58

8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

$OHNVDQGUD�'XPL`�L�0LOR^�%DOMR]RYL`

8WLFDM�XOWUD]YXND�QD�HOHNWURKHPLMVNRL]GYDMDQMH�YRGRQLND�QD�UD]OLaLWLPHOHNWURGDPD

8�RYRP�UDGX�LVSLWLYDQ�MH�XWLFDM�XOWUD]YXND�QD�HOHNWURKHPLMVNR�L]GYDMDQMH�YRGRQLNDL]�KORULGQR�NLVHOLK�UDVWYRUD�QD�VOHGH`LP�PDWHULMDOLPD��$O��3W��)H��&X��:�L�JUDILWX�.RQFHQWUDFLMH�KORURYRGRQLaQH�NLVHOLQH�VX�ELOH��������������L������PRO/¬���6QLP�OMHQH�VX�,�(�NULYH�]D�VYH�NRUL^`HQH�HOHNWURGQH�PDWHULMDOH�L�QDYHGHQH�NRQFHQWUDFLMHNLVHOLQH�X�WLKLP�XVORYLPD��NDR�L�SUL�GHMVWYX�XOWUD]YXND��5H]XOWDWL�VX�SRND]DOL�GD�XOWUD]�YXN�LPD�YL^HVWUXNR�GHMVWYR�QD�HOHNWURGQH�SURFHVH��NRML�]DYLVL�RG�XVORYD�X�VLVWHPX�3ULPH`HQH�VX�L�DQDOL]LUDQH�SRMDYH�SRPHUDQMD�VNRND�NULYH�]DYLVQRVWL�JXVWLQH�VWUXMH�RGQDGQDSRQD��SRMDYD�NDUDNWHULVWLaQRJ�SODWRD�QD�,�(�NULYDPD�L�SRYH`DQMH�VWUXMH�HOHNWUR�OL]H�QD�QHNLP�HOHNWURGDPD��NDR�L�SRPHUDQMH�UDYQRWHCRJ�SRWHQFLMDOD�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH�XRGQRVX�QD�LVWH�X�WLKLP�XVORYLPD��2YH�SRMDYH�VX�MR^�XYHN�QHGRYROMQR�LVWUDCHQH�L�GDMXPRJX`QRVW�]D�GDOMH�LVSLWLYDQMH�

8YRG�(OHNWURKHPLMVNR�GRELMDQMH�YRGRQLND�HOHNWUROL]RP�YRGHQLK�UDVWYRUD�MH

MHGDQ�RG�QDMYDCQLMLK�LQGXVWULMVNLK�HOHNWURKHPLMVNLK�SURFHVD�L�]DWR�MH�GREURSURXaHQR�L�WHRULMVNL�REMD^QMHQR��9RGRQLN�VH�NRULVWL�X�PHWDOXUJLML�]D�SURL]�YRGQMX�UXGD�L�]D�OHPOMHQMH��X�QDIWQRM�LQGXVWULML��X�SURL]YRGQML�IRVLOQLKJRULYD��NDR�UDNHWQR�JRULYR��]D�SRNUHWDQMH�JHQHUDWRUD��X�SUHKUDPEHQRM�LQ�GXVWULML��X�KHPLMVNRM�LQGXVWULML�LWG��=ERJ�YHOLNH�SULPHQH�YRGRQLND��VYDNDX^WHGD�QD�QMHJRYRP�GRELMDQMX�MH�RG�YHOLNRJ�]QDaDMD�

3R]QDWR�MH�GD�VH�NDR�VSRUL�VWXSDQM�X�UHDNFLML�L]GYDMDQMD�YRGRQLNDPRJX�MDYLWL�WUL�HOHPHQWDUQH�UHDNFLMH�NRMH�VH�RSLVXMX�UD]OLaLWLP�YUHGQRVWLPDNLQHWLaNLK�SDUDPHWDUD�

���+����H�¦�+DGV��UHDNFLMD�)ROPHUD�����+DGV�¦��+��UHDNFLMD�7DIHOD����+DGV���+��¦�+���UHDNFLMD�+HMURYVNRJ�.RMD�RG�RYH�WUL�UHDNFLMH�VH�MDYOMD�NDR�VSRUL�VWXSDQM�]DYLVL�RG�XVORYD

X�VLVWHPX�L��X�YHOLNRM�PHUL��RG�YUVWH�HOHNWURGQRJ�PDWHULMDOD��GRN�EU]LQDUHDNFLMH�]DYLVL��L]PH_X�RVWDORJ��RG�VWDQMD�SRYU^LQH�HOHNWURGH��0HQWXV������

$OHNVDQGUD�'XPL`��������.UXSDQM�/XNH�6WHYL`D�E�E�XaHQLFD����UD]UHGD6UHGQMH�^NROH�X.UXSQMX0LOR^�%DOMR]RYL`��������/HVNRYDF�6WUDKLQML`D�%DQD�����XaHQLN����UD]UHGD*LPQD]LMH�X�/HVNRYFX0(1725��,JRU�3D^WL��VWXGHQW�,,,JRGLQH�)DNXOWHWD�]DIL]LaNX�KHPLMX�X%HRJUDGX

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 2: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

8OWUD]YXN�NRML�VH�NRULVWL�X�KHPLML�LPD�IUHNYHQFLMX�RG����GR�����N+]�=ERJ�YHOLNH�WDODVQH�GXCLQH�RQ�QH�GHOXMH�GLUHNWQR�QD�PROHNXOH�YH`�L]D]LYDNDYLWDFLMH���PDOH�L�L]UD]LWR�QHVWDELOQH�^XSOMLQH�X�WHaQRVWL��8VORY�]D�IRUPL�UDQMH�NDYLWDFLMH�MH�SULVXVWYR�SULPHVD�X�WHaQRVWL��.DYLWDFLMH�NRMH�VH�IRUPL�UDMX�SRG�GHMVWYRP�XOWUD]YXND�UDVWX�GR�NULWLaQH�YHOLaLQH�NRMD�]DYLVL�RGIUHNYHQFLMH�SULPHQMHQRJ�XOWUD]YXND��]D����N+]�NULWLaQL�UDGLMXV�MH�����µP��D�]DWLP�QDJOR�LPSORGLUDMX�GRYRGH`L��ORNDOQR��GR�HNVWUHPQLK�YUHGQRVWL�SUL�WLVND��QHNROLNR�VWRWLQD�DWPRVIHUD��L�WHPSHUDWXUH��RNR�����~&�]D�JDV�XNDYLWDFLML�L�����~&�]D�WHaQRVW�RNR�NDYLWDFLMH���3RG�RYLP�XVORYLPD�GROD]LGR�EURMQLK�UHDNFLMD��SD�REODVW�RNR�LPSORGLUDQH�NDYLWDFLMH�SUHGVWDYOMD�PDOR�DOL�KHPLMVNL�YUOR�X]EXUNDQR�SRGUXaMH��2G�IRUPLUDQMD�NDYLWDFLMH�SD�GR�QMHQHLPSOR]LMH�SUROD]L�RNR�����PV��SD�VX�EU]LQH�]DJUHYDQMD�L�KOD_HQMD�RNR�PL�OLRQ�VWHSHQL�X�VHNXQGL��8�VOXaDMX�GD�MH�NDYLWDFLMD�IRUPLUDQD�QD�SRYU^LQLaYUVWH�ID]H�XURQMHQH�X�WHaQRVW��LPSOR]LMD�NDYLWDFLMH�QLMH�VLPHWULaQD��0HWR�GRP�IOH^�IRWRPLNURJUDILMH�YLVRNH�EU]LQH�QD_HQR�MH�GD�X�RYRP�VOXaDMX�GR�OD]L�GR�IRUPLUDQMD�POD]D�WHaQRVWL��HQJ��KDPPHU�MHW��XVPHUHQRJ�ND�SRYU^LQLaYUVWH�ID]H�NRML�VH�NUH`H�EU]LQRP�RG�RNR�����NPK¬���D�NDR�NUDMQML�UH]XOWDWSRQRYR�LPDPR�ORNDOQR�]DJUHYDQMH�L�YLVRNH�YUHGQRVWL�SULWLVND��1D�RSLVDQQDaLQ�XOWUD]YXN�XNODQMD�SDVLYL]LUDQH�VORMHYH�QD�LQHUWQLP�PDWHULMDOLPD�L�WDNRRPRJX`DYD�YH`X�SRYU^LQX�QD�NRMRM�VH�GH^DYD�UHDNFLMD��6XVOLFN�������7DNR_H��SR]QDWR�MH�GD�SULPHQD�XOWUD]YXND�X�HOHNWURKHPLMVNLP�VLVWHPLPD]QDaDMQR�XWLaH�QD�SURFHVH�NRML�VH�RGLJUDYDMX�XQXWDU�VLVWHPD��SRYH`DYD�SRN�UHWOMLYRVW�SULVXWQLK�YUVWD�L�XEU]DYD�WUDQVSRUW�PDVH��+ROW�HW�DO���������PHQMDNRQFHQWUDFLRQH�JUDGLMHQWH��NRQWLQXDOQR�DNWLYLUD�SRYU^LQX��aLVWL�SRYU^LQXHOHNWURGH�L�XWLaH�QD�GHVRUSFLMX�QDVWDOLK�UHDNFLRQLK�SURL]YRGD��VRQRKHPLMVNLJHQHUL^H�UHDNFLRQH�YUVWH�NRMH�GDOMH�UHDJXMX�HOHNWURKHPLMVNL��,RUGDFKH�HW�DO��������D�XWYU_HQR�MH�GD�XWLaH�L�QD�EU]LQX�VDPRJ�HOHPHQWDUQRJ�SURFHVDSUHQRVD�QDHOHNWULVDQMD�NUR]�SRYU^LQX�HOHNWURGH�X�RGUH_HQLP�WLSRYLPDVLVWHPD��.RED\DVKL�HW�DO��������.RED\DVKL�HW�DO��������

&LOM�RYRJ�LVWUDCLYDQMD�ELR�MH�GD�VH�LVSLWD�XWLFDM�XOWUD]YXND�QD�HOHNWUR�KHPLMVNR�L]GYDMDQMH�YRGRQLND�QD�VOHGH`LP�PDWHULMDOLPD��$O��3E��)H��&X��:L�JUDILWX�

0DWHULMDO�L�PHWRGH+HPLNDOLMH��8�UDGX�VX�NRUL^`HQH�KHPLNDOLMH�S�D��aLVWR`H��5DVWYRUL�KOR�

URYRGRQLaQH�NLVHOLQH��)OXND��NRQFHQWUDFLMD�������������¬�� PRO/¬��������������¬��PRO/¬��L�������������¬��PRO/¬��QDSUDYOMHQL�VX�X�]DVL`HQRPNDOLMXP�KORULGX��)OXND��

$SDUDWXUD�L�SULERU��¬ L]YRU�MHGQRVPHUQRJ�QDSRQD¬ YROWPHWUL¬ PLOLDPSHUPHWDU

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 3: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

¬ XOWUD]YXaQR�NXSDWLOR����.+]��4XDQWUH[����+�/5�8/75$621�,&6��86$

¬ aD^H¬ RGPHUQL�VXGRYL¬ VRQL�PRVW¬ NDORPHORYD�L�SODWLQVND�HOHNWURGD¬ $O��)H��3E��&X��:��JUDILW��]D�SUDYOMHQMH�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH�7RN�HNVSHULPHQWD��$SDUDWXUD�MH�SRYH]DQD�SUHPD�^HPL�SULND]DQRM�QD

VOLFL����.DR�UHIHUHQWQD�HOHNWURGD�NRUL^`HQD�MH�]DVL`HQD�NDORPHORYD�HOHN�WURGD��D�NDR�SRPR`QD�HOHNWURGD�NRUL^`HQD�MH�SODWLQVND�CLFD��8�WRNX�HOHN�WUROL]H�EHOHCHQH�VX�YUHGQRVWL�QDSRQD�L]PH_X�UDGQH�L�UHIHUHQWQH��RGQRVQRUDGQH�L�SRPR`QH�HOHNWURGH��NDR�L�MDaLQD�VWUXMH�HOHNWUROL]H��NRMD�MHSUHYR_HQD�X�JXVWLQX�VWUXMH�HOHNWUROL]H�]ERJ�UD]OLaLWLK�SRYU^LQD�HOHNWURGD�(OHNWUROL]H�VX�SRQDYOMDQH�]D�VYDNX�RG�WUL�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�+&O�SR�GYD�SXWD�EH]�L�VD�GHMVWYRP�XOWUD]YXND���,]PH_X�HOHNWUROL]D��UDGQD�HOHNWURGD�MHaL^`HQD��GRN�MH�JHRPHWULMD�HNVSHULPHQWD�RGUCDYDQD�VWDOQRP��1D�RVQRYX�GR�ELMHQLK�SRGDWDND�FUWDQH�VX��D�]DWLP�L�XSRUH_LYDQH�,�(�NULYH��NULYH�]DYLV�QRVWL�MDaLQH�VWUXMH�RG�QDSRQD��

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD3RG�XWLFDMHP�XOWUD]YXND�QD�,�(�NULYDPD�VX�XRaHQH�VOHGH`H�SURPHQH

X�RGQRVX�QD�LVWH�VQLPOMHQH�X�WLKLP�XVORYLPD�¬ SRPHUDQMH�VNRND�NULYH�]DYLVQRVWL�JXVWLQH�VWUXMH�RG�QDGQDSRQD¬ SRMDYD�NDUDNWHULVWLaQRJ�SODWRD�QD�,�(�NULYDPD�L�YH`H�VWUXMH�HOHN�

WUROL]H�QD�QHNLP�HOHNWURGDPD3RPHUDQMH�UDYQRWHCQRJ�SRWHQFLMDOD�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH

3RPHUDQMH�VNRND�NULYH�]DYLVQRVWL�JXVWLQH�VWUXMH�RG�QDGQDSRQD��1DVOLFL���SULND]DQL�VX�JUDILFL�]DYLVQRVWL�JXVWLQH�VWUXMH�RG�QDGQDSRQD�]D�VYH

6OLND����$SDUDWXUD�NRUL^`HQD�XHNVSHULPHQWX)LJXUH���([SHULPHQWDO�VHWXS

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 4: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

LVSLWLYDQH�HOHNWURGH��0RCH�VH�SULPHWLWL�GD�VH�VNRN�SRPHUD�XGHVQR�NRG�3E�&X�L�JUDILWD�QD�VYLP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD��$O�L�:�QD�VYLP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPDRVLP�QD�QDMYH`RM�JGH�VH�SRPHUD�XOHYR�L�)H�QD�QDMPDQMRM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�JGHVH��WDNR_H��SRPHUD�XOHYR��6NRN�NULYH�VH�QHMHGQDNR�SRPHUD�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RGHOHNWURGH�L�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�NLVHOLQH��3RPHUDM�MH�QDML]UD]LWLML�NRG�EDNUD��DRSDGD�X�VOHGH`HP�QL]X��&X��)H��3E��$O��:��JUDILW�

5D]OLaLW�QDJLE�NULYH�NRG�YROIUDPD�X�RGQRVX�QD�RVWDOH�HOHNWURGQH�PD�WHULMDOH�REMD^QMDYD�VH�VSHFLILaQRP�DGVRUSFLMRP�YRGRQLND�QD�YROIUDPX�

,DNR�VX�SURPHQH�X�SULVXVWYX�XOWUD]YXND�RaLJOHGQH��RS^WL�]DNOMXaDN�VHQD�RVQRYX�GRELMHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�QH�PRCH�GRQHWL��.DNR�MH�L]GYDMDQMHNLVHRQLND�YHRPD�VSRUD�UHDNFLMD��SUHWSRVWDYND�MH�GD�VX�SRPHUDQMD�VNRNDVWUXMH�ND��X�QDMYH`HP�EURMX�VOXaDMHYD��YH`LP�QDGQDSRQLPD�LQGLUHNWQDSRVOHGLFD�SURPHQD�L]D]YDQLK�QD�DQRGL�SRG�GHMVWYRP�XOWUD]YXND��=D�SUR�YHUX�RYH�KLSRWH]H�SUHGODCHPR�VQLPDQMH�,�(�NULYLK�QD�WDNDY�QDaLQ�GDSRPR`QD� HOHNWURGD�EXGH�YDQ�XOWUD]YXaQRJ�NXSDWLOD��1D�RYDM�QDaLQSURPHQH�QD�,�(�NULYDPD�ELOH�EL�L]D]YDQH�MHGLQR�GHMVWYRP�XOWUD]YXND�QDUDGQX�HOHNWURGX��NDWRGQX��L�SURFHVH�QD�QMRM�

3RMDYD�NDUDNWHULVWLaQRJ�SODWRD�QD�,�(�NULYDPD�L�YH`H�VWUXMH�HOHN�WUROL]H�QD�QHNLP�HOHNWURGDPD��3ODWR�VH�MDYOMD�QDML]UD]LWLMH�NRG�YROIUDPD�]DWLP�NRG�RORYD�L�JUDILWD�QD�VYLP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD�NLVHOLQH�GRN�MH�NRGJYRC_D�XRaHQ�SUL�QDMYH`RM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�NLVHOLQH��VOLND�����3RMDYD�SODWRD�]D�NRML�MH�XWYU_HQR�GD�UDVWH�V�SRYH`DQMHP�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�NLVHOLQH��NDUDNWHUL�VWLaQD�MH�]D�VRQR�HOHNWURKHPLMVNH�HNVSHULPHQWH��DOL�]YDQLaQR�QLMH�REMD�^QMHQD��0DUNHQ�HW�DO��������1D^D�SUHWSRVWDYND�MH�GD�VH�SODWR�PRCH�MDYLWLL]�YL^H�UD]ORJD�

���=ERJ�GHMVWYD�XOWUD]YXND�QD�GYRMQL�HOHNWULaQL�VORM��'(6���3UHW�SRVWDYND�MH�GD�XOWUD]YXN�VPDQMXMH�GHEOMLQX�'(6�X�SHULRGX�GRN�QDSRQ�QDHOHNWURGDPD�QLMH�GRYROMQR�YHOLNL�GD�aYUVWR�GUCL�MRQH�X]�HOHNWURGX��.DGQDSRQ�GRYROMQR�SRUDVWH��NULYD�SRaLQMH�GD�UDVWH�LVWLP�QDJLERP�NDR�NULYD�]D�EHOHCHQD�EH]�XOWUD]YXND��2YDNYD�SUHWSRVWDYND�EL�RSUDYGDOD�MDYOMDQMH�SODWRDVDPR�QD�QHNLP�HOHNWURGDPD��SR^WR�MH�QD�RGUH_HQLP�PDWHULMDOLPD�PRJX`DVSHFLILaQD��NRQWDNWQD��DGVRUSFLMD��%RFNULV�HW�DO���������8�WRP�VOXaDMX�XO�WUD]YXN�QH�EL�PRJDR�]QDaDMQR�GD�VPDQML�GHEOMLQX�GYRMQRJ�HOHNWULaQRJVORMD��SD�EL�SRMDYD�SODWRD�L]RVWDOD��'D�XOWUD]YXN�XWLaH�QD�'(6�L�QMHJRY�ND�SDFLWHW��SRND]DQR�MH�X�X�UDGRYLPD�.RED\DVKL�CMD�L�VDUDGQLND�PHWRGRPIDUDGHMVNH�LPSHGDQVH��LDNR�QLMH�XWYU_HQ�PHKDQL]DP�RYRJ�GHMVWYD�

���=ERJ�GHMVWYD�XOWUD]YXND�QD�KLGUDWDFLRQL�RPRWDa�MRQD��8OWUD]YXN�YHURYDWQR��XWLaH�WDNR�^WR�UD]DUD�KLGUDWDFLRQL�RPRWDa�MRQD�^WR�MRQXRPRJX`DYD�GD�ODN^H��EUCH�L�EOLCH�SUL_H�HOHNWURGQRM�SRYU^LQL��.RED\DVKL�HWDO��������.RED\DVKL�HW�DO���������3RYH`DQMH�QDSRQD�L�X�RYRP�VOXaDMX�LV�WRYHWQR�XWLaH�QD�NULYX�MHU��SUL�GRYROMQR�YLVRNLP�QDSRQLPD��HQWDOSLMDKLGUDWDFLMH�+��MRQD�SUHVWDMH�GD�EXGH�RJUDQLaDYDMX`L�IDNWRU�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 5: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

6OLND����=DYLVQRVWL�JXVWLQHVWUXMH�RG�QDGQDSRQDUDGQH�HOHNWURGH��)LJXUH����3RZHU�GHQVLW\GHSHQGHQW�RQ�WKHZRUNLQJ�HOHFWURGHRYHUSRWHQWLDO��

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 6: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 7: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

6OLND����*UDILFL�]DYLVQRVWL�JXVWLQH�VWUXMH�RG�QDSRQDL]PH_X�UDGQH�L�SRPR`QH�HOHNWURGH��6�OHYD�QDGHVQR��:�¬������0�������0������03E�¬������0�������0������0JUDILW�¬������0�������0������0)H�¬�����0

)LJXUH����&XUYHV�VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGDQFH�RI�SRZHU�GHQVLW\RQ�SRWHQWLDO�EHWZHHQ�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDUHOHFWURGH��/HIW�WR�ULJKW��:�¬������0�������0������03E�¬������0�������0������0JUDSKLWH�¬������0�������0������0)H�¬�����0

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 8: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

���=ERJ�XNODQMDQMD�SDVLYL]LUDMX`HJ�VORMD�VD�SRYU^LQH�HOHNWURGH��8VYHWOX�RYH�SUHWSRVWDYNH��D�QD�RVQRYX�GRELMHQLK�,�(�NULYLK�PRCH�VH�]DN�OMXaLWL�GD�MH�XOWUD]YXN�]QDaDMDQ�SUL�PDOLP�QDSRQLPD��GRN�SUL�YHOLNLP�GROD]LGR�SURERMD�SDVLYL]LUDMX`HJ�VORMD��VOLaQR�SURELMDQMX�NRQGHQ]DWRUD��3ULPHUSDVLYL]DFLMH�YROIUDPRYH�HOHNWURGH�GDW�MH�UHDNFLMRP�

2W + 3O2 → 2WO3

2YD�SUHWSRVWDYND��V�GUXJH�VWUDQH��QH�REMD^QMDYD�SRMDYX�SODWRD�QDJUDILWQRM�HOHNWURGL��VOLND����NRMD�VH�QH�SDVLYL]LUD��GRN�VH�SRVWDYOMD�SLWDQMHL]RVWDQND�SODWRD�QD�$O�HOHNWURGL�NRMD�VH�SDVLYL]LUD��8NROLNR�VH�RYD�SUHW�SRVWDYND�LVSRVWDYL�NDR�WDaQD��SODWR�QD�JUDILWQRM�HOHNWURGL�EL�VH�PRJDR�RE�MDVQLWL�SULVXVWYRP�RGUH_HQLK�SULPHVD�X�PDWHULMDOX�HOHNWURGH��2GVXVWYRSODWRD�QD�$O�HOHNWURGL�EL�VH�PRJOR�REMDVQLWL�XNROLNR�VH�SUHWSRVWDYL�GD�MHRNVLGQL�VORM�QD�SRYU^LQL�DOXPLQLMXPD�L]UD]LWR�NRPSDNWDQ�]ERJ�aHJD�JD�XO�WUD]YXN�QH�EL�PRJDR�UD]RULWL�

,SDN��NDR�QDMYHURYDWQLML�UD]ORJ�SRMDYH�SODWRD�QD�,�(�NULYDPD�aLQL�VHVORCHQR�PH_XGHMVWYR�VYD�WUL�SUHGORCHQD�X]URND�

3RQD^DQMH�JYR]GHQH�HOHNWURGH�MH�SRVHEQR�]DQLPOMLYR��V�RE]LURP�QD�WRGD�VH�SODWR�MDYOMD�VDPR�SUL�QDMYH`RM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�+&O�NRUL^`HQH�X�HNVSHUL�PHQWX�

�6�RE]LURP�QD�WR�GD�JYRC_H�UHDJXMH�VD�QHRNVLGXMX`LP�NLVHOLQDPD��XRYRP�VOXaDMX�VD�+&O��RNVLGXMX`L�VH�GR�)H���

Fe(s) + 2H+ → Fe

2+(aq) + H2(g)

GROD]L�GR�QMHJRYRJ�SDVLYL]LUDQMD�]ERJ�QDVWDQND�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�JYRC_H�,,��KORULGD��)LOLSRYL`��/LSDQRYL`��������3UL�QDMYH`RM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�NLVHOLQH�NDGD�QDVWDMH�QDMYH`D�NROLaLQD�SDVLYL]LUDMX`HJ�PDWHULMDOD��MDYOMD�VH�SODWR�QDNULYRM�]DEHOHCHQRM�X�HNVSHULPHQWX�VD�XOWUD]YXNRP��2YD�NULYD�VH�SUL�YH`LPQDSRQLPD�SULEOLCDYD�NULYRM�NRMD�MH�]DEHOHCHQD�EH]�GHMVWYD�XOWUD]YXND�MHUWDGD��SR�SUHWSRVWDYFL��GROD]L�GR�SURERMD�SDVLYL]LUDMX`HJ�VORMD�

1D_HQR�MH�GD�VH�X�RGUH_HQLP�VOXaDMHYLPD��NRG�YROIUDPD�L�RORYD�QDVYLP�L�JYRC_D�L�XJOMHQLND�SUL�YH`LP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD�NLVHOLQH��]D�LVWH�YUHG�QRVWL�QDSRQD�L]PH_X�UDGQH�L�SRPR`QH�HOHNWURGH��GRELMDMX�YH`H�VWUXMH�HOHN�WUROL]H��VOLND����X�RGQRVX�QD�LVWH�X�WLKLP�XVORYLPD��2YD�aLQMHQLFD�XND]XMHQD�PRJX`QRVWL�X^WHGH�HQHUJLMH�SUL�LQGXVWULMVNRP�GRELMDQMX�YRGRQLND��DOL�MHX�YH]L�VD�RYLP�DVSHNWRP�SULPHQH�XOWUD]YXND�SRWUHEQR�VSURYHVWL�GHWDOMQLMDLVWUDCLYDQMD�3RPHUDQMH�UDYQRWHCQRJ�SRWHQFLMDOD�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH

1D�GRELMHQLP�NULYDPD�XRaHQR�MH�SRPHUDQMH�UDYQRWHCQRJ�SRWHQFLMDODUDGQH�HOHNWURGH�X�RGQRVX�QD�LVWL�X�WLKLP�XVORYLPD��NRMH�MH�L]UDaXQDWR�SRIRUPXOL��∆�(U� ��(U�XOWUD]�¬��(U�WLKR��JGH�MH�∆�(U�SURPHQD�UDYQRWHCQRJ�SRWHQ�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 9: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

FLMDOD���(U�XOWUD]�UDYQRWHCQL�SRWHQFLMDO�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH�SRG�GHMVWYRP�XOWUD]�YXND�L��(U�WLKR�UDYQRWHCQL�SRWHQFLMDO�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH�EH]�GHMVWYD�XOWUD]YXND�5H]XOWDWL�VX�GDWL�X�WDEHOL���

7DEHOD����3URPHQH�UDYQRWHCQRJ�SRWHQFLMDOD��∆�(U��UDGQH�HOHNWURGH�XRGQRVX�QD�UDYQRWHCQL�SRWHQFLMDO�X�WLKLP�XVORYLPD�[P9]

NRQFHQWUDFLMD+&O�[PRO�/]UDGQH�HOHNWURGH$O 3E &X )H : JUDILW

����� ¬��� ¬�� ¬��� ¬� ¬��� ¬�������� ¬��� ¬��� ¬��� ¬��� ¬��� ¬������ ¬�� ¬��� ¬��� ¬��� ¬�� ¬��*UH^ND�PHUHQMD�L]QRVLOD�MH������P9

3RMDYX�SURPHQH�UDYQRWHCQRJ�SRWHQFLMDOD��∆�(U� �¬���P9��XRaLR�MH�L.RED\DVKL�VD�VDUDGQLFLPD��������QD�EDNDUQRM�HOHNWURGL�SUL�aHPX�MH�HOHN�WUROLW�ELR�����PRO/¬��&X62��������PRO/¬��+�62���6OLaQR�SRQD^DQMH�LVSL�WLYDQLK�HOHNWURGD�XND]XMH�GD�EL�RYR�PRJOD�ELWL�RS^WD�VRQR�HOHNWURKHPLMVNDSRMDYD��.DNR�MH�UDYQRWHCQL�SRWHQFLMDO�HOHNWURGH�PRJX`H�GRYHVWL�X�YH]X�VDNRQVWDQWDPD�EU]LQH�NDWRGQRJ�L�DQRGQRJ�SURFHVD��>X^L`��������GD�VH�SUHW�SRVWDYLWL�GD�EL�XOWUD]YXN�PRJDR�GD�PHQMD�UDYQRWHCQL�SRWHQFLMDO�DNR�XWLaHQD�EU]LQX�HOHPHQWDUQRJ�DNWD�SUHQRVD�QDHOHNWULVDQMD�L�LOL�GUXJH�SURFHVH�NRMLPX�SUHWKRGH�LOL�JD�VOHGH�

=DNOMXaDN2YR�LVWUDCLYDQMH�SUHOLPLQDUQRJ�NDUDNWHUD�MH�SRND]DOR�GD�XSRWUHED�XO�

WUD]YXND�SUL�HOHNWURKHPLMVNRP�L]GYDMDQMX�YRGRQLND�LPD�UD]OLaLWH�SRVOHGLFH�L]D]LYD�SURPHQH�X�SRODUL]DFLML�HOHNWURGH�X�RGQRVX�QD�WLKH�XVORYH��PHQMDWRN�,�(�NULYLK�GRYRGH`L�GR�SRMDYH�SODWRD�SUL�RGUH_HQLP�XVORYLPD��YRGL�NDYH`LP�VWUXMDPD�HOHNWUROL]H�L�PHQMD�UDYQRWHCQH�SRWHQFLMDOH�UDGQH�HOHNWURGH�6YH�XRaHQH�SURPHQH�]DYLVH�RG�WLSD�HOHNWURGH�L�VDVWDYD�LVSLWLYDQRJ�VLVWHPD�DOL�VWURJH�SUDYLOQRVWL�QLVX�XRaHQH��0RCH�VH�]DNOMXaLWL�GD�VX�UD]OLNH�PH_XUH]XOWDWLPD�GRELMHQLP�SUL�PHUHQMX�VD�UD]OLaLWLP�HOHNWURGDPD�QDVWDOH�NDRSRVOHGLFD�UD]OLNH�X�QMLKRYRM�UHDNWLYQRVWL�DOL�MH�]ERJ�VORCHQRVWL�RYLK�VLVWHPDL�MR^�XYHN�QHGRYROMQR�UD]YLMHQH�RS^WH�WHRULMH�GHORYDQMD�XOWUD]YXND�X�KHPLM�VNLP�VLVWHPLPD�GXEOMD�DQDOL]D�L]X]HWQR�WH^ND�

=DKYDOQRVW��=DKYDOMXMHPR�VH�GU�'UDJDQX�0DQRMORYL`X�VD�+HPLMVNRJIDNXOWHWD�X�%HRJUDGX�QD�NRULVQLP�VDYHWLPD�L�VXJHVWLMDPD�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 10: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

/LWHUDWXUD%RFNULV�-��2±0���%RQFLRFDW�1���*XWPDQQ�)��������$Q�,QWURGXFWLRQ�WR(OHFWURFKHPLFDO�6FLHQFH��/RQGRQ��:\NHKDP�3XEOLFDWLRQV�/7'%RFNULV�-��2±0���.KDQ�6��8��������6XUIDFH�(OHFWURFKHPLVWU\��1HZ�<RUN�3OHQXP�3UHVV%DOO�-�&���&RPSWRQ�5��*��������(OHFWURFKHPLVWU\����������)LOLSRYL`�,���/LSDQRYL`�6��������2S`D�L�DQRUJDQVND�KHPLMD��=DJUHE��>NRO�VND�NQMLJD+ROW�.��%���&DPSR�-��'���)RRUG�-��6���&RPSWRQ�5��*��������-��(OH�FURDQDO��&KHP�����������,RUGDFKH�,���1HFKLWD�0��7���5RVFD�,���$HOHQHL�1��������7XUNLVK��-��(QJ�(QY��6FL����������.RED\DVKL�.���&KLED�$���0LQDPL�1��������8OWUDVRQLFV����������.RED\DVKL�.���&KLED�$���7VX]XNL�.���DQG�2NDGD�+��������7KH�HIIHFWV�RIXOWUDVRXQG�RQ�FDWKRGLF�DQG�DQRGLF�HOHFWURGH�UHDFWLRQV�LQ�DFLG�FRSSHUV\VWHPV��:&8������3URFHHGLQJV��3DULV��VHSWHPEHU�������������'RV�WXSQR�QD��ZZZ�VID�DVVR�IU�ZFX�����SURFV�ZHEVLWH�DUWLFOHV��������SGI.RED\DVKL�.���&KLED�$���7VX]XNL�.��DQG�0LQDPL�1��������7KH�(IIHFWVRI�XOWUDVRXQG�RQ�IDUDGDLF�SURFHVVHV�DQG�WKH�LQWHUIDFHV�RI�PHWDO�HOHF�WURO\WH�LQ�FRSSHU�HOHFWURGHSRVLWLRQ�V\VWHPV��,Q�3URFHHGLQJV�RI�WKH��WK�,QWHUQDWLRQDO�&RQJUHVV�RQ�$FRXVWLFV��5RPH��SS����������0DUNHQ�)���&RPSWRQ�5��*���������(OHFWURFKLPLFD�$FWD�����������0HQWXV�6��������(OHNWURKHPLMD��%HRJUDG��)DNXOWHW�]D�IL]LaNX�KHPLMX�6XVOLFN�6��.��������7KH�&KHPLFDO�(IIHFWV�RI�8OWUDVRXQG��6FLHQWLILF�$PHUL�FDQ�������������>X^L`�0��������(OHNWURKHPLMD��%HRJUDG��1DXaQD�NQMLJD

0LOR^�%DOMR]RYL`�DQG�$OHNVDQGUD�'XPL`,QIOXHQFH�RI�WKH�8OWUDVRXQG�RQ�(OHFWURFKHPLFDO�3URGXFLQJ�RI+\GURJHQ�RQ�'LIIHUHQW�(OHFWURGHV

7KH�DLP�RI�WKLV�SURMHFW�ZDV�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�WKH�XOWUD�VRXQG�RQ�HOHFWURFKHPLFDO�SURKLELWLRQ�RI�K\GURJHQ�RQ�GLIIHUHQW�HOHFWURGHV�7KH�XOWUDVRXQG�XVHG�LQ�FKHPLVWU\�KDV�WKH�IUHTXHQF\�EHWZHHQ����DQG����N+]��%HFDXVH�RI�WKH�KLJK�ZDYHOHQJWK��LW�GRHV�QRW�HIIHFW�PROHFXOHV�GLUHFWO\�EXW�FDXVHV�FDYLWDWLRQ��&DYLWLHV�H[SDQG�DQG�LPSORGH�FDXVLQJ�D�VKDUS�VKRFNZDYH�ZLWK�H[WUHPH�ORFDO�YDOXHV�RI�WHPSHUDWXUH��DERXW������.�RI�JDV�LQ�VLGH�WKH�FDYLW\��DQG������.�RI�OLTXLG�DURXQG�WKH�FDYLW\��DQG�SUHVVXUH��VHY�HUDO�KXQGUHGV�RI�DWPRVSKHUHV���7KH�XOWUDVRXQG�UHPRYHV�OD\HUV�ZKLFK�FRYHUVXUIDFHV�RI�GLIIHUHQW�PDWHULDOV�JLYLQJ�D�ELJJHU�UHDFWLYH�VXUIDFH��$OVR��LW�LVZHOO�NQRZQ�WKDW�DSSO\LQJ�WKH�XOWUDVRXQG�LQ�HOHFWURFKHPLFDO�V\VWHPV�DIIHFWV

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 11: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

SURFHVVHV�LQVLGH�WKH�V\VWHP��PRYHPHQW�RI�VSHFLHV��PDVV�WUDQVSRUW��+ROW�HWDO���������DOWHUDWLRQ�RI�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�JUDGLHQWV��FRQWLQXRXV�DFWLYDWLRQ�RI�WKHHOHFWURGH�VXUIDFH��FOHDQLQJ�DQG�DEUDGLQJ�HIIHFWV�XSRQ�DQ�HOHFWURGH�VXUIDFHDQG�SURGXFWV�GHVRUSWLRQ��VRQRFKHPLFDO�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�VSHFLHV�WKDW�UHDFW�HOHF�WURFKHPLFDOO\��,RUGDFKH�HW�DO���������,W�ZDV�DOVR�IRXQG�WKDW�LW�DIIHFWV�WKHUDWH�RI�WKH�HOHPHQWDU\�VWHS�RI�FKDUJH�WUDQVIHU�WKURXJK�WKH�HOHFWURGH�VXUIDFHLQ�FHUWDLQ�V\VWHPV��.RED\DVKL�HW�DO��������

7KH�V\VWHP�ZDV�IRUPHG�DV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����$V�D�UHIHUHQW�HOHFWURGH�ZH�XVHG�D�VDWXUDWHG�FDORPHO�HOHFWURGH�DQG�DV�DQ�DX[LOLDU\�HOHFWURGH��DSODWLQXP�ZLUH�LV�XVHG��:H�ZRUNHG�ZLWK�WKUHH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�K\GURFKOR�ULF�DFLG�������0�������0�DQG�����0��$V�D�ZRUNLQJ�HOHFWURGH�ZH�XVHG�VL[GLIIHUHQW�PDWHULDOV��$O��3W��)H��&X��:�DQG�JUDSKLWH��(OHFWURO\VLV�ZHUH�UH�SHDWHG�IRU�HYHU\�ZRUNLQJ�HOHFWURGH�DQG�HDFK�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�DFLG�WZRWLPHV�¬�ZLWK�DQG�ZLWKRXW�WKH�XOWUDVRXQG��%HWZHHQ�HOHFWURO\VLV��HOHFWURGHVZHUH�FOHDQHG��ZKLOH�WKH�JHRPHWU\�RI�WKH�H[SHULPHQW�ZDV�KHOG�FRQVWDQW��:HKDYH�PHDVXUHG�WKH�FXUUHQW�GHQVLW\��SRWHQWLDO�GLIIHUHQFH�EHWZHHQ�ZRUNLQJDQG�UHIHUHQW�HOHFWURGH��DQG�EHWZHHQ�WKH�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDU\�HOHFWURGH�7KH�UHVXOWV�ZHUH�XVHG�WR�GUDZ�,�(�FXUYHV�

7KH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�WKH�XOWUDVRXQG�ZDV�GHWHFWHG�RQ�,�(�FXUYHV�E\�PDQ\HIIHFWV��PRYLQJ�RI�MXPS�RI�FXUYH�V��VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�FXUUHQW�GHQ�VLW\�RQ�RYHUSRWHQWLDO��DSSHDULQJ�RI�SODWHDXV�RQ�FXUYHV�VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGHQFHRI�FXUUHQW�GHQVLW\�RQ�WKH�SRWHQWLDO�EHWZHHQ�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDU\�HOHF�WURGHV��PRYLQJ�RI�FXUYH�VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�FXUUHQW�GHQVLW\�RQ�SRWHQ�WLDO�EHWZHHQ�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDU\�HOHFWURGH�DERYH�WKH�VDPH�FXUYH�LQVLOHQW�FRQGLWLRQV�DQG�FKDQJHV�RI�HTXLOLEULXP�SRWHQWLDO�RI�HOHFWURGH�WR�ORZHUFXUUHQF\�

0RYLQJ�RI�MXPS�RI�FXUYH�V��VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�FXUUHQW�GHQVLW\RQ�RYHUSRWHQWLDO��)LJXUH�����2Q�DOPRVW�DOO�FXUYHV��WKH�MXPS�PRYHG�WRWKHULJKW��,QWHQVLW\�RI�PRYHPHQW�LV�GHFUHDVLQJ�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ�RUGHU��&X��)H�3E��$O��:��JUDSKLWH�

$SSHDULQJ�RI�SODWHDX�RQ�FXUYHV�VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�FXUUHQWGHQVLW\�RQ�SRWHQWLDO�EHWZHHQ�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDU\�HOHFWURGH��)LJXUH����$SSHDUDQFH�RI�WKH�SODWHDX�LV�VWLOO�QRW�H[SODLQHG���2XU��$VVXPSWLRQ�LV�WKDWWKH�SODWHDX�DSSHDUV�EHFDXVH�RI�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�WKH�XOWUDVRXQG�RQ�WKH�HOHFWULFDOGRXEOH�OD\HU��('/���EHFDXVH�RI�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�WKH�XOWUDVRXQG�RQ�WKH�K\GUDWD�WLRQ�OD\HU��EHFDXVH�RI�WKH�HOHFWURGH�SDVLYLVDWLRQ��RU�EHFDXVH�RI�D�FRPSOH[FRPELQDWLRQ�RI�DOO�WKUHH�HIHFWV�

0RYLQJ�RI�FXUYH�VKRZLQJ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�FXUUHQW�GHQVLW\�RQ�SRWHQ�WLDO�EHWZHHQ�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDU\�HOHFWURGHV�DERYH�WKH�VDPH�FXUYH�LQVLOHQW�FRQGLWLRQV��'XULQJ�WKH�ZRUN�RQ�:�DQG�3E�HOHFWURGHV��RQ�DOO�DFLGFRQFHQWUDWLRQV���DQG�RQ�)H�DQG�JUDSKLWH�HOHFWURGHV�RQO\�RQ�WZR�KLJKHU�DFLGFRQFHQWUDWLRQV��ZH�JRW�D�KLJKHU�FXUUHQW�GHQVLW\�IRU�WKH�VDPH�SRWHQWLDO�EH�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 12: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

WZHHQ�ZRUNLQJ�DQG�DX[LOLDU\�HOHFWURGHV��7KLV�GDWD�KDV�JUHDW�WHFKQRORJLFDOLPSRUWDQFH�EHFDXVH�LW�FDQ�SURYLGH�VSHQGLQJ�OHVV�HQHUJ\�IRU�K\GURJHQ�SUR�GXFWLRQ�

0RYLQJ�RI�HTXLOLEULXP�SRWHQWLDO�RI�HOHFWURGH�WR�ORZHU�FXUUHQF\��2QWKH�FXUYHV�ZH�QRWLFHG�D�PRYLQJ�RI�HTXLOLEULXP�SRWHQWLDO�RI�HOHFWURGHV�WRD�ORZHU�FXUUHQF\��.RED\DVKL��DQG�DVVLVWDQWV��DOVR�QRWLFHG�WKLV���������,WVKRZV�WKDW�WKLV�FRXOG�EH�D�JHQHUDO�VRQRHOHFWURFKHPLFDO�DSSHDUDQFH�

7KH�ILQDO�FRQFOXVLRQ�LV�WKDW�WKH�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�WKH�UHVXOWV�ZKHQXVLQJ�GLIIHUHQW�HOHFWURGH�PDWHULDOV�DSSHDU�DV�D�FRQVHTXHQFH�RI�WKHLU�UHDF�WLYLW\��%HFDXVH�RI�WKH�FRPSOH[LW\�RI�WKH�VWXGLHG�V\VWHPV�DQG�DQ�LQVXIIL�FLHQWO\�GHYHORSHG�WKHRU\�RI�XOWUDVRXQG�HIIHFWV��LW�LV�QRW�SRVVLEOH�WR�SHUIRUPDQ�LQ�GHSWK�DQDO\VLV�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 13: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

'UDJDQD�9DVL`

,VSLWLYDQMH�UHDNFLMH�NRPSOHNVLUDQMD[3W&O��'062��]�6$�/�FLVWHLQRP

5HDNFLMD�NRPSOHNVLUDQMD�[3W&O��'062��]�VD�/�FLVWHLQRP�LVSLWLYDQD�MH�VSHNWURIR�WRPHWULMVNL�QD�WHPSHUDWXUL���~&������.��X�REODVWL�S+�RG���GR����X�SULVXVWYX�LRGVXVWYX� SRYU^LQVNL� DNWLYQH� VXSVWDQFH� QDWULMXP�GRGHFLO�VXOIDWD� �6'6��� 8� RYRMUHDNFLML� VH�REUD]XMH�QRYL�NRPSOHNV�aLML� VDVWDY� ]DYLVL�RG�RGQRVD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD[3W&O�'062�]�L�/�FLVWHLQD��8�YL^NX�[3W&O��'062��]�GROD]L�GR�]DPHQH�MHGQRJ&O¬�OLJDQGD�/�FLVWHLQRP��8�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD�YHURYDWQR�GROD]L�GR�LVWLVNLYDQMD�GYD&O¬�OLJDQGD�SUL�aHPX�VH�REUD]XMH�KHODWQL�NYDGUDWQR�SODQDUQL�NRPSOHNV��3ULVXVWYRPLFHOH�6'6�L�S+�QH�XWLaX�QD�VDVWDY�L�VWUXNWXUX�QDVWDORJ�NRPSOHNVD��%U]LQD�UHDN�FLMH�]DYLVL�RG�S+�VUHGLQH�L�SULVXVWYD�PLFHOH��^WR�VH�PRCH�REMDVQLWL�UD]OLaLWLP�HOHN�WURVWDWLaNLP� LQWHUDNFLMDPD�PH_X�aHVWLFDPD�X�UDVWYRUX�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�S+�L�XSULVXVWYX�L�RGVXVWYX�PLFHOH�

8YRG/�FLVWHLQ�VSDGD�X�SULURGQH�α�DPLQRNLVHOLQH�NRMH�VDGUCH�DPLQR�JUXSX

�¬1+����NDUERNVLOQX��¬&22+��L�WLRHWDUVNX��¬6+��JUXSX��3HWHU��������%LR�PROHNXOL�VOLaQH�VWUXNWXUH�REUD]XMX�NRPSOHNVH�VD�PHWDOQLP�MRQLPD�NDR�^WRVX�&X��1L��=Q�L�GUXJL��&URPHU�0RULRQ�������%XJDUaL`��������X�NRMLPD�VHOLJDQG�YH]XMH�]D�PHWDOQL�MRQ�SUHNR�DPLQR�L�NDUERNVLOQH�JUXSH��1HNLPHWDOQL�MRQL��SRVHEQR�RQL�L]�JUXSH�SODWLQVNLK�PHWDOD��REUD]XMX�NRPSOHNVHVD�RYLP�OLJDQGLPD�YH]XMX`L�VH�NRRUGLQDFLRQRP�YH]RP�SUHNR�¬6+�JUXSH�NRMD�SRND]XMH�L]UD]LWH�HOHNWURGRQRUVNH�RVRELQH��5DX�������

8�SRVOHGQMH�YUHPH�VLQWHWL]RYDQL�VX�QRYL�NYDGUDWQR�SODQDUQL�NRP�SOHNVL�3W�,,��L�3G�,,��L�LVSLWDQ�PHKDQL]DP�UHDNFLMD�VXSVWLWXFLMH�RYLK�NRP�SOHNVD�VD�ELROR^NL�YDCQLP�PROHNXOLPD�NDR�^WR�VX�FLVWHLQ��PHWLRQLQ�LJOXWDWLRQ��.DUNDOL`��������2YDNYD�LVSLWLYDQMD�VX�]QDaDMQD�]ERJ�WRJD�^WRUHDNFLMH�3W�,,��NRPSOHNVD�VD�ELRPROHNXOLPD�NRML�VDGUCH�¬6+�JUXSX�LPDMXELROR^NX�L�PHGLFLQVNX�YDCQRVW��5DX�������/LSSHUW��������.RPSOHNVL�3W�,,�SRND]XMX�DQWLWXPRUR]QX�DNWLYQRVW�YH]XMX`L�VH�VD�'1$�PROHNXOLPD��D�MHGL�

'UDJDQD�9DVL`��������%HRJUDG�1LNRODMD�*RJROMD�������XaHQLFD���UD]UHGD�;,,,EHRJUDGVNH�JLPQD]LMH�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 14: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

HQMD�NRMD�VDGUCH�¬6+�JUXSX�VX�]ERJ�DILQLWHWD�SUHPD�RYLP�NRPSOHNVLPDPRJX�ELWL�RGJRYRUQD�]D�UH]LVWHQFLMX�SUL�DQWLWXPRUVNRP�WUHWPDQX��/LSSHUW������

&LOM�UDGD�MH�ELOR�LVSLWLYDQMH�UHDNFLMH�NYDGUDWQR�SODQDUQRJ�NRPSOHNVD[3W&O�'062�]�VD�/�FLVWHLQRP��RGUH_HQ�MH�VDVWDY�SURL]YRGD�UHDNFLMH��]DY�LVQRVW�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�X�YL^NX�OLJDQGD�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL��XWLFDM�SULVXVWYD�DQ�MRQD�SRYU^LQVNL�DNWLYQH�VXSVWDQFH�QDWULMXP�GRGHFLO�VXOIDWD��6'6��QDNLQHWLNX�UHDNFLMH�L�]DYLVQRVW�NRQVWDQWH�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMHYL^ND�OLJDQGD�

��������������[3W&O�'062�]������������������/�FLVWHLQ��

0DWHULMDO�L�PHWRGH.RPSOHNV�[3W&O��'062��]�VLQWHWLVDQ�MH�SUHPD�VWDQGDUGQRM�SURFHGXUL

�%UHHW��������6XSVWDQFH�NRUL^`HQH�X�UDGX��/�FLVWHLQ��+�%2��� +�32��&+�&22+��1D2+��6'6��+&O2��VX�NRPHUFLMDOQR�GRVWXSQH��0HUFN��S�D����$S�VRUSFLRQL�VSHNWUL�UDVWYRUD�VQLPDQL�VX�QD�VSHNWURIRWRPHWUX�*%&�&LQWUD����89�9LV��9UHGQRVWL�S+�PHUHQH�VX�S+�PHWURP�&251,1*�&+(.0,7(�S+����

6WDQGDUGQL�UDVWYRUL�[3W&O��'062��]�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�����⋅��¬��0�L�/�FL�VWHLQD�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�����0�SULSUHPOMHQL�VX�X�����0�+&O2���=D�RGUCDYDQMHS+�YUHGQRVWL�NRUL^`HQ�MH�%ULWWRQ�5RELQVRQRY�SXIHU�

$SVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWUL�UDVWYRUD�VX�VQLPDQL����PLQXWD�QDNRQ�SULSUHPH�GDEL�VH�X�UDVWYRUX�SRVWLJOD�WHUPRGLQDPLaND�UDYQRWHCD��.LQHWLaND�PHUHQMD�VXL]YR_HQD�SUD`HQMHP�SURPHQH�DSVRUEDQFLMH�QD�WDODVQRM�GXCLQL�����QP�QH�SRVUHGQR�QDNRQ�SULSUHPH�UDVWYRUD�X�WUDMDQMX�RG�QDMPDQMH���SROXYUHPHQDUHDNFLMH��

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD$SVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWUL�SURL]YRGD�UHDNFLMH�[3W&O��'062��]�L�/�FLVWHLQD

$SVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWUL�UDVWYRUD�/�FLVWHLQD��[3W&O��'062��]�L�QMLKRYHVPH^H�QD�S+�������VOLND����VQLPDQL�VX�SUL�RGQRVLPD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�����L�����X�RSVHJX�WDODVQLK�GXCLQD�RG���������QP�����PLQXWD�QDNRQ�SULSUHPH�GD�EL�VH�X�SRVWLJOD�WHUPRGLQDPLaND�UDYQRWHCD��

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 15: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

,]� UH]XOWDWD� SULND]DQLK�QD� VOLFL� �� ]DSDCD� VH�GD� VH�X� UHDNFLML[3W&O��'062��]�L�/�FLVWHLQD�SUL�RGQRVX�NRFHQWUDFLMD�����MDYOMD�QRYL�NRP�SOHNV�VD�PDNVLPXPRP�DSVRUSFLMH�QD�����QP��3UL�RGQRVX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�/�F\V���3W� ������GROD]L�GR�SURPHQH�L]JOHGD�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�REUD�]RYDQRJ�NRPSOHNVD��2GUH_LYDQMH�VDVWDYD�NRPSOHNVD

6DVWDY�NRPSOHNVD�RGUH_HQ�MH�QD�S+������PHWRGRP�VSHNWURIRWRPHWUL�MVNH�WLWUDFLMH��7RGRURYL`��������.RQFHQWUDFLMD�MHGQRJ�RG�UHDNWDQDWD�MHRGUCDYDQD�NRQVWDQWQRP���⋅��¬��0���D�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�GUXJRJ�UHDNWDQWD�YDUL�UDQD�MH�X�REODVWL�RG��⋅��¬��GR��⋅��¬��0��6QLPDQL�VX�DSVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWULUDVWYRUD�L�SUD`HQD�SURPHQD�DSVRUEDQFLMH�QD�YL^H�WDODVQLK�GXCLQD��1D�VOLFL�D�L�VOLFL��E�SULND]DQD�MH�]DYLVQRVW�DSVRUEDQFLMH�RG�RGQRVD�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPHWDOD�L�OLJDQGD�QD�WDODVQLP�GXCLQDPD�����QP�L�����QP�

,]�]DYLVQRVWL�DSVRUEDQFLMH�RG�RGQRVD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�[3W&O��'062��]�L/�FLVWHLQD�SUL�NRQVWDQWQRM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�/�FLVWHLQD��VOLND��D��YLGL�VH�GD�DS�VRUEDQFLMD�OLQHDUQR�UDVWH�GR�RGQRVD�����L�GRVWLCH�]DUDYQMHQMH�X�YL^NX[3W&O��'062��]��'YH�OLQHDUQH�]DYLVQRVWL�VHNX�VH�SUL�VWHKLRPHWULMVNRP�RG�QRVX������SD�VH�PRCH�]DNOMXaLWL�GD�NRPSRQHQWH�UHDJXMX�SUHPD�MHGQDaLQL�

[PtCl2(DMSO)2] + L-cys = [PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2]+ + Cl

– ���

6OLND����$SVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWUL���¬�0�/�FLVWHLQD��������¬�0�[3W&O��'062��]������VPH^H���¬��0[3W&O��'062��]�L���¬�0�/�FLVWHLQD�����LVPH^H���¬��0[3W&O��'062��]�L���¬��0�/�FLVWHLQD�����QD�S+�����

)LJXUH����$SVRUSWLRQ�VSHFWUD�RI��¬��0�/�F\VWHLQH�������¬��0�[3W&O��'062��]�����PL[WXUH�RI���¬��0[3W&O��'062��]�DQG��¬��0�/�F\VWHLQH����DQG�PL[WXUH�RI���¬��0[3W&O��'062��]�DQG��¬��0�/�F\VWHLQH�����DW�S+�����

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 16: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

�3UL�NRQVWDQWQRM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�[3W&O��'062��]��VOLND��E��DSVRUEDQFLMDOLQHDUQR�UDVWH�GR�RGQRVD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�����L�]DGUCDYD�NRQVWDQWQX�YUHGQRVWGR�RNR�����SXWD�YH`H�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�/�FLVWHLQD��D�SUL�YH`LP�RGQRVLPD�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMD�DSVRUEDQFLMD�RSDGD�GR�NRQVWDQWQH�YUHGQRVWL��,]�RYLK�UH]XOWDWD�QHPRCH�VH�VD�VLJXUQR^`X�SRWYUGLWL�GD�VH�X�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD�REUD]XMH�NRP�SOHNV�VD�VWHKLRPHWULMVNLP�RGQRVRP������3RUHG�WRJD��YDCQR�MH�SULPHWLWL�L]UH]XOWDWD�SULND]DQRJ�QD�VOLFL����VSHNWDU�����GD�MH�X�YL^NX�OLJDQGD�GR^OR�LGR�SURPHQH�L]JOHGD�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD��

2YL�UH]XOWDWL�QDYRGH�QD�SUHWSRVWDYNX�GD�X�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD�GROD]L�GRVXSVWLWXFLMH�QDMSUH�MHGQRJ��D�SRWRP�GUXJRJ�&O�OLJDQGD�L]�NRPSOHNVD[3W&O�'062�]��VD�GYH�IXQNFLRQDOQH�JUXSH�/�FLVWHLQD��SUHPD�UHODFLML�

[PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2]+ = [Pt(L-cys)(DMSO)2]

2+ + Cl

– ���SUL�aHPX�VH�REUD]XMH�KHODWQL�NYDGUDWQR�SODQDUQL�NRPSOHNV��2YD�UHDNFLMDGRYRGL�GR�SURPHQH�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�REUD]RYDQRJ�NRPSOHNVD[3W&O�'062�]/�FLVWHLQ��8�VYDNRP�VOXaDMX��VDVWDY�NRPSOHNVD�NRML�QDVWDMHX�YL^NX�OLJDQGD�PRJDR�EL�VH�SRWYUGLWL�GUXJLP�PHWRGDPD��NDR�QSU�PDVHQRP�VSHNWURPHWULMRP�

3URPHQD�DSVRUSFLRQLK�VSHNWDUD�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�YUHPHQD%U]LQD�UHDNFLMH�REUD]RYDQMD�NRPSOHNVD�LVSLWDQD�MH�QD�S+�������SUL�RG�

QRVX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�[3W&O��'062��] ��/�FLVWHLQ�����L�������X�YL^NX�OL�JDQGD���3UD`HQD�MH�SURPHQD�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�UDVWYRUD�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RGYUHPHQD��.RQFHQWUDFLMD�[3W&O��'062��]�ELOD�MH��⋅��¬��0��5H]XOWDWL�VX�SUL�ND]DQL�QD�VOLNDPD��D�L��E�

1D�VOLFL��D�YLGL�VH��GD�SURPHQH�VSHNWDUD�SUL�RGQRVX�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPHWDO�OLJDQG�����L������SUDWL�SRMDYD�GREUR�GHILQLVDQH�L]REHVWLaQH�WDaNH�QD����QP��

6OLND����6DVWDY�NRPSOHNVD[3W&O�'062�]�/�FLVWHLQRGUH_HQ�PHWRGRPVSHNWURIRWRPHWULMVNHWLWUDFLMH�QD�S+������XYL^NX�[3W&O��'062��]��D�L�X�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD��E�

)LJXUH��'HWHUPLQDWLRQ�RIVWRFKLRPHWULF�UDWLR�RIFRPSOH[�IRUPDWLRQ[3W&O�'062�]�/�FLVWHLQE\�VSHFWURSKRWRPHWULFWLWUDWLRQ�PHWKRG�DW�S+�����

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 17: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

8WLFDM�S+�L�PLFHOH�6'6�QD�DSVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWDU�NRPSOHNVD8WLFDM�SRYU^LQVNL�DNWLYQH�VXSVWDQFH�QDWULMXP�GRGHFLO�VXOIDWD��6'6��QD

DSVRUSFLRQH�VSHNWUH�NRPSOHNVD�LVSLWDQ�MH�X�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD��QD�S+�YUHG�QRVWLPD������L����.RQFHQWUDFLMD�6'6�ELOD�MH��⋅��¬��0��MHU�VH�SUL�WRM�NRQ�FHQWUDFLML�REUD]XMX�PLFHOH�

1D�VOLFL���]DSDCD�VH�GD�L]JOHG�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�X�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD]DYLVL�RG�SULVXVWYD�6'6�L�S+�VUHGLQH��5D]OLNH�X�LQWHQ]LWHWX�PDNVLPXPDDSVRUSFLMH�X�SULVXVWYX�L�RGVXVWYX�6'6�SRWLaX�RG�SURPHQD�MRQVNH�MDaLQH�SULUD]OLaLWLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD��5D]OLNH�X�L]JOHGX�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�SULUD]OLaLWLP�S+�YHURYDWQR�SRWLaX�RG�SURPHQH�MRQVNRJ�VWDQMD�OLJDQGD�X�NRP�SOHNVX��S.D� �������,]�UH]XOWDWD�VH�PRCH�]DNOMXaLWL��GD�S+�L�SULVXVWYRPLFHOH�QLMH�XWLFDOR�QD�VDVWDY�L�VWUXNWXUX�NRPSOHNVD�

1D�VOLFL���WDNR_H�VH�]DSDCD�GD�VH�L]JOHG�DSVRUSFLRQLK�VSHNWDUD�X�YL^NX/�FLVWHLQD�SUL�NRQFHQWUDFLMPD�[3W&O��'062��]�RG��⋅��¬��0�L�/�FLVWHLQD�RG�⋅��¬��0�UD]OLNXMH�RG�L]JOHGD�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�SUL�GYD�SXWD�YH`LPNRQFHQWUDFLMDPD���¬��0�¬�[3W&O��'062��]�L���¬��0�¬�/�FLVWHLQ��VSHNWDU��QD�VOLFL�����8�VYLP�DSVRUSFLRQLP�VSHNWULPD�SULND]DQLP�QD�VOLFL���SULVX�WDQ�MH�PDNVLPXP�DSVRUSFLMH�QD�RNR�����QP��,]JOHG�GRELMHQLK�VSHNWDUDVOLaDQ� MH� DSVRUSFLRQRP� VSHNWUX� SUL� NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD� ��¬�� 0� ¬[3W&O��'062��]�L���¬��0�¬�/�FLVWHLQ��VSHNWDU���QD�VOLFL�����2YDM�UH]XOWDWPRCH�VH�REMDVQLWL�WLPH�GD�SUL�GRYROMQR�QLVNLP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD�UHDNWDQDWDX�YL^NX�OLJDQGD�QH�GROD]L�GR�UHDNFLMH�VWYDUDQMD�KHODWQRJ�NRPSOHNVD�SUHPDMHGQDaLQL� ����� L� GD� X� YHOLNRP� SULQRVX� QDVWDMH� NRPSOHNV� [3W&O�/�F\V��'062��]��SUHPD�MHGQDaLQL�����

6OLND����$SVRUSFLRQL�VSHNWUL�X]DYLVQRVWL�RG�YUHPHQD�SULRGQRVX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD[3W&O��'062��] : L-cistein1:1 snimljeni u razmakuod 20 s (a)i odnosu 1:10 u razmakuod 60 s (b) na pH 1.82.[3W&O��'06�2�] �⋅��¬��0��

)LJXUH����&KDQJH�RI�DSVRUSWLRQVSHFWUD�DV�D�IXQFWLRQ�RIWLPH�DW�PRODU�UDWLR[3W&O�'062�] ��/�F\VWHLQH�����HYHU\����V��D��DQG������HYHU\����V��E��DW�S+������[3W&O�'062�]=1⋅10¬��0��

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 18: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

8WLFDM�6'6�QD�EU]LQX�UHDNFLMH�X�VUHGLQDPD�UD]OLaLWH�NLVHORVWL�,VSLWDQ�MH�XWLFDM�PLFHOH�6'6�QD�]DYLVQRVW�EU]LQH�REUD]RYDQMD�NRP�

SOHNVD�RG�S+��%U]LQD�UHDNFLMH�MH�RGUH_LYDQD�SUD`HQMHP�SURPHQH�DSVRUEDQ�FLMH�NRPSOHNVD�QD�WDODVQRM�GXCLQL�����QP�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�YUHPHQD�XXVORYLPD� SVHXGRSUYRJ� UHGD� X� YL^NX� /�FLVWHLQD�� .RQFHQWUDFLMD[3W&O��'062��]�MH�ELOD��⋅��¬��0��D�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�/�FLVWHLQD��⋅��¬��0�%U]LQD�MH�SUD`HQD�QD�UD]OLOaLWLP�S+�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�SULVXVWYD���¬��0�6'6�'RELMHQH�NLQHWLaNH�NULYH�SULND]DQH�VX�QD�VOLFL����

6OLND����8WLFDM��⋅��¬��0�6'6�QDDSVRUSFLRQH�VSHNWUHNRPSOHNVD[3W&O��'062��]�/�FLVWHLQ�[3W&O��'062��]�¬�⋅��¬��0��/�FLVWHLQ�¬��⋅��¬��0��

)LJXUH���,QIOXHQFH�RI��⋅��¬��06'6�WR�WKH�DSVRUSWLRQVSHFWUD�RI�FRPSOH[[3W&O��'062��]�/�FLVWHLQ�[3W&O��'062��]�¬��⋅��¬��0��/�FLVWHLQ�¬��⋅��¬��0��

6OLND����.LQHWLaNH�NULYHREUD]RYDQMD�NRPSOHNVDSUL�RGQRVXNRQFHQWUDFLMD[3W&O��'062��]�/�FLVWHLQ�����X�VUHGLQDPDUD]OLaLWH�NLVHORVWL�XRGVXVWYX�L�SULVXVWYX�⋅��¬��6'6[3W&O��'062��]� ��⋅��¬��0�

)LJ����.LQHWKLFDO�FXUYHV�RIFRPSOH[�IRUPDWLRQ�DWPRODU�UDWLR[3W&O��'062��]�/�FLVWHLQ�����DW�GLIIHUHQW�S+V�LQSUHVHQFH�DQG�DEVHQFHRI��⋅��¬��6'6�[3W&O��'062��]� ��⋅��¬��0��

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 19: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

8�VYLP�VOXaDMHYLPD�GRELMHQD�MH�]DYLVQRVW�SVHXGRSUYRJ�UHGD��'RELMHQHNULYH�PRJX�VH�RSLVDWL�MHGQDaLQRP��:LONLQV�������

A = A∞ (1 – e–kt

) ���JGH�MH�$�DSVRUEDQFLMD�X�WUHQXWNX�W��$∞�DSVRUEDQFLMD�X�WUHQXWNX�SRVWL]DQMDUDYQRWHCH��D�N�NRQVWDQWD�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�

)LWRYDQMHP�NLQHWLaNLK�NULYLK�MHGQDaLQRP�����L]UDaXQDWD�MH�NRQVWDQWDEU]LQH�UHDNFLMH��N��]D�VYDNX�NULYX��1D�VOLFL���SULND]DQD�MH�]DYLVQRVW�NRQ�VWDQWH�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�N�L�RG�S+�X�RGVXVWYX�L�SULVXVWYX��⋅��¬��0�6'6��

1D�VOLFL���YLGL�VH�GD�VH�PDNVLPXP�IXQNFLMH�X�SULVXVWYX�6'6�SRPHULRSUHPD�YH`LP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD��VD�S+�����QD�S+������8WLFDM�PLFHOH�QDEU]LQX�UHDNFLMH�PRCH�VH�REMDVQLWL�HOHNWURVWDWLaNLP�HIHNWLPD�SULYODaHQMD�LRGELMDQMD�MRQD�X�UDVWYRUX�

8�REODVWL�S+�RG������GR�����EH]�SULVXVWYD�PLFHOH�EU]LQD�UHDNFLMHUDVWH��8�WRM�REODVWL�NLVHORVWL�SODWLQVNL�NRPSOHNV��NRML�MH�QHXWUDODQ��]ERJKLGUROL]H��RGQRVQR�VXSVWLWXFLMH�MHGQRJ�&O�OLJDQGD�YRGRP��SRVWDMH�SR]LWLYDQ�/LJDQG�MH�X�WRM�REODVWL�SR]LWLYQR�QDHOHNWULVDQ��D�VD�SRYH`DQMHP�S+�GROD]LGR�GLVRFLMDFLMH�¬&22+�JUXSH��S.D� �������NRMD�QH�XaHVWYXMH�X�UHDNFLMLVXSVWLWXFLMH��,SDN�¬&22¬�JUXSD�/�FLVWHLQD�VD�SRYH`DQMHP�S+�HOHNWUR�VWDWLaNL� SULYODaL� [3W�+�2���'062��]��� NRML� YHURYDWQR� QDVWDMH� L][3W&O��'062��]�SUHPD�MHGQDaLQL�

[PtCl2(DMSO)2] + 2 H2O = [Pt(H2O)2(DMSO)2]2+

+ 2 Cl– ���

=ERJ�WRJD�VH�X�YRGHQRM�VUHGLQL�UHDNFLMD�XEU]DYD�VD�SRYH`DQMHP�S+�1D�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD�YH`LP�RG�����YHURYDWQR�GROD]L�GR�]DPHQH�+�2�OL�JDQGD�2+¬�OLJDQGRP�]ERJ�aHJD�GROD]L�GR�VPDQMHQMD�LQWHQ]LWHWD�SULYODaHQMD¬&22¬�JUXSH�L�[3W&O��'062��]�L�VPDQMHQMD�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�]ERJ�HOHNWUR�VWDWLaNRJ�RGELMDQMD�QHJDWLYQR�QDHOHNWULVDQLK�MRQD��$QDORJQR�VH�SRQD^DMXVOLaQL�SODWLQVNL�NRPSOHNVL�NDR�^WR�MH�RSLVDQR�X�OLWHUDWXUL��%XJDUaL`�������

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�NRQVWDQWHEU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RG�S+YUHGQRVWL�X�RGVXVWYXL�SULVXVWYX��⋅��¬��06'6�D�[3W&O�'062�]�¬�⋅��¬��0��/�FLVWHLQ�⋅��¬��0��

)LJ����5HDFWLRQ�UDWHFRQVWDQW�YV�S+�LQDEVHQFH�DQG�SUHVHQFHRI��⋅��¬��0�6'6�[3W&O�'062�]�¬�⋅��¬��0��/�FLVWHLQ�⋅��¬��0

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 20: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

5H]XOWDWL�SULND]DQL�QD�VOLFL���SRND]XMX�GD�MH�X�SULVXVWYX�PLFHOH�GR^ORGR�SRPHUDQMD�PDNVLPXPD�IXQNFLMH�ND�YH`LP�YUHGQRVWLPD�S+��1HJDWLYQRQDHOHNWULVDQD�PLFHOD�SULYODaL�QD�VYRMX�SRYU^LQX�SR]LWLYQR�QDHOHNWULVDQHMRQH�L�SURWRQH��SD�VH�]ERJ�WRJD�QD�SRYU^LQL�PLFHOH�SULYLGQR�SRYH`DYDNLVHORVW�VUHGLQH��=ERJ�WRJD�VH�QD�QHJDWLYQR�QDHOHNWULVDQRM�PLFHOL�SRYH`DYDNRQFHQWUDFLMD�SR]LWLYQLK�MRQD�NRPSOHNVD�L�OLJDQGD��6PDQMHQMH�EU]LQH�XSULVXVWYX�PLFHOH�QD�S+�����PRCH�VH�REMDVQLWL�WLPH�VWR�MH�/�FLVWHLQ�QDPLFHOL�]ERJ�SRYH`DQRJ�SULVXVWYD�+��MRQD�SURWRQRYDQ��SD�]ERJ�WRJD�VODELMHSULYODaL�SODWLQVNL�NRPSOHNV��

�6D�SRYH`DQMHP�S+�GR���EU]LQD�UHDNFLMH�X�SULVXVWYX�6'6� VHSRYH`DYD��7R�VH�PRCH�REMDVQLWL�LQWHQ]LYQLMLP�SUHODVNRP�[3W&O��'062��]X�[3W�+�2���'062��]���L�DGVRUERYDQMHP�QD�PLFHOL��2VLP�WRJD��L�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMD�/�FLVWHLQD�QD�PLFHOL�MH�SRYH`DQD��]ERJ�QMHJRYRJ�SR]LWLYQRJ�QDHOHN�WULVDQMD��1D�S+���RED�UHDNWDQWD�VH�LQWHQ]LYQR�YH]XMX�]D�PLFHOX�^WRXVORYOMDYD�SRYH`DQMH�QMLKRYLK�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�QD�PLFHOL�L�SRYH`DQMH�EU]LQHUHDNFLMH��1D�S+���+�2�OLJDQG�VH�]DPHQMXMH�¬2+�OLJDQGRP�L�QDVWDOL�NRP�SOHNV�[3W�2+���'062��]�VH�RGELMD�RG�PLFHOH��D�GROD]L�L�GR�GLVRFLMDFLMH¬&22+�JUXSH�OLJDQGD��=ERJ�WRJD�GROD]L�GR�VPDQMHQMD�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�2GUH_LYDQMH�NRQVWDQWH�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUFLMH�YL^ND�OLJDQGD�

=DYLVQRVW�NRQVWDQWH�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�YL^ND�OLJDQGDLVSLWLYDQD�MH�QD�S+������SUD`HQMHP�SURPHQH�DSVRUEDQFLMH�QD�WDODVQRM�GXCLQLRG�����QP�X�SULVXVWYX���¬��0�6'6�L�EH]�SULVXVWYD�6'6��GD�EL�VH�XWYUGLORGD�OL�LPD�SURPHQD�X�PHKDQL]PX�UHDNFLMH�X�SULVXVWYX�PLFHOD�6'6��.RQ�FHQWUDFLMD�[3W&O��'062��]�RGUCDYDQD�MH�NRQVWDQWQRP���⋅��¬��0���D�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMD�YL^ND�OLJDQGD�MH�PHQMDQD�RG��⋅��¬��0�GR����⋅��¬��0��.LQHWLaNHNULYH�VX�SULND]DQH�QD�VOLFL���

6OLND����.LQHWLaNH�NULYHREUD]RYDQMD�NRPSOHNVDX�]DYLVQRVWL�RGNRQFHQWUDFLMH�/�FLVWHLQDSUL�RGQRVLPDNRQFHQWUDFLMDPHWDO�OLJDQG�����������������������������������L�������������D��EH]�SULVXVWYD�6'6�E��X�SULVXVWYX���¬��06'6

)LJXUH����.LQHWKLFDO�FXUYHV�RIFRPSOH[�IRUPDWLRQ�DV�DIXQFWLRQ�RIFRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI/�F\VWHLQH�DW�PRODUUDWLRV�PHWDO�OLJDQG�����������������������������������L�������������D��LQ�DEVHQFH�RI�6'6�E��LQ�SUHVHQFH�RI���¬�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 21: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

'RELMHQH�NLQHWLaNH�NULYH�ILWRYDQH�VX�MHGQDaLQRP������L�GRELMHQL�VXSDUDPHWUL�N�]D�VYDNX�NULYX��=DYLVQRVW�N�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�YL^ND�OLJDQGD�SUL�ND]DQD�MH�QD�VOLFL���

5H]XOWDWL�SRND]XMX�GD�VX�GRELMHQH�]DYLVQRVWL�X�RED�VOXaDMD�SUDYROLQL�MVNH�L�PRJX�VH�RSLVDWL�RS^WRP�MHGQDaLQRP�VXSVWLWXFLMH�X�NYDGUDWQR�SOD�QDUQLP�NRPSOHNVLPD��%XJDUaL`�������

k = K1 + K2 Clig ����.�� SUHGVWDYOMD�NRQVWDQWX�EU]LQH�VROYROL]H�NRMD�NDUDNWHUL^H�UHDNFLMX�����QH]DYLVQD�MH�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�YL^ND�OLJDQGD�L�RGUH_HQD�MH�L]�RGVHaND�SUDYH�D�.��SUHGVWDYOMD�NRQVWDQWX�EU]LQH�GUXJRJ�UHGD��NDUDNWHUL^H�IRUPLUDQMH�QR�YRJ�NRPSOHNVD�L�RGUH_HQD�MH�L]�QDJLED�SUDYH�

8�7DEHOL���SULND]DQL�VX�.��L�.��GRELMHQLK�SUDYLK�

7DEHOD����.RQVWDQWH�EU]LQH�.��L�.��EH]�SULVXVWYD�6'6�L�X�SULVXVWYX������0�6'68�SULVXVWYX�6'6 %H]�6'6

.� ����� �����

.� �������±������� �������±�������1D�RVQRYX�GRELMHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�PRCH�VH�]DNOMXaLWL�GD�MH�GD�SUL�PDQMLP

YL^NRYLPD�OLJDQGD�UHDNFLMD�VSRULMD�X�SULVXVWYX�6'6��GRN�SUL�YH`LPYL^NRYLPD�OLJDQGD�EU]LQD�UHDNFLMH�QH�]DYLVL�]QDaDMQR�RG�SULVXVWYD�6'6�2YDM�UH]XOWDW�PRCH�VH�REMDVQLWL�WLPH�GD�VH�/�FLVWHLQ�L]�UDVWYRUD�YH]XMH�]D

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�NRQVWDQWHEU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RGNRQFHQWUDFLMH�YL^NDOLJDQGD�X�SULVXVWYX6'6��NUXCL`L��L�EH]SULVXVWYD�6'6�NYDGUDWL`L��.RQFHQWUDFLMD[3W&O��'062��]�MH�⋅��¬��0�

)LJXUH����'HSHQGDQFH�RI�UDWHFRQVWDQW�RQ�WKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RIOLJDQG�LQ�H[FHVV��LQSUHVHQFH��FLUFOHV��DQGDEVHQFH��VTXDUHV��RI6'6��&RQFHQWUDWLRQRI�[3W&O��'062��]�LV�⋅��¬��0�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 22: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

PLFHOX�6'6��VPDQMXMH�VH�QMHJRYD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�X�UDVWYRUX�L�VPDQMXMH�VHEU]LQD�UHDNFLMH��3UL�YH`LP�YL^NRYLPD�/�FLVWHLQD�VPDQMHQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMHXVOHG�DGVRUSFLMH�QD�PLFHOL�PRCH�VH�]DQHPDULWL�L�QH�XWLaH�QD�SURPHQXEU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�

=DNOMXaDN8�UHDNFLML�[3W&O��'062��]�VD�/�FLVWHLQRP�GROD]L�GR�REUD]RYDQMD�QR�

YRJ�NRPSOHNVD�YH]LYDQMHP�¬6+�JUXSH�/�FLVWHLQD�]D�3W�,,��MRQ��3UL�YHOLNLPYL^NRYLPD�/�FLVWHLQD�GROD]L�GR�SRPHUDQMD�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�PDNVLPXPD�GREL�MHQRJ�NRPSOHNVD�SUHPD�QLCLP�WDODVQLP�GXCLQDPD��8�YL^NX�[3W&O��'062��]GROD]L�GR�VXSVWLWXFLMH�MHGQRJ�OLJDQGD�&O¬��8�YHOLNRP�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQDYHURYDWQR�GROD]L�GR�VXSVWLWXFLMH�RED�OLJDQGD�&O¬�SUHPD�MHGQDaLQDPD�

[PtCl2(DMSO)2] + L-cys = [PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2]+ + Cl

– ���

[PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2] = [Pt(L-cys)(DMSO)2]2+

+ Cl– ���

3URPHQD�DSVRUSFLRQRJ�VSHNWUD�X�YL^NX�/�FLVWHLQD�PRCH�VH�REMDVQLWLVWYDUDQMHP�KHODWQRJ�NYDGUDWQR�SODQDUQRJ�NRPSOHNVD�SUL�aHPX�GROD]L�GR�LV�WLVNLYDQMD�MR^�MHGQRJ�&O¬�OLJDQGD��

6DVWDY�SURL]YRGD�X�YL^NX�OLJDQGD�QH�]DYLVL�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL�VUHGLQH�QL�RG�SULVXVWYD�6'6��5HDNFLMD�NRPSOHNVLUDQMD�VH�PRCH�RSLVDWL�RS^WLP�]D�NRQRP�QXNOHRILOQH�VXSVWLWXFLMH�X�NYDGUDWQR�SODQDUQLP�NRPSOHNVLPD��

=DYLVQRVW�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL�LPD�REOLN�]YRQD�X�REODVWLS+�RG���GR���̂ WR�MH�SRVOHGLFD�HOHNWURVWDWLaNLK�LQWHUDNFLMD�PH_X�PROHNXOLPDUHDNWDQDWD��8�SULVXVWYX�VXUIDNWDQWD�6'6�SUL�PDQMLP�YL^NRYLPD�OLJDQGD�GR�OD]L�GR�VPDQMHQMD�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�]ERJ�DGVRUSFLMH�OLJDQGD�QD�PLFHOX�6'6�^WR�L]D]LYD�VPDQMHQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�OLJDQGD�X�UDVWYRUX��3UL�YH`LP�YL^NRYL�PD�OLJDQGD�L�NRQVWDQWQRM�NRQFHQWUDFLML�6'6�EU]LQD�UHDNFLMH�QH�]DYLVL�RGSULVXVWYD�6'6��MHU�MH�NROLaLQD�DGVRUERYDQRJ�OLJDQGD�PQRJR�PDQMD�RGXNXSQH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�OLJDQGD��1D�S+�~���6'6�LVSROMDYD�NDWDOLWLaNR�GHMVWYRQD�UHDNFLMX�NRPSOHNVLUDQMD��^WR�VH�PRCH�REMDVQLWL�WLPH�GD�VX�QD�S+���REDUHDNWDQWD�SR]LWLYQD�L�GD�SULYODaH�QHJDWLYQR�QDHOHNWULVDQX�PLFHOX��^WR�XV�ORYOMDYD�SRYH`DQMH�QMLKRYH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�QD�PLFHOL��0LFHOH�6'6�SULYODaH+��MRQH�WDNR�GD�MH�X�SULVXVWYX�6'6�PDNVLPXP�IXQNFLMH�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RGS+�YUHGQRVWL�SRPHUHQ�SUHPD�YL^LP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD�

8�GDOMHP�LVWUDCLYDQMX�SRWUHEQR�MH�EOLCH�LVSLWDWL�VDVWDY�SURL]YRGD�UHDN�FLMH�X�YL^NX�OLJDQGD��QSU��PDVHQRP�VSHNWURPHWULMRP���^WR�EL�GRSULQHORSR]QDYDQMX�PHKDQL]PD�UHDNFLMH��7DNR_H�PRJDR�EL�ELWL�EOLCH�LVSLWDQ�SURFHVVROYROL]H�[3W&O�'062�]�X�YRGHQLP�VUHGLQDPD��

=DKYDOQRVW��=DKYDOMXMHP�VH�UXNRYRGLRFLPD�L�VDUDGQLFLPD�SURJUDPDKHPLMH�X�,6�3HWQLFD�QD�SRPR`L�RNR�UHDOL]DFLMH�SURMHNWD�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 23: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

/LWHUDWXUD%UHHW�(��/��-��DQG�YDQ�(OGLN�5��������,QRUJ��&KLP��$FWD���������%XJDUaL`�#��'���/LHKU�*��DQG�YDQ�(OGLN�5��������-��&KHP��6RF��'DOWRQ7UDQV�������&URPHU�0RULRQ�0��DQG�6FKUDII�-��3��������$QDO\W��&KLP��$FWD����������.DUNDOL`�5��DQG�%XJDUaL`�#��������6\QWKHVLV�DQG�UHDFWLYLW\�RI

[3G&O�WHUS\�]&O��0RQDWVKHIWH�IXU�&KHPLH����������/LSSHUW�%���HG���������&LVSODWLQ�&KHPLVWU\�DQG�%LRFKHPLVWU\�RI�/HGLQJDQWLFDQFHU�'UXJV��=XULFK��:LOH\�9&+/XULH�<X��������+DQGERRN�RI�$QDO\WLFDO�&KHPLVWU\��0RVFRZ��0LU3HWHU�.���9ROOKDUGW�&��������2UJDQVND�KHPLMD��%HRJUDG��+DMGLJUDI�5DX�7��DQG�YDQ�(OGLN�5��������.LQHWLF�6WXGLHV�RI�3G�,,��&RPSOH[HV��,Q�0HWDO�,RQV�LQ�%LRORJLFDO�6\VWHPV��HG��$��6LJHO�DQG�+��6LJHO���1HZ<RUN��'HNNHU��SS����������6FKPLG�5���6DSXQRY�9��1��������1RQ�IRUPDO�NLQHWLFV��%DVHO��9HUODJFKHPLH�6PLWK�5�0���0DUWHO�$�(���������&ULWLFDO�6WDELOLW\�&RQVWDQWV��YRO�����VHF�RQG�VXSSO��1HZ�<RUN��3OHQXP�3UHVV7RGRURYL`�0��������2SWLaNH�PHWRGH�LQVWUXPHQWDOQH�DQDOL]H��%HRJUDG�+HPLMVNL�IDNXOWHW:LONLQV�:��������.LQHWLFV�RI�PHFKDQLVP�RI�WUDQVPLVVLRQ�FRPSOH[HV��%HU�OLQ��9HUODJ

'UDJDQD�9DVL`,QYHVWLJDWLRQ�RI�&RPSOH[�)RUPDWLRQ�%HWZHHQ[3W&O��'062��]�DQG�/�F\VWHLQH

7KH�UHDFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�[3W&O��'062��]�DQG�/�F\VWHLQH�ZDV�LQYHVWL�JDWHG�VSHFWURSKRWRPHWULFDOO\��DW�D�WHPSHUDWXUH�RI���~&������.��LQ�WKH�S+UDQJH�IURP���WR����7KH�DEVRUSWLRQ�VSHFWUD�RI�WKH�UHDFWDQWV�DQG�WKHLU�PL[�WXUH�DUH�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����)URP�WKH�FKDQJH�RI�DSVRUSWLRQ�VSHFWUD�RI�WKHPL[WXUH��LW�FDQ�EH�FRQFOXGHG�WKDW�D�QHZ�FRPSOH[�LV�IRUPHG��,W�FDQ�DOVR�EHVHHQ�WKDW�WKH�VSHFWUD�GHSHQG�RQ�WKH�PRODU�UDWLR�RI�WKH�UHDFWDQWV�LQ�WKH�VR�OXWLRQ�

7KH�VWRFKLRPHWU\�RI�WKH�FRPSOH[�LQ�H[FHVV�RI�[3W&O��'062��]�DVZHOO�DV�LQ�WKH�H[FHVV�RI�OLJDQG�ZDV�GHWHUPLQHG�E\�WKH�PRODU�UDWLR�PHWKRG�7RGRURYL`��������7KH�LQFUHDVH�RI�WKH�DSVRUEDQFH�DW�ZDYHOHQJKWV�����QPDQG�����QP�LV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����)URP�WKH�REWDLQHG�FXUYHV�LW�FDQ�EH�VHHQWKDW��LQ�H[FHVV�RI�[3W&O��'062��]��)LJXUH��D���VWRFKLRPHWULFDO�UDWLR�RI�WKHFRPSRQHQWV�LV������,W�LV�FRQFOXGHG�WKDW�LQ�H[FHVV�RI�[3W&O��'062��]��WKHUHDFWLRQ�RFFXUV�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�UHODWLRQ�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 24: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

[PtCl2(DMSO)2] + L-cys = [PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2] +

+ Cl– ���

,Q�H[FHVV�RI�/�F\VWHLQH�VWRFKLRPHWU\�RI�WKH�FRPSOH[�IRUPDWLRQ�FDQQRW�EH�GHWHUPLQHG�E\�WKH�FKRRVHQ�PHWKRG�EHFDXVH�RI�WKH�GHFUHDVH�RI�WKHDEVRUEDQFH�DW�UDWLRV�ELJJHU�WKDQ�/�F\V��[3W&O��'062��]��������)LJXUH��E��,W�FDQ�EH�H[SODLQHG�E\�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�D�FKHODWH�VTXDUH�SODQDU�FRPSOH[�LQH[FHVV�RI�/�F\VWHLQH�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�UHODWLRQ�

[PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2]+ = [PtCl(L-cys)(DMSO)2]

2+ + Cl

– ���

.LQHWKLFV�RI�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�ZDV�LQYHVWLJDWHG�LQ�SUHVHQFH�DQG�DEVHQFH�RI��¬��0�VRGLXP�GRGHF\O�VXOIDWH��6'6���$SVRUSWLRQ�VSHFWUD�DW�GLIIHUHQW�S+VLQ�SUHVHQFH�DQG�DEVHQFH�RI�6'6�DUH�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����,W�FDQ�EH�FRQ�FOXGHG�IURP�)LJXUH���WKDW�SUHVHQFH�RI�6'6�DQG�S+�YDOXH�KDYH�QR�LQIOX�HQFH�RQ�WKH�FRPSRVLWLRQ�DQG�VWUXFWXUH�RI�WKH�FRPSOH[�

.LQHWKLFDO�FXUYHV�LQ�H[FHVV�RI�/�F\VWHLQH�KDYH�SVHXGR�ILUVW�RUGHUVKDSH��2EWDLQHG�FXUYHV�DW�GLIIHUHQW�S+V�DUH�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����5DWH�FRQ�VWDQWV�DUH�FDOFXODWHG�IURP�WKH�FXUYHV�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�HTQ��:LONLQV�������

A = A∞ (1 – e–kt

) ���ZKHUH�$�LV�DSVRUEDQFH�LQ�PRPHQW�W��$∞�DSVRUEDQFH�LQ�HTXLOLEULXP�DQG�NUHDFWLRQ�UDWH�FRQVWDQW�

5DWH�FRQVWDQWV�DV�D�IXQFWLRQ�RI�S+�DUH�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����,W�FDQ�EHVHHQ�LQ�)LJXUH���WKDW�EHOO�VKDSHG�FXUYHV�DUH�REWDLQHG�ERWK�LQ�WKH�SUHVHQFHDQG�DEVHQFH�RI�6'6��GXH�WR�WKH�HOHFWULFDO�LQWHUDFWLRQV�DPRQJ�WKH�PROHFXOHVLQ�D�VROXWLRQ��,Q�SUHVHQFH�RI�6'6�WKHUH�LV�D�GHFUHDVH�RI�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�UDWHEHFDXVH�RI�WKH�DGVRUSWLRQ�RI�D�OLJDQG�RQWR�D�PLFHOOH��ZKLFK�LQYROYHV�WKHGHFUHDVH�RI�WKH�OLJDQG�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�LQ�D�VROXWLRQ��$W�S+���PLFHOOHV�VKRZD�FDWDOLWLFDO�LQIOXHQFH�RQ�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�RI�FRPSOH[�IRUPDWLRQ��,W�LV�EHFDXVHERWK� WKH� UHDFWDQWV� DW� S+��� DUH�SRVLWLYH�� GXH� WR� WKH�KLGURO\VLV�RI[3W&O�'062�]�DW�WKLV�S+�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�UHODWLRQ�

[PtCl2(DMSO)2] + 2 H2O = [Pt(H2O)2(DMSO)2]2+

+ 2 Cl– ���

VR�ERWK�WKH�UHDFWDQWV�DUH�DWWUDFWHG�E\�D�QHJDWLYH�PLFHOOH��ZKDW�LQYROYHV�WKHLQFUHDVH�RI�WKHLU�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RQ�D�PLFHOOH��6'6�PLFHOOHV�ERQG�+��LRQV�VR�LQ�SUHVHQFH�RI�6'6�WKH�PD[LPXP�RI�WKH�IXQFWLRQ�LV�VKLIWHG�WR�KLJKHUS+�YDOXHV�

7KH�UHDFWLRQ�PHFKDQLVP�ZDV�LQYHVWLJDWHG�DW�S+������LQ�SUHVHQFH�DQGDEVHQFH�RI�6'6�E\�IROORZLQJ�UDWH�FRQVWDQWV�DV�D�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WKH�FRQFHQ�WUDWLRQ�RI�WKH�OLJDQG�LQ�H[FHVV��$�OLQHDU�IXQFWLRQ��)LJXUH����LV�REWDLQHG�LQERWK�FDVHV��,W�FDQ�EH�LQWHUSUHWHG�E\�ZHOO�NQRZQ�HTXDWLRQV�RI�QXFOHRSKLOOLFVXSVWLWXWLRQV�LQ�VTXDUH�SODQDU�FRPSOH[HV��%XJDUaL`��������

k = K1 + K2 Clig ���ZKHUH�.�� LV�WKH�KLGURO\VLV�FRQVWDQW�DQG�.��LV� WKH�VHFRQG�RUGHU�UDWH�FRQVWDQW�$JUHHPHQW�ZLWK�WKDW�HTQ�FRQILUPV�WKDW�GLUHFW�QXFOHRSKLOOLF�DWWDFN�RI�¬6+�JURXS�RI�/�F\V�WHLQH�WDNHV�SODFH�LQ�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 25: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

,YDQD�9XNaHYL`�L�#HOMNR�-DQL`LMHYL`

1RYL�DVSHNWL�SULPHQH�DFLGR�ED]QHWLWUDFLMH�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNHNLVHOLQH

&LOM�RYRJ�UDGD�MH�ELR�UD]YLMDQMH�DOWHUQDWLYQLK�PHWRGD�]D�NYDQWLWDWLYQR�RGUH_LYDQMHDVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�]DVQRYDQLK�QD�DFLGR�ED]QRM�WLWUDFLML��8�UDGX�VX�VD�VWDQG�DUGQRP�PHWRGRP�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH��MRGLPHWULMD��XSRUH_LYDQHVOHGH`H�PHWRGH��DFLGR�ED]QH� WLWUDFLMH�X]������ IHQROIWDOHLQ����� IHQROIWDOHLQ�� WL�PROSODYR� L� EURPWLPROSODYR� NDR� LQGLNDWRUH�� NRQGXNWRPHWULMVND� L� S+�PHWULMVNDDFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD��5H]XOWDWL�VX�SRND]DOL�GD�VX�QDMEROMH�DOWHUQDWLYQH�PHWRGH�]DRGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�X]����IHQROIWDOHLQ�L�DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�X]�EURPWLPROSODYR�NDR�LQGLNDWRU�MHU�LPDMX�ODNR�XRaOMLY�SUHOD]�ERMHX�]DYU^QRM�WDaNL�WLWUDFLMH��8WYU_HQR�MH�L�GD�VX�SUHGORCHQH�PHWRGH�SUHFL]QLMH�RGVWDQGDUGQH�PHWRGH�

8YRG$VNRUELQVND�NLVHOLQD�LOL�YLWDPLQ�&�MH�GHULYDW�^H`HUD�L�VSDGD�X

KLGURVROXELOQH�YLWDPLQH��2YD�NLVHOLQD�QHRSKRGQD�MH�X�OMXGVNRP�RUJDQL]PXSUL�KLGURNVLODFLML�SUROLQD�X�WRNX�VLQWH]H�NRODJHQD�D�XaHVWYXMH�L�X�GUXJLPRNVLGR�UHGXNFLRQLP�UHDNFLMDPD�X�PHWDEROL]PX��*X\WRQ��+DOO��������

3UHPD�YUHGQRVWLPD�NRQVWDQWL�GLVRFLMDFLMH� WR� MH�VODED�NLVHOLQD�S.�� �������S.�� ��������

0RCH�SRVWRMDWL�X�GYD�REOLND��RNVLGRYDQRP�L�UHGXNRYDQRP�

1D�VOLFL���SULND]DQD�MH�UDVSRGHOD�UD]OLaLWLK�MRQVNLK�REOLND�DVNRUELQVNHNLVHOLQH��+�$VF�¬�QHGLVRVRYDQ�REOLN��+$VF¬�¬�MHGQRP�GLVRVRYDQD�DVNRU�ELQVND�NLVHOLQD��$VF�¬�¬�GYD�SXWD�GLVRVRYDQD�DVNRUELQVND�NLVHOLQD��X�]DY�LVQRVWL�RG�S+�UDVWYRUD�

,YDQD�9XNaHYL`��������@XSULMD�6WHYDQD�6UHPFD���XaHQLFD����UD]UHGD*LPQD]LMH�X�@XSULML#HOMNR�-DQL`LMHYL`��������%R^QMDQH�XaHQLN����UD]UHGD*LPQD]LMH�X�3DUD`LQX0(1725��,JRU�3D^WL��)DNXOWHW]D�IL]LaNX�KHPLMX�X%HRJUDGX

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 26: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

0HWRGD�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�NRMX�SURSLVXMH�)DUPDNR�SHMD��3K��-XJ��9��MH�GLUHNWQD�MRGLPHWULMVND�WLWUDFLMD�X]�VNURE�NDR�LQGLNDWRU�2QD�VH�]DVQLYD�QD�UHGXNFLML�MRGD�DVNRUELQVNRP�NLVHOLQRP�SUHPD�MHGQDaLQL�

5DQLMD�LVSLWLYDQMD��0LOXWLQRYL`��9XORYL`�������SROD]QLND�SURJUDPDKHPLMH�X�,VWUDCLYDaNRM�VWDQLFL�3HWQLFD�SRND]DOD�VX�GD�VH�]D�RGUH_LYDQMHDVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�PRCH�SULPHQMLYDWL�L�MHGQRVWDYQD�DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD]DVQRYDQD�QD�VOHGH`RM�UHDNFLML��

,VSLWLYDQMHP�MH�XWYU_HQR�GD�QHPD�VWDWLVWLaNL�]QDaDMQH�UD]OLNH�L]PH_XUH]XOWDWD�GRELMHQLK�PHWRGRP�DFLGR�ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�L�PHWRGRP�NRMX�SUR�SLVXMH�)DUPDNRSHMD��6�GUXJH�VWUDQH��X�SRPHQXWRP�UDGX�QLMH�MDVQR�QD]�QDaHQR� NRMD� MH� NRQFHQWUDFLMD� NRUL^`HQRJ� DFLGR�ED]QRJ� LQGLNDWRUD�IHQROIWDOHLQD���D�NDR�JODYQL�QHGRVWDWDN�QDYRGL�VH�VODER�L]UDCHQD�]DYU^QDWDaND�WLWUDFLMH��0H_XWLP��PHWRGD�DFLGR�ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�MH�RNR����SXWD�MHIW�LQLMD�RG�GLUHNWQH�MRGLPHWULMH��VWRJD�MH�RG�LQWHUHVD�QDVWDYLWL�UD]YRM�RYH�PH�WRGH��0LOXWLQRYL`��9XORYL`�������

6OLND����5DVSRGHOD�UD]OLaLWLKREOLND�DVNRUELQVNHNLVHOLQH�X�]DYLVQRVWLRG�S+�YUHGQRVWL)LJXUH���'LVWULEXWLRQ�RIGLIIHUHQW�DVFRUELF�DFLGIRUPV�GHSHQGHQW�IURPWKH�S+�YDOXH

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 27: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

&LOM�RYRJ�UDGD�ELOR�MH�UD]YLMDQMH�DOWHUQDWLYQLK�PHWRGD�]D�NYDQWLWDWLYQRRGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�]DVQRYDQLK�QD�DFLGR�ED]QRM�WLWUDFLML�

2SLV�DQDOL]LUDQLK�PHWRGD2SWLPL]DFLMD�PHWRGD�X�RYRP�UDGX�VDVWRMDOD�VH�X�SURQDODCHQMX

RGJRYDUDMX`HJ�LQGLNDWRUD�aLMD�VH�SURPHQD�ERMH�GH^DYD�QD�LQWHUYDOX�S+�NRMLREXKYDWD�S+�YUHGQRVW�WHRULMVNH�HNYLYDOHQWQH�WDaNH�WLWUDFLMH�LOL�MH�X�EOL]LQLS+�YUHGQRVWL�WHRULMVNH�HNYLYDOHQWQH�WDaNH�WLWUDFLMH��L�NRML�RPRJX`DYD�XMHG�QR�L�ODN^H�RSDCDQMH�SURPHQH�ERMH��7DNR_H�VX�DQDOL]LUDQH�L�HOHNWURKHPLMVNHPHWRGH�GD�EL�VH�L�QMLKRYD�SUHFL]QRVW�XSRUHGLOD�VD�VWDQGDUGQRP�PHWRGRP�

8�HNVSHULPHQWDOQRP�GHOX�UDGD�XSRUH_LYDQH�VX�VOHGH`H�PHWRGH�]DNYDQWLWDWLYQR�RGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�

¬ GLUHNWQD�MRGLPHWULMVND�WLWUDFLMD��3K��-XJ��9��¬ DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP�X]�������PDVHQL�

IHQROIWDOHLQ�NDR�LQGLNDWRU¬ DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP�X]�����PDVHQL�

IHQROIWDOHLQ�NDR�LQGLNDWRU�¬ DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP�X]�������Z�Y�WL�

PROSODYR�NDR�LQGLNDWRU¬ DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP�X]������Z�Y�EURPWL�

PROSODYR�NDR�LQGLNDWRU¬ NRQGXNWRPHWULMVND�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP��SUD`HQMH�WLWUDFLMH

MH�YU^HQR�VD�S+�(&�7'6�PHWURP��+,�������+DQQD�,QVWUXPHQWV�¬ S+�PHWULMVND�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP��SUD`HQMH�WLWUDFLMH��MH

YU^HQR�VD�S+�(&�7'6�PHWURP��+,�������+DQQD�,QVWUXPHQWV�$FLGR�ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�XUD_HQH�VX�QD�VOHGH`L�QDaLQ�2GPHUHQR�MH�����J�X]RUND�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH��0HUFN��S�D���L

UDVWYRUHQR�X����FP��GHVWLORYDQH�YRGH��8�UDVWYRU�VX�GRGDWH�GYH�NDSLRGJRYDUDMX`HJ� LQGLNDWRUD�� D� ]DWLP� MH� UDVWYRU� WLWURYDQ�VWDQGDUGQLPUDVWYRURP�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGD���������PROGP¬���GR�SURPHQH�ERMH�

(OHNWURKHPLMVNH�PHWRGH��NRQGXNWRPHWULMD�L�S+�PHWULMD��XUD_HQH�VXQD�VOHGH`L�QDaLQ�

2GPHUHQR�MH�����J�X]RUND�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�L�UDVWYRUHQR�X����FP�GHVWLORYDQH�YRGH��=DWLP�MH�UDVWYRU�WLWURYDQ�VWDQGDUGQLP�UDVWYRURP�QDWUL�MXP�KLGURNVLGD��D�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�PHWRGH�PHUHQL�VX�VSHFLILaQD�SUR�YRGOMLYRVW�LOL�S+�YUHGQRVW�UDVWYRUD�

6YDNRP�RG�SRPHQXWLK�PHWRGD�RGUH_LYDQD�MH�PDVD�DVNRUELQVNHNLVHOLQH�X�GHVHW�X]RUDND�

0DVH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�RGUH_HQH�X�X]RUNX�SULPHQRP�SRPHQXWLKPHWRGD�SUHUDaXQDWH�VX�QD�SURFHQWQL�VDGUCDM�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�X�X]RUNX�

7UHED�QDSRPHQXWL�GD�MH�UDVWYRU�MRGD�NRUL^`HQ�SUL�MRGLPHWULMVNRPRGUH_LYDQMX�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�SR�3K��-XJ��9�VWDQGDUGL]RYDQ�VWDQG�DUGQLP�UDVWYRURP�1D�6�2���D�QH�UDVWYRURP�$V�2���5DVWYRU�1D�6�2��MH

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 28: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

VWDQGDUGL]RYDQ�UDVWYRURP�.�&U�2��NDR�SULPDUQLP�VWDQGDUGRP��6DYL`�L6DYL`�������

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD5H]XOWDWL�GRELMHQL�VYLP�DQDOL]LUDQLP�PHWRGDPD�]D�NYDQWLWDWLYQR

RGUH_LYDQMH�VDGUCDMD�YLWDPLQD�&�X�aLVWRP�X]RUNX�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�GDWLVX�X�WDEHOL����

7DEHOD����3URFHQWQL�VDGUCDM�YLWDPLQD�&�X�X]RUNX�-RG $ONDOLPHWULMD .RQG S+

�����II �����II �����WS �����EWSµ���� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ���� �����σ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���V���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����II�¬�IHQROIWDOHLQ��WS��WLPROSODYR��EWS�¬�EURPWLPROSODYR��.RQG�¬�NRQGXNWRPHWULMD��S+�¬S+�PHWULMDµ�¬�VUHGQMD�YUHGQRVW�RGUH_HQRJ�SURFHQWQRJ�VDGUCDMD�X�X]RUNX��σ�¬�VWDQGDUGQDGHYLMDFLMD��V�¬�VWDQGDUGQD�JUH^ND

�,]�GRELMHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�PRCH�VH�]DNOMXaLWL�GD�VX�VYH�PHWRGH�DFLGR�

ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�SUHFL]QLMH�RG�GLUHNWQH�MRGLPHWULMH��NRMD�VSDGD�X�JUXSX�RN�VLGR�UHGXNFLRQLK�WLWUDFLMD���GRN�MH�SRVOHGQMD�SUHFL]QLMD�RG�REH�LVSLWLYDQHHOHNWURKHPLMVNH�PHWRGH�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�]DYU^QH�WDaNH�WLWUDFLMH��'DNOH�VYDND�RG�PHWRGD�DFLGR�ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�X]�LQGLNDWRU��DONDOLPHWULMVNLK�PHWRGD�LPD�PDQMX�VWDQGDUGQX�GHYLMDFLMX�L�PDQMX�VWDQGDUGQX�JUH^NX�VUHGQMH�YUHGQRVWL�

6OLND���.RQGXNWRPHWULMVND�LS+�PHWULMVNDWLWUDFLRQD�NULYD�]DWLWUDFLMX�DVNRUELQVNHNLVHOLQH�UDVWYRURP1D2+

)LJXUH��&RQGXFWRPHWULF�DQGS+�PHWULF�WLWUDWLRQFXUYHV�IRU�DVFRUELFDFLG�WLWUDWLRQ�ZLWKVRGLXP�K\GUR[LGHVROXWLRQ

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 29: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

QD�RVQRYX�aHJD�EL�VH�PRJOR�]DNOMXaLWL�GD�VX�VYH�aHWLUL�PHWRGH�VNRUR�MHG�QDNR�XSRWUHEOMLYH�]D�RYDNYX�YUVWX�RGUH_LYDQMD��0H_XWLP��SRWUHEQR�MH�LUD]PDWUDQMH� NRUHNWQRVWL� SULPHQH� RYLK�PHWRGD� VD� KHPLMVNRJ� DVSHNWD�

9H`D�SUHFL]QRVW�WLWUDFLMH�X]�WLPROSODYR�L�EURPWLPROSODYR�PRCH�VH�RE�MDVQLWL�WLPH�^WR�VX�RQL�]D�UD]OLNX�RG�IHQROIWDOHLQD�GYRERMQL�LQGLNDWRUL��VDSUHOD]RP�ERMH�L]�CXWH�X�SODYX�NRML�VH�PQRJR�ODN^H�RSDCD�RG�SUHOD]DIHQROIWDOHLQD��/R^L�UH]XOWDWL�HOHNWURKHPLMVNLK�PHWRGD�PRJX�VH�REMDVQLWLQHSUDYLOQLP�IXQNFLRQLVDQMHP�PHUQLK�XUH_DMD�L�PDORP�UH]ROXFLMRP�

1D�RVQRYX�YUHGQRVWL�S.��L�S.��DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�PRCH�VH�SRND]DWLGD�MH�HNYLYDOHQWQD�WDaND�DFLGR�ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�MDNRPED]RP�QD�S+� �������6DYL`�L�6DYL`��������1D�RVQRYX�RYRJD�PRCH�VH�RE�MDVQLWL�RGVWXSDQMH�UH]XOWDWD�WLWUDFLMH�SUL������IHQROIWDOHLQRP�aLML�VH�SUHOD]ERMH�GH^DYD�X�LQWHUYDOX�S+����������,]�L]QHVHQRJ�VOHGL�GD�VH�X�RYRPVOXaDMX�MDYOMD�]DNDVQHOD�]DYU^QD�WDaND��.DNR�ERMD�UDVWYRUD�MHGQRERMQRJ�LQ�GLNDWRUD�]DYLVL�VDPR�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�RERMHQRJ�REOLND�LQGLNDWRUD��VOHGL�GD`H�VH�SUL�YH`LP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD�IHQROIWDOHLQD�SURPHQD�ERMH�UDQLMH�XRaLWL�^WR�VH�YLGL�QD�VOLFL���

=D�UD]OLNX�RG�MHGQRERMQLK�LQGLNDWRUD��ERMD�UDVWYRUD�GYRERMQLK�LQGLND�WRUD�]DYLVL�RG�RGQRVD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�NLVHORJ�L�ED]QRJ�REOLND��,]�WRJ�UD]ORJDSRYH`DQMHP�XNXSQH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�GYRERMQRJ�LQGLNDWRUD�GRELMD�VH�VDPR�LQ�WHQ]LYQLMD�ERMD�UDVWYRUD��2YR�REMD^QMDYD�RGVWXSDQMH�UH]XOWDWD�WLWUDFLMH�X]�WL�PROSODYR�aLML�VH�LQWHUYDO�SURPHQH�ERMH�QDOD]L�X�RSVHJX�S+���������SD�VH�NDR�L�X�VOXaDMX������IHQROIWDOHLQD��MDYOMD�]DNDVQHOD�]DYU^QD�WDaND�L�RYD�PH�WRGD�MH�RSWHUH`HQD�YH`RP�VLVWHPDWVNRP�JUH^NRP��6�GUXJH�VWUDQH��EURPWL�PROSODYR�LPD�LQWHUYDO�SURPHQH�ERMH�X�RSVHJX�S+�RG�����GR�����SD�VH�X

6OLND����5DVSRGHOD�NLVHORJ�LED]QRJ�REOLND������L�����IHQROIWDOHLQD�XUDVWYRUX��SURPHQDERMH�MH�QD�VWUPRPGHOX�NULYLK�)LJXUH���'LVWULEXWLRQ�RI�DFLGDQG�EDVHSKHQROSKWKDOHLQHIRUPV�LQ�WKH�VROXWLRQ�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 30: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

RYRP�VOXaDMX�MDYOMD�SUHXUDQMHQD�]DYU^QD�WDaND�WLWUDFLMH��0H_XWLP��NDNR�VHSUHOD]�ERMH�MDYOMD�QD�X]OD]QRP�GHOX�WLWUDFLRQH�NULYH��D�VDPD�WHKQLNDWLWUDFLMH�X]�GYRERMQL�LQGLNDWRU�]DKWHYD�GD�VH�SUHOD]�ERMH�L]YU^L�X�SRW�SXQRVWL��PRJX`H�MH�REMDVQLWL�GREUR�VODJDQMH�DFLGR�ED]QH�WLWLUDFLMH�X]EURPWLPROSODYR�NDR�LQGLNDWRU�L�VWDQGDUGQH�PHWRGH�

=DNOMXaDN,]�UH]XOWDWD�SURL]LOD]L�GD�VH�PRJX�SUHGORCLWL�GYH�DOWHUQDWLYQH�PHWRGH

]D�NYDQWLWDWLYQR�RGUH_LYDQMH�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�L�WR��DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMDQDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP�X]����IHQROIWDOHLQ�L�DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�KLGURNVLGRP�X]�EURPWLPROSODYR�NDR�LQGLNDWRU��0H_XWLP��]D�aLVWH�X]RUNHDVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�DFLGR�ED]QD�WLWUDFLMD�EL�VH�PRJOD�SRND]DWL�NDR�EROMDPHWRGD�RG�VWDQGDUGQH�MHU�VH�DVNRUELQVND�NLVHOLQD�X�UDVWYRUX�YUOR�EU]R�RN�VLGXMH�YD]GX^QLP�NLVHRQLNRP��SD�VH�RNVLGRYDQL�GHR�X]RUND�QH�PRCHRGUHGLWL�VWDQGDUGQRP�MRGLPHWULMVNRP�PHWRGRP��6�GUXJH�VWUDQH��GHKLGUR�DVNRUELQVND�NLVHOLQD�LPD�S.� ������.ULVV��.XEDURYD�������^WR�]QDaL�GD�MHMDaD�RG�DVNRUELQVNH�NLVHOLQH�L�DFLGR�ED]QRP�WLWUDFLMRP�RGUH_XMHPR�LK�XVPH^L��.DR�PRJX`QRVW�]D�GDOMD�LVWUDCLYDQMD�SUHGODCH�VH�SURYHUD�SRVOHGQMHJWYU_HQMD�L�GDOMH�LVSLWLYDQMH�PRJX`QRVWL�RGUH_LYDQMD�]DYU^QH�WDaNH�WLWUDFLMHHOHNWURKHPLMVNLP�PHWRGDPD��NRQGXNWRPHWULMD��S+�PHWULMD�L�SRWHQFLRPHWULMD��

=DKYDOQRVW��3RVHEQX�]DKYDOQRVW�GXJXMHPR�,JRUX�3D^WLMX��QD^HP�PHQ�WRUX�L�POD_HP�VDUDGQLNX�QD�VHPLQDULPD�KHPLMH��]D�YHOLNX�SRPR`�SUL�L]UDGLSURMHNWD�L�VWDWLVWLaNRM�REUDGL�UH]XOWDWD��7DNR_H�VH�]DKYDOMXMHPR�GU�'HQLVX#LOLQX�NRML�MH�SUDWLR�UDG�VYLK�SROD]QLND�L�XND]LYDR�XQDSUHG�QD�PRJX`HSURSXVWH�SUL�L]UDGL�SURMHNDWD��

/LWHUDWXUD$^SHUEHUJ�6��������NRQGXNWRPHWULMD��8�/DERUDWRUMVNL�SULUXaQLN��HG��,�)LOLSRYL`�L�3��6DELRQFHOOR���=DJUHE��7HKQLaND�NQMLJD*X\WRQ�$��+DOO�-��������0HGLFLQVND�IL]LRORJLMD��%HRJUDG��6DYUHPHQD�DG�PLQLVWUDFLMD.ULVV�(���.XUEDWRYD�*��������=K��1HRUJ��.KLP�����������������0LOXWLQRYL`�0���9XORYL`�%���������3RUH_HQMH�NLVHOLQVNR�ED]QH�WLWUDFLMH�VDMRGLPHWULMVNLP�PHWRGDPD�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�YLWDPLQD�&��3HWQLaNH�VYHVNH��������0LUQLN�0��������3RWHQFLRPHWULMVND�RGUH_LYDQMD��8�/DERUDWRUMVNLSULUXaQLN���HG��,��)LOLSRYL`�L�3��6DELRQFHOOR���=DJUHE��7HKQLaND�NQMLJD3K��-XJ��9�������-XJRVORYHQVND�IDUPDNRSHMD�������9�L]GDQMH��SULODJR_HQLSUHYRG�(YURSVNH�IDUPDNRSHMH���%HRJUDG��6DYUHPHQD�DGPLQLVWUDFLMD6DYL`�-���6DYL`�0��������2VQRYL�DQDOLWLaNH�KHPLMH��.ODVLaQH�PHWRGH��,,,L]GDQMH��6DUDMHYR��6YMHWORVW

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 31: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

,YDQD�9XNaHYL`�DQG�#HOMNR�-DQL`LMHYL`1HZ�$VSHFWV�RI�$SSO\LQJ�$FLG�EDVH�7LWUDWLRQV�IRU�$VFRUELF$FLG�'HWHUPLQDWLRQ

7KH�SXUSRVH�RI�WKLV�SDSHU�ZDV�WR�GHYHORSH�DOWHUQDWLYH�PHWKRGV�IRUTXDQWLWDWLYH�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�DVFRUELF�DFLG�EDVHG�RQ�DFLG�EDVH�WLWUDWLRQV��,QWKH�SDSHU�VWDQGDUG�LRGLPHWULF�WLWUDWLRQ�ZDV�FRPSDUHG�ZLWK�WKH�IROORZLQJPHWKRGV��DFLG�EDVH�WLWUDWLRQV�ZLWK������SKHQROSKWKDOHLQH�����SKHQRO�SKWKDOHLQH��WK\PRO�EOXH�DQG�EURPR�WK\PRO�EOXH�DV�LQLGLFDWRUV��FRQGXF�WRPHWLF�DQG�S+�PHWULF�WLWUDWLRQV�

6WDWLVWLFDO�DQDO\VLV�RI�WKH�UHVXOWV�VKRZHG�WKDW�HYHU\�PHWKRG�LV�PRUHDFFXUDWH�WKDQ�WKH�VWDQGDUG�PHWKRG��H[FHSW�HOHFWURFKHPLFDO�PHWKRGV��([SOD�QDWLRQ�IRU�WKH�KLJKHU�DFFXUDF\�RI�DFLG�EDVH�WLWUDWLRQV�ZLWK�WK\PRO�EOXH�DQGEURPR�WK\PRO�EOXH�FDQ�EH�IRXQG�LQ�WKH�IDFW�WKDW�WKH\�DUH�WZR�FRORU�LQGL�FDWRUV�VR�WKH\�KDYH�PRUH�REYLRXV�FRORU�FKDQJH��7KH�SRRU�UHVXOWV�REWDLQHGE\�HOHFWURFKHPLFDO�PHWKRGV�PD\�EH�H[SODLQHG�ZLWK�LQFRUHFW�IXQFWLRQLQJ�RIWKH�PHDVXULQJ�HTXLSPHQW�DQG�ORZ�UHVROXWLRQ�

%DVHG�RQ�WKH�REWDLQHG�GDWD�LW�LV�SRVVLEOH�WR�SURSRVH�WZR�DOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGV�IRU�TXDQWLWDWLYH�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�DVFRUELF�DFLG��DFLG�EDVH�WLWUDWLRQE\�VRGLXP�K\GUR[LGH�ZLWK����SKHQROSKWKDOHLQH�DQG�DFLG�EDVH�WLWUDWLRQ�E\VRGLXP�K\GUR[LGH�ZLWK�EURPR�WK\PRO�EOXH�DV�LQGLFDWRU��

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 32: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

9ODGLPLU�3URNRSRYL`

(ILNDVQRVW�SURGXNFLMHSHURNVLQLWULWD��2212¬��L]UD]OLaLWLK�GLQLWUR]LO�JYRC_HNRPSOHNVD��'1,&��SULDHUREQLP�XVORYLPD

$]RW�PRQRNVLG��12��MH�VYHSULVXWQL�`HOLMVNL�JODVQLNNRML� X� OMXGVNRP� RUJDQL]PX� UHJXOL^H� YHOLNL� EURMSURFHVD��DOL�QMHJRYD�SUHNRPHUQD�SURGXNFLMD�GRSUL�QRVL� SDWRORJLML� UD]QLK� EROHVWL�� 3DWROR^NL� HIHNWLXJODYQRP� VX�SRYH]DQL� VD�JHQHULVDQMHP� UHDNWLYQLKD]RWQLK�YUVWD��516�UHDFWLYH�QLWURJHQ�VSHFLHV���NDR^WR�MH�SHURNVLQLWULW��2122¬��NRML�QDVWDMH�X�UHDNFLML12�VD�VXSHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDORP��2��¬���3HURNVL�QLWULW��NRML�MH�LQDaH�MDN�RNVLGDFLRQL�L�QLWUXMX`L�DJHQV�VPDWUD�VH�JODYQLP�PHGLMDWRURP�12¬�LQGXNRYDQH�FL�WRWRNVLaQRVWL�� 1LWURNVLO� �12¬��� NDR� L� QLWUR]RQLMXP�12���YUVWD��SURGXNW�MH�GLQLWUR]LO�JYRC_H�NRPSOHNVD�'1,&��SRVUHGRYDQH�GLVPXWDFLMH�12��&LOM�UDGD�ELRMH�GD�VH�XSRUHGL�HILNDVQRVW�SURGXNFLMH�SHURNVLQLWULWDL]�UD]OLaLWLK�'1,�NRPSOHNVD�X�DHUREQLP�XVORYLPD�.DR�OLJDQGL�X�'1,�NRPSOHNVLPD�NRUL^`HQL�VX�FLVWHLQ�&\V��� JOXWDWLRQ� �*6+�� L� JRYH_L� VHUXP� DOEXPLQ�%6$���)RUPLUDQMH�SHURNVLQLWULWD�]DEHOHCHQR�MH�YH`SUL� SUYRP� GRGDWNX� D]RW� PRQRNVLGD� X� VYLPVOXaDMHYLPD��QH]DYLVQR�RG�WLSD�OLJDQGD��&LVWHLQVNL�LJOXWDWLRQVNL�NRPSOHNVL�SRND]DOL�VX�VH�NDR�NRPSOHNVLNRML�LQGXNXMX�QDMPDQMX�SURGXNFLMX�SHURNVLQLWULWD�^WRMH�X]URNRYDQR�QHVWDELOQR^`X�VDPLK�NRPSOHNVD��GRNVH� L]� DOEXPLQVNRJ� NRPSOHNVD� IRUPLUDOD� QDMYH`DNROLaLQD�SHURNVLQLWULWD�� 6YL� HNVSHULPHQWL� UD_HQL� VXSDUDOHOQR�X�SULVXVWYX�HQ]LPD�0Q62'�NRML�XNODQMD2��¬�QHRSKRGDQ�]D�IRUPLUDQMH�SHURNVLQLWULWD��5H]XO�WDWL�RYLK�HNVSHULPHQDWD�SRWYUGLOL�VX�SRVWRMDQMH�PH�KDQL]PD�QDVWDMDQMD�2212¬�RG�12¬�L�2��SUHNR�12L�2���

8YRG�$]RW�PRQRNVLG��12��MH�VYHSULVXWQL�̀ HOLMVNL�JODV�

QLN�NRML�UHJXOL^H�EURMQH�IL]LROR^NH�SURFHVH��DOL�QMH�JRYD�SUHNRPHUQD�SURGXNFLMD�]QDaDMQR�GRSULQRVLUD]YRMX�UD]QLK�EROHVWL��0RQFDGD�HW�DO��������(LVHULFKHW�DO���������3DWROR^NL�HIHNWL�VX�SRYH]DQL�VD�JHQHUL�VDQMHP�UHDNWLYQLK�D]RWQLK�YUVWD��516��UHDFWLYH�QLWUR�JHQ�VSHFLHV��NDR�^WR�MH�SHURNVLQLWULW��2122���NRMLQDVWDMH�X�UHDNFLML�12�VD�VXSHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDORP�2��¬���3HURNVLQLWULW��NRML�MH�LQDaH�MDN�RNVLGDFLRQL�LQLWUXMX`L�DJHQV��VPDWUD�VH�JODYQLP�PHGLMDWRURP�12¬LQGXNRYDQH�FLWRWRNVLaQRVWL��(LVHULFK�HW�DO�������*URYHV�������

6XSHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDO��2��¬�� QDVWDMH� NDRVSRUHGQL�SURL]YRG�X�QRUPDOQRP�DHUREQRP�PHWDER�OL]PX��D�QMHJRYD�SURGXNFLMD�PRCH�ELWL�SRYH`DQD�XUD]QLP�SDWROR^NLP�VWDQMLPD��8ORJD�HQ]LPD�VXSHURN�VLG�GLVPXWD]H��62'��MH�GD�NDWDOL]XMH�GLVSURSRUFLRQL�VDQMH� VXSHURNVLG� DQMRQ� UDGLNDOD� X� NLVHRQLN� LYRGRQLN�SHURNVLG� �)ULGRYLFK������� �)ULGRYLFK������

�2��¬����+��→�2����+�2������62'��(NVSHULPHQWL�LQ�YLWUR�VX�SRND]DOL�GD�12�L�2��¬

UHDJXMX�EU]R��NRQVWDQWD�EU]LQH��⋅����0¬�V¬���WDNR�GDMH�UHDNFLMD�NRQWUROLVDQD�EU]LQRP�GLIX]LMH�UHDNWDQDWD��SUL�aHPX�QDVWDMH�L]X]HWQR�UHDNWLYQL�SURL]YRG��SHUR�NVLQLWULW��+XLH�L�3DGPDMD�������

12���2��¬�→�2122¬�0H_XWLP��SHURNVLQLWULW�PRCH�QDVWDWL�L�QD�DOWHUQD�

WLYQL�QDaLQ�X�UHDNFLML�12¬�VD�NLVHRQLNRP��6PDWUD�VHGD�RYD�UHDNFLMD�WHaH�SUHNR�LQWHUPHGLMHUD��12�L�2�¬��

12¬���2���→�[12���2�¬]��→�2122¬

'LUHNWQL�GRND]L�]D�QDVWDMDQMH�SHURNVLQLWULWD�LQYLYR�]D�VDGD�QH�SRVWRMH��GRN�VX�LQGLUHNWQL�GRND]L�NR�QWUDGLNWRUQL��.ROLaLQD�SHURNVLQLWULWD�NRML�EL�PRJDR�GD

9ODGLPLU�3URNRSRYL`���������/HVNRYDF��9RCGRYD����XaHQLN����UD]UHGD�*LPQD]LMH�X�/HVNRYFX0(1725��0LOR^�)LOLSRYL`��+HPLMVNL�IDNXOWHW�X�%HRJUDGX

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 33: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

QDVWDQH�LQ�YLYR�]DYLVL`H�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�12�L�VX�SHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDOD��NRMH�`H�RSHW�]DYLVLWL��V�MHGQHVWUDQH�RG�SURGXNFLMH�RYLK�UDGLNDOD��D�VD�GUXJH��RG�QML�KRYLK�UHDNFLMD�VD�ELRPROHNXOLPD��)XNXWR�L�,JQDUUR�������

3HURNVLQLWULWQL�DQMRQ�2122¬�MH�YHRPD�UHDN�WLYQD�YUVWD��1D�IL]LROR^NRP�S+�2122¬�EU]R�VH�SUR�WRQXMH�GR�QHVWDELOQH�L�YUOR�UHDNWLYQH�SHURNVLD]RWDVWHNLVHOLQH��+2¬2¬1 2���NRMD�VH�UDVSDGD�SUHNR�QL]DUHDNWLYQLK�LQWHUPHGLMHUD�GR�QLWUDWD�L��PDQMLP�GHORP�GR�QLWULWD��3HURNVLQLWULWQL�DQMRQ�GRGDW�`HOLMDPD�WNLYLPD�LOL�WHOHVQLP�WHaQRVWLPD��EU]R�VH�SURWRQXMHGR�SHURNVLD]RWDVWH�NLVHOLQH��̂ WR�GRYRGL�GR�RNVLGDFLMH6+�JUXSD�L�GUXJLK�DQWLRNVLGDQDVD��RNVLGDFLMH�OLSLGD�FHSDQMD�ODQDFD�'1.��QLWURYDQMD�L�GH]DPLQDFLMH�QXN�OHLQVNLK�ED]D��1DMYL^H�L]XaDYDQD�UHDNFLMD�SHURNVLQL�WULWD�VD�SURWHLQLPD�MH�UHDNFLMD�QLWURYDQMD�RVWDWDNDWLUR]LQD�JGH�VH�GRELMD�QLWURWLUR]LQ��1LWURYDQMH�RVWD�WDND�WLUR]LQD�LQ�YLYR�aHVWR�VH�X]LPD�NDR�LQGLNDFLMDJHQHULVDQMD�SHURNVLQLWULWD��SRG�GDWLP��SDWR��IL]L�ROR^NLP�XVORYLPD��6YH�RYH�UHDNFLMH�PRJX�LPDWL�SR�WHQFLMDOQR�^WHWQH�SRVOHGLFH�]D�ELROR^NH�VLVWHPH�.RSSHQRO�HW�DO��������.RSSHQRO�������+DOOLZHOO�L*XWWHULGJH�������

8�SUHWKRGQRP�LVSLWLYDQMX��3URNRSRYL`�������RGLVPXWDFLML��SURFHV�LVWRYUHPHQH�RNVLGDFLMH�L�UHGXN�FLMH��D]RW�PRQRNVLGD�SRVUHGVWYRP�UD]OLaLWLK�'1,&�HQJ��GLQLWURV\O�LURQ�FRPSOH[��SRND]DQR�MH�GD�QDV�WDMH�QLWURNVLO�DQMRQ��12¬���7DNR_H��ELOR�MH�LQGLNDFLMDGD�QDVWDMH�L�SHURNVLQLWULW��=ERJ�WRJD��LGHMD�L�FLOM�UDGDELOL�VX�GD�VH�LVSLWD�GD�OL�SUL�GLVPXWDFLML�D]RW�PRQRN�VLGD�SRVUHGVWYRP�UD]OLaLWLK�NRPSOHNVD�GLQLWUR]LO�JYRC_D�SUL�DHUREQLP�XVORYLPD�QDVWDMH�L�SHURNVLQLWULWL�GD�OL�X�VOXaDMX�SURWHLQVNLK�'1,�NRPSOHNVD�QDVWDMHQLWURWLUR]LQ�NDR�GLUHNWQD�SRVOHGLFD�IRUPLUDQMD�SHUR�NVLQLWULWD��7DNR_H��LVSLWDQR�MH�L�GD�OL�VH�UDGL�R�JRUHSRPHQXWRP�PHKDQL]PX�IRUPLUDQMD�SHURNVLQLWULWD��

0DWHULMDO�L�PHWRGH6YH�VXSVWDQFH�NRUL^`HQH�X�HNVSHULPHQWLPD�ELOH

VX�S�D��aLVWR`H�3ULSUHPDQMH�UDVWYRUD�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD��$]RW�

PRQRNVLG�NRUL^`HQ�X�RYRP�UDGX�SULSUHPOMHQ�MHSUHPD�PRGLILNRYDQRP�SRVWXSNX�/HH�HW�DO���������>HPD�DSDUDWXUH�]D�GRELMDQMH�L�XYR_HQMH�12�X�X]RUNHSULND]DQD�MH�QD�VOLFL���

8NUDWNR��NUR]�DSDUDWXUX�VH�QDMSUH���K�SURSX^WDDUJRQ�NDNR�EL�VH�XNORQLR�VDY�SULVXWDQ�NLVHRQLN��D]DWLP�VH�XNDSDYD�UDVWYRU�QDWULMXP�QLWULWD�X�NLVHOL

UDVWYRU�)H62��X]�QHSUHNLGDQR�PH^DQMH��12�NRML�VHL]GYDMD�VH�XYRGL�X�JDV�WLJKW�VWDNOHQX�ERaLFX�VD�VHS�WXPRP�QDSXQMHQX�GHVWLORYDQRP�YRGRP��7DNRSULSUHPOMHQRP�UDVWYRUX�12�RGUH_HQD�MH�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMD�QD�12�PHWUX��+DUYDUG�$SSDUDWXV��L�ELOD�MHFD�����P0�

8�FLOMX�L]YR_HQMD�RJOHGD�VLQWHWLVDQL�VX�FLVWHLQ�VNL��JOXWDWLRQVNL�L�DOEXPLQVNL�'1,�NRPSOHNVL�X�NRMHMH�GRGDYDQ�UDVWYRU�1$'+��6YL�HNVSHULPHQWL�UD_HQLVX�L�X�SULVXVWYX�HQ]LPD�0Q62'�VD�FLOMHP�GD�VHLVSLWD�PHKDQL]DP�IRUPLUDQMD�SHURNVLQLWULWD�RG�12¬L�2��SUHNR�12�L�2��6LQWH]D�NRPSOHNVD�L�RGUH_LYDQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH1$'+��RGQRVQR�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�1$'��EH]SULVXVWYD�HQ]LPD

�6D�&\V�L�*6+��X����P0�+(3(6�SXIHUD�GR�GDW�MH�OLJDQG�GR�����0�L�NLVHOL�UDVWYRU�)H62��GR����0��2YDM�UDVWYRU�NRUL^`HQ�MH�NDR�VOHSD�SURED�QD����QP��WM��QD�WDODVQRM�GXCLQL�QD�NRMRM�1$'+�LPDPDNVLPXP�DSVRUSFLMH��1DNRQ�VQLPDQMD�VOHSH�SUREHX�UDVWYRU�MH�GRGDW�1$'+�GR�����0��=DWLP�MH�XUDVWYRU�QD�VYDNLK�SHW�PLQXWD�GRGDYDQR�SR����O����P0�UDVWYRUD�12�L�PHUHQD�MH�DSVRUEDQFD�QD����QP��$SVRUSFLRQL�NRHILFLMHQW�1$'+�QD�����QP�MH�����FP¬�0¬���8�VYDNL�X]RUDN�GRGDWR�MH�XNXSQRSR����EROXVD�12��EROXV�¬�XQDSUHG�RGUH_HQD�]DSUH�PLQD�YRGHQRJ�UDVWYRUD�JDVD�SR]QDWH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH��

6D�%6$��6LQWH]D�NRPSOHNVD�VD�DOEXPLQRPLGHQWLaQD�MH�VLQWH]L�SUHWKRGQD�GYD�NRPSOHNVD��3RVOHVLQWH]H�VQLPOMHQ�MH�VSHNWDU�X�RSVHJX�WDODVQLK�GXCLQD��������QP�VD�FLOMHP�GD�VH�SRUHG�DSVRUEDQFH1$'+�QD�����QP�GHWHNWXMH�L�DSVRUSFLMD�QD�����QPNRMD�EL�SRWLFDOD�RG�QLWURWLUR]LQD��]D�aLMH�VX�IRUPL�UDQMH�SRVWRMDOH�LQGLNDFLMH�X�SUHWKRGQRP�UDGX��$S�

6OLND����$SDUDWXUD�]D�GRELMDQMH�L�XYR_HQMH�12)LJXUH����$SSDUDWXV�IRU�SUHSDUDWLRQ�RI�12�VROXWLRQV�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 34: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

VRUSFLRQL� NRHILFLMHQW�QLWURWLUR]LQD�QD�����QP�MH�����FP¬�0¬��6LQWH]D�NRPSOHNVD�L�RGUH_LYDQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH1$'+��RGQRVQR�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�1$'��X�SULVXVWYXHQ]LPD�

6D�&\V�L�*6+��VLQWH]D�NRPSOHNVD�X�SULVXVWYXHQ]LPD�UD]OLNXMH�VH�RG�VLQWH]H�NRPSOHNVD�EH]SULVXVWYD�HQ]LPD�SR�WRPH�^WR�MH�+(3(6�SXIHUX�GR�GDW�L�HQ]LP�DNWLYQRVWL����8PJ¬���RGQRV�]DSUHPLQDUDVWYRUD�L�GRGDWRJ�HQ]LPD�ELOD�MH��������D�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMD�1$'+�MH�RGUH_LYDQD�QD�LVWL�QDaLQ�NDR�L�XX]RUNX�EH]�HQ]LPD�

6D�%6$�� VLQWH]D�NRPSOHNVD� VD�DOEXPLQRPLGHQWLaQD�MH�VLQWH]L�SUHWKRGQD�GYD�NRPSOHNVD�XSULVXVWYX� HQ]LPD�� D�RGUH_LYDQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH1$'+�L]YRGL�VH�QD�LVWL�QDaLQ�NDR�L�X�DOEXPLQVNRP'1,�NRPSOHNVX�EH]�SULVXVWYD�HQ]LPD�

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD1DNRQ�VYLK�XUD_HQLK�HNVSHULPHQDWD�]DNOMXaLOL

VPR�GD�VX�UH]XOWDWL�RSUDYGDOL�WHRULMVND�RaHNLYDQMD�1D�VOLNDPD������L���X�VYLP�VOXaDMHYLPD�QH]DYLVQR�RGWLSD�OLJDQGD�GHWHNWRYDQ�MH�UDVW�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�1$'��3RUDVW�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�1$'��XVORYOMHQ�MH�RNVLGRYDQMHP

1$'+��2YR�SRWYU_XMH�UDQLMH�QDOD]H��.RSSHQRO������GD�MH�1$'+�RNVLGRYDQ�RG�VWUDQH�SHURNVLQL�WULWD�NRML�QDVWDMH�X�UHDNFLML�SURL]YRGD�GLVPXWDFLMH12��SUHFL]QLMH�RG�QLWURNVLO�YUVWH��L�NLVHRQLND��3URWH�LQVNL�'1,&��NDR�QDMVWDELOQLML�'1,&��SRVOH�SUYRJEROXVD�UDVWYRUD�12�QHSRVUHGQR�IRUPLUD�QDMPDQMX

6OLND����6XPLUDQL�SULND]�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�1$'��QDVWDOLK�L]UD]OLaLWLK�'1,&�X�XVORYLPD�VD�L�EH]�HQ]LPD��'1,&NRPSOHNVL�QDSUDYOMHQL�VX�L]�FLVWHLQD��JOXWDWLRQD�L�%6$�LX�X]RUFLPD�MH�RGUH_LYDQD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�1$'���6YLHNVSHULPHQWL�UD_HQL�X����VX�P0�+(3(6�SXIHUX�S+�����)LJXUH����6FKHPH�RI�VXPPDUL]HG�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�1$'��IRUPHGIURP�YDULRXV�'1,&V�LQ�FRQGLWLRQV�ZLWK�DQG�ZLWKRXW0Q62'��'1,&V�DUH�PDGH�IURP�F\VWHLQH��JOXWDWKLRQHDQG�%6$�DQG�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�1$'���$OO�H[SHULPHQWVZHUH�GRQH�LQ����P0�+(3(6�EXIIHU�S+�����

6OLND����.LQHWLND�QDVWDMDQMD�1$'��RNVLGRYDQMHP1$'+�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�12�X�UDVWYRUXFLVWHLQVNLK�'1,�NRPSOHNVD�EH]�HQ]LPD��NYDGUDWL`L��L�XSULVXVWYX�HQ]LPD��NUXCL`L��X�+(3(6�SXIHUX�S+�����

)LJXUH����.LQHWLFV�RI�1$'��IRUPDWLRQ�GHSHQGLQJ�RQFRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�12�LQ�F\VWHLQH�'1,&�VROXWLRQV�ZLWK0Q62'��FLUFOHV��DQG�ZLWKRXW�0Q62'��VTXDUHV��([SHULPHQWV�ZHUH�GRQH�LQ����P0�+(3(6�EXIIHU�S+�����

6OLND����.LQHWLND�QDVWDMDQMD�1$'��RNVLGRYDQMHP1$'+�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�12�X�UDVWYRUXJOXWDWLRQVNLK�'1,�NRPSOHNVD�EH]�HQ]LPD��NYDGUDWL`L��LX�SULVXVWYX�HQ]LPD��NUXCL`L��X�+(3(6�SXIHUX�S+�����)LJXUH����.LQHWLFV�RI�1$'��IRUPDWLRQ�GHSHQGLQJ�RQFRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�12�LQ�JOXWDWKLRQH�'1,&�VROXWLRQVZLWK�0Q62'��FLUFOHV��DQG�ZLWKRXW�0Q62'��VTXDUHV��$OO�H[SHULPHQWV�ZHUH�GRQH�LQ����P0�+(3(6�EXIIHUS+�����

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 35: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

NRQFHQWUDFLMX�SHURNVLQLWULWD�^WR�UH]XOWXMH�L�QDMQLCRPNRQFHQWUDFLMRP�1$'���1DMQLCD�SURGXNFLMD�1$'��L]SURWHLQVNLK�'1,&�SURX]URNRYDQD�MH�QDMYL^RP�VWDELO�QR^`X�RYLK�NRPSOHNVD�MHU�VH�SURGXNXMH�QDMPDQMDNROLaLQD�SHURNVLQLWULWD��1D�GUXJRM�VWUDQL�LPDPR�FLVWH�LQVNH�L�JOXWDWLRQVNH�NRPSOHNVH�NRML�QD�SRaHWNX�IRU�PLUDMX�PQRJR�YH`X�NROLaLQX�2212¬�� 2YR� VHREMD^QMDYD�PDQMRP�VWDELOQR^`X�QLVNRPROHNXOVNLK'1,�NRPSOHNVD�X�RGQRVX�QD�DOEXPLQVNH�NRPSOHNVH�5HODWLYQL�RGQRV�NROLaLQD�IRUPLUDQRJ�SHURNVLQLWULWD�L]UD]OLaLWLK�'1,�NRPSOHNVD�SUL�LVWLP�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPDGRGDWRJ�12�RVWDMH�LVWL�QH]DYLVQR�RG�WRJD�GD�OL�VH�XUDVWYRUX�QDOD]LR�HQ]LP�0Q62'�LOL�QH��5D]OLND�MH�XDSVROXWQRM�NROLaLQL�IRUPLUDQRJ�SHURNVLQLWULWD��5D]ORJRYRPH�MH�aLQMHQLFD�GD�HQ]LP�GHOXMH�WDNR�̂ WR�L]�VLVWH�PD�L]YODaL�VXSHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDO�L�VPDQMXMH�IRU�PLUDQMH�SHURNVLQLWULWD��D�VDPLP�WLP�L�XPDQMXMHRNVLGDFLMX�1$'+�WH�SURSRUFLRQDOQR�WRPH�QDVWDMH�LVUD]PHUQR�PDQMD�NROLaLQD�1$'���0H_XWLP��GRGDYD�QMHP�YH`HJ�EURMD�EROXVD�SUDYD�SULURGD�NRPSOHNVDGROD]L�GR�L]UDCDMD��1HVWDELOQL�FLVWHLQVNL�L�X�RYRPVOXaDMX�MR^�QHVWDELOQLML�JOXWDWLRQVNL�NRPSOHNVL��NRML�XSRaHWNX�LQGXNXMX�QDMYL^H�SHURNVLQLWULWD��YUHPHQRPVH��RGQRVQR�EU]RP�SRWUR^QMRP�6+�JUXSD��UDVSDGDMXL�QMLKRYD�GLVPXWDFLRQD�VSRVREQRVW�VPDQMXMH�VH�XVOR�YOMDYDMX`L�GD�VH�L�XNXSQD�NROLaLQD�SURGXNRYDQRJSHURNVLQLWULWD�YUHPHQRP�WHN�QH]QDWQR�SRYH`DYD��$O�

EXPLQVNL�NRPSOHNVL�RVWDMX�VWDELOQL�L�SRVOH����GRGD�WLK�EROXVD��NXPXORYDQR�������PRO�X���P/�UHDN�FLRQRJ� UDVWYRUD�� SD� VH� QMLKRYD� GLVPXWDFLRQDVSRVREQRVW�QH�VPDQMXMH��WLPH�GLUHNWQR�XWLaX`L�QDSRYH`DQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�SURGXNRYDQRJ�SHURNVLQL�WULWD�

.DNR�SRVOH�SUYRJ�WDNR�L�SRVOH�SHWQDHVWRJ�EROXVGRGDWND�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD�X�UDVWYRU�NRML�SRUHG�'1,NRPSOHNVD�VDGUCL�L�HQ]LP��SURGXNFLMD�1$'���X�RG�QRVX�QD�SURGXNFLMX�1$'��X�UDVWYRULPD�EH]�HQ]LPD�PDQMD�MH�]D���������2YR�GLUHNWQR�SRND]XMH�NROLNL�MHSURWHNWLYQL�]QDaDM�HQ]LPD�0Q62'�NRML�XNODQMD�VX�SHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDO��]D�NRML�MH�SUHWSRVWDYOMHQR�GDQDVWDMH�NDR�PH_XSURL]YRG�X�PHKDQL]PX�NRML�MH�SUHW�VWDYOMHQ�X�WHRULMVNRP�GHOX��6PDQMHQD�SURGXNFLMD�VX�SHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDOD�GLUHNWQR�VPDQMXMH�L�NROLaLQXIRUPLUDQRJ�SHURNVLQLWULWD�MHU�VWYDUDQMH�SHURNVLQLWULWDGLUHNWQR�]DYLVL�RG�VWYRUHQRJ�2�¬��1D�VOLFL���VH�YLGLL�GD�MH�VSRVREQRVW�GLVPXWDFLMH�NRPSOHNVD��NRMD�GLUH�NWQR�XWLaH�QD�NROLaLQX�SHURNVLQLWULWD��SRVOH�SUYRJ�LSRVOH�SHWQDHVWRJ�EROXVD�SRWSXQR�REUQXWD��1DLPH�QDNRQ�SUYRJ�EROXVD�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD�QDMYL^H�2212�ELOR�MH�IRUPLUDQR�L]�JOXWDWLRQVNLK�L�FLVWHLQVNLK�SD�WHNRQGD�L]�DOEXPLQVNLK�NRPSOHNVD��GRN�MH�SRVOH����ER�OXVD�SURWHLQVNL�NRPSOHNV�SRND]DR�YL^X�HILNDVQRVWSURGXNFLMH�RG�QLVNRPROHNXOVNLK�NRPSOHNVD�

7DNR_H��QD�VSHNWULPD�SURWHLQVNLK�NRPSOHNVD�GH�WHNWRYDQH�VX�DSVRUEDQFH�L�QD�����QP�NRMH�X�SRWSX�QRVWL�RGJRYDUDMX�DSVRUSFLML�WLUR]LQVNLK�RVWDWDNDJRYH_HJ�VHUXP�DOEXPLQD��1D�RYDM�QDaLQ�MH�QHGYRV�PLVOHQR�SRWYU_XMHQD�SUHSRVWDYND�GD�MH�SHURNVLQLWULW�XVWDQMX�GD�SUHNR�EURMQLK�LQWHUPHGLMHUD�QLWUXMH�WLUR]LQ�LIRUPLUD�QLWURWLUR]LQ��17\U���.RQFHQWUDFLMH�QLWURWLUR�]LQD�UDVWX�VD�YUHPHQRP��RGQRVQR�VD�GRGDWRP�NROLaL�QRP�12��VOLND����MHU�GRGDWD�NROLaLQD�12�RGJRYDUDNROLaLQL�SHURNVLQLWULWD��.DGD�VH�XSRUHGH�UDVWX`H�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMH�QLWURWLUR]LQD�X�UDVWYRULPD�DOEXPLQVNLK'1,�NRPSOHNVD�VD�L�EH]�HQ]LPD��SRQRYR�VH�PRCH�]D�NOMXaLWL� GD� MH� QDVWDOD� NROLaLQD� QLWURWLUR]LQD� XSULVXVWYX�HQ]LPD�PDQMD�RG�RQH�NRMD�VH�IRUPLUDODVDPR�X�+(3(6�SXIHUX�EH]�HQ]LPD��.DR�L�X�VOXaDMXRGQRVD�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�1$'�� X� X]RUNX� VD� L� EH]HQ]LPD��L�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�17\U�X�X]RUNX�VD�L�EH]HQ]LPD�PDQMD�MH�]D�RNR���������2YR�MR^�MHGQRP�GL�UHNWQR�SRND]XMH�GD�HQ]LP��YU^H`L�XORJX�XNODQMDQMDVXSHURNVLG�DQMRQ�UDGLNDOD�L]�UDVWYRUD��VPDQMXMHXNXSQX�NROLaLQX�IRUPLUDQRJ�17\U�]ERJ�WRJD�^WR�GL�UHNWQR�XPDQMXMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMX�SHURNVLQLWULWD�SUHNRMHGLQRJ�PRJX`HJ�PHKDQL]PD��QDYHGHQRJ�X�XYRGX��

6OLND����.LQHWLND�QDVWDMDQMD�1$'��RNVLGRYDQMHP1$'+�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�12�GRGDWHDOEXPLQVNLP�'1,�NRPSOHNVLPD�EH]�HQ]LPD��NYDGUDWL`L�L�X�SULVXVWYX�HQ]LPD��NUXCL`L��X�+(3(6�SXIHUX�S+�����)LJXUH����.LQHWLFV�RI�1$'��IRUPDWLRQ�GHSHQGLQJ�RQFRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�12�LQ�DOEXPLQ�'1,&�VROXWLRQV�ZLWK0Q62'��FLUFOHV��DQG�ZLWKRXW�0Q62'��VTXDUHV���$OOH[SHULPHQWV�ZHUH�GRQH�LQ����P0�+(3(6�EXIIHU�S+�����

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 36: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

RGQRVQR�JRYRUL�QDP�GD�PHKDQL]DP�IRUPLUDQMDSHURNVLQLWULWD�SUHNR�12�L�2�¬�]DLVWD�SRVWRML�

1D�VOLFL���SULND]DQD�MH�VXPLUDQD�SURGXNFLMD1$'�� L]�UD]OLaLWLK�GLQLWUR]LO�JYRC_H�NRPSOHNVDSRVOH�SUYRJ�L�SHWQDHVWRJ�EROXVD�L�VD�L�EH]�SULVXVWYDHQ]LPD��6OLND���WDNR_H�SULND]XMH�L�WRWDOQX�SURGXNFLMXSHURNVLQLWULWD�NRMD�MH�REUQXWR�SURSRUFLRQDOQD�NRQFHQ�WUDFLML�1$'+�MHU�SHURNVLQLWULW�RNVLGXMH�1$'+�SD�MHRGQRV�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�RYH�GYH�VXSVWDQFH�REUQXWR�SUR�SRUFLRQDODQ��1H]DYLVQR�RG�WRJD�GD�OL�VH�X�UDVWYRUXQDOD]LR�HQ]LP�LOL�QH��RaLJOHGQR�MH�GD�VH�SHURNVLQLWULWIRUPLUD�X�VYLP�VOXaDMHYLPD�L�GD�MH�SRVOH�GRGDWND���EROXVD�UDVWYRUD�12�QDMHILNDVQLML�X�IRUPLUDQMX2212¬�SURWHLQVNL�'1,&��GRN�VH�YUHPHQRP�FLVWHLQ�VNLP�L�JOXWDWLRQVNLP�NRPSOHNVLPD��NRML�X�SRaHWNXLQGXNXMX�QDMYH`H�NROLaLQH�SHURNVLQLWULWD��VPDQMXMHVSRVREQRVW�GLVPXWDFLMH��D�VDPLP�WLP�L�XNXSQD�SUR�GXNFLMD�SHURNVLQLWULWD�

=DNOMXaDN1D�RVQRYX�VYLK�L]ORCHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�PRCH�VH

WYUGLWL�GD�VH�SHURNVLQLWULW�IRUPLUD�WRNRP�'1,&�SRV�UHGRYDQH�GLVPXWDFLMH�12��,]�UH]XOWDWD�MH��WDNR_H�RaLJOHGQR�GD�OLJDQG�NRML�IRUPLUD�NRPSOHNV�GLUHNWQRXWLaH�QD�GLVPXWDFLRQX�VSRVREQRVW��1DMQHVWDELOQLML

NRPSOHNVL�� NRML� XMHGQR� SURGXNXMX� L� QDMPDQMHSHURNVLQLWULWD��MHVX�FLVWHLQVNL�L�JOXWDWLRQVNL��6D�GUXJHVWUDQH��SURWHLQVNL�NRPSOHNVL�IRUPLUDOL�VX�QDMYL^X�NR�OLaLQX�SHURNVLQLWULWD�L�VDPLP�WLP�SRND]DOL�VH�NDR�QDM�VWDELOQLML��8�DOEXPLQVNLP�NRPSOHNVLPD�GHWHNWRYDQRMH�L�SRVWRMDQMH�QLWURWLUR]LQD�NRML�MH�QDVWDR�QLWURYDQMHPSURWHLQVNLK�RVWDWDND�WLUR]LQD�RG�VWUDQH�IRUPLUDQRJSHUNVLQLWULWD�

7DNR_H��SRND]DQR�MH�GD�L�PHKDQL]DP�QDVWDMDQMD2212¬�SUHNR�12�L�2�¬�]DLVWD�SRVWRML��2YR�MH�SRWYU�_HQR�XPDQMHQRP�RNVLGDFLMRP�1$'+��DOL�L�VWYDUD�QMHP�QLWURWLUR]LQD�X�PDQMLP�NROLaLQDPD��X�VYLPVOXaDMHYLPD�NDGD�MH�X�VLVWHPX�SULVXWDQ�HQ]LP�0Q62'NRML�XNODQMD�2�¬�L�WLPH�XPDQMXMH�XNXSQX�NROLaLQX�IRU�PLUDQRJ�SHURNVLQLWULWD�NRML�RNVLGXMH�1$'+�L�QLWUXMH�WL�UR]LQVNH�RVWDWNH��8�QDUHGQLP�HNVSHULPHQWLPD�RVWDMH�GDVH�RWNULMH�SUDYD�IL]LROR^ND�SULURGD�GLVPXWDFLMH�D]RW�PR�QRNVLGD�SRVUHGVWYRP�UD]OLaLWLK�'1,�NRPSOHNVD��WM�GD�VH�XNDCH�QD�WR�NRML�RG�HIHNDWD�MH�SUHGRPLQDQWQLML�SURWHNWLYQL�LOL�GHVWUXNWLYQL�

/LWHUDWXUD(LVHULFK�-��3���3DWHO�5��3���2±'RQQHOO�9��%�������3DWKRSK\VLRORJ\�RI�QLWULF�R[LGH�DQG�UHODWHGVSHFLHV��IUHH�UDGLFDO�UHDFWLRQV�DQG�PRGLILFDWLRQ�RIELRPROHFXOHV��0RO��$VSHFWV�0HG�����������)ULGRYLFK�,��������6XSHUR[LGH�UDGLFDO��DQHQGRJHQRXV�WR[LFDQW��$QQX��5HY��3KDUPDFRO�7R[LFRO�����������)ULGRYLFK�,��������%LRORJLFDO�HIIHFWV�RI�WKHVXSHUR[LGH�UDGLFDO��$UFK��%LRFKHP��%LRSK\V����������)XNXWR�-��0���,JQDUUR�/��-��������,Q�YLYRDVSHFWV�RI�QLWULF�R[LGH�FKHPLVWU\��'RHVSHUR[\QLWULWH��2122¬��SOD\�D�PDMRU�UROH�LQF\WRWR[LFLW\"�$FFRXQWV�&KHP��5HV�����������*URYHV�-��7��������3HUR[\QLWULWH��UHDFWLYH�LQYDVLYH�DQG�HQLJPDWLF��&XUU��2SLQ��&KHP��%LRO���������+DOOLZHOO�%���*XWWHULGJH�-��0��&��������)UHH5DGLFDOV�LQ�%LRORJ\�DQG�0HGLFLQH��2[IRUG�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV+XLH�5��(���3DGPDMD�6��������7KH�UHDFWLRQ�RI12�ZLWK�VXSHUR[LGH��)UHH�5DGLF��5HV��&RPPXQ�����������.RSSHQRO�:��+��������7KH�EDVLF�FKHPLVWU\�RIQLWURJHQ�PRQR[LGH�DQG�SHUR[\QLWULWH��)UHH�5DG�%LRO��0HG�����������

6OLND����.LQHWLND�QDVWDMDQMD�QLWURWLUR]LQD�QLWURYDQMHPWLUR]LQVNLK�RVWDWDND�X�SURWHLQVNLP�'1,�NRPSOHNVLPD�X]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�12�X�UDVWYRU�SURWHLQVNRJNRPSOHNVD�X�+(3(6�SXIHUX�S+������

)LJXUH����.LQHWLFV�RI�QLWURW\URVLQH�IRUPDWLRQ��WKDW�LVFDXVHG�E\�QLWUDWLRQ�RI�W\URVLQH�UHVLGXHV�LQ�SURWHLQ'1,&V��GHSHQGLQJ�RQ�12�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��7KHVHH[SHULPHQWV�ZHUH�GRQH�LQ����P0�+(3(6�EXIIHU�S+����ZLWK�0Q62'��FLUFOHV��DQG�ZLWKRXW�0Q62'�VTXDUHV��

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 37: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

.RSSHQRO�:��+���0RUHQR�-��-���3U\RU�:��$��,VFKLURSRXORV�+���%HFNPDQ�-��6�������3HUR[\QLWULWH��D�FORDNHG�R[LGDQW�IRUPHG�E\�QLWULFR[LGH�DQG�VXSHUR[LGH��&KHP��5HV��7R[LFRO����������0RQFDGD�6���3DOPHU�5��0���+LJJV�(��$�������1LWULF�R[LGH��SK\VLRORJ\��SDWKRSK\VLRORJ\��DQGSKDUPDFRORJ\��3KDUPDFRO��5HY�����������3URNRSRYL`�9��������,VSLWLYDQMH�XWLFDMD�UD]OLaLWLKOLJDQDGD�QD�GLQLWUR]LO�JYRC_H�NRPSOHNVRP�'1,&��SRVUHGRYDQX�GLVPXWDFLMX�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD�12���3HWQLaNH�VYHVNH����������

9ODGLPLU�3URNRSRYL`(IILFLHQF\�RI�3HUR[\QLWULWH��2212¬�3URGXFWLRQ�IURP�9DULRXV�'LQLWURV\O,URQ�&RPSOH[HV��'1,&��XQGHU$HURELF�&RQGLWLRQV

1LWULF�R[LGH��12��LV�D�YHU\�LPSRUWDQW�LQWUDFHOOX�ODU�PHVVHQJHU�WKDW�UHJXODWHV�QXPHURXV�SURFHVVHV�LQWKH�KXPDQ�RUJDQLVP��ZKHUHDV�LWV�RYHUSURGXFWLRQFRQWULEXWHV�WR�WKH�SDWKRORJ\�RI�D�YDULHW\�RI�GLVHDVHV�

3DWKRORJLFDO�HIIHFWV�DUH�PDLQO\�UHODWHG�WR�WKH�IRUPD�WLRQ�RI�UHDFWLYH�QLWURJHQ�VSHFLHV��516��VXFK�DV�SHU�R[\QLWULWH��2122¬���WKDW�LV�WKRXJKW�WR�EH�IRUPHG�LQWKH�UHDFWLRQ�RI�12�ZLWK�VXSHUR[LGH�DQLRQ�UDGLFDO2��¬��3HUR[\QLWULWH��ZKLFK�LV�D�SRWHQW�R[LGDWLYH�DQGQLWUDWLQJ�DJHQW��LV�FRQVLGHUHG�WR�EH�WKH�PDMRU�PHGLD�WRU�RI�12¬�LQGXFHG�F\WRWR[LFLW\��1LWUR[\O��12¬���DVZHOO�DV�QLWURVRQLXP��12����LV�D�SURGXFW�RI�GLQLWURV\OLURQ�FRPSOH[��'1,&��DVVLVWHG�12�GLVPXWDWLRQ��7KLVSDSHU�H[DPLQHV�DQG�FRPSDUHV�WKH�HIILFLHQF\�RI�SHU�R[\QLWULWH�SURGXFWLRQ�IURP�YDULRXV�'1,&V�XQGHUDHURELF�FRQGLWLRQV��'LIIHUHQW�WKLROV�ZHUH�XVHG�DV�OL�JDQGV��&\VWHLQH�¬�&\V��*OXWDWKLRQH�¬�*6+�DQG�ER�YLQH�VHUXP�DOEXPLQ�¬�%6$���,QGHSHQGHQWO\�IURP�WKHOLJDQG�W\SH��SHUR[\QLWULWH�IRUPDWLRQ�ZDV�GHWHFWHG�LQDOO�VDPSOHV�DIWHU�WKH�ILUVW�DGGLWLRQ�RI�12��&\VWHLQHDQG�JOXWDWKLRQH�FRPSOH[HV�ZHUH�VKRZQ�WR�LQGXFH�GL�PLQXWLYH�SHUR[\QLWULWH�DPRXQWV�FRPSDUHG�WR�DOEX�PLQ�FRPSOH[HV��ZKLFK�SURGXFHG�WKH�KLJKHVW�DPRXQWRI�2122¬��$OO�H[SHULPHQWV�ZHUH�GRQH�VLPXOWDQH�RXVO\�LQ�FRQGLWLRQV�ZLWK�DQG�ZLWKRXW�WKH�0Q62'HQ]\PH�WKDW�GHFRPSRVHV�2��¬�UHTXLUHG�IRU�2212¬IRUPDWLRQ��7KH�REWDLQHG�UHVXOWV�FRQILUPHG�WKH�H[�LVWHQFH�RI�PHFKDQLVP�RI�2212¬�IRUPDWLRQ�IURP12¬�DQG�2��YLD�UHDFWLRQ�RI�12�ZLWK�2��¬�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 38: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

*RUGDQD�.UVWL`�L�9DQMD�+ORCDQ

2GUH_LYDQMH�SURL]YRGDUDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�WH^NRUDVWYRUQLK�VROL�EDNUDSULPHQRP�UHDNFLMHNDWDOLWLaNH�RNVLGDFLMHKLGURKLQRQDYRGRQLN�SHURNVLGRP

,VSLWDQD�MH�PRJX`QRVW�RGUH_LYDQMD�SUR]YRGD�UDVWYRU�OMLYRVWL�WH^NR�UDVWYRUQLK�VROL�EDNUD�SULPHQRP�NDWD�OLWLaNH�RNVLGDFLMH�KLGURKLQRQD�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGRP�X�NRMRM�MRQ�EDNDU�,,��XaHVWYXMH�NDR�NDWDOL]DWRU��8WRP� FLOMX� RGUH_LYDQL� VX� SURL]YRGL� UDVWYRUOMLYRVWEDNDU�,,��NDUERQDWD�L�EDNDU�,,��RNVDODWD��MHU�VH�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMH� MRQD� EDNUD� X� QMLKRYLP� ]DVL`HQLPUDVWYRULPD�QDOD]H�X�LQWHUYDOX�X�NRPH�RYD�PHWRGDSRND]XMH�OLQHDUDQ�WUHQG��RG�����GR�����J�FP����1DRVQRYX�RYLK�PHUHQMD�NRQVWDQWD�SURL]YRGD�UDVWYRU�OMLYRVWL� ]D� EDNDU�,,��NDUERQDW� L]QRVL� ����⋅��¬��PRO�GP¬�� �OLWHUDWXUQH�YUHGQRVWL� VX�X� LQWHUYDOX�RG���⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬��GR����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬����GRN�]DEDNDU�,,��RNVDODW�L]QRVL�����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬���OLWHUD�WXUQH�YUHGQRVWL�VX�RNR����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬����,]�RYLKUH]XOWDWD�VH�PRCH�L]YHVWL�SUHOLPLQDUDQ�]DNOMXaDN�GDMH� PRJX`H� RGUHGLWL� NRQVWDQWH� SURL]YRGD� UDVWYRU�OMLYRVWL�WH^NR�UDVWYRUQLK�VROL�EDNUD��NRG�NRMLK�MH�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMD�MRQD�EDNUD�X�QDYHGHQRP�LQWHUYDOX�OLQHDU�QRVWL�

8YRG+LGURKLQRQ��EHQ]HQ�����GLRO��MH�DURPDWLaQL�GYR�

KLGURNVLOQL�DONRKRO��PROHNXOVNH�IRUPXOH�&�+��2+���1MHJRYH�KLGURNVLOQH�JUXSH�VH�QDOD]H�X�SDUD�SRORCDMX�^WR�VH�PRCH�YLGHWL�L]�VWUXNWXUQH�IRUPXOH��VOLND����+LGURKLQRQ�VH�NRULVWL�L�X�IRWRJUDILML�NDR�UD]YLMDaVOLND��3LQH������

+LGURKLQRQ�MH�SRGORCDQ�RNVLGDFLML�L�VODELP�RNVL�GDFLRQLP�VUHGVWYLPD��SUL�aHPX�QDVWDMH�S�EHQ]HQKL�QRQ��&�+�2���NRML�VH�aHVWR�QD]LYD�L�S�KLQRQ�LOL�VDPRKLQRQ��5HGXNFLMRP�KLQRQD�VH�SRQRYR�PRCH�GRELWLKLGURKLQRQ��VOLND����

3URL]YRG�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�WH^NR�UDVWYRUQRJ�MHGLQ�MHQMD�SUHGVWDYOMD�SURL]YRG�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�MRQD�X]DVL`HQRP�UDVWYRUX�WH^NR�UDVWYRUQRJ�HOHNWUROLWD��QDRGUH_HQRM�WHPSHUDWXUL��'UXJLP�UHaLPD��SURL]YRGUDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�QHNH�VXSVWDQFH�]DYLVL�RG�WHPSHUDWXUH�

8�RS^WHP�VOXaDMX�]D�VODERUDVWYRUQX�VXSVWDQFXRS^WH� IRUPXOH�$[%\�� PRCH� VH� QDSLVDWL� VOHGH`DUDYQRWHCQD�UHDNFLMD�

$[%\�V��¦�[$��DT����\%¬�DT�

*RUGDQD�.UVWL`���������9UDQMH��.RVRYVND�������XaHQLFD����UD]UHGD�*LPQD]LMH�®%RUD�6WDQNRYL`¯�X9UDQMX9DQMD�+ORCDQ���������1RYL�6DG��%LKD`ND�����XaHQLN����UD]UHGD�*LPQD]LMH�®6YHWR]DU�0DUNRYL`¯X�1RYRP�6DGX0(1725�)LOLS�%LKHORYL`��GLSO��KHPLaDU��+HPLMVNL�IDNXOWHW�X%HRJUDGX

6OLND����6WUXNWXUQD�IRUPXOD�KLGURKLQRQD)LJXUH����6WUXFWXUDO�IRUPXOD�RI�K\GURTXLQRQH

6OLND����5HDNFLMD�RNVLGDFLMH�KLGURKLQRQD��9ROOKDUGW�)LJXUH����5HDFWLRQ�RI�K\GURTXLQRQH�R[LGDWLRQ

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 39: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

.RQVWDQWD�UDYQRWHCH�]D�RYX�UHDNFLMX��NRQVWDQWDSURL]YRGD�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL��.VS��PRCH�VH�L]UD]LWL�NDR�-RXUQDO�RI��3��&��5HIHUHQFH�������

.VS� �&$[ �+�&%\

/LWHUDWXUQH�YUHGQRVWL�SUDRL]YRGD�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�]DEDNDU�,,��NDUERQDW�VX�����⋅���¬����0RUWLPHU������� L����⋅���¬����D�]D�EDNDU�,,��RNVDODW�VX������⋅���¬���+RGJPDQ��������

2GUH_LYDQMH�SURL]YRGD�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�VROL�EDNUDVH�]DVQLYD�QD�NDWDOLWLaNRP�GHORYDQMX�&X���MRQD�QDUHDNFLMX�RNVLGDFLMH�KLGURKLQRQD�YRGRQLN�SHURNVL�GRP��.RQFHQWUDFLMD�&X���MRQD�MH�ELOD�X�LQWHUYDOX�RG����GR�����J�FP���

0HWRG8�HNVSHULPHQWLPD�VX�NRUL^FHQL�UDVWYRUL�KLGURKL�

QRQD��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGD��EDNDU�,,��VXOIDWD���QDWUL�MXP�VXOIDWD��QDWULMXP�RNVDODWD�L�QDWULMXP�NDUERQDWD��

6YH�KHPLNDOLMH�VX�ELOH�SUR�DQDO\VL�NYDOLWHWD��0DWLaQL�UDVWYRU�KLGURKLQRQD�MH�ELR�NRQFHQWUDFLMH

��⋅���¬��PRO�GP���GRN�MH�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�KLGURKLQRQD�XNLYHWL�X�NRMRM�VH�RGLJUDYDOD�UHDNFLMD�ELOD���⋅���¬�PRO�GP���5DVWYRU�MH�aXYDQ�X�QRUPDOQRP�VXGX�NRML�MHREORCHQ�DOXPLQLMXPVNRP�IROLMRP��UDGL�VSUHaDYDQMDUD]ODJDQMD�KLGURKLQRQD�X�SULVXWYX�VYHWORVWL��5DVWYRUMH�SULSUHPDQ�QHSRVUHGQR�SUH�SRaHWND�PHUHQMD�

.RQFHQWUDFLMD�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGD�X�RVQRYQRPUDVWYRUX�ELOD�MH�����PRO�GP���D�X�NLYHWL�����PRO�GP��6YDNRJ�GDQD�UDVWYRU�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGD�MH�VWDQG�DUGL]RYDQ�YROXPHWULMVNL��WLWUDFLMRP�MRGD�NRML�VH�RVOR�ERGL�X�UHDNFLML�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGD�L�NDOLMXP�MRGLGD�XNLVHORM�VUHGLQL�QDWULMXP�WLRVXOIDWRP�NRQFHQWUDFLMH����PRO�GP���X]�VNURE�NDR�LQGLNDWRU��

2VQRYQL�UDVWYRU�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDWD�MH�ELR�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMH����J&X���FP���GRN�VH�X�NLYHWDPD�QMHJRYDNRQFHQWUDFLMD�NUHWDOD�RG�����GR�����J�&X���FP��

.RQFHQWUDFLMD�QDWULMXP�VXOIDWD�X�RVQRYQRPUDVWYRUX�MH�LPDOD�YUHGQRVW������⋅���¬��J�62��¬��FP��GRN�MH�X�NLYHWL�RQD�ELOD�����⋅���¬�J�62��¬�FP��

.RQFHQWUDFLMH�QDWULMXP�RNVDODWD�L�QDWULMXP�NDUER�QDWD�X�SRaHWQRP�UDVWYRUX�VX�ELOH������⋅���¬�J�FP��GRN�VX�X�NLYHWL�RQH�ELOH������⋅���¬��J�FP��

6YD�PHUHQMD�VX�UD_HQD�QD�WHPSHUDWXUL�RG���������&��MHU�MH�XWYU_HQR�GD�MH�UHDNFLMD�RNVLGDFLMH�KLRGUR�KLQRQD�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGRP�X�SULVXVWYX�MRQD�EDNUD�NDR�NDWDOL]DWRUD��MDNR�XVORYOMHQD�SURPHQRP�WHPSHUD�

WXUH��WDNR�GD�L�YHRPD�PDOD�SURPHQD�WHPSHUDWXUH]QDWQR�SRYH`DYD�EU]LQX�UHDNFLMH�

0HUHQMD�DSVRUEDQFL�UD_HQD�VX�QD�VSHNWURIR�WRPHWUX�,6.5$�0$������63(.2/�����X�VWDN�OHQLP�NLYHWDPD�]DSUHPLQH�����P/��RSWLaNRJ�SXWD��FP��$SVRUEDQFD�MH�PHUHQD�QD�����QP��X�YUHPHQ�VNRP�SHULRGX�RG����PLQXWD�

0HUHQMH�DSVRUEDQFL�MH�UD_HQR�]D���VLVWHPD�6LVWHP���MH�VDGUCDR��KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW�L�GHVWLORYDQX�YRGX��6LVWHP���MHVDGUCDR��KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG��EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW��QDWULMXP�VXOIDW�L�GHVWLORYDQX�YRGX��6LVWHP��MH�VDGUCDR��KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG��EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW��QDWULMXP�RNVDODW�L�GHVWLORYDQX�YRGX��6LVWHP��MH�VDGUCDR��KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG��EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW��QDULMXP�NDUERQDW�L�GHVWLORYDQX�YRGX��

8]RUFL�VX�SULSUHPDQL�QD�VOHGH`L�QDaLQ��]DVLVWHP����RGUH_HQD�]DSUHPLQD�YRGH������P/�KLGUR�KLQRQD������P/�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGD�L�RGUH_HQD�]DSUH�PLQD�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDWD�VLSDQD�MH�X�VWDNOHQH�NLYHWH��]DVLVWHPH������L���UHGRVOHG�PH^DQMD� MH�ELR� LVWL�RGUH_HQD�]DSUHPLQD�YRGH������P/�KLGURKLQRQD�����P/�YRGRQLN�SHURNVLGD��RGUH_HQD�]DSUHPLQD�1D�VROLL�RGUH_HQD�]DSUHPLQD�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDWD��6YD�PHUHQMDVX�L]YHGHQD�QD�LGHQWLaDQ�QDaLQ��V�WLP�^WR�VX�XSRWUH�EOMDYDQH�UD]OLaLWH�QDWULMXPRYH�VROL��VXOIDW��NDUERQDWLOL�RNVDODW���9UHPH�SRaHWND�UHDNFLMH�MH�PHUHQR�SRGRGDWNX�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDWD�X�NLYHWX��$SVRUEDQFD�MHRaLWDYDQD� VYDNLK� ��� V�� 3R� GRGDWNX� SRVOHQMHJUHDJHQVD��UDVWYRU�X�NLYHWL�MH�EH]ERMDQ��0H_XWLP�QDNRQ�PHUHQMD�RG����PLQXWD�UDVWYRU�GRELMD�WDPQRCXWX�ERMX��NRMD�SRWLaH�RG�QDVWDORJ�SURL]YRGD�RNVL�GDFLMH�KLGURKLQRQD��

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLNXVLMD6LVWHP����NRML�VDGUCL�KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG

L�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW��NRULVWL�VH�]D�NRQVWUXNFLMX�NDOLEUDFLRQHNULYH��NRMD�GDOMH�VOXCL�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�MRQDEDNUD�X�UDVWYRUX�X�VLVWHPLPD������L����

.RHILFLMHQWL�SUDYDFD�NDOLEUDFLRQLK�SUDYD�NRMH�VXGRELMHQH�REHOHCDYD`H�VH�VD�.�

.DOLEUDFLRQX�SUDYX�IRUPLUDMX�WDaNH�NRMH�VX�RGUH�_HQH�NRHILFLMHQWLPD�SUDYDFD�]D�NULYH�]DYLVQRVWL�DS�VRUEDQFH�RG�YUHPHQD�]D�UD]OLaLWH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�EDNUDX�UDVWYRUX��GDWH�QD�VOLFL�����

6LVWHP����KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG��QDWUL�MXP�VXOIDW�L�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW��MH�NRUL^`HQ�X�FLOMX�LVSL�WLYDQMD�XWLFDMD�MRQD�QDWULMXPD�QD�EU]LQX�UHDNFLMH��GRNVX�VLVWHPL����KLGURKLQRQ��YRGRQLN�SHURNVLG��QDWUL�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 40: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

MXP�NDUERQDW�L�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW��L����KLGURKLQRQ��YR�GRQLN�SHURNVLG��QDWULMXP�RNVDODW�L�EDNDU�,,��VXOIDW�NRUL^`HQL�]D�RGUH_LYDQMH�SURL]YRGD�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWLEDNDU�,,��NDUERQDWD�L�EDNDU�,,��RNVDODWD��

=ERJ�QHOLQHDUQRVWL�SRaHWQLK�YUHGQRVWL�DSVRU�EDQFH�]D�L]UDGX�NDOLEUDFLRQLK�SUDYLK�NRUL^`HQL�VXUH]XOWDWL�QDNRQ�GYDQDHVWRJ�PLQXWD��MHU�MH�X�WRP�YUH�PHQVNRP�SHULRGX�IXQNFLMD�QDMOLQHDUQLMD�

2YLP�PHUHQMLPD�MH�XWYU_HQR�GD�MRQL�QDWULMXPDQH�XWLaX�QD�EU]LQX�UHDNFLMH�RNVLGDFLMH�KLGURKLQRQD�7R�VH�MDVQR�YLGL�VD�VOLNH����.�&X���� ����������]D

VLVWHP����L�.�62��¬�� �����������]D�VLVWHP���LNROLaQLND�QDJLED�RYLK�SUDYLK��.�62��¬����.�&X���� ����SD�QH�SRVWRML�UD]OLND�L]PH_X�QDJLED�SUDYH�]DVLVWHP���L�RGUH_HQX�NRQFHQWUDFLMX�EDNUD�L]�VLVWHPD���

0H_XWLP��RNVDODWQL�L�NDUERQDWQL�MRQL�LPDMX�XWL�FDMD�QD�EU]LQX�UHDNFLMH��2YR�VH�WDNR_H�PRCH�]DN�OMXaLWL� L]� UD]OLNH�QDJLED�SUDYLK�X�VLVWHPLPD��

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�DSVRUEDQFH�RG�YUHPHQD�]D�UD]OLaLWHNRQFHQWUDFLMH�EDNUD��]D�VLVWHP���)LJXUH����'HSHQGHQFH�RI�DEVRUEDQFH�XSRQ�FRSSHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQ��IRU�V\VWHP���

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�EU]LQH�UHDNFLMH�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMHEDNUD��NDOLEUDFLRQD�SUDYD�

)LJXUH����'HSHQGHQFH�RI�UHDFWLRQ�VSHHG�XSRQ�FRSSHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQ

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�DSVRUEDQFH�RG�YUHPHQD�X]�SULVXVWYR62��¬

)LJXUH����'HSHQGHQFH�RI�DEVRUEDQFH�XSRQ�WLPH�LQ�WKHSUHVHQFH�RI�62��¬

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�DSVRUEDQFH�RG�YUHPHQD�X�SULVXVWYX&�2��¬

)LJXUH����'HSHQGHQFH�RI�DEVRUEDQFH�XSRQ�WLPH�LQ�WKHSUHVHQFH�RI�&�2��¬

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 41: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

�.�&X���� �����������L����.�&�2��¬�� ����������NRMH�VX�SULND]DQH�QD�VOLFL���� L�X�VLVWHPLPD���.�&X���� �����������L���.�&2��¬�� ��������SUL�ND]DQLK�QD�VOLFL����NDR�L�L]�NROLaQLND�QDJLED�SUDYLK��.�&�2��¬����.�&X���� �������.�&�2��¬����.�&X���� ���������

1D�RVQRYX�RYLK�]DYLVQRVWL��RGQRVQR�UD]OLaLWLKQDJLED�SUDYLK�X�SULVXVWYX�L�RGVXVWYX�NDUERQDWD��RG�QRVQR�RNVDODWD��RGUH_LYDQ�MH�SURL]YRG�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWLRYLK�WH^NR�UDVWYRUQLK�VROL�EDNUD��

1D�RVQRYX�PHUHQMD�L]UDaXQDWR�MH�GD�SURL]YRGUDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�EDNDU�,,��RNVDODWD�L]QRVL�����⋅��¬����DEDNDU�,,��NDUERQDWD�����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬���'RELMHQHYUHGQRVWL�SURL]YRGD�UVWYRUOMLYRVWL�SRND]XMX�L]YHVQDRGVWXSDQMD�RG�SURQD_HQLK�OLWHUDWXUQLK�YUHGQRVWL�0H_XWLP��WD�RGVWXSDQMD�QHPDMX�YHOLNL�]QDaDM�MHU�MHUHG�YHOLaLQD�LVWL�

�,]�GRELMHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�VH�PRCH�L]YHVWL�SUHOLPL�QDUQL�]DNOMXaDN�GD�VH�SURL]YRG�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�VROLEDNUD�PRCH�RGUH_LYDWL�L�QD�RYDM�QDaLQ��0H_XWLP��QH�RSKRGQD�VX�GDOMD�LVSLWLYDQMD��QD�GUXJLP�VROLPD�ED�NUD��NDNR�EL�VH�L]YHR�SRX]GDQ�]DNOMXaDN�

=DNOMXaDN2YR�LVSLWLYDQMH�GRYRGL�GR�]DNOMXaND�GD�VH�SURL]�

YRG�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�WH^NR�UDVWYRUQLK�MHGLQMHQMD�EDNUDPRCH�RGUH_LYDWL�SULPHQRP�RSLVDQH�NLQHWLaNH�PH�WRGH��5H]XOWDWL�NRML�VX�GRELMHQL�SRND]XMX�GD�VH�SURL]�

YRG�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�EDNDU�,,��NDUERQDWD������⋅��¬��PRO�GP¬���L�EDNDU�,,��RNVDODWD������⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬��PDOR�UD]OLNXMX�RG�QMLKRYLK�OLWHUDWXUQLK�YUHGQRVWL�����¬���⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬���RGQRVQR�RNR����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬��UHVSHNWLYQR���2YD�RGVWXSDQMD�QLVX�]QDaDMQD�V�RE]L�URP�QD�WR�GD�VH�L�X�OLWHUDWXUL�PRJX�QD`L�UD]OLaLWHYUHGQRVWL�SUL]YRGD�UDVWYRUOMLYRVWL�LVSLWLYDQLK�VROL�

/LWHUDWXUD�3LQH�6��+��������2UJDQVND�NHPLMD��=DJUHE�>NROVND�NQMLJD9ROOKDUGW�3��&���6FKRUH�1��(��������2UJDQVNDKHPLMD��%HRJUDGD��'DWD�6WDWXV,VDNRYL`�*���/XNL`�/M��,VDNRYL`�0���3DQRMRWRYL`1��������2S^WD�L�QHRUJDQVND�KHPLMD��%HRJUDG�=DYRG�]D�XGCEHQLNH�L�QDVWDYQD�VUHGVWYD-RXHQDO�RI�3��&��5HIHUHQFH�������-RXUQDO�RI3K\VLFDO�&KHPLVWU\�5HIHUHQFH�'DWD������6XSSO���+RGJPDQ�&��'��������+DQGERRN�RI�FKHPLVWU\DQG�SK\VLFV��SW�����WK�(GLWLRQ0RUWLPHU�&��(��������&KHPLVWU\��$�&RQFHSWXDO$SSURDFK��1HZ�<RUN��9DQ�1RVWUDQG�5HLQKROG&RPSDQ\KWWS���HOHFWURFKHP�N\XQJQDP�DF�NU�FKHPB(QJ�WDEOH�S������KWPO

*RUGDQD�.UVWL`�DQG�9DQMD�+ORCDQ

'HWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�WKH�6ROXELOLW\3URGXFW�RI�+DUG�6ROXEOH�&RSSHU�6DOWVE\�$SSOLFDWLRQ�RI�WKH�5HDFWLRQ�RI&DWDO\WLF�+\GURTXLQRQH�2[LGDWLRQ�E\+\GURJHQ�3HUR[LGH

7KH�VROXELOLW\�SURGXFW�RI�D�KDUG�VROXEOH�FRP�SRXQG�LV�D�SURGXFW�RI�LRQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�D�VDWX�UDWHG�VROXWLRQ�RI�KDUG�VROXEOH�HOHFWURO\WHV�DW�D�FHUWDLQWHPSHUDWXUH��+\GURTXLQRQH��EHQ]HQH¬����GLRO��LV�DQDURPDWLF�GLK\GUR[\O�DOFRKRO��PROHFXOH�IRUPXOD&�+��2+����+\GURTXLQRQH�LV�VXEMHFWHG�WR�R[LGDWLRQDQG�ZHDN�R[LGL]LQJ�VXEVWDQFHV��ZKLFK�JLYHV�TXL�QRQH�

6OLND����=DYLVQRVW�DSVRUEDQFH�RG�YUHPHQD�X�SULVXVWYX&2��¬

)LJXUH����'HSHQGHQFH�RI�DEVRUEDQFH�XSRQ�WLPH�LQ�WKHSUHVHQFH�RI�&2��¬

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 42: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

7KH�DLP�RI�WKLV�UHVHDUFK�ZDV�WR�GHWHUPLQH�WKHVROXELOLW\�SURGXFW�RI�KDUG�VROXEOH�FRSSHU�VDOWV�E\�DS�SOLFDWLRQ�RI�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�RI�FDWDO\WLF�K\GURTXLQRQHR[LGDWLRQ�E\�K\GURJHQ�SHUR[LGH��'HWHUPLQDWLRQ�RIWKH�VROXELOLW\�SURGXFW�RI�FRSSHU�VDOWV�LV�EDVHG�RQ�WKHFDWDO\WLF�HIIHFW�RI�&X���LRQ�RQ�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�RI�K\GUR�TXLQRQH�R[LGDWLRQ�E\�K\GURJHQ�SHUR[LGH�GXULQJZKLFK�WKH�VROXWLRQ�DEVRUEDQFH�FKDQJHV��ZKLFK�LV�IRO�ORZHG�RQ�D�VSHFWURPHWHU�

7KH�DEVRUEDQFH�ZDV�GHWHUPLQHG�IRU���V\VWHPV�7KH�ILUVW�V\VWHP�FRQWDLQHG��K\GURTXLQRQH��K\GURJHQSHUR[LGH��FRSSHU�,,��VXOIDWH�DQG�GLVWLOOHG�ZDWHU��6\V�WHP���FRQWDLQHG��K\GURTXLQRQH��K\GURJHQ�SHUR[LGH�VRGLXP�VXOIDWH�DQG�GLVWLOOHG�ZDWHU��6\VWHP����K\GUR�TXLQRQH��K\GURJHQ�SHUR[LGH��FRSSHU�,,��VXOIDWH��VR�GLXP�R[DODWH�DQG�GLVWLOOHG�ZDWHU��DQG�V\VWHP���K\GURTXLQRQH��K\GURJHQ�SHUR[LGH��FRSSHU�,,��VXOIDWH�VRGLXP�FDUERQDWH�DQG�GLVWLOOHG�ZDWHU�

6\VWHP���ZDV�XVHG�IRU�JHWWLQJ�D�FDOLEUDWLRQ�OLQHZKLFK�VHUYHG�IRU�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�FRSSHU�LRQ�FRQ�FHQWUDWLRQ�LQ�WKH�VROXWLRQ�LQ�V\VWHPV������DQG���

6\VWHP���ZDV�XVHG�WR�GHWHUPLQH�LI�WKH�VRGLXPLRQV�LQIOXHQFH�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�VSHHG��ZKLOH�V\VWHPV��

DQG���ZHUH�XVHG�IRU�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�WKH�SURGXFW�RIVROXELOLW\�RI�FRSSHU�,,��FDUERQDWH�DQG�FRSSHU�,,��R[�DODWH�

%\�WKHVH�PHDVXULQJV�LW�ZDV�GHWHUPLQHG�WKDW�VR�GLXP�LRQV�GR�QRW�LQIOXHQFH�WKH�VSHHG�RI�UHDFWLRQ�RIK\GURTXLQRQH�R[LGDWLRQ�DQG�WKDW�R[DODWH�DQG�FDUERQ�DWH�LRQV�GR�

2Q�WKH�EDVLV�RI�WKHVH�PHDVXULQJV��ZH�FDOFXODWHGWKDW�WKH�SURGXFW�RI�VROXELOLW\�IRU�FRSSHU�,,��R[DODWH�LV����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬���DQG�IRU�FRSSHU�,,��FDUERQDWH�LV����⋅��¬���PRO�GP¬���7KH�UHODWLYH�HUURU�IRU�FRS�SHU�,,��R[DODWH�LV�����DQG�IRU�FRSSHU�,,��FDUERQDWH�LV����+RZHYHU��WKHVH�HUURUV�PD\�EH�QHJOHFWHG�EH�FDXVH�WKH�RUGHU�RI�SURSRUWLRQV�LV�H[DFW��$FFRUGLQJ�WRWKH�REWDLQHG�UHVXOWV�ZH�PD\�FRQFOXGH�WKDW�WKH�SURG�XFW�RI�VROXELOLW\�RI�VDOWV�RI�FRSSHU�PD\�DOVR�EH�GH�WHUPLQHG�LQ�WKLV�ZD\�

$FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�UHVXOWV�RI�WKLV�UHVHDUFK�ZH�PD\FRQFOXGH�WKDW�LW�LV�SRVVLEOH�WR�GHWHUPLQ�WKH�VROXELOLW\SURGXFWV�RI�FRSSHU�VDOWV�E\�DSSOLFDWLRQ�RI�FDWDO\WLFR[LGDWLRQ�RI�K\GURTXLQRQH�E\�K\GURJHQ�SHUR[LGH�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 43: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

$QD�0LMX^NRYL`

,VSLWLYDQMH�HIHNWD�YLWDPLQD&�L�FLVWHLQD�QD�RVORED_DQMHD]RW�PRQRNVLGD�L]QDWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLGD

$]RW�PRQRNVLG��12��MH�YDCDQ�VLJQDOQL�PROHNXO�NRMLX� RUJDQL]PX� UHJXOL^H� YHOLNL� EURM� SURFHVD�� 8� WXVYUKX�EURMQH�`HOLMH�VLQWHWL^X�12�NRML�VH�NRULVWL�]DUHJXODFLMX�NUYQRJ�SULWLVND��QHXURWUDQVPLVLMX�L�DJUH�JDFLMX� WURPERFLWD�� 1DWULMXP� QLWURSUXVLG� �613�� VHGXJL� QL]� JRGLQD� NRULVWL� X� WHUDSLML� DNXWQH� KLSHU�WHQ]LMH��]DKYDOMXMX`L�VYRP�12�GRQRUVNRP�VYRMVWYX�PH_XWLP�PHKDQL]DP�QMHJRYRJ�GHORYDQMD�MR^�XYHN�MHNRQWUDYHU]DQ��8�RYRP�UDGX�VPR�LVSLWLYDOL�HIHNWH�YL�WDPLQD�&�L�FLVWHLQD�QD�RVORED_DQMH�D]RW�PRQRNVLGDL]�QDWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLGD��5H]XODWDWL�GRELMHQL�LVSLWL�YDQMHP�RVORED_DQMD�12�L]�QDWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLGD�XLQ�YLWUR�XVORYLPD��MDVQR�VX�XND]DOL�GD�613�WRNRPVYRJ�VSRQWDQRJ�UDVSDGDQMD�QH�RVORED_D�VDPR�12YH`�YHURYDWQR�YH`LP�GHORP�12���SULYLGQD�NRQVWDQWDEU]LQH� ]D� RVORED_DQMH� 12� MH� ����×��¬�� 0�PLQ��&LVWHLQ� L� DVNRUEDW� XEU]DYDMX� RVORED_DQMH� 12� L]613� �SULYLGQH� NRQVWDQWH� EU]LQH� ]D� UHDNFLMX� RV�ORED_DQMD�12�SRVUHGRYDQX�FLVWHLQRP�L�YLWDPLQRP&�L]QRVH�����×��¬��0�PLQ�L�����×��¬��0�PLQ�UH�VSHNWLYQR���DOL�QH�X�VWHKLRPHWULMVNRM�UHDNFLML�NDR�^WRMH�RaHNLYDQR��'HWDOMQLML�PHKDQL]DQ�QMLKRYRJ�GHMVWYD]DKWHYDR� EL� LQWHQ]LYQLMX� VWXGLMX� RYRJ� SUREOHPD�5D]XOWDWL�GRELMHQL�X�RYRP�UDGX�LPDMX�SRWHQFLMDOQLIL]LROR^NL� ]QDaDM�� MHU�EL�XSRWUHERP�FLVWHLQD� LOL� YL�WDPLQD�&��LOL�NRPELQDFLMRP�RED�VD�613�PRJOD�ELWLUHGXNRYDQD�GR]D�SULPHQMHQRJ�12�GRQRUD��X]�GREL�MDQMH� LVWRJ� HIHNWD�� D� GUDPDWLaQRJ� VPDQMHQMDWRNVLaHQRVWL�XVOHG�RVORED_DQMD�FLMDQLGD�X�NUYRWRN

8YRG$]RW�PRQRNVLG�MH�]D�SRVOHGQMLK�GYDGHVHWDN

JRGLQD�SUH^DR�SXW�RG�RSDVQRJ�SROXWDQWD�CLYRWQHVUHGLQH�GR�IXQGDPHQWDOQRJ�IL]LROR^NRJ�PHGLMDWRUD�L

HIHNWRUD��]D�NRMHJ�MH�SRND]DQR�GD�VH�VLQWHWL]XMH�XVYLP�CLYLP�YUVWDPD��RG�EDNWHULMD�GR�NLaPHQMDND�$]RW�PRQRNVLG�VH�HQGRJHQR�VLQWHWL]XMH�X�VSHFLMDOL�]RYDQLP�WNLYLPD�L]�/�DUJLQLQD�SRPR`X�HQ]LPD�12VLQWD]D��126���D�RVORED_D�NRQVWLWXWLYQR�L�LQGXFLELOQRREDYOMDMX`L�VYRMH�IXQNFLMH�NDR�IL]LROR^NL�UHJXODWRUQL]D�SURFHVD��0RQFDGD�HW�DO��������

)XUFKJRWW�L�=DZDG]NL��������VX�SUYL�SRND]DOLNRQVWULNFLRQR�GHMVWYR�DFHWLOKROLQD�QD�YDVNXODUQHJODWNH�PL^L`H��D�IDNWRU�RGJRYRUDQ�]D�DFHWLOKROLQ�VWLPXOLVDQX�UHODNVDFLMX�MH�QD]YDQ�RSX^WDMX`L�IDNWRUQDVWDR�L]�HQGRWHOD��HQJO��(QGRWHO�'HULYHG�5HOD[LQJ)DFWRU�¬�('5)���0QRJREURMQD�NDVQLMD�LVWUDCLYDQMDVX�SRND]DOD�GD�HQGRWHO�DUWHULMD�RVORED_D�12��WH�GD�MH('5)�XVWYDUL�D]RW�PRQRNVLG��,JQDUUR�������0RQ�FDGD�L�+LJJV�������$UQDO�HW�DO���������

$]RW�PRQRNVLG�VSUHaDYD�DGKH]LMX�WURPERFLWD�LOHXNRFLWD�]D�HQGRWHO�NUYQLK�VXGRYD��LQKLELUD�DJUH�JDFLMX�WURPERFLWD�L�LQGXNXMH�GLVRFLMDFLMX�DJUHJLUDQLKWURPERFLWD��5DGRPVNL�HW�DO���������9LVRNH�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMH�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD�LQKLELUDMX�SUROLIHUDFLMX�`HOLMDJODWNLK�PL^L`D�L�PRJX�LQGXNRYDWL�DSRSWR]X��&KXQJHW�DO���������1HGRVWDWDN�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD�L]D]LYD�XEU�]DQX�DWHURJHQH]X�NRG�CLYRWLQMD��&D\DWWH�HW�DO��������

8�VNODGX�VD�]QDaDMHP�NRML�LPD�SR�CLYRW��QDNRQQMHJRYH�LGHQWLILNDFLMH�NDR�('5)��NUHQXOR�VH�VD�LQ�WHQ]LYQLP�UDGRP�QD�WUDJDQMX�]D�IL]LROR^NL�UHOHYDQW�QLP�GRQRULPD�12�NRML�EL�VH�NRULVWLOL�]D�OHaHQMHKLSHUWHQ]LMH��'YD�WDNYD��SR]QDWD�YL^H�RG�VWRWLQXJRGLQD��VX�ELOL�QLWURJOLFHULQ�L�QDWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLG�XMHGQR�L�MHGLQD�GYD��]D�VDGD�NRUL^aHQD�X�NOLQLaNRMSUDNVL��6WDPOHU��)HHOLVFK�������

1DWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLG��613��¬�1D�[)H�&1��12]

VH�NRULVWL�NDR�OHN�L]ERUD�X�DNXWQRM�KLSHUWHQ]LYQRMNUL]L�MR^�RG�������NDGD�MH�SUYL�SXW�SULPH`HQ�QMHJRYKLSRWHQ]LYQL�HIHNDW�QD�DUWHULMH��

$QD�0LMX^NRYL`���������1LN^L`��&UQRJRUVND�3R�E�����XaHQLFD����UD]UHGD�*LPQD]LMH�®6WRMDQ&HURYL`¯�X�1LN^L`X0(1725��0LOR^�)LOLSRYL`��QDXaQL�VDUDGQLN�+HPLMVNL�IDNXOWHW�X�%HRJUDGX

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 44: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

613�MH�QHRUJDQVNL�NRPSOHNV�VD�JYRC_HP�X�IHURREOLNX�]D�NRML�MH�YH]DQ�12��IRUPDOQR�NDR�12���6SRQWDQR�VH�UDVSDGD�GDMX`L�12��3UL�VYRP�UDVSDGDQMXRQ�WDNR_H�RVORED_D�L�FLMDQLGQH�MRQH��&1¬��NRML�VXSRWHQFLMDOQR�WRNVLaQL�]D�`HOLMH��%H]�RE]LUD�QD�LQ�WHQ]LYQH�VWXGLMH�NRMH�VH�EDYH�RYLP�GRQRURP�PHKDQL�]DP�RVORED_DQMD�12�L]�613�MR^�XYHN�MH�QHSR]QDW�)HHOLVFK�L�6WDPOHU�������<DPDPRWR�L�%LQJ�������.DGD�VH�PHUL�SURGXNFLMD�12�X�LQ�YLWUR�XVORYLPD�RQDMH�GDOHNR�PDQMD�RG�IL]LROR^NRJ�HIHNWD�NRML�VH�SRVWLCH�1HNL�DXWRUL�PLVOH�GD�EL�IL]LROR^NL�HIHNDW�QLWURSUXVLGDPRJDR�SRWLFDWL�RG�QMHJRYH�LQWHUDNFLMH�VD�WLROLPDSULVXWQLP�X�SOD]PL��SD�EL�X�UHDNFLMDPD�WUDQVQLWUR]L�ORYDQMD� ELOR� SRMDaDQR� 12� GRQRUVNR� GHMVWYR�)HHOLVFK�L�6WDPOHU�������%XWOHU�L�0HJVRQ�������

[)H�&1��1265]�¬�Kν

→�[)H�&1��]�¬���5612[)H�&1��]�¬���+�2�→[)H�&1��+�2]

�¬��5612�→��⁄��5665���12'DOMH��EURMQL�HIHNWL�NRML�SRWLaX�RG�613�VH�RGYL�

MDMX� SUHNR� PHKDQL]PD� QLWUR]LODFLMH�� NRML� SR�GUD]XPHYD�WUDQVIHU�12���D�QH�12��^WR�MH�L�X�VNODGXVD�QHNLP�QDOD]LPD�GD�MH�613�SUHWHCQR�12��GRQRU�%XWOHU�L�0HJVRQ�������

&LOM�RYRJ�UDGD�ELR�MH�GD�LVSLWD�HIHNWH�FLVWHLQD�&\V��L�YLWDPLQD�&��$VF+¬��QD�SURGXNFLMX�12�L]613��&LVWHLQ�MH�X�RYRM�VWXGLML�VOXCLR�NDR�PRGHOVLVWHP�]D�UHDNFLMX�VD�WLROLPD��GRN�MH�YLWDPLQ�&�ELRUHGXNXMX`H�VUHGVWYR�]D�12��GR�12��1D�RYDM�QDaLQEL�VH�GRELR�XYLG�X�SRWHQFLMDOH�UHDNFLMH�NRMH�VH�GH^D�YDMX�X�LQ�YLYR�XVORYLPD��DOL�L�RWYRULOR�SLWDQMH�NRP�ELQRYDQMD�RYLK�VXSVWDQFL�VD�613�X�FLOMX�SRYH`DQMDQMHJRYH�HILNDVQRVWL��D�VPDQMHQMD�GR]H��WM��WRNVLaQRVWL�

0DWULMDO�L�PHWRGH8�UDGX�VX�NRUL^`HQH�VOHGH`H�VXSVWDQFH��YLWDPLQ

&��FLVWHLQ�����P0�NDOLMXP�IRVIDWQL�SXIIHU�L�QDWULMXPQLWURSUXVLG��6XSVWDQFH�VX�QDEDYOMHQH�RG�6LJPH�

+HPRJORELQ�MH�GRELMHQ�SR�VWDQGDUGQRP�SRV�WXSNX�L]�KXPDQH�NUYL��8NUDWNR��NUY�VD�DQWLNRDJXODQ�VRP��QDWULMXP�FLWUDW��MH�FHQWULIXJRYDQD���PLQ�QD�����R�PLQ��QDNRQ�aHJD�MH�RGYRMHQD�SOD]PD��D�WDORJHULWURFLWD�MH�LVSUDQ�GYD�SXWD�KODGQLP���~&��IL]L�ROR^NLP�UDVWYRURP�������1D&O���+HPROL]D�HULWURFLWDL�RGYDMDQMH�PHPEUDQD�MH�YU^HQR�GRGDWNRP�GYH

]DSUHPLQH�GHVWLORYDQH�YRGH�L�MHGQH�]DSUHPLQH�KORUR�IRUPD�X]�HQHUJLaQR�PH^DQMH�QD�9RUWH[�PH^DOLFL�0HPEUDQH�VX�RGYRMHQH�FHQWULIXJRYDQMHP�KHPROL]DWD������R�PLQ���D�UDVWYRU�KHPRJORELQD�MH�RGYRMHQ�LSRGYUJQXW�GLMDOL]L���~&��QDVSUDP�0LOL�4�YRGH�WRNRP���VDWD�X]�YL^HVWUXNX�L]PHQX�YRGH�����µ0�UDVWYRUKHPRJORELQD�MH�NRUL^`HQ�]D�RNVLKHPRJORELQVNL�HVHM�

2NVLKHPRJORELQVNL�HVHM�VH�]DVQLYD�QD�RNVLGDFLMLKHPRJORELQD�GR�PHWKHPRJORELQD��X�UHDNFLML�VD�RV�ORER_HQLP�12��̂ WR�VH�RGUDCDYD�QD�VSHNWUDOQH�NDUDN�WHULVWLNH�UDVWYRUD��8�UDVWYRU�RNVLKHPRJORELQD�GRGDYDQMH�613�X�RSVHJX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD����������µ0��RGQRVQR����µ0�613�L�&\V�LOL�$VF+¬�X�RSVHJX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD��������µ0��6QLPDQL�VX�GLIHUHQFLMDOQL�VSHNWUL��DNRQFQHWUDFLMD�RVORER_HQRJ�12�SUHUDaXQDWD�QD�RV�QRYX�UD]LONH�X�DSVRUEDQFDPD�QD�����L�����QP��(� ����P0¬���

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD6SRQDWDQR�RVORED_DQMH�12�L]�613�X�LQ�YLWUR�XV�

ORYLPD�X�NDOLMXP�IRVIDWQRP�SXIHUX�QD�S+�����MHSUD`HQR�RNVLKHPRJORELQVNLP�HVHMHP��3ULPHQMXMX`LHNVWLQNFLRQL�NRHILFLMHQW�RG����P�0�]D�UD]OLNX�X�DS�VRUEDQFDPD�QD�����L�����QP��RGUH_HQD�MH�EU]LQDSURGXNFLMH�12�L]�613�X�RSVHJX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�RG���������µ0��VOLND��$���,]�JUDILND�]DYLVQRVWL�EU]LQHRG� NRQFHQWUDFLMH� 613� �VOLND� �%�� RGUH_HQD� MHSULYLGQD�NRQVWDQWD�EU]LQH�SURGXNFLMH�12�L]�613�LRQD�L]QRVL�N� �����×��¬��0�PLQ¬���2YD�YUHGQRVW�MHX�GREURP�VODJDQMX�VD�SRGDFLPD�NRMH�VX�GRELOL�6PLWKL�'DVJXSWD��������

'RELMHQL�UH]XOWDWL�MR^�MHGQRP�VX�SRWYUGLOL�GD�MHRVORED_DQMH�12�L]�613�LQ�YLWUR�GDOHNR�PDQMH�RGRQRJ�QD_HQRJ�LQ�YLYR��%XWOHU�L�0HJVRQ������XND]XMX`L�QD�WR�GD�VH�SUL�UDVSDGDQMX�12�RVORED_DVDPR�MHGQLP�GHORP�GRN�VH�YHURYDWQR�YH`L�GHR�RV�ORED_D�X�YLGX�12��NRML�X�YRGL�ELYD�RGPDK�SUHYHGHQX�QLWULW�

'D�EL�SRWYUGLOL�RYX�KLSRWH]X��D�X�FLOMX�SREROM^D�QMD�12�GRQRUVNH�HILNDVQRVWL�613��X�����µ0�UDVWYRUQDWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLGD�VX�GRGDYDQL�FLVWHLQ�LOL�YLWDPLQ&��6OLND���VXPLUD�UH]XOWDWH�NRQFHQWUDFLMVNRJ�HIHNWDREH�VXSVWDQFH�QD�NLQHWLNX�RVORER_HQRJ�12��6D�VOLNHVH�YLGL�GD�REH�VXSVWDQFH�]QDaDMQR�SRYH`DYDMXNROLaLQX�RVORER_HQRJ�D]RW�PRQRNVLGD��SUL�aHPX�MHHILNDVQRVW�FLVWHLQD�X�RYRP�SURFHVX�]QDWQR�YH`D��,]QDJLED�SUDYLK�PRJX�VH�SUHUDaXQDWL�SULYLGQH�NRQ�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 45: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

VWDQWH�EU]LQH�]D�UHDNFLMX�FLVWHLQD�L�YLWDPLQD�&�VD�613NRMH�L]QRVH�����×��¬��0PLQ¬��L�����×��¬��0PLQ¬�UHVSHNWLYQR��

(IHNDW�REH�VXSVWDQFH�VH�SRND]DR�OLQHDUQLP�QDRVORED_DQMH�12�X�^LURNRP�RSVHJX�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�=DQLPOMLYR�MH�GD�L�SUL�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD�YH`LP�RGNRQFHQWUDFLMH�GRGDWRJ�613�GROD]L�GR�SRYH`DQMD�SUR�GXNFLMH�12��XND]XMX`L�GD�UHDNFLMD�QLMH�MHGQRVWDYQR

VWHKLRPHWULMVND��YH`�YHURYDWQR�NRPSOHNVQLMD�QHJR^WR�MH�RaHNLYDQR��

9H`D�EU]LQD�GRELMHQD�]D�FLVWHLQ�PRCH�VH�REMDVQLWLWUDQVQLWUR]LODFLMRP��WM��SUHQRVRP�12��JUXSH�VD�613QD�&\V�X]�LVWRYUHPHQR�VWYDUDQMH�QLWUR]LO�FLVWHLQD�&\V12���2YD�UHDNFLMD�EL�PRJOD�ELWL�VWHKLRPHWULMVND�D�GD�RQR�^WR�PL�YLGLPR�NDR�RVORED_DQMH�12�SRWLaHL]�&\V12��&\V12�MH�SR]QDW�NDR�QHVWDELOQD�VXS�VWDQFD�NRMD�RVORED_D�12��6WDPOHU�L�)HHOLVFK�������SRVHEQR�X�SULVXVWYX�MRQD�PHWDOD��NRML�VX�X�QD^HPVOXaDMX�QHPLQRYQRVW�XVOHG�UDVSDGDQMD�613��'DOMH�UHDNFLMD�VD�&\V�EL�PRJOD�GD�REMDVQL�YH`X�HILNDVQRVWQD_HQX�X�LQ�YLYR�HNVSHULPHQWLPD��V�RE]LURP�QD�VYH�SULVXWQRVW�6+�JUXSD�X�FLUNXODFLML�

6�GUXJH�VWUDQH�YLWDPLQ�&��SR�QHNLP�DXWRULPD�PRCH�GD�UHGXNXMH�12��GR�12�VDP�VH�RNVLGXMX`L�GRDVNRUELO�UDGLNDOD��0H_XWLP�RYD�UHDNFLMD�VH�QLMHSRND]DOD�NDR�VWHKLRPHWULMVND�QD�SULPHUX�UHGXNFLMH12��RVORER_HQRJ�L]�]DNL^HOMHQRJ�QLWULWD��YDQ�'DKQ������

%H]�RE]LUD�QD�EURMQD�SLWDQMD�NRMD�UH]XOWDWLRWYDUDMX��RQL�WDNR_H�SUXCDMX�PRJX`H�UH^HQMH�]D�SURE�OHP�WRNVLaQRVWL�NRML�VH�MDYOMD�SULOLNRP�XSRWUHEH�613�1DLPH��XSRWUHED�613�X�NRPELQDFLML�VD�&\V�LOL

%

6OLND����2VORED_DQMH�12�L]�613�SUD`HQRRNVLKHPRJORELQVNLP�HVHMHP��$��3URGXNFLMD�12�WRNRPYUHPHQD�L]�613��%��%U]LQD�SURGXNFLMH�D]RW�PRQRNVLGDX�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�GRGDWRJ�613��1DJLESUDYH�SUHGVWDYOMD�SULYLGQX�NRQVWDQWX�EU]LQH�)LJXUH����12�UHOHDVH�IURP�613�ZDV�PHDVXUHG�E\R[\KHPRJORELQ�DVVD\��$��5DWH�RI�12�UHOHDVH�IURP613�GHSHQGLQJ�RQ�WLPH��%��12�SURGXFWLRQ�UDWHGHSHQGLQJ�RQ�613�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��7KH�VORSH�UHSUHVHQWVDSSDUHQW�UDWH�FRQVWDQW�

$6OLND����(IHNDW�FLVWHLQD�L�YLWDPLQD�&�QD�SURGXNFLMX�12L]�613��8�����0�UDVYWRU�613�GRGDYDQH�VXNRQFHQWUDFLMH�&\V�L�$VF+¬�GDWH�QD�[�RVL��1DJLE�SUDYLKSUHGVWDYOMD�SULYLGQX�NRQVWDQWX�EU]LQH�)LJXUH����7KH�HIIHFWV�RI�YLWDPLQ�&�DQG�&\V�RQ�12UHOHDVH�IURP�613��&\V�DQG�$VF+�ZHUH�PL[HG�ZLWK613�VROXWLRQ�DQG�WKHLU�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�DUH�UHSHVHQWHG�RQWKH�[�D[LV�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 46: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

$VF+¬�LOL�RED��PRJOD�EL�GD�UHGXNXMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMXSULPHQMHQRJ�GRQRUD�L�GR�GHVHW�SXWD��X]�SRVWL]DQMH�LV�WLK�HIHNDWD��6PDQMHQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�613�VPDQMLOREL�NROLaLQX�RVORER_HQRJ�&1¬��SUL�aHPX�QL�&\V�QL$VF+¬�QH�EL�LPDOL�^WHWQH�HIHNWH�SR�`HOLMH�

=DNOMXaDN5H]XODWDWL�GRELMHQL�LVSLWLYDQMHP�RVORED_DQMD�12

L]�QDWULMXP�QLWURSUXVLGD�X�LQ�YLWUR�XVORYLPD��MDVQR�VXXND]DOD�GD�613�WRNRP�VYRJ�VSRQWDQRJ�UDVSDGDQMDQH�RVORED_D�VDPR�12�YH`�YHURYDWQR�YH`LP�GHORP12���&LVWHLQ�L�DVNRUEDW�XEU]DYDMX�RVORED_DQMH�12�L]613��DOL�QH�X�VWHKLRPHWULMVNRM�UHDNFLML�NDR�^WR�MHRaHNLYDQR��'HWDOMQLML�PHKDQL]DQ�QMLKRYRJ�GHMVWYD�]D�KWHYDR�EL�LQWHQ]LYQLMX�VWLGLMX�QD�RYRP�SUREOHPX�5D]XOWDWL�GRELMHQL�X�RYRP�UDGX�LPDMX�SRWHQFLMDOQLIL]LROR^NL�]QDaDM�8SRWUHED�FLVWHLQD�LOL�YLWDPLQD�&��LOLNRPELQDFLMRP�RED�VD�613�PRJOD�ELWL�UHGXNRYDQDGR]D�SULPHQMHQRJ�12�GRQRUD��SUL�aHPX�EL�VH�GRELRLVWL�HIHNDW��=QDaDMQR�VPDQMHQMH�WRNVLaHQRVWL�NRMDQDVWDMH�RVORED_DQMHP�FLMDQLGD�X�NUYRWRN

=DKYDOQRVW��=DKYDOMXMHP�VH�PHQWRUX�0LOR^X)LOLSRYL`X�QD�SRPR`L�SULOLNRP�L]UDGH�RYRJ�UDGD�

/LWHUDWXUD$UQDO�-��)���'LQK�;XDQ�$�7���3XH\R�0���'DUEODGH%����5DPL�-��������(QGRWKHOLXP�GHULYHG�QLWULFR[LGH�DQG�YDVFXODU�SK\VLRORJ\�DQG�SDWKRORJ\�&HOO�0RO��/LIH�6FL������������%XWOHU�$���0HJVRQ�,��������1RQ�KHPH�LURQQLWURV\OV�LQ�ELRORJ\��&KHP��5HY��������������&D\DWWH�$��-���3DODFLQR�-��-���+RUWHQ�.����&RKHQ5��$��������&KURQLF�LQKLELWLRQ�RI�QLWULF�R[LGHSURGXFWLRQ�DFFHOHUDWHV�QHRLQWLPD�IRUPDWLRQ�DQGLPSDLUV�HQGRWKHOLDO�IXQFWLRQ�LQK\SHUFKROHVWHUROHPLF�UDEELWV��$UWHULRVFOHU�7KURPE�����������&KXQJ�+��7���3DH�+��2���&KRL�%��0���%LOOLDU�7�5����.LP�<��0��������1LWULF�R[LGH�DV�DELRUHJXODWRU�RI�DSRSWRVLV��%LRFKHP��%LRSK\V��5HV�&RPPXQ�������������)HHOLVFK�0���6WDPOHU�-��6��������12�GRQRUV��,Q0HWKRGV�LQ�QLWULF�R[LGH�UHVHDUFK��HG��)HHOLVFK�0�DQG�6WDPOHU�-��6����:LOH\��SS�������)XUFKJRWW�5��)���=DZDG]NL�-�9��������7KHREOLJDWRU\�UROH�RI�HQGRWKHOLDO�FHOOV�LQ�WKH

UHOD[DWLRQ�RI�DUWHULDO�VPRRWK�PXVFOH�E\DFHW\OFKROLQH��1DWXUH�����������,JQDUUR�/��-��������%LRORJLFDO�DFWLRQV�DQGSURSHUWLHV�RI�HQGRWKHOLXP�GHULYHG�QLWULF�R[LGHIRUPHG�DQG�UHOHDVHG�IURP�DUWHU\�DQG�YHLQ��&LUF�5HV���������0RQFDGD�6���3DOPHU�5��0���+LJJV��(��$�������1LWULF�R[LGH��SK\VLRORJ\��SDWKRSK\VLRORJ\��DQGSKDUPDFRORJ\��3KDUPDFRO��5HY�����������3DOPHU�5��0���)HUULJH�$��*���0RQFDGD��6�������1LWULF�R[LGH�UHOHDVH�DFFRXQWV�IRU�WKH�ELRORJLFDODFWLYLW\�RI�HQGRWKHOLXP�GHULYHG�UHOD[LQJ�IDFWRU�1DWXUH�����������5DGRPVNL�0�:���=DNDU�7����6DODV�(�������1LWULF�R[LGH�LQ�SODWHOHWV��0HWKRGV�(Q]\PRO����������6PLWK�-��1���'DVJXSWD�7�������0HFKDQLVP�RIQLWULF�R[LGH�UHOHDVH�IURP�QLWURYDVRGLODWRUV�LQDTXHRXV�VROXWLRQ��-��,QRUJ�%LRFKHP�����������<DPDPRWR�7���%LQJ�5��������1LWULF�R[LGHGRQRUV��([SHULPHQWDO�ELRORJ\�DQG�PHGLFLQH�����������

$QD�0LMX^NRYL`7KH�(IIHFWV�RI�9LWDPLQ�&�DQG&\VWHLQH�RQ�12�5HOHDVH�IURP�6RGLXP1LWURSUXVVLGH

1LWULF�R[LGH��12��SOD\V�LPSRUWDQW�UROHV�DV�DUHJXODWRU�RI�SK\VLRORJLFDO�IXQFWLRQV�LQ�WKH�FDUGLRYDV�FXODU��LPPXQH��DQG�QHUYRXV�V\VWHPV��+RZHYHU��DQLPEDODQFH�LQ�12�SURGXFWLRQ�LV�LPSOLFDWHG�LQ�PDQ\GLVHDVHV�LQFOXGLQJ�K\SHUWHQVLRQ��DUWHULRVFOHURVLV��LV�FKHPLD�UHSHUIXVLRQ�LQMXU\��GLDEHWHV�DQG�QHXURGHJHQ�HUDWLYH�GLVRUGHUV��12�LV�JHQHUDWHG�LQ�ELRORJLFDOWLVVXHV�E\�VSHFLILF�QLWULF�R[LGH�V\QWKDVHV��126�ZKLFK�PHWDEROL]H�DUJLQLQH�WR�FLWUXOOLQH�ZLWK�WKH�IRU�PDWLRQ�RI�12��1LWURSUXVVLGH��613��KDV�D�VSHFLDOSODFH�DPRQJ�LURQ�QLWURV\O�FRPSOH[HV�ZLWK�ELRORJLFDODFWLYLW\��,W�LV�D�KLJKO\�HIIHFWLYH�K\SRWHQVLYH�DJHQWZLWK�IHZ�XQGHVLUDEOH�VLGH�HIIHFWV��ZLFK�LQFOXGH�F\D�QLGH�UHOHDVH��,Q�YLHZ�RI�ZKDW�ZH�QRZ�NQRZ�DERXWWKH�ELRORJLFDO�HIIHFW�RI�12��LW�LV�JHQHUDOO\�DVVXPHGWKDW�QLWURSUXVVLGH�LV�K\SRWHQVLYH�EHFDXVH�LW�LV�DQ�12GRQRU�GUXJ��+RZHYHU��WKH�FRPSOHWH�FKHPLVWU\�O\LQJEHKLQG�LWV�12�GRQDWLQJ�SURSUHWLHV�UHPDLQ�XQFOHDU�VR

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 47: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

IDU��,Q�WKLV�VWXG\�ZH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�WKH�HIIHFW�RI�YLWD�PLQ�&�DQG�F\VWHLQH�RQ�12�UHOHDVH�IURP�QLWURSUXV�VLGH��12�UHOHDVH�ZDV�PHDVXUHG�E\�R[\KHPRJORELQDVVD\��ZKLFK�KDV�EHHQ�SURYHG�WR�EH�HIILFLHQW�DQGPRVW�XVHG�IRU�WKLV�W\SH�RI�H[SHULPHQWV��)URP�WKH�UD�WHV�RI�UHOHDVHG�12�ZH�FDOFXODWHG�WKH�DSSDUHQW�UDWHFRQVWDQW�IRU�WKLV�UHDFWLRQ��N� �����×��¬��0PLQ¬��ILQGLQJ�LW�LQ�JRRG�DJUHHPHQW�ZLWK�WKRVH�GHVFULEHG�LQOLWHUDWXUH��+RZHYHU��WKLV�UHVXOW�FOHDUO\�LQGLFDWHG�WKDW613�LV�QRW�RQO\�DQ�12�GRQRU��EXW�PRVW�OLNHO\�DQ12��GRQRU�DV�ZHOO��)ROORZLQJ�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�ZLWK�F\V�WHLQH��ZKLFK�FDQ�UHDFW�ZLWK�12��\LHOGLQJ�&\V12��RU

YLWDPLQ�&��ZKLFK�FDQ�UHGXFH�12��WR�12��ZH�IRXQGDQ�LQFUHDVH�RI�12�UHOHDVHG�IURP�613�ZLWK�DSSDUHQWUDWH�FRQVWDQWV�����×��¬��0PLQ¬��DQG�����×��¬�0PLQ¬���UHVSHFWLYHO\��(YHQ�WKRXJK�WKH�UHVXOWV�RSHQD�ORW�RI�TXHVWLRQV�WR�EH�VROYHG�FRQFHUQLQJ�WKHPHFKDQLVP�RI�WKH�REVHUYHG�SKHQRPHQRQ��WKH\�DOVRRIIHU�D�SRVVLEOH�SK\VLRORJLFDOO\�UHOHYDQW�VROXWLRQ�IRU613�LQGXFHG�WR[LFLW\��0L[LQJ�RI�613�ZLWK�YLWDPLQ&��RU�F\VWHLQH��RU�ERWK�SULRU�WR�LWV�DSSOLFDWLRQ�FRXOGLQFUHDVH�WKH�DPRXQW�RI�UHOHDVHG�12�VHYHUDO�WLPHV�DO�ORZLQJ�WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�DSSOLHG�GUXJ�WR�EHGHFUHDVHG��WKXV�OHDGLQJ�WR�ORZHU�F\DQLGH�WR[LFLW\�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 48: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

0LOHQD�3HWURYL`

2SWLPL]DFLMD�KHPLMVNRJSUHaL^`DYDQMD�RWSDGQHYRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�L]�SURFHVDREUDGH�RERMHQLK�PHWDOD

&LOM�RYRJ�UDGD�MH�XQDSUH_HQMH�SRVWXSND�]D�REUDGXRWSDGQLK�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD�L]�SURFHVD�REUDGH�RER�MHQLK�PHWDOD�� ,VSLWLYDQMH� SRVWXSND� MH� L]YU^HQR� QDODERUDWRULMVNRP�QLYRX�NRULVWH`L�NDR�PRGHO�HPXO]LMXQDSUDYOMHQX�RG�XOMD�)HVRO�����)$0��.UX^HYDF�� LGHVWLORYDQH� YRGH��(PXO]LMD� MH� WUHWLUDQD� UDVWYRURPJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD�QD�UD]OLaLWLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD����������L������(ILNDVQRVW�KHPLMVNRJ�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�MHPHUHQD�RGUH_LYDQMHP�KHPLMVNH�SRWUR^QMH�NLVHRQLND�+3.�� NRULVWH`L� NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDW� NDR�RNVLGX�MX`L�UHDJHQV��7DNR_H��LVSLWLYDQ�MH�XWLFDM�NDOFLMXPR�YRJ� MRQD�QD�SURFHV�SUHUDGH�HPXO]LMH��1D�RVQRYXGRELMHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�GHILQLVDQ�MH�RSWLPDOQL�SRVWXSDNKHPLMVNRJ�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�PHWRGRP�WDORCHQMD�UDVWYR�URP�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD��1D_HQR�MH�GD�VX�RSWLPDOQLXVORYL� ]D�REUDGX�RWSDGQLK�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD�� MDNRED]QD�VUHGLQD��NRQFHQWUDFLMD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD�RG����PPRO�GP��L�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD�RG����PPRO�GP���7DNR_H��PHUHQD�MH�HILNDVQRVW�XNOD�QMDQMD� WH^NLK� PHWDOD� WRNRP� KHPLMVNH� REUDGH� RW�SDGQH�YRGHQH�HPXO]LMH��8WYU_HQR�MH�GD�VH� WRNRPREUDGH� RWSDGQH� YRGHQH� HPXO]LMH� XNODQMD� YL^H� RG���� EDNUD� L� FLQND�� WDNR� GD� MH� ]DRVWDOD� NRQFHQ�WUDFLMD�RYLK�PHWDOD�YL^H�RG�GYDGHVHW�SXWD�PDQMD�RGPDNVLPDOQLK�SURSLVRP�GR]YROMHQLK�YUHGQRVWL�]D�RYHPHWDOH�

8YRG3RPR`QD�VUHGVWYD�SUL�REUDGL�PHWDOD�REH]EH_XMX

UDVKOD_LYDQMH�L�SRGPD]LYDQMH�X�WRNX�REUDGH�L�WLPHSURGXCDYDMX�YHN�WUDMDQMD�DODWD��1DM^LUX�SULPHQX�XPQRJLP�SURFHVLPD�REUDGH�LPDMX�PLQHUDOQD�XOMD��NDR^WR�VX�)HVRO����L�)HVRO�����)$0��.UX^HYDF���3RUHG

SR]LWLYQLK�HIHNDWD�QD�SURFHV�REUDGH�PHWDOD��SRPR`QDVUHGVWYD�SUL�REUDGL�PHWDOD�PRJX�LPDWL�L�QHJDWLYDQXWLFDM�QD�CLYRWQX�VUHGLQX��1D�RWSDGQH�YRGH��QDVWDOHQDNRQ�SURFHVD�REUDGH�PHWDOD��SRVOHGQMLK�GHVHWDNJRGLQD�VH�JOHGD�NDR�QD�NUDMQMH�RSDVQH�]DJD_LYDaH�-HGDQ�RG�QDaLQD�GD�VH�WD�RSDVQRVW�VPDQML�MH�SUHaL^�`DYDQMH�RWSDGQLK�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD�SUH�RGODJDQMD�+HPLMVND�NRDJXODFLMD��L]D�NRMH�VOHGL�JUDYLWDFLRQRWDORCHQMH��aHVWR�VH�SULPHQMXMH�]D�SUHaL^`DYDQMH�RWSDGQLKYRGD�RYH�YUVWH��8�RYLP�SURFHVLPD�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�NDRNRDJXODQWL�QDMaH^`H�VH�NRULVWH�DOXPLQLMXP�VXOIDW�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULG��KLGUDWLVDQL�NUHa�L�SROLHOHNWUROLWL�&KHUHPLVLQRII��������3ULOLNRP�KLGUROL]H�VROL�DOXPL�QLMXPD�L�JYRC_D�GROD]L�GR�IRUPLUDQMD�WH^NR�UDVWYRU�QLK�KLGURNVLGD�NRML�VH�X�YRGL�SRQD^DMX�NDR�NRORLGL�LVNORQL�VX�DJORPHUDFLML��7H^NR�UDVWYRUQL�KLGURNVLGLPHWDOD�SULVXWQH�]DJD_LYDaH�X�YRGL�XNOMXaXMX�X�VYRMXVWUXNWXUX�LOL�LK�DGVRUEXMX�QD�SRYU^LQL�DJUHJDWD��*YRC�_H�,,,��KORULG�NDR�NRDJXODQW�GDMH�GREUH�UH]XOWDWH�]DQDM^LUL�RSVHJ�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�L�S+��SRJRWRYR�]D�S+YUHGQRVWL�L]QDG����.XXVLN��9LLVLPDD�������

+HPLMVNL�SRVWXSDN��UD]YLMHQ�QD�7HKQROR^NRP�ID�NXOWHWX�X�/HVNRYFX��VDVWRML�VH�X�GHORYDQMX�DOXPLQL�MXP�VXOIDWD� NDR�NRDJXODQWD��NRML� GHVWDELOL]XMHHPXO]LMX��L�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD��NDR�ED]H�L�WDORCQRJVUHGVWYD��NRML�SRYH`DYD�S+�VXVSHQ]LMH�L�WDORCL�SULVXW�QH�MRQH�PHWDOD�X�REOLNX�KLGURNVLGD�

8�RYRP�LVWUDCLYDQMX�KHPLMVND�REUDGD�PRGHODYRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�VDVWRML�VH�X�GHORYDQMX�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD�NDR�NRDJXODQWD��3R]QDWR�MH�GD�DOXPLQLMXP�VXOIDW��NRML�VH�NRULVWL�NDR�NRDJXODQW�X�SURFHVLPDKHPLMVNRJ�SUHaL^`DYDQMD��X�NRPELQDFLML�VD�KLGUDWL�VDQLP�NUHaRP�QH�VDPR�GD�L]D]LYD�NRDJXODFLMXNRORLGQLK�aHVWLFD��YH`�L�VPDQMXMH�VLOH�DGKH]LMH�aLPHVH�RODN^DYD�GHKLGUDWDFLMD�PXOMD��)UHVHQLXV�HW�DO���������8�FLOMX�XWYU_LYDQMD�XWLFDMD�NDOFLMXPRYLK�MRQDLVSLWDQD�MH�L�HILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�JYRC_H�,,,��KOR�ULGRP�X]�GRGDWDN�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD�

�&LOM�LVWUDCLYDQMD�MH�L]QDODCHQMH�RSWLPDOQLK�XV�ORYD�]D�KHPLMVNR�SUHaL^`DYDQMH�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD

0LOHQD�3HWURYL`���������9ODVRWLQFH�-XCQRPRUDYVNLK�EULJDGD����XaHQLFD����UD]UHGD*LPQD]LMH�®6WHYDQ�-DNRYOMHYL`¯�X�9ODVRWLQFX0(1725��GU�=RUDQ�7RGRURYL`��GRFHQW�QD�7HKQROR^NRPIDNXOWHWX�X�/HVNRYFX�8QLYHU]LWHWD�X�1L^X

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 49: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

PLQHUDOQLK�XOMD��)HVRO�����QDVWDOLK�X�SURFHVX�REUDGHRERMHQLK�PHWDOD�

0DWHULMDO�L�PHWRGH0RGHO�YRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�QDSUDYOMHQ�MH�UDVWYDUDQMHP

�����J�XOMD�)HVRO����X���GP��GHVWLORYDQH�YRGH��1DRYRP�PRGHOX�MH�QD�UD]OLaLWLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD����������L�����LVSLWLYDQ�XWLFDM�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�MRQD�NDOFLMXPDQD�HILNDVQRVW�KHPLMVNRJ�SUHaL^`DYDQMD��NRMD�MH�PHUHQDSUHNR�VPDQMHQMD�RUJDQVNRJ�RSWHUH`HQMD�L�NRQFHQWUDFLMHMRQD�EDNUD�L�FLQND��(ILNDVQRVW�L]GYDMDQMD�RUJDQVNH�PD�WHULMH�SUD`HQD�MH�PHUHQMHP�SRWUR^QMH�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQ�JDQDWD�SUH�L�SRVOH�REUDGH�HPXO]LMH��GRN�MH�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPHWDOD�RGUH_LYDQD�PHWRGRP�DWRPVNH�DSVRUSFLRQHVSHNWURIRWRPHWULMH��7DNR_H��SUD`HQD�MH�EU]LQD�VHGLPHQ�WDFLMH��RGQRVQR�PHUHQD�YLVLQD�VWXED�ELVWUH�WHaQRVWLVYDNLK����VHNXQGL�WRNRP�SUYD���PLQXWD��]DWLP�QDUHGQLK��PLQXWD�X�SHULRGLPD�RG����VHNXQGL�L�X�SHULRGLPD�RG����VHNXQGL�SRVOHGQMLK����PLQXWD�WDORCHQMD��

2EUD_LYDQR�MH�SR�����FP��YRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�GR�GDYDQMHP���FP��UDVWYRUD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD��NRQ�FHQWUDFLMH������PRO�GP����3ULOLNRP�LVSLWLYDQMD�XWLFDMDNDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD�QD�HILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�XSUREH�MH�GRGDYDQR�SR��������������L�����PJ�KLGUD�WLVDQRJ�NUHaD��8�PRGHOH�YRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�WDNR_H�VXGRGDYDQH����������L����0'.�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�EDNUD�LFLQND� SULOLNRP� LVSLWLYDQMD� XWLFDMD� KHPLMVNRJSUHaL^`DYDQMD�QD�QMLKRYH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH��1DNRQ�GR�GDYDQMD�UDVWYRUD��HPXO]LMD�MH�PH^DQD���PLQXWD�EU]L�QRP�����REUWDMD�PLQ��ID]D�NRDJXODFLMH���D�]DWLP���PLQXWD�EU]LQRP�RG����REUWDMD�PLQ��ID]D�IORNXODFLMH��7DNR�L]PH^DQL�PRGHO�VLVWHP�RVWDYOMHQ�MH�GD�VHVWDORCL�L�SUL�WRPH�MH�SUD`HQD�SURPHQD�YLVLQH�VWXEDELVWUH�WHaQRVWL�L]QDG�WDORJD�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�YUHPHQD�

=D�RGUH_LYDQMH�SRWUR^QMH�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWDX]HWR�MH����FP��HPXO]LMH��NRMD�MH�]DWLP��X]�GRGDWDN��FP��+�62���������]DJUHYDQD�GR�NOMXaDQMD��8�NOMXaDOLUDVWYRU�GRGDWR�MH�����FP�� .0Q2�� �F� �������PRO�GP���L�QDVWDYOMHQR�VD�]DJUHYDQMHP��8�SUREH�MH]DWLP� GRGDYDQR� ���� FP�� RNVDOQH� NLVHOLQH�F� ��������PRO�GP����7DNR�REH]ERMHQL�UDVWYRU�MHWLWURYDQ�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWRP�GR�SRMDYH�UXCLaDVWHERMH��SRVWRMDQH����V��8NROLNR�EL�SULOLNRP�GRGDYDQMD����FP��.0Q2��GR^OR�GR�REH]ERMDYDQMD�UDVWYRUD�GR�GDWH�NROLaLQH�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWD�VX�SRYH`DYQH�3RaHN��������=D�SURUDaXQ�SRWUR^QMH�NDOLMXP�SHUPD�JDQDWD�NRUL^`HQD�MH�VOHGH`D�IRUPXOD�

3�=�[(D�+�F)�⋅�0′�−��E0′′

� ]

9 �⋅������⋅��������PJ�GP��JGH�MH��3�¬�SRWUR^QMD�.0Q2��X�PJ�GP���0′�¬�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMD�.0Q2���0′′�¬�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�+�&�2���F¬�]DSUHPLQD�UDVWYRUD�.0Q2��NRQFHQWUDFLMH�0′�XWUR�^HQRJ�]D�WLWUDFLMX�X�FP���9�¬�]DSUHPLQD�X]RUND�XFP���D�¬�]DSUHPLQD�UDVWYRUD�.0Q2��NRQFHQWUDFLMH0±��GRGDWRJ�X]RUNX��X�FP���E�¬�]DSUHPLQD�UDVWYRUD+�&�2��NRQFHQWUDFLMH�0′′��GRGDWRJ�X]RUNX��X�FP��

8� ]DYLVQRVWL� RG� SUREH�� HPXO]LML� VX� GRGDWLUDVWYRUL�UD]OLaLWLK�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�WH^NLK�PHWDOD��NRMHVX�MHGQDNH�LOL�YL^HVWUXNR�YH`H��������L����SXWD��RGPDNVLPDOQR�GR]YROMHQLK�YUHGQRVWL��0'.���0'.YUHGQRVW�]D�EDNDU�L]QRVL���PJ�GP���D�]D�FLQN��PJ�GP���/MXELVDYOMHYL`�HW�DO��������

(ILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�VH�UDaXQD�SR�IRUPXOL��3R�¬�3��3R��JGH�3R�SUHGVWDYOMD�XWUR^HQX�NROLaLQX�ND�OLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWD�SUH�REUDGH�HPXO]LMH�L�L]QRVL�����PJ�GP��HPXO]LMH��D�3�XWUR^HQX�NROLaLQX�NDOL�MXP�SHUPDQJDQDWD�QDNRQ�RGUH_HQH�KHPLMVNH�REUDGH�

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD8�WDEHODPD���L���SULND]DQH�VX�YUHGQRVWL�SRWUR^QMH�ND�

OLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWD�L�HILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHODYRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�GRGDWNRP�UDVWYRUD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGDVD�L�EH]�GRGDWND�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD������PPRO�GP���

7DEHOD����3RWUR^HQD�NROLaLQD�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWD�L�HILNDVQRVWL�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHODYRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�WUHWLUDQH�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�S+ 3.0Q2��

[PJ�/�](ILNDVQRVW����

� ��� ����� ��� ������ ��� ������ ��� ����

'RGDWNRP�NRDJXODQWD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD�VWYDUDVH�VXVSHQ]LMD�IORNXOLVDQLK�aHVWLFD��NRMH�VX�SR�VDVWDYX�SUH�VYHJD��JYRC_H�KLGURNVLG��*YRC_H�,,,��KLGURNVLGVH�L]GYDMD�X�REOLNX�IORNXOLVDQRJ��CHODWLQR]QRJ�WD�ORJD��NRML�VH�WH^NR�WDORCL�L�GHKLGUDWL^H��3DWWHUVRQ�������5D]JUDGQMD�HPXO]LMH�VH�RGLJUDYD�X�GYDNRUDND�NRML�VOHGH�MHGDQ�]D�GUXJLP��NRDJXODFLMD�LIORNXODFLMD��8�SUYRP�NRUDNX��GRGDWNRP�NRDJXODQWD

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 50: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD��L]D]LYD�VH�GHVWDELOL]DFLMD�YRGHQHHPXO]LMH��2YDM�SURFHV�RGLJUDYD�VH�RGPDK�SR�GRGDWNXNRDJXODQWD�YRGHQRM�HPXO]LML��X]�LQWHQ]LYQR�PH^DQMH�NRMH�RVLJXUDYD�UDYQRPHUQX�UDVSRGHOX�NRDJXODQWD��7DEHOD����3RWUR^HQD�NROLaLQD�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDWD�L�HILNDVQRVWL�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHODYRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�WUHWLUDQH�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�LKLGUDWLVDQLP�NUHaRP�X�NRQFHQWUDFLML�����PJ&D�2+���X�����FP��HPXO]LMH�S+ 3�

[PJ�/�.0Q2�](ILNDVQRVW����

� ��� ����� ��� ������ ��� ������ ��� ����

'RGDWNRP� JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD� SRVWLCH� VHL]RHOHNWULaQR�VWDQMH�NRORLGQLK�aHVWLFD��NRMH�VH�NDUDN�WHUL^H�QMLKRYRP�HOHNWURQHXWUDOQR^`X��'RGDWNRPVXSURWQR�QDHOHNWULVDQLK�MRQD�VPDQMXMH�VH�HOHNWUR�VWDWLaNR�SRYU^LQVNR�QDHOHNWULVDQMH��]HWD�SRWHQFLMDO��WDNR�GD�VH�NRORLGQH�aHVWLFH�PRJX�SULYODaLWL�L�VSDMDWLX�YH`H�DJORPHUDWH��IORNXOH���'UXJD�ID]D��IORNXODFLMD�REXKYDWD�WUDQVSRUWQH�SURFHVH�NRML�REH]EH_XMX�PDN�VLPDODQ�EURM�VXGDUD�aHVWLFD��XVOHG�aHJD�VH�VWYDUDMXDJORPHUDWL�NRML�GDOMH�UDVWX�GR�YHOLaLQH�NDGD�VH�ODNRL]GYDMDMX�L]�VXVSHQ]LMH��2YD�ID]D�VH�RGLJUDYD�X]XPHUHQR�PH^DQMH��NRMH�SRWSRPDCH�WUDQVSRUWQHSURFHVH��D�QH�YRGL�UD]ELMDQMX�VWYRUHQLK�DJORPHUDWD�6WYDUDQMH�L�WDORCHQMH�JYRC_H�,,,��KLGURNVLGD�MH�JODYQLIDNWRU�]D�XNXSQX�HILNDVQRVW�SURFHVD�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�XNOMXaXMX`L�NRDJXODFLMX��IORNXODFLMX�L�WDORCHQMHIORNXOLVDQLK�aHVWLFD�

.DR�^WR�MH�SR]QDWR��DOXPLQLMXP�VXOIDW�X�NRPEL�QDFLML�VD�KLGUDWLVDQLP�NUHaRP�QH�VDPR�GD�L]D]LYD�NR�DJXODFLMX�NRORLGQLK�aHVWLFD��YH`�L�VPDQMXMH�VLOHDGKH]LMH��aLPH�VH�RODN^DYD�GHKLGUDWDFLMD�PXOMD��)UH�VHQLXV�HW�DO���������8�FLOMX�XWYU_LYDQMD�XWLFDMD�KLGUD�WLVDQRJ�NUHaD�LVSLWDQD�MH�HILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMDJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�SUL�UD]OLaLWLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPDX]�GRGDWDN�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD�RG�����PJ�X�����FP�HPXO]LMH��WDEHOD�����.DR�̂ WR�VH�YLGL��GRGDWNRP�KLGUD�WLVDQRJ�NUHaD��RGQRVQR�X�SULVXVWYX�NDOFLMXPRYRJMRQD�HILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRPQH�]DYLVL�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL�

5H]XOWDWL�LVSLWLYDQMD�HILNDVQRVWL�SUHaL^`DYDQMDSULND]DQL�VX�QD�VOLFL���

.DNR�NDOLMXP�SHUPDQJDQDW�UD]OLaLWR�UHDJXMH�QDUD]OLaLWLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD��PH_XVREQR�VH�PRJX�SR�UHGLWL�HILNDVQRVWL�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�QD�VDPR�RGUH_HQLPS+�YUHGQRVWLPD��(ILNDVQRVW�QD�S+� ���L]QRVL������SULOLNRP�KHPLMVNRJ�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�EH]�GRGDWND�KLGUD�WLVDQRJ�NUHaD�L�UDVWH�QD�������QDNRQ�GRGDYDQMDKLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD��1D�S+� ���UD]OLND�X�HILNDVQRVWLSUH�L�SRVOH�GRGDYDQMD�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD�MH�YH`D�LUDVWH�VD�������QD��������'DOMLP�SRYH`D�QMHP�S+UDVWH�L�UD]OLND�X�HILNDVQRVWL��1D�S+� ����UDVWH�VD������QD��������GRN�QD�S+� ����UDVWH�VD�������QD�������.DR�^WR� VH�YLGL�QD�VOLFL����HILNDVQRVWSUHaL^`DYDQMD�MH�YH`D�SULOLNRP�SUHUDGH�HPXO]LMHJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�X�NRPELQDFLML�VD�KLGUDWLGUDWL�VDQLP�NUHaRP�

7DEHOD����8WLFDM�NDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD�QD�HILNDVQRVWSUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHOD�YRGHQH�HPXO]LMHJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�L�KLGUDWLVDQLP�NUHaRP�SULNRQVWDQWQRM�S+�YUHGQRVWL�S+ ��.RQFHQWUDFLMD&D�2+���[PJ�����FP�HPXO]LMH]

3.0Q2��[PJ�/�]

(ILNDVQRVW����

�� ��� ������� ��� ����

6OLND����(ILNDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHOD�YRGHQHHPXO]LMH�WUHWLUDQH�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�L�VPH^RPJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGD�L�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD�X�NRQFHQWUDFLML����PJ�&D�2+���X�����FP��HPXO]LMH��)LJXUH����&OHDUDQFH�HIILFLHQF\�RI�PRGHO�HPXOVLRQWUHDWHG�E\�LURQ�,,,��FKORULGH�DQG�PL[WXUH�RILURQ�,,,��FKORULGH�DQG�K\GUDWHG�OLPH

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 51: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

��� ��� ������� ��� ����

8�FLOMX�XWYU_LYDQMD�XWLFDMD�MRQD�NDOFLMXPD�QD�HIL�NDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHOD�HPXO]LMH�L]YU^HQH�VXKHPLMVNH�REUDGH�PRGHOD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�SULNRQVWDQWQRM�S+�YUHGQRVWL��S+� ������X]�GRGDWDNUD]OLaLWLK�NROLaLQD�NDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD��,]�WDEHOH���VHYLGL�GD�VD�SRYH`DQMHP�NROLaLQH�GRGDWRJ�NDOFLMXP�KLGURNVLGD�VD����PJ�QD�����PJ�GROD]L�GR�SRYH`DQMDHILNDVQRVWL�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�VD������QD��������'RELMHQLUH]XOWDWL�SULND]DQL�VX�QD�VOLFL���

8�RWSDGQRM�YRGHQRM�HPXO]LML�PLQHUDOQRJ�XOMD�L]SURFHVD�REUDGH�RERMHQLK�PHWDOD�XYHN�VH�QDOD]H�MRQLFLQND��EDNUD��NDGPLMXPD��RORYD��JYRC_D��PDQJDQD�LGU���NRML�WUDMQR�]DJD_XMX�CLYRWQX�VUHGLQX�DNR�VH�RW�SDGQH�HPXO]LMH�QHRGJRYRUQR�LVSX^WDMX�X�YRGRWRN�RYH��8�FLOMX�SURFHQH�XWLFDMD�KHPLMVNH�REUDGHYRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD�QD�L]GYDMDQMH�MRQD�RYLK�PHWDOD�XRWSDGQLP�YRGHQLP�HPXO]LMDPD��PHUHQH�VX�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMH�MRQD�EDNUD�L�FLQND�SUH�L�SRVOH�REUDGH�PRGHODHPXO]LMH� JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP� L� KLGUDWLVDQLPNUHaRP��2EUD_LYDQH�VX�HPXO]LMH�NRMH�VX�VDGUCDOHRYH�PHWDOH�X�NRQFHQWUDFLMDPD�NRMH�VX�MHGQDNH�LOLYL^HVWUXNR�YH`H��������L����SXWD��RG�PDNVLPDOQRGR]YROMHQLK�YUHGQRVWL��0'.��]D�SRMHGLQH�PHWDOH�7LSLaQH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�MRQD�QHNLK�PHWDOD�X�RWSDGQLPYRGHQLP�HPXO]LMDPD�VX��X�PJ�GP����FLQN������LEDNDU������.RYDaHYL`��������NRMH�VX�]QDaDMQR�PDQMHRG�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�PHWDOD�NRMH�VX�SULPHQMHQH�X�RYRPLVSLWLYDQMX��.DR�^WR�VH�YLGL�L]�WDEHOH����KHPLMVNRPREUDGRP�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD��SRUHG�XNOMDQMDQMD�RUJDQ�VNRJ�]DJD_HQMD��HILNDVQR�VH�XNODQMDMX�MRQL�EDNUD�LFLQND��.RQFHQWUDFLMH�]DRVWDOLK�PHWDOD�QDNRQ�REUDGHVX�PDQMH�RG�QMLKRYLK�0'.�YUHGQRVWL�aDN�L�SULOLNRPGRGDYDQMD����SXWD�YH`LK�NRQFHQWUDFLMD��(ILNDVQRVWXNODQMDQMD�MRQD�FLQND�MH�SUHNR������GRN�MH�HILNDV�QRVW�XNODQMDQMD�MRQD�EDNUD�GR�����L�NDGD�VX�QMHJRYHNRQFHQWUDFLMH����SXWD�YH`H�RG�0'.�YUHGQRVWL��7R�MHELWQR�UDGL�SURFHQH�JUDQLaQLK�YUHGQRVWL�GR�NRMLKPRJX�GD�VH�RSWHUH`XMX�HPXO]LMH�WH^NLP�PHWDOLPD�XSURFHVLPD�REUDGH�RERMHQLK�PHWDOD�

8�FLOMX�XWYU_LYDQMD�XWLFDMD�NLVHORVWL�EH]�SULVXVWYDNDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD�QD�EU]LQX�ELVWUHQMD�SRVOH�KHPL�MVNH�REUDGH�LVSLWLYDQD�MH�EU]LQD�ELVWUHQMD�PRGHODHPXO]LMD�SUL�NRQVWDQWQLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD��%U]LQHELVWUHQMD��VHGLPHQWDFLMH��SUD`HQD�MH�YL]XHOQR��X]PHUHQMH�SURPHQH�SRORCDMD�JUDQLFH�ELVWUH�]RQH�VDYUHPHQRP��8�RGVXVWYX�NDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD��QH]DY�LVQR�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL�X�RSVHJX���GR�����QH�GROD]L�GR

WDORCHQMD�HPXO]LMH�SRVOH�KHPLMVNH�REUDGH��YH`�VHHPXO]LMD�UD]JUD_XMH�L�VWYDUD�VH�VXVSHQ]LMD�IORNXOL�VDQLK�aHVWLFD�NRMH�OHEGH�XQXWDU�WHaQRVWL��3RVPDWUDQ�MHP�MH�NRQVWDWRYDQR�GD�VX�IORNXOLVDQH�aHVWLFHQDMNUXSQLMH�SUL�S+� ���

6OLNH���L���LOXVWUXMX�XWLFDM�S+�YUHGQRVWL�L�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMH�WH^NLK�PHWDOD�QD�EU]LQX�VHGLPHQWDFLMH�QDNRQKHPLMVNH�REUDGH��

8� SULVXVWYX� NDOFLMXPRYRJ� MRQD� GROD]L� GRWDORCHQMD�IORNXOLVDQLK�aHVWLFD��D�EU]LQD�ELVWUHQMD�]DYL�VL�RG�S+��1D�VOLFL���SULND]DQH�VX�]DYLVQRVWL�YLVLQH]RQH�ELVWUH�WHaQRVWL�RG�YUHPHQD�SUL�ELVWUHQMX�PRGHODHPXO]LMD�SRVOH�KHPLMVNH�REUDGH�JYRC_H�,,,��KORUL�GRP�L�KLGUDWLVDQLP�NUHaRP������PJ�KLGUDWLVDQRJNUHaD�QD�����FP��HPXO]LMH�X�NRMRM�MH�NRQFHQWUDFLMDXOMD�������J�GP���QD�UD]OLaLWLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD��.DR^WR�VH�YLGL�QD�VOLFL����VD�SRYH`DQMHP�S+�]QDWQR�VHXEU]DYD�ELVWUHQMH�L�VNUD`XMH�YUHPH�WUDMDQMD�ELVWUHQMD�=D�UD]OLNX�RG�ELVWUHQMD�SRVOH�KHPLMVNH�REUDGH�EH]GRGDWND�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD��JGH�VH�IORNXOLVDQH�aHV�WLFH�QLVX�WDORCLOH��X�SULVXVWYX�NDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD�XED]QRM�VUHGLQL�WDORCHQMH�IORNXOD�MH�MDNR�EU]R�

.DR�̂ WR�SRND]XMH�VOLND����EU]LQD�ELVWUHQMD�HPXO]�LMH�SRVOH�KHPLMVNH�REUDGH�]DYLVL�L�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMHPHWDOQLK�MRQD��6D�SRYH`DQMHP�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�PHWDO�

6OLND����8WLFDM�NDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD�QD�HILNDVQRVWSUHaL^`DYDQMD�PRGHOD�YRGHQH�HPXO]LMHJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�L�KLGUDWLVDQLP�NUHaRP�SULNRQVWDQWQRM�S+ ��)LJXUH����7KH�HIIHFW�RI�FDOFLXP�LRQ�RQ�FKHPLFDOHIILFLHQF\�RI�RLO\�ZDVWHZDWHU�WUHDWPHQW�RI�HPXOVLRQWUHDWHG�E\�LURQ�,,,��FKORULGH�DQG�K\GUDWHG�OLPH�DWFRQVWDQW�S+ ��

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 52: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

QLK�MRQD�X�HPXO]LML�XVSRUDYD�VH�EU]LQD�ELVWUHQMD�VXV�SHQ]LMD�IORNXOLVDQLK�aHVWLFD��7R�MH�SRVOHGLFD�JUD_HQMDYROXPLQR]QLK�KLGURNVLGD�GRGDWLK�WH^NLK�PHWDOD�

=DNOMXaDN1D�RVQRYX�GRELMHQLK�UH]XOWDWD�PRCH�VH�]DNOMXaLWL

VOHGH`H�¬ 3ULVXVWYR�NDOFLMXPRYRJ�MRQD�SRYH`DYD�HIL�

NDVQRVW�SUHaL^`DYDQMD�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRPQH]DYLVQR�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL�

7DEHOD����3URPHQD�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�MRQD�&X��=Q�L�&G�SRVOH�KHPLMVNH�REUDGH�PRGHOD�HPXO]LMH�SULNRQFHQWUDFLML�KLGUDWLVDQRJ�NUHaD�����PJ�&D�2+���QD�����FP��HPXO]LMH�L�S+� ���

.RQFHQWUDFLMD�MRQD� .RQFHQWUDFLMD�PHWDODSUH�REUDGH�HPXO]LMH

.RQFHQWUDFLMD�PHWDODQDNRQ�REUDGH�HPXO]LMH

3URFHQDW�]DRVWDORJPHWDOD�QDNRQ�REUDGHHPXO]LMH

&X��0'.� ���PJ�GP��0'. � ����� ������0'. �� ����� �������0'. �� ����� �������0'. �� ����� ����

=Q��0'.� ���PJ�GP��0'. � ����� ������0'. �� ����� �������0'. �� ����� �������0'. ��� ����� ����

6OLND����8WLFDM�NLVHORVWL�QD�EU]LQX�ELVWUHQMD�PRGHODHPXO]LMH�XOMD�)HVRO����JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�LKLGUDWLVDQLP�NUHaRP)LJXUH����$FLGLW\�HIIHFW�RQ�VHGLPHQWDWLRQ�UDWH�RI�PRGHOHPXOVLRQ�PDGH�E\�)HVRO����WUHDWHG�E\�LURQ�,,,��FKORULGHDQG�K\GUDWHG�OLPH

6OLND����8WLFDM�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�WH^NLK�PHWDOD�QD�EU]LQXELVWUHQMD�NDGD�VX�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�PHWDOD�MHGQDNH�0'.��0'.����0'.�L���0'.)LJXUH����6HGLPHQWDWLRQ�UDWH�RI�PRGHO�HPXOVLRQ�PDGHE\�)HVRO����LQ�SUHVHQFH�RI�KHDY\�PHWDOV�LRQV��&X��=QDQG�&G��LQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�RI�RQH��ILYH��WHQ�DQG�WZHQW\WLPHV�PRUH�WKDQ�WKH�DOORZHG�OLPLWV

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 53: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

¬ +HPLMVNRP�REUDGRP�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD�SRUHGXNODQMDQMD�RUJDQVNRJ�]DJD_HQMD��HILNDVQR�VHXNODQMDMX�MRQL�EDNUD�L�FLQND�L�NDGD�VX�QMLKRYHNRQFHQWUDFLMH����SXWD�YH`H�RG�0'.�YUHG�QRVWL��-RQL�FLQND�VH�HILNDVQR�XNODQMDMX�aDN�LGR������GRN�VH�MRQL�EDNUD�XNODQMDMX�GR����NDGD�HPXO]LMD�VDGUCL����SXWD�YH`H�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMH�RG�QMLKRYLK�0'.�YUHGQRVWL�

¬ +HPLMVNRP�REUDGRP�YRGHQLK�HPXO]LMD�VDPRJYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP��EH]�GRGDWND�KLGUDWL�VDQRJ�NUHaD��SUL�VYLP�S+�YUHGQRVWLPD�VWYDUDVH�VXVSHQ]LMD�IORNXOLVDQLK�aHVWLFD�NRMH�OHEGHXQXWDU�WHaQRVWL��

¬ 3RYH`DQMHP�S+�XEU]DYD�VH�ELVWUHQMH�L�VNUD`XMHVH�YUHPH�WUDMDQMD�ELVWUHQMD�SRVOH�KHPLMVNHREUDGH�JYRC_H�,,,��KORULGRP�L�KLGUDWLVDQLPNUHaRP�

¬ 3RYH`DQMH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�PHWDOQLK�MRQD�XHPXO]LML�XVSRUDYD�ELVWUHQMH�VXVSHQ]LMD�IORNX�OLVDQLK�aHVWLFD��

/LWHUDWXUD&KHUHPLVLQRII�1�3��������+DQGERRN�RI�:DWHUDQG�:DVWHZDWHU�7UHDWPHQW�7HFKQRORJLHV��%RVWRQ�%LWWHUZRUWK�DQG�+HLQHPDQQ��SS�������?RU_HYL`��'��������2SWLPL]DFLMD�KHPLMVNRJSUHaL^`DYDQMD�RWSDGQH�YRGHQH�HPXO]LMH�L]�SURFHVDREUDGH�RERMHQLK�PHWDOD��'LSORPVNL�UDG�8QLYHU]LWHW�X�1L^X��7HKQROR^NL�IDNXOWHW�X/HVNRYFX��)UHVHQLXV�:���6FKQHLGHU�:���%RHKHQNH�%��3RHSSLQJKDXV�.��������:DVWH�:DWHU�7HFKQRORJ\�2ULJLQ�&ROOHFLRQ��7UHDWPHQW�DQG�$QDO\VLV�RI:DVWH�:DWHU��%HUOLQ��6SULQJHU.XXVLN�5���9LLVLPDD�/��������$�QHZ�GXDOFRDJXODQW�IRU�ZDWHU�SXULILFDWLRQ��:DWHU�5HVHDUFK��������������/MXELVDYOMHYL`�'���?XNL`�$���%DEL`�%�������3UHaL^`DYDQMH�RSWDGQLK�YRGD��%HRJUDG�*UD_HYLQVNL�IDNXOWHW3RaHN�%��������9RGD�]D�SL`H��%HRJUDG��6DYH]QL]DYRG�]D�]GUDYVWYHQX�]D^WLWX9HOMNRYL`�9���.RYDaHYL`�9���/D]L`�0���6DYL`�'��6NDOD�'��������7UHDWPHQW�RI�XVHG�RLO�LQ�ZDWHUHPXOVLRQV�IURP�D�QRQ�IHUURXV�PHWDOZRUNLQJ�SODQW�,,�5HJLRQDO�6LPSRVLXP�¯&KHPLVWU\�DQG(QYLURQPHQW¯�¬�3URFHHGLQJV��.UX^HYDF��SS����������

0LOHQD�3HWURYL`2SWLPL]DWLRQ�RI�:DVWH�0HWDO�:RUNLQJ)OXLGV�7UHDWPHQW

2LO\�ZDVWHZDWHU�JHQHUDWHG�E\�YDULRXV�LQGXVWULHVDQG�VXEVHTXHQWO\�GLVFKDUJHG�LQWR�WKH�QDWXUDO�HQYL�URQPHQW�FUHDWHV�D�PDMRU�HFRORJLFDO�SUREOHP�WKURXJK�RXW� WKH� ZRUOG�� 7KLV� ZDVWHZDWHU� RFFXUV� PRVWIUHTXHQWO\�LQ�D�IRUP�RI�RLO�LQ�ZDWHU�HPXOVLRQ��$�SDU�WLFXODUO\�VWDEOH�HPXOVLRQ�LV�JHQHUDWHG�E\�WKH�PHWDO�ILQLVKLQJ� RU� PHWDOZRUNLQJ� LQGXVWU\� GXULQJPHFKDQLFDO�RSHUDWLRQV�VXFK�DV�JULQGLQJ��UROOLQJ��DO�NDOLQH�GHJUHDVLQJ�DQG�WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ��2LO\�ZDVWHZD�WHU�LV�FKDUDFWHUL]HG�E\�D�FRPSOH[�FRPSRVLWLRQEHFDXVH�LW�PD\�FRQWDLQ�RLO��PLQHUDO��YHJHWDEOH�RUV\QWKHWLF���IDWW\�DFLGV��HPXOVLILHUV��FRUURVLRQ�LQKLEL�WRUV��EDFWHULFLGHV�DQG�RWKHU�FKHPLFDOV��7KH�WUDGL�WLRQDO�PHWKRGV�IRU�WKH�VHSDUDWLRQ�RI�RLO�HPXOVLRQ�FDQEH�FODVVLILHG�DV�FKHPLFDO��PHFKDQLFDO�DQG�WKHUPDO�7KH�FKHPLFDO�PHWKRGV�DUH�XVHG�PRVW�RIWHQ�DQG�WKH\DUH�SULPDULO\�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�EUHDNDJH�RI�ZDVWH�RLO�LQ�ZDWHU�HPXOVLRQ�E\�WKH�FRPELQHG�HIIHFWV�RI�FRDJXODQW�DOXPLQLXP�VXOSKDWH��LURQ�,,,��FKORULGH��HWF���DQGOLPH��XVHG�DV�D�EDVH�DQG�SUHFLSLWDWLRQ�DJHQW�

7KH�SXUSRVH�RI�WKLV�ZRUN�ZDV�WR�GHYHORS�D�WHFK�QRORJ\�IRU�WUHDWLQJ�WKH�ZDVWH�RLO�LQ�ZDWHU�HPXOVLRQIURP�QRQ�IHUURXV�PHWDO�SURFHVVLQJ�SODQW��7KH�WHFK�QRORJ\�ZDV�GHYHORSHG�RQ�WKH�ODERUDWRU\�OHYHO�XVLQJPRGHO�HPXOVLRQ�SUHSDUHG�IURP�PLQHUDO�RLO�)(62/����)$0��.UX^HYDF��DQG�GLVWLOOHG�ZDWHU��7KH�HPXO�VLRQ�ZDV�WUHDWHG�E\�LURQ�,,,��FKORULGH�RQ�GLIIHUHQW�S+YDOXHV�����������������(IILFLHQF\�RI�WKH�FKHPLFDOWUHDWPHQW�ZDV�PHDVXUHG�E\�FKHPLFDO�R[\JHQ�GH�PDQG��&2'��XVLQJ�SRWDVVLXP�SHUPDQJDQWH�DV�WKHR[LGL]LQJ�DJHQW��7KH�HIIHFW�RI�FDOFLXP�LRQ�ZDV�DOVRLQYHVWLJDWHG��2Q�WKH�EDVHV�RI�LQYHVWLJDWHG�UHVXOWV�WKHRSWLPXP�FKHPLFDO�WUHDWPHQW�PHWKRG�E\�LURQ�,,,��FKORULGH�ZDV�GHILQHG��)RU�WKH�RSWLPXP�ZDVWH�RLO�LQ�ZDWHU�HPXOVLRQ�FKHPLFDO�WUHDWPHQW�LW�LV�QHFHVVDU\�WRDGG�WKH�LURQ�,,,��FKORULGH�LQ�D�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI����PPRO�GP���OLPH�LQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�����PPRO�GP�DQG�VWURQJ�EDVLF�PHGLXP��DERXW�S+������7KH�HIIL�FLHQF\�RI�KHDY\�PHWDO�UHPRYDO�IURP�ZDVWH�RLOHPXOVLRQ�E\�FKHPLFDO�WUHDWPHQW�ZDV�DOVR�GHPRQ�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 54: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

VWUDWHG��0RUH�WKDQ�����RII�&X�DQG�=Q�ZHUH�UHPRYHGIURP�WKH�HPXOVLRQ�ZKLFK�FRQWDLQHG�&X�DQG�=Q�LQ

FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�PRUH�WKDQ�WZHQW\�WLPHV�KLJKHU�WKDQWKH�PD[LPXP�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�DOORZHG�E\�ODZ�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2�,,

Page 55: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

,YDQ�0UNL`��6WHIDQ�9XMaL`

2SWLPL]DFLMD�XVORYD�]DLPRELOL]DFLMX�LQYHUWD]H�QDNRSROLPHUX*0$�FR�(*'0$

,QYHUWD]D�GRELMHQD�HNVSHULPHQWDOQLP�SXWHP�MH�LPRELOL�VDQD�QD�WUL�X]RUND�QHPRGLILNRYDQRJ�NRSROLPHUD�*0$�FR�(*'0$��JOLFLGLOPHWDNULODWD�FR�HWLOHQJOLNROGLPHWDN�ULODWD�� VD� UD]OLaLWLP� SDUDPHWULPD� SRUR]QRVWL�,PRELOL]DFLMD�MH�XUD_HQD�X�^DUCQRP�UHDNWRUX��9DUL�UDQL�VX�S+��MRQVND�VLOD�L�RGQRV�SURWHLQ�QRVDa�GD�ELVH� XWYUGLOL� RSWLPDOQL� XVORYL� ]D� GRELMDQMH� LPRELOL�VDQRJ�HQ]LPD�VD�QDMYH`RP�VSHFLILaQRP�DNWLYQR^`X�'RELMHQR�MH�GD�MH�S+�RSWLPXP�L]PH_X���L���SUL�NRQ�FHQWUDFLML�����PRO�GP��L�RGQRVX�SURWHLQ�QRVDa�����1DMYH`X�DNWLYQRVW�MH�SRND]DR�HQ]LP�LPRELOLVDQ�QDX]RUDN� *0$�FR�(*'0$� ������ ����� Q�DONRKROD����&�DWRPD�NRMH�WDM�DONRKRO�VDGUCL���2YDM�X]RUDNQLMH� UDQLMH�NRUL^`HQ�X�RYH�VYUKH��.UDMQML� UH]XOWDWLSRND]XMX�GD�VH� LQYHUWD]D�PRCH�XVSH^QR�YH]DWL�]DNRSROLPHU�*0$�FR�(*'0$�L�NDR�WDNYD�NRULVWLWL�XLQGXVWULMVNH�VYUKH��

8YRG�,QYHUWD]D�MH�MHGDQ�RG�QDMNRUL^`HQLMLK�HQ]LPD�X

NRQGLWRUVNRM�LQGXVWULML��8SRWUHEOMDYD�VH�NDR�NDWDOL]D�WRU�SUL�GRELMDQMX�LQYHUWQRJ�^H`HUD��VPH^D�JOXNR]H�LIUXNWR]H�X�RGQRVX��������L]�VDKDUR]H�VD�VPDQMHQLPXWUR^NRP�HQHUJLMH��,QYHUWQL�^H`HU�VH�NRULVWL�XPHVWRVDKDUR]H�]ERJ�YH`HJ�NRHILFLMHQWD�VODVWL�L�EROMLK�RVR�ELQD�SUL�NULVWDOL]DFLML��3URGDQRYL`�HW�DO��������

3UREOHP�L]GYDMDQMD�HQ]LPD�L]�LQYHUWQRJ�^H`HUDSRVOH�]DYU^HWND�UHDNFLMH�PRCH�GD�VH�HILNDVQR�UH^LYH]LYDQMHP�HQ]LPD�]D�QRVDa��.DR�GREDU�QRVDa�PRCHGD�VH�XSRWUHEL�PDNURSRUR]QL�NRSROLPHU�JOLFLGLO�PHWDNULODWD�FR�HWLOHQJOLNROGLPHWDNULODWD��X�GDOMHPWHNVWX�*0$�FR�(*'0$���]ERJ�KHPLMVNH�L�PH�KDQLaNH�SRVWRMDQRVWL�L�SULVXVWYD�HSRNVLGQH�JUXSH�X

VYRMRM�VWUXNWXUL��NRMD�PRCH�ODNR�GD�VH�YHCH�]D�KLGUR�NVLOQX��DPLQR�LOL�NDUERNVLOQX�JUXSX�SULVXWQLK�X�HQ]L�PX��3URGDQRYL`�HW�DO��������

&LOM�UDGD�MH�RGUH_LYDQMH�RSWLPDOQLK�XVORYD�]DLPRELOL]DFLMX�LQYHUWD]H�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�VWHSHQD�SRUR�]QRVWL�NRSROLPHUD��S+�YUHGQRVWL�L�MRQVNH�VLOH��NRQ�FHQWUDFLMD�SXIHUD��

0DWHULMDO�L�PHWRGH8�UDGX�VX�NRUL^`HQD�WUL�X]RUND�QHPRGLILNRYDQRJ

PDNURSRUR]QRJ�NRSROLPHUD�*0$�FR�(*'0$�VDSULND]DQLP�SDUDPHWULPD�SRUR]QRVWL��WDEHOD�����8]HWLSROLPHUL�VX�R]QDaHQL�VD����������������������JGHSUYL�EURM�SUHGVWDYOMD�SURFHQDW�Q�DONRKROD�NRUL^`HQRJX�LQHUWQRM�NRPSRQHQWL�]D�GRELMDQMH�SROLPHUD��D�GUXJLEURM� R]QDaDYD� NROLNR� &�DWRPD� LPD� DONRKRO�.RSROLPHUL�VX�VLQWHWLVDQL�QD�QDaLQ�SULND]DQ�X�OLWHUD�WXUL��1DVWDVRYL`�������

7DEHOD����3DUDPHWUL�SRUR]QRVWL�SROLPHUD8]RUDNNRSROLPHUD

6SHFLILaQDSRYU^LQD��P��J�

6UHGQML�SUHaQLNSRUD��QP�

����� ���� ������� ���� ������� ���� ���

6SHFLILaQD� SRYU^LQD� 6%(7� MH� RGUH_HQD� L]QLVNRWHPSHUDWXUQLK�DGVRUSFLRQLK�L]RWHUPL�D]RWD��DL]UDaXQDWD�SRPR`X�%(7�MHGQDaLQH��GRN�MH��VUHGQML

,YDQ�0UNL`���������%DUDMHYR��3URNL`�NUDM����G�XaHQLN����UD]UHGD�;,,,�EHRJUDGVNH�JLPQD]LMH6WHIDQ�9XMaL`���������6LULJ��0��5HNMLQD�����XaHQLN���JRGLQH�JLPQD]LMH�®-RYDQ�-RYDQRYL`�=PDM¯�X1RYRP�6DGX0(1725,�PU�1HQDG�0LORVDYL`��LVWUDCLYDa�VDUDGQLN�X�,+70�X$OHNVDQGUD�1DVWDVRYL`��QDXaQL�VDUDGQLN�X�,+70�X

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 56: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

SUHaQLN�SRUD�RGUHGMHQ�SRPR`X�CLYLQH�SRUR]LPHWULMH�1DVWDVRYL`�������

.RUL^`HQ�MH�GLQLWURVDOLFLOQL�UHDJHQV��X�GDOMHPWHNVWX�'16��GRELMHQ�SR�SRVWXSNX�RSLVDQRP�X�OLWHUD�WXUL��3URGDQRYL`��@LUNRYL`�9HOLaNRYL`��������

(Q]LP�NRUL^`HQ�X�HNVSHULPHQWDOQRP�GHOX�GREL�MHQ�MH�HNVSHULPHQWDOQLP�SXWHP��3URGDQRYL`�HW�DO�������

2GUH_LYDQMH�X]RUND�NRSROLPHUD�V�QDMYH`LPVWHSHQRP�YH]LYDQMD�LQYHUWD]H�� 2G� WUL� X]RUNDNRSROLPHUD�VD�UD]OLaLWLP�VWHSHQRP�SRUR]QRVWL�RGPH�UHQR�MH�SR����PJ��8�RGPHUHQH�SROLPHUH�MH�GRGDWR�SR��FP��UDVWYRUD�HQ]LPD�NRQFHQWUDFLMH���PJ�FP��XDFHWDWQRP�SXIHUX�NRQFHQWUDFLMH����P0��,PRELOL�]DFLMD�HQ]LPD�MH�XUD_HQD�QD��~�&��X]�SRYUHPHQRPH^DQMH��QD�VYDND�����VDWD��L�SUL�S+�YUHGQRVWLSRGH^HQRM�QD������,PRELOL]DFLMD�MH�WUDMDOD����aDVD�1DNRQ�LPRELOL]DFLMH��aHVWLFH�LPRELOL]DQWD�VX�VDNX�SOMHQH�L�LVSUDQH�VD���FP��DFHWDWQRJ�SXIHUD��S+������D� ]DWLP� GYD� SXWD� VD� SR� �� FP��MHGQRPRODUQRJUDVWYRUD�1D&O�X�DFHWDWQRP�SXIHUX�

2GUH_LYDQMH�RSWLPDOQH�S+�YUHGQRVWL��1D�RV�QRYX�UH]XOWDWD�L]�SUHWKRGQRJ�HNVSHULPHQWD�L]DEUDQ�MHNRSROLPHU�VD�QDMYH`LP�VWHSHQRP�DNWLYQRVWL��2GPH�UHQH�VX�SUREH�RG�SR����PJ�NRSROLPHUD�NRMLPD�MH�GR�GDWR�SR���PJ�HQ]LPD��S+�YUHGQRVW�MH�SRGH^HQD�XLQWHUYDOX�RG���GR���X�IRVIDWQR�FLWUDWQRP�SXIHUX�NRQ�FHQWUDFLMH�����0��,PRELOL]DFLMD�HQ]LPD�MH�XUD_HQD�QD�~&��X]�SRYUHPHQR�PH^DQMH��QD�VYDND�����VDWD��XWUDMDQMX�RG����VDWL��1DNRQ�LPRELOL]DFLMH��aHVWLFH�LPR�ELOL]DQWD�VX�VDNXSOMHQH�L�LVSUDQH�VD���FP��DFHWDWQRJSXIHUD��S+�������D�]DWLP�GYD�SXWD�VD�SR���FP��MHG�QRPRODUQRJ�UDVWYRUD�1D&O�X�DFHWDWQRP�SXIHUX��

2GUH_LYDQMH�RSWLPDOQH�MRQVNH�VLOH�SUL�LPRELOL�]DFLML��,PRELOL]DFLMD�MH�UD_HQD�QD�SUREDPD�RG�SR���PJ�NRSROLPHUD�NRMLPD�MH�GRGDWR�SR���PJ�HQ]LPDUDVWYRUHQRJ�X�IRVIDWQRP�SXIHUX�S+���L�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�����������������L���PRO�GP���1DNRQ�LPRELOL]DFLMH�aHVWLFH�LPRELOL]DQWD�VX�VDNXSOMHQH�L�LVSUDQH�VD���FP�DFHWDWQRJ�SXIHUD��S+�������D�]DWLP�GYD�SXWD�VD�SR��FP��MHGQRPRODUQRJ�UDVWYRUD�1D&O�X�DFHWDWQRPSXIHUX��,PRELOL]DFLMD�MH�XUD_HQD�QD�WHPSHUDWXUL�RG�~&�X]�SRYUHPHQR�PH^DQMH��QD�VYDND�����VDWD��9UHPH�WUDMDQMD�LPRELOL]DFLMH�MH����VDWL��

2GUH_LYDQMH�RSWLPDOQRJ�RGQRVD�SURWHLQ�QRVDa�8]RUFLPD�RG�SR����PJ�NRSROLPHUD�MH�GRGDWR�SR��FP��LQYHUWD]H�UD]OLaLWH�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�WDNR�GD�RGQRVSURWHLQ�QRVDa�EXGH�����������������������L���������,PRELOL]DFLMD�MH�XUD_HQD�X�DFHWDWQRP�SXIHUX�NRQFHQ�WUDFLMH����P0�L�S+�YUHGQRVWL�����QD�WHPSHUDWXUL��~&

X]�SRYUHPHQR�PH^DQMH��QD�VYDND�����VDWD��X�WUDMDQMXRG����VDWL��1DNRQ�LPRELOL]DFLMH�aHVWLFH�LPRELOL]DQWDVX�VDNXSOMHQH�L�LVSUDQH�VD���FP��DFHWDWQRJ�SXIHUD�S+�������D�]DWLP�GYD�SXWD�VD�SR���FP��MHGQRPRODU�QRJ�UDVWYRUD�1D&O�X�DFHWDWQRP�SXIHUX

2GUH_LYDQMH�DNWLYQRVWL�LPRELOLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�3RVOH�VYDNH�LPRELOL]DFLMH��RG�SURED�MH�RGPHUHQRL]PH_X���L����PJ�LPRELOL]DQWD�L�SUHOLYHQR�VD���FP�����UDVWYRUD�VDKDUR]H�X�DFHWDWQRP�SXIHUX��S+�����X]�VWDOQR�PH^DQMH�QD�PDJQHWQRM�PH^DOLFL�SUL�EU]LQL����REU�PLQ��5HDNFLRQD�VPH^D�VH�QDOD]LOD�X�̂ DUCQRPUHDNWRUX�]DSUHPLQH���FP���0DJQHW�X�UHDNWRUX�QHVPH�ELWL�QD�GQX�GD�QH�EL�VLWQLR�SROLPHU��8�LQWHU�YDOLPD�RG�������L����PLQXWD�L]�UHDNFLRQH�VPH^H�MHX]HWR�����FP��UDVWYRUD�L�SRPH^DQR�VD�����FP��'16�UHDJHQVD��1DNRQ�]DJUHYDQMD�X�NOMXaDORP�YRGHQRPNXSDWLOX�X�YUHPHQVNRP�SHULRGX�RG���PLQXWD�LUD]EODCHQMD�VD���FP�� +�2��VSHNWURIRWRPHWURP�MHPHUHQD�DSVRUEDQFD�QD�����QP��.RQFHQWUDFLMD�RV�ORER_HQLK�UHGXNXMX`LK�̂ H`HUD�MH�RGUH_LYDQD�VD�VWDQG�DUGQH� SUDYH� ]D� UHGXNXMX`H� ^H`HUH�� 6SHFLILaQDDNWLYQRVW�LPRELOL]DWD�MH�RGUH_LYDQD�QD�RVQRYX�IRU�PXOH��

$VS� ������⋅�&[�⋅�9U����P�⋅�W�JGH� MH��$VS�¬�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�HQ]LPVNH�DNWLYQRVWL������¬�RGQRV�VXYH�L�YODCQH�PDVH�LPRELOL]DQWD�9U�¬� ]DSUHPLQD� VPH^H��&[�¬�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�UH�GXNXMX`LK�^H`HUD��PPRO�GP����P�¬�PDVD�YODCQRJLPRELOL]DQWD�L�W�¬�YUHPH��PLQ��

5H]XOWDWL�L�GLVNXVLMD6SHFLILaQD�DNWLYQRVW�GRELMHQLK�LPRELOL]RYDQLK

SUHSDUDWD�MH�RGUH_HQD�X�^DUCQRP�UHDNWRUX�L�UH]XOWDWLVX�SULND]DQL�X�WDEHOL���

7DEHOD����6SHFLILaQH�DNWLYQRVWL�SROLPHUD�]D�NRMHMH�YH]DQD�LQYHUWD]D��8�J��8]RUDN�NRSROLPHUD 5HODWLYQD�DNWLYQRVW����� ������ ������ ���

.DR�̂ WR�VH�L]�WDEHOH���YLGL��QDMYH`X�DNWLYQRVW�LPDHQ]LP�YH]DQ�]D�NRSROLPHU�VD�QDMYH`LP�VUHGQMLPSUHaQLNRP�SRUD����������2YR�MH�L�ORJLaQR�MHU�WDMSROLPHU� LPD� QDMPDQMD� GLIX]LRQD� RJUDQLaHQMD

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����

Page 57: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

SULOLNRP�NUHWDQMD�VXSVWUDWD�GR�PROHNXOD�HQ]LPD�NRMLVX�LPRELOL]RYDQL�X�XQXWUD^QMRVWL�aHVWLFH�SROLPHUD�NDR�L�GLIX]LMH�SURL]YRGD�L]�XQXWUD^QMRVWL�aHVWLFH�XVSROMD^QML�UDVWYRU�

5HODWLYQH�DNWLYQRVWL�LPRELOLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�VX�SUL�ND]DQH�QD�VOLFL����.DR�^WR�VH�L]�SULORCHQRJ�YLGL��HQ�

]LP�SRND]XMH�QDMYH`X�DNWLYQRVW�QD�S+�YUHGQRVWL�XLQWHUYDOX�RG���GR���^WR�MH�X�VNODGX�VD�UDQLMLP�UH]XO�WDWLPD��3URGDQRYL`�HW�DO��������0LORVDYL`�HW�DO�������

1D�VOLFL���MH�SULND]DQD�UHODWLYQD�DNWLYQRVW�LPREL�OLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�MRQVNH�VLOH��,QYHUWD]DVDGUCL�YHOLNL�SURFHQDW�XJOMHQLK�KLGUDWD��RNR������L]ERJ�WRJD�MH�MDNR�KLGURILOQD��6D�SRYH`DQMHP�NRQFHQ�WDFLMH�UDVWYRUD�SRYH`DYD�VH�L�KLGURILOQRVW�LVWRJ�L�]ERJWRJD�HQ]LP�WHCL�GD�RVWDQH�X�UDVWYRUX�

1D�VOLFL���MH�SULND]DQD�VSHFLILaQD�DNWLYQRVW�LPR�ELOLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�X�]DYLVQRVWL�RG�PDVHQRJ�RGQRVDSURWHLQ�QRVDa��.DR�VWR�MH�L�ORJLaQR��]D�X]HWX�YH`XNROLaLQX�HQ]LPD�GRELMHQD�MH�L�YH`D�DNWLYQRVW��6�RE]L�URP�QD�WR�GD�VH�VD�JUDILND�QH�YLGL�GD�VSHFLILaQD�DN�WLYQRVW�GRVWLCH�VYRM�PDNVLPXP��]DNOMXaDN�MH�GD�VHGDOMLP�SRYH`DQMHP�NROLaLQH�HQ]LPD�X�RGQRVX�QDNRSROLPHU�PRCH�GRELWL�MR^�YH`D�DNWLYQRVW��

=DNOMXaDN8�UDGX�VX�LVSLWDQL�L�RSWLPL]RYDQL�XVORYL�]D�LPR�

ELOL]DFLMX�LQYHUWD]H�L]�6��FHUHYLVLDH�QD�WUL�WLSD�PDN�URSRUR]QRJ� *0$�FR�(*'0$� VD� UD]OLaLWRPYHOLaLQRP�SRUD�L�GRVWXSQRP�DNWLYQRP�SRYU^LQRP�3ROLPHU�VD�QDMYH`LP�SRUDPD�MH�SRND]DR����SXWDYH`X�DNWLYQRVW�RG�SROLPHUD�VD�QDMPDQMLP�SRUDPD�2SWLPDOQL�XVORYL�]D�LPRELOL]DFLMX�LQYHUWD]H�QD�WHVWL�

6OLND����5HODWLYQH�DNWLYQRVWL�LPRELOLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�X]DYLVQRVWL�RG�S+�YUHGQRVWL�IRVIDWQR�FLWUDWQRJ�SXIHUD�

)LJXUH����5HODWLYH�DFWLYLW\�RI�WKH�LPPRELOL]HG�HQ]\PHLQ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�S+�YDOXH�LQ�SKRVSKDWH�FLWULF�EXIIHU�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�����PRO�GP�

6OLND����5HODWLYQH�DNWLYQRVWL�LPRELOLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�X]DYLVQRVWL�RG�NRQFHQWUDFLMH�IRVIDWQRJ�SXIHUD�QD�S+��

)LJXUH����5HODWLYH�DFWLYLW\�RI�WKH�LPPRELOL]HG�HQ]\PHLQ�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�SKRVSKDWH�FLWULFEXIIHU��S+��

6OLND����6SHFLILaQD�DNWLYQRVW�LPRELOLVDQRJ�HQ]LPD�X]DYLVQRVWL�RG�PDVHQRJ�RGQRVD�SURWHLQ�QRVDa

)LJXUH����'HSHQGDQFH�RI�VSHFLILF�DFWLYLW\�RI�WKHLPPRELOL]HG�HQ]\PH�DW�YDULRXV�SURWHLQ�SRO\PHUUHODWLRQV��S+���LQ�SKRVSKDWH�FLWULF�EXIIHU��FRQFHWUDWLRQ����PRO�GP�

�����•��3(71,A.(�69(6.(��� '(2��,,

Page 58: 8WLFDMXOWUD]YXN D Q D HOHNWURKHPLMVNR L ...hem.petnica.rs/archive/pubs_2006.pdfQDSR QG RYROMQ RS RUDVWH NU LY D SRaLQM HGDUD VW H LVWLP QDJLER P ND R NUL YD]D EHO HCHQDEH]XO WUD]Y

UDQLP�HSRNVLGQLP�SROLPHULPD�VX�QD�S+�X�LQWHUYDOXRG���GR����SUL�NRQFHQWUDFLML�IRVIDWQRJ�SXIHUD�����PRO�GP��L�RGQRVX�SURWHLQ�QRVDa������6D�JUDILND���L��YLGL�VH�GD�SRVWRML�PRJX`QRVW�GRELMDQMD�YH`H�YUHG�QRVWL�VSHFLILaQH�DNWLYQRVWL�X�VOXaDMX�GD�VH�LPRELOL�]DFLMD�RGYLMD�X�UDVWYRUX�aLMD�MH�NRQFHQWUDFLMD�PDQMDRG�����PRO�GP��L�RGQRV�SURWHLQ�QRVDa�YH`L�RG�����5H]XOWDWL�NRML�VX�SULND]DQL�X�RYRP�UDGX�MDVQRXND]XMX�GD�VH�LPRELOL]DW�LQYHUWD]H�PRCH�NRULVWLWL�XUHDNWRUX�]D�KLGUROL]X�UDVWYRUD�VDKDUR]H�X�NRQGLWRU�VNRM�LQGXVWULML�

/LWHUDWXUD0DUWLQ�0��7���3ORX�3��-���$OFDOGH�0���%DOOHVWHURV$��������,PPRELOL]DWLRQ�RQ�(XSHUJLW�&�RIF\FORGH[WULQ�JOXFRV\OWUDQVIHUDVH��&*7DVH��DQGSURSHUWLHV�RI�WKH�LPPRELOLWHG�ELRFDWDO\VW��-RXUQDORI�0ROHFXODU�&DWDO\VLV�%��(Q]LPDWLF����������0LORVDYL`�1��%���3URGDQRYL`�5��0���-RYDQRYL`�6�0���1RYDNRYL`�,���9XMaL`�=��������3UHSDUDWLRQDQG�FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ�RI�WZR�W\SHV�RI�FRYDOHQWO\LPPRELOL]HG�DP\ORJOXFRVLGDVH��-��6HUE��&KHP�6RF�����������1DVWDVRYL`�$��������6LQWH]D��VYRMVWYD�L�SULPHQDPDNURSRUR]QLK�NRSROLPHUD��'RNWRUVND�GLVHUWDFLMD�7HKQROR^NR�PHWDOXU^NL�IDNXOWHW�8QLYHU]LWHWD�X%HRJUDGX3URGDQRYL`�5���@LUNRYL`�9HOLaNRYL`�7�������(Q]LPRORJLMD��ODERUDWRULMVNL�SULUXaQLN��%HRJUDG�+HPLMVNL�IDNXOWHW�8QLYHU]LWHWD�X�%HRJUDGX3URGDQRYL`�5��0���0LORVDYL`�1��%���6ODGL`�'��@LUNRYL`�9HOLaNRYL`�7���9XMaL`�=��������6\QWKHVLVRI�K\GURTXLQRQH�α�JOXFRVLGH�E\�α�JOXFRVLGVHIURP�EDNHU±V�\HDVW��%LRWHKQRORJ\�OHWWHUV����������3URGDQRYL`�5��0���0LORVDYL`�1��%���-RYDQRYL`�6�0���9XMaL`�=��0��������,PRELOL]DFLMD�LQYHUWD]H�L

JOXNRDPLOD]H�QD�PDNURSRUR]QRP�NRSROLPHUXJOLFLGLOPHWHNULODWD�L�HWLOHQJOLNROGLPHWDNULODWD�LQMLKRYD�SRWHQFLMDOQD�SULPHQD�X�ELRWHKQRORJLML�+HPLMVND�LQGXVWULMD����������

,YDQ�0UNL`�DQG�6WHIDQ�9XMLaL`2SWLPL]DWLRQ�RI�&RQGLWLRQV�IRU,PPRELOL]DWLRQ�RI�,QYHUWDVH�RQ0DFURSRURXV�&RSRO\PHU*0$�FR�(*'0$

,QYHUWD]H��JDLQHG�H[SHULPHQWDOO\��ZDV�LPPREL�OL]HG�XSRQ�WKUHH�VDPSOHV�RI�XQPRGLILHG�FRSRO\PHU*0$�FR�(*'0$��JO\FLG\O�PHWDFU\ODWH�FR�HWK\OHQHJO\FRO�GLPHWDFU\ODWH��ZLWK�GLIIHUHQW�SDUDPHWHUV�RISRURVLW\��,PPRELOL]DWLRQ�ZDV�SHUIRUPHG�LQ�D�FKDUJHUHDFWRU��7KH�S+��LRQ�IRUFH�DQG�UHODWLRQ�SURWHLQ�SRUWHUZHUH�YDULHG�LQ�RUGHU�WR�VHW�RSWLPDO�FRQGLWLRQV�IRUJDLQLQJ�WKH�LPPRELOL]HG�HQ]\PH�ZLWK�WKH�JUHDWHVWVSHFLILF�DFWLYLW\��$FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�UHVHDUFK�UHVXOWV�RSWLPDO�FRQGLWLRQV�IRU�LPPRELOL]DWLRQ�DUH�S+�EH�WZHHQ������FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�����PRO�GP��DQG�SURWHLQ�SRUWHU�UHODWLRQ������7KH�JUHDWHVW�VSHFLILF�DFWLYLW\�ZDVVKRZQ�LQ�WKH�HQ]\PH�LPPRELOL]HG�XSRQ�D�VDPSOH�RI*0$�FR�(*'0$��������QXPEHU����UHSUHVHQWV�WKHSHUFHQW�RI�Q�DOFRKRO�LQ�WKH�LQHUW�FRPSRQHQW�����LV�WKHQXPEHU�RI�&�DWRPV�LQ�WKH�DOFRKRO���7KLV�VDPSOH�KDVQHYHU�EHHQ�XVHG�IRU�WKDW�SXUSRVH�EHIRUH��)LQDO�UHVXOWVVKRZ�WKDW�WKH�LQYHUWD]H�FDQ�EH�VXFFHVVIXOO\�ERXQG�WRWKH�FRSRO\PHU�*0$�FR�(*'0$�DQG�XVHG�LQ�WKH�LQ�GXVWU\�

=%251,.�5$'29$����� +(0,-$��•�����