ا.د محمد سعيد ربيع...

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Surat Fussilat

A linguisitic & rhetorical study

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Abstract

Fussilat Sura alinguisitic & rhetorical study Prepared by

Kamal Selmi Shehada Al Kouz Supervised by

Prof. Dr. Odeh Khalil Abu Odeh

This study deals with explanation and exploration of Fussilat sura wich was explained in details, through introduction of a general definition of this sura, then to explain some of its linguistic and rhetirical mairacles and also to make applied study to such phenomena to detect its rhetorical and Quranic miracles which was the basic miracle for the proohet, peace be upon him, as he challenged the Arabs to bring something like it. This thesis will discuss two basic axes. x To explain some linguistic cases in an explained sura such as phonetic, morphological

and dictionary cases as well as some style matters. xTo explain some rhetorical cases in an explained sura, such a consideration, advance

and delay,definition and denial in addition to detection of some scientific facts by miraculous Quranic style. This study depend upon the dictionaries such as Lisan AL Arab "The Arab Tongue"

by Ibn Manthour and others. Also there were big language sources sush as "the characteristics" by Ibn Jeni and the other different explanation books sush as "Jami AL Bayan" for Al Tabri, the "Big Explanation" by Alfakhr Al Razi, the collector of Quran rules by Al Qortobi & other.

The research also took care of old Quranic study books sush as "Perfection in Quran Sciences" "The Evidence" and modern Quranic studies sush as "The Rhetoric Explination of Enquiry" by Abdil Adhim Al Mtani. "The Turn Style" by Hasan Tabel & some other modern Quranic research papers.

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2- The Heart Speaks, Dr. Guarneri.

3- Cell Phones Causing Skin Infections, www.switched.com, Jul 16th 2007.

4- Fetal skin cells heal burns, Nature, 2004.

5- Researchers make stem cells from skin, The Financial Times, June 6 2007.

6- Genetically Modified Skin Cells Fight Infection, www.livescience.com, 09 January 2007.

8- Skin cells 'fight child cancer', www.bbc.co.uk, 7 July 2007.

9- Listen to your DNA, , www.bbc.co.uk, November 26, 1998.

10- Specifically activated memory T cell subsets from cancer patients recognize and reject

xenotransplanted autologous tumors, American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2004.

11- Jill Neimark, Sound healing, www.findarticles.com, March, 2004 .

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