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6
2551
6
2551
ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT
IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE OFFICIAL INSPECTION REGION 6
By
Bancha Sirireangchai
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF EDUCATION
Department of Educational Administration
Graduate School
SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY
2008
48252308 :
: ,
:
6. : . . , . .
. . . 138 .
1)
6 2)
6
(Jung Teh Fah) (NT)
32 (NT) 32 64
1 2 3 384
(Likert) (frequency)
(percentage) ( x ) (S.D)
(stepwise multiple regression analysis)
1. 6
6
2.
6
6
2551
......................................................................................................................................
1..............................2.................................3..................................
48252308 : MAJOR : EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
KEY WORD : ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS/ STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
BANCHA SIRIREANGCHAI : ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’
ACHIEVEMENT IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE OFFICIAL INSPECTION REGION 6. THESIS ADVISOR :
ASST. PROF. PRASERT INTARAK, Ed.D., ASSOC. PROF. SIRICHAI CHINATANGKUL, Ph.D., AND
SARIYA SUKHABANIJ,Ph.D. 138 pp.
The purposes of this research were to identify : 1) the administrative factors of the high and
low achievement students in schools under the official inspection region 6, and 2) the administrative
factors affecting high and low achievement students in schools under the official inspection region 6.
The samples of this research were 32 schools by Jung Teh Fah’s technique of the high achievement
group and 32 schools of the low achievement group with the total of 64 schools. There were 384
respondents, consisted of one school administrator, two assistant administrators and three teachers from
each school. The questionnaire concerning the administrative factors based on Likert’s concept. The
statistical used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and stepwise multiple regression
analysis.
The findings revealed as follows:
1) The administrative factors of the high achievement schools under the official inspection
region 6 as a whole and as an individual, were rated at a high level, placed from the highest to lowest as:
interaction-influence, motivation, leadership, performance goal and training, decision making, goal
setting or ordering, communication, and controlling. The administrative factors of the low achievement
schools as a whole and as an individual, were also rated at a high level, placed from the highest to the
lowest as: interaction-influence, leadership, performance goal and training, motivation, decision making,
communication, goal setting or ordering, and controlling.
2) The administrative factors such as decision making and leadership affected high
achievement students in schools under the official inspection region 6. Performance goal and training
and controlling affected low achievement students in schools under the official inspection region 6.
Department of Education Administration Graduate school, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2008
Student’s signature …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Thesis Advisors’ signature 1………….………….……2……..…..…………..……..3…………..………………..
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2 ........................................................................................ 16
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3 ............................................................................................... 67
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4 ......................................................................................... 75
1 …………………. 76
2
6.......................................................... 78
3
(NT) 6.................................. 96
4
(NT)
6........................................................................ 97
5 ............................................. 105
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1.
2550 ( )........................................................... 5
2.
2550 ( )....................................................... 6
3.
2550 ( )....................................................... 7
4.
2550 ( )........................................................ 8
5.
2550 ( )...................................................... 9
6. .................................................................... 69
7.
/ / .................... 76
8.
6 ............ 78
9.
6 ... 79
10.
6 ...... 80
11.
6
................................................................................................. 81
12.
6
…………………………………............. 82
13.
6
…………………………………............ 83
14.
6
............................................................................................. 84
15.
6
....................................................................... 85
16.
6
..................................................................................................... 86
17.
6
……………………………........................... 87
18.
6 ....... 88
19.
6 …. 89
20.
6 ..... 90
21.
6
....................................................................................... 91
22.
6
………………………...…………......... 92
23.
6
………………………...…………............ 92
24.
6 .. 93
25.
6
........................................................................ 94
26.
6
....................................................................................................... 95
27.
6
……….....…………………............................ 96
28.
(NT) 6
............................................................................................. 96
29.
(NT) 6
............................................................................................ 97
28.
(NT)
6.......................................................................................................... 98
29.
(NT) 6 ( )…..........................………....………... 98 totY
30.
(NT)
6………………………………………………..…………..................... 101
31.
(NT) 6 ( )…................................................... 102 totY
1. ........................................................................ 13
2. ……………………………………………………………………. 14
3. ………………………………………………………. 26
4. .................................................................. 30
5. Vroom….......................................................... 33
6.
(NT)
6.......................................................................... 100
7.
(NT)
6………………..………………........................... 104
2
1
1
8 ( . .2540-2544)
9 ( . .2545-2549) “ ”
10 ( . .2550-2554)
2
1, 8
. .2540-2544 ( : ,2540),1.
2,
10 ( . .2550-2554) ( :
,2545),3.
1
2
2540
2550
. . 2542 ( 2 ) . . 25453
4
9 ( 2545-2549)
“ ”
5
3. .2550 ( :
,2550), .
4, :
( : ,2542),8.
5, , 9 ( . . 2545-
2549) ( : , 2544), 2.
3
6
6, “ ”
( :
,2538),29-30.
4
7
6
“ 2539-
2550”
8
6
2550 3
6
7, 2542 (
: ,2542),1-2.
8 5 ,
5 2539 ( :
.5,2540),35-42.
5
2
17 50.87 1
22 50.60 2 26
50.32 1 31
50.08 1 33
49.94 1 48 48.99
2 52 48.77
3 71 48.15
2 101 46.60
3 102 46.59 1
1
2550
S.D.
1 2 5591 17 50.87 5.08
2 1 4878 22 50.60 5.09
3 2 3077 26 50.32 4.82
4 1 4126 31 50.08 5.01
5 1 6272 33 49.94 5.36
6 1 3723 48 48.99 4.81
7 2 5208 52 48.77 4.99
8 3 1642 71 48.15 4.63
9 2 3713 101 46.60 4.70
10 3 2298 102 46.59 4.93
: “
2550”,2550.( )
6
1
21 37.07 2
28 36.46 2
40 35.89 1 42
35.75 1 45
35.32 2 58
34.81 1 66 34.28
3 104 33.15
3 105 33.12
2 119 32.60 2
2
2550
S.D.
1 1 4878 21 37.07 6.45
2 2 5591 28 36.46 6.16
3 2 3077 40 35.89 5.24
4 1 6272 42 35.75 6.27
5 1 4126 45 35.32 6.04
6 2 5209 58 34.81 5.46
7 1 3723 66 34.28 5.29
8 3 2298 104 33.15 4.75
9 3 1642 105 33.12 3.99
10 2 3713 119 32.60 4.26
: “
2550”,2550.( )
7
2
18 37.41 1
24 37.07 2
26 37.04 1 37
36.37 1 63
35.39 1 64
35.36 2 69 35.13
3 79 34.66
2 129 33.30
3 160 32.34 3
3
2550
S.D.
1 2 3075 18 37.41 4.92
2 1 4876 24 37.07 5.49
3 2 5593 26 37.04 5.34
4 1 6268 37 36.37 5.39
5 1 3722 63 35.39 4.91
6 1 4125 64 35.36 5.06
7 2 5209 69 35.13 4.80
8 3 2298 79 34.66 4.77
9 2 3710 129 33.30 4.31
10 3 1642 160 32.34 3.79
: “
2550”,2550.( )
8
2
14 44.80 2
21 44.23 1
22 44.18 1 33
43.54 1 39
43.16 1 40
43.11 2 52 42.42
3 64 41.89
2 87 40.96
3 99 40.32 4
4
2550
S.D.
1 2 5591 14 44.80 5.29
2 2 3077 21 44.23 5.32
3 1 4878 22 44.18 5.43
4 1 6270 33 43.54 5.47
5 1 4125 39 43.16 5.25
6 1 3723 40 43.11 5.17
7 2 5207 52 42.42 5.22
8 3 1642 64 41.89 4.85
9 2 3712 87 40.96 5.11
10 3 2298 99 40.32 5.08
: “
2550”,2550.( )
9
2
26 30.11 2
36 29.30 1
42 29.14 1 54
28.36 3 88
27.50 1 92
27.32 1 97 27.21
2 99 27.10
3 107 27.01
2 122 26.67 5
5
2550
S.D.
1 2 3075 26 30.11 4.94
2 2 5592 36 29.30 4.68
3 1 4877 42 29.14 4.87
4 1 6266 54 28.36 4.59
5 3 1642 88 27.50 3.94
6 1 3722 92 27.32 4.13
7 1 4125 97 27.21 4.30
8 2 5209 99 27.10 3.94
9 3 2298 107 27.01 3.75
10 2 3708 122 26.67 3.84
: “
2550”,2550.( )
10
6
1.
2.
6
1.
2.
6
11
1.
2.
6
(Daniel Katz) (Robert L. Kahn) (input)
(process) (output)9
(context)
(input)
(process)
(output)
(Steers) 4
1) (organization characteristics) 2)
(environmental characteristics) 3) (employee characteristics) 4)
(policies and practices)10
(Fayol )
5 1)
(Planning) 2) (Organization) 3) (Commanding) 4)
9 Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organization, 2
nd ed.
(New York : John Wiley and Son, 1978), 20.
10 Richard M. Steers, Organizational Effectiveness : A Behavioral Views (Santa
Monica, California Publishing Company Inc., 1977), 7-10.
12
(Coordinating) 5) (Controlling)11
(Likert)
8 (1)
(leadership) (2) (motivational forces) (3)
(communication process) (4) (interaction influence
process) (5) (decision making process) (6)
(goal setting or ordering) (7) (control process) (8)
(performance goal and training)12
1
11,
( : ,2551), 20-22.
12 Rensis Likert, The Human Organization : Its Management and Value (Tokyo,
Japan : McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, Ltd., 1967), 197-211.
13
1
: Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organization, 2nd
ed.
(New York : John Wiley and Son, 1978), 20.
: Rensis Likert, The Human Organization : Its Management and Value (Tokyo
Japan : McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, Ltd., 1967), 197-211.
(context)
(input) (process) (output)
-
-
-
(feedback)
-
-
-
-
-
14
6
(Likert) 8 (1) (leadership) (2)
(motivational forces) (3) (communication process) (4)
(interaction influence process) (5) (decision making
process) (6) (goal setting or ordering) (7)
(control process) (8) (performance goal and
training) 2
(Xtot)
1. (leadership) X1
2. (motivational forces) X2
3. (communication process) X3
4.
(interaction influence process) X4
5. (decision making process) X5
6.
(goal setting or ordering) X6
7. (control process) X7
8.
(performance goal and training) X8
2
: Rensis Likert, The Human Organization (Tokyo Japan : McGraw-Hill Kogakusha,
Ltd., 1967), 197-211.
15
National Test (NT) 3 6
2550
16
2
6
(Likert)
1)
(employee centered)
2)
(job centered)
16
17
1 8
3 9
8
(Likert) (Productivity)
40
(an effective interaction
influence system)
(productivity)
(management system)
(leadership pattern) 4
1 : (system 1 : exploitative)
2 : (system 2 : benevolent authoritative)
8Rensis Likert, New Patterns of Management (New York : McGraw-Hill Book
Company Inc.,1961), 5-25.
18
3 : (system 3 : consultative)
4 : (system 4 : participative – group)
19
4 (system 4) (Likert)
8
(1) (leadership)
(2) (motivational forces)
(3) (communication process)
(4) (interaction influence
process)
(5) (decision making process)
(6) (goal setting or ordering)
(7) (control process)
(8) (performance goals and
training)9
(leadership)
(Likert)
9Rensis Likert, The Human Organization : Its Management and Value (Tokyo,
Japan : McGraw-Hill , 1967), 4-24.
20
(Katz and Kahn)
11
(Good)
12
(Hersey and Blanchard)
13
(Morphet and others)
14
10Rensis Likert, New Pattern of Management (Tokyo, Japan : McGraw-Hill
Kogakusha, Ltd., 1961), 273.
11D. Katz and R.L.Kahn, , ( :
,2548),2.
12Carter V.Good, Dictionary of Education,3
rd ed.(New York : Mc Graw-Hill Book
Company,1973),4.
13Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard, Management of organizational Behavior :
Utilizing Human Resources (Englewood cliffs : Prentice-Hall International, Inc.,1993), 86.
14, ( :
, 2541), 32.
21
(Tead)
15
(Stogdill)
16
(Koontz and Donnell)
(means)
5 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (5)
17
(Richards and Engle)
(Schein)
(Drath and Palus)
18
15Ordway Tead, The Art of Leadership (New York : McGraw-Hill Book Company,
1970), 20.
16Ralph M. Stogdill, Handbook of Leadership : A Survey of theory and Research
(New York : The Free Press, 1974), 7.
17Koontz and Donnell ,
( : , 2541), 33.
18 , ( : ,2548),3.
22
19
(Spain and others)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(5) (6) (7) 20
(Shane)
21
19, ( : , 2541),
35.
20Charles A.Spain, Marold D. Drummond, and John I. Goodlad, Educational
Leadership and Elementary School Principle (New York : Rinehart and Company, Inc.,
1956), 19.
21Harold G.Shane, Creative School Administration (New York : Henry Holl
Company, 1957), 517-519.
23
(Sachs) (1)
(2) (3)
(4) (5)
22
(Fayol)
23
(Sayles) (1)
(2) (3) 24
(Quible) (1)
(2) (3) (4)
(5) (6) (7)
25
(Barnard) (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
26
22Benjamin M.Sachs, Educational Administration : A Behavioral Approach
(Boston : Houghton Miffin Company, 1966), 3-4.
23Henri Fayol, General and Industrial Management (Constance Store, Toronto :
Pitman Publishing, 1971), 7.
24Leonard R. Sayles, Leadership : What Effective Manager Really Do and How
They Do it (U.S.A : McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1979), 32.
25Zane K.Quible, The Administrative Office Management Function,2
nded.
(Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood, 1980), 15-17.
26Chester I. Barnard, Organization and Management (Cambridge, Mass :
Harvard University Press, 1926), 92-102.
24
(Stogdill) 6 (1)
(2) (3)
(4) (5)
(6) 27
(Kicks and Gullet)
28
4 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
29
27Ralph M. Stogdill, Handbook of Leadership : A Survey of Theory and Research,
17-23.
28Robert G. Hick and Ray C. Gullet, Organizational Theory and Behavior (New
York : McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1975), 300.
29,
( : ,2534),108.
3
1)
2)
6
(descriptive research)
6 (unit of analysis) 384 64
(Likert) 1
3
1
2
3
67
68
(descriptive research)
(the two – group, non -
experimental comparison design) (diagram)
R1
R2
X
O1
O2
R1
R2
X
X
O1
O2
69
6
116
(NT)
116
27% 27%
(NT) 32 (NT)
32 64
1
2 3 6 64
384 6
6
1 11 8 19 11 8 22 16 33 24 114
2 7 5 12 7 5 14 10 21 15 72
3 9 7 16 9 7 18 14 27 21 96
4 5 12 17 5 12 10 24 15 36 112
32 32 64 32 32 64 64 96 96 384
70
3
1.
2. (Likert)
1. (leadership process)
-
2. (motivational forces) -
3. (communication process)
-
4. (interaction–influence process)
-
5. (decision making-process)
6. (goal setting or ordering)
-
7. (control process)
8. (performance goal and training)
71
1
2
1
(Forced choice)
2 8
(Likert)
5 (rating scale) 5
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 113
1
2
5 ( )
113, ( :
. ,2540),107-108.
72
(Index of Item Objective Congruence : IOC)
3 (try out)
6 5 30
4
(reliability) (Cronbach)114
.9633
1.
6 64
2.
6
(unit of analysis)
6 64 1
2 3 6 384
114 Lee J. Cronbach, Essentials of Psychology Testing,3
rded. (New York :
Harper & Row Publishers,1974),161.
73
1. (frequency)
(%)
2. 2
6
( x ) (S.D.)
(Best) 115
1.00-1.49
1.50-2.49
2.50-3.49
3.50-4.49
4.50-5.00
3. 2
6
(stepwise multiple regression analysis)
1)
2)
6
(the two–group,non-experimental design)
2
(NT) 32
115 John. W. Best, Research in Education, 4
thed.(New Jersey : Prentice –
Hall,Inc.,1981),182.
74
(NT) 32 64 1
2 3 384
(Likert) 1
(frequency) (%) ( x )
(S.D.) (stepwise
multiple regression analysis)
80
4
“
6”
6
(the two–group, non-experimental design)
6
116
(NT) 116
27%
27% (NT) 32
(NT) 32 64
64 6
1 2 3 384
100
4
1
2
6
3 (NT)
6
4
(NT) 6
75
76
1
64 384
/
/ (frequency) (percentage)
7
7
/
/
( )
1.
179
205
46.61
53.39
384 100.00
2.
35
35 - 45
45
20
89
275
5.21
23.18
71.61
384 100.00
3.
2
180
202
0.52
46.88
52.60
384 100.00
77
7 ( )
( )
4.
64
128
192
16.67
33.33
50.00
384 100.00
5. /
1 - 10
11 - 20
20
64
72
248
16.67
18.75
64.58
384 100.00
6. /
1 - 2
3 – 4
4
37
21
326
9.64
5.46
84.90
384 100.00
7 205
53.39 179 46.61
45 275 71.61 35-45
89 23.18 35 20
5.21 202 52.60
180 46.88
2 0.52 192
50.00 128 33.33
64 16.67
20 248 64.58 11 - 20 72
78
18.75 1 – 10 64 16.67
/ 4 326 84.90
1-2 37 9.64 3 - 4 21
5.46
2
6
6 ( X )
).( DS 8
8
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1. )( 1X
2. )( 2X
3. )( 3X
4. )( 4X
5. )( 5X
6. )( 6X
7. )( 7X
8. )( 8X
4.07
4.08
3.99
4.12
4.02
4.00
3.93
4.06
0.44
0.42
0.46
0.42
0.50
0.39
0.42
0.44
)( totX 4.03 0.42
8
6 ( X = 4.03, DS. = 0.42)
79
8
( X = 4.12, DS. = 0.42) ( X = 4.08,
DS. = 0.42) ( X = 4.07, DS. = 0.44)
( X = 4.06, DS. = 0.44) ( X = 4.02, DS. = 0.50)
( X = 4.00, DS. = 0.39) ( X = 3.99, DS. = 0.46)
( X = 3.93, DS. = 0.42)
6 9 - 16
9
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.08
3.97
4.18
4.11
3.99
0.43
0.40
0.48
0.51
0.49
4.07 0.44
9 ( X = 4.07,
DS. = 0.44)
( X = 4.18, DS. = 0.48)
80
( X = 4.11,
DS. = 0.51) ( X = 3.97,
DS. = 0.40)
10
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.02
4.25
4.11
3.85
4.10
0.48
0.44
0.44
0.52
0.40
4.07 0.42
10 (X = 4.07, DS. =
0.42)
( X = 4.25, DS. = 0.44)
81
( X = 4.11, DS. = 0.44)
( X = 3.85, DS. = 0.52)
11
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.06
4.07
3.96
3.97
3.88
0.44
0.47
0.50
0.46
0.53
3.99 0.46
11 ( X =
3.99, DS. = 0.46)
( X = 4.07, DS. = 0.47)
82
( X = 4.06,
DS. = 0.44)
( X = 3.88, DS. = 0.53)
12
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.02
4.15
4.17
4.20
4.07
0.44
0.37
0.47
0.47
0.54
4.12 0.42
12
( X =4.12, DS. =0.42)
( X =4.20, DS. =0.47)
(X =4.17, DS. =0.47)
( X =4.02, DS. =0.44)
83
13
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.04
4.03
4.05
3.99
4.02
0.05
0.48
0.54
0.49
0.54
4.03 0.50
13 ( X =
4.03, DS. = 0.50)
( X = 4.05,
DS. = 0.54)
( X = 4.04, DS. = 0.05)
( X = 3.99, DS. = 0.49)
84
14
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.05
3.79
4.09
4.07
0.52
0.42
0.43
0.41
4.00 0.39
14
( X = 4.00, DS. = 0.39)
( X = 4.09,
DS. = 0.43)
( X = 4.05, DS. = 0.52)
( X = 3.79, DS. = 0.42)
85
15
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.05
4.08
3.74
3.83
0.46
0.45
0.48
0.49
3.93 0.42
15 ( X = 3.93,
DS. = 0.42)
( X = 4.08, DS. = 0.45)
( X = 4.05, DS. = 0.46)
( X = 3.74, DS. = 0.48)
86
16
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.10
4.03
4.09
4.02
0.48
0.38
0.48
0.46
4.06 0.44
16
( X = 4.06, DS. = 0.44)
( X = 4.10, DS. = 0.48)
( X = 4.09, DS. = 0.48)
( X = 4.02, DS. = 0.46)
87
6 ( X ) ).( DS
17
17
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1. )( 1X
2. )( 2X
3. )( 3X
4. )( 4X
5. )( 5X
6. )( 6X
7. )( 7X
8. )( 8X
4.06
3.96
3.91
4.07
3.95
3.90
3.88
4.00
0.30
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.42
)( totX 3.97 0.33
17
6 ( X =3.97, DS. = 0.33)
8
( X =4.07, DS. =0.33) ( X =4.06, DS. =0.30)
( X =4.00, DS. =0.42)
( X =3.96, DS. =0.32) ( X =3.95, DS. =0.38) ( X =3.91, DS. =
0.33) ( X =3.90, DS. =0.41)
( X =3.88, DS. =0.44)
88
6 18- 25
18
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.03
3.93
4.17
4.16
4.01
0.28
0.26
0.45
0.42
0.31
4.06 0.30
18 ( X = 4.06,
DS. = 0.30)
( X = 4.17, DS. = 0.45)
( X = 4.16,
DS. = 0.42) ( X = 3.93,
DS. = 0.26)
89
19
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.84
4.24
3.97
3.77
4.05
0.39
0.46
0.34
0.38
0.31
3.97 0.32
19 (X = 3.97, DS. =
0.32)
( X = 4.24, DS. = 0.46)
( X = 4.05, DS. = 0.31)
( X = 3.77, DS. = 0.38)
90
20
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.95
4.04
3.94
3.78
3.87
0.38
0.43
0.38
0.35
0.37
3.92 0.33
20 ( X =
3.92, DS. = 0.33)
( X = 4.04, DS. = 0.43)
( X = 3.95,
DS. = 0.38)
( X = 3.78, DS. = 0.35)
91
21
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.01
3.99
4.09
4.18
4.06
0.34
0.38
0.36
0.42
0.43
4.07 0.33
21
( X =4.07, DS. =0.33)
(X =4.18, DS. =0.42)
( X =4.09, DS. =0.36)
( X =3.99, DS. =0.38)
92
22
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.01
3.93
3.96
3.85
3.98
0.37
0.42
0.46
0.42
0.40
3.95 0.38
22 ( X =
3.95, DS. = 0.38)
( X = 4.01,
DS. = 0.37)
( X = 3.98, DS. = 0.40)
( X = 3.85, DS. = 0.42)
93
23
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.05
3.62
3.94
3.97
0.50
0.49
0.40
0.42
3.90 0.41
23
( X = 3.90, DS. = 0.41)
( X = 4.05, DS. = 0.50)
( X = 3.97, DS. = 0.42)
( X = 3.62, DS. = 0.49)
94
24
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.98
4.07
3.76
3.70
0.49
0.50
0.40
0.52
3.88 0.44
24 ( X =
3.88, DS. = 0.44)
( X = 4.07, DS. = 0.50)
( X = 3.98, DS. = 0.49)
( X = 3.70, DS. = 0.52)
95
25
6
(n = 32)
6
( X ) ).( DS
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.96
3.97
4.07
3.98
0.37
0.47
0.45
0.48
4.00 0.42
25
( X = 4.00, DS. = 0.42)
( X = 4.07, DS. =
0.45)
( X = 3.98, DS. = 0.48)
( X = 3.96, DS. = 0.37)
96
3 (NT)
6
(NT) 6 ( X )
).( DS 26
26
(NT) 6
(n=32)
(NT) 6 ( X ) ).( DS
(NT) 2.81 0.40
26
(NT) 6 2.81
0.40
(NT) 6 ( X )
).( DS 27
27
(NT) 6
(n = 32)
(NT) 6 ( X ) ).( DS
(NT) 2.00 0.00
27
(NT) 6 2.00
0.00
97
4
(NT) 6
(NT) 6
(Pearson’s product correlation coefficient)
28
28
(NT) 6
1X 2X 3X 4X 5X 6X 7X 8X totX totY
1X1
2X.930** 1
3X .917** .947** 1
4X.932** .948** .946** 1
5X .949** .975** .950** .927** 1
6X .903** .947** .905** .901** .918** 1
7X .890** .881** .900** .823** .890** .888** 1
8X .885** .876** .915** .896** .881** .888** .905** 1
totX .965** .977** .974** .960** .976** .955** .934** .943** 1
totY .927** .909** .945** .976** .970** .971** .927** .923** .995** 1
** .01
28
(NT) 6
[( 1X ), ( 2X ), ( 3X ), ( 4X ), ( 5X ), )( 6X , )( 7X , )( 8X ]
.01
98
(NT) 6 )( totX (NT)
6 )( totY .01
( xyr .995)
(NT) 6 [( 1X ), ( 2X ), ( 3X ), ( 4X ), ( 5X ), )( 6X , )( 7X ,
)( 8X ] (NT)
6 )( totY .01
(NT) 6
( stepwise multiple regression analysis )
29
1.
(NT) 6 ( totY )
29
29
(NT)
6 ( totY )
df
Sum of
Squares Mean Squares F
Sig
Regression 2 1.431 .715 6.024 .000**
Residual 189 22.491 .119
Total 191 23.922
** .01
99
(multiple R) .842
(R Squares) .894
(Adjusted R Squares) .845
(Standard error) .345
Unstandardized
Coefficients
standardized
Coefficients
Std.Error Beta
t Sig
(Constant) 2.363 .584 4.046 .000**
)( 5X 1.253 .397 1.566 3.153 .000**
)( 1X 1.128 .445 1.260 2.537 .000**
** .01
29
(NT) 6 )( 5X
)( 1X .842
(2R ) .894 (NT)
6 )( 5X )( 1X
(NT) 6
( totY ) 89.40 (Adjusted
2R ) .845 (Standard error) .345
(NT) 6
)( 5X )( 1X
(NT) 6 ( totY )
.01
)(128.1)(253.1363.2ˆ15 XXYtot
100
6
(NT)
6
)( 1X )( 5X ( totY ) 28 X
)( 1X )( 5X X
)( 1X )( 5X
( totY )
( totY ) 15 , XX
)( 4X
)( 1X
totY = 1.128
)( 5X
totY = 1.253
)( 2X
)( 3X
)( 6X
)( 7X
)( 8X
)( totX
101
(NT) 6
(Pearson’s product correlation coefficient)
30
30
(NT) 6
1X 2X 3X 4X 5X 6X 7X 8X totX totY
1X1
2X.796** 1
3X .810** .835** 1
4X.735** .855** .818** 1
5X .793** .784** .924** .809** 1
6X .709** .714** .858** .789** .903** 1
7X .718** .758** .815** .770** .860** .879** 1
8X .643** .665** .771** .798** .850** .945** .920** 1
totX .838** .867** .932** .897** .951** .942** .932** .919** 1
totY .867** .832** .891** .839** .864** .858** .808** .880** .804** 1
** .01
30
(NT) 6
[( 1X ), ( 2X ), ( 3X ), ( 4X ), ( 5X ), )( 6X , )( 7X , )( 8X ]
.01
(NT) 6 )( totX (NT)
6 )( totY .01
102
( xyr .804)
(NT) 6 [( 1X ), ( 2X ), ( 3X ), ( 4X ), ( 5X ), )( 6X , )( 7X ,
)( 8X ] (NT)
6 )( totY .01
(NT) 6
(stepwise multiple regression analysis)
31
2.
(NT) 6 ( totY )
31
31
(NT)
6 ( totY )
df
Sum of
Squares Mean Squares F
Sig
Regression 2 3.807 1.904 137.721 .000**
Residual 189 2.646 .014
Total 191 6.453
** .01
103
(multiple R) .951
(R Squares) .905
(Adjusted R Squares) .898
(Standard error) .118
Unstandardized
Coefficients
standardized
Coefficients
Std.Error Beta
t Sig
(Constant) .664 .203 3.267 .000**
)( 8X
.548 .129 .622 4.240 .000**
)( 7X .289 .122 .347 2.368 .000**
** .01
31
(NT) 6 )( 8X
)( 7X .951
(2R ) .905 (NT)
6 )( 8X )( 7X
(NT)
6 ( totY ) 90.50
(Adjusted 2R ) .898 (Standard error)
.118 (NT)
6 )( 8X )( 7X
(NT)
6 ( totY ) .01
)(289.)(548.664.ˆ78 XXYtot
104
7
(NT)
6
)( 7X )( 8X ( totY ) 30 X
)( 7X )( 8X X
)( 7X )( 8X
( totY )
( totY ) 78 , XX
)( 4X
)( 5X
)( 2X
)( 3X
)( 6X
)( 8X
totY = .289
)( 7X
totY = .225
)( totX
111
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118
119
120
1. .
Ed.D. ( Education Administration, E.S.U.,Kansas)
2. .
Ph.D. (Stratistics) Carngie - Mellon University, U.S.A.
3. .
4.
( . .)
5.
( . .)
121
122
123
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
124
125
126
1. 28.
2. 29.
3. 30.
4. 31.
5. 32.
6. 33.
7. 34.
8. 35.
9. 36.
10. 7 37. 3
11. 38.
12. 39.
13. 40.
14. 41.
15. 42.
16. 43.
17. 44.
18. 45.
19. 46.
20. 47.
21. 48.
22. 49.
23. 50.
24. 51.
25. 52. .
26. 53.
27. 54.
127
55.
56.
57.
58.
59
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
128
129
R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A)
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha
if Item Deleted
b1 143.9333 288.6851 0.3819 0.9637
b2 144.1667 285.0402 0.6376 0.9624
b3 143.6667 286.3678 0.5555 0.9628
b4 143.8667 280.0506 0.6351 0.9624
b5 143.9667 278.0333 0.6507 0.9624
b6 143.9667 280.1713 0.7826 0.9616
b7 143.6333 285.1368 0.6078 0.9625
b8 143.9333 287.4437 0.5235 0.9629
b9 144.4000 279.2138 0.7605 0.9617
b10 143.9667 283.4126 0.6342 0.9624
b11 144.3333 286.0920 0.5193 0.9629
b12 143.9667 285.3437 0.5466 0.9628
b13 144.1667 289.6609 0.3655 0.9637
b14 144.2000 281.2000 0.8094 0.9616
b15 143.9333 277.4437 0.7679 0.9616
b16 143.9000 284.7138 0.5815 0.9626
b17 144.0667 283.3747 0.6665 0.9622
b18 143.9667 275.1368 0.7193 0.9619
b19 143.9000 275.1966 0.7930 0.9614
b20 144.1000 284.2310 0.6036 0.9625
b21 143.8667 281.1540 0.7229 0.9619
b22 143.8333 286.1437 0.5813 0.9626
b23 143.9333 281.0989 0.7142 0.9619
b24 144.2000 286.7172 0.5959 0.9626
b25 143.7667 282.3920 0.6220 0.9624
b26 143.8000 274.2345 0.8266 0.9612
b27 144.4667 285.1540 0.4724 0.9633
b28 143.9667 278.5161 0.7968 0.9615
b29 144.1333 280.1195 0.8373 0.9614
130
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha
if Item Deleted
b30 144.0000 285.3103 0.5259 0.9629
b31 143.7667 275.4264 0.7352 0.9618
b32 144.2667 294.4782 0.1341 0.9650
b33 144.0333 286.4471 0.4968 0.9631
b34 143.8667 278.7402 0.8321 0.9613
b35 144.2000 278.5103 0.7498 0.9617
b36 143.8000 287.0621 0.5771 0.9627
b37 144.0667 276.0644 0.7049 0.9620
Case Processing Summary
N %
Valid 30 100.0
Excludeda
0 .0
Cases
Total 30 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the
procedure.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
0.9633 37
131
132
6
..........................................................
1. 1 2
3 6
2.
6
6
3. 2
1
2
6
133
1
( )
1.
( )
( )
2.
( ) 35
( ) 35 -45
( ) 45
3.
( )
( )
( )
4.
( )
( )
( )
5. /
( ) 1 - 10
( ) 11 – 20
( ) 20
6. /
( ) 1- 2
( ) 3- 4
( ) 4
134
2
2
5
4
3
2
1
5 4 3 2 1
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6
6
135
5 4 3 2 1
7 7
8
8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
136
5 4 3 2 1
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
25 25
26 26
27 27
28 28
29 29
137
5 4 3 2 1
30 30
31 31
32 32
33 33
34 34
35 35
36 36
37 37
..............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
.
138
-
55 2
70130
70130
. .2522
. .2546
. .2548
. .2523-2525 2
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