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PREFACE

Que disent les Instructions ministrielles ? Ds le dbut des

instructions, pdagogiques, sous le titre caractre utilitaire de cet

enseignement nous y trouvons dfini de faon extrmement prcise,

ce que doit tre le but atteindre. Ecoutons-le

Lenseignement de langlais au collge technique commercial apour caractre orignal lutilit immdiate ; il doit fournir aux lves des

connaissances positives dont ils puissent tirer parti pour les besoins

pratique : relation avec les clients dans un magasin, correspondance

commerciale, voyage ltranger, aussi devra-t-on assurer aux lves

chaque stade de cet enseignement, la possession effective de

lidiome tranger, dans les limites permises par les horaires et la dure

des tudes.

Le programme trs restreint qui est propos aux professeurs leur

permettra dobtenir de leurs lves, tout moment de la scolarit, laperfection de la prononciation, la correction grammaticale et la

spontanit de llocution dont lensemble constitue la possession

effective de la langue, si limit que soit le vocabulaire acquis.

En faisant ce livre, nous avons voulu essayer de rpondre ces

demandes. Cependant, nous voudrions tout dabord dire ce que ce que

nous navons PAS voulu faire.

Nous navons pas voulu rdiger un ouvrage complet danglaiscommercial. Il existe dexcellents manuels anglais, destin aux

tudiants et contenant toutes les connaissances exiges pour cette

discipline.

Nous avons poss en principe que nos lves avaient ces

connaissances dans leur propre langue. Il fallait donc leur donner des

textes qui contiendraient le minimum dexplications indispensables

pour que ces lves puissent comprendre ce dont il sagissait. Ceux-ci

nexigeaient plus quun trs petit nombre de termes nouveaux chaque

fois. Nous restions dans les limites dun programme trsrestreint .

On voit donc, par tout ce qui prcde, quelle a t notre intention.

Considrant le manuel comme lun des nombreux auxiliaires audio-

visuel du professeur, nous avons voulu quil soit une aide sous la forme

de textes, de documents, dexercices et dactivits. Si nous y avons

russi nous nous estimeront pleinement satisfaits.

Les auteurs :OUATTARA Mamadou Professeur dAnglais au CBCG Cocody

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NANDO Willson Professeur dAnglais au Collge Saint- Exupry Port-

Bout

Fait Abidjan,le 11 octobre 2009

REVISION

I- Les auxiliaires

A- LES AUXILIAIRES SIMPLES

1-to have (prsent)

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI have Have not Have I ?You have have not Have You ?She/he/it has has not Has He ?we have have not Have we ?they have have not Have they ?

PrtritAffirmative Negative Interrogative

I had Had not Had I ?You had had not Had You ?She/he/it had had not Had she ?we had had not Had we ?they had had not Had they ?

2-to be (prsent)

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI am Am not Am i ?You are are not Are you ?She/he/it is Is not Is she ?we are are not Are we ?they are are not Are they ?

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI was Was not Was I ?You were were not Were you ?

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She/he/it was was not Was she ?we were were not Were we ?they were were not Were they ?

3-To do (prsent)

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI do not do Do I ?You do not do Do you ?She/he/it does Does not Does she ?we do not do do we ?

they do not do do they ?

Prtrit

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI did did not did I ?You did did not did you ?She/he/it did did not did she ?we did did not did we ?

they did did not did they ?

B- LES AUXILIAIRES DE MODALITE

Les auxiliaires de modalit se distinguent des auxiliaires simples en

trois points

1. Ils ne portent pas la marque to de linfinitif : on dit can, Mustet non to

2. Ils sont invariables et ne prennent pas de s a la troisimepersonne du singulier on dit he can et non

3. Ils sont toujours suivi dun infinitif simple (infinitif sans to ) ex :she will be back sooner or later

4. Les modaux anglais les plus courants sont can, could, may,might, will, would, shall, should must, ought. En tant quauxiliaire,les modaux servent aussi former linterrogative ou la ngativeou la ngative des phrases qui les contiennent. Il nest donc passuperflu den tudier les formes et lemploi de quelques uns plus

prcisment, la nuance de sens quils apportent la phrase.

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1. CANa. formes

Affirmatif

/yes

Ngatif /no Interrogative

I Can Cannot / cant Can I ?

You Can Cannot / cant Can You ?He/She/It Can Cannot / cant Can He/She/It ?We Can Cannot / cant Can We ?They Can Cannot / cant Can They ?

b. emploi

Can a trois emplois lis au sens :

Can = Pouvoir, tre capable de. Ex I can drive a car (je peux / jesais conduire une voiture)

Can permet de demander la permission. Ex : can you lend meyour pen please ? (peux-tu me prter ton stylo sil te plait ?)

Can exprime la probabilit et le doute au premier degr. Theycan come any time (ils peuvent arriver tout moment)

2. COULDa. formes

Affirmatif /yes Ngatif /no InterrogativeI Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could I ?

You Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could You ?

He/She/I

t

Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could He/She/It ?

We Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could We ?

They Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could They ?

b. Emploi

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Could est un modal part entire mais il est souvent pris pour le

pass de can . Il y a

Could = pouvoir tre capable de (action passe)

Ex : I could hold my breath for more than minuites when I was younger

(quand jtais plus jeune, je retenais ma respiration pendant plus de

cinq minuites)

Could permet aussi de demander la permission mais un degrde politesse gnralement suprieure quavec can

Could you give me her address. Please ? (pourrez-vous me donner son

adresse sil vous plait ?

Could exprime enfin la probabilit et le doute au deuxime

degr : Stay down

NB :Tout comme Can, Could semploie aussi avec les verbes lies aux

sens mais exprimer une action pass.

Ex : I could hear him scream last night (je lentendais crier hier soir)

Could exprime aussi le conditionel et sert faire une suggestion. Ex :

we could go to the cinema could we ? (on pourrait aller au cinema,

quen pense-tu ?)

3.MAYa. formes

Affirmatif

/yes

Negatif /no Interrogative

I Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could I ?

You Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could You ?

He/She/I

t

Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could He/She/It ?

We Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could We ?

They Could Could not /

Couldnt

Could They ?

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b. EmploiMay a deux emplois

May permet de demander la permission mais un degr depolitesse plus lev que Can et CouldMay I go out, please ?(Pourrais, je sortir sil vous plait ?)May exprime aussi laprobabilit et le doute mais un degr plus lev que Can etcould (voir lexpression maybe peut-tre ) Ex : Theymay come late (il se peut quils viennent en retard)

4. WILL

a. Formes

Affirmatif

/yes


I Will Will not /

Wont

Will I ?

You Will Will not /

Wont

Will You ?

He/She/I

t

Will Will not /

Wont

Will He/She/It ?

We Will Will not /

Wont

Will We ?

They Will Will not /

Wont

Will They ?

b. emploi

will est lauxiliaire du futur. will exprime aussi la volont ; il signifie

alors vouloir

Ex : Mummy, Paul wont open the door the (Maman, Paul ne veut pas

ouvrir la porte)

5 .WOULD

a. Formes

Affirmatif

/yes


I Would Would not /

Wouldnt

Would I ?

You Would Would not / Would You ?

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WouldntHe/She/I

t

Would Would not /

Wouldnt

Would

He/She/It ?We Would Would not /

Wouldnt

Would We ?

They Would Would not /

Wouldnt

Would They ?

b. Emploi

Would est lauxiliaire de condition par excellence. Ex : if I were a

bilionnaire . I would go everywhere in the world (si jetais miliadaire

jirais partout dans le monde).Tout comme will, would exprime aussi la

volont. Ex :would you lend me your car please ? (voudriez-vous mepreter votre vhicule, sil vous plait ?)Would exprime aussi les

habitudes pases Ex : He would cry a lot in his childhood (il pleurait

beaucoup dans son)

SHOULDc. a. Formes

Affirmatif /yes Negatif /no Interrogative

I Should Should not /

Shouldnt

Should I ?

You Should Should not /

Shouldnt

Should You ?

He/She/I

t

Should Should not /

Shouldnt

Should

He/She/It ?We Should Should not /

Shouldnt

Should We ?

They Should Should not /

Shouldnt

Should They ?

d. Emploi

SHOULD exprime le devoir moral ou sert a donner un conseil.Ex : You should learn your lessons before coming to school(vous devez / devriez apprendre vos leons avant de venir au cours)

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e. Must

a. Formes

Affirmatif /yes Negatif /no Interrogative

I Must Must not / Mustnt MustIYou Must Must not / Mustnt Must you ?He/She/

It

Must Must not / Mustnt Must he/she/it

We Must Must not / Mustnt Must we ?They Must Must not / Mustnt Must they ?

b. EmploiMust exprime le devoir, une obligation forte, il signifie devoir il

faut que .( il faut que je rentre maintenant)

Remarque : Must et Can sont exclusivement employs au prsent

pour les conjugaisons au et au futur. quivalents Can =

To be able ou to be allowed to / Must = To have to ou to be

obliged.

III-TENSES

1-Simple present :Rule: subject + base form of the verb

Ex:

NB: at the third person of singular, the verb takes s

Ex

2- Present continuous (am/is/are):Rule: Subject + am/is/are + verb

+ ingEx:

3. Present perfect :Rule: Subject + have / has + part participle of

the verb

Ex:.

4- Past continuous :Rule: Subject + was / were + verb + ing

Ex:

5- Future :Rule: Subject + shall / will + verb

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Ex:

6- Past perfect :Rule: Subject + had + past participle of the verb

Ex:

7) Conditional :Rule: Subject + would + verb

Ex:

8) Present perfect continuous :Rule: Subject + have/has + been +

verb + ing

Ex:

9) Past perfect continuous :Rule: subject + had + been + verb +

ing

Ex:

EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1: Mettez lesph ras essu iv an te sau simplepr s en tou aup rsen t

con t inu on sselonle co nt ex te .

1 S h e ( g o) .. . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. to s c h o

e v e ry d a y a t2 . L i s ten , ne (p lay) . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .

n e w re c o rd .

3 . New they (do ) . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . th

wa s h i n g u p

4 . T h e y n e v e r ( s t a y ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hom e on

Sa tu rdays .

5 . Look , t he ch i l d ren (p l ay ) . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . o

the ca rpe t .

6 . S h e a lw a y s (h e lp ). .. .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . he r

p a re n t s a t h o m e

7 . A f fou (b rush ) . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. t he f l oo

t w ic e a w e e k

8 .Yao (car ry ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . some f lowers ih i s hands .

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9. i t ( ra in ) . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .l e t '

l e a v e n o w .

1 0 . T h is b o y a lw a y s ( o b e y ) . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . h i

pa ren t s .

1 1 . T h e c h i ld re n ( n o t l ik e ) . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

wo rk i n q

1 2 . T h e l ad y ( n o t c o o k ). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

eggp lan t s .

EXERCICE 2 : Mettre les phrases suivantes au prsent

perfect continuous

1. Cari (to play) very

well, .............................................................................

2. The women (to sell) fruits at the

market.......................................................

3. I (tell) you

everything.................................................................................

4. We (to watch) a movie in th sitting

room.....................................................

5. You (to bring) me a glass of

water..

EXERCICE 3 :Mettre les phrases suivantes au prtrit.

1. Cari (to play) very

well ............................................................................

2. The women (to corne) back frorn th

market.................................................

3. I tell you

everything

4. We (to wacth) a movie in the sitting

room

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EXERCICE4: Mettre les phrasesde lexercice trois aupast continuous.

II - COMM ENT DIT-ON DEPUIS ?: S INCE-FOR-AG O

Since, For et Ago manquent le temps, ils sont traduits par

depuis ,mais avec une lgre difference entre eux

I SINCE

Since indique lorigine, le debut, le commencement dune action (since

+ date)

Ex : Jules has worked in Abidjan for 17 years. (Jules travaille Abidjan

depuis 17 ans.)

II FOR

For indique la dure de l'action. (For + dure)

Ex : jules has worked in Abidjan for 17 years. (Jules travaille Abidjan

depuis 17 ans)

III- AGO

Ago indique une action termine un moment prcis dans le passe.il

indique le temps prcis de cette action. On le traduit volontiers par

l'expression il y a + date

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Since

SinceSince

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Ex : Jules started this work 17years ago. (Jules a commenc travailler

il y'a 17 ans de cela)

REMARQUES : Since et For semploient gnralement avec le prsent

Perfect Continuous.

Ex1 : I have waited for you since noon. / I-have been waiting for yousince noon. (je tattends depuis midi)

Ex 2 : i have waited for you for two hours. / i have been waiting for you

for two hours. (Cela fait deux heures que je tattends)

- Ago s'emploie toujours avec le Prtrit. Ex ; her two days ago.

- Since peut s'employer avec le prtrit dans les phrases telles que: Its

quite a long time sin I last saw my-parent

Une question portant sur since commence par "Since when"

Ex : They hve resumed the courses since last week.

Q : Since when hve they resured the courses ?- Une question portant

sur for commence par "How long"

ex : They have resumed the courses for one week

Q : How long hve they resumed the courses ?

- Une question portant sur ago commence par "How long ago"Ex :They have resumed the courses one week ago.

Q : How long ago have they resumed the courses ?

EXERCICE : F ill in the blanks with FOR, SINCE or AGO

LESSON 1 : WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

ACTIVITY 1: Read the text and circle the correct answer

The text is about:

a- Trade

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1. l've be en w aitingfor ataxi h a l f an h o u r 6..He decided lo be singer ..............he met

Alpha Blondy2. She hasbeen reading . t e n m i n u te s 7 They ha ve lived in this town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

three years

3.He has been working seven minutes 8 - W e m e tth eh e a d m a s t e r af e w d a y s

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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b- Wholesale trade and retail tradec- How the consumer get the goods

The wholesaler handles goods in the intermediate position between

the producer and the retailer. He buys these goods in very large

quantities, transports and warehouses them carefully. He then breaks

down bulk to reasonable size, markets his newly-packed goods bycreating a suitable distribution network. He very often sells under his

own brands name and thus relieves the manufacturer of the need to

advertise his products. As a middleman, he conveys the view of the

producer and the retailer to each other, this helps either to make

improvement in the quality of the products or to use them more

profitably. It is the wholesaler who advises the producer about which

goods are selling best, which ones appeal to the market. With his huge

warehouses he provides storage space for manufacturers who cannot

stock all the goods they produce.

The retailer buys in bulk from the wholesaler and cuts into

smaller quantities to meet every day needs of the consumers. He also

acts as a middleman; the small shopkeepers prices are certainly high,

but he has the advantage of being near the consumers house; this

saves time and money. Moreover, he can offer personal services:

credit, advice about particular lines that are cheaper; customers can

knock at his door at any time. Through the wholesaler the retailer can

let the manufacturer know the customers needs, complaints andsuggestions about a product. The retail- trade includes hawking,

paddling, street market, door-to-door selling, mobile shop, ordinary

shops, specialist shops, multiple stores (or chain stores), departmental

stores, supermarkets mail-order.

ACTIVITY 2:(voc.) read the text and match the word in column

A to their definitions or synonyms in B: write your answer likethis example in the space provided: 1-d

A/ B/

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1-Wholesaler (L 1)

2- Goods (L 1)

3- Warehouses (L2)

4- Manufacturer (L 5)

a- Person who cells goods in smallquantities

b- Sells

c- Persons who eat goods

d- Person who sells goods in large

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ANSWERS1/.. 2/ 3/.. 4/ 5/ 6/..7/8/. 9/. 10/

ACTIVITY 3 : (comprehension) Read the text again and answer

the following questions in the space provided

1- What does the wholesaler do?.2- What services does he render to the manufacturer?.

3- What services does he render to the producer?

.

4-Why do we call him middleman?..

5-What does the retailer do?.

6-What services does he render to customers?

7-Why do we call him middleman?

8-Where do people practice retail trade?

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5- Provides (L9)

8- in bulk (L 11)

10- Customers (L 15)

e- In large quantities

f- Clients

g- Supplies

h- Products

i- Keeps in warehouse

j- Person who makes or produces goods

6- Retailer (L 11)

9- Consumers (L12)

7-Markets (L3)

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ACTIVITY 4 : (Grammar countable and uncountable nouns)

classify the following nouns in the table: ruler, bread,shoes,

oil, pen, rice, bag, milk, water, person

COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1 1

2 2

3 3

4

4.

5 5

ACTIVITY 5: (Grammar) Insert one of the following words in the

sentences: much-many-a lot of-not many. Write your answer

like the example:

1- This man is poor: he hasnt money

2- That boy has big stamp collection. He has stamps.

3- In a post-office there must betelegram formsavailable

4- In this telephone exchange, there are ..telephoneoperators

ACTIVITY 6 : With your partner, find the collective nouns of the

following items in the space provided like this example:a-drink

a- beer wine soft drink water drink

b- Yellow red indigo purple ..

c- Jeans tee-Shirt shorts shirt

d- Dictionary novels copy book .

e- Bus car lorry bicycle ..

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f- Rice bread milk chicken ..

ACTIVITY 6: read the text again and complete the diagram

below with: wholesaler, goods, trade, retailer, customers,

shopkeeper, manufacturer, supermarket, warehousing,

consumers.

ACTIVITY 7 : Translate the following sentences into English

1- Grace aux grossistes, les fabricants trouverons de nouveauxdbouchs

2- Le dtaillant vend ses marchandises par petites quantits

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1

Initial found

2 Large amont of Fonds

3

Savings 4

Important decisions

6 a supply matriel equipment

Implementation

7

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3- Le client a toujours raison..4- Que voulez-vous ?

6- Vous trouvez chez votre commerant tout ce dont vous avez besoin7- L es petits dtaillants doivent faire face une vive concurrence.

ACTIVITY 8 : (writing) look at the diagram of activity6 and as

an expert in marketing, retrace in an argumentative paragraph

the path of goods from the producer to the consumerWhen following the diagram, it can be said that after

producing the goods, the producer

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LESSON 2: LARGE -SCALE RETAIL TRADE

ACTIVITY 1: Read the text and complete the following answer

in the provided space.

The text is

about..

In order to promote sales retailers place greater emphasis onprice competition. Within shopping centers in urban areas, one can findsupermarkets and superstores. They offer fresh, as well as packages

food, fresh meat, fish, vegetables, bread baked on the premises,household appliances, and all this part of their diversification policy.With the introduction of laser scanning electronic checkouts, theimpact has been a major one on retailing. The receipt, which thecustomer receives, shows the price and identity of each itempurchased and the stores stock records are altered automatically.In some countries one can still find one- man businesses, but theseshops tend to disappear year after year because of the mans financialrisks involved. Mass produced articles are mostly sold in chain stores.One of the most frequented places, both by the locals and tourists aredepartment stores, which are specialized in clothing, householdappliance, footwear, furniture etc. More and more people also by goodsand articles through mail order firms and are enticed to a full refundif they are not satisfied with the quality of the articles received.

ACTIVITY 2 : (Vocabulary) Read the text and match words in (A) with

their synonym in (B) in the provided space. Do like the example 5-i

1- Promote (L1) a- Led

2- Emphasis (L1) b- accent/stress3- Diversification (L4) c- to make Known4- Receipt (L6) d- Produced in large quantity5- Purchased (L7) e- To make difference in formor quality6- Mass produced (L10) f- to order by mail7- One-man businesses (L9) g- Business of one person8- Mail-order(L14) h- Written statement thatshows that one

has received money

9- Enticed (L15) i- Bought

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ANSWER1/.2/...3/...4/...5/..6/7/8/..9/..

ACTIVITY 3: (Comprehension) read the text again and say if the

following sentences are true or false and justify your answer

like this example: 8-F (L17-18)

1- Anything is done by the retailer to promote sale.2- We can find superstores in villages.3- The introduction of laser-scanning electronic had a positive effect onretailerDiversification policy.4- The receipt shows the price, the size and the identity of purchaseditems.5- The one man business belongs to many persons.

6- The one-man business tends to disappear nowadays because of theprofit.7- Goods or items are bought by people through the post order8- People cant bring back goods if they are not satisfied

ANSWER

ACTIVITY 4: (grammar the double comparative)

Write sentences using a double comparative for the adjectives

in brackets; do like the Example in the provided space.

1 (creative) Japanese are more and more creative2 (short) 3 (pretty)

4 (good) 5 (intelligent)6 (frequent)7(powerful)8 (expensive)9 (great) 10 (cheap)

Rules:

19

1 3.. 5.. 7.

2.. 4.. 6. 8.

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- For short adjectives : adjective + er + and + adjective + er

Example: big. bigger and bigger

- For long adjectives: more + and +more + adjective.

Example: more and more beautiful.

GRAMMAR: MODALS

Definition: A modal is always the first word in the verb phrase. It

always has the same form and never has an ending such as s, ing and

ed. After a modal we put the verb into the infinitive form.

The modals are: can, must, may, should, shall, will, would, could, have

to, might may, and ought to, etcthey can be used to express

obligation, permission probability advice possibility, certainty, ability,

and necessity etc.

1-Obligation and advice

We use should, must, have to and ought to for obligation and advice to

say what is right or best things to do.

Ex:

2-Permission

a-Asking permission

We use can, may and could to ask permission.

Ex 1:

b-Giving permission

We use can, could and may to give permission.

Ex:

c-Refusing permission

We can use cant, couldnt and May not to refuse a permission

Ex:

3- Possibility

a-May and might

We use may and might to say:

- that something is possibly true.

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Ex: That old picture may be sold next year.

Ex:

- In statement to mark a request

Ex: may God bless you

Ex:

b-Can and could

We use can and could to:

-Suggest possible future or actions

Ex: You can go on the train.

Ex:

-In request

Ex: can you wait for a moment please?

Ex:

ACTIVITY 5: translate into English the following sentences in

the space provided.

1-Le reu que les consommateurs reoivent, montre le prix et lidentit

de chaque article reu par le client.

2-je ne veux pas habiter dans une rue trs frquente.

3- David tient une picerie dans le quartier commerciale de la ville.

4-Les articles produits en grande quantits sont les plus souvent

vendus dans les supermarchs.

5-Bon nombres de personnes achtent aussi les marchandises et les

articles par commande.

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ACTIVITY 6: (Writing) if you have to set up a business, which sort

would you choose? Why?

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LESSON 3: INVESTING IN A LIMITED COMPANY.

ACTIVITY 1: Read the text and circle the right answer:

The text is about:

a- How to be a share holder in a limited company?

b-How to invest in a limited company?

c-Shares in a limited company

When a limited company has started trading, you dont invest in

shares by giving more capital to the company. You buy them from one

of the shareholders. If it is a private limited company a shareholder can

only sell shares if all the other shareholders agree. If it is a public

limited company, shares can be bought and sold freely, usually at a

stock Exchange. If the company is doing well and paying high

dividends. You might pay more than the face value of the shares. The

price you pay at the stock Exchange (or to a shareholder) for your

shares is their market value.

If the company fails, it stops trading and go into liquidation. This

means that all the companys property and equipment (its assets)

must be sold and the money from the sale will be used to pay its debts

to its creditors. The shareholders may lose the money paid for the

shares. If the company still doesnt have enough money to pay all its

debts, the shareholders dont have to pay any more money. In other

words the shareholders liability for debts is limited to the value of their

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shares. On the other hands, if you are an owner of a business which is

not limited for example a sole proprietorship (owned by one person) or

a partnership (owned by between 2 and 20 peoples) and your business

fails you will go bankrupt. In this case you might sell your own private

possessions (your house, car, furniture etc) to play all your creditors. Inother words, sole proprietors and partners have unlimited liability for

their firms debts.

Were in business P.P 81-82

ACTIVITY 2: (voc.) read the text and finds the words

Which mean: (The lines references will help you)

Write your answer like the example in the provided space.

1- Selling (line 1) is

2- Parts (L3) refers to

3- To use money to make more money (Line 1)

is

4- Persons who have shares (L3) are

..

5- What we owe to somebody (Line 10) is

6- Work or trade for earning money (Line 15) is

7- To fail (Line 16) is .

8- A company (Line 18) is

.

ACTIVITY 3: (comprehension) Read the text again and answers

the following questions.

1-Can you invest in a limited company when it has starting selling?

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2-What is the difference between a private limited company and apublic limited company?

3- When does the shareholder pay more than the face value?

4-what are the consequences of a business failure?

5-What is a sole proprietor ship?

6-What is a partnership?.

ACTIVITY 4 : (grammar) rewrite the following sentences taking into

account the given instruction in brackets.

1-I do my homework (obligation)

2- Women defend their right (obligation)

3-I want to go out (permission)

4- He reads in English (possibility)5- I help you (suggestion)6- Dont write on, the table (advice)

ACTIVITY 5 : Translate the following sentences into English

1-Certaines entreprises sont diriges par une seule personne

2-Le chiffre daffaire augmente.

3-Tous les associs sont responsables et solidaires

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4-Dans une socit anonyme il doit y avoir au moins sept associs.

5-Lactionnaire est un associ de la socit

6-Il peut y avoir un nombre illimit dactionnaires

ACTIVITY 6 : (writing) if you are owner of a business in a non

limited company what would you prefer; a partnership

company or a sole proprietorship one why? Write your opinion

in 15 lines

LESSON 4 : THE ORGANISATION CHART OF A FIRM.

ACTIVITY 1 : Read the text and answer the question below.

What is the general idea of this text?

ANSWER:

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A century after the first industrial revolution, the need to

rationalise the production was adopted. Since then manufacturers

have striven to produce goods and services at the lowest cost and sell

them at the highest possible price.

This is achieved through the division of the labour which implies thesplitting up of a firms activities into many departments.

Those departments have well-defined functions and limited

responsibilities. They are complementary as they communicate with

one another and are supervised from the top by the board of directors

and managing director. We may find a few variations in the names and

roles of the departments but the usual classification reads as follow:

The manufacturing department changes raw materials into finished

goods. It produces after orders are placed or in anticipation of demand.

The work manager has to plan and control the process of work, check

stocks and quality. The maintenance superintended, the quality

supervisors, the designers and methods engineers work under his

authority.

The purchasing department is headed by a buying manager whose

duties include the purchase, at reasonable prices, of suitable raw

materials, equipment and stationery. He must seek spare parts and

suppliers as well as do some invoicing.

The sales department is as important as the manufacturing onesince a firm must promote sales in order to survive. The sales

manager, with the help of agents and representatives, advertises the

firms products, record orders and dispatched goods,

carries out market research in order to know the level of demand and

the customers needs.

The accounting or finance department keeps books such as ledges

where payment or expenses are recorded, controls credit and wages.

The chief accountant draws up the balance sheet and the budget.In the research and development department, designers and

engineers invent new products or improve existing ones so as to

satisfy the customers and face competition.

The personnel department is responsible for selecting, engaging and

training new employees. It is in charge of their welfare, including

health, sports, facilities and even accommodation.

The company secretarys department deals with legal matters.

The company secretary , who is not an executive secretary, keeps the

register of shareholders and maintain contacts the general public

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ACTIVITY 2 : (Vocabulary) Read the text and match the words

in A with the meaning in B ; Write your answer like the

example in the provided space.

A/ B/

1-splitting up (L4) a-making bills for goods2-labour (L4) b-production manager3-Departments (L5) c- financial director4-Manufacturing department L10) d-director of thecompany5-work manager (L 11) e- division6-purchasing department (L14) f-workers7-Buying manager (L14) g-Makes known by thepublic8-Invoicing ( L16) h-service of marketing

and sitting9-sales department (L17) i-buying service10-Sales manager (L18) j-purchasing officer11-advertises (L19) k-man-power12-accounting department (L22) l-a committee ofcompany directors13-the chief account (L23) m-goods production14-employees (L28) n-sales director15-board of directors (L8) o-service ofaccountancy16-managing directors (L8) p-services

ANSWER:1/.2/3/....4/..5/....6/....7/..8/..9/..10/..11/..12/..13/14/.15/..16/.17/

ACTIVITY 3 : (comprehension) Read the text again and answers

thefollowing questions

1-What did companies do to produce goods at the lowest cost and sell

them at the highest price?

2-Who supervises the departments?

3-What does the manufacturing department do?

4-who is responsible for the manufacturing department?

5-What does the purchasing department do?

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6-who directs the purchasing department?

7-What does the sales department do?

8-Who directs the sales department?

9-what does the finance department do?

10-who is responsible for the finance department?

ANSWER

1

2

3

4.

5

6

78

9

10.

ACTIVITY 4 : (grammar) turn the sentences below into the

passive form.

1-The board of directors supervises the departments.

..

2-The manufacturing department changed raw materials..

3-We kept expenses in our book...

4-They organized firms in departments.

5-The customers is asking for a special kind of lipstick.

6-A grocer doesnt sell meat.

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7-Mr green will offer us a cup of tea.

8-She was giving us her weekly order.

..

ACTIVITY 5 : (Translation) translate the following sentences

into English.

1- Qui dirige cette socit ? .

2- Les assembles gnrales annuelles ont lieu deux fois par an...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3-Qui a inform le conseil dadministration ?

4-Voici la secrtaire du Directeur, elle nous attend car nous avonsrendez vous avec Mr Watt

5-le service marketing marche bien.

6-Dans notre entreprise, les ventes se font chaque premier lundi du

mois par le service commercial.

ACTIVITY 6: Read the text and complete the diagram with the

following words sales managers agents, Board of director,

purchase department General director, warehouse, Managingdirector Accounts.

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ORGANISATION OF FIRMS

LESSON 5: OFFICE EQUIPEMENT AND FURNITURE

Word power Equipment and Furniture

1- Vocabulary 1

31

1-

2-

3-

4- Administration 5-

7- Stock

6- General

Sale manager

Advertisi

9-Statistic

LedgerCashdepartme

dispatchInvoice

Buyer

8-

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A match the words with the picture below

B/ Cover the names and ask YOUR PARTNER TO REMEMBER

THEM. Changeroles.

E.g 1: Student A: whats picture 1? E.g. 2: Student A: Whats

picture 1?

Student B: Its a printer Student B: Its a

printer

Student A: Sorry, youre wrong Student A: Yes, youre right

2-Speaking

A/ Function and roles

32

Cell phone filing cabinet shorthand typewriter dictating machine photocopier land

phone (telephone) printer duplicating machine fax machine envelop Computer

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Match the pictures with the functions and roles

1- File documents 7- Store data, process

information, calculate

2- Make calls 8 Dictate information

3- Send letters 9- Type letters and documents

4- Send document 10- Take notes fast

5- Copy documents

B/ what is used for?

Read this example and complete the rule.

A type writer is for typing texts

A type writer is used to type textsA type writer used for typing texts

C/ Quiz

In pairs, ask answer questions like this:

3- VOCABULARY 2: Word pairs

A/ Match the verbs from box A with the words from box B to make

word pairs.

33

Complete this rule

Is for +

.

Is used to +

-Whatisatypewriterusedfor?-Whatdoyouusea

typewriterfor?

Itusedfortypingtexts.Isisfor

Itisto

BOX A

1-Send / receive

2-Surf

3-Make

4-Print

5-File

6-Duplicate

7-Write

BOX B

a-The internet

b-Phone calls

c-A letter / fax / an email

d-Date / information

e-Papers

f-Documentg-Shorthand

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B/ Which of these activities do you usually do? Write sentences

and read them to the class

Example: I usually make phone calls

1

23

4

5

6

7

Documents

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