MYIIIEBHASI TOHOFPM1)1451

H HETEPBYPFCKME PAPIOHbI ROCTOEBCK0F0

Huna Kay.Vilittle3U.414

Il y des idées qui révent. Certaines théories, qu'on a

pu croire scientifiques, soni de vastes réveries, des réveries sans limites (G. Bachelard)

Ha moina» Eib16e*an cuo6ofieH / Gran KOJIOHHaRbl nonyKpyr,- /

14 pacnnacTancsi xpam FocnojteHb, KaK nerimit Kpecumbiri-nayK. /

14 xpama manemawe 'reso / OfiyineuneHHee c .roKpar /

nwara, wro cKanoic / K 3emne, 6ecnomon(Hbiii,

(Ocun Mamienbunam)

HTBK, 6e3 flp0BORHIIKa npuxoymrcH HCKaTb nyril B 3'l'OM

na6Hpnare, cmarbmaa HHT13 ApHagHbl - C Kny6Ka CO6-

CTBeHH011 >KH3HH H crpacTH (GrecpaH Ibefir)

B 1969 r. Haynasi HO3TI4Ky TypreHeBa, H HexoRisHa H3 y6esi<HeHHH,IITO THopnecicsdi aKT HC cnytiailHocTB, a pe3yJILTaT 14306pa3IITCJILHOII HHTy1111HH 14

JIHiIHbIX HCKaHHh, Tpe6yrouivix HOCT054111I0 110BM-D BbipaaHTenbHoro maTe-pHana. 1 Ho TerpaTisim MOCTOCBCK0r0 BbISICH5leTCH, TITO H OH IIICJI HO H0,1106H0-

1 Haflp. H3BCCTHO, 4TO TypreHeu, coaiiariam ripeguapwrenbrio KOHCEleKT, ubi6iman nwmble HmeHa CBOHX coaitauaembix nepconaaceil 13 HOBOM paccKa3e. Bo spemz TB0p9e-

CK0r0 ripcniecca OH 11131TalICS1 A0110.71HHTb ultyrpeHHeil Bblpa3wrenbHoeTbro o6puccmaH-Hbill nepuimagamamill ma6noH. A HHorga ero KOHCFICKT131 coitep*anvi HeCKOnbK0

unpuxou 6yayamx nepcoHa)Ka. 3TOT npenriapwrenbHbM marepuan coaiiae'r OCHOBHOrl

Happarummni ctiOH Houoro paccKa3a. HHOF)1a, KOHC 31H0, 6b1Ban14 14 Kpyritade urcTyrine-

H1151, 01114 J1HWb noirruepnialoT, wro TeormecTuo npeiicraananocb emy KaK 1111 3 1HaA, HH-

gmuukyanbHasi H cuo6oi(Hasi aKIAIIH, Ha Ko'I'opoI OCHOBaH TriopriecKid nporiecc.

84 Huua Kayxquitusunit

My nyTH H otieptiHsan CB010 HOByK) TsopneeKro MbICJIb OTACJIbHbIMH urrpH-xamH, a 1TH BbI110.TIHeHHII 3aAymaHHoro, BO3HHKaJI0 MHO)KeCTBO opHrima.ribHbix sapnallTos H HOBbIX BbIpa3HTelIbiIbIX ripHémos C cambimll pa3Ho06pa3Hbimu moaHeamH. B gaHHOM FiceneAosaHHH H HamepeHa ripHeTymyn, K 3TOH Hpo-6neme, oTnpasnsinch OT TonorpachHH, ciurran ee noRoTRenom reorpachHH, Hp° Korropylo IO. JIoTmaH roBopHT, =no orla "ripuHamexcHT K °Mai 113 cpopm Hpo-cTpaHeTseHHoro KoHeTpympoBaHHH mHpa B CO3HaHHH nenoseKa". 2 HO OH 0T-

menaci' Talexce, TITO reorpacpHst H, eneRoBaTe.mbHo, H TonorpacpHst Hepa3nynHo C13513aHb1 C HpoeTpaHeTrsom: "ABH>KeHHe B reorpacpwiecKom npoeTpaHcTse CTaHOBHTCH nepemeigeHHem no BepTHKalibHoil uncame penHrHo3Ho-HpaseTBeH-IibiX geHHocTeil, BepX115151 eTyneHb HaxoRHTcsi Ha He6e, a HH>KII5151 - B a1y". 3 MbICJIb JIOTMaHa O nepeimmiceHHH HO pa3Hhim H3mepemum BcTpenaeTesi H y H. c1. (DeRopoBa:

aKT camoRemTenbHocTH , le.TIOF3eKa eCTL. HepTHKanbHoe ero nono5KeHHe. 4

3T11 coo6pa)KexHq o6painaloT moe BHHmailHe H Ha ApesilepyeeKylo KOTOpa51 HCXORHT 143 yneHvisi OTHOB HepKBH, KoTopbie oTnpaB.risnoTcH —

pa3mmumsm o JI1060M Bonpoce — OT onnonigHti: 3emHoil/He6ecHmil, HH3/BCpX,

ropH3oHTailL/BepTHKamb. erleAysi 3THM ITHHITHam H ABHFaSICb HO RaHHIAM

OCHM, HaM on(phisaeTen 3Ha'IeHHe HpoeTpaHcisa B HeTopHH, H 3T11 aHTHHOMHH

ROKa3b1BaK)T, TITO nemoseneeKaa MbICJIb ynwrbmana H3RaBHa TaKHC H3mepe- BHHKa5I B CMbICII 3THX 0111103HLIIIVI, rIell0BeK mano-nommy e6.TIHN(aeTcs1 e

HeBHAHmbim MHpOM, a rnaBHoe — TBopnecKasi aHeprlisi AsuraeTcsi C RaBHHX 'Top HO 3THM HpAmbim JIHHH5IM, OTTIpaBII5151Cb OT HJIOCKOCTH mmeapHoro ripocTpaH-CTBa K Bb1CIIIHM Op6HTaM.

Mile Ka>KeTesi, TITO TaKIle MbICJIH 6JIH3KH H E. MeHHTHHCKOMy, KorRa OH

yHomHHaeT Hp° BOCK.TIVII1aHHe PaCKOJIbHHKOBa:

Ra H 03.31111051 H He HH3KHe HOTOJIKH H TeCHble KOMHaTbl AyIlly H yM

2 110TmaH IO. M. Flpo6nema xyiio)KeCTI3eHHOr0 npoc'rpauc'I'Ba B npo3e rOroJIA //

H36paHHble CTaTb1,1 B 3-x Tomax. Ta.TIJIHHH. "AilleKCaHna". 1992. T. I, c. 407.

3 TaM )Ke.

4 015eRopoH H. (13. "Fopn3otrratibHoe nono)KeHHe H HepTtiKanbHoe — cmepTb H

)KH3Hb" // "(1314.flocochvist oftgero Aula". Il. MocKea 1913, c. 260 (reprint Lausanne,

L'Age d'homme, 1985). Bbipa)Kale C13010 6.naragapHocTb Rosanna Casari, KoTopasi

o6paTuria moe Brutmatute Ha 3Ty CTaTb10.

5 ROCTOCBCKHil (1) . M. Co6paHHe CO 3 1141-leHH11 13 10-TH Tomax. MOCKBa. Xygo*ecT-

BeHHasg JurrepaTypa. 1957. T. VII, c. 320 (B Rammeilwem nuTaThi 113 3T01-0 143RaHufl

fkal-OTCA B TeKeTe). CM. MeneTtificitHil E. M. 3ameTKH o TB0p ,leCTBe ROCTOCBCKOFO.

MocxHa, PFEY. 2(X)1

,ayitteatum monozpaffiuil o nemep6ypzeicue pafionhi ,aocmoeacKozo 85

BHyTpCHINSI B3aHMOCB513b MeA(gy npocTpalicTsom 14 RyILIeBHbIMH nepesm- BaHFISMII nogTsep)KgaeTcsi H d'osami,' IloTmaHa: "npourpaHerso B xygo*ecT-BeHHOM npoinseriermli mogennpyeT paaHme C13513H KapT14Hb1 mHpa: BpeMeHHble,

conHanbribie, 3TWICCKHC H T. II.". 6 KOHC ,IHO, IICI1b351 3a6bIBaTb, In° npocTparicTseimbie 143mepeHlin 6b1A11

6JIH3KH H ROCTOCBCKOMy, smnycKiuncy apurreKTypHoli ILIKOJILI, KOTOpHil

cTpagan 14 go KaTopril OT y3KHX 11pOCTpaHCTBCIIHbIX yCJIOBHA 14 3HaJI, i1T0 11C-

JI0BeKy Tpe6yeTc1 npocTop. 7 B 3TOM HCCJICA0BaHHH A nbiTaiocb paccmoTpeTb CB 3131. me)Kgy npocTpaH-

CTBOM H Tonorpagmen B IICpBbIX neTep6yprcKnx 11013eCTSIX ROCT0e13CKOPO, HC-

X01111 143 nperrnono)Kemis, tITO Tonorpaels ABJI AeTCA ORHHM 143 CTp0HTCJIbHbIX

diaKTopos, Haiiimas C "BegHbix rilega". B nept3btx paccKa3ax gominulpyeT, Ha camom gene, ropH3o1rTanb11asi IIIIOCKOCTb neTep6yprcKoil yp6aHHcTHKH. no 3Toil ropH3oHTank1 Tepori ROCTOeBCKOF0 nepeasHramTcs 14 gencTsyroT, cnegys paCHOJI0>KeHHK) rOp01ICKOPI CCTH. HO lipembigaillibie CO6b1T1111 npnocTaHasnkr-BalOT BpCMA OT spemeHH 3TO gsrmeire, 11p0HCX0A4T KaK 6b1 KOp0TKOe 3aMb1-

KaHHC HpH cTonKHoseHHH C sapyr 11051BHBIlIefiCSI BepTHKaJIhIO, nepeceKinoineil gomiumpyrouryio JIHHH1O, 14 3THM BLI3b1BalOTC51 KpinHclibie gyuresinae cliTya-irli

Y1IeJ151 51 BHHMaHHC TonorpachHH, Hago HMeTb B B1411y 14 npegmeTbi, 3aH14-

marowHe onpegeneimoe MCCTO B npocTpaHcTse: yinllibi, ruminagli, MOCTbI, Ro-ma, CTCHbI, gsopbr, iisepH 14 TaK)Ke OKHa, KoTopme 06yCII0BAHBaK)T, Meny

npotwm, sarring Ha ripocTpaHerseHHyro naHopamy H yTOIIHRIOT THII Tonorpa-cliniiecKoro pacHono)KeHns Toro ropoircKoro naHgulaclyra. 51 o6paury Hepso- HaganbHo BHI4MaHHC Ha OKHO, TaK KaK OHO BIIHACT Ha JIHLIHOe OTHOLIWHHC C npocTpaHcTsom. 3TO TCM 60JICe aKTyalIbH0 B IIIMMOJIHITCÙHal rieTep6yprcKoli yp6aHHcTHKe, KoTopas HaKnagbisaeT CBOti OTIICIIaTOK Ha gyrnesHoe COCT051-

mie genoseKa H Ha BCCb neTep6yprcKHA naHninadyr. IIonynaeTcs snega-TneHme, tITO ROCTOeBCKH11, CTOA y OKHa, CMOTpHT Ha 3Ty naHopamy gepe3 pa-

6 .TIoTmaH 10. M. Ilpoftema xygo)KecTueviHoro npocTpaHma B npo3e Foroni , c. 414.

7 3To noitTuep*Raercs4 HoeBblM KOBrieFOM, yr.namil 3a WHpMaMH, necTHunamH.

KpoMe 'l'oro HeBb3A 3a6blBa'l'b, wro pyccKasi ampirpauusi cwafiana Ha 3anage OT y3KHX

npoc'l'paHc'l'BeHHbIX ycsioanl, 3afibixanacb H mewrasia O pyCCKOi1 6eCKOHC4HOCTH.

8 flpHurynam K xygo)KecTeeHHoil (3yHK11,14H Tonorpatim, A HCXO)Ky H3 reorpa-

itiHnecKori KoHnerntun BepRACBa, KOTOpbal rouopwr O "ityweimoil reorpa(luie, KaK O

)1<kr1'eticKnx yclionusix. KpoMe 'l'oro A o6pawy BHHMaHHC H Ha kitHry G. Bachelard'a, La

poétique de l'espace (Paris. Presses Universitaires de France. 1957) H nocTapaiecb ;p-

Ka3aTb, HTO RocToescmiil HOBb30BaBCA 110)(06HbIM KpirrepHem, crposi CBOH nouecTri

TonorpacpwiecKilm m3mepeHnsim.

86

Huna Kayxnunffnuni

My, MbIHI1IHSI O TOM, IITO oncpbumeTcst nepeg ero B30p0M. OH cTapaeTcn BHHKHyTb B Tainty 3TOTO ManmecKoro ropoga, C ero nepeKpécTKamH II mano-nomany ropog emy nogcKa3bman, Kato4mH npHémamll MO)KHO nepegaTb XOTb

oTnacTH mucTepfflo 3T01.0 ropoga H TITO 3a Hen npaneTot. 9 H3BeCTHO, 11TO no pyCCKOil T

•

pagHHHH HeTep6ypr ropog-oKHo, nepe3 Ko- Topoe POCCHH cmoTpena n CMOTpHT Ha ny)Koe, Ha Espony. 1 ° Ho paMbl 3TOTO

OKHa 14 nepenneT OTKpbIBalOT B3opy TOJILKO nponepentimil pa3pe3, 111160 Orpa-

H14 11eHHOC npocTpaHcmo, KoTopoe no36y>KgaeT cpaHTacminecKoe H B TO )Ke

Hpemn 110AJIHHHy1O nenonenHocTb. XygoncHHK g0110.TIHneT 3T0 intgeHHe cnoen KHCTbIO, KaK gOKa3b1BalOT B14)AbI nepe3 OKHO MaIiSSe'a 14 mHoronvicneHHble OKHa Illarana, KoTopme 6b1BalOT HacTe)Kb OTKpbITbIMH, 11011yOTKpb1Tb1MH HJIH

3aKpb1Tb1MH. 3T0 1103B01151eT xygo)KHHKy pacummb, Cy3HTb 1411 H ripxcnoco- alTb BHAIIMbIti pa3pe3, KOTOpbIII n

•

pencTatutncn 14 pacTaHyncn nepeg ero meni- HHM H myTpeHmtm B3opoM. 3T0 gaeT 'Barati), BO3MO}KHOCTb H306pa3HTb

myTpemnoto CBH3b gemoBeica C riptipogon 14 3a0gHo 3T0 6ygeT OTKJIHKOM gy-memoro naHnutaclyra H nenouenecKon cygbObt. TaKOfÌ nogxog COOTBeTCTByeT

11011HOCTMO xygo)KecTneHHomy KpeTko Illarana, no KoTopomy FICKyCCTBO — 3TO

)1(143Hb 14 OT3ByK gyxonHoro COCTOS1111451 nenoneKa. Ilogo6Hbni nogxog K HacTonuten >K143HH BurpenaeTcn 14 B 1103TIIIIeCKHX

Komno3HH14)tx, oTmenaeTcn onpegeneHHan pa3Hmta me)Kgy BHgemtamli ne- pe3 OTKpbITOC 141114 3aKpbITOC OKHO, KaK goKa3bmaeT CTHXOTBOpellHe B npo3e Baudelaire'a Les fenétres (1863). 11 B 3THX cTpoKax OH CMOTpIIT limite 14 nepe3 3aKpb1Toe OKHO B OCBeIIkeHHbIA H

•

HTepbep, cTapancb yragam TanHy cemenHon )KI13HH. HaI1pOTHB, Mallarmé, B cTlixax Toro )Ke Ha3BaH1451, CMOTpHT H3 60.T1b-

HIPIHOTO OKHa Ha peanbHmil mitp, anta ce6e mecTa B HOBOM >K14311CHHOM H0110-

)KeHHH 6011bHOT0 ItenoueKa. 12 OrpaHHnycb 3THMH npHmepamH, KoTopme yKa-

9 3.ro noturBep*Raerckt 14 "3HMHHMH 3aMeTKaMH", B KOTOpb1X OH pa3MbIWJ15111 O

TOM, tiro avutesi H cmonen Ha 3ana;te. JIkymakt o Tom, wro emy HOMHHJIOCb H3 cHoero poccrnIcKoro ttanexa, OH He 6eCBOKOHJ1CA O peallbHbIX korrrypax HacTosnmero 3anajt-H0r0 mktpa, a cxopee o Taglie TOFO, rrro emy He yttanock, pa3rattam, nuca OH cmonen Benocpettc'rBeHno CBOHMH rna3amkt Ha ripxylo peasibuocm.

111 T. B. 11,HB135111 HegaBHo notinepxklyna Ha KompepeHumi, nocBmwerntoil IleTep-6ypry BecHog 2003 B MHAaHe, 4TO 3'1'0 OKHO o'ricpbuict wmpoxoe arBepc'rkie, 4epe3 KO-

Topoe He TOIlbK0 POCCHA CMOTpl4T Ha 3aHaR, HO 14 3anag Ha PoccHio. 11 31'0 ORHO 143 Poèmes en prose, B KoTopom Baudelaire yrBeptqtae'r: qu'on

peut voir au soleil est toujours moins intéressant que ce qui se passe derrière une vitre. Dans ce trou noir ou lumineux vit la vie, réve la vie, souffre la vie' (Le Spleen de Paris,

XXXV , 1869). 12 CM. Hamon Ph. La finestra // Testo letterario e immaginario architettonico. Mi-

lano. Jaca Book. 1996.

,llyuleHttaR monozpacliusi u nemep6ypumue pation N ,aocmoeacico2o 87

313i43a1OT Ha BO3M0)KHOe conocTaBneHlle Me)KRy 1103THI1eCKHM H cpnrypaTHB- HbIM n3o6pan(eHnsimn. 3T0 onpaBRbmaeTcn 14 TeM, TITO Rannbte 1103TbI 14 xygo- >KHHICH TB0p5IT Ile3aBHCHMO OT yeTaH013.11eHIIbIX 143M013, HO y6e)+q nTo Ka>x)rmil TBopen Ronn<eH HATH HO J1 14,III0 1436paHHomy nyTH. 3nannT, 14X pORHHT npunnnn TBopnecKon cBo6oRbi, 14 mHe Ka)KeTcH He6e3bIHTepeCHbIM conocTa-BHTb HeKOTOpbIe o6pa3bir RocToeBcKoro C KapTHHamn Illarana, B HaRen(Re, 'ITO 3To no3BonnT 6onee TonHo OnepTHTb 3HatICIIHe TonorpachnnecKnx JII4H14H

y ROCTOCBCKOFO, npnRaTb HM Ty Ryinermylo oxpacKy, O KoTopon FOB0pHT

BepRzeB, n3naraz npfiHnnn RyineBnon reorpadnin: "EcTb COOTBeTCTBHe men‹- Ry He061,HTHOCTb10, 6e3Fpa1111q110CTLIO, 6eCKOHeiIHOCTb10 pyCCKOn 3eMJIII 14

pyccicon mencRy reorpadmell dm3nnecKon H reorpactmen RyweBHon". 13

flpn IITeH1414 "BeffilbIX J110)1e11" 6p0CaeTC51 B rna3a, nTo KoppecnomenTin aToro pomaHa B IIHCbMaX }KHByT B 3aMKHyTOM npocTpaHcme, orpaHnneHHom KpHBOil

cTenoil yr.110B0F0 Roma. HTaK, npocTpaucTBeHnam yCJI0BHOCTb HrpaeT C

camoro Hanana OCHOBHy10 poni, B XygO}KeCTBeHHOH KOHI1e11111114 14 B KOMI10-

314111414 110BeCTefi Toro aBTopa. 3aTeM B 3TOM xyRoncecTBeHHom npocTpaHcTBe 11051B11HeTC51 cpa3y "OKHO", 3aHnmaromee geHTpanbnoe MeCTO cpeRn KOMHO3H-

mormoro maTepHana. "Olmo" BocuppummaeTcB C camoro Ha'Iana He TOJIbK0

11pH3HaKOM, a 3HaKOM JrkyllIeBH0F0 COCTOSIH1451 repoeB, SITO noRnepxnBaeTcn pa-mon, nomemnBarowen 3aHaBecKy. KpoMe TOPO, Ha HOROKOHHHKe, Ha Rpyrom OKOHHOM npeRmeTe, nomenoeTcH repaHb, eRVIHCTBeHHOe yxparucHne y6oron 3KH3HeHH011 06CTaHOBKH 3THX 6eglibIX 1110Refi. HOMHMO 3TOPO, aBTOp CO'1H115111

Hpn B14)Re KpHBH3HbI yrnoBoro npocTpaHcTBa, xoTopoe npespainaeT OKHO 1 4 B

camo6biTHbi1%I npeRmeT, B KOTOpOM cocpeRoToneHa CeHTHMeHTanbHaH nyBCTBII-

TeJ1bHOCTb nanna KoppecnoHReHToB. KpoMe TOPO, OKHO OCBaHBaeT 14 cpynx-Amo HCKOÙ npo3pannocTH, TaK KaK H3BHe MO)KHO yragaTb, TITO 3a IIHM TBO-

pHTcsi, BHHKHyTb B Ryinesmnfi mnp BapeHbxn, KoTopan KaK 6bI npaneTcB 13

3TOM TyCKJIOM mnpe, 14 3TO HanomnnaeT H306pa314TeJIbHOCTb Baudelaire'a. HO 3T0 minlmasi Hpo3pa'IHOCTb, OHa ne H1311HeTC51 PIIITHMHIAM 3BeHOM Me)1(Jrky RBymB WITePICKHMH 06CTaHOBKaMH, H TeM meHee menzny BllyTpenHnm 14 peanbnbIM ~a/AH, 3T0 namb cHrHan:

Ilo>Kych JI11 npocbmalocb mi, y)K 3HaF0 , wro N Bbl Tam 060 mHe Hymacre,

Ha H caMH-To 3HopoBbi H Becenbi (I, 80).

13 BernIgeB H. A. PyccKasi 'ARCA. OCHOBHble npo6.flembi pyccKoil MblCall XIX BeKa N

Hamana XX BCKa JJ O POCCHN N pyccKoi4 cimmocochcKoil Kysturype. MOCKBa. HayKa.

1990, c. 44.

14 HOCK0abKy HBop yrnoBoro Roma KpNBal, AeByWKHH cmonen N3 CBOeFO KpH-

Boro OKHa, Ha KINII3N3Hy ❑ poTHBonono)KHoro OKHa BapeHbKN.

88 HHHO Kayxqiuumuzu

B 3TOií 110BeCTH neTep6yprcKa2 TO1101341451 JIH11.1b KOCBeHHO goTparn-naeTc2 AO )KH3HH 3THX J110):1e11, H nnTaTenem oHa KaK 6b1 HHTyHTHBHO nocnpn-HHMaeTCH KaK Ck0H, Ha KOTOpOM pa3nepTbinaeTcn 110BeCTBOBaTeJIbHaSI HHTb.

Ho ropog noxa He immune H He OT3bIBaeTCSI Ha nHTIHOIi cyJb6e MaKapa H

Bapemxn. Ha camom gene, B 3TOM paccKa3e TonorpacDlin npencTann1eTc2 neppichepniThoti peanhHocTmo: repon He rynsnoT no ynnnam, o6cyncgaturcx BO3M0>KHble KOHTaKTbI C sHernimm mnpom, HO 011 H ne OCylIIeCTBJ1 5110TCSI.

Korga B nocnegimx nlicbmax peni, nongeT O He06xognmom "'Rmpe", Tpe6y10-Lnemc2 BapeHbKe, oHa noncKa3binaeT MaKapy, TITO ero MO>KHO gOCTHTI, y "magam MIA-JOH", H coneTyeT emy no TlaHHbIM yKa3aHnnm o6paTnTbc2 K Hefi

"no agpecy", HO OH ripli Hac He ompannneTc2 Tyga. HeMalIOHHTepeCHO H TO, TITO T(a)ce B 6onee 06CTOSITelIbHbIX OHHCaHHSIX, B

gHemme BapeHbxn, He nurpenaeTc2 TonorpacinniecKnx nogpo6HocTen. Korga Ha noxoponax CbIlla 113 Kapmanon 6e)Horo urna HoxponcKoro naganyr gpa-FOLkeHHble CbIHy KHHrH, 0H11 gan(e cnega He OCTaBJIRIOT no nyTn K xnag61nny. EAHHCTBelll Iblfi KOHKpeT11 O TonorpachnnecKnfi HaMéK BcTpenaeTc2 nocne cmepTH urna Bapellmm, 'corna OHH C maTephlo npemeHHo 110CeJ151IOTCSI Ha fle-Tep6yprcKon cTopoHe, rge HM HegocTanano npocTopa, H OHH cTpaganil OT Tec- HOTbI, HOCK011bKy

OKHa HaWH BblX01kHall Ha KaKoll-To >KeaTbirl 3a6op (1, 97).

HTaK, olmo cTano 6apbepom, cywinalownm eine 6onmne 3TOT o6oco-6fleHHbin MHp: nonynaeTca BneTIaTneHHe, TITO peanhHOCTI, H Tonorpachlin He

npoHnicaloT B 3Ty 6e3Bbncognro aTmoccpepy, oTopnaHHyto OT HacTonmen )1(H-

3H14. EAHHCTBelllibIM mcKmoneHnem SIBJISHOTCH Te pegxne MOMellTbI, Korga pa3- ronop 3ailgeT O KOHKpeTHbIX Bewax:

Xoann noKynam canoni H Kynnn ymmurrenbrible canoni. FlpowencH no HeRcKomy... (I, 190)

A y meHa KcTaTH H maraanH ecTb Ha ropoxoHoll... Beab BaM Hy>KHO noKynKH 6onbuie ikenam (1, 199).

)1(113Hb 3THX ~gen npoTeKaeT B y3KOM Kpyry orpomuoro roponcKoro npocTpaHcma, 3a 3aKpbITb1MY1 OKHaMH, KOTOpble npn Hac He pacnaxymaioTc2. HanpoTnn, pegicne, noxurn cnynailHbie TonorpackllnecKne HaMéKH cnywaT TOJIbKO 6o.nee Totmomy onpegeneHmo npocTpaHcTneHHbix rpannn TaKoro 3am-KHyToro Kpyra.

CnTyannn pagnicanbllo MeHS1eTCH B "RBOPIHHKe", rge OKHO C13513aHO C TOIIHb1M

yKa3aHnem Ha TonorpachnnecKoe pacnonoweHne mcnnmna r. Fonzaxmia, Ko- Topoe "IlaX0MITCSI B ropoge HeTep6ypre, B MeCTHJIaBOIIHOil ynnne, B nerBep-

,llyttleattall mono2paOull u nemep6ypmeue paieonr,l fiocmoescicozo 89

TOM 3Ta)Ke °Alloro BeCbMa 60111.1110r0 Roma" (I, 209-210). HO OKHO H TyT He npoeTo npn3Hax, a 3HaK, nepegaroumn TO cTpaHnoe Aymernme cocTosnme, KOTOpOM npoTexaeT >KH3Hb r. r01151,AKHHa:

cepbul oceHHHil MeHb, MyTHblil 14 rps"Hbui, TaK cepjarro N C TaK011 KHC.11011 rpN-MaCON K Hemy CKB031. Tycx.rioe OKHO B KomHaTy (1, 209).

KpoMe TOPO, TyT 11051B.1151eTCH H R011011 IIHTCJIbHb111 Ij)aKTop: 3epxa.no, KO-

Topoe KaK 6b1 611H3K0 CB513aHO C OKHOM H HCHOJIIISICT TO>KC gyinennylo cpynx- nyno:

OH noa6e*a.n K aepKanbily... ocTancsi coBepweHHo ROBOReH mem Tem, rITO

yBHge.a... O'leHb o6pagoBancs" Tomy, Tro Hce HaeT xopowo (1, 210).

HTaK, 3TH RBa npeRmeTa Apyr gpyra m0110JIIISIKST: OKHO CTallOBHTC51, C

ORHOPI CT0p0Hb1, meTeoponorntlecxon cr3o,axon, a C gpyron, CB513bIBaKIIHHM 3BC-

HOM menu LICJI0BeKOM H ropoRcKum npoeTpalleTHom, CO CBOHM CP0110M. Ha 3TOM "porle H na 3CpKallbIlOCTH panepTbmaloTesi 11pHKII 10IICHHA "HallIer0 re-posi". ORHaK0 OKHO, BIIRHMO, B COCTOSIHHH emy RasKe nowxa3aTb, KaK H 'ITO

ero B ganbileilmem wicHgaeT:

noa6e>Kan K olcoucy...Hagan Tro-TO OTbICKHBaTb r.ria3amm Ha )IBOpe Roma, Ha KOTOpb1r1 BbIXOR1451H OKHa ero KHapTHpb1 (1, 210).

Ho noemoTpnm, xax OH nepeAsnraeTcsi no Tonorpachwieexon CCTH ropoga: repon nani ompaHnzeTcs4 OT IlleCTHIlaB0 11 11011 H Tyaa HoupaupeTesi, RBH-

rane', n0 1111OCKOÙ ropogcxon ropmoirra.an, npoe3sKa1 HO HCBCKOMy H psigom ne)Kan"nm nepeynxam n nnoinamm, n OHI1 CTaF1yT mecTamm ero gyinennoro nopa>Kennsi. Ho B TonorpactifineeKom pacnonosKeitnn 3T01-0 ropoRa HMCIOTCH

onpeRenesnime mecTa, KOTOpbIe 3aKOJIROBbIBMOT r. FORSIRICHHa H 01114 cTanyT Tonorpachwiecxofl ~poti B ero rpé3ax H ullIeBHbIX mbrrapcTHax. 3T11 11yHKTb1 COOTBeTCTByK)T B ropoRexon nanopame onpegenennhim Tonorpa-cpwlecxnm emtinnam: 3TO AHHIIKOB MOCT, JIHTefinasi, HTaJI 1,51HCKaS1 y.anna, H3MaIITIOBCKHH H CCMCHOBCKIA MOCTbl. A 0:1>onTanxa 3aHHMaeT oco6oe MCCTO

— OHa nrpaeT KaK 6b1 mannylo p0J1b, OHa IlaCTOJILKO osmaRena r. FOR 51RICH-

Hb1M, ero xanoma ocTamaa cfleg na ee TpoTyape (I, 250, 253). Ho (1)0H-

Tamca — 3TO 3aoAno H KaHaJI-CBHRCTCJIb ero gymennoro noTpsicennst — xorga Haiti repon "npkicTa.nbno" CMOTpHT na nopasKaionuro ero "mymyro nomi" (I, 251). 3TOT KaHaJI, KaK H 3epKaJIO, nrpaeT )10110JIHPITenbilyK) posu? , TaK KaK OH

H OKHO OTIIHIMIOTCSI Henpo3palmon 3epKaablIOCTbK), a ero gyina inneT ce6e Tam onopm. r . FORSIRKHH, HanpoTnB, noTpsicen, 'coup OH MeJIbKOM BRAM'

camoro ce6s1 H eTpannoe, nepa36opqnrsoe "Rpyroe" B 3TOM HCIIHCTOM BORHOM

3epxame. C TCX nop Tonorpacinní 3T0r0 ropoga OCBOHJIa HHTHMHO gyusermylo 3HaI1HMOCTb — xananbi cTann CBHReTCJIHMH gyIlleBHOÙ Tonorpachnn repoen Ro-cToenexoro: ne TOJIbK0 r. Fonsnumna, 110 H PaCK011bHHKOBa, HORpOCTKa H gpy-

90 Huria Kayx ■41111l810111

FUX Ba)KHL1X CJIeT1I0BaTenbH0, 3epicanbHocTB npencTaanseTcs ORHHM 143

1'JIaBHbIX xyno)KecTseHHo-TonorpacimilecKHx npHémoB, Hai-ming C ",LkBoil'HHKa". Ha camom nene, F. He TO1ILKO ce6s, CTOH HaTI BOA011, HO

npoBepneT ce6s cicpynyné3Ho B 3TOM 3epKane, 3anymbma1cb O cBoem sHy-TpenHem 110110)KCHHH. Hocne yTpeHHeti nponepicH OH BLIXORHT 143 ROMy, Ha-npaBanneb HO npnmonnHeilHo'n marHcTpanH, ctiwas HencicHil npocneKT CBOHM

sxopem cnaceHlls, nocne Bcero nepexcHToro, nanna Ha ce6H B 3eplcane. TaKo-My KOHeIIHO, TpynHo Bonro nepenuframcs HO npsmoil FOpH3OHTaJ111,

OHa HcKp13nneTes OCTHHhIM nBopom 15 H "KpIOKOM" nepe3 nepeynonxli. r. F011 51JCIKHII HaneeTc CIIaCTHCL OT ripecnenyronwx ero 3CpKalIbIlLIX oTpaaceHvin B 3THX KpHBbIX y6e7(Hwax, tITO6 1436aBHTbC51 OT marllimocTH MyTHbIX CH11,

KoTopme emy HOLIy1IHJIHCL B BORe KaHaJla, Tem 6onee, TITO BepTHKansHoe BH-

geHHe npenaTcTByeT perynspHomy xony ero mbunneHlls. Ha camom nene, no- Ka OH nepensHrancs HO ropH3oHTanH, ero yMCTBCHHbIe CHOCO6HOCTI4nBfiranHcb

no Tomy )Ke Hanpasnemo, Ho Korna nary6Hag BepTificani b nepecemas ero nyTb, Bgpyr npeocTaHosHna nsa)Kenue no ropH3oHTanH, 11CpC)1 HHM OTKpbI-

mach yrpo)Kaloinan 6e3nHa 14

OH ripbwaer, HaKOHCH, B Hee can, can ycKopaH mmHyry cHoell *e norm6enu (I, 255).

CTapaHcb CHaCTI4Cb OT aToil BepTHicanH, OH npH6eraeT K KpHBH3He, Ha-tuamaeT "KOCHTbC51 Ha BCé 1CHOX1106b51" (I, 258), a 3aTCM H mina HOR HHM "HC-

KpH14115110TC51" (I, 261) H secb mHp }cm( 6Bi o6painaeTcs s HcKa)Kalowee 3ep-KanbH0e oTpa)KeHne, 16 nTo owywanocb cllepria B MyTHOM, Fp5I3HOM OKOHHOM

"3epKane", a 3aTem B HCIIHCTOM KaHane. Ho OH sce-TaKH Hanesncs CIlaCTHCb,

npoTHBonocTasnss 3TO1I pa3pyinliTenbHofi BepTincanH, HOCTOSIHCTBO HeKOTO-

pmx, 11011TH FOpH3OHTaIILHO-BepTHKaJILHbIX mecT: H3MatilIOBCKHil MOCT 1 7 H 11C-

ganeKidi CeMCHOBCKI411. OnHaK0 p snom C 3TOil ocopee yCHOKOIITCJIbHOil HO-

nyBepTHKa.amo BO3BbILlIalOTC51 BbICOKYle )KHJIble Roma C 14X Fp03H0A BepTH- Kanb10. 1 8

TyT scTaeT Bonpoc: nonemy awrop Hh16pan 143Maf4J10BCKHA MOCT KaK me-CTO nyinesHoil Tonorpachfix, dpoTHBonocTaanss ero myTHog Bone 41)0HTanKH?

15 Hesciofil npocneier H FOCTHHIA nHop ynomHHalorca 8 pa3, a npnmaz mani-crpanb IlwretiHan 4 paia; HranbsnicKaH yn. 2 paia a Ha6epe3KHa5 cl)owraHKH 8 pa3.

16 14Hb1MH CBOBaMH, 3epKaBbH0e orpa*eHme Hrpaer ocHoHononaraloakyio p011b BO

BCCX pewaloaatx momewrax *H3HH r. FOBARKHHa, HaqHHaz c nepHoro npo6y>i q

210). 17 143MAROBCKHfi MOCT HcrpemaeTcH 13 pa3. 18 OKHa KHap•nipird Oncyclma 14BaHorima nu6o Knapbl OJICyCiTheBlibl CMOTpeBH Ha

Hero c BbIcwero ara*a.

M. B. 1 o6mullicionl. 3CKH3b1 3aCTHBOK H HJIMOCTIMUJAH

K 110BeCTH (1). M. RocToeBcxoro "Besime Hotm"

92 HUHU Kayxquutetutt

HO BCeVi BepOSITHOCTH, MOCT npencTaarmeTcn FonanxHHy HeonacHoù nyinesHoil HepTxxanbio, xoTopan MO)KeT XOTb BpemeHHo CMSIPIHTb ero nyxosHbie am6H11HH. KOHet1H0, OH 60HTC51 011yeTHTb B30p, Hanencb, HOMIHMaVICb Ha KpbIJIbSIX MenTbI, CTaTb no6egHTenem. HTaK, 143MAJIOBCKHil

MOCT — PURI ymepeHHan HepTuxanb — CTaJIH cpenoTonHem ero rpd3 H TOIIKOVI

npeo6pa3I(em4m, a 6onbHasi ero HILTI103112 cymena npespaTHTb HH3KHC npeBeca BO nHope B HepTHKanbHoe y6e)KHWe Henanexo OT 3Toro mocTa.

Bonee CJIO)KHO onpenenHTb nyweHHylo Tonorpacinno nainpn.Ha Ha IllecTH-naHoimoh. 19 3To nono6He xBapTHpbi He HMeeT Hwiero oddHero C TeM, CITO Ba-chelard ormeAermeT CBOHM "coin du monde", TeM meHee c nomom-rHe3nom Typ-reHeBa. KpoMe Toro, aTy xHapTHpy HeB03MO}KHO onpenenHTb AmninHem, —

TaK KaK 3T0 He npoexulln "Bcero, Hamero xo3a13cma, T. C. 110 HOA0611H Ha-mero Tena", o ‘-iem CB 14)VeTelIbCTByeT "OpraHonpoeKHHz". 2() KoHeimo, 3TO He ii1om-y6e)Kmme CO CBOHM yK)TOM, I101134THe, oTcyTcmylowee B AyXOBHOM MHpe VI B KnapTHpax ROCTOeBCKOFO, rne nomHHHproT cxopee He6penolocm. H Hepn-IHnHBOCTb, a me6enb1oe 06opygoBaHme He ocHemaeT nymeHHoe rionon(eHHe ero repoeB. EVIIIHCTBeHHbIM )KHBbIM 31IeMeHTOM npeAcTaHngeTcn Ha IlleCTH-

JIaBO,IHOVI FleTpyanca, Hanomrmarommi cicopee mapHoHemy.

Hecmong Ha 3T0, npo xnapTHpy T. FOJIVIVIKHHa MO)KHO CKa3aTb,

TITO 3TO csoeo6pamblii KOCMOC, 3T0 oTnpaHHan TWIKa Hcex CHOBVIReHHA H HH-

THMHbIX HaAe>KA "Hamero repost" (I, 224), a olmo — He TOJILKO HpH3Hax, a cpenoTonHe CaMbIX OTBa)KHLIX HJI.T110314it Ryniemble aM6I411140 3TOTO nenose-ica He OCyLLIeCTBTIVIIOTC51 rmstmo.aHHeimo, HM Tpe63noTcn KpKVIKOBaTbIe nyTH, panepTbmaroumecA OKOnbHbIMH nyTzmH. r . Fonznx.HH ompaHnzeTcn OT

cHoero "coin" HIII4 nono6Ha HHTepbepa, B KoTopom oTmenaeTcm me6enb noò KpacHoe nepeso, enHHCTBeHHan BeLLIb, cocTamsnowan Kaxoe-TO HepexonHoe 3BeHO K 6.3ecTnnemy mHpy Knapbl OlICyChbeBHbI. OKHO 3TOiI xHapTHpbi HpHo6peTaeT ChTIIKLIVIK) nekTHymero mina, OHO J(a)ce npu HeHaCTHOfi, HO-

SI6pbCKOil Horone, HacTencb OTKpbITO H 6poCaeT CBOH 6necTnnwe nynH Ha oxpyncalotHHPi mHp. Ho 3TO CHVIHHe HpOTHBFITCSI TycKnomy mHpy "Hainero repon" H He nonycKaeT, nTo6b1 OH Hacna>Krkanca oT6necKom 3TOTO cHeTnoro, 6ecnono6Ho ClIaBHOTO mHpa. BonpeKH BceMy, 3TO oco3HaeTcn KaKI1M-TO o6pa-3OM r. FOJIVIVIKHHbIM, H OH HaReeTcn, irro cymeeT 3a ApesecamH cripsrramcz OT

3TOil rpo3Hoil peanbHocm, HHTaSICb "KpHBOPi" Hanencnoti XOTb KOCBeHHO nero-TO A0614TbC51. OVIllaK0 OH, 110 cHoeil HaType, He B COCTOSIHHH HOFISITb, qT0 OH

19 WecTunaHogHae, Ha KOTOpOi1 *valer r. FORSIRK141-1, npegcrraeneeTcH MHe npocTo nosceRneeHbim )1(143FieliHbIM wimepeHnem.

2() (1).nopeumul 11. A. OpraHonpoenwe // CO'INFIeH142 B 4-x Tomax (3-1). MocKHa. Mblcnb. 1999, c. 415.

,ayutesuan uR u nemepOyNcKite pationm ,aocrnoe«cicozo 93

IlpHHagJICKHT yaKomy, neTmpexcTeHHomy ripocTpaHcmy Ha HICCTI411aBOIIII011,

KOTOpb1M emy Cy3KgCHI10 ygOBJ1eTB0pHTbC51.

BonpeKH Hcemy cKaaaHHomy, gom noxa eine He SIBJDICTCA TCM yHHKanb-- Hmm, ncemH yairanaemmm npocTpaHcmom Roma PoroxcHHa, HecmoTpn Ha TO, TITO TyT pice HpornsigmHaeT gymemo-HHTHmnan C135131, mexcgy nen0BeKOM 14

ero 3KHJ114111eM. KpOMe Toro, gpamaTHnecicoe cocTosnme ymcaseimmx cnoco6- HOCTeil r. Fonsmiuma He gaeT eMy, C 0,11H0f4 cTopoHm, BO3M0)KHOCTH HafiTH ce6e yTemeHHe B HacTonwem "coin". A c gpyroil, Hpl CTOJIKHOBeHHH mexcgy ropHaoHTanmo 14 nepTHKanmo (olmo Ha nepxHem aTa)Ke) C135131. C FIHTepbCpCM

OKOIPIaTCJIb110 o6pmnaeTca, H BLIACHSICTCH, TITO IICB03M0)KII0 HafiTH Hpamylo I 1 14Tb, cnnahmakilHylo ero c 6onee BbICOKHM, BepTHKalIMILAM MHPOM, 143 KO-

T0p0r0 OH olcomaTenhHo IICKII

CJICROBaTCJIb110, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, TITO xog 31'01i 11011CCTH HepaanynHo CB H-

aau C Tonorpacfmnecimm pacriono)meHmem ropoga, o6ycnonnemimm oco6bim apxwreKTypHmm cTpoem, KOTOphIil HOCTOSIIII10 oTpa)maeTcH Ha gyarennom vnage Haiuero repoH. KpoMe Toro, HcKOTOphIe yrnm ropoga B.TIVISHOT Ha ero BuyTpeHHHII mHp, Ho He moryT ero yTemHTL. A nepHme CHMIITOMM ero gy-menHoro HoTpsicemln ACRO 11pOSIBJIBIOTCH Ha JICCTIIIIHC, 1 IO KOTOpOil OH "How HumaeTcsr" nnepx, H 3THM HogTnepmcgaeTcsi, 'ITO OH CTpCMHTCH K BbICOTC, X0-

TH nepTHKanbHoe Hamepenne emy HeCHOCHO. HTaK, MO)KHO 3aKJ1 10 11HTL, TITO

anTopy yganoch • coagaTh Heo6xognmylo I103TH 1 1eCKyK) cTpyKTypy B 3TOM

60JIMBOM ropoge, H r. FOJIYIAKHI1y ygaeTcsf nponecTH )KH31 lb KaK 6m Ha yegm-neHHom ocTpone, cpegH MII0r0 1-1HCJICIIHIAX HeTep6yprcimx OCTp0BOB. 0111 1aK0

KaHaJIbI, MOCTIA, 6onmuHe apTepHH, yaKne nepeynKH CTallOBSITCH rpaHHHamll 3TOI'O nepHmeTpa, a OH14 ROKa3MBalOT CO Hceti WIC1314g110CTb10, TITO g0M141111-

pyeT ropHaoHTanb, cooTHeTcTnymmasi o61Ikemy paCH0110>KeHHIO neTep6ypr-CKOPI Tonorpacfnm. Tparwmo TO, TITO C11 HOCTOSIHI10 rpo3HT BepTHKa.ab OLI-

COKHX rOpOgCKHX ROMOB C HX 6ecuncne1lHinmH olcHamH C 3CpKaJ11,11bIM oTpa>Ke-HHem.

HTaK, Tonorpactifineciwe pacHono)KeHme 3T0r0 ropoga cooTneTcTnyeT gy1I1e13HOMy cocTosamo, a r. FOJISIRKHII KaK 61.1 Hepaanyimo C HHM CBH3all, HO-

xa rpaHHHLI 3T0r0 ropogxa B ropoge geTKO oriemeHm. HO Korga oHH pacrina-Bn5HOTCSI, II 14X KOHTypb1 CTallOBSITCSI Tymamunmn, r. FOJIHAKH11 TepS1CTCH H

nponammaeTcsi B 6e3glly.

TOHOrpatI4S1, I 1a11p0TFIB, oTcTyrraeT B TIOBCCTII "FOCI -10,111411 Hp0Xap 1111 11" Ha BTOpOi1 TIJ1aH H CTalIOBHTCH JIHIL1b IICO6X0gHMbIM J1CCOM, Hoggep)KHHaloupim

cTpyKTypHLA CTpOÙ paccKaaa. TyT nce 11p0HCX0g1IT B 011HCaHHOM "coin",

B HHTepbepe aa unymoil, C KOTOphIM ero *H31 1b Hepaanylmo cnsiaalla. A HoKa

94 HUHU KayxqtlilleltAll

OH *1411 Ha HeCKaX, OH THXO nexcan, H14 C KeM He o6LHancb H He pa3roBapH-Basi: ogimm CJIOBOM, OH mor Hacna)KgaThca csoefi yegimeHHoil F0p1430HTaBb10.

HaIlpOTHB, emy TpygHo C)KI4TbCH C HOBOIk O6CTaHOBKOI'1, xorga OH HonagaeT B

KOMI1a11141C), xoTopan 3acTaBnneT ero CTOJIKHyTbC51 C BepTHicanmo non BHgom TOJIIIbI 01(0110 Tonxynero phimca, rie OH coBepluemo TepHeTcH. A Korga OH

OgyTHTCH Ha y.rawe, 'corna B "KpHBOM nepeynxe" gom ropHT, 14 BepTHxanb HyraeT ero, xax 14 gpyrHx *HTeneil, emy mepeuumn, TITO OH nyTh 1114 He cropen BmecTe C 3Toil BepTxxanmo. IloTpaceHHe nocne CTOJIKHOBeH1151 C Bep-

THKanb10 6b1110 TaK14M CH.T1bHIAM, TITO OH BCé BHOBb nepexamaeT B 6peTky, 14

nepeg HHM nosmnneTca rpo3Haa, Hyralowan ero naHopama Henoro ropoga co cTpanaHmmH, Hel3b1HOCHMb1M11 H3mepeminmH. 21

OAHaKO, BO BHeume THxoil )KH3HI4 3T0F0 nenoBeica 11051BJISTIOTCSI

TO 'FAMA, 14 OH14 Toxze oTpa)KaioTcH Tonorpachmecim: oxa>xeTcn, MTO 41.He-CTBylOT xaxile-TO cexpeTHme CBM3H C F0p0110M TBepb 14 3TOT Tonorpael-necmA HamCK 51B.TISICTCSI KIII0IICBb1M 14 Hpoponecm4m OTHOCHTeMbH0 Happa-THBHoil pa3BH3xH. HOMHMO 3T0F0 BcTpenaloTcH TO11HbIC TORO-

rpactifinecime yKa3aHHH, xoTopme HOSIBJ13110TCSI TOJIbKO Torga, Korga OH B J114-

xopaAKe He B COCTOHHHH BepHyThcz ROMA, KaKOti-TO Kynep Hog6HpaeT ero "rge-TO" n0 gopore B KOJI0MHy. TaKHe pegime, HO Tonorpacplinecime yronHe-

npugaioT 3TOMy CpaBH14TenbH0 KOpOTKOMy paccxa3y KaKylo-TO 0}1(14-

B.TICHHOCTb, HO 3aogHo npegocTaBnnioT nwraTemo BO3M0)KHOCTb OT11aTb celie urger O yMCTBCHHOM HOJIOXCCH1441 TaK0F0 IICK1110q14TeRbHQF0 opHrmiana.

3THM paccxa3om HogTHepBcgaeTcH, TITO Tonorpaclum Bocnpiummanach, nepe*HBanach ROCTOCBCKIIM 14 npegocTaBnxna emy Heo6xogHmmil maTepHan npli o6pHcome HappaTHBHoro ripocTpaHcTsa xa)mgoil 110BCCTII. FOBOIM o F. Hpoxapnime, Ka)KCTCSI BO3MO)KHbIM f_106aBHTb: KorRa ROCTOeFICK1411 CTOSIJI

OKOJIO 141114 nepej 3aKpbITI,IM OKHOM, emy ygaBanoch MbIC.TICHHO BIIHKHYTb B TO,

TITO TB0p14TCSI B HHTephepe, 3a OKHaM14. Ho 'coma OH CTOHM OK0110 OTKpbITCWO

oima, 14 ero B3op 6Bin nopaAceu oupegeneffludm mecTom, xax Hanp. Ilaolvramca

14 HCKOTOpble y1114111,1, MOCTE4, nnomaga, BCe 3aBSI3b1Ba.T114Cb B ero H3o6pa3H-Te/ILHOCTH B Henyio Henb 14 nepecTpaHBanoch B OplIFI4HalIbHbIA 110BeCTBO-

BaTelIbHb111 xog. 3aogno ochopmannacb Ta nonTH HenpaBgoHogo6Han aTmo-ccpepa, B KOTOpOIÌ ero repon TIBliralOTCH, HO olia CTaHOBI4TCSI 1146e11bH01-4 ARSI TaK1IX 6ecnogo6Ho opHrimanmio-TparHnecxnx nwmocTeil, KaK r. Hpoxaptam.

21 Tal" o6pa3om, OH 6yKBaJIbHO npeBpaw,aercH 13 elmrypy, HanomptHamnaz pa-HeHoro cosmaTa 111arana.

fiyuleatiaR monozpaffiull u nemep6ypzucue patioubt ,a0CMOCHCK020 95

B "Cna6om cepgge" sce oTnpasnseTcs OT apxwrexTypHsix 133mepeHliI3, a pegnie TonorpactsinecKHe HaMUH yKa3b1BaIOT Ham, tlTO MbI BHOBb B ropoge "Ha HeBe", Tuo ReficTsHe HpoHcxogHT Ha "HeTep6yprcsoll CTOpOHe" H no gopore K KOJIOMIle. 3T14 yKa3aHvis nonTsepscRaioT, TITO asTopy Tpe6yroTcs H

TyT HeCKOJIbK0 0110pHbIX r1yHKTOB. no gopore K J1106HM011 Resouxe, gpyms sgpyr BC110MHHalOT O maramie magam Ilepy Ha B0311eCeHCKOM, 22 Ha OgH0à 143

rnasHmx apTepHiI ropoga. 3T0 no6pKgaeT 060rix Rpy3eil KplOKOM Tyga 3ai3rH, KyHHTb noRapoic H 3THM gocTHraeTcs BbICIIIee 6J1a)KelICTBO BacHHoro cnacms, TITO morno ocyrnecTsHmcs TOJILKO rOpH3OHTalIbH0, II0 gopore, segyineil 13

KOJI0MHy, K aTomy, Torga maneHbKomy, nposHHHHanhHomy, oxpailHomy npw-ropogicy. 3To yKa3aHHe Ha BaCI4110 senmoe, HO mm4moe cnacTbe npencTa- B.1151eTCS C KOM110314IIHOHHOA TOIIKH VeHVISI ouTpaHeHllem, KOTOpbIM 011paBgbI-

Bae7c51 13CH 3aBH3Ka gaHHOP1 PICTOpHH; HO uTomy oTcTpaHeinuo Tpe6yIOTCH BlIOBb onpeRenemmie TonorpadmilecKHe °Holm'. Ha Rene, Bacs xsaTaeTcs 3a HHX, KaK 3a sxoph cnaceHlis, HO Korga OH BbIHy)KgelI IlpH3HaTbC51 Rpyry, TITO

OH emy He cKa3an BCIO npasgy, 3T14 IlyHKTIA HcHapsioTcs: 01114 He B COCTOH11 1411

ero gymesHo Hogxpernrrh, 14 soxpyr Hero sce pyrnwrcs. KpoMe Toro, 3T14

pensile TonorpactmnecKHe yica3aHms HCHOJIHRIOT C1)3/HKL11410 3amegnemls 14 g a ioT IIVITaTeJ110 BO3MO)KHOCTb XOTb Ha mvniymy nepegoxHyTh. OHH BHOBb HOSIBHT-

051 Ha 3aK.1110111Te.111,H011 cTpaHline, 'corna ApKagHil Bb1Hy)Kgell HOCTaBHTb ce6H 14 CB010 cygb6y Ha ypOBCHb Tpe6yKsnefics peanbHoil HOBCCAHCBHOCTH.

Oco6eHHoe BHHMa1114e 3acnyscHsaroT B RaHHOM KOHTCKCTC "Bel1ble HOrI14", 14C-

KJ110 ,111TC11bH0 HeTep6yprcionl poMaH. B 11pCgbIgy1IIHX 110BCCTSIX HeTep6ypr npeRocTasHn asTopy Tpe6yioun11 ics cTpoirrenbHmil maTepHan H cTan cgeHa-pHem HappaTHBHOII 3aBH3KH. TyT caM ropoR BeCb oxyTaH HepeansHo-chaH-TacTHnecimm CBCTOM 6elIbIX onaposasumx meIrraTens, cTaneT aKTaH-TOM 14 (I)oHom ylI1KanbH01.0 cseTosoro oTpas<ellus, HO KoTopomy CTpOHTCH

Ben. pollai.

B "RBOIIHHKC", KaK MbI sHgenH, ropoR 6bin co-axTaHTom, a TyT OH CTaJI rnasHogeticTsylowim cnoco6HLim onenosenwrb neTep6yprcicHe Roma HJIH sepTHxansHme rpomagm, KOTOpbIM 11pOTHBOCTOSIT peRKHe, 110IITH HC3Ha-

IIHTCJILI1bIC lIeJ1013eIICCKHC macKH. Ho rOpH3OHTanbHOCTb Hpeo6nagaeT H TyT,

H npoTsrmsaeTcsi go 0KpeCTHOCTH ropoga, go CaMbIX Rammix mecT: Ro HOFO, AIITCKapCK0r0, KpCCTOBCK0r0 OCTp0BOB, g0 Hapronoso, FlaBI1OBCKa,

gepHoil PetIKH, KoTopme oxascyrcs nepHcheprifillumn comerairramw Tonorpa- Ct7453 3THX mecT B COCTO HaJ10>K14Tb CBOil OTHexIaTOK 14 Ha mina garmix

smTeneri, Ha m gyxosHoe ssipas(enne. 3Ta xapalerepHas nepTa cTaHeT B

22 O KoTopom ynommilaeusi OgHH egmicTBeHHliiil pa3.

96 Huna Kayxquittetout

"1411140Te" OCHOBILLIM npnémom 14 CO311aCT eTpylerypnylo B3aHMOC134131, mencRy 0KpeCTHIAMH, 11p0B141111HanbHb1MH MeCTHOCTSIMH 14 nappwrlinnbim annapaTom B

nenom. A npo "Benbie HO.IH" MO>KHO CKa3aTb, LITO ROCTOCBCICHil nenhrrbinaeT TyT snepsbie Raimo-TonorpachwiecKne BO3MO)KHOCTH, KoTopine HO3B0.11 31T emy 01IepTHTb onpeRenemmie RymennEde nepTbi CBOHX repoeB. 3TH nep14chep14x-HbIe mem Tpe6onanneb xyRonceeTnelmon H306pa3HTe.ablIOCTH awropa, TàK

KaK °Arta eTonwman Tonorpacima He npeRocTannana emy neo6xoR14mmx CTp0HTe.ablIbIX HIOaHCOB. 0)EIHaKO, C npocTpanurnemio'n TOIIKH 3pel1H51 Ha» OTMeTHTb, .1TO rOpH30HTalIb npeo6naRaeT 14 B 3T011 110BeCTH. MelITaTC11b ne- peRrmraeTen no yp6anncTeKon Tonorpalum neTep6yprocnx ynnn, CTa.TIKVI-

BaSICb 110.1TH enceRnenno C nepTincanmo 1341COKHX Romon. 3T0 BbI3bIBaeT B

nem olnyinenne ommoneeTna 14 yenoncrineT CH0111e111451 C Rpyrnm; HTaK, OH

Bb1Hy)KTICH yCTaHOBHTb nwinble CHOIIICH1411 HCKJII0.1 VITe.abH0 C KaMeHHOri Rep-TnKanbK), C KoTopoil CB 413aHbI H Te pemcne nenonenecKne macm4, KOTOpb1C

emy ncTpetialoTen. KaK Mb1 menu, conpnxocnonenne menu Rnymn npo-THBOCTOHInFIMII annnamn 3acTaBnsIo r. FOJISIRKHITa 011yCTHTb B31'115111( I10 nep-THKann B 6e3110HIlyK) rnyanly xanana. 23 A meirraTemo CIIHTC51 ropoRcican nepnixanh, B naRenqe, irro 0Ha CMO>KeT npeo6pa3nTb H npnRaTb KaKylo-To nmeoTy ero 11y1110B110My 110J10)KeHIIK). 3T0 TIOBT0p51eTCSI KancRbin pa3, KorRa OH nognnmacT CB011 B3E115111 nnepx 14 BHAHT, tITO ROMa FJ141)151T na Her0 143 "neex OKOH", HO OH HI4KaK IIe MO)KeT C HHMH CATHCb. Ho co 'Temei-1cm emy nce-Ta-

yRaeTen yeTalIOBHTb C neKoTopbimn 113 3THX ROMOB "J111.1Hble OTH0111e111451" 14

xpome neKoTopme eTanyT ero "IIK)611M1111MH HJI H KOpOTKHMH npnnTenamn" (II, 6). CneRonaTenbno, MOACHO 3aKJIIOtIHTb, TITO 11pOCTpaHCTI3e11HOCTb einiTaeTen B I1033HH 14 B )1(11B011HCH KJIK) ,IeBbIM npnémom IIe TOSIbKO B ropoReKon narro-pame, HO 14 B11.IH0f4 cyRb6e nenoneica. Ha camom Rene, yr.abi 3a unTmamn mano-nomaRy pa3pacTawnen, eTanyT "eTpannhimn yronxamn", KaMopKaMH, B

KOTOpbIe

}<m 6yjuro He •_sarnm)(bwaer 'FO )Ke comfike, KoTopoe CBCTI1T ulna Hcex ne'rep-

6yprcictix mojkei1 (11, 19).

B TaKHX eTparnibtx yronnax npo>Klinawn menTaTenn (II, 20), n 01114 C MIO-

60BbIO CMOTp3IT na Te gemme CTelibI, KOTOpbIMH orpanmeno 11X )K1TC1ICK0e

npocTpancTno. HO B OTJIWIHe OT npeRmAyinnx repoeB, menTaTenb nee-Taxn oco3HaeT, KorRa nompainaeTca B CBOK) "KomnaTy", .1TO OH y ce6n Aoma. Ha-lipOTHB, TITO KacaeTen COIlp14KOCHOBeH1441 MenAy pa31-1LIMII n3mepennamn, rimo OTMeTIITb, TITO OHO noenpm-inmaeTcH B 3T011 noneeTH KaK 6b1 HeMHOI'O emnr-nenno no epanneinno C r. FOJIMAKHHHM, XOTS1 14 TyT nApyr noHBJI HeTCH nenan "crop6MeHHaH" nepTlixanb, noTopan

23 3T° gywealioe COCTOSIFINe HanomaHaer o ".neacagem noaTe" libraria.

fiyuleartuu monozpuffiun u nemep6ypzocue parumbi ,llocmoeucKozo 97

npHcnotninach K nepHnam KaHana, 06110KOTHBWHCb Ha peweTKy... 04CHb

HHHmaTenbHo cmoTpena Ha myrHyro nom/ KaHana (11,10).

3TO Ile0)104RaHHOC noannerme Bb13bIBaeT nepeamoname B HappaTHBHom xoAe 14 coaBacoTca HOBbIe THopnecxne Tpe6oBalma, BO3HHKaeT Heo6xommocTb coman, mmcmyco CBH3b, Mexcny 3TIIMH BByma HamepecmamH. HO HM rpymo C)K14TbC51, TCM 60nee, CITO BepTHKaJIb, HO Byxolmomy HaaHaneHmo, cTpemliTca peIIIHTenbH0 HanpaBHTE. BCd K Toù BbICOTC, r)e nyina mo)KeT cHo6onHo Hcemy

Hac.naamamca. Ho 3TO ocTaeTca mHpaazom. KpoMe Toro, 3TII Hamepemm npuo6peTacoT oco6emcyco 3HaIIIIMOCTb B OT-

6necKe cBeTa 6encax Honefi, oaapaconcxx Bech ropoB CBOHM Heo6BBmwm CI151-

mem, 6maromap1 xoTopomy BCpTHKanb CTaHOBHTC51 tiapromai RefiCTBHTenb-

HOCTLIO. BaarojAapa 3Tomy peammaa o6cTaHoma npeo6paacaeTca, H BepTH-KaJlbH0e Hamepemce CTaHOBHTCSI RYIHeBHOÙ Heo6xwmmocTmo. B TaKOPI aTmo-ccPepe HacTeHmca 14 MCIITaTeI1b SIK06b1 CJIHBalOTC51, 3a6Bma5 Bpememio o Ho-BeeMeBHOPI peammlocTH. A KorRa 110CneRIISISI Bbl6CpeT celie OKOIIIIaTeJIEHIA

11yTb, Torna HJIIIK)30pHaS1 aTmocchepa pymwrca. TaKaH 14.11J1K)3H51 Morna ywra-HOBHTbC51 TOJILKO BO Bpema Oemmx Honeù, C HCCKOHTIaCMb1M11 BenepamH, KorRa Bce oayTaHo 3THM 110rITH Hepeasummm CBCTOBLIM cHHHHem. 24

HHbIMH CJI0BaM14, BbISICHHeTC51, TITO gymemma Tonorpacima 06yCJIOBIIII-

BaeT He TOJIbKO KOMI103H111110 3THX nepshix noBecTeil, HO H maTepHasc pace B

TCX pomaHax, KOTOpbIe He paaBepThmaroTca Ha HeTep6yprcaom cpoHe. Fepoll ROCTOCBCK0r0 BHyTpeHHe accHmcumpycoT ripoTHBocTostume JIHHHH, HO HHM

opmeHTHpyeTcst IsopnecKaa 3Heprllm awropa, 14 HpeROCTaBJISHOT emy B03-

MO*HOCTb CO3RaTb CBOH IIC6b1Banble XyIl(0)KCCTBCHIIble Hp0113BCReFIFISI. CJICAO-

BaTenblIO, ROCTOCBCKOMy ynanocb ()m/metani, roponcKylo HaHopamy, H OHa,

CO CBOHMH rmeameTamH, noBcaaahmana emy CO3naTb "Benbie Holm". A 6.naro-ppz aTMocc!epe 3THX Honefi, ropon C ero HCKJII0IIHTCJIbH0g, HO Ild pyccxoll yp6aHHCTHKOil, CTan y1111Kanbllb1M Reilcmymumm Jmnom 14 3aCTaBHJI awropa H

ero MexuaTenst HOWIHHHTbCII noTpe6HocTam 3Tofi csoeo6pa3Hoil yp6aHHcTvm C eli He3aypHnHoil aTmoccPepoù. 25

Tonorpacimmecami TO) xoB K IIOBCCTBOBaHHK) ormammBaeTca, KaK y)Ke 6huto cKa3aHo, 11p0CPCCCHOHanbH011 110,1IPOTOBKOP1 ROCTOCBCK0r0. ApxHTeKTypHoe o6pa3oHaHHe Bari° emy BO3M0>KHOCTb 110IICTyHHTb K TaKHM H3o6pa3HTesimcbim 3KCHCp1IMCIITaM H 1103BOJIHI10 emy ripHBaTb ero noBecTam yHIIKaabHy10 Hap-

24 06 3Tom cmineTenbcTRyeT H KapTHHa Warana "OnktHogecmo".

25 Taiwii He3aypHnHbnl XynO>KeeTBeffiiblii cTpoil HanoMuHaeT KapTimy Warana "Rom C rna3om".

98 HUHU KUyXqUEUHUAU

pammym cTpyterypy. 3THM 061351CHSIeTCH, LITO aBTOp Bb16pan HCKp111311eHHy10

BepTHKaJ113110CTb HaCTeHbKH, xoTopaR, KaK F01151LIKIIH, onycicaeT B3Op B npo-IlaCTb, HO 3TOT JIHLLIb ripomewyTonmAil MOMeHT 11pHBJICK Bm4maHme mena-Temi; 3THM oTicpbmaeTcH HOBag KOMII03HILHOHHaii cpa3a B nammetintem xone 3T0r0 paccxa3a. HHbIMH cJIOBaMH, 3TO nepexmoneHHe Bbl3BaHO BpemeHHoil no6enoù BepTmcanH, T. e. TOil JIHHHH, xoTopasi 60peTC41 HpOTHB IITIOCKOft yp-6aHHCTCKOil rOpH30HTa.TIH.

TeTpa)414 ROCTOeBCK0r0 LIOKa3b1BalOT, 11TO OH HCIILATbIBaeT Ha celie Pa3-

Hble np~bi H o6pa3bi; cpenH HHX OH H36HpaeT CBOII CTp0HTenblibIù maTe-pHan, a Tonorpacimq npenocTaBnyieT emy Te neca, KOTOpbIMH nonxpennneTcz cynb6a ero C110)+01131X nepcoHamzeit KpoMe Toro, OH HaCTOJIbK0 CAGIJICSI C 3THM

roponom, irro cmor npenocTaBHTb emy TaKHX yHHKanbHbIX JIHLI, BbI3BaHHbIX

HmeHHo mecTHofi TonorpackHeii. 3TH nepe*HBaHHz ccpopmHpoBanH ero LIy-

XOBHO TBopitecxylo BOCHRIHMIIIIBOCTb, a KaTopra Aaxce He cmorna yMaJIHTb HHTHMHy10 CI3S13b C roponom, xoTopaH yeTaHommaci,, mica CO3L(aBaJIHCb nep-Bble paccKa3bI. HeTep6yprcxasi Tonorpacpm nommmpyeT B "YHH)KeHHEIX H

OCK0p6J1e1MbIX", B "HoArtonbe" 14 B "HpHcTynneHHH 14 Haxa3aHHH", 14 ropon 6y-neT He TOJIbK0 Reilcmylowlim nilHom, HO 14 CDOHOM )1043HeHHbIX yC.TIOBVIA xa)K- ;pro nepcoHaNca.

ROCTOeBCKVILI 0)KHBJISIeT B CBOHX paccica3ax (DOHTMIKy C ee mocTamit H C

6J114311e)KaIIIIIMII nepeysixama, HeBy c ee rpaHnHo3HbimH MocTaMH, HeBCKHil

npocnexT C FOCTHHb1M nBopom, a Taxxce .11HTekiyi-o. 3TH xpe6Thi CTOJIHIIHOLI

naHopaMbl 6ynyT BblRe.TISITbC51 Taxmce 13 6011b1LIHX pomaHax, B KOTOpb1X noma cTaHyT OgeBHAILaMH 3B011101I1414 nyineimofi Tonorpacim, icoTopaR oTpa3HTcst Ha *H3H14 )1(HTeneil 3T0r0 ropona. A c obnopexcium MO)KHO CKa3aTb, 4ITO BCCb

ropon cTaHeT nomom tienosextecicoti nyui, a no Bachelard'y "sites de notre vie intime", AaAce Torna, 'corna noma He oTnwialoTca oco6eHHoil xpacoTog. TatcHe pa3mbintneHm4 O meTachH3HtiecKom npocTpaHcme 110LICKa3bInalOT MHe, IITO MO)KHO roBomb He TOI1bK0 O nymeBHoil Tonorpacp14 H reorpacpHH, HO H 0

LryLueBHom npocTpaHcme 14 0 gyLILeBHOPI apX11TeKType.