Acteurs, Thèmes et Echelles des systèmes

d’information en élevage, quel potentiel pour des

systèmes collaboratifs. L’exemple du système LIMS

Livestock Information and Management System

développé pour la communauté économique d’Afrique

australe SADC (Southern African Development

Community).

1

P. Bonnet Selmet CIRAD pascal.bonnet@cirad.fr

“Systèmes d’information et outils de pilotage du secteur

élevage : Postures et méthodes” CIRAD Montpellier 11-

13 Juillet 2011

Outlines

Introduction

Contexte, principe et préambules (terminologie) / Contexts and principles

– Contexte politique / Political context

– Contexte technique et organisationnel / Technical and organisational context

Méthodologie / methodology

– Analyse de la situation et analyse comparative des pays / situation analysis of LS information systems in member states in SADC

– Solutions d’étapes mises en œuvre / Solutions put in place and stages

premier « canal légal et hiérarchique» renforcé / a first hierarchical channel strengthened

deuxième canal collaboratif amorcé / a collaborative channel open

– Place des outils dans la participation des acteurs / Tools for the participation of stakeholders

Discussion

Conclusion

Introduction

Introduction: Information System for the livestock

sector of a « Regional Economic Community » SADC

15 SADC Member States: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Contexte, principe et préambules /

Contexts and principles

Contexte politique / Political context Regional Integration of SADC – Regional agenda and vision for the region

Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan RISDP

Dar Es Salaam declaration on Food security

Free Trade Agreement FTA, Common External Tariffs CET and Common market…

Regional Agricultural Policy

– Regional Sector-wide programs & projects (Health, Food security, Trade facilitation & SPS, ARD etc..)

Livestock Sector: PRINT “Promotion of the Regional Integration in the Livestock Sector”

Theories of « Regional Integration » as a basis for

designing an « integrated information system »

Integration’ Theories and Entry Points 1. Integration through the Market

n Importance of market related data (price) and information on trade & production

n Free Trade Area / « Comparative advantage » of countries

2. Integration by State and Planning

n Role of public services and information related to public goods

n Plan for Territorial & Regional Development (Complementarities, Transboundary Projects)

n Regional Agricultural Policy

3. Integration / Coordination by actors and organisations

n Importance of networking and partnership for coordinating regional activities (Multi-stakeholders context)

n Regional association and confederations, commodity chains, PPP

Stakes: Why a Regional perspective for LIMS? monitoring of Trade, LS

component of Food security, eco-regional management of TAD’s

(disease)…

Monitoring of Regional

Price trends

AVERAGE BEEF PRODUCER PRICES (N$/KG)

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Trade figures: HS0201 Meat of

bovine animals, fresh or chilled

Disease

CBPP

FMD

Contexte technique et

organisationnel / Technical and

organisational context

Information is central in this process

Need for Regional Statistics and Information on the sector to monitor achievements of programs & policies – Data & Information as “public goods” : animal health, infrastructures,

legislation..

– Data & Information as “private goods” or “privatized goods”?: market data (prices), production & trade figures..

Objective 1: make accessible an increasing amount of valuable statistics to guide the regional policies – Needs to to "share information" across organizational boundaries (e.g. public –

private sector, various ministries, stakeholders)

– Needs to "share information" across thematic boundaries (e.g. animal health - human health, animal science)

Objective 2: make available a series of Collaborative Tools that would foster the interaction between actors & within networks – Needs to "share information" across spatial boundaries (e.g. transnational)

– Needs to "share information" across electronic boundaries (interoperability, connectivity of systems)

IS Information System / Système

d'information

Un système d'information (SI) est un

ensemble organisé de ressources

(matériels, logiciels, personnel, données

et procédures) qui permet de

regrouper, de classifier, de traiter et

de diffuser de l'information sur un

environnement donné. (wikipedia)

LS Terra incognita ?

Les acteurs de l’élevage au centre

des processus et systèmes

d’information dans leurs territoires

respectifs

LOCAL

GLOBAL GLOCAL

Region at the cross roads: multilevel

actors in between Local & Global

administrative

technical

International: FAO – OIE - WHO Continent: AU IBAR

REC: SADC

ECOWAS..

Country

CSO

Ministries

Agric stats

Local Actors and their territories: Farmers and Firms, Coop. Associations..

local

Global

Can global IS be used for local decision ?

Can Local IS be upscaled

to guide decision making at national and regional levels?

What collaboration can be expected between IS ?

Global

Actors

Local

Actors

SoftWare

ContentWare

HumanWare

HardWare

Collaboration in IS – 4 Dimensions

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AVG 2006 AVG 2004 AVG 2005

Local Area Network

WHO WHY

HOW

HOW

WHAT, WHERE, WHEN

Procedures

Méthodologie / Methodology

Situation analysis

In countries: visit of a broad array of local to national IS, decipher their roles, characterize 4 dimensions

Review of international initiatives and their usable tools & IS “models” : a broad array of themes and sources – Thematic: AH Tadinfo, Aris, Wahid, HH WHO HMN (health

metrics network)… versus Multi themes: Devinfo UN (MDG indicators)

– Regional versus national: SADC regional trade database, national custom databases

– Standardized (use of standards ISO) versus heterogeneous contents

SA 1/ Organogram of information flows,

networking and organisation

2) Data collected, themes

3) Databases applications and platforms

used and consequences in terms of

hardware and software specifications

required

4) Interconnectivity – interoperability

within the country (sub systems), and with

international systems

5) Reporting for policy analysis,

Institutional and Professional

actors of IS in SADC

Human ware

functional and hierarchical lines

Community of users and contributors

Focus on Humanware: Our Targets

Main: Public Sector with a Development Mandate – Ministries: Animal Production AP and Animal Health AH

divisions / departments within Min. of Agric. or Min. of LS

– Trade and Industry, Planning departments and NSO’s…

Secondary: Private Sector MESOACTORS – Livestock Industry of the region: e.g. SALMF, SAMIC,

Namibian Meat Board, Botswana Meat Commission BMC etc..

Have various levels of organisation / integration

– Farmers associations & Commodity associations

– Confederations of actors: SACAU

Not the farmers themselves

Tertiary: Research and Academia – Partners doing Action Research (with development issues)

Universities mobilized to supply Methodological Toolkits (contents)

– made available within IS..

SADC : LS sector & LIMS Institutional Framework

SADC ad hoc sub committees + LTC

Actors and hierarchy of Information systems

SADC

secretariat

FANR

Food Agriculture and

Natural Resources

IS

Infrastructures and Service

SHDSP

Social and Human Development

And Special Programs

TIFI

Trade, Industry Finance

Investments

SPM Livestock

Project

14 MS

4 Sub committees

One LTC

APVM EIS

Lab VPH FS

LI

MS

LI

MS

FANR Information Systems LIMS AIMS

In all Member States

Stakeholders

Private sector

Public sector

SADC LTC Sub committees

Other SADC Information Systems

LIMS National

LIMS Infra National

HumanWare: Two different schemes of organization and

collaboration to consider: hierarchical and collaborative,

fragmented

Public

sphere

Private

sphere

parastatal

Farmer’s unions /

commodity associations

/ confederations

Industry

Meat Dairy

boards

MoA DAHP / CSO

Vertical &

Hierarchical

links:

STKH subject

to Regulatory

bodies (CSO,

DVS..)

Horizontal & Functional

Links: cooperation,

alliance, networking,

collaboration

academia

Livestock data

« Contact persons » equipped for LIMS : contributors

Projects: FAO/OSRO/RAF/602/BEL

OCHA

NGO’s / CNONGD

IGC

Abattoir

SNSA

Agric.

Stats

DMPCC prices DPSA

Division Hygiene

Division Santé Animale

Laboratoire

INS

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA STATISTIQUE

Douanes-custom Ministère de la santé METTELSAT

OCC SQAV

Banque BCC

Public

Donors/projects

COPEMECO

Associations-SME’s

Private sector

Groupe SEBO Orgaman - Ranch

INERA AMENIKIN

PRONADEF

ICCN

Bush meat

Private/

Association

CEDESURK

Objective: consolidate tiles of heterogeneous

information (Raw data)

offering a full picture:

a « google earth » spirit

Bricks by Bricks ask every actor to

contribute to the building of the house

Collaborative: assemble bricks of information

Hierarch

ical: transfer ag

greg

ate

Hybrid

IS two folds: 1/ A centralized system with Agric. Surveys

and Census in all Countries & various methods applied =>

LS neglected and underrepresented

Aggregation in space and time

Estimates Sampling

2/ Few “Working datasets” as independent sets of

information used only by some organizations for their

decision be they private or public, but not “official”

Public: Veterinary

services accounts of

number of animals thru

vaccinations undertaken

during the year

Dairy cooperatives: data

on milk collected

wasted and processed

then marketed: seen as

a “private” good

Dormant datasets: – Questionnaires filled on

the ground but never

captured in any

database

All data recording

“channels” are

independent from

each other be they

in the public or

private sectors

Few exceptions with mutualisation of efforts: Continuous

recording and Multiple Data Sources posted online in

Namibia in a Google-like sharable table: Meatboard, DVS,

CSO..

Collaboration thanks to Organisation and Institutions:

Interprofessions / Commodity associations or Boards

have an heterogeneous status in SADC countries

Un premier « canal légal et

hiérarchique» renforcé / a first

hierarchical channel to

strengthen

Hierarchical

Collate from within the hierarchy

Collaborative: assemble bricks of information

Hierarch

ical: transfer ag

greg

ate

Hybrid

LIMS Regional

SADC scale 1

National LIMS scale 2

Ministries Sources of data in MS Spatial / Social Partitions of a country

Technical / Institutional partitions or

Administrative partition set up

e.g. Commodity associations partitions

e.g. Region / District / …

Architecture of LIMS: 1/ hierarchical institutions

AIMS-LIMS

Analyse Disseminate / Centrally

Access / Consult Need for a full hierachical

chain of submission

Centralized WEBmapping

Un deuxième canal collaboratif à

amorcer / a second collaborative

channel to open

Collaborative

Can the invisible be investigated ?

Does the controversy help posing

proper questions ?

Conflict or controversy:

not only one response to the question

Thanks to new information brought to knowledge of the community

Source 1

Source 2

SADC LIMS scale 1

National LIMS scale 2

Sources of data in MS Spatial / Social Partitions of a country

Technical / Institutional partitions or

Administrative partition set up

e.g. Commodity associations partitions

e.g. Region / District / …

Architecture of LIMS: 2/ allow non hierarchical institutions or

individuals to post information as flash map (Geoclip) (CMS

linked) : decentralized option & collaboration and alliance

1 LIMS scale 1

regional

2 LIMS scale2

National

3 LIMS scale3

Infra national

Institutional:

Networks /

LIMS task

force

AIMS

Use existing local database (industry,

farmers associations..)

Submit online in CMS = direct map sharing

Access / Consult

Solutions d’étapes mises en œuvre

/ Solutions put in place and stages

Consolidating and branding the networking

approach

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

L&W

Agric

R&D

SC

Producti

on

SC

epidemio

logy

SC VPH

SC Labs

CSO

Meteo-

rologica

l

L

I

M

S

-

T

h

e

m

e

s

Forum used to Foster Horizontal integration of SADC Networks:

Regional Sub Committees = thematic task forces

Contribution may

vary from SC to SC

1 2 3 4 15

L&W

NRM

Industry

SC

APVM

SC EIS

SC VPH

FS

SC Labs

CSO

L

I

M

S

-

T

h

e

m

e

s

15 national networks : “LIMS task forces & forums “ => reliable stats & information

sharing amongst users and providers from various ministries etc..

Forum used to Foster Vertical integration of SADC Networks: LIMS

national networks

Tools should support Modular

Division of Workload, Various

themes, sharing of responsibilities,

various forms of participation

From collection and Transfer of data to Dissemination and Use of

Information, or thematic discussion

Focus on Software to better achieve

collaboration

Collaborative software is software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals – Collaborative software is the basis for computer

supported cooperative work

– Wiki, e-forums, Google, web portals, social bookmarking, collaborative cartography & databases..

Metcalfe's law applies - the more people who use something, the more valuable it becomes - – Critical size of such a user’s community ? (adoption

curve)

Results and Solutions experimented

2008-2009: Collaborative statistical information chain: standardized contents, software’s & devices with interoperability functions linking Field to Databases – Database

– Field devices (Mobile phones and DPT) to National and Regional LIMS database (in collaboration with FAO)

2009-2010: Portal and WEB20 tools selected integrated assembled to serve the SADC livestock community = social and professionals networks (formal and informal), given their modus operandi, roles and duties 1. CMS (EZ publish) to manage information on LIMS site, linked to AIMS

portal and using some of its features

2. WIKI for sharing documents

3. Forum: Dgroups and pHpBB to discuss topics or technical problems

4. Web maps (Mapserver and Geoclip) for displaying and making accessible regional and local data

LIMS Excel Access based reports - database,

functions and role can be defined as broad or

narrow

•Multi-lingual

•Decentralised

•Numeric and directories

•International standards

Coll. Software: Ingredients for Fostering

Collaboration

Some ingredients within overarching AIMS

Other ingredients used specifically for LIMS

community

Database

Bricks of information

multisources

LIMS Core Database Components:

independent modules and connected thru

physical and human networks

Leadership for coordination

MoH

MoA DVS DAP

Agric Stats Customs

Ministry of trade

Official stats

NSO CSO’s

Coordination

By ?

Core AIMS task

force

and specific forum

LIMS

Database: Institutions or Individual

Users can have a role:

an array of data in the modules

Interoperability IO / Integration

of IS

IS workflow

IO la capacité que possède un système, dont les interfaces sont intégralement connues, à fonctionner avec d'autres

systèmes existants ou futurs et ce sans restriction d'accès ou de mise en œuvre

IO sémantiques syntaxiques ou techniques

SADC LIMS scale 1 FANR

LSU

National LIMS scale 2 AIMS-LIMS task forces

& statistical forum

Spatial / Socio-economic

Partitions of a country

e.g. Administrative and Technical partitions

e.g. Animal Health management zones

e.g. Commodity associations partitions

e.g. Region / District / …

e.g. Wildlife management zones

How to collate data : multiple time scales and spatial partitions

given sources and themes => multiple actors Observational Units

AIMS Portal 1 LIMS scale 1

regional

3 LIMS scale3

Infra national

partitions /

provinces

district

2 LIMS scale2

National

Wildlife & Game zoning: Ministry of Environment BW Vet. Zoning, camps: MoA DVS BW

Statistics assembled by

provinces in RSA

2c

12

13

11

1

4a

7

10

6

8

5

16

9

3b

3a

4b

3c

17

Na

mib

ia

Republic of

South Africa

Zimbabw

e

ZambiaAngola

Republic of

South Africa

2a2b

2d3c

3c

Caprivi-Strip

300 0 300 600 Kilometers

N

EW

S

Botswana Veterinary Disease Control Zones

Veter inary disease control zones

LEGEN D

The Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionDepart ment of Animal Health and ProductionPrivate Bag 0032GaboroneBotswana

Telephone: + 267 350635Fax: + 267 303744E-mail: DAHP@gov.bw

Collection of Information from Field

surveys: DPT

Interconnect systems : e.g. LIMS (AH Mod.) and

Animal Health Information systems ..

LIMS is ready to export to some Int. IS (OIE)

LIMS is respectful of what exists in countries

e.g. LIMS has 3 Modules on Animal Health (out of 11) – Module 7 Meat Inspection / Food

safety

– Module 10 Disease Outbreak notification

– Module 11 Vaccinations (e.g. TAD’s)

Querying Exporting from such systems and produce a Table respecting the structure of the SADC LIMS template will allow to import the same data into LIMS

AU IBAR

WAHIS

Scale 3:

Farm

LIMS infra national:

province

LIMS national

connected to DEVinfo

Portal and Regional LIMS

Mission in DRC July 2008 adopted linkage with Information systems in place

Few International initiatives to collecte multiple sources

National DEVinfo: MDG’s indicators and Strategy for Growth and

Reduction of Poverty in the region.

weakness 1/ time frame = yearly agregate of indicators (not raw data)

2/ under representation of LS and agriculture into MDG indicators

some novel approaches: aggregation in various zones

Livestock might be an

entire component

of DEVinfo here DRC

but in some countries

only

Portal CMS

Visibility & integration

PRINT-LIMS is one room of the

AIMS « house »

SADC AIMS - LIMS Integration to AIMS /

LIMS

AIMS

Combine visions on architecture and

principles for Agric. Envir. IS at SADC

WIKI

Knowledge system

Main purpose: use a common e-manual

for the collaborative LIMS database

Hard copies also published and disseminated (regular editing planned)

Forum

Dialogue

Dgroups Forum: sharing the same address

for the community LIMS@d2.dgroups.org

Dissemination of information

analysed

LIMS products to Feed back to MS

WebMapping

Data Sharing and reutilisation

Based on experience of

a central solution =>

need for adding a

decentralized tool

(GEOCLIP)

Webmapping tools combined:

centralized & decentralized

Centralized WMS, needs good bandwidth

Decentralized Flash

-Based « GeoClip »

1

2

e.g. assemble and

organizing layers to

produce proper maps

WMS OGC

Geoclip: Webmapping decentralized,

associated with local data (no regional

submission needed)

Portal:

Instructions

and Manuals

on how to use

Access maps themes and data

Discussion

Perspectives & Lessons to foster

collaboration Need to understand the “hidden agenda” of many actors: decipher potential collaboration, power positions

Decrease costs of IS: collaboration

Have information services and dedicated staff in organisations

Need to provoke interest of various stakeholders in member states – Should have themes broad enough to attract interest from private and public bodies

– Put Themes as modules so that one actor can lead 100% of his topic

– Allow any temporal scale or spatial scale used by stakeholders

Need to provoke broader interest within SADC secretariat – Integration within SADC : AIMS, from a project portfolio to a central collaborative IS/ portal on

LS, agriculture and the environment

Build a community and sub communities - networks around tools and processes with champions identified and trained

– Division of work allowed by the IS, roles and functions to be agreed upon, championship promoted

– Concrete deliverable issued to promote the process vis a vis decision makers

Keep rooms to Upgrade the system from working with various levels of technologies and capacity to eventually reach a fully internet-based system

– Excel & Access: simple and tabular to start with

Finally Deciphering

« participation » is essential in the

process of collaborative statistics

Andrea Cornwall /

Community

Development

Journal, Vol. 43,

Issue 3, pp. 269-283,

2008 “Unpacking

'Participation': Models,

Meanings and Practices “

Marc Schlossberg and Elliot Shuford, Delineating “Public” and “Participation” in

PPGIS, URISA Journal • Vol. 16, No. 2 • 2005

LIMS “Skeleton” – Proper Timeline for introduction + adoption of Tools

2010

Networks meetings / Community

workshops / PPP

Humanware: Continuous Support +

Building regional networks, PPP, Training

2006 2009

ContentWare: colllaboration

for standardizing LIMS contents

2006

Software: Collaborative LIMS

Database and WMS, manuals

Integration into AIMS

2008

Software: Collaborative Portal

CMS (AIMS & LIMS) WEB20 new tools

Dgroups Forum Geoclip WIKI

2009

Monitoring and Understanding adoption:

monitor over the long run

-"Innovators": EIS sub committee (Health) pulling the system.

-"Early adopters": "leaders of opinions", see the opportunity though not fully engaged.

-"Early majority": think of using people : the real target => involving them.

-"Late majority": « Skeptical » or "pragmatic", who will adopt when the majority is already in !

-"Laggards": "critical" or "traditionalists" will adopt when the technology becomes traditional

Point to reach

Data Reporting rates = Database

adoption monitored at regional level by

SADC (transfer of files), Discussion Noise

thru Forum, Google analytics…

Hierachical versus Collaboration

channel / Hybridization

What works best?

Needs more time

Hierachical channel: foster from the

roots of information Collaboration between CSO’s and Agric Stats and LS departments to unify efforts on common surveys

Living Standard Measurement Studies – Integrated Surveys of Agriculture project (LSMS-ISA)

Livestock Data Innovation in Africa Project

Collaborative models = Google - T4A

always a long process to sustain

now applied to SE data and LS

Information shared: private, public (or secret)

the « Data - Information - Intelligence » continuum

Private Public

Secret

Future appraisal: Collection of Data and

measures : is resolution acceptable useful or

not?

Is collaboration utopia?: opportunistic behavior data being issued but with level of details that does not make enough

sense , is it worth continuing ?

Conclusion

Conclusion LIMS an Hybrid system customized to the needs of people at the time of development and with a mid term vision

– Hierarchical and Collaborative

– SI in its 4 dimensions

– Set of tools not a database

Main Interest of LIMS tools at monitoring Process of Participation (what is shared and why and when)

– Improve adoption: Use competition between sub groups of the community => catalyzing / influencing / championing

Currently good level of Ownership – Warrant of potential sustainability after the end of a catalyzing project

– Though Dependency on external organizations Consultants so far, gradually to be replaced by champions, service internalized

SADC pending Info Unit to take over in collaboration with projects

Expect New Stakes to foster participation and adoption

– Need for data to monitor FTA

– Need to Debate the Design of RAP

Issue: Fragile Reliance on Hardware development in the region – uncertainty

Investments: LAN in Ministries and access to internet

Backbones

Acknowledgements

European Commission

SADC – FANR and PRINT Sister Projects

ICART and AIMS community

Member States

Partners, Networks & Civil Society

(Private Sector Academia)

Misaotra

Thank you for your attention

Merci

Muito obrigado pela vossa attenção

Asanti Sana

RE A LEBOGA Dankie…