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Improving Relevance and Quality of Undergraduate Education Project
Ministry of Higher Education
Environmental Management Plan for Leadership and Quality Development Center (LQDC), Malabe, Sri Lanka
Draft Final Report
Mahesh Jayaweera
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 New Constructions under Component 3 of HETC 1 1.3 Objective of the present Study 2 1.4 Project Location 4 1.5 Methodology Used for the Study 5
1.5.1 Methodology for Ecological Study 5 1.5.2 Social Impacts 7
1.6 Baseline of the existing environment 7 1.6.1 Ecological Resources 7 1.6.2 Present land use patterns of the area 11 1.6.3 Existing conditions in the physical environment 11
Chapter 2 - Task 1: Design Recommendations 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Management of drainage and storm water in the site 13 2.3 Sewage and disposal of wastewater 14 2.4 Rainwater Harvesting 14 2.5 Designs for lightning 15 2.6 Cabling for different uses in the building 15 2.7 Disturbances to IT facilities 15 2.8 Entrance road to the proposed site 15
Chapter 3 - Task 2: Potential Impacts of the Project 3.1 Impacts during the Construction stage 17 3.2 Impacts during the Operational stage 23
Chapter 4 - Task 3: Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Plan 4.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 28 4.2 Environmental compliance and monitoring 33 4.3 Cost estimate on Environmental Management Plan 33 4.4 Recommendations 34
References 35
Annexures
Annex 1: Fauna Species Recorded 38 Annex 2: Flora Species Recorded 41 Annex 3: Terms of Reference for preparing EMPs for the three ATIs
and LQDC funded by HEDP 47 Annex 4: Proposed Plan of the premises 51
Chapter 1
Introduction
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1.1 Project Background
Recognizing the vital importance of the higher education sector for Sri Lanka’s economic future GOSL
and the World Bank have agreed, as part of the Bank’s Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) FY09-FY12, to
provide assistance to the higher education sector through a new IDA funded Higher Education operation
that will succeed the current IRQUE. The Bank is the only large development partner in the higher
education sector in Sri Lanka, and hence this operation is of great importance to the sector.
The HETC is organized into four components. The first component will support national level
developments in the higher education sector. The second component would assist the development of
universities, with a special emphasis on improving the quality of programs and the employability of
graduates. The third component will support the development of the alternative higher education
sector, which provides employment-oriented programs in areas of importance for the economy. The
fourth component focuses on human resource development, as well as monitoring and evaluation,
studies and communication.
Of the four sub-components that make up the Higher Education for the Twenty First Century project, it
is largely in sub-component 3, which is aimed at strengthening advanced technological education, that
the application of environmental safeguards will become relevant. Rest of the activities of the HEDP is
largely environmentally benign.
1.2 New Constructions under Component 3 of HETC
The HETC will support the construction of buildings and basic infrastructure for three new ATIs in
underserved areas in the Northern Province, the estate sector and the far South-Eastern Region. These
will serve as models for the next generation of ATIs, with close linkages to the work place, both in terms
of integrating students’ work placement assignments into the curriculum, and the participation of
employers in the management and teaching of programs. The HETC will also assist SLIATE to establish a
new Leadership and Quality Development Center (LQDC) to facilitate leadership and quality
development initiatives by SLIATE.
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A brief description of the selected sites for the proposed buildings is given below:
• ATI for Northern Province - A suitable land has been selected in Vavuniya between the
Omanthai and Thandikulam railway stations with access from the main A9 road. The proposed
land is a flat land and about 5 acres in extent.
• ATI for Estate Sector – Site selected is in Rathnapura in the new town. The land is 1 acre in
extent and located on top of a hillock. The proposed building is a 4-storey one with a capacity to
hold 1000 day students.
• ATI in the Southern Province – Site selected is in Tangalle, approximately about 4 Km from the
town centre.
• LQDC – The site identified for the new LQDC is close to the Malabe IT park and 60 perches in
extent.
1.3 Objective of the present Study
This Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared pursuant to the World Bank’s environmental
safeguard policies OP/BP 4.01 in addition to conforming to environmental legislation of the Government
of Sri Lanka (GOSL). Since the environmental impacts of building construction are not expected to result
in significant or irreversible changes, the project will be an environment category B and hence the
preparation of site -specific EMPs for the proposed site prior to commencement of construction activity
would suffice to meet the requirements of OP 4.01. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is
based on the Environmental Assessment (EA) Study carried out by a team led by Dr. Mahesh Jayaweera
in December 2009.
The present EA is for the proposed building construction for the new LQDC close to the Malabe IT Park.
This report outlines the findings of the study as detailed below:
(a) Assessment of Proposed Designs
The proposed Designs were assessed with respect to the following main aspects, which were selected
after a reconnaissance survey of the proposed site and the Architectural Designs of the proposed
construction.
• Management of drainage and storm water in the site
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• Sewage and waste water disposal options that will minimize the threat of groundwater
contamination
• Water conservation options that will mi nimize pressure on groundwater
• Energy conservation in the buildings
• Any other potential impacts
(b) Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project and Mitigation
The study aims to identify potential impacts due to the proposed development activity which include
the following. It also identifies specific mitigation measures based on the identified impacts.
• Construction stage – generation and disposal of construction waste, extraction of groundwater
for construction, noise and air pollution, land reclamation, removal of vegetation, disturbance to
soil/slope stability, risk of landslides, disturbance to hydrology, transport of construction
materials and operation of borrow sites, possible effects due to proposed technique of sewage
disposal, operation of labour camps and any other.
• Operation stage – Generation and disposal of (a) solid waste from class rooms and canteens (b)
toxic wastes from laboratories (c) any other
(c) Development of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans were developed for each site according to the
following methodology.
• Develop EMPs for the site with recommendations on feasible and cost-effective measures to
prevent or reduce significant negative impacts and to enhance the environmental sustainability
of the buildings.
• Provide cost estimates for the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, where
appropriate.
• With the inputs from the Ministry of Higher Education and IDA identify the responsible
party(ies) for the implementation and monitoring of the proposed measures
• Prepare a detailed monitoring plan to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures and
the impacts of the project during construction and operations
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1.4 Project Location
The site identified for the new LQDC is close to the Malabe IT park and 60 perches in extent (see Plates 1, 2 and 3)
Plate 1. The proposed site surrounded by residential homesteads and paddy fields.
Plate 2. The gravel road is the main access road to the site. The land faces a low-lying abandoned paddy
fields. The surrounding is a middle-class residential area.
Site for the proposed LQDC
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Plate 3. The area within the land which needs filling. This area is mostly water logged and borders the
frontal boundary and Sudarshana Mawatha.
1.5 Methodology Used for the Study
As an initial activity, preliminary data was collected, evaluated and compared with the requirements of
the Terms of Reference (TOR) to identify data gaps.
The conceptual architectural designs were closely studied for the proposed building site for Leadership
and Quality Development Center (LQDC) at Malabe. The consultant had discussions with the architects
in properly understanding the design concepts for the buildings as well as its features and ground
conditions in the proposed sites.
1.5.1 Methodology for Ecological Study
A reconnaissance survey was done to identify major habitats / vegetations in and around the proposed
project area. A Rapid survey was carried out during the day time in order to prepare a species inventory,
to identify possible ecological impacts and to identify existing environmental problems / issues within
the proposed project area and outside of the project area. This survey included field assessment using
line-transect method gone through identified habitats / vegetations and literature review of recent
related published material. All groups of vertebrates such as Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish and
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Mammals and two invertebrate groups namely Butterflies and Dragonflies were the main groups of
fauna focused in this survey. A floristic survey of the higher plants and lower plants were also carried
out.
Flora Sampling
A general survey was carried out in order to document the flora in the area. Direct recording
methodology was used to determine the diversity of flora of the area. Lists of plants were prepared
with reference to different habitats / vegetations of the study area. In addition, threats and human
disturbances associated with the habitat / vegetations types were also noted.
Fauna Sampling
Sampling of fauna was done in parallel to the floral transects. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method
was used to record faunal species. Both direct and indirect observations (calls¸ foot marks, pellets,
tracks) were made.
Secondary information on biodiversity and environmental issues were collected by personal
communication with villagers and relevant officers. This was also done by reviewing published
documents and unpublished data. In addition, photographic records were made of the visual aspects of
habitats of proposed area.
The observed faunal and floral species were identified by using published descriptions and taxonomic
keys provided by D’Abrera (1998), Bedjanic et al., (2007), Harrison (1999), Phillips (1935), Kotagama
(2005), Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2006), Das and De Silva (2005), De Silva (2006),
Goonatilake (2007), Somaveera (2007), Dassanayake and Fosberg (1980 - 1991); Dassanayake, Fosberg
and Clayton (1994 - 1995); Dassanayake and Clayton (1996 - 2000); Dassanayake, Clayton and Shaffer-
Fehre (2006). The conservation status of the species was recorded according to The 2007 Red List of
Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka (IUCN SL and the ME&NR, 2007). Nomenclature of flowering
plant is based on Senaratna (2001).
1.5.2 Social Impacts
Scoping meetings were held with the neighborhood to identify key social issues to be addressed and any
additional issues which have to be considered in the preparation of the Environment Management Plan
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(EMP) and to seek consensus on the mitigation approaches to be adopted. Their views on the present
condition of the area, environmental and social issues, impacts of proposed construction and
methodologies to be adopted, likely impacts on social conditions of the neighborhood were discussed.
Licenses, permits and other approvals required for the implementation of the remedial measures were
identified and compliance with these regulatory standards has been ensured in the preparation of
mitigation measures.
The Monitoring Program outlines the monitoring objectives, specific information to be collected (by
sampling or other means) and the management of construction activities giving mitigation measures for
abating or lessening potential environmental impacts. In addition, the parameters to be monitored
continually during the project implementation period with the participation of relevant institutions and
agencies are also detailed out.
1.6 Baseline of the existing environment
1.6.1 Ecological Resources
Existing Floristic Habitats
Most of the lands in the proposed project area are now under human influence and cleared for human
settlements and agriculture. Some cleared lands are abandoned later and natural regeneration has
begun to establish in these areas. The major natural and non natural floristic habitats found in the
proposed project land were:
• Secondary disturbed forest (Sparse Forest)
• Vegetation associated with waterlogged Area
• Vegetation associated with cleared area
The Major natural and non natural floristic habitats found in the vicinity of the proposed project land
were:
• Paddy and associated vegetation (Canals, Water holes)
• Banana cultivated lands
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• Rubber lands
• Home gardens
Secondary disturbed forest (Sparse Forest) – see plates 3, 4, 5 and 6
Most of the area of proposed land is covered by sparse forest having 8 – 10m canopy height and about
15 cm diameter. Pioneer trees, Litsea glutinosa (Boomiya), Macaranga peltata (Kenda), Mallotus
tetracoccus (Bu Kenda) are common species in the canopy and Lannea coromandelica (Hik), Trema
orientalis (Gedumba) are other pioneer tree species in the canopy of the sparse forest. Pagiantha
dichotoma (Divi Kaduru), Clerodendrum infortunatum (Sudu Pinna), Microcos paniculata (Kirilla),
Ziziphus oenoplia (Heen Eraminiya), Calophyllum inophyllum (Domba), Symplocos cochinchinensis
(Bombu), Lantana camara (Lantata / Gandapana) are common plant species in the understory of the
sparse forest. Annex 2 includes all the plant species recorded in the sparse forest during the study with
necessary information.
Vegetation associated with waterlogged area
Amphibious or semi aquatic plants commonly inhabit the waterlogged area. Colocasia esculenta
(Gahala), Cyclosorus interruptus, Lagenandra sp. (Ketala), Lasia spinosa (Kohila), Mikania cordata
(Wathu Palu), Wedelia trilobata, Commelina diffusa (Gira Pala) are the common plant species in
waterlogged area. Annex 2 includes all the plant species recorded in the waterlogged area during the
study with necessary information.
Vegetation associated with cleared area
Some parts of the sparse forest have been cleared for banana cultivation and abandoned after that.
Weedy herbs and shrubs have begun to establish in this area. Eupatorium odoratum (Podisinnamaran),
Synedrella nodiflora, Vernonia cinerea (Monara Kudumbiya), Wedelia trilobata, Cleome rutidosperma,
Croton hirtus (Wal Tippili), Euphorbia heterophylla, Mikania cordata (Wathu Palu), Desmodium
heterocarpon (Et Undupiyaliya), Oxalis barrelieri, Panicum maximum (Rata Tana / Guinea Grass),
Cardiospermum halicacabum (Penela Wel) are weedy herbs and shrubs inhabiting in this area. Scattered
Musa x paradisiaca (Kesel / Banana) bushes also remain in this area. Annex 2 includes all the plant
species recorded in the cleared area during the study with necessary information.
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Plate 3. Disturbed scrubland in the middle of the land.
Plate 4. Disturbed scrubland in the middle of the land.
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Plate 5. Secondary vegetation bordering 5th Lane.
Plate 6. Overgrown vegetation bordering Sudarshana Mawatha.
Paddy and associated vegetation (Canals, Water holes)
One of the most dominant floristic habitats found outside of the proposed land. Colocasia esculenta
(Gahala), Cyclosorus interruptus, Lygodium microphyllum (Pamba Wel), Salvinia molesta (Salvinia),
Pandanus kaida (Wetake), Ludwigia decurrens, Schoenoplectus grossus, Rhynchospora corymbosa,
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Fimbristylis spp., Cyperus spp., Annona glabra (Wel Atha) are common plant species associated with
paddy lands, canals and water holes. Annex 2 includes all the plant species recorded in paddy and
associated vegetation during the study with necessary information.
Home Gardens
Other dominant floristic habitat found outside of the proposed land and Mangifera indica (Amba /
Mango), Areca catechu (Puwak / Areca nut), Cocos nucifera (Pol / Coconut), Terminalia catappa
(Kottana), Filicium decipiens (Pihimbiya) are common home garden plants.
1.6.2 Present land use patterns of the area
As can be seen from Plate 1, the surrounding area is a typical sub-urban residential setting. The plot
sizes are about 20-30 perch, and the residents have mostly migrated to this area during the last two
decades. The majority of the neighborhood engages in employment outside the locality (mainly in and
around Colombo). There are small homesteads with narrow access roads either tarred or gravel. Small-
scale banana plantation and a rubber plot are located nearby, and a continuous stretch of abandoned
paddy fields are located between the proposed and the Bandaranayake Mawatha.
1.6.3 Existing conditions in the physical environment
The ground slopes towards the paddy field where the land is mostly water logged. There is a drain
running parallel to the access road and the paddy field but heavily vegetated, thus hindering the flow of
water. According to the residents in the vicinity, the access road which runs parallel to the low-lying
paddy field is flooded frequently, due to poor drainage. The inundation would last for a few days, and
occasionally lasts for about a week, thus hampering vehicular transportation along the road. According
to them the water levels along the road can reach about 4 feet.
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Chapter 2
Task 1: Design Recommendations
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2.1 Introduction
The schematic diagrams submitted by Nandana Karunasena Associates, Chartered Architects, Engineers,
Town Planners & Interior Designers of No 06, Charliment Road, Colombo 06, Sri Lanka have been
studied in detail. Discussions were also held at the World Bank office in Colombo and Architect Pavithra
Subasinghe explained the functionality of the designs and other important features of the building and
the surrounding area. However, the following recommendations are either important to be
incorporated fully or with appropriate modifications in order to lessen the imminent adverse issues that
are very likely with the construction of the proposed building complex.
2.2 Management of drainage and storm water in the site
The land on which the building will be located is found to be sloping with a maximum difference in
elevation between the frontal boundary and the rear of the site being more than 3 feet. Drawing No.
NKA/ACH/SLIATE/AR-01 giving details on ground floor plan shows that the main building is raised by 2 ½
feet at the closest part to the existing main road. When the situation is analyzed with regards to flooding
in the area, it is evident that the area is inundated by 1 feet – 1 ½ feet every year (Personal
communication with the neighbors and evidences on trees and other permanent structures) particularly
the access road and the frontal portion of the proposed land (see Plate 3). Further, it has been found
that this area is flooded even up to 4 feet every 5-10 year period, a fact which has been verified by the
neighboring community. As per the drawings, it is clear that the proposed building is designed for
annual flood but not for a 5-10 year flood.
It is also shown that changing room, security point and some staff parking lots will be inundated (see
Annex 4 – Proposed plan of the premises) during a 5-10 year flood. It is also likely that the main access
road from which the main entrance gate has been proposed for the site would be inundated at least up
to 2 feet during flooding. Hence, further raising of the building (portion close to the road) at least by 1 ½
feet is recommended.
Due to the sloping nature of the land, it is clear that the storm water drainage has to be prepared from
the rare side towards the frontal boundary and then through a culvert to the nearby canal on the other
side of the road. However, during flooding as a pool of water stagnates in the frontal boundary, storm
water drainage seems to create problems until water level recedes up to a level below the road level.
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A system to recede flooded water has not been studied yet and therefore it is recommended to study
possibilities in detail. Particularly during flooding storm water drainage from the proposed land is
hampered and hence creating a pond at a strategic location in the form of a retention pond is
recommended. This will direct all the storm water so collected in the proposed land into one strategic
location so that the risk of inundation of other areas could be minimized.
In summary, a proposed drainage plan giving due consideration to existing and intended filling levels
must be made prior to construction work begins. Otherwise, the functionality of the building complex is
hindered and access to the land may perhaps be completely cut off during the rainy seasons.
2.3 Disposal of sewage and wastewater
Architects have indicated that a septic tank system with associated soakage pits will be provided in
order to dispose of black and grey water generated within the building complex. The building is designed
for average day population of 40 persons but no one would reside within the premises overnight.
The exact locations in which septic tanks and soakage pits are to be built are not yet decided and it
seems that they are to be located towards the frontal side of the land particularly due to the slope
towards the frontal side of the land. The levels of the septic tanks and soakage pits are therefore of
utmost importance particularly in relation to flooding scenarios.
As per the Code of Practice, Sri Lanka Standards 745: Part I (2004) on the design and construction of
septic tanks and associated effluent disposal systems, soakage pits are not suitable for sites subjected to
flooding and recommends seepage trench systems and other sophisticated systems for effective
drainage of effluent from the septic tank. Hence, it is recommended that a proper effluent disposal
system be introduced as the water table lies very close to the ground surface particularly during the
rainy seasons.
2.4 Rainwater Harvesting
In order to accommodate the National Rainwater Policy (2006), the Urban Development Authority
(Amendment) Act No. 36 of 2007 requires the formulation of a scheme for rainwater harvesting to be
included in the Development Plan prepared in terms of Section 8A of the UDA Law No. 41 of 1978. These
by-laws on drainage are aimed at rainwater harvesting as a strategy for localized flood mitigation, in
both existing and future construction. Apart from satisfying the legal requirement, rainwater harvesting
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will be beneficial for the proposed project by alleviating the severity of flooding. Therefore, it is
recommended to suggest a suitable system for rainwater harvesting for the proposed project.
2.5 Designs for lightning
When the surrounding area is observed, it is evident that 132 kV and 33 kV transmission lines passes
close to two boundaries of the proposed land. This scenario intensifies the risk of lightning especially
because of the fact that the proposed building would be the tallest structure once it is built. Hence,
installation of lightning arrestors is highly recommended and the drawings should be provided to the
contractor to fix such devises prior to commissioning of the building.
2.6 Cabling for different uses in the building
Electrical, telecommunication and networking cables are not provided in the form of drawings.
However, cabling along the ground without water proofing is not recommended as the frontal portion of
the land could be flooded during the rainy season. Hence, while designing the cabling for different
services extreme care must be observed so as to protect them from water during the rainy season.
2.7 Disturbances to IT facilities
The nearby high voltage line would generate electromagnetic fields in the vicinity causing some
disturbances to proper functioning of IT-related facilities. This scenario has been confirmed by the CEB,
though not yet proven. However, at design stage, it is recommended that such interferences be checked
with a competent authority and accordingly to provide the facilities for the proposed building.
2.8 Entrance road to the proposed site
The road stretch for about 50 m in the front of the proposed land seems to be too narrow for two
vehicles to cross each other. Even though the reservations of land for roads have been provided for at
both sides, they are not being utilized fully at the moment. However, with the increase in vehicular
traffic, the present condition of the access road will create traffic congestion, which will negatively affect
the nearby residents who are using the road. Therefore, widening the road to be undertaken by the
Kaduwela UC is recommended. Even raising of the level to protect the access road from flooding is
important and the planners should seek the possibilities of both widening the road and raising the levels
before finalizing the drawing and well before commencement of construction work.
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Chapter 3
Task 2: Potential Impacts of the Project
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3.1 Impacts during the Construction stage
(i) Generation and disposal of construction waste
The generation of construction waste is inevitable; however, best practices applicable to building
construction should be followed to minimize generation of waste. It will be beneficial for the contractor
to minimize waste which will lead to reduction of waste disposal volumes and costs. Possibilities of
recycling of waste material should be explored wherever possible and the remaining amounts should be
used as fill material or disposed in a landfill.
Construction of the proposed buildings and related facilities would not generate hazardous or toxic
waste and therefore do not create any potential hazard to human health due to contamination. If
accidental spills do occur during construction of materials such as paints, solvents, bituminous material
or any other hazardous or toxic constituents, the contractor should take appropriate measures to clean
up such spills immediately and waste material should be disposed appropriately such as in a secure
landfill. The contractor should take precautionary measures to minimize and control spoilage of material
during storage and handling and during construction processes. There should be provisions for proper
storage of construction materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to
elements.
(ii) Extraction of groundwater for construction
Water for construction work can be obtained from NSW&DB connection. Therefore, extraction of
groundwater during construction is not needed.
(iii) Noise and Air Pollution
Noise is generally described as unwanted sound. Existing ambient noise levels in the area are consistent
with residential and light industrial businesses. There is al so traffic noise from the roads in the nearby
areas, especially Chandrika Bandaranayake Mawatha. Noise levels within and adjacent to the project
area would increase during the proposed construction activities mostly as a result of operation of
construction equipment.
The proposed construction site would temporarily increase noise levels. However, the generated noise is
expected to be similar to construction noise from residential development found along the area of the
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proposed site. The noise levels generated would be limited to workday daylight hours for the duration of
the work and would be short-term and minor. High noise generating equipment should be discouraged,
especially vibrating machines and earth compactors. This is especially applicable to this particular site as
filling of part of the site is necessary.
Construction of the Leadership and Quality Development Center (LQDC) at Malabe would involve
pollutant emissions from construction equipment which could result in minor effects to air quality in the
area immediately surrounding the construction activity. Fugitive dust particles could escape into the
atmosphere during construction activities and during transportation and subsequent storage and
handling. The access road to the site has not been tarred for about 500 m and transportation of material
along this gravel road could lead to produce excessive quantities of dust. However, the effects would be
localized and of short duration. As the area is residential and highly populated, air-borne dust can lead
to social protests.
The contactor would be required to keep all equipment in good order to minimize air pollution and
noise generation. Construction materials could be covered so as not to subject to erosion, especially fill
material such as gravel and earth. Material transport vehicles while transporting materials should be
covered so as not to cause any air-borne dust in the residential areas. Since gravel and unpaved roads
create air-borne dust, frequent watering in the residential areas is of utmost importance.
(iv) Land Reclamation
No land reclamation is involved other than filling of part of the land to raise the finished levels to be
above flood levels. It has to be ensured that the fill material is free from any invasive floral species
and/or hazardous materials.
(v) Removal of Vegetation and related impacts on Flora and Fauna
Flora of the Project Area
A total of 90 plant species including 3 endemic species were recorded during the field survey within the
study area (Table 1). Further more than 33 % of the plant species recorded at the study site are exotic
species which indicates that the area is highly disturbed due to human influence. All recorded flora
species are not unique or restricted to the project area. Annex 2 includes all the plant species recorded
in the project area during the study with necessary information.
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Table 1: Summary of the Plant Species Recorded During the Study
No of Species Endemic Species Nationally Threatened Exotic Species
90 3 (3%) 0 30 (33%)
Fauna of the Project Area
The fauna comprise mainly of common species that are found associated with man modified
habitat. A total number of 53 faunal species (30 Birds, 11 Butterflies, 2 Dragonflies, 6 Reptiles, 1
Amphibian and 3 Mammals) including one endemic and nationally threate ned species were
recorded from the proposed project area (Table 2). All recorded fauna species are not unique or
restricted to the project area. Animal species recorded during the field study are listed in Annex 1.
Table 2: Summary of the Faunal Species Recorded During the Study
Taxonomic
Group
Total
Number
Endemic
Species
Nationally
Threatened
Exotic
Species
Birds 30 0 0 0
Butterflies 11 0 0 0
Dragonflies 2 0 0 0
Reptiles 6 0 0 0
Mammals 3 1 VU - 1 0
Amphibians 1 0 0 0
Total 53 1 1 0
VU –Vulnerable
Birds species such as Pycnonotus cafer (Red-Vented Bulbul), Acridotheres tristis (Common Myna),
Pycnonotus luteolus (White-Browed Bulbul), Nectarina zeylonica (Purple-Rumped Sunbird), Dicaeum
erythrorhynchos (Pale-Billed Flowerpecker), Streptopelia chinensis (Spotted Dove), Turdoides affinis
(Yellow-Billed Babbler) and butterfly species such as Euploea core (Common crow), Eurema hecabe
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(Common grass yellow), Neptis hylas (Common sailor), Papilio polytes (Common mormon), Ypthima
ceylonica (White four-ring), Leptosia nina (Psyche) can be commonly seen in the proposed project land.
Calotes calotes (Green garden lizard) and Funambulus palmarum (Palm Squirrel) are also common on
the trees in proposed project land. Trachypithecus vetulus (Purple-faced leaf monkey), which is an
endemic and vulnerable mammal species frequently visit to the land for feeding.
Threatened and Endemic Fauna and Flora
About 3 % of the recorded flora species (3 plant species) in the project area during the study are
endemic to the country. No nationally threatened plant species were recorded during the study (Table
3). All recorded endemic flora species are not unique or restricted to the project area.
Out of 53 faunal species recorded in the study area during the study one mammal species (Purple-faced
leaf monkey) is endemic to the country and listed as nationally Vulnerable (VU) in national red data
book. All recorded endemic and nationally threatened fauna species are not unique or restricted to the
project area.
Therefore, cl earing of the vegetation in the proposed site will not significantly affect their habitats or
their vulnerability and the impacts on both flora and fauna can be considered as minor.
Table 3: Recorded Endemic Plant Species
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Habit Status
Araceae Lagenandra sp. Ketala H E
Euphorbiaceae Aporusa lanceolata Heen Kebella T E
Melastomataceae Memecylon capitellatum T E
ABBRIVATIONS: T – Tree, H – Herbaceous, E – Endemic
Status of Alien Invasive Species
Alien invasive plant species like Lantana camara (Lantana), Eupatorium odoratum (Podisinnamaran),
Panicum maximum (Guinea Grass) can be seen in the edges and open area of the sparse forest in the
21 | P a g e
proposed land. The present situation is not serious and any harmful effect from invasive species to the
natural vegetation cannot be seen.
Status of Trees that are affected by proposed intervention
No large trees were observed in the proposed land. All the trees present in the land have below 15 cm
DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and are below 10 m height, which means they have no economic value.
Trees found in the land are pioneers and can be observed on all disturbed or abandoned sites in low
country wet zone. Therefore, there is no need to get permission for felling such trees.
(vi) Disturbance to soil/slope stability
The disturbance to soil/slope stability is negligible and has no impact due to the proposed
project.
(vii) Risk of Land Slides
Considering the location of the site, it can be stated that there is no risk of landslides.
(viii) Disturbance to Hydrology and Water Quality
Natural drainage patterns through the land area will be disturbed due to filling and subsequent
construction of boundary walls around the site. Provision of proper drainage canals around the
site is necessary to facilitate proper drainage, and culverts have to be constructed across the
road to drain the water into the low-lying area. Construction of the proposed facility would not
significantly affect the hydrology or the water quality of the nearby low-lying water logged
areas to which the surface runoff from the proposed land drains.
Disturbance to the soil, cutting & filling, and storage of construction material within the site
could potentially contaminate the surface runoff, notably increasing the turbidity during
construction. Erosion control practices should be implemented during construction to limit
turbidity and silt transport off site. Safe handling of construction material would minimize the
potential contamination of surface runoff and thereby prevent affecting the quality of the
22 | P a g e
water bodies nearby. Given the measures outlined above, no significant short or long term
impacts to hydrology and water quality would be anticipated.
(ix) Operation of Borrow Sites
Fill material for increasing the ground height is needed for the proposed construction project. It is
expected that the contractor procures material from GSMB approved sites which have already obtained
appropriate licenses. Borrow sites should be properly managed so that material will not be eroded due
to surface runoff. Slopes and embankments should be turfed or protected from erosion by other means
after cutting, to prevent wash away of soil. Similarly, any earth heaps should be covered so that material
will not be washed away causing contamination of nearby water courses. Dust control measures such as
spraying water at the source of dust dispersion, wheel washes for vehicles etc. are necessary to
minimize the generation of dust.
(x) Possible effects due to Proposed Technique of Sewage Disposal and Operation of Labour
Camps
It is expected that due to the magnitude of the construction project, a labour force of about 30 persons
will stay within the premises in a labour camp. On-site sewage disposal using protected pit latrines is
possible without causing negative environmental impacts. Contamination of groundwater is not an issue
as there are no shallow wells located nearby and the land is sloping towards the frontal boundary
beyond which there is a paddy field. Proper sanitary conditions should be maintained within the labour
camps together with proposer disposal of kitchen waste.
The labour camps located within the construction site should not disturb the serenity of the residential
neighborhood, which is important to maintain harmony so as not to create negative social impacts.
(xi) Traffic
Construction of the LQDC would affect the traffic in the immediate area during construction. This
increase in traffic would be short term and temporary. Although the normal traffic along the frontal
road is light, site vehicles should not be parked along the roadside or outside the site area. Construction
vehicles and equipment should be parked within the site during construction and appropriate signage
should be posted on affected roadways. The access gate to the construction site has to be provided with
23 | P a g e
an appropriately sized bay, so that turning of vehicles would not cause obstruction to other vehicular
traffic along the access road.
(x) Flooding
Flooding of the site and the access road during the rainy season can be expected. Provision of Rainwater
Harvesting system as indicated in Section 2.4 of this report will improve the situation with respect to
flooding to some extent. The flood waters has to be collected in an adequately sized retention pond
within the site are a and diverted and/or pumped to the nearby low-lying area through the drainage
canals and the culvert as proposed above, once the flood waters have receded. Inundation of the road
can be lessened by facilitating proper drainage along the canals that drains out the flood waters away
from the area. Occasional pumping of the flood water may be necessary.
3.2 Impacts during the Operational stage
(i) Generation and disposal of waste
(a) Solid Waste from Classrooms and Canteens
Classroom and office waste which is predominantly paper can be recycled, if properly separated
and subsequently disposed at source. Appropriate bins should be fixed for this purpose. Food and
kitchen waste generated at canteens or elsewhere should be collected using proper bins, emptied
at a central collecting bin and allow the local authority (Kaduwela UC) to remove the waste from
the site.
(b) Toxic Wastes from Laboratories
The proposed Leadership and Quality Development Center (LQDC) aims to facilitate leadership and
quality development initiatives of SLIATE, and therefore the nature of activities undertaken by
laboratories would not generate any toxic waste.
(c) Disposal of wastewater
The daytime population is expected to be less than 100 persons. The sewage will mainly consist of
urine and wash water and lesser amounts of fecal matter with compared to typical sewage
generated at households.
24 | P a g e
Disposal of sewage by way of employing a septic tank-seepage trench system is recommended. The
location of the septic tank and the soakage pit at the rear boundary is appropriate to avoid flooding
of the seepage trench and contamination of groundwater sources is not expected to occur as there
are no shallow wells located nearby and the land is sloping towards the frontal boundary beyond
which there is a paddy field.
Wastewater ge nerated at the canteen and kitchen should be diverted to a separate soakage pit.
However, grease traps should be installed to remove grease and oil form the wastewater.
(ii) Impacts of high tension electricity lines
There is a 132 kV high tension electricity line passing close to the proposed land (see plates 7 and 8).
There are two potential implications of this: (i) possible effects on computer networks and wireless
operations, (ii) likely impacts on the general health and safety of the workers and safety of equipment.
The low-frequency electromagnetic fields created by the high tension wires will not affect the
communication potential and network operations.
Plate 7. The frontal view of the proposed land from the paddy field. The 132 kV high tension electricity line passes close to one of the boundaries (5th Lane) of the proposed land.
25 | P a g e
Plate 8. The 132 kV high tension electricity line which passes along 5th Lane, which borders the proposed land. The banana plantation is visible near the pylon.
Electric power transmission lines create electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The strengths of both electric
and magnetic fields decrease with distance from transmission lines. The scientific community has not
reached consensus on specific biological responses to EMF, but the evidence suggests that health
hazards may exist. There are no proven health risks that have been conclusively demonstrated to be
caused by living near high-voltage power lines. But current research is unable to prove a negative,
including whether low-level electromagnetic fields are completely risk free. Most scientists believe that
exposure to the low-level electromagnetic fields near power lines is safe, but some scientists continue
research to look for possible health risks associated with these fields. If there are any risks such as
cancer associated with living near power lines, then it is clear that those risks are small (Health Physics
Society, 2009).
In California, there is a "set back" distance on transmission lines from private property of 150 feet. The
proposed site is about 200 ft away from the transmission line, and can be considered safe.
26 | P a g e
(iii) Protection from lightning risks
Hazards due to lightning should be mitigated. Lightning can create dangerous voltage gradients in the
earth and can charge extended metal objects such as telephone cables and fences. Very high voltage can
cause the electrical breakdown of insulators, causing them to act as conductors. These transferred
potentials are dangerous to people and electronic apparatus. Measures to control lightning can mitigate
the hazard; these include lightning rods, shielding wires, and bonding of electrical and structural parts of
buildings to form a continuous enclosure.
(iv) Traffic
Traffic in the immediate area would be slightly affected during the operational phase. New traffic
generation is expected due to staff, students and visitors using their private vehicles, other vehicles
which deliver goods and services to the Leadership and Quality Development Center (LQDC). Although
the normal traffic along the frontal road is light, these additional vehicles would require road widening
and proper maintenance of the road. The gravel road has to be raised above flood levels and also may
need tarring and its related construction impacts should be appropriately mitigated. Vehicles should not
be parked along the roadside or outside the site area. Sufficient parking space should be provided with
the access gate provided with an appropriately sized bay, so that turning of vehicles would not cause
obstruction to other vehicular traffic along the access road.
(v) Flooding
Flooding during the operational phase has to be given serious consideration. The access road has to be
raised above the flood levels. Flooding within the site premises will not be problem as long as the
drainage from the site is not obstructed.
27 | P a g e
Chapter 4
Task 3: Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Plan
28 | P a g e
4.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
The purpose of this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to manage the anticipated on and offsite
environmental impacts due to the construction of proposed LQDC. The following issues and their
mitigation measures were identified and presented in the EMP.
This section summarizes the mitigation measures to be implemented for the environmental impacts
anticipated predominantly during the construction phase and operation phase.
The interventions, likely impacts and their mitigation measures are described below (Table 4). The
proposed measures are feasible and cost-effective which will prevent or reduce significant negative
impacts and enhance the environmental sustainability of the buildings.
Also Table 4 provides cost estimates for the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, where appropriate.
Table 4: Mitigation measures proposed for the anticipated environmental impacts
Environmental issue Mitigation measures Approximate cost for
mitigation
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Generation and disposal
of construction waste
• Remove top soil and vegetation from
the site premises before
commencement of construction
work
• Follow best practices to minimize
generation of waste and thereby
reduce volume of waste
• Explore the possibilities of waste
recycling
Top soil clearing and removal
of vegetation:
Rs. 700-1,000/tractor load ×
500 loads (max.)
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• Take precautionary measures to
minimize accidental spills of toxic
material and reduce amounts of
waste during storage and handling
• Use inert material for landfills and
any or hazardous waste such as
paints, solvents etc be reused.
Extraction of groundwater
for construction
No impacts
Noise and Air pollution • Vehicles while transporting materials
should be covered so as not to cause
any air borne dust in the critical
areas.
• Watering will be necessary for any
activity that causes generation of
dust particles within the proposed
site
• No high noise generating machinery
is encouraged. Extreme precautions
should be taken on compacting or
vibrating machines which will be
operated only during day-light hours.
Watering: Rs. 2,000/bowser ×
1 bowser/day during filling of
the site
Land reclamation Same as for impacts described under air
pollution which leads to emission of
dust particles
Same as above
Removal of vegetation No significant impact
Disturbance to soil/slope
stability
No impact
Risk of land slides No impact
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Disturbance to hydrology
and water quality
• Construction of drainage canals in
and out of the proposed site together
with a culvert; construction of a
dedicated pond within the site
• Avoid rainy season as much as
possible. If any case rainy period is
unavoidable, make sure to have
temporary drainage so as to drain off
the rain water.
• Proper storage of material and
handling of construction material
Construction of canals and
culverts across the road: Rs.
200,000 – 1,000,000
Operation of burrow sites • Fill material requirement can be
mostly satisfied using the cut material
within the site
• If additional amounts of fill material is
needed, then it should be procured
from burrow pits which have secured
proper licenses from Geological
Survey & Mines Bureau (GSMB)
Possible effects due to
Proposed Technique of
Sewage Disposal and
Operation of Labour
Camps
• On-site sewage disposal using
protected pit latrines without causing
negative environmental impacts.
• All solid waste generated at the
labour camp should be collected in
closed bins until they are handed
over to the local authority (Kaduwela
UC).
Construction of Pit latrines:
Rs. 20,000
Flooding of the site and
the access road
• Diverting the flood water within the
site to a temporary pond and
pumping over to the low-lying area
• Pumping is necessary to lower the
• Pumping: Rs. 1,000/hour
31 | P a g e
flood water levels of the access road
Traffic • Site vehicles should not be parked
along the roadside or outside the site
area.
• Construction vehicles and equipment
would be parked within the site
during construction and appropriate
signage would be posted on affected
roadways.
• The access gate to the construction
site has to be provided with an
appropriately sized bay, so that
turning of vehicles would not cause
obstruction to other vehicular traffic
along the access road.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Generation and disposal of waste
• Solid Waste from
Classrooms and
Canteens
Proper separation of waste matter at
source and recycling of waste as much
as possible. Food and kitchen waste
generated at canteens or elsewhere
should be collected using proper bins,
emptied at a central collecting bin and
allow the local authority (Kaduwela UC)
to remove the waste from the site.
• Toxic Wastes from
Laboratories
Minor or no impact
• Disposal of wastewater Disposal of wastewater using septic Construction of seepage trench
32 | P a g e
tank-seepage trench system.
Regular emptying of the septic tank as
and when required.
Provision of a soakage pit for kitchen
and canteen wastewater (after grease
and oil removal)
system: Rs. 200,000
Emptying of the septic tank:
Rs. 5,000-10,000/gulley bowser
Impacts of high tension
electricity lines
No mitigation is necessary
Protection from lightning
risks
Installation of lighting protectors Rs. 500,000 – 1,000,000
Traffic Similar to impacts due to traffic during
construction phase
Flooding Widening of the access road within 50 m
and raising the road level above the
flood levels
Retention and Pumping of water to the
nearby low-lying area through drainage
canals
Pumping using a pump house:
Rs. 500,000 – 1,000,000
33 | P a g e
4.2 Environmental compliance and monitoring
Environmental monitoring is required in order to make sure that the anticipated adverse impacts are kept minimal with the implementation of mitigation measures as and when required. The monitoring objectives are therefore focused on the mitigation of likely impacts. In addition, compliance with the existing regulations and legislation is also guaranteed. Table 5 enumerates the summary of monitoring required for the entire project, where only dust levels and flooding of the site (during construction) and the flooding of the access road (both during construction and operational phases) are significant environmental impacts.
Table 5: Summary of monitoring requirement
Specific environmental issue
Monitoring Parameter
Monitoring Frequency
Total Time Period Months
Responsible person for implementation
Responsible Key Persons for supervision
Elevated dust levels in the air
Levels of dust on surfaces
During construction phase, especially during earth work
During construction phase
Contractor’s site engineer
Consultant
Flooding of the site
Actual flood levels during the rainy season
Continuous monitoring during rainy season
Construction phase
Contractor’s site engineer
Consultant
Flooding of the access road
Actual flood levels during the rainy season
Continuous monitoring during rainy season
Construction phase
And operational phase
Contractor’s site engineer
Consultant
4.3 Cost estimate on Environmental Management Plan
This has been included in Table 4.
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4.4 Recommendations
It appears that there are no significant adverse impacts due to the proposed construction of the new
Quality Development and Leadership Centre. However, there may be a few mild impacts during the
course of construction period such as emission of dust particles and flooding of the site premises.
Flooding of the access road is one of the impacts that needs attention and has to be mitigated as
proposed. These impacts should be monitored as planned with the implementation of proposed
mitigation measures so as to minimize actual impacts.
It is therefore recommended that the proposed project be implemented with the proposed mitigation
measures together with the monitoring plan.
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References:
Bedjanic, M., Conniff, K. and G.de S. Wejeyratne (2007) Gehan’s photo guide; Dragonflies of Sri Lanka.
Jetwing Eco Holidays.
D’ Abrera, B. (1998). The Butterflies of Ceylon. Wildlife Heritage Trust, Colombo.
Das, I. and De Silva, A. (2005). Photographic guide to the Snakes and other Reptiles of Sri Lanka. New
Holland Publishers.
Dassanayake, M. D. and Fosberg, F. R. (eds.) (1980). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vol. I,
Amerind Publishing, New Delhi; Dassanayake, M. D. and Fosberg, F. R. (eds.) (1981 - 1991). A
Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vols. II - VII, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi;
Dassanayake, M. D., Fosberg, F. R. and Clayton, W. D. (eds.) (1994 - 1995). A Revised Handbook to
the Flora of Ceylon, Vols. VIII - IX, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi; Dassanayake, M. D. and
Clayton, W. D. (eds.) (1996 - 2000). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vols. X – XIV, Oxford
& IBH Publishing, New Delhi; Dassanayake, M. D., Clayton, W. D. and Shaffer-Fehre, M. (eds.) (2006).
A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vols. XV Part A & Part B, Science Publishers, USA.
Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. (2007) Freshwater Fishers of Sri Lanka (text in Sinhala). Biodiversity
Secretariat, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka.
Harrison, J. and Worfolk, T. (1999). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka, Oxford University
Press Inc, New York, USA.
Health Physics Society (2009). Radiation Exposure: Questions and Answers. On-line document available
at http://www.radiationanswers.org/radiation-questions-answers/radiation-exposure.html,
accesses on 5th December, 2009.
IUCN Sri Lanka and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (2007). The 2007 Red List of
Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Kotagama, S. (2004). Mammals in Sri Lanka. Pictorial Pocket Guide – 3. Field Ornithology Group of Sri
Lanka. Colombo.
Manamendra-Arachchi, K. and Pethiyagoda, R. (2006). Amphibians of Sri Lanka. (text in Sinhala). Wildlife
Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka.
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Perera W.P.N. and Bambaradeniya C.N.B. (2006). Status of Butterfly Fauna of Sri Lanka. In The fauna of
Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, research and conservation. Ed. Bambaradeniya C.N.B. IUCN Sri
Lanka.
Phillips, W.W.A. (1935). Manual of the Mammals of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, Dulau and
Company, London.
Senaratna, L. K. (2001) A Check List of the Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka, National Science Foundation, Sri
Lanka.
Somaweera R. (2007). Reptiles of Sri Lanka. (text in Sinhala). Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka
Weerakoon, D. K. and de A. Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. (2006). Taxonomic Status of the Mammals of Sri
Lanka. In The fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, research and conservation. Ed Bambaradeniya
C.N.B. IUCN Sri Lanka
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Annexures
38 | P a g e
Annex 1: Fauna Species Recorded
ABBRIVATIONS : N – Native, VU – Vulnerable, * - Indirect Observation, ** - Personnel Communication
Birds
Family Species Local Name Status
Accipitridae Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite N
Accipitridae Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent Eagle N
Alcedinidae Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher N
Ardeidae Ardeola grayii Pond Heron N
Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret N
Ardeidae Casmerodius albus Great Egret N
Ardeidae Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret N
Centropodidae Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal N
Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing N
Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove N
Corvidae Corvus splendens House Crow N
Corvidae Dicrurus caerulescens White-bellied Drongo N
Corvidae Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole N
Cuculidae Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel N
Magalaimidae Megalaima zeylanica Brown-headed Barbet N
Meropidae Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater N
Meropidae Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee-eater N
Muscicapidae Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin N
Nectariniidae Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Pale-billed Flowerpecker N
Nectariniidae Nectarina lotenia Loten’s Sunbird N
39 | P a g e
Nectariniidae Nectarina zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird N
Passeridae Anthus rufulus Paddyfield Pipit N
Passeridae Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia N
Psittacidae Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet N
Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul N
Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus luteolus White-browed Bulbul N
Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen N
Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Common Myna N
Sylviidae Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird N
Sylviidae Turdoides affinis Yellow-billed Babbler N
Butterflies
Family Species Local Name Status
Nymphalidae Euploea core Common crow N
Nymphalidae Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow N
Nymphalidae Junonia atlites Grey pansy N
Nymphalidae Junonia iphita Chocolate soldier N
Nymphalidae Neptis hylas Common sailor N
Nymphalidae Ypthima ceylonica White four-ring N
Papilionidae Papilio polytes Common mormon N
Pieridae Appias albina Common albatross N
Pieridae Catopsilia pomona Lemon emigrant N
Pieridae Delias eucharis Jezebel N
Pieridae Leptosia nina Psyche N
40 | P a g e
Dragonflies
Family Species Local Name Status
Libellulidae Neurothemis tullia Pied Parasol N
Libellulidae Orthetrum sabina Green Skimmer N
Reptiles
Family Species Local Name Status
Agamidae Calotes calotes Green garden lizard N
Agamidae Calotes versiclor Common Garden Lizard N
Colubridae Ptyas mucosa Rat snake** N
Elapidae Naja naja Indian cobra** N
Scincidae Mabuya carinata Common skink N
Varanidae Varanus salvator Water monitor N
Mammals
Family Species Local Name Status
Cercopithecidae Trachypithecus vetulus Purple-faced leaf monkey* E / VU
Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus Flying fox N
Sciuridae Funambulus palmarum Palm Squirrel N
Amphibians
Family Species Local Name Status
Ranidae Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog N
41 | P a g e
Annex 2: Flora Species Recorded
ABBRIVATIONS
HA – Habit, T – Tree, S – Shrub, H – Herbaceous, C – Climber or Creeper, ST – Status, E – Endemic, N – Native, I – Introduced, SF – Sparse Forest, WA –
Waterlogged Area, OA – Open Area, PA – Paddy and Associated Vegetations, HG – Home Gardens, BR – Banana Cultivated Lands & Rubber Lands
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Local Name/English HA ST
In Side Out Side
SF WA OA PA HG BR
Acanthaceae Dipteracanthus prostratus Nil Puruk H N + +
Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis Mukunu Wenna H N +
Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica Hik T N +
Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba Mango T I +
Annonaceae Annona glabra Wel Atha T I +
Annonaceae Annona muricata Katu Anoda Soursop T I +
Apiaceae Centella asiatica Gotukola H N +
Apocynaceae Alstonia macrophylla Havari Nuga T I +
Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana T N +
Apocynaceae Cerbera odollam Gon Kaduru T N +
Apocynaceae Ichnocarpus frutescens Garadi Wel C N +
42 | P a g e
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Local Name/English HA ST
In Side Out Side
SF WA OA PA HG BR
Apocynaceae Pagiantha dichotoma Divi Kaduru T N +
Araceae Alocasia macrorrhizos Habarala H I +
Araceae Colocasia esculenta Gahala H N + +
Araceae Lagenandra sp. Ketala H E
Araceae Lasia spinosa Kohila H N +
Arecaceae Areca catechu Puwak Areca Nut T N + +
Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Pol Coconut T N +
Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Kikirindiya H N +
Asteraceae Eupatorium odoratum Podisinnamaran S I + + +
Asteraceae Mikania cordata Wathu Palu C N + + + + +
Asteraceae Synedrella nodiflora H I + +
Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Monara Kudumbiya H N + +
Asteraceae Wedelia trilobata H I + + + + +
Capparaceae Cleome rutidosperma H I + +
Caricaceae Carica papaya Gas Labu Papaya T I +
Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum Domba T N +
43 | P a g e
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Local Name/English HA ST
In Side Out Side
SF WA OA PA HG BR
Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Kottan T I + +
Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Gira Pala H N + + + + +
Convolvulaceae Merremia umbellata Kiri Madu C N + + +
Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. H N +
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis spp. H N +
Cyperaceae Rhynchospora corymbosa H N +
Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus grossus H N +
Euphorbiaceae Antidesma ghaesembilla Bu Embilla T N +
Euphorbiaceae Aporusa lanceolata Heen Kebella T E +
Euphorbiaceae Breynia vitis-idaea Gas Kaila S N + +
Euphorbiaceae Croton hirtus Val Tippili H I + +
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla H I + + +
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta Budadakiriya H N + +
Euphorbiaceae Glochidion zeylanicum Hunu Kirilla T N + +
Euphorbiaceae Hevea brasiliensis Rubber T I +
Euphorbiaceae Macaranga peltata Kenda T N + + +
44 | P a g e
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Local Name/English HA ST
In Side Out Side
SF WA OA PA HG BR
Euphorbiaceae Mallotus sp. T N +
Euphorbiaceae Mallotus tetracoccus Bu Kenda T N +
Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus reticulatus Kaila S N +
Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Beheth Endaru S I +
Fabaceae Cassia occidentalis Ath Tora S N + +
Fabaceae Centrosema pubescens C I + + +
Fabaceae Crotalaria sp. H N +
Fabaceae Desmodium heterocarpon Et Undupiyaliya H N + + +
Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum Undupiyaliya H N + +
Fabaceae Gliricidia sepium Weta Mara T I +
Fabaceae Mimosa invisa C I +
Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Nidikumba H I + +
Lamiaceae Hyptis capitata H I + +
Lauraceae Cinnamomum verum Kurundu T N +
Lauraceae Litsea glutinosa Boo Mi T N +
Lauraceae Persea americana Ali Pera T I +
45 | P a g e
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Local Name/English HA ST
In Side Out Side
SF WA OA PA HG BR
Leeaceae Leea indica Gurulla T N +
Malvaceae Hibiscus furcatus Napiritta C N +
Malvaceae Urena lobata Patta Epala H N + +
Malvaceae Urena sinuata Heen Epala H N +
Melastomataceae Melastoma malabathricum Maha Bowitiya S N + +
Melastomataceae Memecylon capitellatum T E +
Meliaceae Melia azedarach Lunu Midella T N +
Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca Kesel Banana T I + +
Myrtaceae Syzygium caryophyllatum Dan T N + +
Myrtaceae Syzygium samarangense Jambo T I +
Onagraceae Ludwigia decurrens H I +
Oxalidaceae Oxalis barrelieri H I + +
Pandanaceae Pandanus kaida Wetake S N +
Poaceae Axonopus compressus Potu Tana H I +
Poaceae Oryza stiva Wi Paddy H N +
Poaceae Panicum maximum Rata Tana Guinea Grass H I + +
46 | P a g e
Family Species Local Name/Sinhala Local Name/English HA ST
In Side Out Side
SF WA OA PA HG BR
Polygonaceae Polygonum tomentosum Sudu Kimbul Wenna H N +
Rhamnaceae Ziziphus oenoplia Heen Eraminiya C N +
Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata Dawata T N +
Rubiaceae Spermacoce assurgens H I +
Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta Salvinia H I +
Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum Penela Wel C N +
Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya T N +
Schizaeaceae Lygodium microphyllum C N + +
Solanaceae Physalis micrantha Heen Mottu H N +
Symplocaceae Symplocos cochinchinensis Bobu T N +
Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus interruptus H N + +
Tiliaceae Microcos paniculata Kirilla T N +
Ulmaceae Trema orientalis Gadumba T N +
Verbenaceae Clerodendrum infortunatum Sudu Pinna S N + +
Verbenaceae Lantana camara Gandapana Lantana S I +
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Annex 3 - Terms of Reference for preparing EMPs for the three ATIs and LQDC funded by HEDP
1. Introduction
Recognizing the vital importance of the higher education sector for Sri Lanka’s economic future GOSL and the World Bank have agreed, as part of the Bank’s Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) FY09-FY12, to provide assistance to the higher education sector through a new IDA funded Higher Education operation that will succeed the current IRQUE. The Bank is the only large development partner in the higher education sector in Sri Lanka, and hence this operation is of great importance to the sector.
The HETC is organized into four components. The first component will support national level developments in the higher education sector. The second components would assist the development of universities, with a special emphasis on improving the quality of programs and the employability of graduates. The third component will support the development of the alternative higher education sector, which provides employment-oriented programs in areas of importance for the economy. The fourth component focuses on human resource development, as well as monitoring and evaluation, studies and communication.
Of the four sub-components that make up the Higher Education for the Twenty First Century project, it is largely in sub-component 3, which is aimed at strengthening advanced technological education, that the application of environmental safeguards will become relevant. Rest of the activities of the HEDP is largely environmentally benign.
2. New Constructions under Component 3 of HETC
The HETC will support the construction of buildings and basic infrastructure for three new ATIs in underserved areas in the Northern Province, the estate sector and the far South-Eastern Region. These will serve as models for the next generation of ATIs, with close linkages to the work place, both in terms of integrating students’ work placement assignments into the curriculum, and the participation of employers in the management and teaching of programs. The HETC will also assist SLIATE to establish a new Leadership and Quality Development Center (LQDC) to facilitate leadership and quality development initiatives by SLIATE.
A brief description of the selected sites for the proposed buildings is given below:
• ATI for Northern Province - A suitable land has been selected in Vavuniya between the Omanthai and Thandikulam railway stations with access from the main A9 road. The proposed land is a flat land and about 5 acres in extent. Conceptual architectural designs are available with the project.
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• ATI for Estate Sector – Site selected is in Rathnapura in the new town. The land is 1 acre in extent and located on top of a hillock. The proposed building is a 4-storey one with a capacity to hold 1000 day students. Conceptual architectural designs are available with the project.
• ATI in the Southern Province – Site selected is in Tangalle, approximately about 4 Km from the town centre. Conceptual architectural designs are available with the project.
• LQDC – The site identified for the new LQDC is close to the Malabe IT park and 60 perches in extent. Conceptual architectural designs are available with the project.
According to project documentation, cost per ATI will be approximately about LKR 65 million while the new Quality Development and Leadership Centre (LQDC) be in the tune of LKR 100 million.
3. Environmental Safeguards
Projects and Programmes financed with IDA resources need to comply with World Bank operational policies. Accordingly, the components and activities eligible for funding under this project will be required to satisfy the World Bank’s safeguard policies, in addition to conforming to environmental legislation of the Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL). As these new constructions will trigger certain environmental issues, environmental safeguards policy OP 4.01 on environmental assessments of the World Bank will be triggered. Since the environmental impacts of building construction, such as the ones proposed, are not expected to result in significant or irreversible changes, the project will be an environment category B and hence the preparation of site-specific EMPs for each site prior to commencement of construction activity would suffice to meet the requirements of OP 4.01.
The objective of this document is to provide the terms of reference for the preparation of the EMPs
Environmental impacts during the construction of these buildings will be largely related to land clearing and preparation, extraction of construction material such as sand, rubble and timber, extraction of groundwater, construction of the buildings, disposal of waste etc. In Ratnapura, special attention has to be paid to the risk of floods and land slides, especially as the selected site is on a hill-top. During the operation of the ATIs and the LQDC, environmental impacts would be mostly associated with management of solid and liquid wastes. Since the ATIs will be occupied by a large number of students during the day time, waste management should be given top priority in building maintenance. Courses offered at the new ATIs may include lab-based experiments which would result in the generation of toxic waste. If so, care must be taken not to wash down toxic chemicals down storm water drains and a special management plan will need to be prepared. The EMPs in addition to addressing the issues mentioned above, should also focus on energy and water conservation in the building design as mush as possible.
4. Scope of Work
The consultant will identify the most important environmental issues to be considered by the project and develop Environmental Management Plan for the three sites as specified below.
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Task 1 – Design Recommendations
Carefully study the conceptual architectural designs available with the project office for the 4 proposed buildings. It is important that the consultant has close discussions with the architects in properly understanding the design concepts for the buildings as well as its features and ground conditions in the proposed sites.
The consultant shall, in assessment of the proposed designs and site conditions, make recommendations to the project on the following.
• Management of drainage and storm water in the site • Sewage and waste water disposal options that will minimize the threat of groundwater
contamination • Water conservation options that will minimize pressure on groundwater, especially in residential
areas (Ex Malabe) • Energy conservation in the buildings • Any other
Task 2 – Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project:
Identify relevant potential impacts due to the proposed development in each site which should include the following. Based on the identified environmental issues, recommend specific mitigation measures.
• Construction stage – generation and disposal of construction waste, extraction of groundwater for construction, noise and air pollution, land reclamation, removal of vegetation, disturbance to soil/slope stability, risk of land slides, disturbance to hydrology, operation of burrow sites, possible effects due to proposed technique of sewage disposal, operation of labour camps and any other.
• Operation stage – Generation and disposal of (a) solid waste from class rooms and canteens (b) toxic wastes from laboratories (c) any other
Task 3 – Development of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
4.1 Develop EMPs for the 4 sites with recommendations (based on task 1 and 2 above) on feasible and cost-effective measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts and to enhance the environmental sustainability of the buildings.
4.2 Provide cost estimates for the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, where appropriate.
4.3 With the inputs from the Ministry of Higher Education and IDA identify the responsible party(ies) for the implementation and monitoring of the proposed measures
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4.4 Prepare a detailed monitoring plan to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures and the impacts of the project during construction and operations
5. Deliverable and Time Schedule The consultant shall deliver EMPs for each proposed site. The EMPs should be specific, concise, limited to significant environmental issues and focused on the tasks described in Section 4.
The duration of the assignment will be 5 weeks.
6. Qualifications
The consultant should be an Environmental Engineer who is adequately qualified with prior experience in developing the required deliverable satisfactorily. Prior experience in developing EAs and EMPs for IDA funded projects will be beneficial.
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Annex 4 - Proposed Plan of the premises
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