR812
RO355015CY1710
SE174225AT04
SI193617UK-12
SK153318CZ210
UK53429EL17-20
Trust in EU
S.05S.06S.07S.08S.09S.10S. 11S.12S.13S.14S.15S.16S.17A.17S.18SI Trust in ECB
EU444858504742423133314033424142SI support for euro
DE394156434637353029303928444749EU Trust in ECB
FR394151504339393734343330413334EU support for euro
IT565658404742422225243629363436
ES465065665143392117173432404442
EL576363595542321918242617222327
Flache, Laurence:EA average calculated for countries of initial changeover from 99 to 2006 + SI as of 2007, + CY & MT as of 2008, + SK as of 2009 and + EE as of 2011.
Data (support euro)
What is your opinion on each of the following statements? Please tell me for each statement, whether you are for it or against it. A European economic and monetary union with one single currency, the euro.1999199920002000200120012002200220032003200420042005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012201320132014201420152015201620162017201720182018
Survey results by countryPopulation by country
Support for the euroEB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB89ATfor70
S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S.11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18S.18ATagainst23
ATnet support47
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ATnet support23281015274353595343465335423144394439524748344031223538363739443030442840434047-3597982461798246180021868002186802094680209468063640806364081002738100273814257381425738201359820135982542988254298828298482829848307989830798983350038335003835164383516438375164837516484081218408121845186084518608507786850778685849268584926870047187004718772865877286588222678822267BEnet support70
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000BGfor35
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BEnet support5959554857507266736668796867657069666864685959596461524053495855546157535763657027910213752102137521023908510239085102634141026341410309725103097251035584410355844103964211039642110445852104458521051138210511382105845341058453410666866106668661075308010753080108399051083990511000638110006381107588911075889111379741113797411180840111808401123727411237274113111171131111711351727113517271141305811413058CYfor74
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BGagainst13181717171923162022222529283232403936424244494650475050520508230371823037181908768190876814946881494687868815786881578055067805506774514777451477688573768857376293717629371757267375726737518002751800274671197467119742176674217667369431736943173272247327224728455272845527245677724567772021987202198715378471537847101859710185970500347050034CZfor21
BGnet support544548454945345241383730252918226515-13-1-12-4-12-8-11-15-17-4548230371823037181908768190876814946881494687868815786881578055067805506774514777451477688573768857376293717629371757267375726737518002751800274671197467119742176674217667369431736943173272247327224728455272845527245677724567772021987202198715378471537847101859710185970500347050034CZagainst74
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000CZnet support-53
CYfor5953464643504659586763576355555248474453514449535260676974269682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236DEfor81
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CYnet support2412-3-1-55-22220362917291413800-897-939924354150641682862682862690497690497697549697549705539705539713720713720722893722893733067733067744013744013757916757916776333776333796930796930819140819140839751839751862011862011865878865878858000858000847008847008848319848319854802854802864236864236DEnet support66
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000DKfor30
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CZnet support283226212423121113614-22-14-40-51-47-52-46-44-49-45-51-55-54-47-57-51-48-5333210289621102896211027809810278098102320271023202710201182102011821019264910192649101953471019534710198855101988551022357710223577102542331025423310343422103434221042578310425783104620881046208810486731104867311050544510505445105161251051612510512419105124191053827510538275105538431055384310578820105788201061005510610055EEfor85
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DEnet support241911315294332482720422136293648434145423729393137354337465352565051666765696646982037011820370118216347582163475822595408225954082440309824403098253668082536680825316718253167182500849825008498243799582437995823149068231490682217837822178378200235682002356818022578180225780222065802220658032790080327900805237468052374680767463807674638119753781197537821756848217568482521653825216538285000082850000ELagainst30
net support moving average18111016293541363230283329343842444343413635333634424550545352566166671670000000000000000000000000000000000000000ELnet support37
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000ESfor78
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DKnet support-4-8-11-14-16-191514965555101186599-13-10-13-40-41-37-34-32-37-27-32-34-36-34-37-32-36-31-4155313577531357753300205330020534921253492125368354536835453835075383507539764053976405411405541140554274595427459544708454470845475791547579155114515511451553473855347385560628556062855805165580516560262856026285627235562723556597155659715570725157072515748769574876957811905781190FIfor82
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000FIagainst14
EEfor55595348495154565861635763716471697376808383827881838488854881379237137923714012501401250139272013927201383510138351013751901375190136625013662501358850135885013507001350700134292013429201338440133844013357401335740133329013332901329660132966013252171325217132017413201741315819131581913148701314870131594413159441315634131563413191331319133FInet support68
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00000000000000000000000000000000000000000FRnet support48
ELfor6570697072798071706464624946514947515158626364646075756560626963697062686466696738010747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868HUfor53
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ELnet support4450504950636445433131260-73-1-52216242732312455543424274028404328383236423766410747768107477681077562710775627108359891083598910888274108882741091577010915770109403691094036910969912109699121100471611004716110360081103600811060937110609371109474511094745111192891111928911123392111233921108640611086406110036151100361510926807109268071085801810858018107837481078374810768193107681931073886810738868HUnet support10
net support moving average48505054595751403529196-1-2-1-1-071422283029374428303236373736333537590000000000000000000000000000000000000000IEfor84
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000IEagainst10
ESfor70727568686980777570746958616064686867676662646262635563525660656167687175827678-68240303568403035684047018240470182406655454066554541035278410352784182783841827838425474514254745143296338432963384400997144009971447846664478466645668939456689394623927346239273464866194648661946667174466671744681821946818219467278904672789046512199465121994644956546449565464400994644009946527039465270394665930246659302IEnet support74
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net support moving average555249465458625451464034313437414343403634323333292221283135374247566061.66666666670000000000000000000000000000000000000000ITnet support36
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000LTfor67
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FIagainst37494849464731302227252022202520182119151618191921262422222220201922202020201914-1495159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130LTnet support40
FInet support21-21-432333653434859555950586356616767635859564550545353565559525658575557682675159646515964651713025171302518111551811155194901519490152062955206295521973252197325236611523661152555805255580527695552769555300484530048453263145326314535142753514275375276537527654012675401267542667454266745451270545127054717535471753548730854873085503297550329755131305513130LUfor85
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net support moving average373336343739464745475258535349524849484641394039383434384140424245454757.66666666670000000000000000000000000000000000000000LVnet support68
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000MTfor74
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HUnet support3439434437424038373842444929165810171315175101112211110-10491025341610253416102216441022164410200298102002981017485310174853101423621014236210116742101167421009754910097549100765811007658110066158100661581004540110045401100309751003097510014324100143249985722998572299319259931925990879899087989877365987736598555719855571983048598304859797561979756197783719778371NLfor80
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IEnet support596541495658656762657175757975787979787977787267656466444650566065626776727474740793732006373200637775653777565383278338327833899702389970239641913964191402885140288514111672411167242081564208156434011843401184457765445776545213224521322454942845494284570881457088145892874589287460977946097794637852463785246776274677627472628647262864784383478438348382594838259PLagainst54
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00000000000000000000000000000000000000000PTfor77
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ITagainst911141712149191326272826282428252431283128242426293331303629323034353732302927-13756909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973PTnet support60
ITnet support7574676271657857694442344136423642392733303540444128202629172522292119162629323637856909109569091095692352456923524569606925696069256987507569875075713050657130506574959005749590057874753578747535806421458064214582237445822374458652875586528755900058659000586591901435919014359364690593646905939420759394207596852275968522760782668607826686079561260795612606655516066555160589445605894456048397360483973ROfor55
net support moving average7268676671676857524039374038403936333033354042383024242125242319202429720000000000000000000000000000000000000000ROagainst35
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000ROnet support20
LTfor6960544655544857485252505148464243404050637367656765686567-3733536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901SEfor29
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LTnet support5034206191762491515111471-5-4-12-99325142374034413540-6513536401353640135120743512074348699834869983454637345463734314973431497339892933989293355220335522032898353289835324998332499833212605321260531838563183856314197631419763052588305258830036413003641297190529719052943472294347229212622921262288855828885582847904284790428089012808901SEnet support-36
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000SIfor86
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LUagainst91521171514610101510141210181518131615121818131618192621201717181716111116139-326427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005SInet support75
LUnet support76645562667085797868787175796369637266687462617364625946565961636263667674616876785427350427350433600433600439000439000444050444050448300448300454960454960461230461230469086469086476187476187483799483799493500493500502066502066511840511840524853524853537039537039549680549680562958562958576249576249590667590667602005602005SKfor77
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000SKagainst15
LVfor59575546534748544748535552534239354353687478727878787683817832399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379SKnet support62
LVagainst3132364338424236444137364140515456514025191619161716181213-6562399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379UKfor28
LVnet support28251931556183716191113-9-15-21-8134355625362616258716813712399248239924823817152381715235338423533842320956232095622993902299390227652022765202249724224972422278742227874220884022088402191810219181021628342162834212050421205042074605207460520448132044813202382520238252001468200146819860961986096196895719689571950116195011619343791934379UKagainst59
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000UKnet support-31
MTfor4650504755646372636866666768616364686973777874757777777274-578386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701HRfor40
MTagainst3940364030262819242627282424303229252521181619191414141617240386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701HRagainst56
MTnet support710147253835533942393843443131354344525962555663636357-6363386397386397388759388759391415391415394641394641397296397296399867399867402668402668404999404999405616405616407832407832410926410926414027414027414989414989417546417546422509422509429424429424439691439691450415450415460297460297475701475701HRnet support-16
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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NLagainst23222731302322293034392627272824211818151618252224262522292721212121212218201818-23915760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084
NLnet support4853403336485338372819464444424956636268656346545045485339445555545456556158626246815760225157602251586395015863950159870751598707516105285161052851619257216192572162580321625803216305526163055261633421016334210163579921635799216405399164053991648578716485787165749891657498916655799166557991673034816730348167795751677957516829289168292891690072616900726169791201697912017081507170815071711808417118084
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
PLfor6556505452544949444746434738383536293537403234353432363436-26538666983386669833826330338263303382539553825395538242197382421973821853138218531381906083819060838173835381738353815705538157055381254793812547938115641381156413813587638135876380228693802286938062718380627183806379238063792380625353806253538017856380178563800561438005614379672093796720937972964379729643797668737976687
PLagainst263440353736393943414246455056555663554748545255576157585416338666983386669833826330338263303382539553825395538242197382421973821853138218531381906083819060838173835381738353815705538157055381254793812547938115641381156413813587638135876380228693802286938062718380627183806379238063792380625353806253538017856380178563800561438005614379672093796720937972964379729643797668737976687
PLnet support3922101915181010164-32-12-18-20-20-34-20-10-8-22-18-20-23-29-21-24-18-33938666983386669833826330338263303382539553825395538242197382421973821853138218531381906083819060838173835381738353815705538157055381254793812547938115641381156413813587638135876380228693802286938062718380627183806379238063792380625353806253538017856380178563800561438005614379672093796720937972964379729643797668737976687
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
PTfor5965645759677370756967676567576364605453546153564954585552505958626769747477807738010186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027
PTagainst23222226302419222025272627262932262534313025343339323337374234363128262321161517-14210186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027
PTnet support364342312943544855444041384128313835202224361923102225181582522313943515361656046510186634101866341024902210249022103307741033077410394669103946691044459210444592104730501047305010494672104946721051198810511988105325881053258810553339105533391056301410563014105734791057347910572721105727211054239810542398104872891048728910427301104273011037482210374822103413301034133010309573103095731029102710291027
net support moving average403934344248524946424040363332353126222726261718191416182631384449556059.66666666670000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
ROfor717466657073717271727164646561605656586365646357556057615547422488595224885952245548522455485224304572243045721833483218334832162750921627509215211422152114221382354213823542125701621257016211305032113050320635460206354602044029020440290202946832029468320199059201990592009599620095996200200742002007419947311199473111987064719870647197603141976031419644350196443501952362119523621
ROagainst118141614131513171514201719232228322926232624333533362835-83622488595224885952245548522455485224304572243045721833483218334832162750921627509215211422152114221382354213823542125701621257016211305032113050320635460206354602044029020440290202946832029468320199059201990592009599620095996200200742002007419947311199473111987064719870647197603141976031419644350196443501952362119523621
ROnet support6066524956605659545757444746383828242937423839242027213320126622488595224885952245548522455485224304572243045721833483218334832162750921627509215211422152114221382354213823542125701621257016211305032113050320635460206354602044029020440290202946832029468320199059201990592009599620095996200200742002007419947311199473111987064719870647197603141976031419644350196443501952362119523621
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
SEfor39433826295149514141454648445051454548485152343734232723192319232523252725252629152885432288543228861426886142688827928882792890912889091288940788894078889756708975670901139290113929047752904775291132579113257918292791829279256347925634793406829340682941557094155709482855948285595558939555893964486496448649747355974735598510179851017999515399951531012024210120242
SEagainst47485464624242414854514848534646514947474444626162747176797477737271716972717165079885432288543228861426886142688827928882792890912889091288940788894078889756708975670901139290113929047752904775291132579113257918292791829279256347925634793406829340682941557094155709482855948285595558939555893964486496448649747355974735598510179851017999515399951531012024210120242
SEnet support-8-5-16-38-339710-7-13-6-20-945-6-41178-28-24-28-51-44-53-60-51-58-50-47-48-46-42-47-46-45-36110885432288543228861426886142688827928882792890912889091288940788894078889756708975670901139290113929047752904775291132579113257918292791829279256347925634793406829340682941557094155709482855948285595558939555893964486496448649747355974735598510179851017999515399951531012024210120242
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
SIfor8783778283918690908686828381818083777879757877808583858486-1911978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880
SIagainst9141815148118810111414171718152118161915171512141213111211978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880
SInet support7869596769837582827675686964646268566063566360657369737175-2831978334197833419877551987755199009419900941994026199402619950331995033199643319964331997590199759020033582003358201037720103772010269201026920323622032362204697620469762050189205018920554962055496205882120588212061085206108520628742062874206418820641882065895206589520668802066880
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
SKfor6972606365696366768988878982788072777874798178788180807777-3895393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120
SKagainst2323313130273130217101110161816241918211715171716131217155315393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120
SKnet support4649293235423236558278767966606448586053626661616567686062-8825393382539338253986575398657537878353787835378951537895153748735374873537187553718755372685537268553729285372928537318053731805376064537606453824015382401539041053904105392446539244654043225404322541083654108365415949541594954213495421349542625254262525435343543534354431205443120
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
UKfor28252221252731282423263128282829292426282728191721151514151916202020172423302728-33158579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444
UKagainst55596163575852616365616264546362646766646665737573807980797473707273766763626159-18058579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444
UKnet support-27-34-39-42-32-31-21-33-39-42-35-31-36-26-35-33-35-43-40-36-39-37-54-58-52-65-64-66-64-55-57-50-52-53-59-43-40-32-34-31-2-2158579685585796855878524658785246589997815899978159239564592395645950139459501394597937595979375960182050601820506062036160620361610732796107327961571647615716476204234362042343625101976251019763022532630225326349530363495303639052976390529764351155643511556487516564875165653825566538255665808573658085736618644466186444
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
HRfor57535656565452514346403574527459452745944977354497735429540642954064305494430549443053844305384430572543057254310861431086143124874312487431353043135304311967431196743097964309796430284743028474289857428985742759844275984426214042621404246809424680942253164225316419066941906694154213415421341054934105493
HRagainst3838363636384345524856-452
HRnet support19152020201696-9-2-16720
37.777777777837.1111111111
55.555555555654.8888888889
-17.7777777778-17.7777777778
Net support for the euro - EA weighted results
EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81.2EB82EB83EB84Eb85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90
Zone euroS.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S.04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
Euro area45423931394355475538374637413741454640444340364238363438313241414341434651535455
EA moving average4237363846485247444040413840414444434343404039393636343435384242424347505354
Net support for the euro - EU weighted results
EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81.2EB82EB83EB84EB85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90
EUS.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
for61605855596167636659606359605960636160616160565856535253515255565756555860616162
against28323337333025302735353135343433313133323333373537404040424136363637383634333232
net support3328251826314233392425322426252732302729282719231913121391119202119172226282930
Support for the euro - EA weighted results
EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81.2EB82EB83EB84Eb85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90
S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
EA68686662666774717567667166686568706968706967656866646366626367676867687073747475
Support for the euro - non-EA weighted results
EB 51EB 52EB 53EB 54EB 55EB 56EB 57EB 58EB 59EB 60EB 61EB 62EB 63EB 64EB 65EB 66EB 67EB 68EB 69EB 70EB 71EB 72EB73EB74EB75EB76EB77EB78EB79EB80EB81.2EB82EB83EB84Eb85EB86EB87EB88EB89EB90
S.99A.99S.00A.00S.01A.01S.02A.02S.03A.03S. 04A.04S.05A.05S.06A.06S.07A.07S.08A.08S.09A.09S.10A.10S. 11A.11S.12A.12S.13A.13S.14A.14S.15A.15S.16A.16S.17A.17S.18A.18
non-EA13121110121415141312134946444545464243424343363735302928273231343232303332353434
23252627252422252628263740384141414443444443505052595860625856545757605757555554
Flache, Laurence:EA average calculated for countries of initial changeover from 99 to 2006 + SI as of 2007, + CY & MT as of 2008, + SK as of 2009 and + EE as of 2011.
Flache, Laurence:EU 15 until EB 61, EU 25 from EB 62 to EB 66, EU 27 as of EB 66
Flache, Laurence:EU 15!
Flache, Laurence:EU 15 till EB 61!
Flache, Laurence:EU 25!!!
Flache, Laurence:EU 27 with BG&RO as of 2007
Flache, Laurence:EA average calculated for countries of initial changeover from 99 to 2006 + SI as of 2007, + CY & MT as of 2008, + SK as of 2009 and + EE as of 2011.
Flache, Laurence:EA average calculated for countries of initial changeover from 99 to 2006 + SI as of 2007, + CY & MT as of 2008, + SK as of 2009 and + EE as of 2011.
population
Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level [demo_gind]
Last update10.07.18
Extracted on11.07.18
Source of dataEurostat
INDIC_DEPopulation on 1 January - total
GEO/TIME19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018
European Union (current composition)486,577,953487,259,080488,240,527488,962,706490,691,578492,555,798494,598,322496,436,597498,300,775500,297,033502,090,235503,170,618502,964,837504,047,964505,163,008507,011,330508,540,103510,277,177511,521,685512,596,403
Euro area (19 countries)319,373,924320,375,247321,447,131322,819,636324,573,948326,314,018328,141,448329,684,938331,204,579333,096,775334,470,255335,266,424334,572,589335,288,924336,044,966337,540,639338,560,247339,880,049340,719,423341,464,266
Euro area (18 countries)315,837,523316,863,173317,960,133319,364,999321,142,451322,915,089324,786,228326,395,103327,954,596329,884,170331,286,399332,124,448331,520,001332,285,283333,073,061334,597,167335,638,985336,991,491337,871,519338,655,365
BE10,213,75210,239,08510,263,41410,309,72510,355,84410,396,42110,445,85210,511,38210,584,53410,666,86610,753,08010,839,90511,000,63811,075,88911,137,97411,180,84011,237,27411,311,11711,351,72711,413,058
BG8,230,3718,190,8768,149,4687,868,8157,805,5067,745,1477,688,5737,629,3717,572,6737,518,0027,467,1197,421,7667,369,4317,327,2247,284,5527,245,6777,202,1987,153,7847,101,8597,050,034
CZ10,289,62110,278,09810,232,02710,201,18210,192,64910,195,34710,198,85510,223,57710,254,23310,343,42210,425,78310,462,08810,486,73110,505,44510,516,12510,512,41910,538,27510,553,84310,578,82010,610,055
DK5,313,5775,330,0205,349,2125,368,3545,383,5075,397,6405,411,4055,427,4595,447,0845,475,7915,511,4515,534,7385,560,6285,580,5165,602,6285,627,2355,659,7155,707,2515,748,7695,781,190
DE82,037,01182,163,47582,259,54082,440,30982,536,68082,531,67182,500,84982,437,99582,314,90682,217,83782,002,35681,802,25780,222,06580,327,90080,523,74680,767,46381,197,53782,175,68482,521,65382,850,000
EE1,379,2371,401,2501,392,7201,383,5101,375,1901,366,2501,358,8501,350,7001,342,9201,338,4401,335,7401,333,2901,329,6601,325,2171,320,1741,315,8191,314,8701,315,9441,315,6341,319,133
IE3,732,0063,777,5653,832,7833,899,7023,964,1914,028,8514,111,6724,208,1564,340,1184,457,7654,521,3224,549,4284,570,8814,589,2874,609,7794,637,8524,677,6274,726,2864,784,3834,838,259
EL10,747,76810,775,62710,835,98910,888,27410,915,77010,940,36910,969,91211,004,71611,036,00811,060,93711,094,74511,119,28911,123,39211,086,40611,003,61510,926,80710,858,01810,783,74810,768,19310,738,868
ES40,303,56840,470,18240,665,54541,035,27841,827,83842,547,45143,296,33844,009,97144,784,66645,668,93946,239,27346,486,61946,667,17446,818,21946,727,89046,512,19946,449,56546,440,09946,527,03946,659,302
FR60,158,53360,545,02260,979,31561,424,03661,864,08862,292,24162,772,87063,229,63563,645,06564,007,19364,350,22664,658,85664,978,72165,276,98365,600,35065,942,26766,456,27966,730,45366,989,08367,221,943
HR4,527,4594,497,7354,295,4064,305,4944,305,3844,305,7254,310,8614,312,4874,313,5304,311,9674,309,7964,302,8474,289,8574,275,9844,262,1404,246,8094,225,3164,190,6694,154,2134,105,493
IT56,909,10956,923,52456,960,69256,987,50757,130,50657,495,90057,874,75358,064,21458,223,74458,652,87559,000,58659,190,14359,364,69059,394,20759,685,22760,782,66860,795,61260,665,55160,589,44560,483,973
CY682,862690,497697,549705,539713,720722,893733,067744,013757,916776,333796,930819,140839,751862,011865,878858,000847,008848,319854,802864,236
LV2,399,2482,381,7152,353,3842,320,9562,299,3902,276,5202,249,7242,227,8742,208,8402,191,8102,162,8342,120,5042,074,6052,044,8132,023,8252,001,4681,986,0961,968,9571,950,1161,934,379
LT3,536,4013,512,0743,486,9983,454,6373,431,4973,398,9293,355,2203,289,8353,249,9833,212,6053,183,8563,141,9763,052,5883,003,6412,971,9052,943,4722,921,2622,888,5582,847,9042,808,901
LU427,350433,600439,000444,050448,300454,960461,230469,086476,187483,799493,500502,066511,840524,853537,039549,680562,958576,249590,667602,005
HU10,253,41610,221,64410,200,29810,174,85310,142,36210,116,74210,097,54910,076,58110,066,15810,045,40110,030,97510,014,3249,985,7229,931,9259,908,7989,877,3659,855,5719,830,4859,797,5619,778,371
MT386,397388,759391,415394,641397,296399,867402,668404,999405,616407,832410,926414,027414,989417,546422,509429,424439,691450,415460,297475,701
NL15,760,22515,863,95015,987,07516,105,28516,192,57216,258,03216,305,52616,334,21016,357,99216,405,39916,485,78716,574,98916,655,79916,730,34816,779,57516,829,28916,900,72616,979,12017,081,50717,118,084
AT7,982,4618,002,1868,020,9468,063,6408,100,2738,142,5738,201,3598,254,2988,282,9848,307,9898,335,0038,351,6438,375,1648,408,1218,451,8608,507,7868,584,9268,700,4718,772,8658,822,267
PL38,666,98338,263,30338,253,95538,242,19738,218,53138,190,60838,173,83538,157,05538,125,47938,115,64138,135,87638,022,86938,062,71838,063,79238,062,53538,017,85638,005,61437,967,20937,972,96437,976,687
PT10,186,63410,249,02210,330,77410,394,66910,444,59210,473,05010,494,67210,511,98810,532,58810,553,33910,563,01410,573,47910,572,72110,542,39810,487,28910,427,30110,374,82210,341,33010,309,57310,291,027
RO22,488,59522,455,48522,430,45721,833,48321,627,50921,521,14221,382,35421,257,01621,130,50320,635,46020,440,29020,294,68320,199,05920,095,99620,020,07419,947,31119,870,64719,760,31419,644,35019,523,621
SI1,978,3341,987,7551,990,0941,994,0261,995,0331,996,4331,997,5902,003,3582,010,3772,010,2692,032,3622,046,9762,050,1892,055,4962,058,8212,061,0852,062,8742,064,1882,065,8952,066,880
SK5,393,3825,398,6575,378,7835,378,9515,374,8735,371,8755,372,6855,372,9285,373,1805,376,0645,382,4015,390,4105,392,4465,404,3225,410,8365,415,9495,421,3495,426,2525,435,3435,443,120
FI5,159,6465,171,3025,181,1155,194,9015,206,2955,219,7325,236,6115,255,5805,276,9555,300,4845,326,3145,351,4275,375,2765,401,2675,426,6745,451,2705,471,7535,487,3085,503,2975,513,130
SE8,854,3228,861,4268,882,7928,909,1288,940,7888,975,6709,011,3929,047,7529,113,2579,182,9279,256,3479,340,6829,415,5709,482,8559,555,8939,644,8649,747,3559,851,0179,995,15310,120,242
UK58,579,68558,785,24658,999,78159,239,56459,501,39459,793,75960,182,05060,620,36161,073,27961,571,64762,042,34362,510,19763,022,53263,495,30363,905,29764,351,15564,875,16565,382,55665,808,57366,186,444
NO4,445,3294,478,4974,503,4364,524,0664,552,2524,577,4574,606,3634,640,2194,681,1344,737,1714,799,2524,858,1994,920,3054,985,8705,051,2755,107,9705,166,4935,213,9855,258,3175,295,619
Special value:
:not available
INDIC_DEAverage population - total
GEO/TIME19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018
European Union (current composition)487,113,652487,821,535488,601,617489,827,142491,623,688493,577,060495,517,460497,368,140499,306,703501,193,634502,702,657503,807,810503,519,304504,605,486506,087,169507,659,760509,408,640510,897,987512,059,044:
Euro area (19 countries)319,874,591320,911,189322,133,384323,696,792325,443,983327,227,733328,913,193330,444,213332,158,476333,783,515334,868,340335,659,589334,930,757335,666,945336,792,803337,934,486339,220,148340,298,292341,091,845:
Euro area (18 countries)316,350,353317,411,653318,662,566320,253,725322,028,770323,850,659325,590,666327,174,304328,927,182330,585,285331,705,424332,562,307331,902,642332,679,172333,835,114335,002,119336,315,238337,430,061338,263,442:
BE10,226,41910,251,25010,286,57010,332,78510,376,13310,421,13710,478,61710,547,95810,625,70010,709,97310,796,49310,895,58611,038,26411,106,93211,159,40711,209,05711,274,19611,331,42211,382,393:
BG8,210,6248,170,1728,009,1427,837,1617,775,3277,716,8607,658,9727,601,0227,545,3387,492,5617,444,4437,395,5997,348,3287,305,8887,265,1157,223,9387,177,9917,127,8227,075,947:
CZ10,283,86010,255,06310,216,60510,196,91610,193,99810,197,10110,211,21610,238,90510,298,82810,384,60310,443,93610,474,41010,496,08810,510,78510,514,27210,525,34710,546,05910,566,33210,594,438:
DK5,321,7995,339,6165,358,7835,375,9315,390,5745,404,5235,419,4325,437,2725,461,4385,493,6215,523,0955,547,6835,570,5725,591,5725,614,9325,643,4755,683,4835,728,0105,764,980:
DE82,100,24382,211,50882,349,92582,488,49582,534,17682,516,26082,469,42282,376,45182,266,37282,110,09781,902,30781,776,93080,274,98380,425,82380,645,60580,982,50081,686,61182,348,66982,685,827:
EE1,390,2441,396,9851,388,1151,379,3501,370,7201,362,5501,354,7751,346,8101,340,6801,337,0901,334,5151,331,4751,327,4391,322,6961,317,9971,314,5451,315,4071,315,7891,317,384:
IE3,754,7863,805,1743,866,2433,931,9473,996,5214,070,2624,159,9144,273,5914,398,9424,489,5444,535,3754,560,1554,580,0844,599,5334,623,8164,657,7404,701,9574,755,3354,811,321:
EL10,761,69810,805,80810,862,13210,902,02210,928,07010,955,14110,987,31411,020,36211,048,47311,077,84111,107,01711,121,34111,104,89911,045,01110,965,21110,892,41310,820,88310,775,97110,753,531:
ES40,386,87540,567,86440,850,41241,431,55842,187,64542,921,89543,653,15544,397,31945,226,80345,954,10646,362,94646,576,89746,742,69746,773,05546,620,04546,480,88246,444,83246,483,56946,593,171:
FR60,351,77860,762,16961,201,67661,644,06262,078,16562,532,55663,001,25363,437,35063,826,12964,178,71064,504,54164,818,78965,127,85265,438,66765,771,30966,084,11666,593,36666,859,76867,105,513:
HR4,512,5974,468,3024,300,4504,305,4394,305,5554,308,2934,311,6744,313,0094,312,7494,310,8824,306,3224,296,3524,282,9214,269,0624,254,4754,236,0634,207,9934,172,4414,129,853:
IT56,916,31756,942,10856,974,10057,059,00757,313,20357,685,32757,969,48458,143,97958,438,31058,826,73159,095,36559,277,41759,379,44959,539,71760,233,94860,789,14060,730,58260,627,49860,536,709:
CY686,680694,023701,544709,630718,307727,980738,540750,965767,125786,632808,035829,446850,881863,945861,939852,504847,664851,561859,519:
LV2,390,4822,367,5502,337,1702,310,1732,287,9552,263,1222,238,7992,218,3572,200,3252,177,3222,141,6692,097,5552,059,7092,034,3192,012,6471,993,7821,977,5271,959,5371,942,248:
LT3,524,2383,499,5363,470,8183,443,0673,415,2133,377,0753,322,5283,269,9093,231,2943,198,2313,162,9163,097,2823,028,1152,987,7732,957,6892,932,3672,904,9102,868,2312,828,403:
LU430,475436,300441,525446,175451,630458,095465,158472,637479,993488,650497,783506,953518,347530,946543,360556,319569,604582,014596,336:
HU10,237,53010,210,97110,187,57610,158,60810,129,55210,107,14610,087,06510,071,37010,055,78010,038,18810,022,65010,000,0239,971,7279,920,3629,893,0829,866,4689,843,0289,814,0239,787,966:
MT387,578390,087393,028395,969398,582401,268403,834405,308406,724409,379412,477414,508416,268420,028425,967434,558445,053455,356467,999:
NL15,812,08815,925,51316,046,18016,148,92916,225,30216,281,77916,319,86816,346,10116,381,69616,445,59316,530,38816,615,39416,693,07416,754,96216,804,43216,865,00816,939,92317,030,31417,099,796:
AT7,992,3248,011,5668,042,2938,081,9578,121,4238,171,9668,227,8298,268,6418,295,4878,321,4968,343,3238,363,4048,391,6438,429,9918,479,8238,546,3568,642,6998,736,6688,797,566:
PL38,660,27138,258,62938,248,07638,230,36438,204,57038,182,22238,165,44538,141,26738,120,56038,125,75938,151,60338,042,79438,063,25538,063,16438,040,19638,011,73537,986,41237,970,08737,974,826:
PT10,217,82810,289,89810,362,72210,419,63110,458,82110,483,86110,503,33010,522,28810,542,96410,558,17710,568,24710,573,10010,557,56010,514,84410,457,29510,401,06210,358,07610,325,45210,300,300:
RO22,472,04022,442,97122,131,97021,730,49621,574,32621,451,74821,319,68521,193,76020,882,98220,537,87520,367,48720,246,87120,147,52820,058,03519,983,69319,908,97919,